(2)	Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses

Loans

A summary of loans, by major class within the Company’s loan portfolio, at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 is as follows:

	March 31,		December 31,
(in thousands)	2016		2015
Commercial, financial, and agricultural	$	148,040	$	149,091
Real estate construction - residential		18,017		16,895
Real estate construction - commercial		36,322		33,943
Real estate mortgage - residential		254,933		256,086
Real estate mortgage - commercial		392,991		385,869
Installment and other consumer		25,009		23,196
Total loans	$	875,312	$	865,080

The Bank grants real estate, commercial, installment, and other consumer loans to customers located within the communities surrounding Jefferson City, Columbia, Clinton, Warsaw, Springfield, Branson and the greater Kansas City metropolitan area. As such, the Bank is susceptible to changes in the economic environment in these communities. The Bank does not have a concentration of credit in any one economic sector. Installment and other consumer loans consist primarily of the financing of automotive vehicles. At March 31, 2016, loans with a carrying value of $435.7 million, or $362.4 million fair value, were pledged to the Federal Home Loan Bank as collateral for borrowings and letters of credit.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The following is a summary of the allowance for loan losses during the periods indicated.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
	Commercial,			Real Estate			Real Estate			Real Estate			Real Estate			Installment
	Financial, &			Construction -			Construction -			Mortgage -			Mortgage -			Loans to			Un-
(in thousands)	Agricultural			Residential			Commercial			Residential			Commercial			Individuals			allocated			Total
Balance at beginning of period	$	2,153		$	59		$	644		$	2,439		$	2,935		$	273		$	101		$	8,604
Additions:
Provision for loan losses		(12	)		(15	)		33			32			276			(6	)		(58	)		250
Deductions:
Loans charged off		103			0			1			206			82			56			0			448
Less recoveries on loans		(97	)		0			(11	)		(8	)		(61	)		(48	)		0			(225	)
Net loans charged off		6			0			(10	)		198			21			8			0			223
Balance at end of period	$	2,135		$	44		$	687		$	2,273		$	3,190		$	259		$	43		$	8,631

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2015
	Commercial,			Real Estate			Real Estate			Real Estate			Real Estate			Installment
	Financial, &			Construction -			Construction -			Mortgage -			Mortgage -			Loans to			Un-
(in thousands)	Agricultural			Residential			Commercial			Residential			Commercial			Individuals			allocated		Total
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,779		$	171		$	466		$	2,527		$	3,846		$	270		$	40	$	9,099
Additions:
Provision for loan losses		(185	)		(300	)		(92	)		241			259			(67	)		144		0
Deductions:
Loans charged off		28			0			0			71			24			48			0		171
Less recoveries on loans		(575	)		(177	)		0			(12	)		(34	)		(35	)		0		(833	)
Net loans charged off		(547	)		(177	)		0			59			(10	)		13			0		(662	)
Balance at end of period	$	2,141		$	48		$	374		$	2,709		$	4,115		$	190		$	184	$	9,761

Loans, or portions of loans, are charged off to the extent deemed uncollectible or a loss is confirmed. Loan charge-offs reduce the allowance for loan losses, and recoveries of loans previously charged off are added back to the allowance. If management determines that it is probable that all amounts due on a loan will not be collected under the original terms of the loan agreement, the loan is considered to be impaired. These loans are evaluated individually for impairment, and in conjunction with current economic conditions and loss experience, specific reserves are estimated as further discussed below. Loans not individually evaluated are aggregated by risk characteristics and reserves are recorded using a consistent methodology that considers historical loan loss experience by loan type, delinquencies, current economic conditions, loan risk ratings and industry concentration.

Beginning in the first quarter of 2016, the Company began to lengthen its look-back period with the intent to increase such period from three to five years over the next two years. The Company believes that the five-year look-back period, which is consistent with the Company’s practices prior to the start of the economic recession in 2008, provides a representative historical loss period in the current economic environment.

The following table provides the balance in the allowance for loan losses at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, and the related loan balance by impairment methodology.

	Commercial,		Real Estate		Real Estate		Real Estate		Real Estate		Installment
	Financial, and		Construction -		Construction -		Mortgage -		Mortgage -		Loans to		Un-
(in thousands)	Agricultural		Residential		Commercial		Residential		Commercial		Individuals		allocated		Total
March 31, 2016
Allowance for loan losses:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	260	$	0	$	8	$	980	$	69	$	31	$	0	$	1,348
Collectively evaluated for impairment		1,875		44		679		1,293		3,121		228		43		7,283
Total	$	2,135	$	44	$	687	$	2,273	$	3,190	$	259	$	43	$	8,631
Loans outstanding:
Individually evaluated for
impairment	$	941	$	0	$	52	$	5,365	$	2,435	$	131	$	0	$	8,924
Collectively evaluated for impairment		147,099		18,017		36,270		249,568		390,556		24,878		0		866,388
Total	$	148,040	$	18,017	$	36,322	$	254,933	$	392,991	$	25,009	$	0	$	875,312

December 31, 2015
Allowance for loan losses:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	285	$	0	$	15	$	955	$	266	$	19	$	0	$	1,540
Collectively evaluated for impairment		1,868		59		629		1,484		2,669		254		101		7,064
Total	$	2,153	$	59	$	644	$	2,439	$	2,935	$	273	$	101	$	8,604
Loans outstanding:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	1,005	$	0	$	102	$	5,936	$	3,081	$	144	$	0	$	10,268
Collectively evaluated for impairment		148,086		16,895		33,841		250,150		382,788		23,052		0		854,812
Total	$	149,091	$	16,895	$	33,943	$	256,086	$	385,869	$	23,196	$	0	$	865,080

Impaired Loans

Loans evaluated under ASC 310-10-35 include loans which are individually evaluated for impairment. All other loans are collectively evaluated for impairment under ASC 450-20. Impaired loans individually evaluated for impairment totaled $8.9 million and $10.3 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, and are comprised of loans on non-accrual status and loans which have been classified as troubled debt restructurings (TDRs).

The net carrying value of impaired loans is generally based on the fair values of collateral obtained through independent appraisals or internal evaluations, or by discounting the total expected future cash flows. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, $5.5 million and $6.4 million, respectively, of impaired loans were evaluated based on the fair value less estimated selling costs of the loan’s collateral. Once the impairment amount is calculated a specific reserve allocation is recorded. At March 31, 2016, $1.3 million of the Company’s allowance for loan losses was allocated to impaired loans totaling $8.9 million compared to $1.5 million of the Company's allowance for loan losses allocated to impaired loans totaling approximately $10.3 million at December 31, 2015. Management determined that $3.8 million, or 42%, of total impaired loans required no reserve allocation at March 31, 2016 compared to $4.5 million, or 44%, at December 31, 2015 primarily due to adequate collateral values, acceptable payment history and adequate cash flow ability.

The categories of impaired loans at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 are as follows:

	March 31,		December 31,
(in thousands)	2016		2015
Non-accrual loans	$	3,072	$	4,418
Performing TDRs		5,852		5,850
Total impaired loans	$	8,924	$	10,268

The following tables provide additional information about impaired loans at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, segregated between loans for which an allowance has been provided and loans for which no allowance has been provided.

			Unpaid
	Recorded		Principal		Specific
(in thousands)	Investment		Balance		Reserves
March 31, 2016
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	433	$	433	$	0
Real estate - residential		1,215		1,219		0
Real estate - commercial		2,123		2,523		0
Total	$	3,771	$	4,175	$	0
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	508	$	526	$	260
Real estate - construction commercial		52		56		8
Real estate - residential		4,150		4,178		980
Real estate - commercial		312		371		69
Consumer		131		171		31
Total	$	5,153	$	5,302	$	1,348
Total impaired loans	$	8,924	$	9,477	$	1,348

			Unpaid
	Recorded		Principal		Specific
(in thousands)	Investment		Balance		Reserves
December 31, 2015
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	448	$	450	$	0
Real estate - residential		1,645		1,712		0
Real estate - commercial		2,446		2,572		0
Total	$	4,539	$	4,734	$	0
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	557	$	572	$	285
Real estate - construction commercial		102		115		15
Real estate - residential		4,291		4,320		955
Real estate - commercial		635		884		266
Consumer		144		182		19
Total	$	5,729	$	6,073	$	1,540
Total impaired loans	$	10,268	$	10,807	$	1,540

The following table presents by class, information related to the average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans during the periods indicated.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2016				2015
			Interest				Interest
	Average		Recognized		Average		Recognized
	Recorded		For the		Recorded		For the
(in thousands)	Investment		Period Ended		Investment		Period Ended
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	1,520	$	15	$	5,525	$	20
Real estate - construction residential		0		0		2,143		0
Real estate - construction commercial		118		0		2,319		0
Real estate - residential		1,513		39		3,180		12
Real estate - commercial		2,622		42		10,899		65
Consumer		0		0		28		0
Total	$	5,773	$	96	$	24,094	$	97
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	984	$	12	$	1,798	$	6
Real estate - construction commercial		65		0		0		0
Real estate - residential		4,553		120		4,457		26
Real estate - commercial		764		0		1,286		0
Consumer		135		0		237		0
Total	$	6,501	$	132	$	7,778	$	32
Total impaired loans	$	12,274	$	228	$	31,872	$	129

The recorded investment varies from the unpaid principal balance primarily due to partial charge-offs taken resulting from current appraisals received. The amount recognized as interest income on impaired loans continuing to accrue interest, primarily related to troubled debt restructurings, was $228,000 and $129,000, for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The average recorded investment in impaired loans is calculated on a monthly basis during the periods reported.

Delinquent and Non-Accrual Loans

The delinquency status of loans is determined based on the contractual terms of the notes. Borrowers are generally classified as delinquent once payments become 30 days or more past due. The Company’s policy is to discontinue the accrual of interest income on any loan when, in the opinion of management, the ultimate collectibility of interest or principal is no longer probable. In general, loans are placed on non-accrual when they become 90 days or more past due. However, management considers many factors before placing a loan on non-accrual, including the delinquency status of the loan, the overall financial condition of the borrower, the progress of management’s collection efforts and the value of the underlying collateral. Non-accrual loans are returned to accrual status when, in the opinion of management, the financial condition of the borrower indicates that the timely collectibility of interest and principal is probable and the borrower demonstrates the ability to pay under the terms of the note through a sustained period of repayment performance, which is generally six months.

The following table provides aging information for the Company’s past due and non-accrual loans at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015.

	Current or				90 Days
	Less Than				Past Due
	30 Days		30 - 89 Days		And Still
(in thousands)	Past Due		Past Due		Accruing		Non-Accrual		Total
March 31, 2016
Commercial, Financial, and Agricultural	$	147,386	$	395	$	0	$	259	$	148,040
Real Estate Construction - Residential		18,017		0		0		0		18,017
Real Estate Construction - Commercial		36,270		0		0		52		36,322
Real Estate Mortgage - Residential		251,366		1,783		58		1,726		254,933
Real Estate Mortgage - Commercial		391,798		289		0		904		392,991
Installment and Other Consumer		24,766		104		8		131		25,009
Total	$	869,603	$	2,571	$	66	$	3,072	$	875,312
December 31, 2015
Commercial, Financial, and Agricultural	$	148,597	$	185	$	1	$	308	$	149,091
Real Estate Construction - Residential		16,830		0		0		0		16,830
Real Estate Construction - Commercial		33,472		65		0		102		33,639
Real Estate Mortgage - Residential		251,253		2,511		0		2,322		256,086
Real Estate Mortgage - Commercial		384,053		643		0		1,542		386,238
Installment and Other Consumer		22,840		207		5		144		23,196
Total	$	857,045	$	3,611	$	6	$	4,418	$	865,080

Credit Quality

The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based upon an internal rating system reflecting management’s risk assessment. Loans are placed on watch status when one or more weaknesses that may result in the deterioration of the repayment exits or the Company’s credit position at some future date. Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified may have a well defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the repayment of the debt. Such loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company may sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. A loan is classified as a troubled debt restructuring (TDR) when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties that lead to the restructuring of a loan, and the Company grants concessions to the borrower in the restructuring that it would not otherwise consider. Loans classified as TDRs which are accruing interest are classified as performing TDRs. Loans classified as TDRs which are not accruing interest are classified as nonperforming TDRs and are included with all other nonaccrual loans for presentation purposes. It is the Company’s policy to discontinue the accrual of interest income on loans when management believes that the collection of interest or principal is doubtful. Loans are placed on non-accrual status when (1) deterioration in the financial condition of the borrower exists for which payment of full principal and interest is not expected, or (2) payment of principal or interest has been in default for a period of 90 days or more and the asset is not both well secured and in the process of collection. Subsequent interest payments received on such loans are applied to principal if any doubt exists as to the collectability of such principal; otherwise, such receipts are recorded as interest income on a cash basis.

The following table presents the risk categories by class at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015.

(in thousands)	Commercial, Financial, & Agricultural		Real Estate Construction - Residential		Real Estate Construction - Commercial		Real Estate Mortgage - Residential		Real Estate Mortgage - Commercial		Installment and other Consumer		Total
At March 31, 2016
Watch	$	7,152	$	1,064	$	1,162	$	23,291	$	22,909	$	0	$	55,578
Substandard		230		0		37		1,929		1,613		0		3,809
Performing TDRs		683		0		0		3,639		1,530		0		5,852
Non-accrual		259		0		52		1,726		904		131		3,072
Total	$	8,324	$	1,064	$	1,251	$	30,585	$	26,956	$	131	$	68,311

At December 31, 2015
Watch	$	8,663	$	1,267	$	1,296	$	22,191	$	24,303	$	186	$	57,906
Substandard		421		0		37		3,737		1,485		36		5,716
Performing TDRs		697		0		0		3,615		1,538		0		5,850
Non-accrual		308		0		102		2,322		1,542		144		4,418
Total	$	10,089	$	1,267	$	1,435	$	31,865	$	28,868	$	366	$	73,890

Troubled Debt Restructurings

At March 31, 2016, loans classified as TDRs totaled $6.0 million, of which $194,000 were classified as nonperforming TDRs and included in non-accrual loans and $5.9 million were classified as performing TDRs. At December 31, 2015, loans classified as TDRs totaled $6.4 million, of which $527,000 were classified as nonperforming TDRs and included in non-accrual loans and $5.9 million were classified as performing TDRs. Both performing and nonperforming TDRs are considered impaired loans. When an individual loan is determined to be a TDR, the amount of impairment is based upon the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate or the fair value of the underlying collateral less applicable selling costs. Accordingly, specific reserves of $764,000 and $910,000 related to TDRs were allocated to the allowance for loan losses at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.

The following table summarizes loans that were modified as TDRs during the periods indicated.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2016						2015
	Recorded Investment (1)						Recorded Investment (1)
(in thousands)	Number of Contracts		Pre- Modification		Post- Modification		Number of Contracts		Pre- Modification		Post- Modification
Troubled Debt Restructurings
Commercial, financial and agricultural		0	$	0	$	0		3	$	250	$	250
Real estate mortgage - residential		1		78,148		78,148		2		144		144
Real estate mortgage - commercial		0		0		0		3		473		473
Total		1	$	78,148	$	78,148		8	$	867	$	867

(1) The amounts reported post-modification are inclusive of all partial pay-downs and charge-offs, and no portion of the debt was forgiven. Loans modified as a TDR that were fully paid down, charged-off or foreclosed upon during the period ended are not reported.

The Company’s portfolio of loans classified as TDRs include concessions for the borrower given financial condition such as interest rates below the current market rate, deferring principal payments, and extending maturity dates. During the three months ended March 31, 2016, one loan meeting the TDR criteria was modified compared to eight loans during the three months ended March 31, 2015. There were no loans modified as a TDR that defaulted during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and within twelve months of their modification date. See Lending and Credit Management section for further information.