<?xml version="1.0"?>
<edgarSubmission>

    <schemaVersion>X0708</schemaVersion>

    <submissionType>D</submissionType>

    <testOrLive>LIVE</testOrLive>

    <primaryIssuer>
        <cik>0000894158</cik>
        <entityName>Theriva Biologics, Inc.</entityName>
        <issuerAddress>
            <street1>9605 MEDICAL CENTER DRIVE</street1>
            <street2>SUITE 270</street2>
            <city>ROCKVILLE</city>
            <stateOrCountry>MD</stateOrCountry>
            <stateOrCountryDescription>MARYLAND</stateOrCountryDescription>
            <zipCode>20850</zipCode>
        </issuerAddress>
        <issuerPhoneNumber>301-417-4364</issuerPhoneNumber>
        <jurisdictionOfInc>NEVADA</jurisdictionOfInc>
        <issuerPreviousNameList>
            <previousName>SYNTHETIC BIOLOGICS, INC.</previousName>
        </issuerPreviousNameList>
        <edgarPreviousNameList>
            <previousName>Synthetic Biologics, Inc.</previousName>
            <previousName>ADEONA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.</previousName>
            <previousName>PIPEX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.</previousName>
        </edgarPreviousNameList>
        <entityType>Corporation</entityType>
        <yearOfInc>
            <overFiveYears>true</overFiveYears>
        </yearOfInc>
    </primaryIssuer>

    <relatedPersonsList>
        <relatedPersonInfo>
            <relatedPersonName>
                <firstName>Steven</firstName>
                <middleName>A.</middleName>
                <lastName>Shallcross</lastName>
            </relatedPersonName>
            <relatedPersonAddress>
                <street1>9605 Medical Center Drive</street1>
                <street2>Suite 270</street2>
                <city>Rockville</city>
                <stateOrCountry>MD</stateOrCountry>
                <stateOrCountryDescription>MARYLAND</stateOrCountryDescription>
                <zipCode>20850</zipCode>
            </relatedPersonAddress>
            <relatedPersonRelationshipList>
                <relationship>Executive Officer</relationship>
                <relationship>Director</relationship>
            </relatedPersonRelationshipList>
        </relatedPersonInfo>
        <relatedPersonInfo>
            <relatedPersonName>
                <firstName>Jeffrey</firstName>
                <middleName>J.</middleName>
                <lastName>Kraws</lastName>
            </relatedPersonName>
            <relatedPersonAddress>
                <street1>9605 Medical Center Drive</street1>
                <street2>Suite 270</street2>
                <city>Rockville</city>
                <stateOrCountry>MD</stateOrCountry>
                <stateOrCountryDescription>MARYLAND</stateOrCountryDescription>
                <zipCode>20850</zipCode>
            </relatedPersonAddress>
            <relatedPersonRelationshipList>
                <relationship>Director</relationship>
            </relatedPersonRelationshipList>
        </relatedPersonInfo>
        <relatedPersonInfo>
            <relatedPersonName>
                <firstName>John</firstName>
                <lastName>Monahan</lastName>
            </relatedPersonName>
            <relatedPersonAddress>
                <street1>9605 Medical Center Drive</street1>
                <street2>Suite 270</street2>
                <city>Rockville</city>
                <stateOrCountry>MD</stateOrCountry>
                <stateOrCountryDescription>MARYLAND</stateOrCountryDescription>
                <zipCode>20850</zipCode>
            </relatedPersonAddress>
            <relatedPersonRelationshipList>
                <relationship>Director</relationship>
            </relatedPersonRelationshipList>
        </relatedPersonInfo>
        <relatedPersonInfo>
            <relatedPersonName>
                <firstName>Jeffrey</firstName>
                <middleName>A.</middleName>
                <lastName>Wolf</lastName>
            </relatedPersonName>
            <relatedPersonAddress>
                <street1>9605 Medical Center Drive</street1>
                <street2>Suite 270</street2>
                <city>Rockville</city>
                <stateOrCountry>MD</stateOrCountry>
                <stateOrCountryDescription>MARYLAND</stateOrCountryDescription>
                <zipCode>20850</zipCode>
            </relatedPersonAddress>
            <relatedPersonRelationshipList>
                <relationship>Director</relationship>
            </relatedPersonRelationshipList>
        </relatedPersonInfo>
    </relatedPersonsList>

    <offeringData>
        <industryGroup>
            <industryGroupType>Biotechnology</industryGroupType>
        </industryGroup>
        <issuerSize>
            <revenueRange>Decline to Disclose</revenueRange>
        </issuerSize>
        <federalExemptionsExclusions>
            <item>06b</item>
        </federalExemptionsExclusions>
        <typeOfFiling>
            <newOrAmendment>
                <isAmendment>false</isAmendment>
            </newOrAmendment>
            <dateOfFirstSale>
                <value>2025-10-17</value>
            </dateOfFirstSale>
        </typeOfFiling>
        <durationOfOffering>
            <moreThanOneYear>false</moreThanOneYear>
        </durationOfOffering>
        <typesOfSecuritiesOffered>
            <isOptionToAcquireType>true</isOptionToAcquireType>
            <isSecurityToBeAcquiredType>true</isSecurityToBeAcquiredType>
        </typesOfSecuritiesOffered>
        <businessCombinationTransaction>
            <isBusinessCombinationTransaction>false</isBusinessCombinationTransaction>
        </businessCombinationTransaction>
        <minimumInvestmentAccepted>0</minimumInvestmentAccepted>
        <salesCompensationList>
            <recipient>
                <recipientName>A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners</recipientName>
                <recipientCRDNumber>000008361</recipientCRDNumber>
                <associatedBDName>None</associatedBDName>
                <associatedBDCRDNumber>None</associatedBDCRDNumber>
                <recipientAddress>
                    <street1>590 MADISON AVENUE</street1>
                    <street2>36th Floor</street2>
                    <city>New York</city>
                    <stateOrCountry>NY</stateOrCountry>
                    <stateOrCountryDescription>NEW YORK</stateOrCountryDescription>
                    <zipCode>10022</zipCode>
                </recipientAddress>
                <statesOfSolicitationList>
                    <state>CA</state>
                    <description>CALIFORNIA</description>
                    <state>IL</state>
                    <description>ILLINOIS</description>
                    <state>NY</state>
                    <description>NEW YORK</description>
                </statesOfSolicitationList>
                <foreignSolicitation>true</foreignSolicitation>
            </recipient>
        </salesCompensationList>
        <offeringSalesAmounts>
            <totalOfferingAmount>13109494</totalOfferingAmount>
            <totalAmountSold>13109494</totalAmountSold>
            <totalRemaining>0</totalRemaining>
            <clarificationOfResponse>Includes $4,369,831.20 in proceeds from exercise of existing registered warrants pursuant to Warrant Inducement  Letter Agreement and $8,739,663 in total gross proceeds to be received from cash exercise of all new warrants  issued in private placement.</clarificationOfResponse>
        </offeringSalesAmounts>
        <investors>
            <hasNonAccreditedInvestors>false</hasNonAccreditedInvestors>
            <totalNumberAlreadyInvested>10</totalNumberAlreadyInvested>
        </investors>
        <salesCommissionsFindersFees>
            <salesCommissions>
                <dollarAmount>308000</dollarAmount>
                <isEstimate>true</isEstimate>
            </salesCommissions>
            <findersFees>
                <dollarAmount>0</dollarAmount>
            </findersFees>
            <clarificationOfResponse>A.G.P/Alliance Global Partners LP was paid by the Issuer a cash fee equal to 7.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds received  upon exercise of the existing registered warrants and reimbursement of certain expenses.</clarificationOfResponse>
        </salesCommissionsFindersFees>
        <useOfProceeds>
            <grossProceedsUsed>
                <dollarAmount>0</dollarAmount>
            </grossProceedsUsed>
            <clarificationOfResponse>While no offering proceeds are set aside for payments to the named officers or directors, it is possible that some  proceeds to be used as working capital will be used indirectly for paying salaries to employees including executive  officers</clarificationOfResponse>
        </useOfProceeds>
        <signatureBlock>
            <authorizedRepresentative>false</authorizedRepresentative>
            <signature>
                <issuerName>Theriva Biologics, Inc.</issuerName>
                <signatureName>/s/ Steven A. Shallcross</signatureName>
                <nameOfSigner>Steven A. Shallcross</nameOfSigner>
                <signatureTitle>Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer</signatureTitle>
                <signatureDate>2025-10-23</signatureDate>
            </signature>
        </signatureBlock>
    </offeringData>
</edgarSubmission>
