10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019

☐Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from   to  

Commission file number 000-19969

ARCBEST CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization) 71-0673405 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

8401 McClure Drive

Fort Smith, Arkansas 72916

(479) 785-6000

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including

area code, of the registrant’s principal executive offices)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report.)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock $0.01 Par Value	ARCB	Nasdaq

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   ☒ Yes  ☐No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).   ☒ Yes  ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒	Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).   ☐ Yes  ☒ No

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Class	Outstanding at May 3, 2019
Common Stock, $0.01 par value	25,513,294 shares

ARCBEST CORPORATION

INDEX

		Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements
	Consolidated Balance Sheets — March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018	3
	Consolidated Statements of Operations — For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	4
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income — For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	5
	Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity — For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	6
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	7
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	30
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	47
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	47
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	48
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	48
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	48
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	48
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	48
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	48
Item 5.	Other Information	48
Item 6.	Exhibits	49
SIGNATURES		50

PART I.

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ARCBEST CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

	March 31		December 31
	2019		2018
	(Unaudited)
	(in thousands, except share data)
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	138,399	$	190,186
Short-term investments		116,225		106,806
Accounts receivable, less allowances (2019 – $6,655; 2018 – $7,380)		294,853		297,051
Other accounts receivable, less allowances (2019 – $456; 2018 – $806)		16,925		19,146
Prepaid expenses		31,064		25,304
Prepaid and refundable income taxes		4,610		1,726
Other		4,466		9,007
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS		606,542		649,226
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Land and structures		340,764		339,640
Revenue equipment		856,370		858,251
Service, office, and other equipment		206,959		199,230
Software		142,062		138,517
Leasehold improvements		9,766		9,365
		1,555,921		1,545,003
Less allowances for depreciation and amortization		932,945		913,815
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, net		622,976		631,188
GOODWILL		108,320		108,320
INTANGIBLE ASSETS, net		67,820		68,949
OPERATING RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS		68,737		—
DEFERRED INCOME TAXES		6,905		7,468
OTHER LONG-TERM ASSETS		78,357		74,080
TOTAL ASSETS	$	1,559,657	$	1,539,231
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable	$	145,590	$	143,785
Income taxes payable		241		1,688
Accrued expenses		211,533		243,111
Current portion of long-term debt		48,809		54,075
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		17,678		—
Current portion of pension and postretirement liabilities		7,984		8,659
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES		431,835		451,318
LONG-TERM DEBT, less current portion		227,649		237,600
OPERATING LEASE LIABILITIES, less current portion		54,444		—
PENSION AND POSTRETIREMENT LIABILITIES, less current portion		31,695		31,504
OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES		36,406		44,686
DEFERRED INCOME TAXES		55,873		56,441
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common stock, $0.01 par value, authorized 70,000,000 shares; issued 2019: 28,685,313 shares, 2018: 28,684,779 shares		287		287
Additional paid-in capital		327,762		325,712
Retained earnings		504,225		501,389
Treasury stock, at cost, 2019: 3,172,019 shares; 2018: 3,097,634 shares		(98,131)		(95,468)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(12,388)		(14,238)
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY		721,755		717,682
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$	1,559,657	$	1,539,231

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

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ARCBEST CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

	Three Months Ended
	March 31
	2019		2018
	(Unaudited)
	(in thousands, except share and per share data)
REVENUES	$	711,839	$	700,001
OPERATING EXPENSES		703,248		687,276
OPERATING INCOME		8,591		12,725
OTHER INCOME (COSTS)
Interest and dividend income		1,478		526
Interest and other related financing costs		(2,882)		(2,059)
Other, net		(591)		(2,201)
		(1,995)		(3,734)
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES		6,596		8,991
INCOME TAX PROVISION (BENEFIT)		1,708		(963)
NET INCOME	$	4,888	$	9,954
EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE
Basic	$	0.19	$	0.39
Diluted	$	0.18	$	0.37
AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING
Basic		25,570,415		25,642,871
Diluted		26,512,349		26,596,376
CASH DIVIDENDS DECLARED PER COMMON SHARE	$	0.08	$	0.08

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

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ARCBEST CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

	Three Months Ended
	March 31
	2019		2018
	(Unaudited)
	(in thousands)
NET INCOME	$	4,888	$	9,954
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME, net of tax
Pension and other postretirement benefit plans:
Net actuarial loss, net of tax of: (2019 – $230; 2018 – $899)		661		2,590
Pension settlement expense, net of tax of: (2019 – $349; 2018 – $168)		1,007		486
Amortization of unrecognized net periodic benefit costs, net of tax of: (2019 – $100; 2018 – $219)
Net actuarial loss		295		649
Prior service credit		(6)		(17)
Interest rate swap and foreign currency translation:
Change in unrealized income (loss) on interest rate swap, net of tax of: (2019 – $118; 2018 – $219)		(332)		436
Change in foreign currency translation, net of tax of: (2019 – $79; 2018 – $223)		225		(72)
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME, net of tax		1,850		4,072
TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME	$	6,738	$	14,026

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

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ARCBEST CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
											Accumulated
				Additional							Other
	Common Stock			Paid-In		Retained		Treasury Stock			Comprehensive		Total
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Earnings		Shares	Amount		Loss		Equity
	(Unaudited)
	(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2018	28,685	$	287	$	325,712	$	501,389	3,098	$	(95,468)	$	(14,238)	$	717,682
Net income							4,888							4,888
Other comprehensive income, net of tax												1,850		1,850
Tax effect of share-based compensation plans					(8)									(8)
Share-based compensation expense					2,058									2,058
Purchase of treasury stock								74		(2,663)				(2,663)
Dividends declared on common stock							(2,052)							(2,052)
Balance at March 31, 2019	28,685	$	287	$	327,762	$	504,225	3,172	$	(98,131)	$	(12,388)	$	721,755
	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
											Accumulated
				Additional							Other
	Common Stock			Paid-In		Retained		Treasury Stock			Comprehensive		Total
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Earnings		Shares	Amount		Loss		Equity
	(Unaudited)
	(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2017	28,496	$	285	$	319,436	$	438,379	2,852	$	(86,064)	$	(20,574)	$	651,462
Adjustments to beginning retained earnings for adoption of accounting standards							3,992					(3,576)		416
Balance at January 1, 2018	28,496		285		319,436		442,371	2,852		(86,064)		(24,150)		651,878
Net income							9,954							9,954
Other comprehensive income, net of tax												4,072		4,072
Issuance of common stock under share-based compensation plans	3		—		—									—
Tax effect of share-based compensation plans					(41)									(41)
Share-based compensation expense					1,870									1,870
Purchase of treasury stock								5		(201)				(201)
Dividends declared on common stock							(2,058)							(2,058)
Balance at March 31, 2018	28,499	$	285	$	321,265	$	450,267	2,857	$	(86,265)	$	(20,078)	$	665,474

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

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ARCBEST CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

	Three Months Ended
	March 31
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$	4,888	$	9,954
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		25,409		25,352
Amortization of intangibles		1,128		1,134
Pension settlement expense		1,356		654
Share-based compensation expense		2,058		1,870
Provision for losses on accounts receivable		112		445
Deferred income tax benefit		(584)		(2,749)
Gain on sale of property and equipment		(43)		(221)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Receivables		3,931		(10,260)
Prepaid expenses		(5,760)		(2,587)
Other assets		4,589		2,732
Income taxes		(4,313)		1,938
Multiemployer pension fund withdrawal liability		(143)		—
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities		(35,999)		3,513
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES		(3,371)		31,775
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchases of property, plant and equipment, net of financings		(15,543)		(7,177)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment		1,039		1,050
Purchases of short-term investments		(13,790)		(4,410)
Proceeds from sale of short-term investments		4,998		6,245
Capitalization of internally developed software		(2,656)		(2,164)
NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES		(25,952)		(6,456)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Payments on long-term debt		(15,217)		(16,558)
Net change in book overdrafts		(2,524)		(2,572)
Payment of common stock dividends		(2,052)		(2,058)
Purchases of treasury stock		(2,663)		(201)
Payments for tax withheld on share-based compensation		(8)		(50)
NET CASH USED IN FINANCING ACTIVITIES		(22,464)		(21,439)
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS		(51,787)		3,880
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		190,186		120,772
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS CASH AT END OF PERIOD	$	138,399	$	124,652
NONCASH INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Equipment financed	$	—	$	121
Accruals for equipment received	$	2,878	$	883
Lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assets	$	18,144	$	—

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

7

ARCBEST CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

NOTE A – ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT PRESENTATION

ArcBest CorporationTM (the “Company”) is the parent holding company of businesses providing integrated logistics solutions. The Company’s operations are conducted through its three reportable operating segments: Asset-Based, which consists of ABF Freight System, Inc. and certain other subsidiaries; ArcBest®, the Company’s asset-light logistics operation; and FleetNet®. References to the Company in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are primarily to the Company and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis.

The Asset-Based segment represented approximately 69% of the Company’s total revenues before other revenues and intercompany eliminations for the three months ended March 31, 2019. As of March 2019, approximately 82% of the Asset‑Based segment’s employees were covered under a collective bargaining agreement, the ABF National Master Freight Agreement (the “2018 ABF NMFA”), with the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (the “IBT”), which will remain in effect through June 30, 2023.

Financial Statement Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) pertaining to interim financial information. Accordingly, these interim financial statements do not include all information or footnote disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for complete financial statements and, therefore, should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K and other current filings with the SEC. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (which are of a normal and recurring nature) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual amounts may differ from those estimates.

Accounting Policies

The Company’s accounting policies are described in Note B to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of the Company’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following policies have been updated during the three months ended March 31, 2019 for the adoption of accounting standard updated disclosed within this Note.

Interest Rate SwapDerivative Instruments: The Company accounts for its derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities and carries them at fair value. The Company has interest rate swap agreements designated as a cash flow hedges. The effective portion of the gain or loss on the interest rate swap instruments is reported as unrealized gain or loss as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, net of tax, in stockholders’ equity and the change in the unrealized gain or loss on the interest rate swaps is reported in other comprehensive income or loss, net of tax, in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The unrealized gain or loss is reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss into income in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. To receive hedge accounting treatment, cash flow hedges must be highly effective in offsetting changes to expected future cash flows on hedged transactions.

Leases: The Company leases, under finance and operating lease arrangements, certain facilities used primarily in the Asset-Based segment service center operations, certain revenue equipment used in the ArcBest segment operations, and certain other office equipment. The Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 842, Leases, (“ASC Topic 842”) effective January 1, 2019. In accordance with ASC Topic 842, right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases are recorded on the balance sheet and the related lease expense is recorded on a straight-line basis over

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the lease term in operating expenses. Included in lease expense are any variable lease payments incurred in the period that were not included in the initial lease liability. For financial reporting purposes, right-of-use assets held under finance leases are amortized over their estimated useful lives on the same basis as owned assets, and leasehold improvements associated with assets utilized under finance or operating leases are amortized by the straight-line method over the shorter of the remaining lease term or the asset’s useful life. Amortization of assets under finance leases is included in depreciation expense. Obligations under the finance lease arrangements are included in long-term debt.

The short-term lease exemption was elected under ASC Topic 842 for all classes of assets to include real property, revenue equipment, and service, office, and other equipment. The Company adopted the policy election as a lessee for all classes of assets to account for each lease component and its related non-lease component(s) as a single lease component. In determining the discount rate, the Company uses the rate implicit in the lease if that rate is readily determinable when entering into a lease as a lessee. If the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate, determined by the price of a fully collateralized loan with similar terms based on current market rates.

For contracts entered into on or after the effective date, an assessment is made as to whether the contract is, or contains, a lease at the inception of a contract. The assessment is based on: (1) whether the contract involves the use of a distinct identified asset; (2) whether the Company obtains the right to substantially all the economic benefit from the use of the asset throughout the period; and (3) whether the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset. For all operating leases that meet the scope of ASC Topic 842, a right-of-use asset and a lease liability are recognized. The right-of-use asset is measured as the initial amount of the lease liability, plus any initial direct costs incurred, less any prepayments prior to commencement or lease incentives received. The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company’s secured incremental borrowing rate for the same term as the underlying lease. Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability are comprised of the following: (1) the fixed noncancelable lease payments, (2) payments for optional renewal periods where it is reasonably certain the renewal period will be exercised, and (3) payments for early termination options unless it is reasonably certain the lease will not be terminated early. Variable lease payments based on an index or rate are initially measured using the index or rate in effect at lease commencement and included in the measurement of the initial lease liability. Additional payments based on the change in an index or rate are recorded as a period expense when incurred. Lease modifications result in remeasurement of the lease liability.

Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

ASC Topic 842, which was adopted by the Company effective January 1, 2019, requires lessees to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases with terms greater than 12 months on the balance sheet. The standard also requires additional qualitative and quantitative disclosures designed to assess the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The Company elected the modified retrospective method of applying the transition provisions at the beginning of the period of adoption and, as a result, has not adjusted comparative period financial information and has not included the new lease disclosures for periods before the effective date. Prior period amounts continue to be reported under the Company’s historical accounting in accordance with the previous lease guidance included in ASC Topic 840.

The Company has excluded short-term leases from accounting under ASC Topic 842 and has elected the package of practical expedients as permitted under the transition guidance, which allowed the Company to not reassess: (1) whether contracts are, or contain, leases; (2) lease classification; and (3) capitalization of initial direct costs. For contracts entered into on or after the effective date, an assessment is made as to whether the contract is, or contains, a lease at the inception of a contract. Consistent with the package of practical expedients elected, leases entered into prior to January 1, 2019, are accounted for under ASC Topic 840 and were not reassessed. For all classes of assets, the policy election was made to account for each lease component and its related non-lease component(s) as a single lease component. The election to not recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a term of 12 months or less did not have a material effect on the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities.

The majority of the Company’s lease portfolio consists of real property operating leases related to facilities used in the Asset-Based segment service center operations. The lease portfolio also includes operating leases related to certain revenue equipment used in the ArcBest segment operations as well as a small number of office equipment finance leases.

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Management has recorded the right-of-use assets and associated lease liabilities for operating leases on the consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2019 in accordance with ASC Topic 842. Finance leases are not material to the consolidated financial statements.

The most significant impact of adopting ASC Topic 842 was the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for operating leases of $58.7 million as of January 1, 2019. The accounting for finance leases (formerly referred to as capital leases prior to the adoption of ASC Topic 842) remained substantially unchanged. The expense recognition for operating leases and finance leases under ASC Topic 842 is substantially consistent with ASC Topic 840 and the impact of the new standard is non-cash in nature. As a result, there is no significant impact on the Company’s results of operations or cash flows presented in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, which was adopted by the Company on January 1, 2019, was amended to change the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results to simplify hedge accounting treatment and better align an entity’s risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships. The amendment did not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) issued Final Rule 33-10618, FAST Act Modernization and Simplification of Regulation S-K, in March 2019 to modernize and simplify certain disclosure requirements in Regulation S-K and the related rules and forms. Effective April 2, 2019, the final rule allows registrants to redact confidential information from most exhibits filed with the SEC without filing a confidential treatment request. Effective May 2, 2019, the final rule requires registrants to include the trading symbol for each class of registered securities on the cover page of certain SEC forms. The final rule also includes certain requirements for eXtensible Business Reporting Language (“XBRL”) reporting and provisions to simplify certain annual disclosure requirements within the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”), Risk Factors, and Properties sections of Form 10-K. The XBRL requirements of the final rule for tagging data on the cover page of certain SEC filings and the use of hyperlinks for information that is incorporated by reference and available on EDGAR will become effective for the Company’s second quarter 2019 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The Company will adopt the provisions of the final rule simplifying certain annual disclosure requirements for its 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The final rule is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statement disclosures or filings with the SEC.

ASC Subtopic 350-40, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software: Customer’s Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement, (“ASC Subtopic 350-40”) was amended by the FASB in August 2018 and is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2020. The amendments to ASC Subtopic 350-40 clarify the accounting treatment for implementation costs incurred by the customer in a cloud computing software arrangement. The amendments allow implementation costs of cloud computing arrangements to be capitalized using the same method prescribed by ASC Subtopic 350-40, Internal-Use Software. The amendments to ASC Subtopic 350-40 will be adopted on a prospective basis and are not expected to have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, was amended to modify the disclosure requirements of fair value measurements, primarily impacting the disclosures for Level 3 fair value measurements. The amendment is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2020 and is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statement disclosures.

ASC Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, (“ASC Topic 326”), was amended to improve the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments, including trade accounts receivable. The amendment is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2020 and is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Management believes there is no other new accounting guidance issued but not yet effective that is relevant to the Company’s current financial statements.

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NOTE B – FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Financial Instruments

The following table presents the components of cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments:

	March 31		December 31
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash deposits(1)	$	104,896	$	124,938
Variable rate demand notes(1)(2)		14,973		19,786
Money market funds(3)		18,530		42,470
U.S. Treasury securities(4)		—		2,992
Total cash and cash equivalents	$	138,399	$	190,186
Short-term investments
Certificates of deposit(1)	$	83,425	$	82,949
U.S. Treasury securities(4)		32,800		23,857
Total short-term investments	$	116,225	$	106,806

⁽¹⁾ Recorded at cost plus accrued interest, which approximates fair value.

⁽²⁾ Amounts may be redeemed on a daily basis with the original issuer.

⁽³⁾ Recorded at fair value as determined by quoted market prices (see amounts presented in the table of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value within this Note).

⁽⁴⁾ Recorded at amortized cost plus accrued interest, which approximates fair value. U.S. Treasury securities with a maturity date within 90 days of the purchase date are classified as cash equivalents. U.S. Treasury securities included in short-term investments are held-to-maturity investments with maturity dates of less than one year.

The Company’s long-term financial instruments are presented in the table of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value within this Note.

Concentrations of Credit Risk of Financial Instruments

The Company is potentially subject to concentrations of credit risk related to its cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments. The Company reduces credit risk by maintaining its cash deposits primarily in FDIC-insured accounts and placing its short-term investments primarily in FDIC-insured certificates of deposit. However, certain cash deposits and certificates of deposit may exceed federally insured limits. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, cash and cash equivalents totaling $65.0 million and $94.7 million, respectively, were neither FDIC insured nor direct obligations of the U.S. government.

Fair Value Disclosure of Financial Instruments

Fair value disclosures are made in accordance with the following hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs of market data and market assumptions used to measure fair value are observable or unobservable:

· Level 1 — Quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets.

· Level 2 — Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

· Level 3 — Unobservable inputs (Company’s market assumptions) that are significant to the valuation model.

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Fair value and carrying value disclosures of financial instruments are presented in the following table:

	March 31				December 31
	2019				2018
	(in thousands)
		Carrying		Fair		Carrying		Fair
		Value		Value		Value		Value
Credit Facility(1)	$	70,000	$	70,000	$	70,000	$	70,000
Accounts receivable securitization borrowings(2)		40,000		40,000		40,000		40,000
Notes payable(3)		166,248		167,568		181,409		181,560
	$	276,248	$	277,568	$	291,409	$	291,560

⁽¹⁾ The revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) carries a variable interest rate based on LIBOR, plus a margin, that is considered to be priced at market for debt instruments having similar terms and collateral requirements (Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy).

⁽²⁾ Borrowings under the Company’s accounts receivable securitization program carry a variable interest rate based on LIBOR, plus a margin. The borrowings are considered to be priced at market for debt instruments having similar terms and collateral requirements (Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy).

⁽³⁾ Fair value of the notes payable was determined using a present value income approach based on quoted interest rates from lending institutions with which the Company would enter into similar transactions (Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy).

12

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table presents the assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

	March 31, 2019
			Fair Value Measurements Using
			Quoted Prices		Significant		Significant
			In Active		Observable		Unobservable
			Markets		Inputs		Inputs
	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
	(in thousands)
Assets:
Money market funds(1)	$	18,530	$	18,530	$	—	$	—
Equity, bond, and money market mutual funds held in trust related to the Voluntary Savings Plan(2)		2,864		2,864		—		—
Interest rate swaps(3)		351		—		351		—
	$	21,745	$	21,394	$	351	$	—

	December 31, 2018
			Fair Value Measurements Using
			Quoted Prices		Significant		Significant
			In Active		Observable		Unobservable
			Markets		Inputs		Inputs
	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
	(in thousands)
Assets:
Money market funds(1)	$	42,470	$	42,470	$	—	$	—
Equity, bond, and money market mutual funds held in trust related to the Voluntary Savings Plan(2)		2,342		2,342		—		—
Interest rate swaps(3)		801		—		801		—
	$	45,613	$	44,812	$	801	$	—
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration(4)	$	4,472	$	—	$	—	$	4,472

⁽¹⁾ Included in cash and cash equivalents.

⁽²⁾ Nonqualified deferred compensation plan investments consist of U.S. and international equity mutual funds, government and corporate bond mutual funds, and money market funds which are held in a trust with a third-party brokerage firm. Included in other long‑term assets, with a corresponding liability reported within other long-term liabilities.

⁽³⁾ Included in other long-term assets. The fair values of the interest rate swaps were determined by discounting future cash flows and receipts based on expected interest rates observed in market interest rate curves adjusted for estimated credit valuation considerations reflecting nonperformance risk of the Company and the counterparty, which are considered to be in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The Company assessed Level 3 inputs as insignificant to the valuation at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and considers the interest rate swap valuations in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

⁽⁴⁾ Included in accrued expenses. At December 31, 2018, the fair value of the contingent consideration for an earn-out agreement related to the September 2016 acquisition of LDS represents the final accrued payment and was based on calculations performed for the earn-out period which ended August 31, 2018. In January 2019, final payment of the contingent consideration was released from an escrow account reported in other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

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NOTE C – GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill by reportable operating segment consisted of $107.7 million and $0.6 million reported in the ArcBest and FleetNet segments, respectively, for both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Intangible assets consisted of the following:

		March 31, 2019						December 31, 2018
	Weighted-Average			Accumulated		Net				Accumulated		Net
	Amortization Period	Cost		Amortization		Value			Cost	Amortization		Value
	(in years)	(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Finite-lived intangible assets
Customer relationships	14	$	60,431	$	25,225	$	35,206	$	60,431	$	24,130	$	36,301
Other	9		1,032		718		314		1,032		684		348
	13		61,463		25,943		35,520		61,463		24,814		36,649
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
Trade name	N/A		32,300		N/A		32,300		32,300		N/A		32,300
Total intangible assets	N/A	$	93,763	$	25,943	$	67,820	$	93,763	$	24,814	$	68,949

The future amortization for intangible assets and software acquired through business acquisitions as of March 31, 2019 were as follows:

			Intangible		Acquired
	Total		Assets		Software(1)
	(in thousands)
Remainder of 2019	$	3,804	$	3,353	$	451
2020		4,471		4,454		17
2021		4,418		4,412		6
2022		4,385		4,385		—
2023		4,287		4,287		—
Thereafter		14,629		14,629		—
Total amortization	$	35,994	$	35,520	$	474

⁽¹⁾ Acquired software is reported in property, plant and equipment.

NOTE D – INCOME TAXES

On December 22, 2017, H.R. 1/Public Law 115-97 which includes tax legislation titled Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Reform Act”) was signed into law. Effective January 1, 2018, the Tax Reform Act reduced the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%. As a result of the Tax Reform Act, the Company recorded a provisional reduction of net deferred income tax liabilities of approximately $24.5 million at December 31, 2017, pursuant to the provisions of ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, which requires the impact of tax law changes to be recognized in the period in which the legislation is enacted. An additional provisional reduction of net deferred income tax liabilities of $2.6 million was recognized at March 31, 2018 related to the reversal of temporary differences through the Company’s fiscal tax year end of February 28, 2018. State tax rates vary among states and average approximately 6.0% to 6.5%, although some state rates are higher and a small number of states do not impose an income tax. The effective tax rate was 25.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2019, and the effective tax benefit rate was 10.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

In addition to the provisional effect on net deferred tax liabilities, the Company recorded a provisional reduction in current income tax expense of $1.3 million and $0.1 million at December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively, as a result of the Tax Reform Act, to reflect the Company’s use of a fiscal year rather than a calendar year for U.S. income tax filing. Due to the fact that the Company’s fiscal tax year included the effective date of the rate change under the Tax Reform Act, taxes were required to be calculated by applying a blended rate to the taxable income for the taxable year ended February 28, 2018. The blended rate is calculated based on the ratio of days in the fiscal year prior to and after the effective

14

date of the rate change. In computing total tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2018, a 32.74% blended federal statutory rate was applied to the two months ended February 28, 2018, and a 21.0% federal statutory rate was applied to the month of March 2018. A federal statutory rate of 21.0% was applied to the three months ended March 31, 2019.

The accounting for the income tax effects of the Tax Reform Act was completed as of December 31, 2018, and all amounts recorded were considered final.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the difference between the Company’s effective tax rate and the federal statutory rate primarily resulted from state income taxes, nondeductible expenses, and changes in the cash surrender value of life insurance. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the difference between the Company’s effective tax rate and the federal statutory rate primarily resulted from the $2.6 million provisional reduction of net deferred income tax liabilities, as previously discussed, and the $1.2 million alternative fuel tax credit related to the year ended December 31, 2017 which was recognized in first quarter 2018 due to the February 2018 passage of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 which retroactively reinstated the alternative fuel tax credit that had previously expired on December 31, 2016. The difference between the Company’s effective tax rate and the federal statutory rate for the three months ended March 31, 2018 also resulted from state income taxes, nondeductible expenses, changes in tax valuation allowances, the tax benefit from the vesting of stock awards, and changes in the cash surrender value of life insurance.

As of March 31, 2019, the Company’s deferred tax liabilities, which will reverse in future years, exceeded the deferred tax assets. The Company evaluated the total deferred tax assets at March 31, 2019 and concluded that, other than for certain deferred tax assets related to state contribution carryforwards, the assets did not exceed the amount for which realization is more likely than not. In making this determination, the Company considered the future reversal of existing taxable temporary differences, future taxable income, and tax planning strategies. Valuation allowances for deferred tax assets totaled $0.1 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

The Company had reserves for uncertain tax positions of $1.0 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

In first quarter of 2019, the Company recorded a deferred tax asset of approximately $19.0 million related to operating lease liabilities and recorded a deferred tax liability of approximately $19.0 million related to operating lease right-of-use assets due to the adoption of ASC Topic 842.

The Company paid federal, state, and foreign income taxes of $6.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019, and paid $1.1 million of foreign and state income taxes during the three months ended March 31, 2018.  The Company received refunds of less than $0.1 million of state income taxes and refunds of $1.0 million of federal and state income taxes that were paid in prior years during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

NOTE E – LEASES

The Company leases, under finance and operating lease arrangements, certain facilities used primarily in the Asset-Based segment service center operations, certain revenue equipment used in the ArcBest segment operations, and certain other office equipment. Operating leases have remaining terms of less than 10 years, some of which include one or more options to renew, with renewal option terms up to five years, and some of which include options to terminate the leases within the next three years. The right-of-use assets and lease liabilities as of March 31, 2019 do not assume the option to early terminate any of the Company’s leases, and all renewal options that have been exercised or are reasonably certain to be exercised as of March 31, 2019 are included in the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. Variable lease cost for operating leases consists of subsequent changes in CPI index, rent payments that are based on usage, and other lease related payments subject to change and not considered fixed payments. All fixed lease and non-lease component payments are combined in determining the right-of-use asset and lease liability.

The Company has a small number of finance leases recorded in property, plant and equipment and long-term debt related to structures and office equipment that are immaterial to the consolidated financial statements.

15

The components of operating lease expense were as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2019
	(Unaudited)
	(in thousands)
Operating lease expense	$	5,339
Variable lease expense		839
Sublease income		(67)
Total operating lease expense	$	6,111
Operating cash flows included in the measurement of lease liabilities	$	5,290

Rental expense for operating leases, excluding expenses related to leases with initial terms of less than one year, totaled approximately $5.0million, net of sublease income, for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating lease liabilities was as follows:

	March 31, 2019
	(in thousands, except lease term and discount rate)
			Land and		Equipment
Operating leases		Total	Structures		and Others
Operating right-of-use assets (long-term)	$	68,737	$	66,684	$	2,053
Operating lease liabilities (current)	$	17,678	$	16,644	$	1,034
Operating lease liabilities (long-term)		54,444		53,442		1,002
Total operating lease liabilities	$	72,122	$	70,086	$	2,036
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)		5.5
Weighted average discount rate		3.96%

Maturities of operating lease liabilities at March 31, 2019 were as follows:

					Equipment
			Land and		and
	Total		Structures		Other
Remainder of 2019	$	15,250	$	14,423	$	827
2020		17,924		16,914		1,010
2021		13,675		13,401		274
2022		9,490		9,490		—
2023		6,748		6,748		—
Thereafter		17,564		17,564		—
Total lease payments		80,651		78,540		2,111
Less imputed interest		(8,529)		(8,454)		(75)
Total	$	72,122	$	70,086	$	2,036

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NOTE F – LONG-TERM DEBT AND FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS

Long-Term Debt Obligations

Long-term debt consisted of borrowings outstanding under the Company’s revolving credit facility and accounts receivable securitization program, both of which are further described in Financing Arrangements within this Note, and notes payable and finance lease obligations related to the financing of revenue equipment (tractors and trailers used primarily in Asset-Based segment operations), real estate, and certain other equipment as follows:

	March 31		December 31
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Credit Facility (interest rate of 3.7%(1) at March 31, 2019)	$	70,000	$	70,000
Accounts receivable securitization borrowings (interest rate of 3.4% at March 31, 2019)		40,000		40,000
Notes payable (weighted-average interest rate of 3.5% at March 31, 2019)		166,248		181,409
Finance lease obligations (weighted-average interest rate of 5.6% at March 31, 2019)		210		266
		276,458		291,675
Less current portion		48,809		54,075
Long-term debt, less current portion	$	227,649	$	237,600

⁽¹⁾ The interest rate swap mitigates interest rate risk by effectively converting $50.0 million of borrowings under the Credit Facility from variable-rate interest to fixed-rate interest with a per annum rate of 3.10% based on the margin of the Credit Facility as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Scheduled maturities of long-term debt obligations as of March 31, 2019 were as follows:

					Accounts
					Receivable
			Credit		Securitization		Notes		Finance Lease
	Total		Facility(1)		Program(1)		Payable		Obligations(2)
	(in thousands)
Due in one year or less	$	57,780	$	2,590	$	1,338	$	53,655	$	197
Due after one year through two years		47,102		2,383		1,220		43,493		6
Due after two years through three years		83,567		2,341		40,698		40,521		7
Due after three years through four years		99,600		70,629		—		28,971		—
Due after four years through five years		11,714		—		—		11,714		—
Due after five years		—		—		—		—		—
Total payments		299,763		77,943		43,256		178,354		210
Less amounts representing interest		23,305		7,943		3,256		12,106		—
Long-term debt	$	276,458	$	70,000	$	40,000	$	166,248	$	210

⁽¹⁾ The future interest payments included in the scheduled maturities due are calculated using variable interest rates based on the LIBOR swap curve, plus the anticipated applicable margin.

⁽²⁾ Minimum payments of finance lease obligations include maximum amounts due under rental adjustment clauses contained in the finance lease agreements.

17

Assets securing notes payable or held under finance leases were included in property, plant and equipment as follows:

	March 31		December 31
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Revenue equipment	$	255,398	$	264,396
Land and structures (service centers)		1,794		1,794
Software		1,484		1,484
Service, office, and other equipment		5,941		5,941
Total assets securing notes payable or held under finance leases		264,617		273,615
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization(1)		82,843		79,961
Net assets securing notes payable or held under finance leases	$	181,774	$	193,654

⁽¹⁾ Amortization of assets under held finance leases and depreciation of assets securing notes payable are included in depreciation expense.

Financing Arrangements

Credit Facility

The Company has a revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) under its Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with an initial maximum credit amount of $200.0 million, including a swing line facility in an aggregate amount of up to $20.0 million and a letter of credit sub-facility providing for the issuance of letters of credit up to an aggregate amount of $20.0 million. The Company may request additional revolving commitments or incremental term loans thereunder up to an aggregate additional amount of $100.0 million, subject to certain additional conditions as provided in the Credit Agreement. As of March 31, 2019, the Company had available borrowing capacity of $130.0 million under the Credit Facility.

Principal payments under the Credit Facility are due upon maturity of the facility on July 7, 2022; however, borrowings may be repaid, at the Company’s discretion, in whole or in part at any time, without penalty, subject to required notice periods and compliance with minimum prepayment amounts. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement can either be, at the Company’s election: (i) at an alternate base rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus a spread; or (ii) at a Eurodollar rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus a spread. The applicable spread is dependent upon the Company’s Adjusted Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement). The Credit Agreement contains conditions, representations and warranties, events of default, and indemnification provisions that are customary for financings of this type, including, but not limited to, a minimum interest coverage ratio, a maximum adjusted leverage ratio, and limitations on incurrence of debt, investments, liens on assets, certain sale and leaseback transactions, transactions with affiliates, mergers, consolidations, purchases and sales of assets, and certain restricted payments. The Company was in compliance with the covenants under the Credit Agreement at March 31, 2019.

Interest Rate Swaps

The Company has a five-year interest rate swap agreement with a $50.0 million notional amount maturing on January 2, 2020. The Company receives floating-rate interest amounts based on one-month LIBOR in exchange for fixed-rate interest payments of 1.85% over the life of the agreement. The interest rate swap mitigates interest rate risk by effectively converting $50.0 million of borrowings under the Credit Facility from variable-rate interest to fixed-rate interest with a per annum rate of 3.10% based on the margin of the Credit Facility as of March 31, 2019. The fair value of the interest rate swap of $0.2 million and $0.3 million was recorded in other long-term assets in the consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

18

In June 2017, the Company entered into a forward-starting interest rate swap agreement with a $50.0 million notional amount which will start on January 2, 2020 upon maturity of the current interest rate swap agreement, and mature on June 30, 2022. The Company will receive floating-rate interest amounts based on one-month LIBOR in exchange for fixed-rate interest payments of 1.99% over the life of the agreement. The interest rate swap mitigates interest rate risk by effectively converting $50.0 million of borrowings under the Credit Facility from variable-rate interest to fixed-rate interest with a per annum rate of 3.24% based on the margin of the Credit Facility as of March 31, 2019. The fair value of the interest rate swap of $0.1 million and $0.5 million was recorded in other long-term assets in the consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

The unrealized gain on the interest rate swap instruments was reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, in stockholders’ equity at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, and the change in the unrealized income on the interest rate swaps for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was reported in other comprehensive loss, net of tax, in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The interest rate swaps are subject to certain customary provisions that could allow the counterparty to request immediate settlement of the fair value liability or asset upon violation of any or all of the provisions. The Company was in compliance with all provisions of the interest rate swap agreements at March 31, 2019.

Accounts Receivable Securitization Program

The Company’s accounts receivable securitization program, which matures on October 1, 2021, allows for cash proceeds of $125.0 million to be provided under the program and has an accordion feature allowing the Company to request additional borrowings up to $25.0 million, subject to certain conditions. Under this program, certain subsidiaries of the Company continuously sell a designated pool of trade accounts receivables to a wholly owned subsidiary which, in turn, may borrow funds on a revolving basis. This wholly owned consolidated subsidiary is a separate bankruptcy-remote entity, and its assets would be available only to satisfy the claims related to the lender’s interest in the trade accounts receivables. Borrowings under the accounts receivable securitization program bear interest based upon LIBOR, plus a margin, and an annual facility fee. The securitization agreement contains representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants, and events of default that are customary for financings of this type, including a maximum adjusted leverage ratio covenant. As of March 31, 2019, $40.0 million was borrowed under the program. The Company was in compliance with the covenants under the accounts receivable securitization program at March 31, 2019.

The accounts receivable securitization program includes a provision under which the Company may request and the letter of credit issuer may issue standby letters of credit, primarily in support of workers’ compensation and third-party casualty claims liabilities in various states in which the Company is self-insured. The outstanding standby letters of credit reduce the availability of borrowings under the program. As of March 31, 2019, standby letters of credit of $14.9 million have been issued under the program, which reduced the available borrowing capacity to $70.1 million.

Letter of Credit Agreements and Surety Bond Programs

As of March 31, 2019, the Company had letters of credit outstanding of $15.5 million (including $14.9 million issued under the accounts receivable securitization program). The Company has programs in place with multiple surety companies for the issuance of surety bonds in support of its self-insurance program. As of March 31, 2019, surety bonds outstanding related to the self-insurance program totaled $48.5 million.

19

NOTE G – PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS

Nonunion Defined Benefit Pension, Supplemental Benefit, and Postretirement Health Benefit Plans

The following is a summary of the components of net periodic benefit cost:

	Three Months Ended March 31
	Nonunion Defined				Supplemental				Postretirement
	Benefit Pension Plan				Benefit Plan				Health Benefit Plan
	2019		2018		2019		2018		2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Service cost	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	80	$	92
Interest cost		318		1,015		10		27		303		209
Expected return on plan assets		(90)		(401)		—		—		—		—
Amortization of prior service credit		—		—		—		—		(9)		(23)
Pension settlement expense		1,356		654		—		—		—		—
Amortization of net actuarial loss(1)		149		778		24		20		225		76
Net periodic benefit cost	$	1,733	$	2,046	$	34	$	47	$	599	$	354

⁽¹⁾ The Company amortizes actuarial losses over the average remaining active service period of the plan participants and does not use a corridor approach.

Nonunion Defined Benefit Pension Plan

In November 2017, an amendment was executed to terminate the nonunion defined benefit pension plan with a termination date of December 31, 2017. In September 2018, the plan received a favorable determination letter from the IRS regarding qualification of the plan termination. Benefit election forms were provided to plan participants during the fourth quarter of 2018 and participants could elect any form of payment allowed by the plan for immediate commencement of payment or defer payment until a later date. The plan began distributing immediate lump sum benefit payments related to the plan termination in fourth quarter 2018 and continued making these distributions in first quarter 2019. The plan received an extension from the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (the “PBGC”) to allow additional time for the plan to administer the settlement of the remaining obligation for deferred benefits through the purchase of nonparticipating annuity contracts from insurance companies, which is expected to occur in second quarter 2019. The Company will make a cash contribution to the plan for the amount, if any, required to fund benefit distributions and annuity contract purchases in excess of plan assets.

The Company recognized pension settlement expense as a component of net periodic benefit cost of the nonunion defined benefit pension plan for the three months ended March 31, 2019 of $1.4 million (pre-tax), or $1.0 million (after-tax), related to $14.9 million of lump-sum benefit distributions from the plan. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, pension settlement expense of $0.7 million (pre-tax), or $0.5 million (after-tax), was recognized related to $4.8 million of lump-sum distributions from the plan.

Pension settlement charges related to the plan termination, including settlements for lump sum benefit distributions and annuity contract purchases will occur in second quarter 2019. Based on estimates as of March 31, 2019 using available actuarial information, second quarter 2019 nonunion pension settlement expense is estimated to be approximately $2.0 million, or $1.5 million after-tax, and cash funding could total approximately $6.0 million, although there can be no assurances in this regard. The final pension settlement charges and the actual amount the Company will be required to contribute to the plan to fund benefit distributions in excess of plan assets cannot be determined at this time, as the actual amounts are dependent on various factors, including the value of plan assets, the amount of lump-sum benefit distributions paid to participants, and the cost of the nonparticipating annuity contracts. Liquidation of plan assets and settlement of plan obligations is expected to be complete in second quarter 2019.

The Company’s short-term rate of return assumption, net of estimated expenses expected to be paid from plan assets, utilized in determining nonunion defined benefit pension expense was lowered from 1.4% for first quarter 2019 to 0.0% for second quarter 2019, as estimated expenses expected to be paid from plan assets are expected to offset investment returns on plan assets which were held in money market mutual funds as of March 31, 2019.

20

The following table discloses the changes in benefit obligations and plan assets of the nonunion defined benefit pension plan for the three months ended March 31, 2019:

	Nonunion Defined
	Benefit Pension Plan
	(in thousands)
Change in benefit obligations
Benefit obligations at December 31, 2018	$	33,373
Interest cost		318
Actuarial gain(1)		(766)
Benefits paid		(14,975)
Benefit obligations at March 31, 2019		17,950
Change in plan assets
Fair value of plan assets at December 31, 2018		26,646
Actual return on plan assets		216
Employer contributions		—
Benefits paid		(14,975)
Fair value of plan assets at March 31, 2019		11,887
Funded status at period end(2)	$	(6,063)
Accumulated benefit obligation	$	17,950

⁽¹⁾ The plan recognized an actuarial gain on lump-sum distributions related to benefit elections for plan termination which had been included in the actuarial estimate for the annuity contract purchase as of the December 31, 2018 measurement date.

⁽²⁾ Recognized within current portion of pension and postretirement liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2019.

Multiemployer Plans

ABF Freight System, Inc. and certain other subsidiaries reported in the Company’s Asset-Based operating segment (“ABF Freight”) contribute to multiemployer pension and health and welfare plans, which have been established pursuant to the Taft-Hartley Act, to provide benefits for its contractual employees. ABF Freight’s contributions generally are based on the time worked by its contractual employees, in accordance with the 2018 ABF NMFA and other related supplemental agreements. ABF Freight recognizes as expense the contractually required contributions for each period and recognizes as a liability any contributions due and unpaid.

The 25 multiemployer pension plans to which ABF Freight contributes vary greatly in size and in funded status. Contribution obligations to these plans are generally specified in the 2018 ABF NMFA, which will remain in effect through June 30, 2023. The funding obligations to the pension plans are intended to satisfy the requirements imposed by the Pension Protection Act of 2006, which was permanently extended by the Multiemployer Pension Reform Act (the “Reform Act”) included in the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act of 2015. Provisions of the Reform Act include, among others, providing qualifying plans the ability to self-correct funding issues, subject to various requirements and restrictions, including applying to the U.S. Department of the Treasury for the reduction of certain accrued benefits. Through the term of its current collective bargaining agreement, ABF Freight’s contribution obligations generally will be satisfied by making the specified contributions when due. However, the Company cannot determine with any certainty the contributions that will be required under future collective bargaining agreements for ABF Freight’s contractual employees. If ABF Freight was to completely withdraw from certain multiemployer pension plans, under current law, ABF Freight would have material liabilities for its share of the unfunded vested liabilities of each such plan.

Approximately one half of ABF Freight’s total contributions to multiemployer pension plans are made to the Central States, Southeast and Southwest Areas Pension Plan (the “Central States Pension Plan”). As set forth in the 2018 Annual Funding Notice for the Central States Pension Plan, the funded percentage of the plan was 27.2% as of January 1, 2018. ABF Freight received a Notice of Critical and Declining Status for the Central States Pension Plan dated March 29, 2019, in which the plan’s actuary certified that, as of January 1, 2019, the plan is in critical and declining status, as defined by the Reform Act. Critical and declining status is applicable to critical status plans that are projected to become insolvent

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anytime within the next 14 plan years, or if the plan is projected to become insolvent within the next 19 plan years and either the plan’s ratio of inactive participants to active participants exceeds two to one or the plan’s funded percentage is less than 80%.

As more fully described in Note I to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of the Company’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, ABF Freight’s multiemployer pension plan obligation with the New England Teamsters and Trucking Industry Pension Fund (the “New England Pension Fund”) was restructured under a transition agreement effective on August 1, 2018, which resulted in a related withdrawal liability for which ABF Freight recognized a one-time charge of $37.9 million (pre-tax) as of June 30, 2018. In accordance with the transition agreement, ABF Freight made an initial lump sum cash payment of $15.1 million in third quarter 2018 and the remainder of the withdrawal liability, which had an initial aggregate present value of $22.8 million, will be settled with monthly payments to the New England Pension Fund over a period of 23 years. In accordance with current tax law, these payments are deductible for income taxes when paid.

As of March 31, 2019, the outstanding withdrawal liability totaled $22.5 million, of which $0.6 million and $21.9 million was recorded in accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities, respectively. The fair value of the obligation was $23.8 million at March 31, 2019, which is equal to the present value of the future withdrawal liability payments, discounted at a 3.9% interest rate determined using the 20-year U.S. Treasury rate plus a spread (Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy).

The multiemployer plan administrators have provided to the Company no other significant changes in information related to multiemployer plans from the information disclosed in the Company’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

NOTE H – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Components of accumulated other comprehensive loss were as follows:

	March 31		December 31
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Pre-tax amounts:
Unrecognized net periodic benefit costs	$	(9,185)	$	(11,821)
Interest rate swap		351		801
Foreign currency translation		(2,512)		(2,816)
Total	$	(11,346)	$	(13,836)
After-tax amounts:
Unrecognized net periodic benefit costs(1)	$	(10,792)	$	(12,749)
Interest rate swap		259		591
Foreign currency translation		(1,855)		(2,080)
Total	$	(12,388)	$	(14,238)

⁽¹⁾ Includes $4.0 million related to a previous valuation allowance on deferred tax assets for nonunion defined benefit pension liabilities which will be reversed to retained earnings upon extinguishment of the nonunion defined benefit pension plan expected to occur in second quarter 2019. The reclassification of stranded income tax effects related to this item is not permitted by ASC Topic 220 which the Company adopted as of January 1, 2018.

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The following is a summary of the changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, by component for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018:

			Unrecognized			Interest	Foreign
			Net Periodic			Rate	Currency
	Total		Benefit Costs			Swap	Translation
	(in thousands)
Balances at December 31, 2018	$	(14,238)	$	(12,749)	$	591	$	(2,080)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		554		661		(332)		225
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		1,296		1,296		—		—
Net current-period other comprehensive income		1,850		1,957		(332)		225
Balances at March 31, 2019	$	(12,388)	$	(10,792)	$	259	$	(1,855)
Balances at December 31, 2017	$	(20,574)	$	(19,715)	$	292	$	(1,151)
Adjustment to beginning balance of accumulated other comprehensive loss for adoption of accounting standard(1)		(3,576)		(3,391)		63		(248)
Balances at January 1, 2018		(24,150)		(23,106)		355		(1,399)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		2,954		2,590		436		(72)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		1,118		1,118		—		—
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)		4,072		3,708		436		(72)
Balances at March 31, 2018	$	(20,078)	$	(19,398)	$	791	$	(1,471)

⁽¹⁾ The Company elected to reclassify the stranded income tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive loss to retained earnings as of January 1, 2018 as a result of adopting an amendment to ASC Topic 220.

The following is a summary of the significant reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss by component:

	Unrecognized Net Periodic
	Benefit Costs(1)(2)
	Three Months Ended March 31
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Amortization of net actuarial loss	$	(398)	$	(874)
Amortization of prior service credit		9		23
Pension settlement expense		(1,356)		(654)
Total, pre-tax		(1,745)		(1,505)
Tax benefit		449		387
Total, net of tax	$	(1,296)	$	(1,118)

⁽¹⁾ Amounts in parentheses indicate increases in expense or loss.

⁽²⁾ These components of accumulated other comprehensive loss are included in the computation of net periodic benefit cost (see Note G).

Dividends on Common Stock

The following table is a summary of dividends declared during the applicable quarter:

	2019				2018
	Per Share		Amount		Per Share		Amount
	(in thousands, except per share data)
First quarter	$	0.08	$	2,052	$	0.08	$	2,058

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On April 30, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.08 per share to stockholders of record as of May 14, 2019.

Treasury Stock

The Company has a program to repurchase its common stock in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. The program has no expiration date but may be terminated at any time at the Board of Directors’ discretion. Repurchases may be made using the Company’s cash reserves or other available sources. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had $22.3 million remaining under the program for repurchases of its common stock. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company purchased 74,385 shares for an aggregate cost of $2.7 million, leaving $19.6 million available for repurchase of common stock under the program.

NOTE I – SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

Stock Awards

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had outstanding restricted stock units granted under the 2005 Ownership Incentive Plan (the “2005 Plan”).

On April 30, 2019, the Company’s stockholders approved the ArcBest Corporation Ownership Incentive Plan (the “Ownership Incentive Plan”), which the Company’s Board of Directors adopted on February 22, 2019 to amend and restate the 2005 Plan. The Ownership Incentive Plan provides for the granting of 4.0 million shares, which may be awarded as incentive and nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), or performance award units.

Restricted Stock Units

A summary of the Company’s restricted stock unit award program is presented below:

		Weighted-Average
		Grant Date
	Units	Fair Value
Outstanding – January 1, 2019	1,436,983	$	25.81
Granted	2,400	$	36.05
Vested	(750)	$	31.09
Forfeited(1)	(920)	$	25.61
Outstanding – March 31, 2019	1,437,713	$	25.83

⁽¹⁾ Forfeitures are recognized as they occur.

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NOTE J – EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31
	2019		2018
	(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Basic
Numerator:
Net income	$	4,888	$	9,954
Effect of unvested restricted stock awards		(9)		(30)
Adjusted net income	$	4,879	$	9,924
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares		25,570,415		25,642,871
Earnings per common share	$	0.19	$	0.39
Diluted
Numerator:
Net income	$	4,888	$	9,954
Effect of unvested restricted stock awards		(9)		(29)
Adjusted net income	$	4,879	$	9,925
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares		25,570,415		25,642,871
Effect of dilutive securities		941,934		953,505
Adjusted weighted-average shares and assumed conversions		26,512,349		26,596,376
Earnings per common share	$	0.18	$	0.37

Under the two-class method of calculating earnings per share, dividends paid and a portion of undistributed net income, but not losses, are allocated to unvested RSUs that receive dividends, which are considered participating securities. Beginning with 2015 grants, the RSU agreements were modified to remove dividend rights; therefore, the RSUs granted subsequent to 2015 are not participating securities. For the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, outstanding stock awards of 0.2 million and 0.1 million, respectively, were not included in the diluted earnings per share calculation because their inclusion would have the effect of increasing the earnings per share.

NOTE K – OPERATING SEGMENT DATA

The Company uses the “management approach” to determine its reportable operating segments, as well as to determine the basis of reporting the operating segment information. The management approach focuses on financial information that the Company’s management uses to make operating decisions. Management uses revenues, operating expense categories, operating ratios, operating income, and key operating statistics to evaluate performance and allocate resources to the Company’s operations.

Shared services represent costs incurred to support all segments, including sales, pricing, customer service, marketing, capacity sourcing functions, human resources, financial services, information technology, legal, and other company-wide services. Certain overhead costs are not attributable to any segment and remain unallocated in “Other and eliminations.” Included in unallocated costs are expenses related to investor relations, legal, the ArcBest Board of Directors, and certain executive compensation. Shared services costs attributable to the operating segments are predominantly allocated based upon estimated and planned resource utilization-related metrics such as estimated shipment levels, number of pricing proposals, or number of personnel supported. The bases for such charges are modified and adjusted by management when necessary or appropriate to reflect fairly and equitably the actual incidence of cost incurred by the operating segments. Management believes the methods used to allocate expenses are reasonable.

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The Company’s reportable operating segments are impacted by seasonal fluctuations which affect tonnage, shipment or service event levels, and demand for services, as described below; therefore, operating results for the interim periods presented may not necessarily be indicative of the results for the fiscal year.

The Company’s reportable operating segments are as follows:

· The Asset-Based segment includes the results of operations of ABF Freight System, Inc. and certain other subsidiaries. The segment operations include national, inter-regional, and regional transportation of general commodities through standard, expedited, and guaranteed LTL services. In addition, the segment operations include freight transportation related to certain consumer household goods self-move services.

Freight shipments and operating costs of the Asset-Based segment can be adversely affected by inclement weather conditions. The second and third calendar quarters of each year usually have the highest tonnage levels while the first quarter generally has the lowest, although other factors, including the state of the U.S. and global economies, may influence quarterly freight tonnage levels.

· The ArcBest segment includes the results of operations of the Company’s service offerings in ground expedite, truckload, truckload-dedicated, intermodal, household goods moving, managed transportation, warehousing and distribution, and international freight transportation for air, ocean, and ground.

ArcBest segment operations are influenced by seasonal fluctuations that impact customers’ supply chains. The second and third calendar quarters of each year usually have the highest shipment levels while the first quarter generally has the lowest, although other factors, including the state of the U.S. and global economies and available capacity in the market, may impact quarterly business levels. Shipments of the ArcBest segment may decline during winter months because of post-holiday slowdowns, but expedite shipments can be subject to short-term increases depending on the impact of weather disruptions to customers’ supply chains. Plant shutdowns during summer months may affect shipments for automotive and manufacturing customers of the ArcBest segment, but severe weather events can result in higher demand for expedite services. Moving services of the ArcBest segment are impacted by seasonal fluctuations, generally resulting in higher business levels in the second and third quarters as the demand for moving services is typically stronger in the summer months.

· FleetNet includes the results of operations of FleetNet America, Inc. and certain other subsidiaries that provide roadside assistance and maintenance management services for commercial vehicles through a network of third-party service providers. FleetNet also provides services to the Asset-Based and ArcBest segments. Approximately 14% of FleetNet’s revenues are for services provided to the Asset-Based and ArcBest segments for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to approximately 4% for the same period of 2018.

Emergency roadside service events of the FleetNet segment are favorably impacted by extreme weather conditions that affect commercial vehicle operations, and the segment’s results of operations will be influenced by seasonal variations in service event volume.

The Company’s other business activities and operating segments that are not reportable include ArcBest Corporation and certain other subsidiaries. Certain costs incurred by the parent holding company and the Company’s shared services subsidiary are allocated to the reporting segments. The Company eliminates intercompany transactions in consolidation. However, the information used by the Company’s management with respect to its reportable segments is before intersegment eliminations of revenues and expenses.

Further classifications of operations or revenues by geographic location are impracticable and, therefore, are not provided. The Company’s foreign operations are not significant.

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The following tables reflect reportable operating segment information:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
REVENUES
Asset-Based	$	506,079	$	482,115
ArcBest		173,204		181,933
FleetNet		53,259		47,759
Other and eliminations		(20,703)		(11,806)
Total consolidated revenues	$	711,839	$	700,001
OPERATING EXPENSES
Asset-Based
Salaries, wages, and benefits	$	280,276	$	269,779
Fuel, supplies, and expenses		64,727		62,193
Operating taxes and licenses		12,398		11,756
Insurance		7,991		6,628
Communications and utilities		4,620		4,521
Depreciation and amortization		20,980		20,930
Rents and purchased transportation		49,912		46,133
Shared services		50,712		45,607
Gain on sale of property and equipment		(34)		(133)
Other		882		1,299
Total Asset-Based		492,464		468,713
ArcBest
Purchased transportation		140,105		148,372
Supplies and expenses		2,774		3,230
Depreciation and amortization		3,151		3,408
Shared services		23,031		21,868
Other		2,413		1,881
Restructuring costs(1)		—		9
Total ArcBest		171,474		178,768
FleetNet		51,771		46,238
Other and eliminations		(12,461)		(6,443)
Total consolidated operating expenses	$	703,248	$	687,276

⁽¹⁾ Restructuring costs relate to the realignment of the Company’s corporate structure as further described in Note N to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of the Company’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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	Three Months Ended
	March 31
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
OPERATING INCOME
Asset-Based	$	13,615	$	13,402
ArcBest		1,730		3,165
FleetNet		1,488		1,521
Other and eliminations		(8,242)		(5,363)
Total consolidated operating income	$	8,591	$	12,725
OTHER INCOME (COSTS)
Interest and dividend income	$	1,478	$	526
Interest and other related financing costs		(2,882)		(2,059)
Other, net(1)		(591)		(2,201)
Total other income (costs)		(1,995)		(3,734)
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES	$	6,596	$	8,991

⁽¹⁾ Includes the components of net periodic benefit cost other than service cost related to the Company’s nonunion pension, SBP, and postretirement plans (see Note G) and proceeds and changes in cash surrender value of life insurance policies.

The following table presents operating expenses by category on a consolidated basis:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
OPERATING EXPENSES
Salaries, wages, and benefits	$	343,668	$	328,757
Rents, purchased transportation, and other costs of services		221,025		223,756
Fuel, supplies, and expenses		79,336		78,646
Depreciation and amortization(1)		26,537		26,486
Other		32,682		29,255
Restructuring costs(2)		—		376
	$	703,248	$	687,276

⁽¹⁾ Includes amortization of intangible assets.

⁽²⁾ Restructuring costs relate to the realignment of the Company’s corporate structure as further described in Note N to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of the Company’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

NOTE L – LEGAL PROCEEDINGS, ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS, AND OTHER EVENTS

The Company is involved in various legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company maintains liability insurance against certain risks arising out of the normal course of its business, subject to certain self-insured retention limits. The Company routinely establishes and reviews the adequacy of reserves for estimated legal, environmental, and self-insurance exposures. While management believes that amounts accrued in the consolidated financial statements are adequate, estimates of these liabilities may change as circumstances develop. Considering amounts recorded, routine legal matters are not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Environmental Matters

The Company’s subsidiaries store fuel for use in tractors and trucks in 62 underground tanks located in 18 states. Maintenance of such tanks is regulated at the federal and, in most cases, state levels. The Company believes it is in substantial compliance with all such regulations. The Company’s underground storage tanks are required to have leak

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detection systems. The Company is not aware of any leaks from such tanks that could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company.

The Company has received notices from the Environmental Protection Agency and others that it has been identified as a potentially responsible party under the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act, or other federal or state environmental statutes, at several hazardous waste sites. After investigating the Company’s involvement in waste disposal or waste generation at such sites, the Company has either agreed to de minimis settlements or determined that its obligations, other than those specifically accrued with respect to such sites, would involve immaterial monetary liability, although there can be no assurances in this regard.

At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company’s reserve, which was reported in accrued expenses, for estimated environmental cleanup costs of properties currently or previously operated by the Company totaled $0.6 million. Amounts accrued reflect management’s best estimate of the future undiscounted exposure related to identified properties based on current environmental regulations, management’s experience with similar environmental matters, and testing performed at certain sites.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITIONAND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

General

ArcBest CorporationTM (together with its subsidiaries, the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our”) provides a comprehensive suite of freight transportation services and integrated logistics solutions. Our operations are conducted through our three reportable operating segments: Asset-Based, which consists of ABF Freight System, Inc. and certain other subsidiaries (“ABF Freight”); ArcBest®, our asset-light logistics operation; and FleetNet®. The ArcBest and the FleetNet reportable segments combined represent our Asset-Light operations. References to the Company, including “we,” “us,” and “our,” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are primarily to the Company and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) describes the principal factors affecting our results of operations, liquidity and capital resources, and critical accounting policies. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the accompanying quarterly unaudited consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. Our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K includes additional information about significant accounting policies, practices, and the transactions that underlie our financial results, as well as a detailed discussion of the most significant risks and uncertainties to which our financial and operating results are subject.

Results of Operations

Consolidated Results

	Three Months Ended
	March 31
	2019		2018
	(in thousands, except per share data)
REVENUES
Asset-Based	$	506,079	$	482,115
ArcBest		173,204		181,933
FleetNet		53,259		47,759
Total Asset-Light		226,463		229,692
Other and eliminations		(20,703)		(11,806)
Total consolidated revenues	$	711,839	$	700,001
OPERATING INCOME
Asset-Based	$	13,615	$	13,402
ArcBest		1,730		3,165
FleetNet		1,488		1,521
Total Asset-Light		3,218		4,686
Other and eliminations		(8,242)		(5,363)
Total consolidated operating income	$	8,591	$	12,725
NET INCOME	$	4,888	$	9,954
DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE	$	0.18	$	0.37

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Our consolidated revenues, which totaled $711.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, increased 1.7% compared to the same prior-year period. The year-over-year increase in consolidated revenues reflects a 5.0% increase in our Asset-Based revenues, partially offset by a 1.4% decrease in revenues of our Asset-Light operations (representing the combined operations of our ArcBest and FleetNet segments) compared to the same prior-year period. Our Asset-Based revenue growth reflects an 8.0% improvement in yield, as measured by billed revenue per hundredweight, including fuel surcharges, for the three‑month period ended March 31, 2019, versus the same period of 2018, reflecting the impact of yield improvement initiatives, partially offset by a 3.1% decrease in total tonnage per day due to a decline in truckload-rated tonnage levels resulting from a more balanced truckload market compared to the prior-year period. The decline in revenues of our Asset-Light operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the same period of 2018, is primarily due to a 6.6% decrease in revenue per shipment and a 1.0% decline in shipments per day for the ArcBest segment, associated with lower market prices and more available capacity in the truckload market compared to the prior-year period; partially offset by revenue improvement for the FleetNet segment on higher service event volume. On a combined basis, the Asset-Light operating segments generated approximately 31% of our total revenues before other revenues and intercompany eliminations for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, consolidated operating income totaled $8.6 million, compared to $12.7 million for the same period of 2018. In addition to the operating results of our operating segments, the year-over-year comparisons of consolidated operating results were impacted by investments in technology, as described below, and higher costs for certain nonunion fringe benefits. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the same prior-year period, expenses for certain nonunion performance-based incentive plans, including long-term incentive plans impacted by the effect of improved returns on capital employed in recent quarters, increased $1.3 million, and nonunion healthcare costs increased $0.9 million. These higher costs were partially offset by a $0.4 million reduction in restructuring charges related to the realignment of our organizational structure, which were reported in the “Other and eliminations” line of consolidated operating income for first quarter 2018, with no comparable costs recognized during first quarter 2019.

The loss reported in the “Other and eliminations” line, which totaled $8.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to $5.4 million for the same period of 2018, includes expenses related to investments to develop and design various ArcBest technology and innovations as well as expenses related to shared services for the delivery of comprehensive transportation and logistics services to ArcBest’s customers. The loss in “Other and eliminations” increased from the prior-year period, primarily due to investments in technology. As a result of these ongoing investments in technology, including the design and development of digital business platforms, and other corporate costs, we expect the loss reported in “Other and eliminations” for second quarter 2019 to approximate $6.0 million and to be approximately $25.0 million for full year 2019.

In addition to the above items, consolidated net income and earnings per share were impacted by nonunion defined benefit pension expense, including settlement, and income from changes in the cash surrender value of variable life insurance policies, both of which are reported below the operating income line in the consolidated statements of operations. A portion of our variable life insurance policies have investments, through separate accounts, in equity and fixed income securities and, therefore, are subject to market volatility. Changes in the cash surrender value of life insurance policies contributed $1.6 million to net income, or $0.06 to diluted earnings per share, for the three-month period ended March 31, 2019, compared to $0.1 million to net income, and no impact on diluted earnings per share, for the same prior-year period.

Consolidated after-tax pension expense, including settlement charges, recognized for the nonunion defined benefit pension plan totaled $1.3 million, or $0.05 per diluted share for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to $1.5 million, or $0.06 per diluted share for the three months ended March 31, 2018.  In November 2017, an amendment was executed to terminate our nonunion defined benefit pension plan with a termination date of December 31, 2017. The plan began distributing immediate lump sum benefit payments related to the plan termination in fourth quarter 2018 and continued making these distributions in first quarter 2019. The plan received an extension from the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (the “PBGC”) to allow additional time for the plan to administer the settlement of the remaining obligation for deferred benefits through the purchase of nonparticipating annuity contracts from insurance companies, which is expected to occur in second quarter 2019.

Based on estimates as of March 31, 2019 using available actuarial information, second quarter 2019 nonunion pension expense, including settlement charges, is estimated to be approximately $2.0 million, or $1.5 million after-tax, and cash

31

funding could total approximately $6.0 million, although there can be no assurances in this regard. The final pension settlement charges and the actual amount we will be required to contribute to the plan to fund benefit distributions in excess of plan assets are dependent on various factors, including the value of plan assets, the amount of lump-sum benefit distributions paid to participants, and the cost to purchase the nonparticipating annuity contracts.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, consolidated net income and earnings per share were impacted by provisional tax benefits of $2.7 million, or $0.10 per diluted share, as a result of recognizing a reasonable estimate of the tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Reform Act”). Consolidated net income and earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2018 were also impacted by a tax credit of $1.2 million, or $0.05 per diluted share, for the February 2018 retroactive reinstatement of the alternative fuel tax credit related to the year ended December 31, 2017. The tax benefits and credits, including the impact of the Tax Reform Act, as well as other changes in the effective tax rates which impacted consolidated net income and earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, are further described within the Income Taxes section of MD&A.

Consolidated Adjusted Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization (“Adjusted EBITDA”)

We report our financial results in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). However, management believes that certain non-GAAP performance measures and ratios, such as Adjusted EBITDA, utilized for internal analysis provide analysts, investors, and others the same information that we use internally for purposes of assessing our core operating performance and provides meaningful comparisons between current and prior period results, as well as important information regarding performance trends. Accordingly, using these measures improves comparability in analyzing our performance because it removes the impact of items from operating results that, in management's opinion, do not reflect our core operating performance. Management uses Adjusted EBITDA as a key measure of performance and for business planning. The measure is particularly meaningful for analysis of our operating performance, because it excludes amortization of acquired intangibles and software of our Asset-Light businesses, which are significant expenses resulting from strategic decisions rather than core daily operations. Additionally, Adjusted EBITDA is a primary component of the financial covenants contained in our Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (see Note F to our consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q). Other companies may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently; therefore, our calculation of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. Non-GAAP financial measures should be viewed in addition to, and not as an alternative for, our reported results. Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as a better measurement than operating income, operating cash flow, net income, or earnings per share, as determined under GAAP.

Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA

	Three Months Ended
	March 31
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Net income	$	4,888	$	9,954
Interest and other related financing costs		2,882		2,059
Income tax provision (benefit)(1)		1,708		(963)
Depreciation and amortization		26,537		26,486
Amortization of share-based compensation		2,058		1,870
Amortization of net actuarial losses of benefit plans and pension settlement expense		1,754		1,528
Restructuring charges(2)		—		376
Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA	$	39,827	$	41,310

⁽¹⁾ Includes provisional tax benefits of $2.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 as a result of recognizing a reasonable estimate of the tax effects of the Tax Reform Act, as further discussed in the Income Taxes section of MD&A and Note D to our consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

⁽²⁾ Restructuring charges relate to the realignment of the Company’s organizational structure. 

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Asset-Based Operations

Asset-Based Segment Overview

The Asset-Based segment consists of ABF Freight System, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of ArcBest Corporation, and certain other subsidiaries (“ABF Freight”). Our Asset-Based operations are affected by general economic conditions, as well as a number of other competitive factors that are more fully described in Item 1 (Business) and in Item 1A (Risk Factors) of Part I of our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10‑K.

The key indicators necessary to understand the operating results of our Asset-Based segment, which are more fully described in the Asset-Based Segment Overview within the Asset-Based Operations section of Results of Operations in Item 7 (MD&A) of Part II of our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, include:

· overall customer demand for Asset-Based transportation services, including the impact of economic factors;

· volume of transportation services provided, primarily measured by average daily shipment weight (“tonnage”), which influences operating leverage as the level of tonnage and number of shipments vary;

· prices obtained for services, primarily measured by yield (“revenue per hundredweight”), including fuel surcharges; and

· ability to manage cost structure, primarily in the area of salaries, wages, and benefits (“labor”), with the total cost structure measured by the percent of operating expenses to revenue levels (“operating ratio”).

As of March 2019, approximately 82% of our Asset-Based segment’s employees were covered under the ABF National Master Freight Agreement (the “2018 ABF NMFA”), the collective bargaining agreement with the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (the “IBT”), which will remain in effect through June 30, 2023.Under the 2018 ABF NMFA, the contractual wage and benefits costs, including the ratification bonuses and vacation restoration, are estimated to increase approximately 2.0% on a compounded annual basis through the end of the agreement. Profit-sharing bonuses based on the Asset-Based segment’s annual operating ratios for any full calendar year under the contract would represent an additional increase in costs under the 2018 ABF NMFA.

Asset-Based Segment Results

The following table sets forth a summary of operating expenses and operating income as a percentage of revenue for the Asset-Based segment:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31
	2019		2018
Asset-Based Operating Expenses (Operating Ratio)
Salaries, wages, and benefits	55.4	%	56.0	%
Fuel, supplies, and expenses	12.8		12.9
Operating taxes and licenses	2.4		2.4
Insurance	1.6		1.4
Communications and utilities	0.9		0.9
Depreciation and amortization	4.1		4.3
Rents and purchased transportation	9.9		9.6
Shared services	10.0		9.4
Gain on sale of property and equipment	—		—
Other	0.2		0.3
	97.3	%	97.2	%
Asset-Based Operating Income	2.7	%	2.8	%

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The following table provides a comparison of key operating statistics for the Asset-Based segment:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31
	2019		2018		% Change
Workdays		63.0		63.5
Billed revenue(1) per hundredweight, including fuel surcharges	$	34.66	$	32.10	8.0	%
Pounds		1,460,818,989		1,519,112,981	(3.8)	%
Pounds per day		23,187,603		23,923,039	(3.1)	%
Shipments per day		19,219		18,634	3.1	%
Shipments per DSY(2) hour		0.434		0.439	(1.1)	%
Pounds per DSY(2) hour		523.21		563.10	(7.1)	%
Pounds per shipment		1,207		1,284	(6.0)	%
Pounds per mile(3)		19.33		20.09	(3.8)	%
Average length of haul (miles)		1,023		1,035	(1.2)	%

⁽¹⁾ Revenue for undelivered freight is deferred for financial statement purposes in accordance with the revenue recognition policy. Billed revenue used for calculating revenue per hundredweight measurements has not been adjusted for the portion of revenue deferred for financial statement purposes.

⁽²⁾ Dock, street, and yard (“DSY”) measures are further discussed in Asset-Based Operating Expenses within this section of Asset-Based Segment Results. The Asset-Based segment uses shipments per DSY hour to measure labor efficiency in its local operations, although total pounds per DSY hour is also a relevant measure when the average shipment size is changing.

⁽³⁾ Total pounds per mile is used to measure labor efficiency of linehaul operations, although this metric is influenced by other factors including freight density, loading efficiency, average length of haul, and the degree to which purchased transportation (including rail service) is used.

Asset-Based Revenues

Asset-Based segment revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2019 totaled $506.1 million, compared to $482.1 million for the same period of 2018. Billed revenue (as described in footnote (1) to the key operating statistics table) increased 4.7% on a per-day basis for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the same prior-year period, primarily reflecting an 8.0% increase in total billed revenue per hundredweight, including fuel surcharges, partially offset by a 3.1% decrease in tonnage per day. The number of workdays was fewer by one half of a day in first quarter 2019, versus first quarter 2018.

The increase in total billed revenue per hundredweight reflects yield improvement initiatives, including general rate increases, contract renewals, continued implementation of CMC pricing, and higher fuel surcharge revenues during the three-month period ended March 31, 2019, compared to the same period of 2018. The Asset-Based segment implemented nominal general rate increases on its LTL base rate tariffs of 5.9% effective February 4, 2019 and April 16, 2018, although the rate changes vary by lane and shipment characteristics. Approximately one third of our Asset-Based business is subject to base LTL tariffs, which are affected by general rate increases, combined with individually negotiated discounts. Rates on the other two thirds of our Asset-Based business, including business priced in the spot market, are subject to individual pricing arrangements that are negotiated at various times throughout the year. Prices on accounts subject to deferred pricing agreements and annually negotiated contracts which were renewed during the three months ended March 31, 2019 increased approximately 4.5%, compared to the same period of 2018. Excluding changes in fuel surcharges, average pricing on the Asset-Based segment’s LTL-rated business during the three months ended March 31, 2019 had a high-single-digit percentage increase, compared to the same period of 2018. The increase in fuel surcharge revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was primarily related to a higher proportion of revenue subject to the fuel surcharge mechanism, compared to the same prior-year period, as the Asset-Based segment’s first quarter 2019 average nominal fuel surcharge rate was relatively unchanged from the first quarter 2018 level. Throughout the first quarter of 2019, the fuel surcharge mechanism generally continued to have market acceptance among customers; however, certain nonstandard pricing arrangements have limited the amount of fuel surcharge recovered. Our standard fuel surcharge program impacts approximately 35% of Asset-Based shipments and primarily affects noncontractual customers. There can be no assurances that the current pricing trend will continue. The competitive environment could limit the Asset-Based segment from securing adequate increases in base LTL freight rates and could limit the amount of fuel surcharge revenue recovered.

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Tonnage per day declined for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the same period of 2018, as low-single digit percentage growth in LTL-rated freight was more than offset by the decrease in volume-quoted, truckload-rated tonnage levels. The decrease in tonnage per day of 3.1% for first quarter 2019, compared to first quarter 2018, reflects a 6.0% decrease in average weight per shipment, partially offset by a 3.1% increase in shipments per day. The decrease in truckload-rated tonnage levels and the lower weight per shipment for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the same period of 2018, reflect the effect of a more balanced truckload market which offers more available capacity for customers to utilize truckload carriers for some of their large-sized shipments in the midst of softer economic conditions.

Asset-Based Revenues — April 2019

The softer than expected freight market we experienced in first quarter 2019, as demonstrated in the lower average weight per shipment with lower tonnage levels but increased shipment counts, compared to the same prior-year period, continued in April 2019. Asset-Based billed revenues for the month of April 2019 increased approximately 1% above April 2018 on a per-day basis, reflecting an increase in total billed revenue per hundredweight of approximately 5%, partially offset by a decrease in average daily total tonnage of approximately 4%. The higher revenue per hundredweight measure benefited from the effect of yield improvement initiatives and a higher mix of LTL-rated business. The year-over-year yield improvement in April 2019, compared to the year-over-year improvement in first quarter 2019, was partially lessened due to the effect of the April 16, 2018 general rate increase on the comparison. In April 2019, LTL-rated tonnage decreased by a low-single-digit percentage, while truckload-rated spot shipments moving in the Asset-Based network decreased by a double-digit percentage, compared to the same prior-year period. Total shipments per day increased approximately 2% in April 2019, compared to April 2018. Total weight per shipment decreased approximately 6% in April 2019, with the weight per shipment on LTL-rated shipments down approximately 4%, versus the same prior-year period, reflecting changes in freight profile and mix.

Asset-Based Operating Income

The Asset-Based segment generated operating income of $13.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to $13.4 million for the same period of 2018. The Asset-Based segment operating ratio increased by 0.1 percentage points for the three months ended March 31, 2019, over the same prior-year period. The Asset-Based segment’s operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the same period of 2018, reflect revenue growth from continued strength in account pricing, partially offset by higher operating costs. The year-over-year operating income comparison was negatively impacted by approximately $2.0 million due to weather events in first quarter 2019 that reduced business levels and unfavorably impacted labor productivity as mentioned in the Asset-Based Operating Expenses section that follows. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, unfavorable experience in third-party casualty claims for the Asset-Based segment resulted in costs which were $1.0 million higher than in the same prior-year period. The segment’s operating ratio was also impacted by changes in operating expenses as discussed in the following paragraphs.

Asset-Based Operating Expenses

Labor costs, which are reported in operating expenses as salaries, wages, and benefits, amounted to 55.4% of Asset-Based segment revenues for the three‑month period ended March 31, 2019, compared to 56.0% for the same period of 2018. The decrease in labor costs as a percentage of revenue was influenced by the effect of higher revenues, as a portion of operating costs are fixed in nature and decrease as a percent of revenue with increases in revenue levels. Salaries, wages, and benefits increased $10.5 million in first quarter 2019, compared to first quarter 2018, primarily reflecting year-over-year increases in contractual wage and benefit contribution rates under the 2018 ABF NMFA and increased labor costs of handling higher shipment levels during the quarter.

The contractual wage rate under the 2018 ABF NMFA increased 1.2% effective July 1, 2018, and the average health, welfare, and pension benefit contribution rate increased approximately 1.3% effective primarily on August 1, 2018. Additional labor costs associated with the 2018 ABF NMFA in first quarter 2019 include $2.2 million related to restoration of one week of vacation and $0.4 million related to the ratification bonus. The additional week of vacation under the new labor agreement is accrued as it is earned for anniversary dates that begin on or after April 1, 2018. The one-time, lump sum ratification bonus was paid during third quarter 2018 and is being amortized over the duration of the contract beginning April 1, 2018. Salaries, wages, and benefits costs for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the same period of 2018, were also impacted by higher expenses for nonunion long-term benefit incentive plans, a portion of which are

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driven by an improved return on capital employed in recent quarters, and higher nonunion healthcare costs due to increases in the average cost per health claim and in the number of claims filed.

Although the Asset-Based segment manages costs with shipment levels, portions of salaries, wages, and benefits are fixed in nature and the adjustments which would otherwise be necessary to align the labor cost structure throughout the system to corresponding tonnage levels are limited as the segment strives to maintain customer service. In the midst of a tight labor market, the Asset-Based segment retained freight handling personnel and drivers in first quarter 2019, despite lower tonnage levels compared to same prior-year period, to maintain customer service levels in preparation for the expected seasonal increase in shipping volume. Although certain productivity measures were negatively impacted by this strategic decision, management believes this service emphasis provides opportunity to generate improved yields and business levels. In addition, severe winter weather events negatively impacted dock and street productivity. As a result, shipments per DSY hour declined 1.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the same prior-year period. Lower weight per shipment contributed to the 7.1% decline in pounds per DSY hour for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the same period of 2018. Pounds per mile declined 3.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the same period of 2018, reflecting freight profile effects, including lower weight per shipment and shorter length of haul on available freight, while also maintaining service delivery schedules.

Rents and purchased transportation as a percentage of revenue increased 0.3 percentage points for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the same period of 2018, primarily due to higher utilization of local transportation agents to maintain customer service on higher shipment levels. In addition, rail miles increased approximately 8% for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the same prior-year period. The Asset-Based segment remains focused on optimizing utilization of owned assets, using purchased transportation agents when necessary to service higher shipment levels which were experienced during first quarter 2019.

Shared services as a percentage of revenue increased 0.6 percentage points for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the same prior-year period, due to enhancing the customer experience and initiatives for more streamlined delivery of customer relationship services which reflect investments in digital advertising, technologies, and personnel. In addition, a portion of the increase in expense is attributable to the effect of improved returns on capital employed in recent quarters on certain nonunion performance-based long-term benefit plans.

Asset-Light Operations

Asset-Light Overview

The ArcBest and FleetNet reportable segments, combined, represent our Asset-Light operations. Our Asset-Light operations are a key component of our strategy to offer customers a single source of end-to-end logistics solutions, designed to satisfy the complex supply chain and unique shipping requirements customers encounter. We have unified our sales, pricing, customer service, marketing, and capacity sourcing functions to better serve our customers through delivery of integrated logistics solutions.

Our Asset-Light operations are affected by general economic conditions, as well as a number of other competitive factors that are more fully described in Item 1 (Business) and in Item 1A (Risk Factors) of Part I of our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10‑K. The key indicators necessary to understand our Asset-Light operating results include:

· customer demand for logistics and premium transportation services combined with economic factors which influence the number of shipments or service events used to measure changes in business levels;

· prices obtained for services, primarily measured by revenue per shipment or event;

· availability of market capacity and cost of purchased transportation to fulfill customer shipments;

· net revenue for the ArcBest segment, which is defined as revenues less purchased transportation costs; and

· management of operating costs.

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Asset-Light Results

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the combined revenues of our Asset-Light operations totaled $226.5 million, compared to $229.7 million, for the same period of 2018. The combined revenues of our Asset-Light operating segments generated approximately 31% of our total revenues before other revenues and intercompany eliminations for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to 32% for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

ArcBest Segment

The following table sets forth a summary of operating expenses and operating income as a percentage of revenue for the ArcBest segment:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31
	2019		2018
ArcBest Segment Operating Expenses (Operating Ratio)
Purchased transportation	80.9	%	81.6	%
Supplies and expenses	1.6		1.8
Depreciation and amortization	1.8		1.9
Shared services	13.3		12.0
Other	1.4		1.0
Restructuring costs	—		—
	99.0	%	98.3	%
ArcBest Segment Operating Income	1.0	%	1.7	%

A comparison of key operating statistics for the ArcBest segment presented in the following table reflects the segment’s combined operations, excluding statistical data related to managed transportation services transactions. Growth in managed transportation services has increased the number of shipments for these services to approximately one-third of the ArcBest segment’s total shipments, while the business represents less than 10% of segment revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Due to the nature of our managed transportation services which typically involve a larger number of shipments at a significantly lower revenue per shipment level than the segment’s other service offerings, inclusion of the managed transportation data would result in key operating statistics which are not representative of the operating results of the segment as a whole. As such, the key operating statistics management uses to evaluate performance of the ArcBest segment exclude managed transportation services transactions.

	Year Over Year % Change
	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2019
Revenue / Shipment		(6.6%)
Shipments / Day		(1.0%)

ArcBest segment revenues totaled $173.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to $181.9 million for the same period of 2018. The 4.8% decrease in revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the same prior-year period, primarily reflects a 6.6% decrease in revenue per shipment associated with lower market prices and fewer shipments on a per-day basis, resulting from a more balanced truckload market in first quarter 2019, compared to tighter available capacity experienced in first quarter 2018. The revenue decline was partially offset by higher demand for managed transportation services and the impact of higher tariffs on the segment’s international services for three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the same period of 2018.

Net revenue, a non-GAAP measure of revenues less costs of purchased transportation (see Reconciliations of Asset-Light Non-GAAP Measures within this Asset-Light Results section), decreased 1.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the same period of 2018, primarily due to the impact of weaker demand for expedite services compared to the strong market for these services in the prior-year period. The decrease in net revenue was partially offset by increased demand for our managed transportation services and yield improvement in our truckload brokerage services.

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The segment’s net revenue margin was 19.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2019, versus 18.4% for the same prior-year period, reflecting a decrease in purchased transportation costs and business mix changes. The decrease in purchased transportation costs of 0.7 percentage points as a percentage of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the same period of 2018, was primarily due to reduced purchased transportation rates in the more balanced truckload market.

Operating income decreased $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the same period of 2018, reflecting the decline in net revenue and increased expenses (primarily reported in the “Shared services” line) toward strategic development of our owner-operator fleet and contract carrier capacity.

ArcBest Segment Revenues – April 2019

Revenues of our ArcBest segment (ArcBest Asset-Light operations, excluding FleetNet) decreased approximately 11% on a per-day basis in April 2019, compared to the same prior-year period. The revenue decrease reflects lower average revenue per shipment and a reduction in daily shipment levels. Net revenue per day decreased approximately 7% in April 2019, compared to the same period of 2018, reflecting lower net revenue per shipment combined with the daily shipment decline. As experienced during first quarter 2019, the more balanced truckload market capacity in April 2019, compared to the tight capacity environment in the prior-year period, has led to lower demand for expedite services and resulted in a reduction in revenue and net revenue for these services versus the same period of 2018.

FleetNet Segment

FleetNet’s revenues totaled $53.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to $47.8 million for the same period of 2018. The 11.5% increase in revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the same period of 2018, was driven by higher service event volume, primarily due to an increase in preventative maintenance service events provided to our Asset-Based segment.

FleetNet’s operating income totaled $1.5 million for each of the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 on higher revenue in first quarter 2019. FleetNet’s operating income margins in first quarter 2019 were impacted by lower revenue per event on maintenance services combined with increased operating costs to service the event growth.

Reconciliations of Asset-Light Non-GAAP Measures

We report our financial results in accordance with GAAP. However, management believes that certain non-GAAP performance measures and ratios utilized for internal analysis provide analysts, investors, and others the same information that we use internally for purposes of assessing our core operating performance and provides meaningful comparisons between current and prior period results, as well as important information regarding performance trends. The use of certain non-GAAP measures improves comparability in analyzing our performance because it removes the impact of items from operating results that, in management's opinion, do not reflect our core operating performance. Other companies may calculate non-GAAP measures differently; therefore, our calculation of Adjusted EBITDA, Net Revenue, and Net Revenue Margin may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. Non-GAAP financial measures should be viewed in addition to, and not as an alternative for, our reported results. These financial measures should not be construed as better measurements than operating income, operating cash flow, net income, or earnings per share, as determined under GAAP.

Net Revenue and Net Revenue Margin

Management uses non-GAAP net revenue, defined as revenues less purchased transportation costs, as a key performance measure of our ArcBest segment which primarily sources transportation services from third-party providers. Non-GAAP net revenue margin for the ArcBest segment is calculated as net revenue divided by revenues.

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ArcBest Segment Net Revenue and Net Revenue Margin

	Three Months Ended
	March 31
	2019		2018		% Change
	(in thousands)
Revenue	$	173,204	$	181,933	(4.8%)
Less purchased transportation		140,105		148,372	(5.6%)
Non-GAAP Net Revenue	$	33,099	$	33,561	(1.4%)
Non-GAAP Net Revenue Margin		19.1%		18.4%

Adjusted Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization (“Adjusted EBITDA”)

Management uses Adjusted EBITDA as a key measure of performance and for business planning. The measure is particularly meaningful for analysisof our Asset-Light businesses, because it excludes amortization of acquired intangibles and software, which are significant expenses resulting from strategic decisions rather than core daily operations. Management also believes Adjusted EBITDA to be relevant and useful information, as EBITDA is a standard measure commonly reported and widely used by analysts, investors, and others to measure financial performance of asset-light businesses and the ability to service debt obligations.

Asset-Light Adjusted EBITDA

	Three Months Ended
	March 31
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
ArcBest Segment
Operating Income(1)	$	1,730	$	3,165
Depreciation and amortization(2)		3,151		3,408
Restructuring charges(3)		—		9
Adjusted EBITDA	$	4,881	$	6,582
FleetNet Segment
Operating Income(1)	$	1,488	$	1,521
Depreciation and amortization		317		279
Adjusted EBITDA	$	1,805	$	1,800
Total Asset-Light
Operating Income(1)	$	3,218	$	4,686
Depreciation and amortization		3,468		3,687
Restructuring charges(3)		—		9
Adjusted EBITDA	$	6,686	$	8,382

⁽¹⁾ The calculation of Adjusted EBITDA as presented in this table begins with operating income, as other income (costs), income taxes, and net income are reported at the consolidated level and not included in the operating segment financial information evaluated by management to make operating decisions. Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA is reconciled to consolidated net income in the Consolidated Results section of Results of Operations.

⁽²⁾ For the ArcBest segment, includes amortization of acquired intangibles of $1.1 million and amortization of acquired software of $0.5 million for each of the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

⁽³⁾ Restructuring costs relate to the realignment of our corporate structure.

Environmental and Legal Matters

We are subject to federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations relating to, among other things: emissions control, transportation or handling of hazardous materials, underground and aboveground storage tanks, stormwater pollution prevention, contingency planning for spills of petroleum products, and disposal of waste oil. We may transport or arrange for the transportation of hazardous materials and explosives, and we operate in industrial areas where truck service centers and other industrial activities are located and where groundwater or other forms of environmental contamination could occur. See Note L to our consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly

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Report on Form 10-Q for further discussion of the environmental matters to which we are subject and the reserves we currently have recorded in our consolidated financial statements for amounts related to such matters.

We are involved in various legal actions, the majority of which arise in the ordinary course of business. We maintain liability insurance against certain risks arising out of the normal course of our business, subject to certain self-insured retention limits. We routinely establish and review the adequacy of reserves for estimated legal, environmental, and self-insurance exposures. While management believes that amounts accrued in the consolidated financial statements are adequate, estimates of these liabilities may change as circumstances develop. Considering amounts recorded, routine legal matters are not expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Information Technology and Cybersecurity

We depend on the proper functioning, availability, and security of our information systems, including communications, data processing, financial, and operating systems, as well as proprietary software programs, that are integral to the efficient operation of our business. Cybersecurity attacks and other cyber incidents that impact the availability, reliability, speed, accuracy, or other proper functioning of these systems or that result in proprietary information or sensitive or confidential data being compromised could have a significant impact on our operations. Any new or enhanced technology that we may develop and implement may also be subject to cybersecurity attacks and may be more prone to related incidents. We also utilize certain software applications provided by third parties and provide underlying data which is utilized by third parties who provide certain outsourced administrative functions, either of which may increase the risk of a cybersecurity incident. Although we strive to carefully select our third-party vendors, we do not control their actions and any problems caused by these third parties, including cyber attacks and security breaches at a vendor, could adversely affect our ability to provide service to our customers and otherwise conduct our business. Our information systems are protected through physical and software safeguards as well as backup systems considered appropriate by management. However, it is not practicable to protect against the possibility of power loss, telecommunications failures, cybersecurity attacks, and other cyber events in every potential circumstance that may arise. To mitigate the potential for such occurrences at our corporate headquarters, we have implemented various systems, including redundant telecommunication facilities; replication of critical data to an offsite location; a fire suppression system to protect our on-site data center; and electrical power protection and generation facilities. We also have a catastrophic disaster recovery plan and alternate processing capability available for our critical data processes in the event of a catastrophe that renders our corporate headquarters unusable.

Our business interruption and cyber insurance would offset losses up to certain coverage limits in the event of a catastrophe or certain cyber incidents; however, losses arising from a catastrophe or significant cyber incident would likely exceed our insurance coverage and could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations and financial condition. Furthermore, a significant disruption in our information technology systems or a significant cyber incident, including denial of service, system failure, security breach, intentional or inadvertent acts by employees or vendors with access to our systems or data, disruption by malware, or other damage, could interrupt or delay our operations, damage our reputation, cause a loss of customers, cause errors or delays in financial reporting, expose us to a risk of loss or litigation, and/or cause us to incur significant time and expense to remedy such an event. We have experienced incidents involving attempted denial of service attacks, malware attacks, and other events intended to disrupt information systems, wrongfully obtain valuable information, or cause other types of malicious events that could have resulted in harm to our business. To date, the systems employed have been effective in identifying these types of events at a point when the impact on our business could be minimized. We must continuously monitor and develop our information technology networks and infrastructure to prevent, detect, address, and mitigate the risk of unauthorized access, misuse, computer viruses, and other events that could have a security impact. We have made and continue to make significant financial investments in technologies and processes to mitigate these risks. We also provide employee awareness training around phishing, malware, and other cyber risks. Management is not aware of any cybersecurity incident that has had a material effect on our operations, although there can be no assurances that a cyber incident that could have a material impact to our operations could not occur.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary sources of liquidity are cash,  cash equivalents, and short-term investments, cash generated by operations, and borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility or accounts receivable securitization program.

Cash Flow and Short-Term Investments

Components of cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments were as follows:

	March 31		December 31
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents(1)	$	138,399	$	190,186
Short-term investments(2)		116,225		106,806
Total(3)	$	254,624	$	296,992

⁽¹⁾ Cash equivalents consist of money market funds, variable rate demand notes, and, at December 31, 2018, U.S. Treasury securities.

⁽²⁾ Short-term investments consist of certificates of deposit and U.S. Treasury securities.

⁽³⁾ Cash, variable rate demand notes, and certificates of deposit are recorded at cost plus accrued interest, which approximates fair value. Money market funds are recorded at fair value based on quoted prices.U.S. Treasury securities are recorded at cost plus amortized premium or discount and accrued interest. At  March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, cash and cash equivalents totaling $65.0 million and $94.7 million, respectively, were neither FDIC insured nor direct obligations of the U.S. government.

Cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments decreased $42.4 million from December 31, 2018 to March 31, 2019. During the three-month period ended March 31, 2019, cash on hand was used to repay $15.2 million of long-term debt; fund $14.5 million of capital expenditures, net of proceeds from asset sales; fund $2.7 million of internally developed software; purchase $2.7 million of treasury stock; and pay dividends of $2.1 million on common stock.

Cash used in operating activities during the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $3.4 million, compared to cash provided by operating activities of $31.8 million in the same prior-year period. The $35.2 million decrease was primarily due to changes in working capital and, to a lesser extent, a decline in operating results. Changes in working capital of $26.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the same period of 2018, were primarily due to decreases in accrued expenses and accounts payable, partially offset by the impact of a decline in accounts receivable due to improvement in the timing of collections in first quarter 2019 versus first quarter 2018. Accrued expenses decreased primarily due to higher payouts in first quarter 2019, versus first quarter 2018, for certain incentive and employee benefit plans which were accrued as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, as a result of improved operating performance in 2018 compared to 2017. Net income declined $5.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, versus the same period of 2018. Adjustments to net income for noncash operating expenses and income taxes contributed $3.3 million to the decrease in cash provided by operating activities in first quarter 2019, compared to first quarter 2018, primarily related to a $6.4 million increase in income taxes paid, net of tax refunds received, partially offset by changes in deferred and current income taxes of $2.7 million as a result of recognizing a reasonable estimate of the tax effects of the Tax Reform Act for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments increased $2.1 million from December 31, 2017 to March 31, 2018. During the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, cash provided by operations of $31.8 million was used to repay $16.6 million of notes payable; fund $6.1 million of capital expenditures, net of proceeds from asset sales; and pay dividends of $2.1 million on common stock.

Financing Arrangements

Our financing arrangements are discussed in Note F to our consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

41

Contractual Obligations

We have purchase obligations, consisting of authorizations to purchase and binding agreements with vendors, relating to revenue equipment used in our Asset-Based operations, other equipment, software, certain service contracts, and other items for which amounts were not accrued in the consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2019. These purchase obligations totaled $110.1 million as of March 31, 2019, with $101.0 million estimated to be paid within the next year, $9.0 million estimated to be paid in the following two-year period, and $0.1 million to be paid within five years, provided that vendors complete their commitments to us. Purchase obligations for revenue equipment and other equipment are included in our 2019 capital expenditure plan. We also have contractual obligations for operating leases, primarily related to our Asset-Based service centers, as of March 31, 2019 which are disclosed in Note E to our consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Our contractual obligations related to our notes payable, which provide financing for revenue equipment and software purchases, totaled $178.4 million, including interest, as of March 31, 2019, a decrease of $16.7 million from December 31, 2018. The scheduled maturities of our long-term debt obligations as of March 31, 2019 are disclosed in Note F to our consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. There have been no other material changes in the contractual obligations disclosed in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10‑K during the three months ended March 31, 2019. 

For 2019, our total capital expenditures, including amounts financed, are estimated to range from $170.0 million to $180.0 million, net of asset sales. These 2019 estimated net capital expenditures include revenue equipment purchases of $90.0 million, primarily for our Asset-Based operations. The remainder of 2019 expected capital expenditures includes real estate projects, costs of other facility and handling equipment for our Asset-Based operations, including forklifts, and technology investments across the enterprise. We have the flexibility to adjust certain planned 2019 capital expenditures as business levels dictate. Depreciation and amortization expense, excluding amortization of intangibles, is estimated to be in a range of $110.0 million to $115.0 million in 2019.

As previously disclosed within the Consolidated Results section of Results of Operations, our nonunion defined benefit pension plan was terminated with an effective date of December 31, 2017 and the liquidation of plan assets and settlement of plan obligations is expected to be complete in second quarter 2019. The Company will make a cash contribution to the plan for the amount, if any, required to fund benefit distributions and nonparticipating annuity contract purchases in excess of plan assets. Cash funding could total approximately $6.0 million in second quarter 2019, although there can be no assurances in this regard, as the actual amount we will be required to contribute to the plan is dependent on various factors, including the value of plan assets, the amount of lump-sum benefit distributions paid to participants, and the cost to purchase the nonparticipating annuity contracts.

ABF Freight System, Inc. and certain other subsidiaries reported in our Asset-Based operating segment contribute to multiemployer health, welfare, and pension plans based generally on the time worked by their contractual employees, as specified in the collective bargaining agreement and other supporting supplemental agreements (see Note G to our consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q).

Other Liquidity Information

Cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments totaled $254.6 million at March 31, 2019. General economic conditions, along with competitive market factors and the related impact on our business, primarily the tonnage and pricing levels that the Asset-Based segment receives for its services, could affect our ability to generate cash from operations and maintain cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments on hand as operating costs increase. Our revolving credit facility (“Credit Facility”) under our Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (“Credit Agreement”) and our accounts receivable securitization program provide available sources of liquidity with flexible borrowing and payment options. We had available borrowing capacity under our Credit Facility and our accounts receivable securitization program of $130.0 million and $70.1 million, respectively, at March 31, 2019. We believe these agreements provide borrowing capacity options necessary for growth of our businesses. We believe existing cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments, cash generated by operations, and amounts available under our Credit Agreement or accounts receivable securitization program will be sufficient to meet our liquidity needs, including financing potential acquisitions and the

42

repayment of amounts due under our financing arrangements, for the foreseeable future. Notes payable, finance leases, and other secured financing may also be used to fund capital expenditures, provided that such arrangements are available and the terms are acceptable to us.

During 2019, we are continuing to take actions to enhance shareholder value with our quarterly dividend payments and treasury stock purchases. On April 30, 2019, our Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.08 per share to stockholders of record as of May 14, 2019. We expect to continue to pay quarterly dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future, although there can be no assurances in this regard since future dividends will be at the discretion of the Board of Directors and are dependent upon our future earnings, capital requirements, and financial condition; contractual restrictions applying to the payment of dividends under our Credit Agreement; and other factors.

We have a program in place to repurchase our common stock in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. The program has no expiration date but may be terminated at any time at the Board of Directors’ discretion. Repurchases may be made using cash reserves or other available sources. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we purchased 74,385 shares of our common stock for an aggregate cost of $2.7 million, leaving $19.6 million available for repurchase under the current buyback program.  

Financial Instruments

We have not historically entered into financial instruments for trading purposes, nor have we historically engaged in a program for fuel price hedging. No such instruments were outstanding as of March 31, 2019. We have interest rate swap agreements in place which are discussed in Note F to our consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Balance Sheet Changes

Operating Right-of-Use Assets

The $68.7 million increase in operating right-of-use assets from December 31, 2018 to March 31, 2019 is due to adoption of Accounting Standards Codification Topic 842, Leases, (“ASC Topic 842”) effective January 1, 2019, and represents the recognition of right to use assets from operating lease agreements in our consolidated balance sheets.

Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses decreased $31.6 million from December 31, 2018 to March 31, 2019, primarily due to payment during the first quarter 2019 of amounts accrued at December 31, 2018 for certain incentive accruals related to our improved operating performance and the current portion of long-term incentive plans, a portion of which are driven by shareholder returns relative to peers, and contributions to defined contribution plans. The impact of these payments was partially offset by an increase in holiday and vacation accruals for union employees related, in part, to the restoration of a week of vacation under the 2018 ABF NMFA.

Current Portion of Operating Lease Liabilities and Operating Lease Liabilities

The $17.7 million and $54.4 million increases in current and long-term operating lease liabilities, respectively, from December 31, 2018 to March 31, 2019, are due to the January 1, 2019 adoption of ASC Topic 842 and represent the recognition of liabilities from operating lease agreements in our consolidated balance sheets.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

At March 31, 2019, our off-balance sheet arrangements for purchase obligations totaled $110.1 million, as previously discussed in the Contractual Obligations section of Liquidity and Capital Resources.

We have no investments, loans, or any other known contractual arrangements with unconsolidated special-purpose entities, variable interest entities, or financial partnerships and have no outstanding loans with executive officers or directors.

43

Income Taxes

Our effective tax rate was 25.9% of pre-tax income for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Our effective tax benefit rate was 10.7% of pre-tax income for the three months ended March 31, 2018. As a result of the Tax Reform Act and our use of a fiscal year rather than a calendar year for U.S. income tax filing, taxes for the tax year ended February 28, 2018 were required to be calculated by applying a blended rate to taxable income. In computing total tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2018, a 32.74% blended rate was applied to the two months ended February 28, 2018, and a 21.0% federal statutory rate was applied to the month of March 2018. A federal statutory rate of 21.0% was applied to the three months ended March 31, 2019.  The average state tax rate, net of the associated federal deduction, is approximately 5%. However, various factors may cause the full-year 2019 tax rate to vary significantly from the statutory rate.

At December 31, 2017, we remeasured deferred federal tax assets and liabilities based on the rate at which they were expected to reverse in the future. Existing deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2017 that were reasonably estimated to reverse in the tax year ending February 28, 2018 were remeasured at a rate of 32.74%. Existing deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2017 that were reasonably estimated to reverse after the tax year ending February 28, 2018 were remeasured at a rate of 21.0%. In the first quarter of 2018, a provisional reduction of net deferred income tax liabilities was recognized related to the reversal of temporary differences through our tax year end of February 28, 2018. As a result, we recognized a provisional deferred tax benefit of $2.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018, which impacted the effective tax benefit rate as noted in the following table. As of December 31, 2018, the accounting for the income tax effects of the Tax Reform Act was complete and all amounts recorded were considered final.

Reconciliation between the effective income tax rate, as computed on income before income taxes, and the statutory federal income tax rate is presented in the following table:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31
	2019				2018
Income tax provision at the statutory federal rate(1)	$	1,385	21.0	%	$	1,888	21.0	%
Federal income tax effects of:
Impact of the Tax Reform Act on deferred tax		—	—	%		(2,591)	(28.8)	%
Impact of the Tax Reform Act on current tax		—	—	%		(59)	(0.6)	%
Alternative fuel credit(2)		—	—	%		(1,203)	(13.4)	%
Nondeductible expenses and other		481	7.2	%		519	5.8	%
Increase in valuation allowances		—	—	%		93	1.0	%
Tax benefit from vested RSUs		(2)	—	%		(20)	(0.2)	%
Life insurance proceeds and changes in cash surrender value		(339)	(5.1)	%		(24)	(0.3)	%
Federal income tax provision (benefit)	$	1,525	23.1	%	$	(1,397)	(15.5)	%
State income tax provision		183	2.8	%		434	4.8	%
Total provision (benefit) for income taxes	$	1,708	25.9	%	$	(963)	(10.7)	%

⁽¹⁾ For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the effect of the change in the U.S. corporate tax rate to 21% in accordance with the Tax Reform Act is reflected in separate components of the reconciliation.

⁽²⁾ The three-month period ended March 31, 2018 was impacted by the February 2018 passage of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 which retroactively reinstated the alternative fuel tax credit that had previously expired on December 31, 2016. The credit was reinstated through December 31, 2017 and the $1.2 million credit related to 2017 was recognized in the first quarter of 2018.

At March 31, 2019, we had $49.0 million of net deferred tax liabilities after valuation allowances. We evaluated the need for a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets at March 31, 2019 by considering the future reversal of existing taxable temporary differences, future taxable income, and available tax planning strategies. Valuation allowances for deferred tax assets totaled $0.1 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. As of March 31, 2019, deferred tax liabilities which will reverse in future years exceeded deferred tax assets.

In first quarter of 2019, we recorded a deferred tax asset of approximately $19.0 million related to our operating lease liabilities and recorded a deferred tax liability of approximately $19.0 million related to our operating lease right-of-use assets due to the adoption of ASC Topic 842. 

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Financial reporting income differs significantly from taxable income because of items such as revenue recognition, accelerated depreciation for tax purposes, pension accounting rules, and a significant number of liabilities such as vacation pay, workers’ compensation, and other liabilities, which, for tax purposes, are generally deductible only when paid. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, income determined under income tax law exceeded financial reporting income.

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we made federal, state, and foreign tax payments of $6.6 million, and received refunds of less than $0.1 million of state income taxes that were paid in prior years. Management does not expect the cash outlays for income taxes will materially exceed reported income tax expense for the foreseeable future.

Critical Accounting Policies

The accounting policies that are “critical,” or the most important, to understand our financial condition and results of operations and that require management to make the most difficult judgments are described in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K. There have been no material changes in the Company’s critical accounting policies during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

New accounting rules and disclosure requirements can significantly impact our reported results and the comparability of financial statements. Accounting pronouncements which have been issued but are not yet effective for our financial statements are disclosed in Note A to our consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Management believes that there is no new accounting guidance issued but not yet effective that will impact our critical accounting policies.

45

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements and information in this report may constitute “forward-looking statements.” Terms such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “foresee,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “predict,” “project,” “scheduled,” “should,” “would,” and similar expressions and the negatives of such terms are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are based on management’s beliefs, assumptions, and expectations based on currently available information, are not guarantees of future performance, and involve certain risks and uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control). Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable as and when made, we cannot provide assurance that our expectations will prove to be correct. Actual outcomes and results could materially differ from what is expressed, implied, or forecasted in these statements due to a number of factors, including, but not limited to: a failure of our information systems, including disruptions or failures of services essential to our operations or upon which our information technology platforms rely, data breach, and/or cybersecurity incidents; untimely or ineffective development and implementation of new or enhanced technology; the loss or reduction of business from large customers; competitive initiatives and pricing pressures; relationships with employees, including unions, and our ability to attract and retain employees; unfavorable terms of, or the inability to reach agreement on, future collective bargaining agreements or a workforce stoppage by our employees covered under ABF Freight’s collective bargaining agreement; the cost, timing, and performance of growth initiatives; general economic conditions and related shifts in market demand that impact the performance and needs of industries we serve and/or limit our customers’ access to adequate financial resources; availability and cost of reliable third-party services; governmental regulations; environmental laws and regulations, including emissions-control regulations; union and nonunion employee wages and benefits, including changes in required contributions to multiemployer plans; our ability to secure independent owner operators and/or operational or regulatory issues related to our use of their services; litigation or claims asserted against us; maintaining our intellectual property rights, brand, and corporate reputation; the loss of key employees or the inability to execute succession planning strategies; default on covenants of financing arrangements and the availability and terms of future financing arrangements; timing and amount of capital expenditures; self-insurance claims and insurance premium costs; the cost, integration, and performance of any recent or future acquisitions; availability of fuel, the effect of volatility in fuel prices and the associated changes in fuel surcharges on securing increases in base freight rates, and the inability to collect fuel surcharges; increased prices for and decreased availability of new revenue equipment, decreases in value of used revenue equipment, and higher costs of equipment-related operating expenses such as maintenance and fuel and related taxes; potential impairment of goodwill and intangible assets; greater than anticipated funding requirements for our nonunion defined benefit pension plan; seasonal fluctuations and adverse weather conditions; regulatory, economic, and other risks arising from our international business; antiterrorism and safety measures; and other financial, operational, and legal risks and uncertainties detailed from time to time in ArcBest’s public filings with the SEC.

For additional information regarding known material factors that could cause our actual results to differ from our projected results, refer to Item 1A (Risk Factors) of Part I of our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made and, other than as required by law, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.

46

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ARCBEST CORPORATION

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Since December 31, 2018, there have been no other significant changes in the Company’s market risks as reported in the Company’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was performed with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s management, including the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2019.

There were no changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting.

47

PART II.

OTHER INFORMATION

ARCBEST CORPORATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

For information related to the Company’s legal proceedings, see Note L, Legal Proceedings, Environmental Matters, and Other Events under Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

The Company’s risk factors are fully described in the Company’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K. No material changes to the Company’s risk factors have occurred since the Company filed its 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

On April 10, 2019, the Company received a comment letter from the SEC regarding certain disclosures in Item 7 (MD&A) of Part II of its 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Company’s response to the comment letter was submitted to the SEC within the requested timeframe.  As of the date of the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Company has not received additional correspondence from the SEC related to the comment letter.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

(a)Recent sales of unregistered securities.

None.

(b)Use of proceeds from registered securities.

None.

(c)Purchases of equity securities by the issuer and affiliated purchasers.

				Total Number of	Maximum
				Shares Purchased	Approximate Dollar
	Total Number	Average		as Part of Publicly	Value of Shares that
	of Shares	Price Paid		Announced	May Yet Be Purchased
	Purchased	Per Share(1)		Program	Under the Program(2)
	(in thousands, except share and per share data)
1/1/2019-1/31/2019	—	$	—	—	$	22,307
2/1/2019-2/28/2019	49,385		36.77	49,385	$	20,491
3/1/2019-3/31/2019	25,000		33.88	25,000	$	19,644
Total	74,385	$	35.80	74,385

⁽¹⁾ Represents the weighted average price paid per common share including commission.

⁽²⁾ In January 2003, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a $25.0 million common stock repurchase program. The Board of Directors authorized an additional $50.0 million to the current program in July 2005. In October 2015, the Board of Directors extended the share repurchase program, making a total of $50.0 million available for purchases.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

48

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

The following exhibits are filed or furnished with this report or are incorporated by reference to previously filed material:

Exhibit
No.
3.1	Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (previously filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 28, 2019, File No. 000-19969, and incorporated herein by reference).
3.2	Certificate of Amendment to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (previously filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on April 24, 2009, File No. 000-19969, and incorporated herein by reference).
3.3	Fifth Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company dated as of October 31, 2016 (previously filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on November 4, 2016, File No. 000-19969, and incorporated herein by reference).
3.4	Certificate of Ownership and Merger, effective May 1, 2014, as filed on April 29, 2014 with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (previously filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8‑K, filed with the SEC on April 30, 2014, File No. 000-19969, and incorporated herein by reference).
10.1#	ArcBest Corporation Ownership Incentive Plan (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on May 6, 2019, File No. 000-19969, and incorporated herein by reference).
10.2#*	The ArcBest 16b Annual Incentive Compensation Plan and form of award.
10.3#*	The ArcBest Long-Term (3-Year) Incentive Compensation Plan and form of award.
10.4#*	Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (Non-Employee Directors – with deferral feature).
10.5#*	Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (Employees).
31.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32**	Certifications Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS*	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

#Designates a compensation plan or arrangement for directors or executive officers.

*     Filed herewith.

**   Furnished herewith.

49

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

	ARCBEST CORPORATION
	(Registrant)
Date: May 9, 2019	/s/ Judy R. McReynolds
	Judy R. McReynolds
	Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
	and Principal Executive Officer
Date: May 9, 2019	/s/ David R. Cobb
	David R. Cobb
	Vice President — Chief Financial Officer
	and Principal Financial Officer

50

EX-10.2

Exhibit 10.2

[      ] Schedule – ArcBest 16b Annual Incentive Compensation Plan

Page 1 of 10

 [       ] Schedule 

ArcBest 16b Annual Incentive Compensation Plan

Pursuant to the Executive Officer Incentive Compensation Plan (the “Governing Plan”), the Compensation Committee of the ArcBest Corporation Board of Directors (the “Compensation Committee”) has adopted the following Individual Award Opportunities, Performance Measures, and Participants for ArcBest Corporation and its subsidiaries for the [        ] – ArcBest 16b Annual Incentive Compensation Plan (the “[       ] Plan”). The Compensation Committee has determined that the [        ] Plan incentive will include the following components:

[           ] Operating Income (“Operating Income Component”)	50% weighting
ROCE Component	50% weighting

The weighting of the components is determined by the Compensation Committee for each Measurement Period.

I.  Defined Terms

A.  Base Salary for Executive Officers.    Base Salary for Executive Officers is defined as an Executive Officer’s total base salary earned, while an eligible Participant in the [       ] Plan, for the designated Measurement Period, but in no event shall the Base Salary for an Executive Officer exceed the monthly base salary for the Executive Officer as most recently approved by the Compensation Committee as of the end of the day on which the Plan is approved for the Measurement Period or, if later, the day on which the Participant becomes an Executive Officer with a salary approved by the Compensation Committee, multiplied by twelve, multiplied by 150%.  Base Salary is not reduced by any voluntary salary reductions or any salary reduction contributions made to any salary reduction plan, defined contribution plan or other deferred compensation plans of the Company, but does not include any payments under the Governing Plan, any stock option or other type of equity plan, or any other bonuses, incentive pay or special awards.

B.  Base Salary. Base Salary for Participants other than Executive Officers is defined as a  Participant’s total base salary earned, while an eligible Participant in the [      ] Plan, for the designated Measurement Period.  Base Salary is not reduced by any voluntary salary reductions or any salary reduction contribution made to any salary reduction plan, defined contribution plan or other deferred compensation plans of the Company, but does not include any payments under the Governing Plan, any stock option or other type of equity plan, or any other bonuses, incentive pay or special awards.

C.  Cause.  Cause shall mean (i) Participant’s gross misconduct or fraud in the performance of Participant’s duties to the Company or any Subsidiary; (ii) Participant’s conviction or guilty plea or pleas of nolo contendere with respect to any felony or act of moral turpitude; (iii) Participant’s engaging in any material act of theft or material misappropriation of Company or any Subsidiary’s property, or (iv) Participant’s material breach of the Company’s Code of Conduct, as such Code may be revised from time to time. 

D.  Good Reason. Good Reason shall mean (i) any material adverse diminution in Participant’s title, duties, or responsibilities; (ii) any reduction in Participant’s base salary or employee benefits (including reducing Participant’s level of participation or bonus award opportunity in the Company’s or a Subsidiary’s incentive compensation plans) or (iii) a relocation of Participant’s principal place of employment by more than 50 miles without the prior consent of Participant.

E.  Measurement Period.  The Measurement Period is 1/1/[       ] to 12/31/[       ]. 

F.  Qualified Termination. Qualified Termination shall mean, within 24 full calendar months after a Change in Control, as defined in the Executive Officer Incentive Compensation Plan, a participant’s separation from service by the Company (or an Affiliate of the Company) without Cause (and not as a result of the Participant’s death or Disability), or by the Participant for Good Reason.

[      ] Schedule – ArcBest 16b Annual Incentive Compensation Plan

Page 2 of 10

G.   Retirement. Retirement shall mean Participant’s retirement from active employment at or after age 65 or retirement from the Company or Subsidiary at or after age 55, so long as the Participant has, as of the date of such retirement, at least 10 years of service with the Company or any Subsidiary. Officers and/or Executive Officers must be a Participant in the Plan during the Plan Year for not less than ninety (90) days prior to his or her Retirement to be eligible for an incentive under the [       ] Plan.

II.  Participants

Eligible Participants in the [       ] Plan are listed in Appendix C  and certain employees or positions may be specifically included or excluded by the Compensation Committee.

If you are promoted to an eligible position after November 30, [       ], you will not be eligible to participate in the [       ] Plan.

If an Eligible Participant in the [       ] Plan also participates in the ArcBest Corporation 2012 Change in Control Plan, the terms of the ArcBest Corporation 2012 Change in Control Plan shall govern.

III. Corporate Performance Metrics

Operating Income Component: The Individual Award Opportunities provided by the Operating Income Component are based on (a) achieving certain levels of Operating Income in [       ], and (b) Your Target Payout Factor Earned. The formula below illustrates how your incentive is computed: 

Your Incentive Payment= [Performance Factor Earned x Your Target Payout Factor x Your Base Salary x the Operating Income Component Weighting]

A. Performance Factor Earned. Performance Factor Earned is shown in Appendix A and depends on the Operating Income achieved.

B. Target Payout Factor.  Your Target Payout Factor is a percentage of your Base Salary. The Target Payout Factors are listed in Appendix C.

ROCE Component: The Individual Award Opportunities provided by the ROCE Component are based on (a) achieving certain levels of performance for ArcBest’s Consolidated Return on Capital Employed (“ROCE”) and (b) your Target Payout Factor. The formula below illustrates how your incentive is computed: 

Your Incentive Payment = [Performance Factor Earned x Your Target Payout Factor x Your Base Salary x the ROCE Component Weighting]

A. Performance Factor Earned. Performance Factor Earned is shown in Appendix B and depends on the ROCE achieved by ArcBest for the year.

B. Target Payout Factor. Your Target Payout Factor is a percentage of your Base Salary. The Target Payout Factors are listed in Appendix C.

If the performance result falls between two rows on Appendix A or Appendix B, interpolation is used to determine the factor used in the computation of the incentive.

The Compensation Committee has established maximum incentive amounts based on a maximum Performance Factor Earned of 200%  of your Target Payout Factor for the Operating Income Component and 300% of your

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[      ] Schedule – ArcBest 16b Annual Incentive Compensation Plan

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Target Payout Factor for the ROCE Component subject to the applicable weighting for each component as provided in Appendix A and Appendix B.

IV. Effect of a Change in Control

Change in Control. Upon the occurrence of a Qualified Termination following a Change in Control, Participant shall be entitled to immediate payment of the greater of the following:

                   (a)   The amount computed under the Plan based on 100% of the Participant’s “Target Payout Factor” in Appendix C using the date of the Change in Control as the end of the Measurement Period, or

           (b)   The amount computed under the Plan based on the actual percentage of Performance Factor Earned in Appendix A and Appendix B, calculated as if the Measurement Period ended on the date of the Change in Control.

V.  Payment of Award

Payment will be made as soon as practicable following the end of the Measurement Period, and in any event, no later than 2 ½ months after the end of the Measurement Period.

VI. Annual Incentive Compensation Plan

Defined terms in this [       ]  ArcBest 16b Annual Incentive Compensation Plan Schedule shall have the same meaning as in the Executive Officer Incentive Compensation Plan except where the context otherwise requires.

3

[      ] Schedule – ArcBest 16b Annual Incentive Compensation Plan

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Schedule A

[       ] Plan – Operating Income Component

ArcBest 16b Annual Incentive Compensation Plan

Pursuant to the Executive Officer Incentive Compensation Plan (the “Governing Plan”), the Compensation Committee of the ArcBest Corporation Board of Directors (“Compensation Committee”) has adopted this Operating Income Component as a component of the [       ] Plan, including the following Individual Award Opportunities and Performance Measures for ArcBest Corporation and its subsidiaries. 

I. Performance Measure

[       ] Operating Income is defined as operating income as shown by the consolidated financial statements and consistent with the historical determination of operating income in ArcBest’s consolidated financial statements after taking into account the Section II Required Adjustments.

II. Required Adjustments

The following adjustments shall be made when calculating Operating Income:

(i) add back any annual or long-term incentive compensation accruals for nonunion employees of ArcBest and all subsidiaries related to plans that have performance metrics based solely on annual performance when determining Operating Income;

(ii) add back the direct third-party expenses associated with an acquisition by ArcBest or any Subsidiary;

(iii) exclude the operating results (all revenue and expenses) for any business acquired between the beginning of the Measurement Period and the end of the Measurement Period;

(iv) exclude expenses resulting directly from reorganization and restructuring programs for which amounts are publicly disclosed;

(v) exclude increases or decreases in Operating Income resulting from any extraordinary, unusual or non-recurring item as determined by the Compensation Committee in its discretion provided such item is described, at the time the performance goal is established, in a manner that is objectively determinable; 

(vi) exclude increases or decreases in Operating Income resulting from any change in accounting principle (other than the change in accounting principle under ASC 606) as defined in the Accounting Standards Codification topic(s) that replaced or were formerly known as Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Statement 154, as amended or superseded; 

(vii) exclude any loss from a discontinued operation as described in the Accounting Standards Codification topic(s) as they existed at December 31, 2013, that replaced or were formerly known as FASB Statement 144, as amended or superseded; 

(viii) exclude goodwill impairment charges; and

(ix) exclude settlement accounting charges incurred that relate to the qualified defined benefit pension plan.

III. Discretionary Adjustments

Prior to a Change in  Control, the Compensation Committee may reduce any Participant’s Final Award if the Compensation Committee determines, in its sole discretion, that events have occurred or facts have become known which would make a reduction appropriate and equitable.

4

[       ] Schedule – ArcBest 16b Annual Incentive Compensation Plan

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Schedule B

[       ] Plan – ROCE Plan Component

ArcBest 16b Annual Incentive Compensation Plan

Pursuant to the Executive Officer Incentive Compensation Plan (the “Governing Plan”), the Compensation Committee of the ArcBest Corporation Board of Directors (“Compensation Committee”) has adopted this ROCE Component as a component of the [       ] Plan, including the following Individual Award Opportunities and Performance Measures for ArcBest Corporation and its subsidiaries.  

I. Performance Measure

ROCE for ArcBest is calculated as the following ratio:

Net Income + After-tax Effect of Interest Expense

+ After-tax Effect of Imputed Interest Expense +  After-tax Effect of Amortization of intangibles

– After-tax Effect of Income from

Cash and Short-term Investments Attributable to the reduction in Average Debt

Average Equity + Average Debt + Average Imputed Debt

“Net Income” for the ROCE calculation is consolidated net income determined in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles after taking into account the Section II Required Adjustments. 

“Interest Expense” for the ROCE calculation is (i) interest on all long and short-term indebtedness, including capital leases, and other interest bearing obligations, and (ii) deferred financing cost amortization and other financing costs including letters of credit fees, reduced by the amount of interest expense on debt not included in Average Debt as defined below.

“Imputed Interest Expense” consists of the interest attributable to Average Imputed Debt assuming an interest rate of 7.5%.

“Average Debt” is the average of the beginning of the year and the end of the year current and long-term debt, with beginning of the year and end of the year current and long-term debt reduced by the respective amount of the beginning of the year and end of the year total of unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, and limited to a reduction of debt to zero. 

“Average Equity” is the average of the beginning of the Measurement Period and the end of the Measurement Period stockholder’s equity. 

“Average Imputed Debt” consists of the average of the beginning of the year and the end of the year present value of all payments determined using an interest rate of 7.5% on operating leases of revenue equipment with an initial term of more than two years.

“Amortization of intangibles” consists of amortization of intangibles and depreciation of software related to acquired businesses including any writedown or impairment charge related to those assets.

“Income from Cash and Short-term Investments Attributable to the reduction in Average Debt” consists of income earned on the amount by which Average Debt is reduced at the average interest rate earned in cash and short-term investments for the measurement period.

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[       ] Schedule – ArcBest 16b Annual Incentive Compensation Plan

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II.  Required Adjustments

The following adjustments shall be made when calculating ROCE:

(i) add back any after-tax annual or long-term incentive compensation accruals for nonunion employees of ArcBest and all subsidiaries when determining Net Income;

(ii) add back after-tax direct third party expenses associated with an acquisition by ArcBest or any Subsidiary;

(iii) exclude the net results (all revenue, expenses and taxes) for any business acquired between the beginning of the Measurement Period and the end of the Measurement Period from the numerator of the ratio and exclude any Acquisition Debt attributable to the business acquired (either directly held by the business or incurred to acquire the business) from the denominator in the ratio calculation;

(iv) exclude decreases in Net Income resulting directly from reorganization and restructuring programs for which amounts are publicly disclosed;

(v) exclude increases or decreases to ROCE resulting from any extraordinary, unusual or non-recurring item as determined by the Compensation Committee in its discretion provided such item is described, at the time the performance goal is established, in a manner that is objectively determinable; 

(vi) exclude increases or decreases in Net Income resulting from any change in accounting principle (other than the change in accounting principle under ASC 606) as defined in the Accounting Standards Codification topic(s) that replaced or were formerly known as Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Statement 154, as amended or superseded; 

(vii) exclude any loss from a discontinued operation as described in the Accounting Standards Codification topic(s) as they existed as of December 31, 2013 that replaced or were formerly known as FASB Statement 144, as amended or superseded; 

(viii) exclude the effect on ROCE of changes to net income, equity and debt as a result of any change in accounting principle as defined in the Accounting Standards Codification topic(s) that replaced or were formerly known as Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 30, as amended or superseded;

(ix) exclude the effect of changes in federal income tax law or regulations affecting reported results during the Measurement Period including increases or decreases in tax rates, changes in the taxability or deductibility of any item of income or expense or the addition or elimination of tax credits. A change for this purpose will be as compared to the laws and regulations in effect on January 1, [       ], without consideration of any retroactive changes in tax law after January 1, [       ];  

(x) exclude goodwill impairment charges; and

(xi) exclude after-tax settlement accounting charges incurred that relate to the qualified defined benefit pension plan.

III. Discretionary Adjustments

Prior to a Change in  Control, the Compensation Committee may reduce any Participant’s Final Award if the Compensation Committee determines, in its sole discretion, that events have occurred or facts have become known which would make a reduction appropriate and equitable.

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Appendix A

Operating Income Component

	[       ] Operating Income	Performance Factor Earned
		0%
Threshold	As approved annually	25%
Target	by the Compensation	100%
Maximum	Committee	200%
		200%

Operating Income Component Weighting: 50%

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Appendix B

[       ] ROCE Component

	Return on Capital Employed (“ROCE”)	Performance Factor Earned
	Less than 8%	0%
Threshold	8%	50%
Target	13%	100%
Maximum	18%	300%
	Greater than 18%	300%

ROCE Component Weighting: 50%

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Appendix C

Target Payout Factors

Participants/Job Title	Target Payout Factor
ArcBest Chairman, President & CEO	[    ]%
ABF Freight President ArcBest Vice President – CFO	[   ]%
ArcBest, COO, Asset-Light Logistics AB Tech President and ArcBest SVP - CINO	[   ]%
ArcBest Vice President – General Counsel & Corporate Sec. ArcBest Vice President – Chief Human Resources Officer ArcBest Vice President – Chief Sales Officer ArcBest Vice President – Chief Yield Officer ArcBest Vice President – Chief Customer Experience Officer	[   ]%
ArcBest Vice President – Controller ArcBest Vice President – Customer Solutions	[   ]%

9

EX-10.3

Exhibit 10.3

ArcBest

Long-Term (3-Year) Incentive Compensation Plan 

Pursuant to the ArcBest Corporation (“ArcBest” or “Company”) Executive Officer Incentive Compensation Plan, the Compensation Committee of the ArcBest Corporation Board of Directors (the “Compensation Committee”) has adopted the “Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan” (the “Plan”) and has determined that the Plan will include the following components for the three-year period beginning 1/1/[       ] and ending 12/31/[       ]:

ROCE Component	50% weighting
Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”) Component	50% weighting

The ROCE Component weighting and TSR Component weighting are determined by the Compensation Committee for each Measurement Period.

I. Defined Terms

Base Salary. Base Salaryfor participants other than Executive Officers is defined as total base salary earned, while an eligible participant in the Plan, for the Measurement Period divided by the number of months in the Measurement Period multiplied by twelve. Base Salary is not reduced by any voluntary salary reductions or any salary reduction contributions made to any salary reduction plan, defined contribution plan or other deferred compensation plans of the Company, but does not include any payments under the Plan, any stock option or other type of equity plan, or any other bonuses, incentive pay or special awards.

Base Salary for Executive Officers.   Base Salary for Executive Officers is defined as total base salary earned, while an eligible participant in the Plan, for the Measurement Period divided by the number of months in the Measurement Period multiplied by twelve, but in no event shall the Base Salary for an Executive Officer exceed the monthly base salary for the Executive Officer as most recently approved by the Compensation Committee as of the end of the day on which the Plan is approved for the Measurement Period, multiplied by twelve, multiplied by 200%.  Base Salary is not reduced by any voluntary salary reductions or any salary reduction contributions made to any salary reduction plan, defined contribution plan or other deferred compensation plans of the Company, but does not include any payments under the Plan, any stock option or other type of equity plan, or any other bonuses, incentive pay or special awards.

Cause.  Cause shall mean (i) Participant’s gross misconduct or fraud in the performance of Participant’s duties to the Company or any Subsidiary; (ii) Participant’s conviction or guilty plea or pleas of nolo contendere with respect to any felony or act of moral turpitude; (iii) Participant’s engaging in any material act of theft or material misappropriation of Company or any Subsidiary’s property, or (iv) Participant’s material breach of the Company’s Code of Conduct, as such Code may be revised from time to time. 

Disability.  Disability shall mean a condition under which the Participant either (A) is unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of medically determinable physical or mental impairment that can be expected to result in death or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than twelve months, or (B) is, by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment that can be expected to result in death or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than three months under an accident or health plan covering employees of the Company or any Subsidiary.  

Good Reason. Good Reason shall mean (i) any material adverse diminution in Participant’s title, duties, or responsibilities; (ii) any reduction in Participant’s base salary or employee benefits (including reducing Participant’s level of participation or bonus award opportunity in the Company’s or a Subsidiary’s incentive compensation plans) or (iii) a relocation of Participant’s principal place of employment by more than 50 miles without the prior consent of Participant.

Measurement Period.  The Measurement Period is 1/1/[       ] to 12/31/[       ].

ArcBest Corporation.

[       ] Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan

Qualified Termination.  Qualified Termination shall mean, within 24 full calendar months after a Change in Control, as defined in the Executive Officer Incentive Compensation Plan, a participant’s Separation from Service by the Company (or an Affiliate of the Company) without Cause (and not as a result of the Participant’s death or Disability), or by the Participant for Good Reason.

Retirement.  Retirement shall mean Participant’s retirement from active employment at or after age 65 or retirement from the Company or Subsidiary at or after age 55, so long as the Participant has, as of the date of such retirement, at least 10 years of service with the Company or any Subsidiary.

II. Participants

Participants in the Plan (who are not active participants in ArcBest or a Subsidiary’s Supplemental Benefit Plan or Deferred Salary Agreement program or who selected Option 1 for their 12/31/2009 SBP Freeze election)  are listed in Appendix C and certain employees may be specifically included or excluded by the Compensation Committee. For purposes of Appendix C, the term “ArcBest’ refers to both ArcBest Corporation and ArcBest II, Inc.

An employee may not become a Participant after the end of the 12th month of the Measurement Period.

If an Eligible Participant in the Plan also participates in the ArcBest Corporation 2012 Change in Control Plan, the terms of the ArcBest Corporation 2012 Change in Control Plan shall govern.

III.  Corporate Performance Metrics

ROCE Component:The Individual Award Opportunities provided by the ROCE Component are based on (a) achieving certain levels of performance for ArcBest’s consolidated Return on Capital Employed (“ROCE”) and (b) your Target Payout Factor.  The formula below illustrates how your incentive is computed: 

Your Incentive Payment = [Performance Factor Earned x Your Target Payout Factor x Your Base Salary x the ROCE Component Weighting].

If your job position changes during the Measurement Period, your Incentive Payment will be prorated based on the Base Salary you receive while you are in an eligible Job Position listed in the Plan, the applicable Performance Factor Earned and Your Target Payout Factor. If you die, are Disabled or Retire as provided for under Section IV  of the ROCE Component, your Incentive Payment will be prorated based on the Base Salary you receive from the beginning of the Measurement Period until the applicable date of death, Disability or retirement date. 

A. Performance Factor Earned. Performance Factor Earned is shown in Appendix A and depends on the ROCE achieved by ArcBest for the Measurement Period.

B. Target Payout Factor.  Your Target Payout Factor is a percentage of your Base Salary.  The Target Payout Factors are listed in Appendix C.  

TSR Component:The Individual Award Opportunities provided by the TSR Component are based on (a) the percentile rank of the Company’s Compounded Annual Growth Rate (“CAGR”) of Total Shareholder Return relative to the Peer Companies over the Measurement Period and (b) your Target Payout Factor.  At the end of the Measurement Period, the percentile rank of the Company’s CAGR Total Shareholder Return will be calculated. Any Peer Company that is no longer publicly traded shall be excluded from this calculation. The formula below illustrates how this portion of your incentive is computed: 

Your Incentive Payment = [Performance Factor Earned x Your Target Payout Factor x Your Base Salary x TSR Component Weighting].

2

ArcBest Corporation.

[       ] Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan

If you become eligible to participate in the Plan during the first 12 months of the Measurement Period, your Incentive Payment will be prorated based on the Base Salary you receive while you are in an eligible Job Position listed in the Plan, the applicable Performance Factor Earned and Your Target Payout Factor. If you die, are Disabled or Retire as provided for under Section IV of the TSR Component, your Incentive Payment will be prorated based on the Base Salary you receive from the beginning of the Measurement Period until your date of death, Disability or retirement date.

A. Performance Factor Earned.   The Performance Factor Earned is shown in Appendix B and depends on the Company’s Compounded Annual Growth Rate of Total Shareholder Return over the Measurement Period as compared to the Peer Companies.

B. Target Payout Factor. Your Target Payout Factor is a percentage of your Base Salary. The percentage varies for each level of management within the Company.  The Target Payout Factors are listed in Appendix C. 

If the performance result falls between two rows on Appendix A or Appendix B, interpolation is used to determine the factor used in the computation of the incentive.

The Compensation Committee has established maximum incentive amounts based on a maximum Performance Factor Earned of 200% for the TSR Component and 300% for the ROCE Component subject to the applicable weighting for each component as provided in Appendix A and Appendix B.

The terms of the Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan – ROCE Component and the Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan – TSR Component are incorporated into the Plan. 

IV. Payment of Award

Payment will be made as soon as practicable following the end of the Measurement Period, and in any event, no later than 2 ½ months after the end of the Measurement Period.

V.  Executive Officer Incentive Compensation Plan

Defined terms in this Plan shall have the same meaning as in the Executive Officer Incentive Compensation Plan, except where the context otherwise requires.

No term or provision in this Plan may conflict with any term or provision of the Executive Officer Incentive Compensation Plan. It is specifically intended that the Plan, ROCE Component and TSR Component be an “Award Agreement” and the incentives  paid hereunder be an “Award” under the terms of the Executive Officer Incentive Compensation Plan.

VI. Discretionary Adjustments

Prior to a Change in  Control, the Compensation Committee may reduce any Participant’s Final Award if the Compensation Committee determines, in its sole discretion, that events have occurred or facts have become known which would make a reduction appropriate and equitable.

3

ArcBest Corporation.

[       ] Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan

VI. Effect of Termination of Employment; Change in Control

(a) General. Except as provided in subparts (b) or (c), upon a termination of Participant’s employment with the Company or any Subsidiary for any reason prior to the completion of the Measurement Period, the Participant shall not be entitled to any Incentive Payment under the Plan.

(b) Death; Disability; Retirement.  Upon termination of Participant’s employment with the Company or any Subsidiary by reason of Participant’s death, Disability or Retirement (as defined in the Plan), Participant’s Incentive Payment shall be prorated based on the period of participation in the Plan, provided that Participant’s Incentive Payment shall be computed and paid in the normal course of business after the end of the Measurement Period. Provided, however, an employee must have completed at least 12 months of the Measurement Period to be entitled to an Incentive Payment under this Section IV(b).

(c) Change in Control. Upon the occurrence of a Qualified Termination following a Change in Control, Participant shall be entitled to immediate payment of the greater of the following:

                   (A)  The amount computed under the Plan based on 100% of the Participant’s “Target Payout Factor” in Appendix C using the date of the Change in Control as the end of the Measurement Period, or

           (B)  The amount computed under the Plan based on the actual percentage of Performance Factor Earned in Appendix A and Appendix B, calculated as if the Measurement Period ended on the date of the Change in Control and using the Company share price as of the date of the Change in Control to calculate TSR rather than the 60-day average price for the ending of the Measurement Period.

4

ArcBest Corporation.

[       ] Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan

 LTIP - ROCE Component

The Compensation Committee of the ArcBest Corporation Board of Directors has adopted this ROCE Component of the Plan (“ROCE Component”), including the following Individual Award Opportunities, Performance Measures and Participants for ArcBest Corporation and its subsidiaries for the three-year period beginning 1/1/[       ] and ending 12/31/[       ].

I. Performance Measure

ROCE for ArcBest is calculated as the following ratio for the Measurement Period:

Net Income + After-tax Effect of Interest Expense + After-tax Effect of Imputed Interest Expense + After-tax Effect of Amortization of intangibles – After-tax Effect of Income from Cash and Short-term Investments Attributable to the reduction in Avg.  Debt

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________-________________

Average Equity + Average Debt + Average Imputed Debt

Divided by 3

“Net Income” for the ROCE calculation is consolidated net income for the Measurement Period determined in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles after taking into account the Section II Required Adjustments.

“Interest Expense” for the ROCE calculation is (i) interest on all long and short-term indebtedness and other interest bearing obligations and (ii) deferred financing cost amortization and other financing costs, including letters of credit fees for the Measurement Period, reduced by the amount of interest expense on debt not included in Average Debt as defined below.

“Imputed Interest Expense” consists of the interest attributable to Average Imputed Debt assuming an interest rate of 7.5% for the Measurement Period.

“Average Equity” is the average of the beginning of the Measurement Period and the end of the Measurement Period stockholder’s equity.    

“Average Debt” is the average of the beginning of the Measurement Period and the end of the Measurement Period current and long-term debt, with beginning of the Measurement Period and end of the Measurement Period current and long-term debt reduced by the respective amount of the beginning of the Measurement Period and end of the Measurement Period total of unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, and limited to a reduction of debt to zero.   

“Average Imputed Debt” consists of the average of the beginning of the Measurement Period and the end of the Measurement Period present value of all payments determined using an interest rate of 7.5% on operating leases of revenue equipment with an initial term of more than two years.

“Amortization of intangibles” consists of amortization of intangibles and depreciation of software related to acquired businesses including any writedown or impairment charge related to those assets. 

“Income from Cash and Short-term Investments Attributable to the reduction in Average Debt” consists of income earned on the amount by which Average Debt is reduced at the average interest rate earned in cash and short-term investments for the measurement period.

5

ArcBest Corporation.

[       ] Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan

II.Required Adjustments

The following adjustments shall be made when calculating ROCE:

(i) add back the after-tax total long-term incentive compensation accruals during the Measurement Period for any Long-term Incentive Compensation Plan for nonunion employees of ArcBest and any of its Subsidiaries when determining Net Income;

(ii) add back after-tax direct third party expenses associated with an acquisition by ArcBest or any of its Subsidiaries, to the extent the items were added back under the [       ], [       ] and [       ] ArcBest and any of its Subsidiaries Annual Incentive Compensation Plans;

(iii) exclude the operating results (all revenue and expenses) for any business acquired between the beginning of the Measurement Period and the end of the Measurement Period from the calculation of Net Income in the numerator of the ratio for the period from the acquisition date to the next December 31 (operating results of acquired businesses are included thereafter) and exclude any Acquisition Debt attributable to the business acquired (either directly held by the business or incurred to acquire the business) included in the denominator based on the weighted average of the Acquisition Debt for the period for which operating results are excluded from the numerator.

(iv) exclude decreases in Net Income resulting directly from reorganization and restructuring programs for which amounts are publicly disclosed; 

(v) exclude increases or decreases to ROCE resulting from an extraordinary, unusual or non-recurring item as determined by the Compensation Committee in its discretion provided such item is described, at the time the performance goal is established, in a manner that is objectively determinable; 

(vi) exclude increases or decreases in Net Income resulting from any change in accounting principle (other than the change in accounting principle under ASC 606) as defined in the Accounting Standards Codification topic(s) that replaced or were formerly known as Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Statement 154, as amended or superseded; 

(vii) exclude the effect on ROCE of changes to net income, equity and debt as a result of any change in accounting principle as defined in the Accounting Standards Codification topic(s) that replaced or were formerly known as Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 30, as amended or superseded;

(viii) exclude any loss from a discontinued operation as described in the Accounting Standards Codification topic(s) as they existed at December 31, 2013, that replaced or were formerly known as FASB 144, as amended or superseded; 

(ix) exclude the effect of changes in federal income tax law or regulations affecting reported results during the Measurement Period including increases or decreases in tax rates, changes in the taxability or deductibility of any item of income or expense or the addition or elimination of tax credits. A change for this purpose will be as compared to the laws and regulations in effect on January 1, [       ], without consideration of any retroactive changes in tax law that affect January 1, [       ] tax law;  

(x) exclude goodwill impairment charges; and

(xi) exclude after-tax settlement accounting charges incurred that relate to the qualified defined benefit pension plan.

6

ArcBest Corporation.

[       ] Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan

LTIP - TSR Component

The Compensation Committee of the ArcBest Corporation Board of Directors has adopted this Total Shareholder Return Component of the Total Plan (“TSR Component”), including the following Individual Award Opportunities, Performance Measures, and Participants for ArcBest Corporation and its subsidiaries for the three-year period beginning 1/1/[       ] and ending 12/31/[       ].

I. Performance Measure

Total Shareholder Return. (“TSR”). Total Shareholder Return with respect to the Company and each Peer Company equals the annualized rate of return reflecting price appreciation between the beginning 60-day average share price (ending December 31 of the year immediately prior to the beginning of the Measurement Period) and the ending 60-day average share price (ending December 31 of the final year of the Measurement Period), adjusted for dividends paid and the compounding effect of dividends paid on reinvested dividends (the calculation assumes that all dividends paid are reinvested).Any Peer Company that is no longer publicly traded shall be excluded from this calculation.

Compounded Annual Growth Rate (“CAGR”). Compounded Annual Growth Rate converts the total return into a value that indicates what the return was on an annual basis for the 3-year period.

Peer Companies. The Peer Companies are the following publicly traded companies:  

Company Name	Ticker
Echo Global Logistics, Inc.	ECHO
Forward Air Corporation	FWRD
Hub Group, Inc.	HUBG
JB Hunt Transport Services, Inc.	JBHT
Knight-Swift Transportation Holdings, Inc.	KNX
Landstar System, Inc.	LSTR
Old Dominion Freight Line, Inc.	ODFL
Roadrunner Transportation Systems, Inc.	RRTS
Saia, Inc.	SAIA
Schneider National, Inc.	SNDR
Werner Enterprises, Inc.	WERN
XPO Logistics, Inc.	XPO
YRC Worldwide Inc.	YRCW

II. Adjustments

In the event that there is any change in the common stock of the Company or the Peer Companies as the result of any stock dividend on, dividend of or stock split or stock combination of, or any like change in, stock of the same class or in the event of any change in the capital structure of the Company or the Peer Companies all share amounts and the TSR calculation will be adjusted appropriately.

7

ArcBest Corporation.

[       ] Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan

Appendix A

[       ]-[       ] LTIP – ROCE Component

		formance Factor Earned
	Three-Year Average Return on Capital Employed (“ROCE”)	Performance Factor Earned
	Less than 8%	0%
Threshold	8%	50%
Target	13%	100%
Maximum	18%	300%
	Greater than 18%	300%

ROCE Component Weighting:  50%

8

ArcBest Corporation.

[       ] Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan

Appendix B

[       ]-[       ] LTIP – TSR Component

	Percentile ranking of the Company’s Compounded Annual Growth Rate TSR relative to Peer Companies over the Measurement Period	Performance Factor Earned
	Below 25th Percentile	0%
Threshold	25th Percentile	25%
Target	50th Percentile	100%
Maximum	75th Percentile	200%
	Above 75th Percentile	200%

TSR Component Weighting:  50%

9

ArcBest Corporation.

[       ] Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan

Appendix C

LTIP Target Payout Factors

Participants/Job Title	Target Payout Factor
ArcBest – Chairman, President & CEO	[       ]%
ABF – President	[       ]%
ArcBest VP – CFO	[       ]%
ArcBest, COO, Asset-Light Logistics	[       ]%
AB Tech – President and ArcBest SVP – CINO	[       ]%
ABF SVP – Operations ArcBest VP – General Counsel & Corporate Secretary ArcBest VP – Chief Yield Officer ArcBest VP – Chief Customer Experience Officer ArcBest VP – Chief Human Resources Officer ArcBest VP – Chief Sales Officer	[       ]%
ArcBest VP – Controller  ArcBest VP – Customer Solutions ArcBest VP – Financial Services and Risk Mgmt ArcBest VP – Talent and Growth Initiatives ArcBest VP – Digital Business Platforms AB Tech VP – Business Insight & Analytics AB Tech VP – Chief Technology Officer AB Tech VP – Technology R&D AB Tech VP – CIO ABF Freight VP – Employee Relations & HR ABF Freight VP – Service Center Operations ABF Freight VP – Equipment & Maintenance ArcBest VP – Yield Management	[       ]%
ArcBest VP – Internal Audit ArcBest VP – Sales – East ArcBest VP – Sales – West ArcBest VP – People Services ABF Freight VP – Pricing, Treasurer & Controller	[       ]%
ArcBest EVP – Asset-Light Expedited Services & Capacity ArcBest VP – Strat. Cap. & Carr. Exp. ArcBest VP – Sales – Expedite ArcBest VP – Sales – Verticals ArcBest VP – Controller, Asset-Light Logistics ArcBest VP – Treasurer ArcBest VP – Customer Experience ArcBest VP – Investor Relations ArcBest VP – Tax	[       ]%
AB Tech VP – Change Management ArcBest VP – Expedited and Dedicated Operations ArcBest VP – Managed Solutions ArcBest VP – Moving Services and Yield Management	[       ]%
ArcBest VP – International	[       ]%

10

EX-10.4

Exhibit 10.4

ARCBEST CORPORATION
RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT AWARD AGREEMENT
(Non-Employee Directors – with deferral feature)

Participant:XXXXXXXXXX

Grant Date:XXXXX XX,  XXXX

Award Number:XXXX.XXX

Restricted Stock Units Awarded:x,xxx

This Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (this “Agreement”) is dated as of this XXXX day of XXXXX XX, XXXX (the “Grant Date”), and is between ArcBest Corporation (the “Company”) and XXXXXXXXXXX (“Participant”).

WHEREAS, the Company, by action of the Board and approval of its shareholders established the ArcBest Corporation 2005 Ownership Incentive Plan (the “Plan”);

WHEREAS, Participant is a member of the Board and is not employed by the Company or a Subsidiary;

WHEREAS, the Company desires to encourage Participant to own Common Stock for the purposes stated in Section 1 of the Plan; and

WHEREAS, Participant and the Company have entered into this Agreement to govern the terms of the Restricted Stock Unit Award (as defined below) granted to Participant by the Company. 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing, the parties hereto agree as follows:

1. Definitions

Defined terms in the Plan shall have the same meaning in this Agreement, except where the context otherwise requires. 

2. Grant of Restricted Stock Units

On the Grant Date, the Company hereby grants to Participant an Award of x,xxx Restricted Stock Units (the “Award”) in accordance with Section 9 of the Plan and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement and the Plan (as amended from time to time).  Each Restricted Stock Unit subject to the Award represents the right to receive one Share (as adjusted from time to time pursuant to Paragraph 13 hereof and/or Section 13 of the Plan) upon the terms and subject to the conditions (including the vesting conditions) set forth in this Agreement and the Plan.  By accepting the Award, Participant irrevocably agrees on behalf of Participant and Participant’s successors and permitted assigns to all of the terms and conditions of the Award as set forth in or pursuant to this Agreement and the Plan (as such Plan may be amended from time to time).

3. Vesting; Payment

(a) The Award shall not be vested as of the Grant Date and shall be forfeitable unless and until otherwise vested pursuant to the terms of this Agreement.  After the Grant Date, provided that Participant remains a member of the Board continuously through the first anniversary of the Grant Date (the “Normal Vesting Date”), the Award shall become vested with respect to 100% of the Restricted Stock Units on such Normal Vesting Date.  In addition, prior to the Normal Vesting Date:

(i)  the Award shall become vested with respect to 100% of the Restricted Stock Units on the first date on or after the Grant Date that the Participant satisfies the requirements for Normal Retirement, as defined below, whether or not actual retirement or separation from service has occurred on that date.

(ii) on the first date on or after the Grant Date on which Participant satisfies the requirements for Early Retirement, as defined below, whether or not actual retirement or separation from service has occurred on that date, the Award shall become vested with respect to the number of the Restricted Stock Units subject to the Award multiplied by a fraction, (A) the numerator of which is equal to the number of full months between such date and the Grant Date, and (B) the denominator of which is 12, and the Award shall continue to vest on the fifteenth day of each subsequent month with respect to an additional one-twelfth of the number of Restricted Stock Units subject to the Award until the first day of the month in which the Normal Vesting Date occurs.     In the month that the Normal Vesting Date occurs, all Units not previously vested shall become vested on the date of the month that corresponds to the Grant Date.

For purposes of this Agreement, the term "Normal Retirement" shall mean Participant's retirement from service as a member of the Board on or after age 65 so long as Participant has, as of the date of such retirement, at least 5 years of service with the Company. 

For purposes of this Agreement, the term "Early Retirement" shall mean Participant's retirement from service as a member of the Board with at least 3 years of Board member service with the Company.

Restricted Stock Units that have vested and are no longer subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture are referred to herein as "Vested Units."  Restricted Stock Units that are not vested and generally remain subject to forfeiture are referred to herein as "Unvested Units."

(b) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Paragraph 3, the Award shall be subject to earlier acceleration of vesting and/or forfeiture and transfer as provided in this Agreement and the Plan.

(c) Subject to Paragraph 3(d) below, on the Normal Vesting Date, or, if earlier, the date Participant’s service as a member of the Board terminates on or after he satisfied the requirements for accelerated vesting by virtue of qualifying for Normal Retirement or Early Retirement, Participant shall be entitled to receive one Share (subject to adjustment under Paragraph 13 hereof and/or Section 13 of the Plan)  for each Vested Unit in accordance with the terms and provisions of this Agreement and the Plan.  The Company will transfer such Shares to

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Participant or Participant’s designee subject to (i) Participant’s satisfaction of any required tax withholding obligations as set forth in Paragraph 6  and (ii) the restrictions, if any, imposed by the Company under Paragraph 14(f) or otherwise pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Plan and this Agreement. 

(d) Subject to the satisfaction of all of the tax withholding obligations described in Section 6 below, Participant may irrevocably elect to defer the receipt of any Shares issuable pursuant to Vested Units, other than Units distributable by reason of Sections 6(b) or (c), by submitting to the Company an election to defer receipt in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (the “Deferral Election Form”).    In the event Participant intends to defer the receipt of any Shares, Participant must submit a proposed Deferral Election Form to the Company by December 31 of the year preceding the year of the Grant Date of the Award.Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, any Shares subject to Vested Units with respect to which a deferred payment date has been elected shall be immediately distributed to Participant or Participant’s estate, as applicable, upon Participant’s death or Disability (as defined below) or upon a “change in the ownership or effective control” of the Company or in the “ownership of a substantial portion of the assets” of the Company within the meanings ascribed to such terms in Treasury Department regulations or other guidance issued under Section 409A of the Code.  Participant hereby represents that he or she understands the effect of any such deferral of the receipt of shares under relevant federal, state and local tax laws.

(e) The date upon which Shares are to be issued under either Paragraph 3(c) or 3(d) is referred to as the “Settlement Date.”  The issuance of the Shares hereunder may be effected by the issuance of a stock certificate, recording shares on the stock records of the Company or by crediting shares in an account established on the Participant’s behalf with a brokerage firm or other custodian, in each case as determined by the Company.  Fractional shares will not be issued pursuant to the Award.

Notwithstanding the above, prior to a Change in Control, (i) for administrative or other reasons, the Company may from time to time temporarily suspend the issuance of Shares in respect of earned Vested Units (whether or not deferred), (ii) the Company shall not be obligated to deliver any Shares during any period when the Company determines that the delivery of Shares hereunder would violate any federal, state or other applicable laws, and (iii) the date on which shares are issued hereunder may include a delay in order to provide the Company such time as it determines appropriate to address tax withholding and other administrative matters.  Any delay pursuant to 3(e)(ii) shall only be until such time that the Company determines that the delivery of shares would no longer violate any Federal, state or other applicable law.  Notwithstanding the delay for administrative or other reasons provided for in clauses (i) and (iii) above, in no event will such issuance of shares be delayed beyond the later of the end of the calendar year in which the Settlement Date occurs, or the 15th day of the third month after the end of such year, or such other time as permitted under Section 409A of the Code and the regulations thereunder without the imposition of any additional taxes under Section 409A of the Code.

Notwithstanding any other provision of the Plan, this Agreement or the Deferral Election Form to the contrary, the Plan, this Agreement and the Deferral Election Form shall be construed or deemed to be amended as necessary to comply with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code to avoid the imposition of any additional or accelerated taxes or other penalties under

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Section 409A of the Code.  The Committee, in its sole discretion, shall determine the requirements of Section 409A of the Code applicable to the Plan, this Agreement and the Deferral Election Form and shall interpret the terms of the Plan, this Agreement and the Deferral Election Form consistently therewith. Under no circumstances, however, shall the Company have any liability under the Plan, this Agreement or the Deferral Election Form for any taxes, penalties or interest due on amounts paid or payable pursuant to the Plan, this Agreement or the Deferral Election Form, including any taxes, penalties or interest imposed under Section 409A of the Code.

4. Status of Participant

Participant shall have no rights as a stockholder (including, without limitation, any voting rights with respect to the Shares subject to the Award and, except to the extent the Award is adjusted pursuant to Paragraph 13 hereof and/or Section 13 of the Plan, the right to receive any payments with respect to dividends or other distributions paid with respect to the Shares subject to this Award) with respect to either the Restricted Stock Units granted hereunder or the Shares underlying the Restricted Stock Units, unless and until such Shares are issued in respect of Vested Units, and then only to the extent of such issued Shares.

5. Effect of Termination of Board Service; Change in Control

(a) General.  Except as provided in Paragraphs 5(b) or (c), upon a termination of Participant’s service as a member of the Board for any reason, the Unvested Units shall be forfeited by Participant and cancelled and surrendered to the Company without payment of any consideration to Participant.

(b) Death; Disability.  Upon a termination of Participant’s service as a member of the Board by reason of Participant’s death or Disability, all Unvested Units shall vest as of the date of such termination of service and be issued as soon as administratively possible.  For the purposes of this Agreement, the term “Disability” shall mean a condition under which Participant either (i) is unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment that can be expected to result in death or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than twelve months, or (ii) is, by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment that can be expected to result in death or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than twelve months, receiving income replacement benefits for a period of not less than three months under an accident and health plan. 

(c) Change in Control.  All Unvested Units shall vest as of the date a Change in Control occurs and be issued as soon as administratively possible so long as with respect to any amounts that the Company determines to be deferred compensation within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code, such Change in Control qualifies as a “change in the ownership or effective control” of the Company or in the “ownership of a substantial portion of the assets” of the Company within the meanings ascribed to such terms in Treasury Department regulations or other guidance issued under Section 409A of the Code.

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6. Withholding and Disposition of Shares

Participant is liable and responsible for all taxes owed in connection with the Award, regardless of any action the Company takes with respect to any tax reporting or withholding obligations that arise in connection with the Award. The Company does not make any representation or undertaking regarding the tax treatment of the grant or vesting of the Award or the subsequent sale of Shares issuable pursuant to the Award. The Company does not commit and is under no obligation to structure the Award to reduce or eliminate Participant’s tax liability.

7. Excess Parachute Payments

Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, if any of the payments in respect of this Award, together with any other payments to which Participant has the right to receive from the Company or any purchaser, successor, or assign, would constitute an “excess parachute payment” (as defined in Code Section 280G), the payments pursuant to the Award and/or such other plans or agreements shall be reduced to the largest amount as will result in no portion of such payments being subject to the excise tax imposed by Code Section 4999.

8. Plan Controls

The terms of this Agreement are governed by the terms of the Plan, as it exists on the Grant Date and as the Plan is amended from time to time.  In the event of any conflict between the provisions of this Agreement and the provisions of the Plan, the terms of the Plan shall control, except as expressly stated otherwise in this Agreement.  The term “Section” generally refers to provisions within the Plan; provided, however, the term “Paragraph” shall refer to a provision of this Agreement. 

9. Limitation on Rights; No Right to Future Grants; Extraordinary Item 

By entering into this Agreement and accepting the Award, Participant acknowledges that: (a) Participant’s participation in the Plan is voluntary and (b) the grant of the Award will not be interpreted to form an employment or Board member relationship with the Company or any Subsidiary. The Company shall be under no obligation whatsoever to advise Participant of the existence, maturity or termination of any of Participant’s rights hereunder and Participant shall be responsible for familiarizing himself or herself with all matters contained herein and in the Plan which may affect any of Participant’s rights or privileges hereunder.

10. Committee Authority

Any question concerning the interpretation of this Agreement or the Plan, any adjustments required to be made under the Plan, and any controversy that may arise under the Plan or this Agreement shall be determined by the Committee in its sole and absolute discretion.  Such decision by the Committee shall be final and binding.

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11. Transfer Restrictions

(a) General Restrictions.  Any sale, transfer, assignment, encumbrance, pledge, hypothecation, conveyance in trust, gift, transfer by bequest, devise or descent, or other transfer or disposition of any kind, whether voluntary or by operation of law, directly or indirectly, of (i) Unvested Units, (ii) Vested Units prior to the Settlement Date, or (iii) Shares subject to such Unvested Units or Vested Units, shall be strictly prohibited and void; provided, however, Participant may assign or transfer the Award to the extent permitted under the Plan, provided that the Award shall be subject to all the terms and condition of the Plan, this Agreement and any other terms required by the Committee as a condition to such transfer.

(b)Transfers by Covered Persons. If Participant is a “Covered Person” as defined in the ArcBest Corporation Stock Ownership Policy for Directors and Executives (the “Policy”) as amended from time to time, Participant agrees that he or she shall not sell or otherwise dispose or transfer any shares from this Award or any other Award except to the extent permitted by the Policy. 

12. Suspension or Termination of Award

Pursuant to Section 16 of the Plan, if at any time prior to Participant’s receipt of Shares pursuant to the Award an Authorized Officer reasonably believes that Participant may have committed an Act of Misconduct (as defined below), the Authorized Officer, the Committee or the Board may suspend Participant’s rights to vest in any Restricted Stock Units, and/or to receive payment for or receive Shares in settlement of Vested Units pending a determination of whether an Act of Misconduct has been committed.  In addition, pursuant to Section 16 of the Plan, if the Committee or an Authorized Officer determines Participant has committed an act of embezzlement, fraud, dishonesty, nonpayment of any obligation owed to the Company or any Subsidiary, breach of fiduciary duty, violation of Company ethics policy or code of conduct, deliberate disregard of Company or Subsidiary rules, or if Participant makes an unauthorized disclosure of any Company or Subsidiary trade secret or confidential information, solicits any employee or service provider to leave the employ or cease providing services to the Company or any Subsidiary, breaches any intellectual property or assignment of inventions covenant, engages in any conduct constituting unfair competition, breaches any non-competition agreement, induces any Company or Subsidiary customer to breach a contract with the Company or any Subsidiary or to cease doing business with the Company or any Subsidiary, or induces any principal for whom the Company or any Subsidiary acts as agent to terminate such agency relationship (any of the foregoing acts, an “Act of Misconduct”), then except as otherwise provided by the Committee, (i) neither Participant nor Participant’s estate nor transferee will be entitled to vest in or have the restrictions on Unvested Units lapse, or otherwise receive payment or Shares in respect of Vested Units and (ii) Participant will forfeit all undelivered (including deferred) Vested and Unvested Units.  In making such determination, the Committee or an Authorized Officer shall give Participant an opportunity to appear and present evidence on his or her behalf at a hearing before the Committee or an opportunity to submit written comments, documents, information and arguments to be considered by the Committee.  Any dispute by Participant or other person as to the determination of the Committee must be resolved pursuant to Paragraph 14(j).

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13. Adjustment of and Changes in the Stock

In the event that the number of Shares increases or decreases through a reorganization, reclassification, combination of shares, stock split, reverse stock split, spin-off, dividend (other than regular, quarterly cash dividends), or otherwise, the Committee shall equitably adjust the number of Shares subject to this Award to reflect such increase or decrease. 

14. General Provisions

(a) Notices.  Whenever any notice is required or permitted hereunder, such notice must be in writing and delivered in person or by mail (to the address set forth below if notice is being delivered to the Company) or electronically.  Any notice delivered in person or by mail shall be deemed to be delivered on the date on which it is personally delivered, or, whether actually received or not, on the third business day after it is deposited in the United States mail, certified or registered, postage prepaid, addressed to the person who is to receive it at the address that such person has theretofore specified by written notice delivered in accordance herewith.  Any notice given by the Company to Participant directed to Participant at Participant’s address on file with the Company shall be effective to bind Participant and any other person who shall have acquired rights under this Agreement.  The Company or Participant may change, by written notice to the other, the address previously specified for receiving notices.  Notices delivered to the Company in person or by mail shall be addressed as follows:

Company:ArcBest Corporation
Attn:Executive Benefits
P.O. Box 10048
Fort Smith, AR 72917-0048
Fax: (479) 494-6770

(b) No Waiver.  No waiver of any provision of this Agreement will be valid unless in writing and signed by the person against whom such waiver is sought to be enforced, nor will failure to enforce any right hereunder constitute a continuing waiver of the same or a waiver of any other right hereunder.

(c) Undertaking.  Participant hereby agrees to take whatever additional action and execute whatever additional documents the Company may deem necessary or advisable in order to carry out or effect one or more of the obligations or restrictions imposed on either Participant or the Award pursuant to the express provisions of this Agreement.

(d) Entire Contract.  This Agreement and the Plan constitute the entire contract between the parties hereto with regard to the subject matter hereof.  This Agreement is made pursuant to the provisions of the Plan and will in all respects be construed in conformity with the express terms and provisions of the Plan.

(e) Successors and Assigns.  The provisions of this Agreement will inure to the benefit of, and be binding on, the Company and its successors and assigns and Participant and Participant’s legal representatives, heirs, legatees, distributees, assigns and transferees by operation of law, whether or not any such person will have become a party to this Agreement and agreed in writing to join herein and be bound by the terms and conditions hereof.

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(f) Securities Law Compliance.  The Company may impose such restrictions, conditions or limitations as it determines appropriate as to the timing and manner of any resales by Participant or other subsequent transfers by Participant of any Shares issued as a result of or under this Award, including without limitation (i) restrictions under an insider trading policy, (ii) restrictions that may be necessary in the absence of an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, covering the Award and/or the Shares underlying the Award and (iii) restrictions as to the use of a specified brokerage firm or other agent for such resales or other transfers.  Any sale of the Shares must also comply with other applicable laws and regulations governing the sale of such shares. 

(g) Information Confidential.  As partial consideration for the granting of the Award:

(i)  Participant agrees that he or she will keep confidential all information and knowledge that Participant has relating to the manner and amount of his or her participation in the Plan; provided, however, that such information may be disclosed as required by law and may be given in confidence to Participant’s spouse, tax and financial advisors, or to a financial institution to the extent that such information is necessary to secure a loan. 

(ii)Participant agrees that he or she will maintain the confidentiality of any Confidential Information to which he or she is entrusted by the Company, except when disclosure is authorized by the Company or required by laws or regulations.  Confidential Information includes “trade secrets” as defined by applicable law and all other non-public information that might be of use to competitors, or harmful to the Company or its customers if disclosed.  The obligation to preserve Confidential Information shall continue even after Participant’s service to the Company ends.  Participant agrees that, in addition to all other legal and equitable remedies, the Company shall be entitled to seek injunctive relief in the event of a violation of this provision by the Participant.

(iii)Nothing in this Agreement will prevent Participant from: (A) making a good faith report of possible violations of applicable law to any governmental agency or entity or (B) making disclosures that are protected under the whistleblower provisions of applicable law. For the avoidance of doubt, nothing herein shall prevent Participant from making a disclosure that: (1) is made in confidence to a federal, state or local government official, either directly or indirectly, or to an attorney; and  solely for the purpose of reporting or investigating a suspected violation of law; or (2) is made in a complaint or other document filed in a lawsuit or other proceeding, if such filing is made under seal. Further, an individual who files a lawsuit for retaliation by an employer of reporting a suspected violation of law may make disclosures without violating this Section 14(g) to the attorney of the individual and use such information in the court proceeding.

(h) Electronic Delivery.  The Company may, in its sole discretion, decide to deliver any documents related to any awards granted under the Plan by electronic means or to request Participant’s consent to participate in the Plan by electronic means. Participant hereby consents to receive such documents by electronic delivery and, if requested, to agree to participate in the Plan through an on-line or electronic system established and maintained by the Company or another third party designated by the Company, and such consent shall remain in effect

8

throughout Participant’s term of service with the Company and thereafter until withdrawn in writing by Participant. 

(i) Governing Law.  Except as may otherwise be provided in the Plan, the provisions of this Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of Delaware, without giving effect to principles of conflicts of law.

(j) Arbitration of Disputes.  Pursuant to Section 23 of the Plan, Participant hereby agrees as follows:

(i) If Participant or Participant’s transferee wishes to challenge any action of the Committee or the Plan Administrator, the person may do so only by submitting to binding arbitration with respect to such decision.  The review by the arbitrator will be limited to determining whether Participant or Participant’s transferee has proven that the Committee’s decision was arbitrary or capricious.  This arbitration will be the sole and exclusive review permitted of the Committee’s decision.  Participant explicitly waives any right to judicial review. 

(ii) Notice of demand for arbitration will be made in writing to the Committee within thirty (30) days after written notice to Participant of the applicable decision by the Committee.  The arbitrator will be selected by mutual agreement of the Committee and Participant.  If the Committee and Participant are unable to agree on an arbitrator, the arbitrator will be selected by the American Arbitration Association.  The arbitrator, no matter how selected, must be neutral within the meaning of the Commercial Rules of Dispute Resolution of the American Arbitration Association.  The arbitrator will administer and conduct the arbitration pursuant to the Commercial Rules of Dispute Resolution of the American Arbitration Association.  Each side will bear its own fees and expenses, including its own attorney’s fees, and each side will bear one half of the arbitrator’s fees and expenses; provided, however, that the arbitrator will have the discretion to award the prevailing party its fees and expenses.  The arbitrator will have no authority to award exemplary, punitive, special, indirect, consequential, or other extracontractual damages.  The decision of the arbitrator on the issue(s) presented for arbitration will be final and conclusive and any court of competent jurisdiction may enforce it.

(k) Section 409A of the Code.  This Award is intended to comply, to the extent applicable, with the election, distribution and any other requirements of Section 409A of the Code and, as such, shall be interpreted in a manner consistent therewith.  Notwithstanding anything herein or in the Plan to the contrary, the Company may, in its sole discretion, amend this Award (which amendment shall be effective upon its adoption or at such other time designated by the Company) as may be necessary to avoid the imposition of the additional tax under Section 409A of the Code or otherwise comply with Section 409A and the regulations thereunder; provided, however, that any such amendment shall be implemented in such a manner as to preserve, to the greatest extent possible, the terms and conditions of this Award as in existence immediately prior to any such amendment.

(l) Board Policies and Guidelines.  Participant acknowledges that this Award is subject to certain policies and guidelines as may be from time to time enacted by the Board of Directors of the Company including guidelines for the Recoupment of Incentive Compensation adopted by the Board of Directors of the Company effective October 18, 2007.

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the date first above written.

ARCBEST CORPORATION

By: _____________________________

PARTICIPANT

10

Return Deferral Form by December 31,  [     ]

Exhibit A

ARCBEST CORPORATION
RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT
INITIAL DEFERRAL ELECTIONFORM FOR 2019 AWARDS

Effective as of ________________, the undersigned hereby irrevocably elects (the “Election”) to defer receipt of certain shares of common stock (the “Shares”) of ArcBest Corporation (the “Company”) related to the Restricted Stock Units (the “Award”) awarded under and pursuant to any Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement dated between January 1, [       ] and December 31, [       ] (the “Award Agreement”) and the ArcBest Corporation 2005 Ownership Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time (the “Plan”).  This deferral shall be made in accordance with the terms and provisions outlined in this Election in the manner and amount set forth below.    In making this Election, you may elect to defer the settlement of all or a portion of your Award.  Your deferral must be expressed as a percentage of the Restricted Stock Units subject to the Award.  In executing this Election form you acknowledge that, in order to be effective, either (i) if on the Grant Date set forth in your Award Agreement or within 12 months following such Grant Date you become wholly or partially vested in your Award by virtue of satisfying  the requirements (as defined in the Award Agreement) for either Normal Retirement or Early Retirement (other than actual separation from service), the Election must be returned no later than December 31 of the year preceding the year in which the Grant Date set forth in your Award Agreement occurs, or (ii) if the preceding clause (i) does not apply to you, (A) the Election must be returned no later than 30 days following the Grant Date set forth in your Award Agreement, and (B) the portion of your Award subject to this Election must not become vested until more than 12 months following the date of this Election (or, if later, 12 months following the Grant Date).

In general, all deferrals pursuant to this election will be paid out in Shares.  Subject to the terms and conditions of the Award Agreement and the Plan, all of the Shares you are entitled to receive on the Settlement Date specified in this Election will be transferred to you on the applicable Settlement Date.

Amount of the Deferral

I hereby irrevocably elect to defer settlement of _____% of the Shares subject to the Award.

Duration of the Deferral

Settlement of that portion of the Award specified above shall be deferred until [complete by checking the appropriate box below and, if applicable, filling in the distribution date.  Check only one box]:

_____________, 20_____ [Note: this date must be after the third anniversary of the [       ] Grant Date]; or

the termination of my service as a member of the Board; or

the earlier of _____________, 20_____ [Note: this date must be after the third anniversary of the [       ] Grant Date] or the termination of my service as a member of the Board; or

the later of _____________, 20_____ [Note: this date must be after the third anniversary of the -  [       ] Grant Date]or the termination of my service as a member of the Board.

Terms and Conditions

By signing this form, you acknowledge your understanding and acceptance of the following:

1. Submission of Election to the Company. You understand that (i) if on the Grant Date set forth in your Award Agreement or within 12 months following such Grant Date you satisfy or will satisfy the vesting requirements for either Normal Retirement or Early Retirement (each as defined in the Award Agreement), the Election must be submitted to the Company no later than December 31 of the year preceding the year in which the Award was granted or (ii) if the preceding clause (i) does not apply to you, the Election must be submitted to the Company no later than 30 days following the date the Award was granted.

2. Status of Participant.  You will have no rights as a stockholder (including, without limitation, any voting rights with respect to the Units subject to this Election) with respect to the Units subject to this Election, unless and until Shares with respect to such Units are issued to you hereunder. 

3. Payment Acceleration.    Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, any Shares subject to this Election shall be immediately distributed to you or your estate, as applicable, upon your death or Disability (as defined in the Award Agreement) or upon a “change in the ownership or effective control” of the Company or in the “ownership of a substantial portion of the assets” of the Company within the meanings ascribed to such terms in Treasury Department regulations or other guidance issued under Section 409A of the Code. 

4. Administration. This Election is administered and interpreted by the Committee (as such term is defined in the Plan). The Committee has full and exclusive discretion to interpret and administer this Election. All actions, interpretations and decisions of the Committee are conclusive and binding on all persons, and will be given the maximum possible deference allowed by law.

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5. Arbitration of Disputes.  All disputes under this Election form shall be subject to arbitration pursuant to Paragraph 14(j) of the Award Agreement and Section 23 of the Plan.

Participant]
Submitted by: [Participant]	Accepted by: ARCBEST CORPORATION By: Name: Title:

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EX-10.5

Exhibit 10.5

ARCBEST CORPORATION
RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT AWARD AGREEMENT
(Employees)

Participant:XXXXXXXXXXXXX

Grant Date:XXX XX,XXXX

Award Number:XXXXX.XX

Restricted Stock Units Awarded:X,XXX

This Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (this “Agreement”) is dated as of this XXXX day of XXX,  XXXX (the “Grant Date”), and is between ArcBest Corporation (the “Company”) and XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX (“Participant”).

WHEREAS, the Company, by action of the Board and approval of its shareholders established the ArcBest Corporation 2005 Ownership Incentive Plan (the “Plan”);

WHEREAS, Participant is employed by the Company or a Subsidiary and the Company desires to encourage Participant to own Common Stock for the purposes stated in Section 1 of the Plan;

WHEREAS, Participant and the Company have entered into this Agreement to govern the terms of the Restricted Stock Unit Award (as defined below) granted to Participant by the Company. 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing, the parties hereto agree as follows:

1. Definitions

Defined terms in the Plan shall have the same meaning in this Agreement, except where the context otherwise requires. 

2. Grant of Restricted Stock Units

On the Grant Date, the Company hereby grants to Participant an Award of [x,xxx]  Restricted Stock Units (the “Award”) in accordance with Section 9 of the Plan and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement and the Plan (as amended from time to time).  Each Restricted Stock Unit subject to the Award represents the right to receive one Share (as adjusted from time to time pursuant to Paragraph 13 hereof and/or Section 13 of the Plan) upon the terms and subject to the conditions (including the vesting conditions) set forth in this Agreement and the Plan.  By accepting the Award, Participant irrevocably agrees on behalf of Participant and Participant’s successors and permitted assigns to all of the terms and conditions of the Award as set forth in or pursuant to this Agreement and the Plan (as such Plan may be amended from time to time).

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3. Vesting; Payment

(a) The Award shall not be vested as of the Grant Date and shall be forfeitable unless and until otherwise vested pursuant to the terms of this Agreement.  After the Grant Date, provided that Participant remains continuously employed by the Company through the fourth anniversary of the Grant Date (the “Normal Vesting Date”), the Award shall become vested with respect to 100% of the Restricted Stock Units on such Normal Vesting Date.  In addition, prior to the Normal Vesting Date:  

(i) the Award shall become vested with respect to 100% of the Restricted Stock Units on the date Participant first satisfies the requirements for Normal Retirement, as defined below,  whether or not his actual retirement or separation from service has occurred on that date, and

(ii) on the first date on or after the first anniversary of the Grant Date on which Participant satisfies the requirements for Early Retirement, as defined below,  whether or not actual retirement or separation from service has occurred on that date, the Award shall become vested with respect to the number of the Restricted Stock Units subject to the Award multiplied by a fraction, (A) the numerator of which is equal to the number of full months between such date and the Grant Date, and (B) the denominator of which is 48, and the Award shall continue to vest on the fifteenth day of each subsequent month with respect to an additional one-forty-eighth of the number of the Restricted Stock Units subject to the Award until the first day of the month in which the Normal Vesting Date occurs.  In the month that the Normal Vesting Date occurs, all Units not previously vested shall become vested on the date of the month that corresponds to the Grant Date.

For purposes of this Agreement, the term “Normal Retirement” shall mean Participant’s retirement from active employment by or service with the Company or any Subsidiary on or after age 65. 

For purposes of this Agreement, the term “Early Retirement” shall mean Participant’s retirement from active employment by or service with the Company or any Subsidiary on or after age 55 or greater, so long as Participant has, as of the date of such retirement, at least 10 years of service with the Company or any Subsidiary. 

Restricted Stock Units that have vested and are no longer subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture are referred to herein as “Vested Units.”  Restricted Stock Units that are not vested and generally remain subject to forfeiture are referred to herein as “Unvested Units.”

(b) The vesting period of the Award set forth in Paragraph 3(a) may be adjusted by the Compensation Committee (“Committee”) to reflect the decreased level of employment during any period in which Participant is on an approved leave of absence or is employed on a less than full time basis. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Paragraph 3, the Award shall be subject to earlier acceleration of vesting and/or forfeiture and transfer as provided in this Agreement and the Plan.  In no event may any adjustment under this paragraph delay the Settlement Date for any Award beyond the Normal Vesting Date or Separation of Service if earlier.

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(c) Subject to Paragraph 3(d) below, on the Normal Vesting Date, or, if earlier, the date Participant’s employment with the Company terminates on or after he satisfied the requirements for accelerated vesting by virtue of qualifying for Normal Retirement or Early Retirement, other than any termination for Cause (as defined below), Participant shall be entitled to receive one Share (subject to adjustment under Paragraph 13 hereof and/or Section 13 of the Plan) for each Vested Unit in accordance with the terms and provisions of this Agreement and the Plan.  The Company will transfer such Shares to Participant or Participant’s designee subject to (i) Participant’s satisfaction of any required tax withholding obligations as set forth in Paragraph 6  and (ii) the restrictions, if any, imposed by the Company pursuant to Paragraph 14(f) or otherwise pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Plan and this Agreement. 

(d) The date upon which Shares are to be issued under Paragraph 3(c) is referred to as the “Settlement Date.”  The issuance of the Shares hereunder may be effected by the issuance of a stock certificate, recording shares on the stock records of the Company or by crediting shares in an account established on the Participant’s behalf with a brokerage firm or other custodian, in each case as determined by the Company.  Fractional shares will not be issued pursuant to the Award.

Notwithstanding the above, prior to a Change in Control (i) for administrative or other reasons, the Company may from time to time temporarily suspend the issuance of Shares in respect of earned Vested Units, (ii) the Company shall not be obligated to deliver any Shares during any period when the Company determines that the delivery of Shares hereunder would violate any federal, state or other applicable laws, and (iii) the date on which shares are issued hereunder may include a delay in order to provide the Company such time as it determines appropriate to address tax withholding and other administrative matters.  Any delay pursuant to 3(d)(ii) shall only be until such time that the Company determines that the delivery of shares would no longer violate any federal, state or other applicable law.  Notwithstanding the delay for administrative or other reasons provided for in clauses (i) and (iii) above, in no event will such issuance of shares be delayed beyond the later of the end of the calendar year or the 15th day of the third month after the month in which the Settlement Date occurs, or such other time as permitted under Section 409A of the Code and the regulations thereunder without the imposition of any additional taxes under Section 409A of the Code.  

Notwithstanding any other provision of the Plan or this Agreement, the Plan and this Agreement shall be construed or deemed to be amended as necessary to comply with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code to avoid the imposition of any additional or accelerated taxes or other penalties under Section 409A of the Code.  The Committee, in its sole discretion, shall determine the requirements of Section 409A of the Code applicable to the Plan, and this Agreement and shall interpret the terms of the Plan and this Agreement consistently therewith. Under no circumstances, however, shall the Company have any liability under the Plan or this Agreement for any taxes, penalties or interest due on amounts paid or payable pursuant to the Plan or this Agreement, including any taxes, penalties or interest imposed under Section 409A of the Code.

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4. Status of Participant

Participant shall have no rights as a stockholder (including, without limitation, any voting rights with respect to the Shares subject to the Award and, except to the extent the Award is adjusted pursuant to Paragraph 13 hereof and/or Section 13 of the Plan, the right to receive any payments with respect to dividends or other distributions paid with respect to the Shares subject to this Award) with respect to either the Restricted Stock Units granted hereunder or the Shares underlying the Restricted Stock Units, unless and until such Shares are issued in respect of Vested Units, and then only to the extent of such issued Shares.

5. Effect of Termination of Employment; Change in Control

(a) General.  Except as provided in Paragraphs 5(c) or (d), upon a termination of Participant’s employment with the Company or any Subsidiary for any reason, the Unvested Units shall be forfeited by Participant and cancelled and surrendered to the Company without payment of any consideration to Participant.

(b) Cause.  Upon a termination of Participant’s employment with the Company or any Subsidiary for Cause (as defined below), all Vested Units and Unvested Units shall be forfeited by Participant and cancelled and surrendered to the Company without payment of any consideration to Participant.

(c) Death; Disability.  Upon a termination of Participant’s employment with the Company or any Subsidiary by reason of Participant’s death or Disability all Unvested Units shall vest as of the date of such termination of service and be issued as soon as administratively possible.  For the purposes of this Agreement, the term “Disability” shall mean a condition under which Participant either (i) is unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment that can be expected to result in death or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than twelve months, or (ii) is, by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment that can be expected to result in death or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than twelve months, receiving income replacement benefits for a period of not less than three months under an accident and health plan covering employees of the Company. 

(d) Change in Control.  Upon a termination of Participant’s employment with the Company or any Subsidiary by the Company or any Subsidiary without Cause (as defined below) or by Participant for Good Reason (as defined below), in either case, within the 24-month period immediately following a Change in Control, all Unvested Units shall vest as of the date of such termination of employment and be issued as soon as administratively possible.  For purposes of this Agreement, the term “Cause” shall mean (i) Participant’s gross misconduct or fraud in the performance of Participant’s duties to the Company or any Subsidiary; (ii) Participant’s conviction or guilty plea or plea of nolo contendere with respect to any felony or act of moral turpitude; (iii) Participant’s engaging in any material act of theft or material misappropriation of Company property or (iv) Participant’s breach of the Company’s Code of Conduct as such code may be revised from time to time.  For purposes of this Agreement, the term “Good Reason” shall mean (i) any material and adverse diminution in Participant’s title, duties, or responsibilities; (ii) a reduction in Participant’s base salary or employee benefits

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(including reducing Participant’s level of participation or target bonus award opportunity in the Company’s incentive compensation plans) or (iii) a relocation of Participant’s principal place of employment of more than 50 miles without the prior consent of Participant.

(e) Specified Employees.  Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, with respect to any amounts that the Company determines to be deferred compensation within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code, if the Company determines that as of the Settlement Date Participant is a “specified employee” (as such term is defined under Section 409A of the Code), any such Shares to be issued to Participant on a Settlement Date that occurs by reason of Participant’s termination of employment with the Company other by reason of Participant’s death or Disability will not be issued to Participant until the date that is six months following the Settlement Date (or such earlier time permitted under Section 409A of the Code without the imposition of any accelerated or additional taxes under Section 409A of the Code).

6. Withholding and Disposition of Shares

(a) Generally.  Participant is liable and responsible for all taxes owed in connection with the Award, regardless of any action the Company takes with respect to any tax withholding obligations that arise in connection with the Award.  The Company does not make any representation or undertaking regarding the treatment of any tax withholding in connection with the grant or vesting of the Award or the subsequent sale of Shares issuable pursuant to the Award.  The Company does not commit and is under no obligation to structure the Award to reduce or eliminate Participant’s tax liability. 

(b) Payment of Withholding Taxes.  Prior to any event in connection with the Award that the Company determines may result in any domestic or foreign minimum statutory tax withholding obligation (i.e. federal, state, OASDI and HI and/or local) (the “Tax Withholding Obligation”), Participant is required to arrange for the satisfaction of the amount of such Tax Withholding Obligation in a manner acceptable to the Company.  Participant and the Company agree that tax withholding required as a result of periodic vesting will be handled at the Company’s option by payroll deduction or such other means as the Company may establish or permit.

(i) By Withholding Shares.  Unless Participant elects to satisfy the Tax Withholding Obligation by an alternative means in accordance with Paragraph 6(b)(ii), that occurs at the Settlement Date, Participant’s acceptance of this Award constitutes Participant’s instruction and authorization to the Company to withhold on Participant’s behalf the number of Shares from those Shares issuable to Participant as a result of the occurrence of a Settlement Date as the Company determines to be sufficient to satisfy the Tax Withholding Obligation. 

(ii) By Other Payment.  At any time not less than five (5) business days before any Tax Withholding Obligation arising as a result of the Settlement Date, Participant may notify the Company of Participant’s election to pay Participant’s Tax Withholding Obligation by wire transfer, cashier’s check or other means permitted by the Company.  In such case, Participant shall satisfy his or her tax withholding obligation by paying to the Company on such date as it shall specify an amount that the Company determines is sufficient to satisfy the expected Tax Withholding Obligation by (i) wire transfer to such account as the Company may direct,

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(ii) delivery of a cashier’s check payable to the Company, Attn: Executive Benefits, at the address set forth in Paragraph 14(a), or such other address as the Company may from time to time direct, or (iii) such other means as the Company may establish or permit.  Participant agrees and acknowledges that prior to the date the Tax Withholding Obligation arises, the Company will be required to estimate the amount of the Tax Withholding Obligation and accordingly may require the amount paid to the Company under this Paragraph 6(b)(ii) to be more than the minimum amount that may actually be due and that, if Participant has not delivered payment of a sufficient amount to the Company to satisfy the Tax Withholding Obligation (regardless of whether as a result of the Company underestimating the required payment or Participant failing to timely make the required payment), the additional Tax Withholding Obligation amounts shall be satisfied in the manner specified in Paragraph 6(b)(i). 

7. Excess Parachute Payments

Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, if any of the payments in respect of this Award, together with any other payments to which Participant has the right to receive from the Company or any purchaser, successor, or assign, would constitute an “excess parachute payment” (as defined in Code Section 280G), a best-of-net calculation will be performed to determine whether change in control benefits due to the Participant should be reduced (so no excise tax will be imposed under 280G) or should be paid in full (with any excise tax to be paid in full by the Participant, with any such reduction first applied to payments pursuant to any Deferred Salary Agreement to which Participant is a party, then to payments pursuant to the 2012 Change in Control Plan, if applicable, and then to Awards of Restricted Stock Units under the Plan.

8. Plan Controls

The terms of this Agreement are governed by the terms of the Plan, as it exists on the Grant Date and as the Plan is amended from time to time.  In the event of any conflict between the provisions of this Agreement and the provisions of the Plan, the terms of the Plan shall control, except as expressly stated otherwise in this Agreement.  The term “Section” generally refers to provisions within the Plan; provided, however, the term “Paragraph” shall refer to a provision of this Agreement. 

9. Limitation on Rights; No Right to Future Grants; Extraordinary Item 

By entering into this Agreement and accepting the Award, Participant acknowledges that: (a) Participant’s participation in the Plan is voluntary; (b) the value of the Award is an extraordinary item which is outside the scope of any employment contract with Participant; (c) the Award is not part of normal or expected compensation for any purpose, including without limitation for calculating any benefits, severance, resignation, termination, redundancy, end of service payments, bonuses, long-service awards, pension or retirement benefits or similar payments, and Participant will not be entitled to compensation or damages as a consequence of Participant’s forfeiture as provided for in the Plan or this Agreement of any unvested portion of the Award for any reason; and (d) in the event that Participant is not a direct employee of Company, the grant of the Award will not be interpreted to form an employment relationship with the Company or any Subsidiary and the grant of the Award will not be interpreted to form

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an employment contract with Participant’s employer, the Company or any Subsidiary.  The Company shall be under no obligation whatsoever to advise Participant of the existence, maturity or termination of any of Participant’s rights hereunder and Participant shall be responsible for familiarizing himself or herself with all matters contained herein and in the Plan which may affect any of Participant’s rights or privileges hereunder. 

10. Committee Authority

Any question concerning the interpretation of this Agreement or the Plan, any adjustments required to be made under the Plan, and any controversy that may arise under the Plan or this Agreement shall be determined by the Committee in its sole and absolute discretion.  Such decision by the Committee shall be final and binding.

11. Transfer Restrictions

(a) General Restrictions.  Any sale, transfer, assignment, encumbrance, pledge, hypothecation, conveyance in trust, gift, transfer by bequest, devise or descent, or other transfer or disposition of any kind, whether voluntary or by operation of law, directly or indirectly, of (i) Unvested Units, (ii) Vested Units prior to the Settlement Date, or (iii) Shares subject to such Unvested Units or Vested Units shall be strictly prohibited and void; provided, however, Participant may assign or transfer the Award to the extent permitted under the Plan, provided that the Award shall be subject to all the terms and conditions of the Plan, this Agreement and any other terms required by the Committee as a condition to such transfer.

(b) Transfers by Covered Persons. If Participant is a “Covered Person” as defined in the ArcBest Corporation Stock Ownership Policy for Directors and Executives (the “Policy”) as amended from time to time, Participant agrees that he or she shall not sell or otherwise dispose or transfer any shares from this Award or any other Award except to the extent permitted by the Policy.    

12. Suspension or Termination of Award

Pursuant to Section 16 of the Plan, if at any time prior to Participant’s receipt of Shares pursuant to the Award an Authorized Officer reasonably believes that Participant may have committed an Act of Misconduct (as defined below), the Authorized Officer, the Committee or the Board may suspend Participant’s rights to vest in any Restricted Stock Units, and/or to receive payment for or receive Shares in settlement of Vested Units pending a determination of whether an Act of Misconduct has been committed.  In addition, pursuant to Section 16 of the Plan, if the Committee or an Authorized Officer determines Participant has committed an act of embezzlement, fraud, dishonesty, nonpayment of any obligation owed to the Company or any Subsidiary, breach of fiduciary duty, violation of Company ethics policy or code of conduct, deliberate disregard of Company or Subsidiary rules, or if Participant makes an unauthorized disclosure of any Company or Subsidiary trade secret or confidential information, solicits any employee or service provider to leave the employ or cease providing services to the Company or any Subsidiary, breaches any intellectual property or assignment of inventions covenant, engages in any conduct constituting unfair competition, breaches any non-competition agreement, induces any Company or Subsidiary customer to breach a contract with the Company or any

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Subsidiary or to cease doing business with the Company or any Subsidiary, or induces any principal for whom the Company or any Subsidiary acts as agent to terminate such agency relationship (any of the foregoing acts, an “Act of Misconduct”), then except as otherwise provided by the Committee, (i) neither Participant nor Participant’s estate nor transferee will be entitled to vest in or have the restrictions on Unvested Units lapse, or otherwise receive payment or Shares in respect of Vested Units and (ii) Participant will forfeit all undelivered Vested and Unvested Units.  In making such determination, the Committee or an Authorized Officer shall give Participant an opportunity to appear and present evidence on his or her behalf at a hearing before the Committee or an opportunity to submit written comments, documents, information and arguments to be considered by the Committee.  Any dispute by Participant or other person as to the determination of the Committee must be resolved pursuant to Paragraph 14(j).

13. Adjustment of and Changes in the Stock

In the event that the number of Shares increases or decreases through a reorganization, reclassification, combination of shares, stock split, reverse stock split, spin-off, dividend (other than regular, quarterly cash dividends), or otherwise, the Committee shall equitably adjust the number of Shares subject to this Award to reflect such increase or decrease. 

14. General Provisions

(a) Notices.  Whenever any notice is required or permitted hereunder, such notice must be in writing and delivered in person or by mail (to the address set forth below if notice is being delivered to the Company) or electronically.  Any notice delivered in person or by mail shall be deemed to be delivered on the date on which it is personally delivered, or, whether actually received or not, on the third business day after it is deposited in the United States mail, certified or registered, postage prepaid, addressed to the person who is to receive it at the address that such person has theretofore specified by written notice delivered in accordance herewith.  Any notice given by the Company to Participant directed to Participant at Participant’s address on file with the Company shall be effective to bind Participant and any other person who shall have acquired rights under this Agreement.  The Company or Participant may change, by written notice to the other, the address previously specified for receiving notices.  Notices delivered to the Company in person or by mail shall be addressed as follows:

Company:ArcBest Corporation
Attn:Manager, Compensation and Executive Benefits
P.O. Box 10048
Fort Smith, AR 72917-0048
Fax: (479) 494-6770

(b) No Waiver.  No waiver of any provision of this Agreement will be valid unless in writing and signed by the person against whom such waiver is sought to be enforced, nor will failure to enforce any right hereunder constitute a continuing waiver of the same or a waiver of any other right hereunder.

(c) Undertaking.  Participant hereby agrees to take whatever additional action and execute whatever additional documents the Company may deem necessary or advisable in order

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to carry out or effect one or more of the obligations or restrictions imposed on either Participant or the Award pursuant to the express provisions of this Agreement.

(d) Entire Contract.  This Agreement and the Plan constitute the entire contract between the parties hereto with regard to the subject matter hereof.  This Agreement is made pursuant to the provisions of the Plan and will in all respects be construed in conformity with the express terms and provisions of the Plan.

(e) Successors and Assigns.  The provisions of this Agreement will inure to the benefit of, and be binding on, the Company and its successors and assigns and Participant and Participant’s legal representatives, heirs, legatees, distributees, assigns and transferees by operation of law, whether or not any such person will have become a party to this Agreement and agreed in writing to join herein and be bound by the terms and conditions hereof.

(f) Securities Law Compliance.  The Company may impose such restrictions, conditions or limitations as it determines appropriate as to the timing and manner of any resales by Participant or other subsequent transfers by Participant of any Shares issued as a result of or under this Award, including without limitation (i) restrictions under an insider trading policy, (ii) restrictions that may be necessary in the absence of an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, covering the Award and/or the Shares underlying the Award and (iii) restrictions as to the use of a specified brokerage firm or other agent for such resales or other transfers.  Any sale of the Shares must also comply with other applicable laws and regulations governing the sale of such shares. 

(g) Information Confidential.  As partial consideration for the granting of the Award, Participant agrees that he or she will keep confidential all information and knowledge that Participant has relating to the manner and amount of his or her participation in the Plan; provided, however, that such information may be disclosed as required by law and may be given in confidence to Participant’s spouse, tax and financial advisors, or to a financial institution to the extent that such information is necessary to secure a loan. Nothing in this Agreement will prevent Participant from: (A) making a good faith report of possible violations of applicable law to any governmental agency or entity or (B) making disclosures that are protected under the whistleblower provisions of applicable law. For the avoidance of doubt, nothing herein shall prevent Participant from making a disclosure that: (1) is made in confidence to a federal, state or local government official, either directly or indirectly, or to an attorney; and  solely for the purpose of reporting or investigating a suspected violation of law; or (2) is made in a complaint or other document filed in a lawsuit or other proceeding, if such filing is made under seal. Further, an individual who files a lawsuit for retaliation by an employer of reporting a suspected violation of law may make disclosures without violating this Section 14(g) to the attorney of the individual and use such information in the court proceeding. 

(h) Electronic Delivery.  The Company may, in its sole discretion, decide to deliver any documents related to any awards granted under the Plan by electronic means or to request Participant’s consent to participate in the Plan by electronic means. Participant hereby consents to receive such documents by electronic delivery and, if requested, to agree to participate in the Plan through an on-line or electronic system established and maintained by the Company or another third party designated by the Company, and such consent shall remain in effect

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throughout Participant’s term of employment or service with the Company and thereafter until withdrawn in writing by Participant. 

(i) Governing Law.  Except as may otherwise be provided in the Plan, the provisions of this Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of Delaware, without giving effect to principles of conflicts of law.

(j) Arbitration of Disputes.  Pursuant to Section 23 of the Plan, Participant hereby agrees as follows:

(i) If Participant or Participant’s transferee wishes to challenge any action of the Committee or the Plan Administrator, the person may do so only by submitting to binding arbitration with respect to such decision.  The review by the arbitrator will be limited to determining whether Participant or Participant’s transferee has proven that the Committee’s decision was arbitrary or capricious.  This arbitration will be the sole and exclusive review permitted of the Committee’s decision.  Participant explicitly waives any right to judicial review. 

(ii) Notice of demand for arbitration will be made in writing to the Committee within thirty (30) days after written notice to Participant of the applicable decision by the Committee.  The arbitrator will be selected by mutual agreement of the Committee and Participant.  If the Committee and Participant are unable to agree on an arbitrator, the arbitrator will be selected by the American Arbitration Association.  The arbitrator, no matter how selected, must be neutral within the meaning of the Commercial Rules of Dispute Resolution of the American Arbitration Association.  The arbitrator will administer and conduct the arbitration pursuant to the Commercial Rules of Dispute Resolution of the American Arbitration Association.  Each side will bear its own fees and expenses, including its own attorney’s fees, and each side will bear one half of the arbitrator’s fees and expenses; provided, however, that the arbitrator will have the discretion to award the prevailing party its fees and expenses.  The arbitrator will have no authority to award exemplary, punitive, special, indirect, consequential, or other extra contractual damages.  The decision of the arbitrator on the issue(s) presented for arbitration will be final and conclusive and any court of competent jurisdiction may enforce it.

(k) Section 409A of the Code.  This Award is intended to comply, to the extent applicable, with the distribution and other requirements of Section 409A of the Code and, as such, shall be interpreted in a manner consistent therewith.  Notwithstanding anything herein or in the Plan to the contrary, the Company may, in its sole discretion, amend this Award (which amendment shall be effective upon its adoption or at such other time designated by the Company) as may be necessary to avoid the imposition of the additional tax under Section 409A of the Code or otherwise comply with Section 409A and the regulations thereunder; provided, however, that any such amendment shall be implemented in such a manner as to preserve, to the greatest extent possible, the terms and conditions of this Award as in existence immediately prior to any such amendment.

(l) Board Policies and Guidelines.  Participant acknowledges that this Award is subject to certain policies and guidelines as may be from time to time enacted by the Board of Directors of the Company including guidelines for the Recoupment of Incentive Compensation adopted by the Board of Directors of the Company effective October 18, 2007.

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the date first above written.

ARCBEST CORPORATION

By: _____________________________

PARTICIPANT:

      _____________________________

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EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Judy R. McReynolds, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of ArcBest Corporation;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)    Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)    Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)    Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)    Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)    All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)    Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:      May 9, 2019	/s/ Judy R. McReynolds
	Judy R. McReynolds
	Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer and Principal Executive Officer

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, David R. Cobb, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of ArcBest Corporation;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)    Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)    Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)    Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)    Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)    All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)    Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:     May 9, 2019	/s/ David R. Cobb
	David R. Cobb
	Vice President — Chief Financial Officer
	and Principal Financial Officer

EX-32

EXHIBIT 32

Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

In connection with the filing of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019, (the “Report”) by ArcBest Corporation (the “Registrant”), each of the undersigned hereby certifies that:

1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and

2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Registrant.

	ARCBEST CORPORATION
	(Registrant)
Date: May 9, 2019	/s/ Judy R. McReynolds
	Judy R. McReynolds
	Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
	and Principal Executive Officer
	ARCBEST CORPORATION
	(Registrant)
Date: May 9, 2019	/s/ David R. Cobb
	David R. Cobb
	Vice President — Chief Financial Officer
	and Principal Financial Officer

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	May 03, 2019
Document and Entity Information
Entity Registrant Name	ARCBEST CORP /DE/
Entity Central Index Key	0000894405
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2019
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		25,513,294

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 138,399	$ 190,186
Short-term investments	116,225	106,806
Accounts receivable, less allowances (2019 – $6,655; 2018 – $7,380)	294,853	297,051
Other accounts receivable, less allowances (2019 – $456; 2018 – $806)	16,925	19,146
Prepaid expenses	31,064	25,304
Prepaid and refundable income taxes	4,610	1,726
Other	4,466	9,007
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS	606,542	649,226
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Land and structures	340,764	339,640
Revenue equipment	856,370	858,251
Service, office, and other equipment	206,959	199,230
Software	142,062	138,517
Leasehold improvements	9,766	9,365
TOTAL PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, GROSS	1,555,921	1,545,003
Less allowances for depreciation and amortization	932,945	913,815
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, net	622,976	631,188
GOODWILL	108,320	108,320
INTANGIBLE ASSETS, net	67,820	68,949
OPERATING RIGHT OF USE ASSETS	68,737
DEFERRED INCOME TAXES	6,905	7,468
OTHER LONG-TERM ASSETS	78,357	74,080
TOTAL ASSETS	1,559,657	1,539,231
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable	145,590	143,785
Income taxes payable	241	1,688
Accrued expenses	211,533	243,111
Current portion of long-term debt	48,809	54,075
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	17,678
Current portion of pension and postretirement liabilities	7,984	8,659
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES	431,835	451,318
LONG-TERM DEBT, less current portion	227,649	237,600
OPERATING LEASE LIABILITIES, less current portion	54,444
PENSION AND POSTRETIREMENT LIABILITIES, less current portion	31,695	31,504
OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES	36,406	44,686
DEFERRED INCOME TAXES	55,873	56,441
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Common stock, $0.01 par value, authorized 70,000,000 shares; issued 2019: 28,685,313 shares, 2018: 28,684,779 shares	287	287
Additional paid-in capital	327,762	325,712
Retained earnings	504,225	501,389
Treasury stock, at cost, 2019: 3,172,019 shares; 2018: 3,097,634 shares	(98,131)	(95,468)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(12,388)	(14,238)
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	721,755	717,682
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	$ 1,559,657	$ 1,539,231

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
Accounts receivable, allowances (in dollars)	$ 6,655	$ 7,380
Other accounts receivable, allowances (in dollars)	$ 456	$ 806
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, authorized shares	70,000,000	70,000,000
Common stock, issued shares	28,685,313	28,684,779
Treasury stock, at cost, shares	3,172,019	3,097,634

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
REVENUES	$ 711,839	$ 700,001
OPERATING EXPENSES	703,248	687,276
OPERATING INCOME	8,591	12,725
OTHER INCOME (COSTS)
Interest and dividend income	1,478	526
Interest and other related financing costs	(2,882)	(2,059)
Other, net	(591)	(2,201)
TOTAL OTHER INCOME (COSTS)	(1,995)	(3,734)
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES	6,596	8,991
INCOME TAX PROVISION (BENEFIT)	1,708	(963)
NET INCOME	$ 4,888	$ 9,954
EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.19	$ 0.39
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.18	$ 0.37
AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING
Basic (in shares)	25,570,415	25,642,871
Diluted (in shares)	26,512,349	26,596,376
CASH DIVIDENDS DECLARED PER COMMON SHARE (in dollars per share)	$ 0.08	$ 0.08

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
NET INCOME	$ 4,888	$ 9,954
Pension and other postretirement benefit plans:
Net actuarial loss, net of tax of: (2019 – $230; 2018 – $899)	661	2,590
Pension settlement expense, net of tax of: (2019 – $349; 2018 – $168)	1,007	486
Amortization of unrecognized net periodic benefit costs, net of tax of: (2019 – $100; 2018 – $219)
Net actuarial loss	295	649
Prior service credit	(6)	(17)
Interest rate swap and foreign currency translation:
Change in unrealized income (loss) on interest rate swap, net of tax of: (2019 – $118)	(332)
Change in unrealized income (loss) on interest rate swap, net of tax of: (2018 – $219)		436
Change in foreign currency translation, net of tax of: (2019 – $79; 2018 – $223)	225	(72)
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME, net of tax	1,850	4,072
TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME	$ 6,738	$ 14,026

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Net actuarial loss, tax expense (benefit)	$ 230	$ 899
Pension settlement expense, tax	349	168
Amortization of unrecognized net periodic benefit costs, tax	100	219
Change in unrealized income (loss) on interest rate swap, tax (benefit)	(118)
Change in unrealized income (loss) on interest rate swap, tax expense		219
Change in foreign currency translation, tax expense (benefit)	$ 79	$ (223)

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Retained Earnings	Treasury Stock	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	Total
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Adjustments to beginning retained earnings for adoption of accounting standards			$ 3,992		$ (3,576)	$ 416
Adjusted Balances	$ 285	$ 319,436	442,371	$ (86,064)	(24,150)	651,878
Balances at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 285	319,436	438,379	$ (86,064)	(20,574)	651,462
Balances (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017	28,496			2,852
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income			9,954			9,954
Other comprehensive income, net of tax					4,072	4,072
Issuance of common stock under share-based compensation plans (in shares)	3
Tax effect of share-based compensation plans		(41)				(41)
Share-based compensation expense		1,870				1,870
Purchase of treasury stock				$ (201)		(201)
Purchase of treasury stock (in shares)				5
Dividends declared on common stock			(2,058)			(2,058)
Balances at Mar. 31, 2018	$ 285	321,265	450,267	$ (86,265)	(20,078)	665,474
Balances (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2018	28,499			2,857
Balances at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 287	325,712	501,389	$ (95,468)	(14,238)	717,682
Balances (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018	28,685			3,098
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income			4,888			4,888
Other comprehensive income, net of tax					1,850	1,850
Tax effect of share-based compensation plans		(8)				(8)
Share-based compensation expense		2,058				2,058
Purchase of treasury stock				$ (2,663)		(2,663)
Purchase of treasury stock (in shares)				74
Dividends declared on common stock			(2,052)			(2,052)
Balances at Mar. 31, 2019	$ 287	$ 327,762	$ 504,225	$ (98,131)	$ (12,388)	$ 721,755
Balances (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2019	28,685			3,172

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$ 4,888	$ 9,954
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	25,409	25,352
Amortization of intangibles	1,128	1,134
Pension settlement expense	1,356	654
Share-based compensation expense	2,058	1,870
Provision for losses on accounts receivable	112	445
Deferred income tax benefit	(584)	(2,749)
Gain on sale of property and equipment	(43)	(221)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Receivables	3,931	(10,260)
Prepaid expenses	(5,760)	(2,587)
Other assets	4,589	2,732
Income taxes	(4,313)	1,938
Multiemployer pension fund withdrawal liability	(143)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities	(35,999)	3,513
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES	(3,371)	31,775
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchases of property, plant and equipment, net of financings	(15,543)	(7,177)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	1,039	1,050
Purchases of short-term investments	(13,790)	(4,410)
Proceeds from sale of short-term investments	4,998	6,245
Capitalization of internally developed software	(2,656)	(2,164)
NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES	(25,952)	(6,456)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Payments on long-term debt	(15,217)	(16,558)
Net change in book overdrafts	(2,524)	(2,572)
Payment of common stock dividends	(2,052)	(2,058)
Purchases of treasury stock	(2,663)	(201)
Payments for tax withheld on share-based compensation	(8)	(50)
NET CASH USED IN FINANCING ACTIVITIES	(22,464)	(21,439)
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	(51,787)	3,880
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	190,186	120,772
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS CASH AT END OF PERIOD	138,399	124,652
NONCASH INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Equipment financed		121
Accruals for equipment received	2,878	$ 883
Lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assets	$ 18,144

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ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT PRESENTATION

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT PRESENTATION

ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT PRESENTATION

NOTE A – ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT PRESENTATION

ArcBest CorporationTM (the “Company”) is the parent holding company of businesses providing integrated logistics solutions. The Company’s operations are conducted through its three reportable operating segments: Asset-Based, which consists of ABF Freight System, Inc. and certain other subsidiaries; ArcBest®, the Company’s asset-light logistics operation; and FleetNet®. References to the Company in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are primarily to the Company and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis.

The Asset-Based segment represented approximately 69% of the Company’s total revenues before other revenues and intercompany eliminations for the three months ended March 31, 2019. As of March 2019, approximately 82% of the Asset‑Based segment’s employees were covered under a collective bargaining agreement, the ABF National Master Freight Agreement (the “2018 ABF NMFA”), with the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (the “IBT”), which will remain in effect through June 30, 2023.

Financial Statement Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) pertaining to interim financial information. Accordingly, these interim financial statements do not include all information or footnote disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for complete financial statements and, therefore, should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K and other current filings with the SEC. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (which are of a normal and recurring nature) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual amounts may differ from those estimates.

Accounting Policies

The Company’s accounting policies are described in Note B to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of the Company’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following policies have been updated during the three months ended March 31, 2019 for the adoption of accounting standard updated disclosed within this Note.

Interest Rate SwapDerivative Instruments: The Company accounts for its derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities and carries them at fair value. The Company has interest rate swap agreements designated as a cash flow hedges. The effective portion of the gain or loss on the interest rate swap instruments is reported as unrealized gain or loss as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, net of tax, in stockholders’ equity and the change in the unrealized gain or loss on the interest rate swaps is reported in other comprehensive income or loss, net of tax, in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The unrealized gain or loss is reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss into income in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. To receive hedge accounting treatment, cash flow hedges must be highly effective in offsetting changes to expected future cash flows on hedged transactions.

Leases: The Company leases, under finance and operating lease arrangements, certain facilities used primarily in the Asset-Based segment service center operations, certain revenue equipment used in the ArcBest segment operations, and certain other office equipment. The Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 842, Leases, (“ASC Topic 842”) effective January 1, 2019. In accordance with ASC Topic 842, right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases are recorded on the balance sheet and the related lease expense is recorded on a straight-line basis over the lease term in operating expenses. Included in lease expense are any variable lease payments incurred in the period that were not included in the initial lease liability. For financial reporting purposes, right-of-use assets held under finance leases are amortized over their estimated useful lives on the same basis as owned assets, and leasehold improvements associated with assets utilized under finance or operating leases are amortized by the straight-line method over the shorter of the remaining lease term or the asset’s useful life. Amortization of assets under finance leases is included in depreciation expense. Obligations under the finance lease arrangements are included in long-term debt.

The short-term lease exemption was elected under ASC Topic 842 for all classes of assets to include real property, revenue equipment, and service, office, and other equipment. The Company adopted the policy election as a lessee for all classes of assets to account for each lease component and its related non-lease component(s) as a single lease component. In determining the discount rate, the Company uses the rate implicit in the lease if that rate is readily determinable when entering into a lease as a lessee. If the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate, determined by the price of a fully collateralized loan with similar terms based on current market rates.

For contracts entered into on or after the effective date, an assessment is made as to whether the contract is, or contains, a lease at the inception of a contract. The assessment is based on: (1) whether the contract involves the use of a distinct identified asset; (2) whether the Company obtains the right to substantially all the economic benefit from the use of the asset throughout the period; and (3) whether the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset. For all operating leases that meet the scope of ASC Topic 842, a right-of-use asset and a lease liability are recognized. The right-of-use asset is measured as the initial amount of the lease liability, plus any initial direct costs incurred, less any prepayments prior to commencement or lease incentives received. The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company’s secured incremental borrowing rate for the same term as the underlying lease. Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability are comprised of the following: (1) the fixed noncancelable lease payments, (2) payments for optional renewal periods where it is reasonably certain the renewal period will be exercised, and (3) payments for early termination options unless it is reasonably certain the lease will not be terminated early. Variable lease payments based on an index or rate are initially measured using the index or rate in effect at lease commencement and included in the measurement of the initial lease liability. Additional payments based on the change in an index or rate are recorded as a period expense when incurred. Lease modifications result in remeasurement of the lease liability.

Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

ASC Topic 842, which was adopted by the Company effective January 1, 2019, requires lessees to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases with terms greater than 12 months on the balance sheet. The standard also requires additional qualitative and quantitative disclosures designed to assess the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The Company elected the modified retrospective method of applying the transition provisions at the beginning of the period of adoption and, as a result, has not adjusted comparative period financial information and has not included the new lease disclosures for periods before the effective date. Prior period amounts continue to be reported under the Company’s historical accounting in accordance with the previous lease guidance included in ASC Topic 840.

The Company has excluded short-term leases from accounting under ASC Topic 842 and has elected the package of practical expedients as permitted under the transition guidance, which allowed the Company to not reassess: (1) whether contracts are, or contain, leases; (2) lease classification; and (3) capitalization of initial direct costs. For contracts entered into on or after the effective date, an assessment is made as to whether the contract is, or contains, a lease at the inception of a contract. Consistent with the package of practical expedients elected, leases entered into prior to January 1, 2019, are accounted for under ASC Topic 840 and were not reassessed. For all classes of assets, the policy election was made to account for each lease component and its related non-lease component(s) as a single lease component. The election to not recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a term of 12 months or less did not have a material effect on the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities.

The majority of the Company’s lease portfolio consists of real property operating leases related to facilities used in the Asset-Based segment service center operations. The lease portfolio also includes operating leases related to certain revenue equipment used in the ArcBest segment operations as well as a small number of office equipment finance leases. Management has recorded the right-of-use assets and associated lease liabilities for operating leases on the consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2019 in accordance with ASC Topic 842. Finance leases are not material to the consolidated financial statements.

The most significant impact of adopting ASC Topic 842 was the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for operating leases of $58.7 million as of January 1, 2019. The accounting for finance leases (formerly referred to as capital leases prior to the adoption of ASC Topic 842) remained substantially unchanged. The expense recognition for operating leases and finance leases under ASC Topic 842 is substantially consistent with ASC Topic 840 and the impact of the new standard is non-cash in nature. As a result, there is no significant impact on the Company’s results of operations or cash flows presented in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, which was adopted by the Company on January 1, 2019, was amended to change the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results to simplify hedge accounting treatment and better align an entity’s risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships. The amendment did not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) issued Final Rule 33-10618, FAST Act Modernization and Simplification of Regulation S-K, in March 2019 to modernize and simplify certain disclosure requirements in Regulation S-K and the related rules and forms. Effective April 2, 2019, the final rule allows registrants to redact confidential information from most exhibits filed with the SEC without filing a confidential treatment request. Effective May 2, 2019, the final rule requires registrants to include the trading symbol for each class of registered securities on the cover page of certain SEC forms. The final rule also includes certain requirements for eXtensible Business Reporting Language (“XBRL”) reporting and provisions to simplify certain annual disclosure requirements within the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”), Risk Factors, and Properties sections of Form 10-K. The XBRL requirements of the final rule for tagging data on the cover page of certain SEC filings and the use of hyperlinks for information that is incorporated by reference and available on EDGAR will become effective for the Company’s second quarter 2019 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The Company will adopt the provisions of the final rule simplifying certain annual disclosure requirements for its 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The final rule is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statement disclosures or filings with the SEC.

ASC Subtopic 350-40, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software: Customer’s Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement, (“ASC Subtopic 350-40”) was amended by the FASB in August 2018 and is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2020. The amendments to ASC Subtopic 350-40 clarify the accounting treatment for implementation costs incurred by the customer in a cloud computing software arrangement. The amendments allow implementation costs of cloud computing arrangements to be capitalized using the same method prescribed by ASC Subtopic 350-40, Internal-Use Software. The amendments to ASC Subtopic 350-40 will be adopted on a prospective basis and are not expected to have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, was amended to modify the disclosure requirements of fair value measurements, primarily impacting the disclosures for Level 3 fair value measurements. The amendment is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2020 and is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statement disclosures.

ASC Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, (“ASC Topic 326”), was amended to improve the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments, including trade accounts receivable. The amendment is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2020 and is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Management believes there is no other new accounting guidance issued but not yet effective that is relevant to the Company’s current financial statements.  

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FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

NOTE B – FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Financial Instruments

The following table presents the components of cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments:

	March 31		December 31
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash deposits(1)	$	104,896	$	124,938
Variable rate demand notes(1)(2)		14,973		19,786
Money market funds(3)		18,530		42,470
U.S. Treasury securities(4)		—		2,992
Total cash and cash equivalents	$	138,399	$	190,186
Short-term investments
Certificates of deposit(1)	$	83,425	$	82,949
U.S. Treasury securities(4)		32,800		23,857
Total short-term investments	$	116,225	$	106,806

⁽¹⁾ Recorded at cost plus accrued interest, which approximates fair value.

⁽²⁾ Amounts may be redeemed on a daily basis with the original issuer.

⁽³⁾ Recorded at fair value as determined by quoted market prices (see amounts presented in the table of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value within this Note).

⁽⁴⁾ Recorded at amortized cost plus accrued interest, which approximates fair value. U.S. Treasury securities with a maturity date within 90 days of the purchase date are classified as cash equivalents. U.S. Treasury securities included in short-term investments are held-to-maturity investments with maturity dates of less than one year.

The Company’s long-term financial instruments are presented in the table of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value within this Note.

Concentrations of Credit Risk of Financial Instruments

The Company is potentially subject to concentrations of credit risk related to its cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments. The Company reduces credit risk by maintaining its cash deposits primarily in FDIC-insured accounts and placing its short-term investments primarily in FDIC-insured certificates of deposit. However, certain cash deposits and certificates of deposit may exceed federally insured limits. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, cash and cash equivalents totaling $65.0 million and $94.7 million, respectively, were neither FDIC insured nor direct obligations of the U.S. government.

Fair Value Disclosure of Financial Instruments

Fair value disclosures are made in accordance with the following hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs of market data and market assumptions used to measure fair value are observable or unobservable:

· Level 1 — Quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets.

· Level 2 — Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

· Level 3 — Unobservable inputs (Company’s market assumptions) that are significant to the valuation model.

Fair value and carrying value disclosures of financial instruments are presented in the following table:

	March 31				December 31
	2019				2018
	(in thousands)
		Carrying		Fair		Carrying		Fair
		Value		Value		Value		Value
Credit Facility(1)	$	70,000	$	70,000	$	70,000	$	70,000
Accounts receivable securitization borrowings(2)		40,000		40,000		40,000		40,000
Notes payable(3)		166,248		167,568		181,409		181,560
	$	276,248	$	277,568	$	291,409	$	291,560

⁽¹⁾ The revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) carries a variable interest rate based on LIBOR, plus a margin, that is considered to be priced at market for debt instruments having similar terms and collateral requirements (Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy).

⁽²⁾ Borrowings under the Company’s accounts receivable securitization program carry a variable interest rate based on LIBOR, plus a margin. The borrowings are considered to be priced at market for debt instruments having similar terms and collateral requirements (Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy).

⁽³⁾ Fair value of the notes payable was determined using a present value income approach based on quoted interest rates from lending institutions with which the Company would enter into similar transactions (Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy).

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table presents the assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

	March 31, 2019
			Fair Value Measurements Using
			Quoted Prices		Significant		Significant
			In Active		Observable		Unobservable
			Markets		Inputs		Inputs
	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
	(in thousands)
Assets:
Money market funds(1)	$	18,530	$	18,530	$	—	$	—
Equity, bond, and money market mutual funds held in trust related to the Voluntary Savings Plan(2)		2,864		2,864		—		—
Interest rate swaps(3)		351		—		351		—
	$	21,745	$	21,394	$	351	$	—

	December 31, 2018
			Fair Value Measurements Using
			Quoted Prices		Significant		Significant
			In Active		Observable		Unobservable
			Markets		Inputs		Inputs
	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
	(in thousands)
Assets:
Money market funds(1)	$	42,470	$	42,470	$	—	$	—
Equity, bond, and money market mutual funds held in trust related to the Voluntary Savings Plan(2)		2,342		2,342		—		—
Interest rate swaps(3)		801		—		801		—
	$	45,613	$	44,812	$	801	$	—
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration(4)	$	4,472	$	—	$	—	$	4,472

⁽¹⁾ Included in cash and cash equivalents.

⁽²⁾ Nonqualified deferred compensation plan investments consist of U.S. and international equity mutual funds, government and corporate bond mutual funds, and money market funds which are held in a trust with a third-party brokerage firm. Included in other long‑term assets, with a corresponding liability reported within other long-term liabilities.

⁽³⁾ Included in other long-term assets. The fair values of the interest rate swaps were determined by discounting future cash flows and receipts based on expected interest rates observed in market interest rate curves adjusted for estimated credit valuation considerations reflecting nonperformance risk of the Company and the counterparty, which are considered to be in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The Company assessed Level 3 inputs as insignificant to the valuation at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and considers the interest rate swap valuations in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

⁽⁴⁾ Included in accrued expenses. At December 31, 2018, the fair value of the contingent consideration for an earn-out agreement related to the September 2016 acquisition of LDS represents the final accrued payment and was based on calculations performed for the earn-out period which ended August 31, 2018. In January 2019, final payment of the contingent consideration was released from an escrow account reported in other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

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GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

NOTE C – GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill by reportable operating segment consisted of $107.7 million and $0.6 million reported in the ArcBest and FleetNet segments, respectively, for both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Intangible assets consisted of the following:

		March 31, 2019						December 31, 2018
	Weighted-Average			Accumulated		Net				Accumulated		Net
	Amortization Period	Cost		Amortization		Value			Cost	Amortization		Value
	(in years)	(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Finite-lived intangible assets
Customer relationships	14	$	60,431	$	25,225	$	35,206	$	60,431	$	24,130	$	36,301
Other	9		1,032		718		314		1,032		684		348
	13		61,463		25,943		35,520		61,463		24,814		36,649
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
Trade name	N/A		32,300		N/A		32,300		32,300		N/A		32,300
Total intangible assets	N/A	$	93,763	$	25,943	$	67,820	$	93,763	$	24,814	$	68,949

The future amortization for intangible assets and software acquired through business acquisitions as of March 31, 2019 were as follows:

			Intangible		Acquired
	Total		Assets		Software(1)
	(in thousands)
Remainder of 2019	$	3,804	$	3,353	$	451
2020		4,471		4,454		17
2021		4,418		4,412		6
2022		4,385		4,385		—
2023		4,287		4,287		—
Thereafter		14,629		14,629		—
Total amortization	$	35,994	$	35,520	$	474

⁽¹⁾ Acquired software is reported in property, plant and equipment.

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INCOME TAXES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

INCOME TAXES

INCOME TAXES

NOTE D – INCOME TAXES

On December 22, 2017, H.R. 1/Public Law 115-97 which includes tax legislation titled Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Reform Act”) was signed into law. Effective January 1, 2018, the Tax Reform Act reduced the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%.  As a result of the Tax Reform Act, the Company recorded a provisional reduction of net deferred income tax liabilities of approximately $24.5 million at December 31, 2017, pursuant to the provisions of ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, which requires the impact of tax law changes to be recognized in the period in which the legislation is enacted. An additional provisional reduction of net deferred income tax liabilities of $2.6 million was recognized at March 31, 2018 related to the reversal of temporary differences through the Company’s fiscal tax year end of February 28, 2018. State tax rates vary among states and average approximately 6.0% to 6.5%, although some state rates are higher and a small number of states do not impose an income tax. The effective tax rate was 25.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2019, and the effective tax benefit rate was 10.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

In addition to the provisional effect on net deferred tax liabilities, the Company recorded a provisional reduction in current income tax expense of $1.3 million and $0.1 million at December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, respectively, as a result of the Tax Reform Act, to reflect the Company’s use of a fiscal year rather than a calendar year for U.S. income tax filing. Due to the fact that the Company’s fiscal tax year included the effective date of the rate change under the Tax Reform Act, taxes were required to be calculated by applying a blended rate to the taxable income for the taxable year ended February 28, 2018. The blended rate is calculated based on the ratio of days in the fiscal year prior to and after the effective date of the rate change. In computing total tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2018, a 32.74% blended federal statutory rate was applied to the two months ended February 28, 2018, and a 21.0% federal statutory rate was applied to the month of March 2018. A federal statutory rate of 21.0% was applied to the three months ended March 31, 2019.

The accounting for the income tax effects of the Tax Reform Act was completed as of December 31, 2018, and all amounts recorded were considered final.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the difference between the Company’s effective tax rate and the federal statutory rate primarily resulted from state income taxes, nondeductible expenses, and changes in the cash surrender value of life insurance. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the difference between the Company’s effective tax rate and the federal statutory rate primarily resulted from the $2.6 million provisional reduction of net deferred income tax liabilities, as previously discussed, and the $1.2 million alternative fuel tax credit related to the year ended December 31, 2017 which was recognized in first quarter 2018 due to the February 2018 passage of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 which retroactively reinstated the alternative fuel tax credit that had previously expired on December 31, 2016. The difference between the Company’s effective tax rate and the federal statutory rate for the three months ended March 31, 2018 also resulted from state income taxes, nondeductible expenses, changes in tax valuation allowances, the tax benefit from the vesting of stock awards, and changes in the cash surrender value of life insurance.

As of March 31, 2019, the Company’s deferred tax liabilities, which will reverse in future years, exceeded the deferred tax assets. The Company evaluated the total deferred tax assets at March 31, 2019 and concluded that, other than for certain deferred tax assets related to state contribution carryforwards, the assets did not exceed the amount for which realization is more likely than not. In making this determination, the Company considered the future reversal of existing taxable temporary differences, future taxable income, and tax planning strategies. Valuation allowances for deferred tax assets totaled $0.1 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

The Company had reserves for uncertain tax positions of $1.0 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

In first quarter of 2019, the Company recorded a deferred tax asset of approximately $19.0 million related to operating lease liabilities and recorded a deferred tax liability of approximately $19.0 million related to operating lease right-of-use assets due to the adoption of ASC Topic 842.

The Company paid federal, state, and foreign income taxes of $6.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019, and paid $1.1 million of foreign and state income taxes during the three months ended March 31, 2018.  The Company received refunds of less than $0.1 million of state income taxes and refunds of $1.0 million of federal and state income taxes that were paid in prior years during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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LEASES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Leases

Leases

NOTE E – LEASES

The Company leases, under finance and operating lease arrangements, certain facilities used primarily in the Asset-Based segment service center operations, certain revenue equipment used in the ArcBest segment operations, and certain other office equipment. Operating leases have remaining terms of less than 10 years, some of which include one or more options to renew, with renewal option terms up to five years, and some of which include options to terminate the leases within the next three years. The right-of-use assets and lease liabilities as of March 31, 2019 do not assume the option to early terminate any of the Company’s leases, and all renewal options that have been exercised or are reasonably certain to be exercised as of March 31, 2019 are included in the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. Variable lease cost for operating leases consists of subsequent changes in CPI index, rent payments that are based on usage, and other lease related payments subject to change and not considered fixed payments. All fixed lease and non-lease component payments are combined in determining the right-of-use asset and lease liability.

The Company has a small number of finance leases recorded in property, plant and equipment and long-term debt related to structures and office equipment that are immaterial to the consolidated financial statements.

The components of operating lease expense were as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2019
	(Unaudited)
	(in thousands)
Operating lease expense	$	5,339
Variable lease expense		839
Sublease income		(67)
Total operating lease expense	$	6,111
Operating cash flows included in the measurement of lease liabilities	$	5,290

Rental expense for operating leases, excluding expenses related to leases with initial terms of less than one year, totaled approximately $5.0million, net of sublease income, for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating lease liabilities was as follows:

	March 31, 2019
	(in thousands, except lease term and discount rate)
			Land and		Equipment
Operating leases		Total	Structures		and Others
Operating right-of-use assets (long-term)	$	68,737	$	66,684	$	2,053
Operating lease liabilities (current)	$	17,678	$	16,644	$	1,034
Operating lease liabilities (long-term)		54,444		53,442		1,002
Total operating lease liabilities	$	72,122	$	70,086	$	2,036
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)		5.5
Weighted average discount rate		3.96%

Maturities of operating lease liabilities at March 31, 2019 were as follows:

					Equipment
			Land and		and
	Total		Structures		Other
Remainder of 2019	$	15,250	$	14,423	$	827
2020		17,924		16,914		1,010
2021		13,675		13,401		274
2022		9,490		9,490		—
2023		6,748		6,748		—
Thereafter		17,564		17,564		—
Total lease payments		80,651		78,540		2,111
Less imputed interest		(8,529)		(8,454)		(75)
Total	$	72,122	$	70,086	$	2,036

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LONG-TERM DEBT AND FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

LONG-TERM DEBT AND FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS

LONG-TERM DEBT AND FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS

NOTE F – LONG-TERM DEBT AND FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS

Long-Term Debt Obligations

Long-term debt consisted of borrowings outstanding under the Company’s revolving credit facility and accounts receivable securitization program, both of which are further described in Financing Arrangements within this Note, and notes payable and finance lease obligations related to the financing of revenue equipment (tractors and trailers used primarily in Asset-Based segment operations), real estate, and certain other equipment as follows:

	March 31		December 31
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Credit Facility (interest rate of 3.7%(1) at March 31, 2019)	$	70,000	$	70,000
Accounts receivable securitization borrowings (interest rate of 3.4% at March 31, 2019)		40,000		40,000
Notes payable (weighted-average interest rate of 3.5% at March 31, 2019)		166,248		181,409
Finance lease obligations (weighted-average interest rate of 5.6% at March 31, 2019)		210		266
		276,458		291,675
Less current portion		48,809		54,075
Long-term debt, less current portion	$	227,649	$	237,600

⁽¹⁾ The interest rate swap mitigates interest rate risk by effectively converting $50.0 million of borrowings under the Credit Facility from variable-rate interest to fixed-rate interest with a per annum rate of 3.10% based on the margin of the Credit Facility as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Scheduled maturities of long-term debt obligations as of March 31, 2019 were as follows:

					Accounts
					Receivable
			Credit		Securitization		Notes		Finance Lease
	Total		Facility(1)		Program(1)		Payable		Obligations(2)
	(in thousands)
Due in one year or less	$	57,780	$	2,590	$	1,338	$	53,655	$	197
Due after one year through two years		47,102		2,383		1,220		43,493		6
Due after two years through three years		83,567		2,341		40,698		40,521		7
Due after three years through four years		99,600		70,629		—		28,971		—
Due after four years through five years		11,714		—		—		11,714		—
Due after five years		—		—		—		—		—
Total payments		299,763		77,943		43,256		178,354		210
Less amounts representing interest		23,305		7,943		3,256		12,106		—
Long-term debt	$	276,458	$	70,000	$	40,000	$	166,248	$	210

⁽¹⁾ The future interest payments included in the scheduled maturities due are calculated using variable interest rates based on the LIBOR swap curve, plus the anticipated applicable margin.

⁽²⁾ Minimum payments of finance lease obligations include maximum amounts due under rental adjustment clauses contained in the finance lease agreements.

Assets securing notes payable or held under finance leases were included in property, plant and equipment as follows:

	March 31		December 31
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Revenue equipment	$	255,398	$	264,396
Land and structures (service centers)		1,794		1,794
Software		1,484		1,484
Service, office, and other equipment		5,941		5,941
Total assets securing notes payable or held under finance leases		264,617		273,615
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization(1)		82,843		79,961
Net assets securing notes payable or held under finance leases	$	181,774	$	193,654

⁽¹⁾ Amortization of assets under held finance leases and depreciation of assets securing notes payable are included in depreciation expense.

Financing Arrangements

Credit Facility

The Company has a revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) under its Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with an initial maximum credit amount of $200.0 million, including a swing line facility in an aggregate amount of up to $20.0 million and a letter of credit sub-facility providing for the issuance of letters of credit up to an aggregate amount of $20.0 million. The Company may request additional revolving commitments or incremental term loans thereunder up to an aggregate additional amount of $100.0 million, subject to certain additional conditions as provided in the Credit Agreement. As of March 31, 2019, the Company had available borrowing capacity of $130.0 million under the Credit Facility.

Principal payments under the Credit Facility are due upon maturity of the facility on July 7, 2022; however, borrowings may be repaid, at the Company’s discretion, in whole or in part at any time, without penalty, subject to required notice periods and compliance with minimum prepayment amounts. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement can either be, at the Company’s election: (i) at an alternate base rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus a spread; or (ii) at a Eurodollar rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus a spread. The applicable spread is dependent upon the Company’s Adjusted Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement). The Credit Agreement contains conditions, representations and warranties, events of default, and indemnification provisions that are customary for financings of this type, including, but not limited to, a minimum interest coverage ratio, a maximum adjusted leverage ratio, and limitations on incurrence of debt, investments, liens on assets, certain sale and leaseback transactions, transactions with affiliates, mergers, consolidations, purchases and sales of assets, and certain restricted payments. The Company was in compliance with the covenants under the Credit Agreement at March 31, 2019.

Interest Rate Swaps

The Company has a five-year interest rate swap agreement with a $50.0 million notional amount maturing on January 2, 2020. The Company receives floating-rate interest amounts based on one-month LIBOR in exchange for fixed-rate interest payments of 1.85% over the life of the agreement. The interest rate swap mitigates interest rate risk by effectively converting $50.0 million of borrowings under the Credit Facility from variable-rate interest to fixed-rate interest with a per annum rate of 3.10% based on the margin of the Credit Facility as of March 31, 2019. The fair value of the interest rate swap of $0.2 million and $0.3 million was recorded in other long-term assets in the consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

In June 2017, the Company entered into a forward-starting interest rate swap agreement with a $50.0 million notional amount which will start on January 2, 2020 upon maturity of the current interest rate swap agreement, and mature on June 30, 2022. The Company will receive floating-rate interest amounts based on one-month LIBOR in exchange for fixed-rate interest payments of 1.99% over the life of the agreement. The interest rate swap mitigates interest rate risk by effectively converting $50.0 million of borrowings under the Credit Facility from variable-rate interest to fixed-rate interest with a per annum rate of 3.24% based on the margin of the Credit Facility as of March 31, 2019. The fair value of the interest rate swap of $0.1 million and $0.5 million was recorded in other long-term assets in the consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

The unrealized gain on the interest rate swap instruments was reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, in stockholders’ equity at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, and the change in the unrealized income on the interest rate swaps for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was reported in other comprehensive loss, net of tax, in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The interest rate swaps are subject to certain customary provisions that could allow the counterparty to request immediate settlement of the fair value liability or asset upon violation of any or all of the provisions. The Company was in compliance with all provisions of the interest rate swap agreements at March 31, 2019.

Accounts Receivable Securitization Program

The Company’s accounts receivable securitization program, which matures on October 1, 2021, allows for cash proceeds of $125.0 million to be provided under the program and has an accordion feature allowing the Company to request additional borrowings up to $25.0 million, subject to certain conditions. Under this program, certain subsidiaries of the Company continuously sell a designated pool of trade accounts receivables to a wholly owned subsidiary which, in turn, may borrow funds on a revolving basis. This wholly owned consolidated subsidiary is a separate bankruptcy-remote entity, and its assets would be available only to satisfy the claims related to the lender’s interest in the trade accounts receivables. Borrowings under the accounts receivable securitization program bear interest based upon LIBOR, plus a margin, and an annual facility fee. The securitization agreement contains representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants, and events of default that are customary for financings of this type, including a maximum adjusted leverage ratio covenant. As of March 31, 2019, $40.0 million was borrowed under the program. The Company was in compliance with the covenants under the accounts receivable securitization program at March 31, 2019.

The accounts receivable securitization program includes a provision under which the Company may request and the letter of credit issuer may issue standby letters of credit, primarily in support of workers’ compensation and third-party casualty claims liabilities in various states in which the Company is self-insured. The outstanding standby letters of credit reduce the availability of borrowings under the program. As of March 31, 2019, standby letters of credit of $14.9 million have been issued under the program, which reduced the available borrowing capacity to $70.1 million.

Letter of Credit Agreements and Surety Bond Programs

As of March 31, 2019, the Company had letters of credit outstanding of $15.5 million (including $14.9 million issued under the accounts receivable securitization program). The Company has programs in place with multiple surety companies for the issuance of surety bonds in support of its self-insurance program. As of March 31, 2019, surety bonds outstanding related to the self-insurance program totaled $48.5 million.

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PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS

PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS

NOTE G – PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS

Nonunion Defined Benefit Pension, Supplemental Benefit, and Postretirement Health Benefit Plans

The following is a summary of the components of net periodic benefit cost:

	Three Months Ended March 31
	Nonunion Defined				Supplemental				Postretirement
	Benefit Pension Plan				Benefit Plan				Health Benefit Plan
	2019		2018		2019		2018		2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Service cost	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	80	$	92
Interest cost		318		1,015		10		27		303		209
Expected return on plan assets		(90)		(401)		—		—		—		—
Amortization of prior service credit		—		—		—		—		(9)		(23)
Pension settlement expense		1,356		654		—		—		—		—
Amortization of net actuarial loss(1)		149		778		24		20		225		76
Net periodic benefit cost	$	1,733	$	2,046	$	34	$	47	$	599	$	354

⁽¹⁾ The Company amortizes actuarial losses over the average remaining active service period of the plan participants and does not use a corridor approach.

Nonunion Defined Benefit Pension Plan

In November 2017, an amendment was executed to terminate the nonunion defined benefit pension plan with a termination date of December 31, 2017. In September 2018, the plan received a favorable determination letter from the IRS regarding qualification of the plan termination. Benefit election forms were provided to plan participants during the fourth quarter of 2018 and participants could elect any form of payment allowed by the plan for immediate commencement of payment or defer payment until a later date. The plan began distributing immediate lump sum benefit payments related to the plan termination in fourth quarter 2018 and continued making these distributions in first quarter 2019. The plan received an extension from the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (the “PBGC”) to allow additional time for the plan to administer the settlement of the remaining obligation for deferred benefits through the purchase of nonparticipating annuity contracts from insurance companies, which is expected to occur in second quarter 2019. The Company will make a cash contribution to the plan for the amount, if any, required to fund benefit distributions and annuity contract purchases in excess of plan assets.

The Company recognized pension settlement expense as a component of net periodic benefit cost of the nonunion defined benefit pension plan for the three months ended March 31, 2019 of $1.4 million (pre-tax), or $1.0 million (after-tax), related to $14.9 million of lump-sum benefit distributions from the plan. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, pension settlement expense of $0.7 million (pre-tax), or $0.5 million (after-tax), was recognized related to $4.8 million of lump-sum distributions from the plan.

Pension settlement charges related to the plan termination, including settlements for lump sum benefit distributions and annuity contract purchases will occur in second quarter 2019. Based on estimates as of March 31, 2019 using available actuarial information, second quarter 2019 nonunion pension settlement expense is estimated to be approximately $2.0 million, or $1.5 million after-tax, and cash funding could total approximately $6.0 million, although there can be no assurances in this regard. The final pension settlement charges and the actual amount the Company will be required to contribute to the plan to fund benefit distributions in excess of plan assets cannot be determined at this time, as the actual amounts are dependent on various factors, including the value of plan assets, the amount of lump-sum benefit distributions paid to participants, and the cost of the nonparticipating annuity contracts. Liquidation of plan assets and settlement of plan obligations is expected to be complete in second quarter 2019.

The Company’s short-term rate of return assumption, net of estimated expenses expected to be paid from plan assets, utilized in determining nonunion defined benefit pension expense was lowered from 1.4% for first quarter 2019 to 0.0% for second quarter 2019, as estimated expenses expected to be paid from plan assets are expected to offset investment returns on plan assets which were held in money market mutual funds as of March 31, 2019.

The following table discloses the changes in benefit obligations and plan assets of the nonunion defined benefit pension plan for the three months ended March 31, 2019:

	Nonunion Defined
	Benefit Pension Plan
	(in thousands)
Change in benefit obligations
Benefit obligations at December 31, 2018	$	33,373
Interest cost		318
Actuarial gain(1)		(766)
Benefits paid		(14,975)
Benefit obligations at March 31, 2019		17,950
Change in plan assets
Fair value of plan assets at December 31, 2018		26,646
Actual return on plan assets		216
Employer contributions		—
Benefits paid		(14,975)
Fair value of plan assets at March 31, 2019		11,887
Funded status at period end(2)	$	(6,063)
Accumulated benefit obligation	$	17,950

⁽¹⁾ The plan recognized an actuarial gain on lump-sum distributions related to benefit elections for plan termination which had been included in the actuarial estimate for the annuity contract purchase as of the December 31, 2018 measurement date.

⁽²⁾ Recognized within current portion of pension and postretirement liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2019.

Multiemployer Plans

ABF Freight System, Inc. and certain other subsidiaries reported in the Company’s Asset-Based operating segment (“ABF Freight”) contribute to multiemployer pension and health and welfare plans, which have been established pursuant to the Taft-Hartley Act, to provide benefits for its contractual employees. ABF Freight’s contributions generally are based on the time worked by its contractual employees, in accordance with the 2018 ABF NMFA and other related supplemental agreements. ABF Freight recognizes as expense the contractually required contributions for each period and recognizes as a liability any contributions due and unpaid.

The 25 multiemployer pension plans to which ABF Freight contributes vary greatly in size and in funded status. Contribution obligations to these plans are generally specified in the 2018 ABF NMFA, which will remain in effect through June 30, 2023. The funding obligations to the pension plans are intended to satisfy the requirements imposed by the Pension Protection Act of 2006, which was permanently extended by the Multiemployer Pension Reform Act (the “Reform Act”) included in the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act of 2015. Provisions of the Reform Act include, among others, providing qualifying plans the ability to self-correct funding issues, subject to various requirements and restrictions, including applying to the U.S. Department of the Treasury for the reduction of certain accrued benefits. Through the term of its current collective bargaining agreement, ABF Freight’s contribution obligations generally will be satisfied by making the specified contributions when due. However, the Company cannot determine with any certainty the contributions that will be required under future collective bargaining agreements for ABF Freight’s contractual employees. If ABF Freight was to completely withdraw from certain multiemployer pension plans, under current law, ABF Freight would have material liabilities for its share of the unfunded vested liabilities of each such plan.

Approximately one half of ABF Freight’s total contributions to multiemployer pension plans are made to the Central States, Southeast and Southwest Areas Pension Plan (the “Central States Pension Plan”). As set forth in the 2018 Annual Funding Notice for the Central States Pension Plan, the funded percentage of the plan was 27.2% as of January 1, 2018. ABF Freight received a Notice of Critical and Declining Status for the Central States Pension Plan dated March 29, 2019, in which the plan’s actuary certified that, as of January 1, 2019, the plan is in critical and declining status, as defined by the Reform Act. Critical and declining status is applicable to critical status plans that are projected to become insolvent anytime within the next 14 plan years, or if the plan is projected to become insolvent within the next 19 plan years and either the plan’s ratio of inactive participants to active participants exceeds two to one or the plan’s funded percentage is less than 80%.

As more fully described in Note I to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of the Company’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, ABF Freight’s multiemployer pension plan obligation with the New England Teamsters and Trucking Industry Pension Fund (the “New England Pension Fund”) was restructured under a transition agreement effective on August 1, 2018, which resulted in a related withdrawal liability for which ABF Freight recognized a one-time charge of $37.9 million (pre-tax) as of June 30, 2018. In accordance with the transition agreement, ABF Freight made an initial lump sum cash payment of $15.1 million in third quarter 2018 and the remainder of the withdrawal liability, which had an initial aggregate present value of $22.8 million, will be settled with monthly payments to the New England Pension Fund over a period of 23 years. In accordance with current tax law, these payments are deductible for income taxes when paid.

As of March 31, 2019, the outstanding withdrawal liability totaled $22.5 million, of which $0.6 million and $21.9 million was recorded in accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities, respectively. The fair value of the obligation was $23.8 million at March 31, 2019, which is equal to the present value of the future withdrawal liability payments, discounted at a 3.9% interest rate determined using the 20-year U.S. Treasury rate plus a spread (Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy).

The multiemployer plan administrators have provided to the Company no other significant changes in information related to multiemployer plans from the information disclosed in the Company’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

NOTE H – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Components of accumulated other comprehensive loss were as follows:

	March 31		December 31
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Pre-tax amounts:
Unrecognized net periodic benefit costs	$	(9,185)	$	(11,821)
Interest rate swap		351		801
Foreign currency translation		(2,512)		(2,816)
Total	$	(11,346)	$	(13,836)
After-tax amounts:
Unrecognized net periodic benefit costs(1)	$	(10,792)	$	(12,749)
Interest rate swap		259		591
Foreign currency translation		(1,855)		(2,080)
Total	$	(12,388)	$	(14,238)

⁽¹⁾ Includes $4.0 million related to a previous valuation allowance on deferred tax assets for nonunion defined benefit pension liabilities which will be reversed to retained earnings upon extinguishment of the nonunion defined benefit pension plan expected to occur in second quarter 2019. The reclassification of stranded income tax effects related to this item is not permitted by ASC Topic 220 which the Company adopted as of January 1, 2018.

The following is a summary of the changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, by component for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018:

			Unrecognized			Interest	Foreign
			Net Periodic			Rate	Currency
	Total		Benefit Costs			Swap	Translation
	(in thousands)
Balances at December 31, 2018	$	(14,238)	$	(12,749)	$	591	$	(2,080)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		554		661		(332)		225
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		1,296		1,296		—		—
Net current-period other comprehensive income		1,850		1,957		(332)		225
Balances at March 31, 2019	$	(12,388)	$	(10,792)	$	259	$	(1,855)
Balances at December 31, 2017	$	(20,574)	$	(19,715)	$	292	$	(1,151)
Adjustment to beginning balance of accumulated other comprehensive loss for adoption of accounting standard(1)		(3,576)		(3,391)		63		(248)
Balances at January 1, 2018		(24,150)		(23,106)		355		(1,399)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		2,954		2,590		436		(72)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		1,118		1,118		—		—
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)		4,072		3,708		436		(72)
Balances at March 31, 2018	$	(20,078)	$	(19,398)	$	791	$	(1,471)

⁽¹⁾ The Company elected to reclassify the stranded income tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive loss to retained earnings as of January 1, 2018 as a result of adopting an amendment to ASC Topic 220.

The following is a summary of the significant reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss by component:

	Unrecognized Net Periodic
	Benefit Costs(1)(2)
	Three Months Ended March 31
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Amortization of net actuarial loss	$	(398)	$	(874)
Amortization of prior service credit		9		23
Pension settlement expense		(1,356)		(654)
Total, pre-tax		(1,745)		(1,505)
Tax benefit		449		387
Total, net of tax	$	(1,296)	$	(1,118)

⁽¹⁾ Amounts in parentheses indicate increases in expense or loss.

⁽²⁾ These components of accumulated other comprehensive loss are included in the computation of net periodic benefit cost (see Note G).

Dividends on Common Stock

The following table is a summary of dividends declared during the applicable quarter:

	2019				2018
	Per Share		Amount		Per Share		Amount
	(in thousands, except per share data)
First quarter	$	0.08	$	2,052	$	0.08	$	2,058

On April 30, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.08 per share to stockholders of record as of May 14, 2019.

Treasury Stock

The Company has a program to repurchase its common stock in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. The program has no expiration date but may be terminated at any time at the Board of Directors’ discretion. Repurchases may be made using the Company’s cash reserves or other available sources. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had $22.3 million remaining under the program for repurchases of its common stock. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company purchased 74,385 shares for an aggregate cost of $2.7 million, leaving $19.6 million available for repurchase of common stock under the program.

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SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

NOTE I – SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

Stock Awards

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had outstanding restricted stock units granted under the 2005 Ownership Incentive Plan (the “2005 Plan”).

On April 30, 2019, the Company’s stockholders approved the ArcBest Corporation Ownership Incentive Plan (the “Ownership Incentive Plan”), which the Company’s Board of Directors adopted on February 22, 2019 to amend and restate the 2005 Plan. The Ownership Incentive Plan provides for the granting of 4.0 million shares, which may be awarded as incentive and nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), or performance award units.

Restricted Stock Units

A summary of the Company’s restricted stock unit award program is presented below:

		Weighted-Average
		Grant Date
	Units	Fair Value
Outstanding – January 1, 2019	1,436,983	$	25.81
Granted	2,400	$	36.05
Vested	(750)	$	31.09
Forfeited(1)	(920)	$	25.61
Outstanding – March 31, 2019	1,437,713	$	25.83

⁽¹⁾ Forfeitures are recognized as they occur.

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EARNINGS PER SHARE

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

EARNINGS PER SHARE

EARNINGS PER SHARE

NOTE J – EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31
	2019		2018
	(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Basic
Numerator:
Net income	$	4,888	$	9,954
Effect of unvested restricted stock awards		(9)		(30)
Adjusted net income	$	4,879	$	9,924
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares		25,570,415		25,642,871
Earnings per common share	$	0.19	$	0.39
Diluted
Numerator:
Net income	$	4,888	$	9,954
Effect of unvested restricted stock awards		(9)		(29)
Adjusted net income	$	4,879	$	9,925
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares		25,570,415		25,642,871
Effect of dilutive securities		941,934		953,505
Adjusted weighted-average shares and assumed conversions		26,512,349		26,596,376
Earnings per common share	$	0.18	$	0.37

Under the two-class method of calculating earnings per share, dividends paid and a portion of undistributed net income, but not losses, are allocated to unvested RSUs that receive dividends, which are considered participating securities. Beginning with 2015 grants, the RSU agreements were modified to remove dividend rights; therefore, the RSUs granted subsequent to 2015 are not participating securities. For the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, outstanding stock awards of 0.2 million and 0.1 million, respectively, were not included in the diluted earnings per share calculation because their inclusion would have the effect of increasing the earnings per share.

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OPERATING SEGMENT DATA

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

OPERATING SEGMENT DATA

OPERATING SEGMENT DATA

NOTE K – OPERATING SEGMENT DATA

The Company uses the “management approach” to determine its reportable operating segments, as well as to determine the basis of reporting the operating segment information. The management approach focuses on financial information that the Company’s management uses to make operating decisions. Management uses revenues, operating expense categories, operating ratios, operating income, and key operating statistics to evaluate performance and allocate resources to the Company’s operations.

Shared services represent costs incurred to support all segments, including sales, pricing, customer service, marketing, capacity sourcing functions, human resources, financial services, information technology, legal, and other company-wide services. Certain overhead costs are not attributable to any segment and remain unallocated in “Other and eliminations.” Included in unallocated costs are expenses related to investor relations, legal, the ArcBest Board of Directors, and certain executive compensation. Shared services costs attributable to the operating segments are predominantly allocated based upon estimated and planned resource utilization-related metrics such as estimated shipment levels, number of pricing proposals, or number of personnel supported. The bases for such charges are modified and adjusted by management when necessary or appropriate to reflect fairly and equitably the actual incidence of cost incurred by the operating segments. Management believes the methods used to allocate expenses are reasonable.

The Company’s reportable operating segments are impacted by seasonal fluctuations which affect tonnage, shipment or service event levels, and demand for services, as described below; therefore, operating results for the interim periods presented may not necessarily be indicative of the results for the fiscal year.

The Company’s reportable operating segments are as follows:

· The Asset-Based segment includes the results of operations of ABF Freight System, Inc. and certain other subsidiaries. The segment operations include national, inter-regional, and regional transportation of general commodities through standard, expedited, and guaranteed LTL services. In addition, the segment operations include freight transportation related to certain consumer household goods self-move services.

Freight shipments and operating costs of the Asset-Based segment can be adversely affected by inclement weather conditions. The second and third calendar quarters of each year usually have the highest tonnage levels while the first quarter generally has the lowest, although other factors, including the state of the U.S. and global economies, may influence quarterly freight tonnage levels.

· The ArcBest segment includes the results of operations of the Company’s service offerings in ground expedite, truckload, truckload-dedicated, intermodal, household goods moving, managed transportation, warehousing and distribution, and international freight transportation for air, ocean, and ground.

ArcBest segment operations are influenced by seasonal fluctuations that impact customers’ supply chains. The second and third calendar quarters of each year usually have the highest shipment levels while the first quarter generally has the lowest, although other factors, including the state of the U.S. and global economies and available capacity in the market, may impact quarterly business levels. Shipments of the ArcBest segment may decline during winter months because of post-holiday slowdowns, but expedite shipments can be subject to short-term increases depending on the impact of weather disruptions to customers’ supply chains. Plant shutdowns during summer months may affect shipments for automotive and manufacturing customers of the ArcBest segment, but severe weather events can result in higher demand for expedite services. Moving services of the ArcBest segment are impacted by seasonal fluctuations, generally resulting in higher business levels in the second and third quarters as the demand for moving services is typically stronger in the summer months.

· FleetNet includes the results of operations of FleetNet America, Inc. and certain other subsidiaries that provide roadside assistance and maintenance management services for commercial vehicles through a network of third-party service providers. FleetNet also provides services to the Asset-Based and ArcBest segments. Approximately 14% of FleetNet’s revenues are for services provided to the Asset-Based and ArcBest segments for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to approximately 4% for the same period of 2018.

Emergency roadside service events of the FleetNet segment are favorably impacted by extreme weather conditions that affect commercial vehicle operations, and the segment’s results of operations will be influenced by seasonal variations in service event volume.

The Company’s other business activities and operating segments that are not reportable include ArcBest Corporation and certain other subsidiaries. Certain costs incurred by the parent holding company and the Company’s shared services subsidiary are allocated to the reporting segments. The Company eliminates intercompany transactions in consolidation. However, the information used by the Company’s management with respect to its reportable segments is before intersegment eliminations of revenues and expenses.

Further classifications of operations or revenues by geographic location are impracticable and, therefore, are not provided. The Company’s foreign operations are not significant.

The following tables reflect reportable operating segment information:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
REVENUES
Asset-Based	$	506,079	$	482,115
ArcBest		173,204		181,933
FleetNet		53,259		47,759
Other and eliminations		(20,703)		(11,806)
Total consolidated revenues	$	711,839	$	700,001
OPERATING EXPENSES
Asset-Based
Salaries, wages, and benefits	$	280,276	$	269,779
Fuel, supplies, and expenses		64,727		62,193
Operating taxes and licenses		12,398		11,756
Insurance		7,991		6,628
Communications and utilities		4,620		4,521
Depreciation and amortization		20,980		20,930
Rents and purchased transportation		49,912		46,133
Shared services		50,712		45,607
Gain on sale of property and equipment		(34)		(133)
Other		882		1,299
Total Asset-Based		492,464		468,713
ArcBest
Purchased transportation		140,105		148,372
Supplies and expenses		2,774		3,230
Depreciation and amortization		3,151		3,408
Shared services		23,031		21,868
Other		2,413		1,881
Restructuring costs(1)		—		9
Total ArcBest		171,474		178,768
FleetNet		51,771		46,238
Other and eliminations		(12,461)		(6,443)
Total consolidated operating expenses	$	703,248	$	687,276

⁽¹⁾ Restructuring costs relate to the realignment of the Company’s corporate structure as further described in Note N to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of the Company’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

	Three Months Ended
	March 31
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
OPERATING INCOME
Asset-Based	$	13,615	$	13,402
ArcBest		1,730		3,165
FleetNet		1,488		1,521
Other and eliminations		(8,242)		(5,363)
Total consolidated operating income	$	8,591	$	12,725
OTHER INCOME (COSTS)
Interest and dividend income	$	1,478	$	526
Interest and other related financing costs		(2,882)		(2,059)
Other, net(1)		(591)		(2,201)
Total other income (costs)		(1,995)		(3,734)
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES	$	6,596	$	8,991

⁽¹⁾ Includes the components of net periodic benefit cost other than service cost related to the Company’s nonunion pension, SBP, and postretirement plans (see Note G) and proceeds and changes in cash surrender value of life insurance policies.

The following table presents operating expenses by category on a consolidated basis:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
OPERATING EXPENSES
Salaries, wages, and benefits	$	343,668	$	328,757
Rents, purchased transportation, and other costs of services		221,025		223,756
Fuel, supplies, and expenses		79,336		78,646
Depreciation and amortization(1)		26,537		26,486
Other		32,682		29,255
Restructuring costs(2)		—		376
	$	703,248	$	687,276

⁽¹⁾ Includes amortization of intangible assets.

⁽²⁾ Restructuring costs relate to the realignment of the Company’s corporate structure as further described in Note N to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of the Company’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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LEGAL PROCEEDINGS, ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS, AND OTHER EVENTS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS, ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS, AND OTHER EVENTS

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS, ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS, AND OTHER EVENTS

NOTE L – LEGAL PROCEEDINGS, ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS, AND OTHER EVENTS

The Company is involved in various legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company maintains liability insurance against certain risks arising out of the normal course of its business, subject to certain self-insured retention limits. The Company routinely establishes and reviews the adequacy of reserves for estimated legal, environmental, and self-insurance exposures. While management believes that amounts accrued in the consolidated financial statements are adequate, estimates of these liabilities may change as circumstances develop. Considering amounts recorded, routine legal matters are not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Environmental Matters

The Company’s subsidiaries store fuel for use in tractors and trucks in 62 underground tanks located in 18 states. Maintenance of such tanks is regulated at the federal and, in most cases, state levels. The Company believes it is in substantial compliance with all such regulations. The Company’s underground storage tanks are required to have leak detection systems. The Company is not aware of any leaks from such tanks that could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company.

The Company has received notices from the Environmental Protection Agency and others that it has been identified as a potentially responsible party under the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act, or other federal or state environmental statutes, at several hazardous waste sites. After investigating the Company’s involvement in waste disposal or waste generation at such sites, the Company has either agreed to de minimis settlements or determined that its obligations, other than those specifically accrued with respect to such sites, would involve immaterial monetary liability, although there can be no assurances in this regard.

At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company’s reserve, which was reported in accrued expenses, for estimated environmental cleanup costs of properties currently or previously operated by the Company totaled $0.6 million. Amounts accrued reflect management’s best estimate of the future undiscounted exposure related to identified properties based on current environmental regulations, management’s experience with similar environmental matters, and testing performed at certain sites.

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ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT PRESENTATION (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT PRESENTATION

Financial Statement Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) pertaining to interim financial information. Accordingly, these interim financial statements do not include all information or footnote disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for complete financial statements and, therefore, should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K and other current filings with the SEC. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (which are of a normal and recurring nature) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual amounts may differ from those estimates.

Interest Rate Swap Derivative Instruments

Interest Rate SwapDerivative Instruments: The Company accounts for its derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities and carries them at fair value. The Company has interest rate swap agreements designated as a cash flow hedges. The effective portion of the gain or loss on the interest rate swap instruments is reported as unrealized gain or loss as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, net of tax, in stockholders’ equity and the change in the unrealized gain or loss on the interest rate swaps is reported in other comprehensive income or loss, net of tax, in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The unrealized gain or loss is reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss into income in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. To receive hedge accounting treatment, cash flow hedges must be highly effective in offsetting changes to expected future cash flows on hedged transactions.

Leases

Leases: The Company leases, under finance and operating lease arrangements, certain facilities used primarily in the Asset-Based segment service center operations, certain revenue equipment used in the ArcBest segment operations, and certain other office equipment. The Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 842, Leases, (“ASC Topic 842”) effective January 1, 2019. In accordance with ASC Topic 842, right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases are recorded on the balance sheet and the related lease expense is recorded on a straight-line basis over the lease term in operating expenses. Included in lease expense are any variable lease payments incurred in the period that were not included in the initial lease liability. For financial reporting purposes, right-of-use assets held under finance leases are amortized over their estimated useful lives on the same basis as owned assets, and leasehold improvements associated with assets utilized under finance or operating leases are amortized by the straight-line method over the shorter of the remaining lease term or the asset’s useful life. Amortization of assets under finance leases is included in depreciation expense. Obligations under the finance lease arrangements are included in long-term debt.

The short-term lease exemption was elected under ASC Topic 842 for all classes of assets to include real property, revenue equipment, and service, office, and other equipment. The Company adopted the policy election as a lessee for all classes of assets to account for each lease component and its related non-lease component(s) as a single lease component. In determining the discount rate, the Company uses the rate implicit in the lease if that rate is readily determinable when entering into a lease as a lessee. If the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate, determined by the price of a fully collateralized loan with similar terms based on current market rates.

For contracts entered into on or after the effective date, an assessment is made as to whether the contract is, or contains, a lease at the inception of a contract. The assessment is based on: (1) whether the contract involves the use of a distinct identified asset; (2) whether the Company obtains the right to substantially all the economic benefit from the use of the asset throughout the period; and (3) whether the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset. For all operating leases that meet the scope of ASC Topic 842, a right-of-use asset and a lease liability are recognized. The right-of-use asset is measured as the initial amount of the lease liability, plus any initial direct costs incurred, less any prepayments prior to commencement or lease incentives received. The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company’s secured incremental borrowing rate for the same term as the underlying lease. Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability are comprised of the following: (1) the fixed noncancelable lease payments, (2) payments for optional renewal periods where it is reasonably certain the renewal period will be exercised, and (3) payments for early termination options unless it is reasonably certain the lease will not be terminated early. Variable lease payments based on an index or rate are initially measured using the index or rate in effect at lease commencement and included in the measurement of the initial lease liability. Additional payments based on the change in an index or rate are recorded as a period expense when incurred. Lease modifications result in remeasurement of the lease liability.

Accounting Pronouncements

Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

ASC Topic 842, which was adopted by the Company effective January 1, 2019, requires lessees to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases with terms greater than 12 months on the balance sheet. The standard also requires additional qualitative and quantitative disclosures designed to assess the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The Company elected the modified retrospective method of applying the transition provisions at the beginning of the period of adoption and, as a result, has not adjusted comparative period financial information and has not included the new lease disclosures for periods before the effective date. Prior period amounts continue to be reported under the Company’s historical accounting in accordance with the previous lease guidance included in ASC Topic 840.

The Company has excluded short-term leases from accounting under ASC Topic 842 and has elected the package of practical expedients as permitted under the transition guidance, which allowed the Company to not reassess: (1) whether contracts are, or contain, leases; (2) lease classification; and (3) capitalization of initial direct costs. For contracts entered into on or after the effective date, an assessment is made as to whether the contract is, or contains, a lease at the inception of a contract. Consistent with the package of practical expedients elected, leases entered into prior to January 1, 2019, are accounted for under ASC Topic 840 and were not reassessed. For all classes of assets, the policy election was made to account for each lease component and its related non-lease component(s) as a single lease component. The election to not recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a term of 12 months or less did not have a material effect on the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities.

The majority of the Company’s lease portfolio consists of real property operating leases related to facilities used in the Asset-Based segment service center operations. The lease portfolio also includes operating leases related to certain revenue equipment used in the ArcBest segment operations as well as a small number of office equipment finance leases. Management has recorded the right-of-use assets and associated lease liabilities for operating leases on the consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2019 in accordance with ASC Topic 842. Finance leases are not material to the consolidated financial statements.

The most significant impact of adopting ASC Topic 842 was the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for operating leases of $58.7 million as of January 1, 2019. The accounting for finance leases (formerly referred to as capital leases prior to the adoption of ASC Topic 842) remained substantially unchanged. The expense recognition for operating leases and finance leases under ASC Topic 842 is substantially consistent with ASC Topic 840 and the impact of the new standard is non-cash in nature. As a result, there is no significant impact on the Company’s results of operations or cash flows presented in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, which was adopted by the Company on January 1, 2019, was amended to change the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results to simplify hedge accounting treatment and better align an entity’s risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships. The amendment did not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) issued Final Rule 33-10618, FAST Act Modernization and Simplification of Regulation S-K, in March 2019 to modernize and simplify certain disclosure requirements in Regulation S-K and the related rules and forms. Effective April 2, 2019, the final rule allows registrants to redact confidential information from most exhibits filed with the SEC without filing a confidential treatment request. Effective May 2, 2019, the final rule requires registrants to include the trading symbol for each class of registered securities on the cover page of certain SEC forms. The final rule also includes certain requirements for eXtensible Business Reporting Language (“XBRL”) reporting and provisions to simplify certain annual disclosure requirements within the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”), Risk Factors, and Properties sections of Form 10-K. The XBRL requirements of the final rule for tagging data on the cover page of certain SEC filings and the use of hyperlinks for information that is incorporated by reference and available on EDGAR will become effective for the Company’s second quarter 2019 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The Company will adopt the provisions of the final rule simplifying certain annual disclosure requirements for its 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The final rule is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statement disclosures or filings with the SEC.

ASC Subtopic 350-40, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software: Customer’s Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement, (“ASC Subtopic 350-40”) was amended by the FASB in August 2018 and is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2020. The amendments to ASC Subtopic 350-40 clarify the accounting treatment for implementation costs incurred by the customer in a cloud computing software arrangement. The amendments allow implementation costs of cloud computing arrangements to be capitalized using the same method prescribed by ASC Subtopic 350-40, Internal-Use Software. The amendments to ASC Subtopic 350-40 will be adopted on a prospective basis and are not expected to have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, was amended to modify the disclosure requirements of fair value measurements, primarily impacting the disclosures for Level 3 fair value measurements. The amendment is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2020 and is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statement disclosures.

ASC Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, (“ASC Topic 326”), was amended to improve the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments, including trade accounts receivable. The amendment is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2020 and is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Management believes there is no other new accounting guidance issued but not yet effective that is relevant to the Company’s current financial statements.  

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FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Schedule components of cash and cash equivalents, short term investments, and restricted funds

	March 31		December 31
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash deposits(1)	$	104,896	$	124,938
Variable rate demand notes(1)(2)		14,973		19,786
Money market funds(3)		18,530		42,470
U.S. Treasury securities(4)		—		2,992
Total cash and cash equivalents	$	138,399	$	190,186
Short-term investments
Certificates of deposit(1)	$	83,425	$	82,949
U.S. Treasury securities(4)		32,800		23,857
Total short-term investments	$	116,225	$	106,806

⁽¹⁾ Recorded at cost plus accrued interest, which approximates fair value.

⁽²⁾ Amounts may be redeemed on a daily basis with the original issuer.

⁽³⁾ Recorded at fair value as determined by quoted market prices (see amounts presented in the table of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value within this Note).

⁽⁴⁾ Recorded at amortized cost plus accrued interest, which approximates fair value. U.S. Treasury securities with a maturity date within 90 days of the purchase date are classified as cash equivalents. U.S. Treasury securities included in short-term investments are held-to-maturity investments with maturity dates of less than one year.

Schedule of fair value and carrying value disclosures of financial instruments

	March 31				December 31
	2019				2018
	(in thousands)
		Carrying		Fair		Carrying		Fair
		Value		Value		Value		Value
Credit Facility(1)	$	70,000	$	70,000	$	70,000	$	70,000
Accounts receivable securitization borrowings(2)		40,000		40,000		40,000		40,000
Notes payable(3)		166,248		167,568		181,409		181,560
	$	276,248	$	277,568	$	291,409	$	291,560

⁽¹⁾ The revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) carries a variable interest rate based on LIBOR, plus a margin, that is considered to be priced at market for debt instruments having similar terms and collateral requirements (Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy).

⁽²⁾ Borrowings under the Company’s accounts receivable securitization program carry a variable interest rate based on LIBOR, plus a margin. The borrowings are considered to be priced at market for debt instruments having similar terms and collateral requirements (Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy).

⁽³⁾ Fair value of the notes payable was determined using a present value income approach based on quoted interest rates from lending institutions with which the Company would enter into similar transactions (Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy).

Schedule of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis

	March 31, 2019
			Fair Value Measurements Using
			Quoted Prices		Significant		Significant
			In Active		Observable		Unobservable
			Markets		Inputs		Inputs
	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
	(in thousands)
Assets:
Money market funds(1)	$	18,530	$	18,530	$	—	$	—
Equity, bond, and money market mutual funds held in trust related to the Voluntary Savings Plan(2)		2,864		2,864		—		—
Interest rate swaps(3)		351		—		351		—
	$	21,745	$	21,394	$	351	$	—

	December 31, 2018
			Fair Value Measurements Using
			Quoted Prices		Significant		Significant
			In Active		Observable		Unobservable
			Markets		Inputs		Inputs
	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
	(in thousands)
Assets:
Money market funds(1)	$	42,470	$	42,470	$	—	$	—
Equity, bond, and money market mutual funds held in trust related to the Voluntary Savings Plan(2)		2,342		2,342		—		—
Interest rate swaps(3)		801		—		801		—
	$	45,613	$	44,812	$	801	$	—
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration(4)	$	4,472	$	—	$	—	$	4,472

⁽¹⁾ Included in cash and cash equivalents.

⁽²⁾ Nonqualified deferred compensation plan investments consist of U.S. and international equity mutual funds, government and corporate bond mutual funds, and money market funds which are held in a trust with a third-party brokerage firm. Included in other long‑term assets, with a corresponding liability reported within other long-term liabilities.

⁽³⁾ Included in other long-term assets. The fair values of the interest rate swaps were determined by discounting future cash flows and receipts based on expected interest rates observed in market interest rate curves adjusted for estimated credit valuation considerations reflecting nonperformance risk of the Company and the counterparty, which are considered to be in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The Company assessed Level 3 inputs as insignificant to the valuation at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and considers the interest rate swap valuations in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

⁽⁴⁾ Included in accrued expenses. At December 31, 2018, the fair value of the contingent consideration for an earn-out agreement related to the September 2016 acquisition of LDS represents the final accrued payment and was based on calculations performed for the earn-out period which ended August 31, 2018. In January 2019, final payment of the contingent consideration was released from an escrow account reported in other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

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GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Schedule of intangible assets

		March 31, 2019						December 31, 2018
	Weighted-Average			Accumulated		Net				Accumulated		Net
	Amortization Period	Cost		Amortization		Value			Cost	Amortization		Value
	(in years)	(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Finite-lived intangible assets
Customer relationships	14	$	60,431	$	25,225	$	35,206	$	60,431	$	24,130	$	36,301
Other	9		1,032		718		314		1,032		684		348
	13		61,463		25,943		35,520		61,463		24,814		36,649
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
Trade name	N/A		32,300		N/A		32,300		32,300		N/A		32,300
Total intangible assets	N/A	$	93,763	$	25,943	$	67,820	$	93,763	$	24,814	$	68,949

Schedule of future amortization for intangible assets and acquired software

			Intangible		Acquired
	Total		Assets		Software(1)
	(in thousands)
Remainder of 2019	$	3,804	$	3,353	$	451
2020		4,471		4,454		17
2021		4,418		4,412		6
2022		4,385		4,385		—
2023		4,287		4,287		—
Thereafter		14,629		14,629		—
Total amortization	$	35,994	$	35,520	$	474

⁽¹⁾ Acquired software is reported in property, plant and equipment.

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LEASES (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Leases

Schedule of components of lease expense

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2019
	(Unaudited)
	(in thousands)
Operating lease expense	$	5,339
Variable lease expense		839
Sublease income		(67)
Total operating lease expense	$	6,111
Operating cash flows included in the measurement of lease liabilities	$	5,290

Schedule of supplemental balance sheet information related to lease liabilities

	March 31, 2019
	(in thousands, except lease term and discount rate)
			Land and		Equipment
Operating leases		Total	Structures		and Others
Operating right-of-use assets (long-term)	$	68,737	$	66,684	$	2,053
Operating lease liabilities (current)	$	17,678	$	16,644	$	1,034
Operating lease liabilities (long-term)		54,444		53,442		1,002
Total operating lease liabilities	$	72,122	$	70,086	$	2,036
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)		5.5
Weighted average discount rate		3.96%

Schedule of maturities of operating lease liabilities

					Equipment
			Land and		and
	Total		Structures		Other
Remainder of 2019	$	15,250	$	14,423	$	827
2020		17,924		16,914		1,010
2021		13,675		13,401		274
2022		9,490		9,490		—
2023		6,748		6,748		—
Thereafter		17,564		17,564		—
Total lease payments		80,651		78,540		2,111
Less imputed interest		(8,529)		(8,454)		(75)
Total	$	72,122	$	70,086	$	2,036

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LONG-TERM DEBT AND FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

LONG-TERM DEBT AND FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS

Schedule of long-term debt

	March 31		December 31
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Credit Facility (interest rate of 3.7%(1) at March 31, 2019)	$	70,000	$	70,000
Accounts receivable securitization borrowings (interest rate of 3.4% at March 31, 2019)		40,000		40,000
Notes payable (weighted-average interest rate of 3.5% at March 31, 2019)		166,248		181,409
Finance lease obligations (weighted-average interest rate of 5.6% at March 31, 2019)		210		266
		276,458		291,675
Less current portion		48,809		54,075
Long-term debt, less current portion	$	227,649	$	237,600

⁽¹⁾ The interest rate swap mitigates interest rate risk by effectively converting $50.0 million of borrowings under the Credit Facility from variable-rate interest to fixed-rate interest with a per annum rate of 3.10% based on the margin of the Credit Facility as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Scheduled maturities of long-term debt obligations

					Accounts
					Receivable
			Credit		Securitization		Notes		Finance Lease
	Total		Facility(1)		Program(1)		Payable		Obligations(2)
	(in thousands)
Due in one year or less	$	57,780	$	2,590	$	1,338	$	53,655	$	197
Due after one year through two years		47,102		2,383		1,220		43,493		6
Due after two years through three years		83,567		2,341		40,698		40,521		7
Due after three years through four years		99,600		70,629		—		28,971		—
Due after four years through five years		11,714		—		—		11,714		—
Due after five years		—		—		—		—		—
Total payments		299,763		77,943		43,256		178,354		210
Less amounts representing interest		23,305		7,943		3,256		12,106		—
Long-term debt	$	276,458	$	70,000	$	40,000	$	166,248	$	210

⁽¹⁾ The future interest payments included in the scheduled maturities due are calculated using variable interest rates based on the LIBOR swap curve, plus the anticipated applicable margin.

⁽²⁾ Minimum payments of finance lease obligations include maximum amounts due under rental adjustment clauses contained in the finance lease agreements.

Schedule of assets securing notes payable or held under capital leases

	March 31		December 31
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Revenue equipment	$	255,398	$	264,396
Land and structures (service centers)		1,794		1,794
Software		1,484		1,484
Service, office, and other equipment		5,941		5,941
Total assets securing notes payable or held under finance leases		264,617		273,615
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization(1)		82,843		79,961
Net assets securing notes payable or held under finance leases	$	181,774	$	193,654

⁽¹⁾ Amortization of assets under held finance leases and depreciation of assets securing notes payable are included in depreciation expense.

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PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS

Summary of the components of net periodic benefit cost

The following is a summary of the components of net periodic benefit cost:

	Three Months Ended March 31
	Nonunion Defined				Supplemental				Postretirement
	Benefit Pension Plan				Benefit Plan				Health Benefit Plan
	2019		2018		2019		2018		2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Service cost	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	80	$	92
Interest cost		318		1,015		10		27		303		209
Expected return on plan assets		(90)		(401)		—		—		—		—
Amortization of prior service credit		—		—		—		—		(9)		(23)
Pension settlement expense		1,356		654		—		—		—		—
Amortization of net actuarial loss(1)		149		778		24		20		225		76
Net periodic benefit cost	$	1,733	$	2,046	$	34	$	47	$	599	$	354

⁽¹⁾ The Company amortizes actuarial losses over the average remaining active service period of the plan participants and does not use a corridor approach.

Schedule of changes in the projected benefit obligation and plan assets of the nonunion defined benefit pension plan

The following table discloses the changes in benefit obligations and plan assets of the nonunion defined benefit pension plan for the three months ended March 31, 2019:

	Nonunion Defined
	Benefit Pension Plan
	(in thousands)
Change in benefit obligations
Benefit obligations at December 31, 2018	$	33,373
Interest cost		318
Actuarial gain(1)		(766)
Benefits paid		(14,975)
Benefit obligations at March 31, 2019		17,950
Change in plan assets
Fair value of plan assets at December 31, 2018		26,646
Actual return on plan assets		216
Employer contributions		—
Benefits paid		(14,975)
Fair value of plan assets at March 31, 2019		11,887
Funded status at period end(2)	$	(6,063)
Accumulated benefit obligation	$	17,950

⁽¹⁾ The plan recognized an actuarial gain on lump-sum distributions related to benefit elections for plan termination which had been included in the actuarial estimate for the annuity contract purchase as of the December 31, 2018 measurement date.

⁽²⁾ Recognized within current portion of pension and postretirement liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2019.

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Components of accumulated other comprehensive loss

Components of accumulated other comprehensive loss were as follows:

	March 31		December 31
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Pre-tax amounts:
Unrecognized net periodic benefit costs	$	(9,185)	$	(11,821)
Interest rate swap		351		801
Foreign currency translation		(2,512)		(2,816)
Total	$	(11,346)	$	(13,836)
After-tax amounts:
Unrecognized net periodic benefit costs(1)	$	(10,792)	$	(12,749)
Interest rate swap		259		591
Foreign currency translation		(1,855)		(2,080)
Total	$	(12,388)	$	(14,238)

⁽¹⁾ Includes $4.0 million related to a previous valuation allowance on deferred tax assets for nonunion defined benefit pension liabilities which will be reversed to retained earnings upon extinguishment of the nonunion defined benefit pension plan expected to occur in second quarter 2019. The reclassification of stranded income tax effects related to this item is not permitted by ASC Topic 220 which the Company adopted as of January 1, 2018.

Summary of changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, by component

			Unrecognized			Interest	Foreign
			Net Periodic			Rate	Currency
	Total		Benefit Costs			Swap	Translation
	(in thousands)
Balances at December 31, 2018	$	(14,238)	$	(12,749)	$	591	$	(2,080)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		554		661		(332)		225
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		1,296		1,296		—		—
Net current-period other comprehensive income		1,850		1,957		(332)		225
Balances at March 31, 2019	$	(12,388)	$	(10,792)	$	259	$	(1,855)
Balances at December 31, 2017	$	(20,574)	$	(19,715)	$	292	$	(1,151)
Adjustment to beginning balance of accumulated other comprehensive loss for adoption of accounting standard(1)		(3,576)		(3,391)		63		(248)
Balances at January 1, 2018		(24,150)		(23,106)		355		(1,399)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		2,954		2,590		436		(72)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		1,118		1,118		—		—
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)		4,072		3,708		436		(72)
Balances at March 31, 2018	$	(20,078)	$	(19,398)	$	791	$	(1,471)

⁽¹⁾ The Company elected to reclassify the stranded income tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive loss to retained earnings as of January 1, 2018 as a result of adopting an amendment to ASC Topic 220.

Summary of the significant reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss by component

The following is a summary of the significant reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss by component:

	Unrecognized Net Periodic
	Benefit Costs(1)(2)
	Three Months Ended March 31
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Amortization of net actuarial loss	$	(398)	$	(874)
Amortization of prior service credit		9		23
Pension settlement expense		(1,356)		(654)
Total, pre-tax		(1,745)		(1,505)
Tax benefit		449		387
Total, net of tax	$	(1,296)	$	(1,118)

⁽¹⁾ Amounts in parentheses indicate increases in expense or loss.

⁽²⁾ These components of accumulated other comprehensive loss are included in the computation of net periodic benefit cost (see Note G).

Summary of dividends declared

	2019				2018
	Per Share		Amount		Per Share		Amount
	(in thousands, except per share data)
First quarter	$	0.08	$	2,052	$	0.08	$	2,058

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SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

Summary of the Company's restricted stock unit award program

		Weighted-Average
		Grant Date
	Units	Fair Value
Outstanding – January 1, 2019	1,436,983	$	25.81
Granted	2,400	$	36.05
Vested	(750)	$	31.09
Forfeited(1)	(920)	$	25.61
Outstanding – March 31, 2019	1,437,713	$	25.83

⁽¹⁾ Forfeitures are recognized as they occur.

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EARNINGS PER SHARE (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

EARNINGS PER SHARE

Schedule of computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31
	2019		2018
	(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Basic
Numerator:
Net income	$	4,888	$	9,954
Effect of unvested restricted stock awards		(9)		(30)
Adjusted net income	$	4,879	$	9,924
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares		25,570,415		25,642,871
Earnings per common share	$	0.19	$	0.39
Diluted
Numerator:
Net income	$	4,888	$	9,954
Effect of unvested restricted stock awards		(9)		(29)
Adjusted net income	$	4,879	$	9,925
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares		25,570,415		25,642,871
Effect of dilutive securities		941,934		953,505
Adjusted weighted-average shares and assumed conversions		26,512,349		26,596,376
Earnings per common share	$	0.18	$	0.37

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OPERATING SEGMENT DATA (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

OPERATING SEGMENT DATA

Schedule of reportable operating segment information

	Three Months Ended
	March 31
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
REVENUES
Asset-Based	$	506,079	$	482,115
ArcBest		173,204		181,933
FleetNet		53,259		47,759
Other and eliminations		(20,703)		(11,806)
Total consolidated revenues	$	711,839	$	700,001
OPERATING EXPENSES
Asset-Based
Salaries, wages, and benefits	$	280,276	$	269,779
Fuel, supplies, and expenses		64,727		62,193
Operating taxes and licenses		12,398		11,756
Insurance		7,991		6,628
Communications and utilities		4,620		4,521
Depreciation and amortization		20,980		20,930
Rents and purchased transportation		49,912		46,133
Shared services		50,712		45,607
Gain on sale of property and equipment		(34)		(133)
Other		882		1,299
Total Asset-Based		492,464		468,713
ArcBest
Purchased transportation		140,105		148,372
Supplies and expenses		2,774		3,230
Depreciation and amortization		3,151		3,408
Shared services		23,031		21,868
Other		2,413		1,881
Restructuring costs(1)		—		9
Total ArcBest		171,474		178,768
FleetNet		51,771		46,238
Other and eliminations		(12,461)		(6,443)
Total consolidated operating expenses	$	703,248	$	687,276

⁽¹⁾ Restructuring costs relate to the realignment of the Company’s corporate structure as further described in Note N to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of the Company’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

	Three Months Ended
	March 31
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
OPERATING INCOME
Asset-Based	$	13,615	$	13,402
ArcBest		1,730		3,165
FleetNet		1,488		1,521
Other and eliminations		(8,242)		(5,363)
Total consolidated operating income	$	8,591	$	12,725
OTHER INCOME (COSTS)
Interest and dividend income	$	1,478	$	526
Interest and other related financing costs		(2,882)		(2,059)
Other, net(1)		(591)		(2,201)
Total other income (costs)		(1,995)		(3,734)
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES	$	6,596	$	8,991

⁽¹⁾ Includes the components of net periodic benefit cost other than service cost related to the Company’s nonunion pension, SBP, and postretirement plans (see Note G) and proceeds and changes in cash surrender value of life insurance policies.

The following table presents operating expenses by category on a consolidated basis:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
OPERATING EXPENSES
Salaries, wages, and benefits	$	343,668	$	328,757
Rents, purchased transportation, and other costs of services		221,025		223,756
Fuel, supplies, and expenses		79,336		78,646
Depreciation and amortization(1)		26,537		26,486
Other		32,682		29,255
Restructuring costs(2)		—		376
	$	703,248	$	687,276

⁽¹⁾ Includes amortization of intangible assets.

⁽²⁾ Restructuring costs relate to the realignment of the Company’s corporate structure as further described in Note N to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of the Company’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT PRESENTATION (Organization) (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019 segment
Organization and description of business
Number of reportable operating segments	3
Asset-Based
Organization and description of business
Percentage of the Company's revenues, before other revenues and intercompany eliminations, represented by the Asset-Based segment	69.00%
Asset-Based | Unionized employees concentration risk | Number of employees
Organization and description of business
Percentage of Asset-Based segment employees covered under collective bargaining agreement with the IBT	82.00%

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ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT PRESENTATION (Leases) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Jan. 01, 2019
Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
Operating right of use assets	$ 68,737
Lease liability	$ 72,122
Lease, Practical Expedients, Package	true
ASC Topic 842, Leases | Adjustment
Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
Operating right of use assets		$ 58,700
Lease liability		$ 58,700

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FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Cash and Cash Equivalents and Short-term Investments) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Fair value disclosure
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 138,399	$ 190,186
Short-term investments	116,225	106,806
Concentrations of Credit Risk of Financial Instruments
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term deposits not FDIC-insured	65,000	94,700
Cash deposits
Fair value disclosure
Cash and cash equivalents	104,896	124,938
Variable rate demand notes
Fair value disclosure
Cash and cash equivalents	14,973	19,786
Money market funds
Fair value disclosure
Cash and cash equivalents	18,530	42,470
Certificates of deposit
Fair value disclosure
Short-term investments	83,425	82,949
U.S. Treasury securities
Fair value disclosure
Cash and cash equivalents		2,992
Short-term investments	$ 32,800	$ 23,857

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FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Debt) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Carrying Value
Fair value disclosure
Debt obligations	$ 276,248	$ 291,409
Fair Value
Fair value disclosure
Debt obligations	277,568	291,560
Credit Facility | Level 2 | Carrying Value
Fair value disclosure
Debt obligations	70,000	70,000
Credit Facility | Level 2 | Fair Value
Fair value disclosure
Debt obligations	70,000	70,000
Accounts receivable securitization borrowings | Level 2 | Carrying Value
Fair value disclosure
Debt obligations	40,000	40,000
Accounts receivable securitization borrowings | Level 2 | Fair Value
Fair value disclosure
Debt obligations	40,000	40,000
Notes payable | Level 2 | Carrying Value
Fair value disclosure
Debt obligations	166,248	181,409
Notes payable | Level 2 | Fair Value
Fair value disclosure
Debt obligations	$ 167,568	$ 181,560

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FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Assets and Liabilities) (Details) - Recurring basis - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Assets:
Assets	$ 21,745	$ 45,613
Cash and cash equivalents
Assets:
Money market funds	18,530	42,470
Other long-term assets
Assets:
Equity, bond, and money market mutual funds held in trust related to the Voluntary Savings Plan	2,864	2,342
Interest rate swaps	351	801
Accrued and other long term liabilities
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration		4,472
Level 1
Assets:
Assets	21,394	44,812
Level 1 | Cash and cash equivalents
Assets:
Money market funds	18,530	42,470
Level 1 | Other long-term assets
Assets:
Equity, bond, and money market mutual funds held in trust related to the Voluntary Savings Plan	2,864	2,342
Level 2
Assets:
Assets	351	801
Level 2 | Other long-term assets
Assets:
Interest rate swaps	$ 351	801
Level 3 | Accrued and other long term liabilities
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration		$ 4,472

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GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Goodwill) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Goodwill by reportable operating segment
Goodwill	$ 108,320	$ 108,320
ArcBest
Goodwill by reportable operating segment
Goodwill	107,700	107,700
FleetNet
Goodwill by reportable operating segment
Goodwill	$ 600	$ 600

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GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Intangible) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Finite-lived intangible assets
Weighted Average Amortization Period	13 years
Cost	$ 61,463	$ 61,463
Accumulated Amortization	25,943	24,814
Net Value	35,520	36,649
Total intangible assets
Cost	93,763	93,763
Net Value	67,820	68,949
Trade name
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
Net Value	$ 32,300	32,300
Customer relationships
Finite-lived intangible assets
Weighted Average Amortization Period	14 years
Cost	$ 60,431	60,431
Accumulated Amortization	25,225	24,130
Net Value	$ 35,206	36,301
Other intangible assets
Finite-lived intangible assets
Weighted Average Amortization Period	9 years
Cost	$ 1,032	1,032
Accumulated Amortization	718	684
Net Value	$ 314	$ 348

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GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Amortization) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Future amortization for intangible assets and acquired software
Remainder of 2019	$ 3,804
2020	4,471
2021	4,418
2022	4,385
2023	4,287
Thereafter	14,629
Total amortization	35,994
Future amortization for intangible assets
Remainder of 2019	3,353
2020	4,454
2021	4,412
2022	4,385
2023	4,287
Thereafter	14,629
Net Value	35,520	$ 36,649
Future amortization for acquired software
Remainder of 2019	451
2020	17
2021	6
Total amortization, Acquired software	$ 474

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INCOME TAXES (Tax Reform Act) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	2 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Feb. 28, 2018	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Impact of Tax Reform Act
Statutory federal rate (as a percent)	21.00%	32.74%	21.00%		35.00%
Reduction of deferred tax liabilities due to Tax Reform Act				$ 2.6	$ 24.5
State tax, low end of range of rate (as a percent)			6.00%
State tax, high end of range of rate (as a percent)			6.50%
Effective tax rate (as a percent)			25.90%	10.70%
Provisional reduction in current income tax expense due Tax Reform Act reflecting use of fiscal year rather than calendar year federal income tax filing				$ 0.1	1.3
Alternative fuel tax credit					$ 1.2

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INCOME TAXES (Allowance) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Deferred tax assets:
Valuation allowance	$ 0.1	$ 0.1

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INCOME TAXES (Uncertain Tax Positions) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
INCOME TAXES
Reserve for uncertain tax positions	$ 1.0	$ 1.0

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INCOME TAXES (Deferred taxes) (Details) - ASC Topic 842, Leases - Adjustment $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Deferred tax assets:
Deferred tax assets	$ 19.0
Deferred tax liabilities	$ 19.0

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INCOME TAXES (Taxes Paid) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Income taxes
Income taxes paid (in dollars)	$ 6.6	$ 1.1
Income tax refunds received (in dollars)		$ 1.0
Maximum
Income taxes
Income tax refunds received (in dollars)	$ 0.1

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LEASES (Lease terms) (Details) - Maximum	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Operating leases
Remaining lease term	10 years
Operating lease, renewal term	5 years
Option to terminate lease, period	3 years

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LEASES (Components of Lease Expense) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Leases
Operating lease expense	$ 5,339
Variable lease expense	839
Sublease income	(67)
Total operating lease expense	6,111
Operating cash flows included in the measurement of lease liabilities	$ 5,290
Rental expense for operating leases		$ 5,000

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LEASES (Supplemental Balance Sheet Information) (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Operating leases
Operating right-of-use assets (long-term)	$ 68,737
Operating lease liabilities (current)	17,678
Operating lease liabilities (long-term)	54,444
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 72,122
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)	5 years 6 months
Weighted average discount rate	3.96%
Land and Structures
Operating leases
Operating right-of-use assets (long-term)	$ 66,684
Operating lease liabilities (current)	16,644
Operating lease liabilities (long-term)	53,442
Total operating lease liabilities	70,086
Equipment and Others
Operating leases
Operating right-of-use assets (long-term)	2,053
Operating lease liabilities (current)	1,034
Operating lease liabilities (long-term)	1,002
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 2,036

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LEASES (Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities) (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Maturities of operating lease liabilities
Remainder of 2019	$ 15,250
2020	17,924
2021	13,675
2022	9,490
2023	6,748
Thereafter	17,564
Total lease payments	80,651
Less imputed interest	(8,529)
Total operating lease liabilities	72,122
Land and Structures
Maturities of operating lease liabilities
Remainder of 2019	14,423
2020	16,914
2021	13,401
2022	9,490
2023	6,748
Thereafter	17,564
Total lease payments	78,540
Less imputed interest	(8,454)
Total operating lease liabilities	70,086
Equipment and Others
Maturities of operating lease liabilities
Remainder of 2019	827
2020	1,010
2021	274
Total lease payments	2,111
Less imputed interest	(75)
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 2,036

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LONG-TERM DEBT AND FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS (Summary) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Long-term debt obligations
Long-term debt	$ 276,458	$ 291,675
Less current portion	48,809	54,075
Long-term debt, less current portion	227,649	237,600
Payments under long-term debt obligations
Due in one year or less	57,780
Due after one year through two years	47,102
Due after two years through three years	83,567
Due after three years through four years	99,600
Due after four years through five years	11,714
Total payments	299,763
Less amounts representing interest	23,305
Long-term debt	276,458	291,675
Credit Facility
Long-term debt obligations
Long-term debt	$ 70,000	70,000
Interest rate (as a percent)	3.70%
Payments under long-term debt obligations
Due in one year or less	$ 2,590
Due after one year through two years	2,383
Due after two years through three years	2,341
Due after three years through four years	70,629
Total payments	77,943
Less amounts representing interest	7,943
Long-term debt	70,000	$ 70,000
Credit Facility | Interest rate swap agreement
Long-term debt obligations
Amount of borrowings covered by the interest rate swap	$ 50,000
Effective fixed interest rate on hedged borrowings (as a percent)	3.10%	3.10%
Accounts receivable securitization borrowings
Long-term debt obligations
Long-term debt	$ 40,000	$ 40,000
Interest rate (as a percent)	3.40%
Payments under long-term debt obligations
Due in one year or less	$ 1,338
Due after one year through two years	1,220
Due after two years through three years	40,698
Total payments	43,256
Less amounts representing interest	3,256
Long-term debt	40,000	40,000
Notes payable
Long-term debt obligations
Long-term debt	$ 166,248	181,409
Weighted-average interest rate (as a percent)	3.50%
Payments under long-term debt obligations
Due in one year or less	$ 53,655
Due after one year through two years	43,493
Due after two years through three years	40,521
Due after three years through four years	28,971
Due after four years through five years	11,714
Total payments	178,354
Less amounts representing interest	12,106
Long-term debt	166,248	181,409
Finance lease obligations
Long-term debt obligations
Long-term debt	$ 210	266
Weighted-average interest rate (as a percent)	5.60%
Payments under long-term debt obligations
Due in one year or less	$ 197
Due after one year through two years	6
Due after two years through three years	7
Total payments	210
Long-term debt	$ 210	$ 266

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LONG-TERM DEBT AND FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS (Assets Sec) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Financing Arrangements
Total assets securing notes payable or held under finance leases	$ 264,617	$ 273,615
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	82,843	79,961
Net assets securing notes payable or held under finance leases	181,774	193,654
Revenue equipment
Financing Arrangements
Total assets securing notes payable or held under finance leases	255,398	264,396
Land and structures (service centers)
Financing Arrangements
Total assets securing notes payable or held under finance leases	1,794	1,794
Software
Financing Arrangements
Total assets securing notes payable or held under finance leases	1,484	1,484
Service, office, and other equipment
Financing Arrangements
Total assets securing notes payable or held under finance leases	$ 5,941	$ 5,941

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LONG-TERM DEBT AND FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS (Financing arrangements - Credit Facility) (Details) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Credit Facility
Financing Arrangements
Maximum borrowing capacity	$ 200.0
Additional borrowing capacity that may be requested	100.0
Remaining borrowing capacity	130.0
Swing Line Facility
Financing Arrangements
Maximum borrowing capacity	20.0
Letters of Credit, Sub-Facility
Financing Arrangements
Maximum borrowing capacity	20.0
Accounts receivable securitization borrowings
Financing Arrangements
Maximum borrowing capacity	125.0
Additional borrowing capacity that may be requested	25.0
Remaining borrowing capacity	$ 70.1

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LONG-TERM DEBT AND FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS (Financing arrangements - Interest rate swaps) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2014	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Interest rate swap agreement
Financing Arrangements
Term of swap agreement	5 years
Notional amount		$ 50.0
Fixed interest rate payments (as a percent)		1.85%
Interest rate swap agreement | Other long-term assets
Financing Arrangements
Fair value of interest rate swap, asset		$ 0.2	$ 0.3
Interest rate swap agreement | Credit Facility
Financing Arrangements
Amount of borrowings covered by the interest rate swap		$ 50.0
Effective fixed interest rate on hedged borrowings (as a percent)		3.10%	3.10%
Forward-starting interest rate swap agreement
Financing Arrangements
Notional amount				$ 50.0
Fixed interest rate payments (as a percent)		1.99%
Forward-starting interest rate swap agreement | Other long-term assets
Financing Arrangements
Fair value of interest rate swap, asset		$ 0.1	$ 0.5
Forward-starting interest rate swap agreement | Credit Facility
Financing Arrangements
Amount of borrowings covered by the interest rate swap		$ 50.0
Effective fixed interest rate on hedged borrowings (as a percent)		3.24%

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LONG-TERM DEBT AND FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS (Financing arrangements - Securitization program) (Details) - Accounts receivable securitization borrowings $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Financing Arrangements
Maximum borrowing capacity	$ 125.0
Additional borrowing capacity that may be requested	25.0
Amount outstanding	40.0
Outstanding letters of credit	14.9
Remaining borrowing capacity	$ 70.1

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LONG-TERM DEBT AND FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS (Financing arrangements - Letters of credit & Surety bonds (Details) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Accounts receivable securitization borrowings
Financing Arrangements
Outstanding letters of credit	$ 14.9
Letter of Credit Agreements
Financing Arrangements
Outstanding letters of credit	15.5
Surety bonds
Financing Arrangements
Outstanding surety bonds under uncollateralized bond programs	$ 48.5

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PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS (Components of cost) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Components of net periodic benefit cost
Pension settlement expense	$ 1,356	$ 654
Nonunion Defined Benefit Pension Plan
Components of net periodic benefit cost
Interest cost	318	1,015
Expected return on plan assets	(90)	(401)
Pension settlement expense	1,356	654
Amortization of net actuarial loss	149	778
Net periodic benefit cost	1,733	2,046
Supplemental Benefit Plan
Components of net periodic benefit cost
Interest cost	10	27
Amortization of net actuarial loss	24	20
Net periodic benefit cost	34	47
Postretirement Health Benefit Plan
Components of net periodic benefit cost
Service cost	80	92
Interest cost	303	209
Amortization of prior service credit	(9)	(23)
Amortization of net actuarial loss	225	76
Net periodic benefit cost	$ 599	$ 354

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PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS (Nonunion) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Pension and other postretirement benefit plans
Pension settlement expense, pre-tax		$ 1,356	$ 654
Pension settlement expense, net of tax		1,007	486
Nonunion Defined Benefit Pension Plan
Pension and other postretirement benefit plans
Pension settlement expense, pre-tax		1,356	654
Pension settlement expense, net of tax		1,000	500
Lump-sum distributions		$ 14,900	$ 4,800
Expected return on plan assets (as a percent)		1.40%
Nonunion Defined Benefit Pension Plan | Forecast
Pension and other postretirement benefit plans
Pension settlement expense, pre-tax	$ 2,000
Pension settlement expense, after-tax	1,500
Employer contributions	$ 6,000
Expected return on plan assets (as a percent)	0.00%

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PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS (Funded status) (Details) - Nonunion Defined Benefit Pension Plan - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Change in benefit obligations
Benefit obligations at beginning of period	$ 33,373
Interest cost	318	$ 1,015
Actuarial gain	(766)
Benefits paid	(14,975)
Benefit obligations at end of period	17,950
Change in plan assets
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of period	26,646
Actual return on plan assets	216
Benefits paid	(14,975)
Fair value of plan assets at end of period	11,887
Funded status at period end	(6,063)
Accumulated benefit obligation	$ 17,950

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PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS (Multiemployer Plans) (Details) - Multiemployer pension plans - Asset-Based $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($) plan	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Jan. 01, 2018
Multiemployer Plans
Number of multiemployer plans to which ABF Freight currently contributes | plan		25
Maximum projected time to insolvency for plans in "critical and declining" status		14 years
Maximum projected time to insolvency for plans in "critical and declining" status if additional criteria apply		19 years
Threshold ratio of inactive to active participants for greater insolvency period to determine "critical and declining" status		2
Threshold funded percentage for greater insolvency period to determine "critical and declining" status		80.00%
Central States Pension Plan
Multiemployer Plans
Approximate proportion of multiemployer pension plan contributions (as a percent)		50.00%
Actuarially certified projected funded percentage of multiemployer pension plan				27.20%
New England Pension Fund
Multiemployer Plans
Multiemployer pension fund withdrawal liability charge (pre-tax)	$ 37.9
Initial lump sum payment of withdrawal liability			$ 15.1
Aggregate present value of monthly payments	$ 22.8
Withdrawal liability monthly payments period (in years)	23 years
Outstanding withdrawal liability		$ 22.5
Fair value of withdrawal obligation		$ 23.8
Discount rate using 20-year U.S. Treasury (as a percent)		3.90%
New England Pension Fund | Accrued expenses
Multiemployer Plans
Outstanding withdrawal liability		$ 0.6
New England Pension Fund | Other long-term liabilities
Multiemployer Plans
Outstanding withdrawal liability		$ 21.9

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (AOCI) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Total after-tax amount	$ 721,755	$ 717,682	$ 665,474	$ 651,462
Amount remaining in unrecognized net periodic benefit costs portion of accumulated other comprehensive income for previous valuation allowance on deferred tax assets	4,000
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Total pre-tax amount	(11,346)	(13,836)
Total after-tax amount	(12,388)	(14,238)	(20,078)	(20,574)
Unrecognized Net Periodic Benefit Costs
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Total pre-tax amount	(9,185)	(11,821)
Total after-tax amount	(10,792)	(12,749)	(19,398)	(19,715)
Interest Rate Swap, 2019
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Total pre-tax amount	351
Total after-tax amount	259	591
Interest Rate Swap, 2018
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Total pre-tax amount		801
Total after-tax amount		591	791	292
Foreign Currency Translation
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Total pre-tax amount	(2,512)	(2,816)
Total after-tax amount	$ (1,855)	$ (2,080)	$ (1,471)	$ (1,151)

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (AOCI comp) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, by component
Balances	$ 717,682	$ 651,462
Adjustment to beginning balance of accumulated other comprehensive loss for adoption of accounting standard			$ 416
Adjusted Balances			651,878
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME, net of tax	1,850	4,072
Balances	721,755	665,474
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, by component
Balances	(14,238)	(20,574)
Adjustment to beginning balance of accumulated other comprehensive loss for adoption of accounting standard			(3,576)
Adjusted Balances			(24,150)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	554	2,954
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	1,296	1,118
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME, net of tax	1,850	4,072
Balances	(12,388)	(20,078)
Unrecognized Net Periodic Benefit Costs
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, by component
Balances	(12,749)	(19,715)
Adjustment to beginning balance of accumulated other comprehensive loss for adoption of accounting standard			(3,391)
Adjusted Balances			(23,106)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	661	2,590
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	1,296	1,118
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME, net of tax	1,957	3,708
Balances	(10,792)	(19,398)
Interest Rate Swap, 2019
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, by component
Balances	591
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(332)
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME, net of tax	(332)
Balances	259
Interest Rate Swap, 2018
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, by component
Balances	591	292
Adjustment to beginning balance of accumulated other comprehensive loss for adoption of accounting standard			63
Adjusted Balances			355
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		436
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME, net of tax		436
Balances		791
Foreign Currency Translation
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, by component
Balances	(2,080)	(1,151)
Adjustment to beginning balance of accumulated other comprehensive loss for adoption of accounting standard			(248)
Adjusted Balances			$ (1,399)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	225	(72)
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME, net of tax	225	(72)
Balances	$ (1,855)	$ (1,471)

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Reclass) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Unrecognized Net Periodic Benefit Costs
Significant reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss by component
Total, pre-tax	$ (1,745)	$ (1,505)
Tax benefit	449	387
Total, net of tax	(1,296)	(1,118)
Amortization of net actuarial loss
Significant reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss by component
Total, pre-tax	(398)	(874)
Amortization of prior service credit
Significant reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss by component
Total, pre-tax	9	23
Pension settlement expense
Significant reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss by component
Total, pre-tax	$ (1,356)	$ (654)

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Dividends) (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Dividends on Common Stock
Dividends declared (in dollars per share)		$ 0.08	$ 0.08
Dividend Amount		$ 2,052	$ 2,058
Subsequent Event
Dividends on Common Stock
Dividends declared (in dollars per share)	$ 0.08

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Treasury Stock) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Treasury Stock
Aggregate cost of shares repurchased during the period	$ 2,663	$ 201
Treasury stock (in shares)	3,172,019		3,097,634
Stock Repurchase Program
Treasury Stock
Number of shares repurchased during the period	74,385
Aggregate cost of shares repurchased during the period	$ 2,700
Amount available for repurchase	$ 19,600		$ 22,300

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SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION (Details) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Apr. 30, 2019
Subsequent Event
Share-based compensation
Number of shares authorized		4,000,000
Restricted Stock Units
Award activity
Outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares)	1,436,983
Granted (in shares)	2,400
Vested (in shares)	(750)
Forfeited (in shares)	(920)
Outstanding at the end of the period (in shares)	1,437,713
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at the beginning of the period (in dollars per share)	$ 25.81
Granted (in dollars per share)	36.05
Vested (in dollars per share)	31.09
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	25.61
Outstanding at the end of the period (in dollars per share)	$ 25.83

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EARNINGS PER SHARE (Basic and Diluted) (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Basic, numerator:
Net income	$ 4,888	$ 9,954
Effect of unvested restricted stock unit awards	(9)	(30)
Adjusted net income	$ 4,879	$ 9,924
Basic, denominator:
Weighted-average shares	25,570,415	25,642,871
Earnings per common share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.19	$ 0.39
Diluted, numerator:
Net income	$ 4,888	$ 9,954
Effect of unvested restricted stock unit awards	(9)	(29)
Adjusted net income	$ 4,879	$ 9,925
Diluted, denominator:
Weighted-average shares	25,570,415	25,642,871
Effect of dilutive securities	941,934	953,505
Adjusted weighted-average shares and assumed conversions	26,512,349	26,596,376
Earnings per common share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.18	$ 0.37

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EARNINGS PER SHARE (AntiDil) (Details) - shares shares in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Stock awards
Antidilutive securities
Outstanding stock awards not included in calculation of diluted earnings (loss) per share (in shares)	0.2	0.1

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OPERATING SEGMENT DATA - (Concentrations) (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Revenues | Customer concentration risk | FleetNet | Asset-Based and ArcBest segments
Concentrations
Concentration Risk, Percentage	14.00%	4.00%

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OPERATING SEGMENT DATA - (Rev and Expenses) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
REVENUES
Revenues	$ 711,839	$ 700,001
OPERATING EXPENSES
Salaries, wages, and benefits	343,668	328,757
Fuel, supplies, and expenses	79,336	78,646
Depreciation and amortization	26,537	26,486
Gain on sale of property and equipment	(43)	(221)
Other	32,682	29,255
Restructuring costs		376
Total consolidated operating expenses	703,248	687,276
OPERATING INCOME
OPERATING INCOME	8,591	12,725
OTHER INCOME (COSTS)
Interest and dividend income	1,478	526
Interest and other related financing costs	(2,882)	(2,059)
Other, net	(591)	(2,201)
TOTAL OTHER INCOME (COSTS)	(1,995)	(3,734)
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES	6,596	8,991
Operating Segments | Asset-Based
REVENUES
Revenues	506,079	482,115
OPERATING EXPENSES
Salaries, wages, and benefits	280,276	269,779
Fuel, supplies, and expenses	64,727	62,193
Operating taxes and licenses	12,398	11,756
Insurance	7,991	6,628
Communications and utilities	4,620	4,521
Depreciation and amortization	20,980	20,930
Rents and purchased transportation	49,912	46,133
Shared services	50,712	45,607
Gain on sale of property and equipment	(34)	(133)
Other	882	1,299
Total consolidated operating expenses	492,464	468,713
OPERATING INCOME
OPERATING INCOME	13,615	13,402
Operating Segments | ArcBest
REVENUES
Revenues	173,204	181,933
OPERATING EXPENSES
Purchased transportation	140,105	148,372
Supplies and expenses	2,774	3,230
Depreciation and amortization	3,151	3,408
Shared services	23,031	21,868
Other	2,413	1,881
Restructuring costs		9
Total consolidated operating expenses	171,474	178,768
OPERATING INCOME
OPERATING INCOME	1,730	3,165
Operating Segments | FleetNet
REVENUES
Revenues	53,259	47,759
OPERATING EXPENSES
Total consolidated operating expenses	51,771	46,238
OPERATING INCOME
OPERATING INCOME	1,488	1,521
Other and eliminations
REVENUES
Revenues	(20,703)	(11,806)
OPERATING EXPENSES
Total consolidated operating expenses	(12,461)	(6,443)
OPERATING INCOME
OPERATING INCOME	$ (8,242)	$ (5,363)

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OPERATING SEGMENT DATA - (Operating Expenses) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
OPERATING EXPENSES
Salaries, wages, and benefits	$ 343,668	$ 328,757
Rents, purchased transportation, and other costs of services	221,025	223,756
Fuel, supplies, and expenses	79,336	78,646
Depreciation and amortization	26,537	26,486
Other	32,682	29,255
Restructuring costs		376
Total consolidated operating expenses	$ 703,248	$ 687,276

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LEGAL PROCEEDINGS, ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS, AND OTHER EVENTS (Environmental Matters) (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($) tank state	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Underground fuel storage tanks
Environmental Matters
Number of underground tanks where the company's subsidiaries store fuel for use in tractors and trucks | tank	62
Number of states in which underground tanks are located | state	18
Environmental cleanup costs | Accrued expenses
Environmental Matters
Reserve for environmental contingencies | $	$ 0.6	$ 0.6