<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>

    <schemaVersion>X0306</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>4</documentType>

    <periodOfReport>2015-09-02</periodOfReport>

    <notSubjectToSection16>0</notSubjectToSection16>

    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0000894158</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>Synthetic Biologics, Inc.</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>SYN</issuerTradingSymbol>
    </issuer>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001091823</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>KIRK RANDAL J</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>C/O THIRD SECURITY, LLC</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2>1881 GROVE AVENUE</rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>RADFORD</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>VA</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>24141</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>0</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>0</isOfficer>
            <isTenPercentOwner>1</isTenPercentOwner>
            <isOther>0</isOther>
            <officerTitle></officerTitle>
            <otherText></otherText>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001356090</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>INTREXON CORP</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>C/O LEGAL DEPARTMENT</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2>20374 SENECA MEADOWS PARKWAY</rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>GERMANTOWN</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>MD</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>20876</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>0</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>0</isOfficer>
            <isTenPercentOwner>1</isTenPercentOwner>
            <isOther>0</isOther>
            <officerTitle></officerTitle>
            <otherText></otherText>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <nonDerivativeTable>
        <nonDerivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2015-09-02</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <deemedExecutionDate></deemedExecutionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>P</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>937500</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F1"/>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>3.20</value>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>A</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>9613268</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>I</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
                <natureOfOwnership>
                    <value>by Intrexon</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F2"/>
                </natureOfOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeTransaction>
        <nonDerivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>3625000</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>I</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
                <natureOfOwnership>
                    <value>by NRM VII Holdings</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F3"/>
                </natureOfOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeHolding>
    </nonDerivativeTable>

    <derivativeTable></derivativeTable>

    <footnotes>
        <footnote id="F1">On September 2, 2015 and pursuant to a Stock Issuance Agreement between the issuer and Intrexon Corporation (&quot;Intrexon&quot;) dated August 10, 2015, the issuer issued 937,500 shares of its Common Stock to Intrexon in consideration for the execution and delivery of an Exclusive Channel Collaboration Agreement dated August 10, 2015 between the issuer and Intrexon.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F2">Randal J. Kirk, directly and through certain affiliates, has voting and dispositive power over a majority of the outstanding capital stock of Intrexon. Mr. Kirk may therefore be deemed to have voting and dispositive power over the shares of the issuer owned by Intrexon. Shares held by Intrexon may be deemed to be indirectly beneficially owned (as defined under Rule 13d-3 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) by Mr. Kirk. Mr. Kirk disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares, except to the extent of any pecuniary interest therein.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F3">Randal J. Kirk controls NRM VII Holdings I, LLC (&quot;NRM VII Holdings&quot;). Shares held by this entity may be deemed to be indirectly beneficially owned (as defined under Rule 13d-3 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) by Mr. Kirk. Mr. Kirk disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares, except to the extent of any
pecuniary interest therein.</footnote>
    </footnotes>

    <remarks></remarks>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>/s/  Randal J. Kirk</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2015-09-04</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>/s/  Randal J. Kirk , CEO Intrexon Corporation</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2015-09-04</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>
</ownershipDocument>
