ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Consolidation

Consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

Segment Information

Segment Information: The Company uses the “management approach” for determining its reportable segment information. The management approach is based on the way management organizes the reportable segments within the Company for making operating decisions and assessing performance. See Note N for further discussion of segment reporting.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual amounts may differ from those estimates.

Reclassifications

Reclassifications: For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, certain reclassifications have been made between operating expenses lines of the Asset-Light segment to conform to the current-year presentation (see Note N). There was no impact on Asset-Light operating expenses as a result of these reclassifications. The Company also made reclassifications for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, to conform to the current-year presentation by combining immaterial amounts within the tax reconciliation table and the deferred tax asset components table for December 31, 2023. (see Note F).

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Short-Term Investments

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Short-Term Investments: Short-term investments that have a maturity of ninety days or less when purchased are considered cash equivalents. Short-term investments consist of FDIC-insured certificates of deposit with original maturities greater than ninety days and remaining maturities less than one year. Certificates of deposit are valued at cost plus accrued interest, which approximates fair value. Interest and dividends related to cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments are included in interest and dividend income.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Concentration of Credit Risk: The Company is subject to concentrations of credit risk related to the portion of its cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments, which is not federally insured, as further discussed in Note C.

The Company’s services are provided primarily to customers throughout the United States and, to a lesser extent, Canada, Mexico, and other international locations. On a consolidated basis, the Company had no single customer representing more than 3% of its revenues in 2024, 2023, or 2022 or more than 7% of its accounts receivable balance at December 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and generally does not require collateral. Historically, credit losses have been within management’s expectations.

Receivable Allowances

Receivable Allowances: The Company maintains allowances for credit losses and revenue adjustments on its trade receivables. The Company estimates the allowance for credit losses based on historical write-offs, factors surrounding the credit risk of specific customers, and forecasts of future economic conditions. In order to gather information regarding these trends and factors, the Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of customers, an analysis of accounts receivable aging by business segment, and an analysis of future economic conditions at period end. The allowance for revenue adjustments is an estimate based on historical revenue adjustments and current information regarding trends and business changes. Actual write-offs or adjustments could differ from the allowance estimates due to a number of factors, including future changes in the forecasted economic environment or new factors and risks surrounding a particular customer. Accounts receivable are written off when the accounts are turned over to a collection agency or when the accounts are determined to be uncollectible. Actual write-offs and adjustments are charged against the allowances for credit losses and revenue adjustments. The allowance for credit losses on the Company’s trade accounts receivable totaled $4.4 million and $5.5 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. During 2024, the allowance for credit losses increased $4.8 million and was reduced $5.9 million by write-offs, net of recoveries.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Including Repairs and Maintenance

Property, Plant and Equipment, Including Repairs and Maintenance: Purchases of property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. For financial reporting purposes, property, plant and equipment is depreciated principally by the straight-line method, using the following useful lives: structures – primarily 15 to 60 years; revenue equipment – 3 to 22 years; and other equipment – 2 to 16 years. The Company utilizes tractors and trailers in its operations. Tractors and trailers are commonly referred to as “revenue equipment” in the transportation business. The Company periodically reviews and adjusts, as appropriate, the residual values and useful lives of revenue equipment and other equipment. For tax reporting purposes, accelerated depreciation or cost recovery methods are used. Gains and losses on asset sales are reflected in the year of disposal. Exchanges of nonmonetary assets that have commercial substance are measured based on the fair value of the assets exchanged. Tires purchased with revenue equipment are capitalized as a part of the cost of such equipment, with replacement tires being expensed when placed in service. Repair and maintenance costs associated with property, plant and equipment are expensed as incurred if the costs do not extend the useful life of the asset. If such costs do extend the useful life of the asset, the costs are capitalized and depreciated over the appropriate remaining useful life.

Computer Software for Internal Use, Including Web Site Development and Cloud Computing Costs

Computer Software for Internal Use, Including Web Site Development and Cloud Computing Costs: The Company capitalizes the costs of software acquired from third parties and qualifying internal computer software costs incurred during the application development stage, or during the implementation stage for cloud computing or hosting arrangements. Costs incurred in the preliminary project stage and postimplementation-operation stage, which includes maintenance and training costs, are expensed as incurred. For financial reporting purposes, capitalized software costs are amortized by the straight-line method generally over 2 to 7 years. Capitalized costs related to cloud computing and hosting arrangements are presented within prepaid expenses in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The amount of costs capitalized within any period is dependent on the nature of software development activities and projects in each period.

Impairment Assessment of Long-Lived Assets

Impairment Assessment of Long-Lived Assets: The Company reviews its long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment, capitalized software, finite-lived intangible assets and right-of-use assets held under operating leases, which are held and used in its operations, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. If such an event or change in circumstances is present, the Company will estimate the undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. If the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the related asset, the Company will record the asset at the lesser of its carrying amount or fair value and recognize an impairment loss, if any, in operating income. During 2024 and 2023, the Company evaluated certain long-lived assets for impairment (see Note C).

Assets to be disposed of are reclassified as assets held for sale at the lower of their carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. Assets held for sale primarily represent certain properties, revenue equipment, and other equipment. Adjustments to write down assets to fair value less the amount of costs to sell are reported in operating income. Assets held for sale are expected to be disposed of by selling the assets within the next 12 months. Gains and losses on sales of property and equipment are reported in operating income. Assets held for sale of $18.4 million and $1.5 million were reported within

other long-term assets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, assets held for sale primarily include real estate properties and certain Asset-Light revenue equipment which were classified as held for sale in the fourth quarter of 2024. The real estate consists of two parcels of land with a combined carrying amount of $12.8 million for which plans to sell were entered in the fourth quarter of 2024 following the Company’s determination that the properties will not be utilized in its Asset-Based service center operations. The Asset-Light revenue equipment consists of trailers with a carrying amount of $4.6 million, which are being marketed for sale as a result of a strategic plan to adjust capacity within Asset-Light's operations (see Note C). The fair value of these held for sale assets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, were determined using Level 2 inputs.

Contingent Consideration

Contingent Consideration: The Agreement and Plan of Merger for our acquisition of MoLo provides for additional cash consideration based on the achievement of certain incremental targets of adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“adjusted EBITDA”) for each of the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024, and 2025. The adjusted EBITDA metrics were below target for 2023 and 2024, resulting in no earnout payment for 2023 and 2024. The Company records the estimated fair value of contingent earnout consideration at the acquisition date as part of the purchase price consideration for an acquisition. The fair value of the contingent earnout consideration liability is determined using a Monte Carlo simulation with Level 3 inputs including volatility factors, projected revenue and expenses or adjusted EBITDA, and the discount rate. The liability for contingent earnout consideration is remeasured at each quarterly reporting date and any change in fair value as a result of the recurring assessments is recognized in operating income (see Note C).

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Intangible Assets: Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price in a business combination over the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized, but rather is evaluated for impairment annually as of October 1 or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist (see Note E). The Company typically assesses qualitative factors but may also use a quantitative analysis to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the Company determines it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, a quantitative valuation of the reporting unit is prepared to measure the amount of goodwill impairment, if any.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets are also not amortized but rather are evaluated for impairment annually or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist. Consistent with goodwill, the Company typically assesses qualitative factors but may from time to time perform a quantitative assessment to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets is less than its carrying value; if applicable, a quantitative analysis is performed if it is determined it is more likely than not the indefinite-lived intangible is impaired.

The Company amortizes finite-lived intangible assets over their respective estimated useful lives.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes: The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are recorded as noncurrent by jurisdiction, are recognized based on the temporary differences between the book value and the tax basis of certain assets and liabilities and the tax effect of operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred income taxes relate principally to asset and liability basis differences resulting from the timing of depreciation deductions and to temporary differences in the recognition of certain revenues and expenses. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized as income or expense in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company classifies any interest and penalty amounts related to income tax matters as operating expenses.

Management applies judgment in determining the consolidated income tax provision, including valuation allowances on deferred tax assets. The valuation allowance for deferred tax assets is determined by evaluating whether it is more likely than not that the benefits of deferred tax assets will be realized through future reversal of existing taxable temporary differences, taxable income in carryback years in jurisdictions in which they are allowable, projected future taxable income, or tax-planning strategies. Uncertain tax positions, which also require significant judgment, are measured to determine the amounts to be recognized in the financial statements. The income tax provision and valuation allowances are complicated by complex and frequently changing rules administered in multiple jurisdictions, including U.S. federal, state, and foreign governments.

Long Term Investments

Long-Term Investments: The Company’s long-term investments are recorded in other long-term assets and represent equity investments in private entities without readily determinable fair values. The investments are recorded using the measurement alternative in which the Company’s equity interests are recorded at cost and adjusted for any impairments or for observable price changes identified in orderly transactions of similar investments of the same issuers. As of December 31, 2023, the carrying amount of the investment in Phantom Auto totaled $28.7 million, which was written off during the year ended December 31, 2024 (see Note C). The changes in fair value of the equity investments are recognized below the operating income line in “Other, net” within “Other income (costs).”

Book Overdrafts

Book Overdrafts: Issued checks that have not cleared the bank as of December 31 result in book overdraft balances for accounting purposes which are classified within accounts payable in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Book overdrafts amounted to $15.6 million and $19.2 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The change in book overdrafts is reported as a component of financing activities within the statement of cash flows.

Insurance Reserves

Insurance Reserves: The Company is self-insured up to certain limits for workers’ compensation, certain third-party casualty claims, and cargo loss and damage claims. Amounts in excess of the self-insured limits are fully insured to levels which management considers appropriate for the Company’s operations. The Company’s claims liabilities have not been discounted.

Liabilities for self-insured workers’ compensation and third-party casualty claims are based on the case reserve amounts plus an estimate of loss development and incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) claims, which is developed from an independent actuarial analysis. The process of determining reserve requirements utilizes historical trends and involves an evaluation of claim frequency and severity, claims management, and other factors. Case reserves are evaluated as loss experience develops and new information becomes available. Adjustments to previously estimated aggregate reserves are reflected in financial results in the periods in which they are made. Aggregate reserves represent an estimate of the costs of claims incurred, and it is possible that the ultimate liability may differ significantly from such estimates.

The Company develops an estimate of self-insured cargo loss and damage claims liabilities based on historical trends and certain event-specific information.

Claims liabilities are recorded in accrued expenses and are not offset by insurance receivables which are reported in other accounts receivable.

Loss Contingencies

Loss Contingencies: The Company is involved in various legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company assesses loss contingencies by estimating the likelihood of loss or the incurrence of a liability. The Company records a liability and expense for loss contingencies when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company’s legal matters are discussed in Note O.

Interest Rate Swap Derivative Instruments

Interest Rate Swap Derivative Instrument: The Company accounts for derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities and carries them at fair value. The Company’s interest rate swap was designated as a cash flow hedge. To receive hedge accounting treatment, cash flow hedges must be highly effective in offsetting changes to expected future cash flows on hedged transactions. The effective portion of the gain or loss on the interest rate swap instrument was reported as unrealized gain or loss as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, net of tax, in stockholders’ equity and the change in the unrealized gain or loss on the interest rate swap was reported in other comprehensive income or loss, net of tax, in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The unrealized gain or loss is reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss into income in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. There was no unrealized gain or loss reclassified to earnings from accumulated other comprehensive loss upon termination of the interest rate swap on October 1, 2024.

Leases

Leases: The Company leases, primarily under operating lease arrangements, certain facilities used primarily in the Asset-Based segment service center operations, certain facilities and revenue equipment used in the Asset-Light segment operations, and certain other facilities and office equipment. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases are recorded on the balance sheet and the related lease expense is recorded on a straight-line basis over the lease term in operating expenses. Included in lease expense are any variable lease payments incurred in the period that were not included in the initial lease liability.

The Company elected the practical expedient for leases with a term of 12 months or less exempting balance sheet treatment for all classes of assets to include real property, revenue equipment, and service, office, and other equipment. The Company

adopted the policy election as a lessee for all classes of assets to account for each lease component and its related non-lease component(s) as a single lease component. In determining the discount rate, the Company uses ArcBest Corporation’s incremental borrowing rate unless the rate implicit in the lease is readily determinable when entering into a lease as a lessee. The incremental borrowing rate is determined by the price of a fully collateralized loan with similar terms based on current market rates.

An assessment is made on or after the effective date of newly signed contracts as to whether the contract is, or contains, a lease at the inception of a contract. The operating right-of-use asset is measured as the initial amount of the operating lease liability, plus any initial direct costs incurred, less any prepayments prior to commencement or lease incentives received. The operating lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, discounted using the Company’s secured incremental borrowing rate for the same term as the underlying lease unless the interest rate implicit in the lease is readily determined, then the implicit rate will be used. Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability are comprised of the following: (1) the fixed noncancelable lease payments, (2) payments for optional renewal periods where it is reasonably certain the renewal period will be exercised, and (3) payments for early termination options unless it is reasonably certain the lease will not be terminated early. Variable lease payments based on an index or rate are initially measured using the index or rate in effect at lease commencement and included in the measurement of the initial lease liability. Variable lease cost for operating leases consists of subsequent changes in the consumer price index, rent payments that are based on usage, and other lease related payments which are subject to change and not considered fixed payments. Additional payments based on the change in an index or rate are recorded as a period expense when incurred. Lease modifications result in remeasurement of the lease liability.

Supplemental Benefit and Postretirement Health Benefit Plans

Supplemental Benefit and Postretirement Health Benefit Plans: The Company recognizes the funded status of the supplemental benefit plan (the “SBP”) and postretirement health benefit plan in the consolidated balance sheet and recognizes changes in the funded status, net of tax, in the year in which they occur as a component of other comprehensive income or loss. The benefit obligations of the SBP and postretirement health benefit plan represent the funded status, as these plans do not have plan assets. Amounts recognized in other comprehensive income or loss are subsequently expensed as components of net periodic benefit cost by amortizing unrecognized net actuarial losses over the average remaining active service period of the plan participants and amortizing unrecognized prior service credits over the remaining years of service until full eligibility of the active participants at the time of the plan amendment which created the prior service credit. A corridor approach is not used for determining the amounts of net actuarial losses to be amortized.

The Company has not incurred service cost under the SBP since the accrual of benefits under the plan was frozen on December 31, 2009. The Company incurs service cost under the postretirement health benefit plan which is reported within operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. The other components of net periodic benefit cost (credit) of the SBP (including pension settlement expense) and the postretirement health benefit plan are reported within the other line item of other income (costs).

The expense and liability related to the postretirement health benefit plan are measured based upon a number of assumptions and using the services of a third-party actuary. Assumptions are made regarding the discount rate, expected retirement age, mortality, employee turnover, and future increases in health care costs. The discount rates used to discount the SBP and postretirement health benefit plan obligations are determined by matching projected cash distributions with appropriate high-quality corporate bond yields in a yield curve analysis. The assumptions used directly impact the net periodic benefit cost (credit) for a particular year. An actuarial gain or loss results when actual experience varies from the assumptions or when there are changes in actuarial assumptions. Actuarial gains and losses are not included in net periodic benefit cost (credit) in the period when they arise but are recognized as a component of other comprehensive income or loss and subsequently amortized as a component of net periodic benefit cost (credit).

The Company uses December 31 as the measurement date for the SBP and postretirement health benefit plan. Plan obligations are also remeasured upon curtailment and upon settlement. Benefit distributions under the SBP individually exceed the annual interest cost of the plan, which triggers settlement accounting. The Company records the related settlement expense when the amount of the benefit to be distributed is fixed, which is generally upon an employee’s termination of employment. The SBP has not incurred pension settlement expense since 2020.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition: Revenues are recognized when or as control of the promised services is transferred to the customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services. Revenue adjustments occur due to freight bill rating or other billing adjustments. The Company also estimates revenue adjustments based on historical information and current trends, and revenue is recognized accordingly.

Asset-Based Segment

Asset-Based segment revenues consist primarily of less-than-truckload freight delivery. Performance obligations are satisfied upon final delivery of the freight to the specified destination. Revenue is recognized in each reporting period based on the expense incurred relative to each shipment’s transit time. A bill‑by‑bill analysis is used to establish estimates of revenue in transit for recognition in the appropriate period. Because the bill‑by‑bill methodology utilizes the approximate location of the shipment in the delivery process to determine the revenue to recognize, management believes it to be a reliable method.

Certain contracts may provide for volume-based or other discounts which are accounted for as variable consideration. The Company estimates these amounts based on a historical expectation of discounts to be earned by customers, and revenue is recognized based on the estimates. Management believes that actual amounts will not vary significantly from estimates of variable consideration.

Revenue, purchased transportation expense, and third-party service expenses are reported on a gross basis for shipments and services where the Company utilizes a third-party carrier for pickup, linehaul, delivery of freight, or performance of services but remains primarily responsible for fulfilling delivery to the customer and maintains discretion in setting the price for the services.

Asset-Light Segment

Asset-Light segment revenues consist primarily of asset-light logistics services using third-party vendors to provide transportation services. Asset-Light segment revenue is recognized based on the relative transit time in each reporting period using estimated standard delivery times for freight in transit at the end of the reporting period. Purchased transportation expense is recognized as incurred consistent with the recognition of revenue.

Revenue and purchased transportation expense are reported on a gross basis for shipments and services where the Company utilizes a third-party carrier for pickup and delivery but remains primarily responsible to the customer for delivery and maintains discretion in setting the price for the service.

Other Recognition and Disclosure

Payment terms with customers may vary depending on the service provided, location or specific agreement with the customer. Payment terms generally vary between 30 to 90 days. For certain services, payment is required before the services are provided to the customer.

The Company expenses sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period is one year or less.

Comprehensive Income or Loss

Comprehensive Income or Loss: Comprehensive income or loss consists of net income and other comprehensive income or loss, net of tax. Other comprehensive income or loss refers to revenues, expenses, gains, and losses that are not included in net income for the period, but rather are recorded directly to stockholders’ equity. The Company reports the components of other comprehensive income or loss, net of tax, by their nature and discloses the tax effect allocated to each component in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The accumulated balance of other comprehensive income or loss is displayed separately in the consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity and the components of the balance are reported in Note K. The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, net of tax, and the significant reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss are disclosed, by component, in Note K.

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share: Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income by the daily weighted number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated using the treasury stock method. Under this method, the denominator used in calculating diluted earnings per share includes the impact of unvested restricted equity awards.

Share-Based Compensation

Share-Based Compensation: The fair value of restricted stock awards is determined based upon the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, adjusted for the present value of dividends which are not payable with respect to unvested restricted stock units (“RSUs”). The RSUs generally vest over a specified time beginning on the grant date. RSUs granted in 2024, 2023 and 2022 follow a three-year ratable vesting schedule with one-third of the grants vesting each year. Awards granted to non-employee directors typically vest at the end of a one-year period, subject to accelerated vesting due to death, disability, retirement, or change-in-control provisions. When RSUs become vested, the Company issues new shares in settlement of the RSU award. The Company recognizes the income tax benefits of dividends

on share-based payment awards as income tax expense or benefit in the consolidated statements of operations when awards vest or are settled.

Share-based awards are amortized to compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of awards or over the period to which the recipient first becomes eligible for retirement, whichever is shorter, with vesting accelerated upon death or disability. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur, and the income tax effects of awards are recognized in the statement of operations when awards vest or are settled.

Advertising

Advertising: The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. These costs totaled $22.3 million, $27.8 million, and $28.7 million for 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements: The Company discloses the fair value measurements of its financial assets and liabilities. Fair value measurements are disclosed in accordance with the following hierarchy of valuation approaches based on whether the inputs of market data and market assumptions used to measure fair value are observable or unobservable:

● Level 1 – Quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets.

● Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

● Level 3 – Unobservable inputs (based on the Company’s market assumptions) that are significant to the valuation model.

Environmental Matters

Environmental Matters: The Company expenses environmental costs related to existing conditions resulting from past or current operations and from which no current or future benefit is discernible. Expenditures which extend the life of the related property or mitigate or prevent future environmental contamination are capitalized. Amounts accrued reflect management’s best estimate of the future undiscounted exposure related to identified properties based on current environmental regulations, management’s experience with similar environmental matters, and testing performed at certain sites. The estimated liability is not reduced for possible recoveries from insurance carriers or other third parties.

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company adopted an amendment to Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 280, Segment Reporting, which required, among other things, enhanced disclosures of significant segment expenses on an annual and interim basis, the title and position of the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), and how the CODM uses the reported measures of a segments profit or loss to assess performance and allocate resources. The adoption did not have a significant impact on the Company’s disclosures.

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, was amended in December 2023 through the issuance of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”), to improve income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, while early adoption is permitted. This ASU is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s disclosures.

In March 2024, the SEC adopted final rules under SEC Release Nos. 33-11275 and 33-99678, The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors, that will require registrants to provide certain climate-related information in their registration statements and annual reports. Subsequent to issuance, the rules became the subject of litigation, and the SEC has issued a stay to allow the legal process to proceed.

ASC Topic 220, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, was amended in November 2024 through the issuance of ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (“ASU 2024-03”), which requires additional disclosure of specified information about certain costs and expenses. ASU 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, while early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the amendment’s impact on the Company’s disclosures.