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Note 2 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2017
Notes to Financial Statements  
Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]
NOTE
2
– FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
 
Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.  There are
three
levels of inputs that
may
be used to measure fair values:
 
Level
1:
Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.
 
Level
2:
Significant other observable inputs other than Level
1
prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are
not
active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
 
Level
3:
Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.
 
The following is a description of the Company’s valuation methodologies used to measure and disclose the fair values of its financial assets and liabilities on a recurring or nonrecurring basis:
 
Securities:
  The fair values for securities are determined by quoted market prices, if available (Level
1
). For securities where quoted prices are
not
available, fair values are calculated based on market prices of similar securities (Level
2
). For securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities are
not
available, fair values are calculated using discounted cash flows or other market indicators (Level
3
). During times when trading is more liquid, broker quotes are used (if available) to validate the model. Rating agency and industry research reports as well as defaults and deferrals on individual securities are reviewed and incorporated into the calculations.
 
Impaired Loans:
  At the time a loan is considered impaired, it is valued at the lower of cost or fair value. Impaired loans carried at fair value generally receive specific allocations of the allowance for loan losses. For collateral dependent loans, fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals
may
utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level
3
classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Non-real estate collateral
may
be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business, resulting in a Level
3
fair value classification. Impaired loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly.
 
Other Real Estate Owned:
  Assets acquired through or instead of loan foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. These assets are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals
may
utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level
3
classification of the inputs for determining fair value. 
 
Appraisals for both collateral-dependent impaired loans and other real estate owned are performed by certified general appraisers (for commercial properties) or certified residential appraisers (for residential properties) whose qualifications and licenses have been reviewed and verified by the Company. Once received, a member of management reviews the assumptions and approaches utilized in the appraisal as well as the overall resulting fair value in comparison with management’s own assumptions of fair value based on factors that include recent market data or industry-wide statistics. On an as-needed basis, the Company reviews the fair value of collateral, taking into consideration current market data, as well as all selling costs that typically approximate
10%.
 
Assets
and Liabilities
Measured on a Recurring Basis
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:
 
    Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2017 Using  
   
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
   
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Assets:
                       
U.S. Government sponsored entity securities
   
----
    $
13,642
     
----
 
Agency mortgage-backed securities, residential
   
----
     
89,055
     
----
 
 
 
    Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016 Using  
   
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
   
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Assets:
                       
U.S. Government sponsored entity securities
   
----
    $
10,544
     
----
 
Agency mortgage-backed securities, residential
   
----
     
85,946
     
----
 
 
There were
no
transfers between Level
1
and Level
2
during
2017
or
2016.
 
Assets
and Liabilities
Measured on a Nonrecurring Basis
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis are summarized below:
 
    Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2017, Using  
   
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
   
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Assets:
                       
Impaired loans:
                       
Commercial real estate:
                       
Nonowner-occupied
   
----
     
----
    $
2,462
 
Construction
   
----
     
----
     
290
 
Commercial and industrial
   
----
     
----
     
373
 
                         
Other real estate owned:
                       
Commercial real estate:
                       
Construction
   
----
     
----
     
754
 
 
    Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016, Using  
   
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
   
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Assets:
                       
Impaired loans:
                       
Commercial real estate:
                       
Owner-occupied
   
----
     
----
    $
3,536
 
Nonowner-occupied
   
----
     
----
     
1,985
 
Commercial and industrial
   
----
     
----
     
298
 
                         
Other real estate owned:
                       
Commercial real estate:
                       
Construction
   
----
     
----
     
754
 
 
At
June 30, 2017,
the recorded investment of impaired loans measured for impairment using the fair value of collateral for collateral-dependent loans totaled
$3,125,
with
no
corresponding valuation allowance. This resulted in
no
change to provision expense during the
three
months ended
June 30, 2017,
and a decrease of
$221
in provision expense during the
six
months ended
June 30, 2017,
with
$1,011
in additional charge-offs recognized. This is compared to an increase of
$1,574
in provision expense during the
three
months ended
June 30, 2016,
and an increase of
$1,658
in provision expense during the
six
months ended
June 30, 2016,
with
no
additional charge-offs recognized. At
December 31, 2016,
the recorded investment of impaired loans measured for impairment using the fair value of collateral for collateral-dependent loans totaled
$8,732,
with a corresponding valuation allowance of
$2,913,
resulting in an increase of
$2,509
in provision expense during the year ended
December 31, 2016,
with
no
additional charge-offs recognized.
 
Other real estate owned that was measured at fair value less costs to sell at
June 30, 2017
and
December 31, 2016
had a net carrying amount of
$754
,
which is made up of the outstanding balance of
$2,217
,
net of a valuation allowance of
$1,463
.
There were
no
corresponding write downs during the
three
and
six
months ended
June 30, 2017
and
2016.
 
The following table presents quantitative information about Level
3
fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at
June 30, 2017
and
December 31, 2016:
 
 
June 30, 2017
 
Fair Value
 
Valuation
Technique(s)
 
Unobservable
Input(s)
 
Range
   
(Weighted
Average)
 
Impaired loans:
                                 
Commercial real estate:
                                 
Nonowner-occupied
  $
2,462
 
Sales approach
 
Adjustment to comparables
   
0%
to
250%
     
56.4%
 
     
 
 
Income approach
 
Capitalization Rate
   
 
9%
 
     
9%
 
Construction
   
290
 
Sales approach
 
Adjustment to comparables
   
15.7%
to
52%
     
31.7%
 
Commercial and industrial
   
373
 
Sales approach
 
Adjustment to comparables
   
2%
to
14.2%
     
8.1%
 
                                   
Other real estate owned:
                                 
Commercial real estate:
                                 
Construction
   
754
 
Sales approach
 
Adjustment to comparables
   
0%
to
30%
     
11.7%
 
 
 
December 31, 2016
 
Fair Value
 
Valuation
Technique(s)
 
Unobservable
Input(s)
 
Range
   
(Weighted
Average)
 
Impaired loans:
                                 
Commercial real estate:
                                 
Owner-occupied
  $
3,536
 
Sales approach
 
Adjustment to comparables
   
0%
to
65%
     
13.7%
 
     
 
 
Cost approach
 
Adjustment to comparables
   
0%
to
29.5%
     
14.8%
 
Nonowner-occupied
   
1,985
 
Sales approach
 
Adjustment to comparables
   
0%
to
250%
     
58.6%
 
Commercial and industrial
   
298
 
Sales approach
 
Adjustment to comparables
   
0.9%
to
9.7%
     
5.2%
 
                                   
Other real estate owned:
                                 
Commercial real estate:
                                 
Construction
   
754
 
Sales approach
 
Adjustment to comparables
   
0%
to
30%
     
11.7%
 
 
The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments at
June 30, 2017
and
December 
31,
2016
are as follows:
 
            Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2017 Using:  
   
Carrying
Value
   
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
   
Total
 
Financial Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
  $
35,486
    $
35,486
    $
----
    $
----
    $
35,486
 
Certificates of deposit in financial institutions
   
1,820
     
----
     
1,820
     
----
     
1,820
 
Securities available for sale
   
102,697
     
----
     
102,697
     
----
     
102,697
 
Securities held to maturity
   
18,605
     
----
     
9,977
     
9,353
     
19,330
 
Restricted investments in bank stocks
   
7,506
     
N/A
     
N/A
     
N/A
     
N/A
 
Loans, net
   
749,953
     
----
     
----
     
733,487
     
733,487
 
Accrued interest receivable
   
2,264
     
----
     
264
     
2,000
     
2,264
 
                                         
Financial liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
   
808,192
     
227,064
     
581,060
     
----
     
808,124
 
Other borrowed funds
   
40,655
     
----
     
39,839
     
----
     
39,839
 
Subordinated debentures
   
8,500
     
----
     
6,287
     
----
     
6,287
 
Accrued interest payable
   
607
     
2
     
605
     
----
     
607
 
 
            Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016 Using:  
   
Carrying
Value
   
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
   
Total
 
Financial Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
  $
40,166
    $
40,166
    $
----
    $
----
    $
40,166
 
Certificates of deposit in financial institutions
   
1,670
     
----
     
1,670
     
----
     
1,670
 
Securities available for sale
   
96,490
     
----
     
96,490
     
----
     
96,490
 
Securities held to maturity
   
18,665
     
----
     
9,541
     
9,630
     
19,171
 
Restricted investments in bank stocks
   
7,506
     
N/A
     
N/A
     
N/A
     
N/A
 
Loans, net
   
727,202
     
----
     
----
     
727,079
     
727,079
 
Accrued interest receivable
   
2,315
     
----
     
224
     
2,091
     
2,315
 
                                         
Financial liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
   
790,452
     
209,576
     
581,340
     
----
     
790,916
 
Other borrowed funds
   
37,085
     
----
     
35,948
     
----
     
35,948
 
Subordinated debentures
   
8,500
     
----
     
5,821
     
----
     
5,821
 
Accrued interest payable
   
513
     
4
     
509
     
----
     
513
 
 
The methods and assumptions,
not
previously presented, used to estimate fair values are described as follows:
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
: The carrying amounts of cash and short-term instruments approximate fair values and are classified as Level
1.
 
Certificates of Deposit in Financial Institutions
: The carrying amounts of certificates of deposit in financial institutions approximate fair values and are classified as Level
2.
 
Securities Held to Maturity:
  The fair values for securities held to maturity are determined in the same manner as securities held for sale and discussed earlier in this note.  Level
3
securities consist of nonrated municipal bonds and tax credit (“QZAB”) bonds.
 
Restricted Investments in Bank Stocks
: It is
not
practical to determine the fair value of Federal Home Loan Bank, Federal Reserve Bank and United Bankers Bank stock due to restrictions placed on their transferability.
 
Loans
: Fair values of loans are estimated as follows:  The fair value of fixed rate loans is estimated by discounting future cash flows using interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality resulting in a Level
3
classification.  For variable rate loans that reprice frequently and with
no
significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values resulting in a Level
3
classification.  Impaired loans are valued at the lower of cost or fair value as described previously. The methods utilized to estimate the fair value of loans do
not
necessarily represent an exit price.
 
Deposit
s
: The fair values disclosed for noninterest-bearing deposits are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e., their carrying amount) resulting in a Level
1
classification. The carrying amounts of variable rate, fixed-term money market accounts and certificates of deposit approximate their fair values at the reporting date resulting in a Level
2
classification. Fair values for fixed rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flows calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered on certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on time deposits resulting in a Level
2
classification.
 
Other Borrowed Funds
: The carrying values of the Company’s short-term borrowings, generally maturing within
ninety
days, approximate their fair values resulting in a Level
2
classification. The fair values of the Company’s long-term borrowings are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on the current borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements resulting in a Level
2
classification.
 
Subordinated Debentures
: The fair values of the Company’s Subordinated Debentures are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on the current borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements resulting in a Level
2
classification.
 
Accrued Interest Receivable and Payable
: The carrying amount of accrued interest approximates fair value, resulting in a classification that is consistent with the earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities with which it is associated.
 
Off-balance Sheet Instruments
:  Fair values for off-balance sheet, credit-related financial instruments are based on fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit standing. The fair value of commitments is
not
material.
 
Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do
not
reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at
one
time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because
no
market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.