Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Principles of Consolidation	Principles of Consolidation In December of 2008, the Company formed Hawthorn Real Estate, LLC, (the "Real Estate Company"), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. In December of 2017, the Company formed Hawthorn Risk Management, Inc., (the "Insurance Captive"), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the Bank, the Real Estate Company, and the Insurance Captive. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Loans	Loans Loans that the Company has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or to maturity are held for investment at their stated unpaid principal balance amount less unearned income and the allowance for loan losses. Income on loans is accrued on a simple-interest basis. Loan origination fees and certain direct costs are deferred and recognized over the life of the loan as an adjustment to yield. Loans Held for Sale Loans originated, primarily one-to-four family residential mortgage loans, with the intent to be sold in the secondary market are classified as held for sale. In the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company elected the fair value option for all newly originated long-term personal real estate loans held for sale. Adjusted cost reflects the funded loan amount and any loan origination costs and fees. The Company sells loans with servicing retained or released depending on pricing and market conditions. Mortgage loans held for sale were $0.6 million at December 31, 2022 compared to $2.2 million at December 31, 2021. Impaired Loans A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due, both principal and interest, according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Included in impaired loans are all non-accrual loans and loans whose terms have been modified in a troubled debt restructuring. Impaired loans are individually evaluated for impairment based on fair values of the underlying collateral, obtained through independent appraisals or internal valuations for a collateral dependent loan or by discounting the total expected future cash flows. Non-Accrual Loans Loans are placed on non-accrual status when management believes that the borrower's financial condition, after consideration of business conditions and collection efforts, is such that collection of interest is doubtful. Loans that are contractually 90 days past due as to principal and/or interest payments are generally placed on non-accrual, unless they are both well-secured and in the process of collection. Real estate loans secured by one-to-four family residential properties are exempt from these non-accrual guidelines. These loans are placed on non-accrual status after they become 120 days past due. Subsequent interest payments received on such loans are applied to principal if doubt exists as to the collectability of such principal; otherwise, such receipts are recorded as interest income on a cash basis. A loan remains on non-accrual status until the loan is current as to payment of both principal and interest and/or the borrower demonstrates the ability to pay and remain current. Restructured Loans A loan is accounted for as a troubled debt restructuring ("TDR") if the Company, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrowers' financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. A TDR typically involves (1) modification of terms such as a reduction of the stated interest rate, loan principal, accrued interest, or an extended maturity date, (2) a loan renewal at a stated interest rate lower than the current market rate for a new loan with similar risk, or (3) debt that was not reaffirmed in bankruptcy. Non-performing TDRs are returned to performing status once the borrower demonstrates the ability to pay under the terms of the restructured note through a sustained period of repayment performance, which is generally six months. The Company includes all performing and non-performing TDRs in the impaired and non-performing asset totals. The Company measures the impairment loss of a TDR in the same manner as described below. TDRs that are performing under their contractual terms continue to accrue interest, which is recognized in current earnings.
Allowance for Loan Losses	Allowance for Loan Losses Management has identified the accounting policy related to the allowance for loan losses as critical to the understanding of the Company's results of operations, since the application of this policy requires significant management assumptions and estimates that could result in materially different amounts to be reported if conditions or underlying circumstances were to change. The fair value of impaired loans deemed collateral-dependent, for purposes of the measurement of the impairment loss, can be subject to changing market conditions, supply and demand, condition of the collateral and other factors over time. Such volatility can have an impact on the financial performance of the Company. Loans, or portions of loans, are charged off to the extent deemed uncollectible or a loss is confirmed. When loans become 90 days past due, they are generally placed on non-accrual status or charged off unless extenuating circumstances justify leaving the loan on accrual basis. When loans reach 120 days past due, and there is little likelihood of repayment, the uncollectible portion of the loans are charged off. Loan charge-offs reduce the allowance for loan losses, and recoveries of loans previously charged off are added back to the allowance. If management determines that it is probable that all amounts due on a loan will not be collected under the original terms of the loan agreement, the loan is considered to be impaired. The specific reserve component applies to loans evaluated individually for impairment. The net carrying value of impaired loans is generally based on the fair values of collateral obtained through independent appraisals and/or internal evaluations, or by discounting the total expected future cash flows. Once the impairment amount is calculated, a specific reserve allocation is recorded. The incurred loss component of the general reserve, or loans collectively evaluated for impairment, is determined by applying loss rates to pools of loans by loan type. Loans not individually evaluated are aggregated by risk characteristics and reserves are recorded using a consistent methodology that considers historical loan loss experience by loan type. The Company believes that the look-back period beginning January 1, 2012 provides a representative historical loss period in the current economic environment. These historical loss rates for each risk group are used as the starting point to determine loss rates for measurement purposes. The historical loan loss rates are multiplied by loss emergence periods, which represent the estimated time period between a borrower first experiencing financial difficulty and the recognition of a loss. The Company's methodology includes qualitative risk factors that allow management to adjust its estimates of losses based on the most recent information available and to address other limitations in the quantitative component that is based on historical loss rates. Such risk factors are generally reviewed and updated quarterly, as appropriate, and are adjusted to reflect changes in national and local economic conditions and developments, the nature, volume and terms of loans in the portfolio, including changes in volume and severity of past due loans, the volume of non-accrual loans, and the volume and severity of adversely classified or graded loans, loan concentrations, assessment of trends in collateral values, assessment of changes in the quality of the Company's internal loan review department, and changes in lending policies and procedures, including underwriting standards and collections, charge-off and recovery practices.
Certificates of Deposit in other banks	Certificates of Deposit in other banks Certificates of deposit are investments made by the Company with other financial institutions, in amounts less than $250,000 each in order to qualify for insurance coverage under the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC"), that are carried at cost which approximates fair values.
Investment Securities	Investment Securities Available-for-sale Securities The largest component of the Company's investment portfolio consists of debt securities which are classified as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value. Changes in fair value, excluding certain losses associated with other-than-temporary impairment, are reported in other comprehensive income, net of taxes, a component of stockholders' equity. Securities are periodically evaluated for other-than-temporary impairment in accordance with guidance provided by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 320, Investments – Debt Securities. For those securities with other-than-temporary impairment, the entire loss in fair value is required to be recognized in current earnings if the Company intends to sell the securities or believes it more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before the anticipated recovery. If neither condition is met, but the Company does not expect to recover the amortized cost basis, the Company determines whether a credit loss has occurred, which is then recognized in current earnings. The amount of the total other-than-temporary impairment related to all other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income. Premiums and discounts are amortized using the interest method over the lives of the respective securities, with consideration of historical and estimated prepayment rates for mortgage-backed securities, as an adjustment to yield. Dividend and interest income are recognized when earned. Realized gains and losses for securities classified as available-for-sale are included in earnings based on the specific identification method for determining the cost of securities sold. Other Investment Securities Other investment securities include equity securities with readily determinable fair values and other investment securities that do not have readily determinable fair values. Investments in Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines ("FHLB") stock, and Midwest Independent BankersBank ("MIB") stock, that do not have readily determinable fair values, are required for membership in those organizations. Equity securities with readily determinable fair values are recorded at fair value, with changes in fair value reflected in earnings. Equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values are carried at cost and are periodically assessed for impairment.
Capital Stock of the FHLB	Capital Stock of the FHLB The Bank, as a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank System administered by the Federal Housing Finance Agency, is required to maintain an investment in the capital stock of the FHLB in an amount equal to 12 basis points of the Bank's year-end total assets plus 4.00% of advances from the FHLB to the Bank. These investments are recorded at cost, which represents redemption value.
Premises and Equipment	Premises and Equipment Premises and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation applicable to buildings and improvements and furniture and equipment is charged to expense using straight-line and accelerated methods over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Such lives are estimated to be five to 40 years for buildings and improvements and three to 15 years for furniture and equipment. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred.
Derivative Assets and Liabilities	Derivative Assets and Liabilities The Company recognizes derivatives as either assets or liabilities in the balance sheet, and measures those instruments at fair value. Loan commitments related to the origination or acquisition of mortgage loans that will be held for sale are accounted for as derivative instruments. The Company enters into commitments to originate loans whereby the interest rate on the loan is determined prior to funding (rate lock commitments). The Company also enters into forward sales commitments for the mortgage loans underlying the rate lock commitments. The Company uses derivative instruments to manage the fair value changes in interest rate lock commitments and loan portfolios which are exposed to interest rate risk. The Company does not use derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. Certain derivative financial instruments are generally entered into as economic hedges against changes in the fair value of a recognized asset or liability and are not designated as hedges for accounting purposes. These non-designated derivatives are intended to provide interest rate protection but do not meet hedge accounting treatment. Changes in the fair value of these instruments are recorded in non-interest income and non-interest expense related to the other asset or other liability in the consolidated statements of income. Management has determined these derivatives do not have a material effect on the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Mortgage Servicing Rights	Mortgage Servicing Rights The Company originates and sells residential mortgage loans in the secondary market and typically retains the right to service the loans sold. Servicing involves the collection of payments from individual borrowers and the distribution of those payments to the investors or master servicer. Upon a sale of mortgage loans for which servicing rights are retained, the retained mortgage servicing rights asset is capitalized at the fair value of future net cash flows expected to be realized for performing servicing activities. Mortgage servicing rights are carried at fair value in the consolidated balance sheet with changes in the fair value recognized in earnings. Because most servicing rights do not trade in an active market with readily observable prices, the Company determines the fair value of mortgage servicing rights by estimating the fair value of the future cash flows associated with the mortgage loans being serviced. Key assumptions used in measuring the fair value of mortgage servicing rights include, but are not limited to, prepayment speeds, discount rates, delinquencies, ancillary income, and cost to service. These assumptions are validated on a periodic basis. The fair value is validated on a quarterly basis with an independent third party valuation specialist firm. In addition to the changes in fair value of the mortgage servicing rights, the Company also records loan servicing fee income as part of real estate servicing fees, net, in the consolidated statements of income. Loan servicing fee income represents revenue earned for servicing mortgage loans. The servicing fees are based on contractual percentage of the outstanding principal balance and recognized as revenue as the related mortgage payments are collected. Corresponding loan servicing costs are charged to expense as incurred.
Other Real Estate Owned and Repossessed Assets	Other Real Estate Owned and Repossessed Assets Other real estate owned and repossessed assets consist of loan collateral that has been repossessed through foreclosure. This collateral is comprised of commercial and residential real estate and other non-real estate property, including autos, manufactured homes, and construction equipment. Other real estate owned assets are initially recorded as held for sale at the fair value of the collateral less estimated selling costs. Any adjustment is recorded as a charge-off against the allowance for loan losses. The Company relies on external appraisals and assessment of property values by internal staff. In the case of non-real estate collateral, reliance is placed on a variety of sources, including external estimates of value and judgment based on experience and expertise of internal specialists. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations are updated periodically, and the assets may be written down to reflect a new cost basis. The valuation write-downs are recorded as other non-interest expense. The Company establishes a valuation allowance related to other real estate owned and repossessed assets on an asset-by-asset basis. The valuation allowance is created during the holding period when the fair value less cost to sell is lower than the cost of the asset.
Pension Plan	Pension Plan The Company provides a noncontributory defined benefit pension plan for all full-time and eligible employees. The benefits are based on age, years of service and the level of compensation during the respective employee's highest ten years of compensation before retirement. Net periodic costs are recognized as employees render the services necessary to earn the retirement benefits. The Company records annual amounts relating to its pension plan based on calculations that incorporate various actuarial and other assumptions including discount rates, mortality, assumed rates of return, compensation increases, and turnover rates. The Company reviews its assumptions on an annual basis and may make modifications to the assumptions based on current rates and trends when it is appropriate to do so. The Company believes that the assumptions utilized in recording its obligations under its plan are reasonable based on its experience and market conditions. The Company follows authoritative guidance included in the FASB ASC Topic 715, Compensation – Retirement Plans under the subtopic Employers' Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans. ASC Topic 715 requires an employer to recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan (other than a multiemployer plan) as an asset or liability in its consolidated balance sheet and to recognize changes in the funded status in the year in which the changes occur through comprehensive income. This guidance also requires an employer to measure the funded status of a plan as of the date of its fiscal year-end, with limited exceptions. Additional disclosures are required to provide users with an understanding of how investment allocation decisions are made, major categories of plan assets, and fair value measurement of plan assets as defined in ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures.
Investments in Historic Tax Credits	Investments in Historic Tax Credits The Company has a noncontrolling financial investment in a private investment fund and partnership that finances the rehabilitation and re-use of historic buildings. This unconsolidated investment may generate a return through the realization of federal income tax credits, as well as other tax benefits, such as tax deductions from net operating losses of the investments over a period of time. Investments in historic tax credits are accounted for under the equity method of accounting and the Company’s recorded investment in these entities is carried in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets with any unfunded commitment recorded in other liabilities. The tax credits and other net tax benefits received are recognized as a component of income tax expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset/liability method by recognizing the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current period and deferred tax assets and liabilities for future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company's financial statements or tax returns. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are provided as temporary differences between the tax basis of an asset or liability and its reported amount in the consolidated financial statements at the enacted tax rate expected to be applied in the period the deferred tax item is expected to be realized. A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the expected amount most likely to be realized. Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of a sufficient level of future taxable income and recoverable taxes paid in prior years. A tax position is initially recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions are initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority assuming full knowledge of the position and all relevant facts. Penalties and interest incurred under the applicable tax law are classified as income tax expense. The Company has not recognized any tax liabilities or any interest or penalties in income tax expense related to uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020.
Trust Department	Trust Department Property held by the Bank in a fiduciary or agency capacity for customers is not included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, since such items are not assets of the Company. Trust department income is recognized on the accrual basis.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows For the purpose of the consolidated statements of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of short-term federal funds sold and securities sold or purchased under agreements to resell, overnight interest-earning deposits with banks, and cash and due from banks.
Treasury Stock	Treasury Stock The purchase of the Company's common stock is recorded at cost. Purchases of the stock are made both in the open market and through negotiated private purchases based on market prices. At the date of subsequent reissue, the treasury stock account is reduced by the cost associated with such stock on a first-in-first-out basis. Gains on the sale of treasury stock are credited to additional paid-in-capital. Losses on the sale of treasury stock are charged to additional paid-in-capital to the extent of previous gains, otherwise charged to retained earnings.
Stock Dividend	Stock Dividend On July 1, 2022, the Company paid a special stock dividend of four percent to shareholders of record at the close of business on June 15, 2022. For all periods presented, share information, including basic and diluted earnings per share, has been adjusted retroactively to reflect this change.
CARES Act	CARES Act On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act ("CARES Act") was signed into law, which, in part, established a loan program administered through the U.S. Small Business Administration ("SBA"), referred to as the Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP"). Under the PPP, small businesses, sole proprietorships, independent contractors, non-profit organizations and self-employed individuals could apply for loans from existing SBA lenders and other approved regulated lenders that enroll in the program, subject to numerous limitations and eligibility criteria. The Company is a participating lender in the PPP program. All loans have a 1% interest rate and the Company earns a fee that is based upon a tiered schedule corresponding with the amount of the loan to the borrower, which is deferred and recognized over the life of the loan. Based upon the borrower meeting certain criteria as defined by the CARES Act, the loan may be forgiven by the SBA. The Company reports these loans at their principal amount outstanding, net of unearned income, unamortized deferred loan fee income and loan origination costs. Interest is accrued as earned and loan origination fees and direct costs are deferred and accreted or amortized into interest income, as an adjustment to the yield, over the life of the loan using the level yield method. When a PPP loan is paid off or forgiven by the SBA, the remaining unaccreted or unamortized net origination fees or costs are immediately recognized into income.
Reclassifications	Reclassifications Certain prior year information has been reclassified to conform to the 2022 presentation.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

In December of 2008, the Company formed Hawthorn Real Estate, LLC, (the "Real Estate Company"), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. In December of 2017, the Company formed Hawthorn Risk Management, Inc., (the "Insurance Captive"), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the Bank, the Real Estate Company, and the Insurance Captive. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Loans

Loans that the Company has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or to maturity are held for investment at their stated unpaid principal balance amount less unearned income and the allowance for loan losses. Income on loans is accrued on a simple-interest basis. Loan origination fees and certain direct costs are deferred and recognized over the life of the loan as an adjustment to yield.

Loans Held for Sale

Loans originated, primarily one-to-four family residential mortgage loans, with the intent to be sold in the secondary market are classified as held for sale. In the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company elected the fair value option for all newly originated long-term personal real estate loans held for sale. Adjusted cost reflects the funded loan amount and any loan origination costs and fees. The Company sells loans with servicing retained or released depending on pricing and market conditions. Mortgage loans held for sale were $0.6 million at December 31, 2022 compared to $2.2 million at December 31, 2021.

Impaired Loans

A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due, both principal and interest, according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Included in impaired loans are all non-accrual loans and loans whose terms have been modified in a troubled debt restructuring. Impaired loans are individually evaluated for impairment based on fair values of the underlying collateral, obtained through independent appraisals or internal valuations for a collateral dependent loan or by discounting the total expected future cash flows.

Non-Accrual Loans

Loans are placed on non-accrual status when management believes that the borrower's financial condition, after consideration of business conditions and collection efforts, is such that collection of interest is doubtful. Loans that are contractually 90 days past due as to principal and/or interest payments are generally placed on non-accrual, unless they are both well-secured and in the process of collection. Real estate loans secured by one-to-four family residential properties are exempt from these non-accrual guidelines. These loans are placed on non-accrual status after they become 120 days past due. Subsequent interest payments received on such loans are applied to principal if doubt exists as to the collectability of such principal; otherwise, such receipts are recorded as interest income on a cash basis. A loan remains on non-accrual status until the loan is current as to payment of both principal and interest and/or the borrower demonstrates the ability to pay and remain current.

Restructured Loans

A loan is accounted for as a troubled debt restructuring ("TDR") if the Company, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrowers' financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. A TDR typically involves (1) modification of terms such as a reduction of the stated interest rate, loan principal, accrued interest, or an extended maturity date, (2) a loan renewal at a stated interest rate lower than the current market rate for a new loan with similar risk, or (3) debt that was not reaffirmed in bankruptcy. Non-performing TDRs are returned to performing status once the borrower demonstrates the ability to pay under the terms of the restructured note through a sustained period of repayment performance, which is generally six months. The Company includes all performing and non-performing TDRs in the impaired and non-performing asset totals. The Company measures the impairment loss of a TDR in the same manner as described below. TDRs that are performing under their contractual terms continue to accrue interest, which is recognized in current earnings.

Allowance for Loan Losses

Management has identified the accounting policy related to the allowance for loan losses as critical to the understanding of the Company's results of operations, since the application of this policy requires significant management assumptions and estimates that could result in materially different amounts to be reported if conditions or underlying circumstances were to change. The fair value of impaired loans deemed collateral-dependent, for purposes of the measurement of the impairment loss, can be subject to changing market conditions, supply and demand, condition of the collateral and other factors over time. Such volatility can have an impact on the financial performance of the Company.

Loans, or portions of loans, are charged off to the extent deemed uncollectible or a loss is confirmed. When loans become 90 days past due, they are generally placed on non-accrual status or charged off unless extenuating circumstances justify leaving the loan on accrual basis. When loans reach 120 days past due, and there is little likelihood of repayment, the uncollectible portion of the loans are charged off. Loan charge-offs reduce the allowance for loan losses, and recoveries of loans previously charged off are added back to the allowance. If management determines that it is probable that all amounts due on a loan will not be collected under the original terms of the loan agreement, the loan is considered to be impaired.

The specific reserve component applies to loans evaluated individually for impairment. The net carrying value of impaired loans is generally based on the fair values of collateral obtained through independent appraisals and/or internal evaluations, or by discounting the total expected future cash flows. Once the impairment amount is calculated, a specific reserve allocation is recorded.

The incurred loss component of the general reserve, or loans collectively evaluated for impairment, is determined by applying loss rates to pools of loans by loan type. Loans not individually evaluated are aggregated by risk characteristics and reserves are recorded using a consistent methodology that considers historical loan loss experience by loan type. The Company believes that the look-back period beginning January 1, 2012 provides a representative historical loss period in the current economic environment. These historical loss rates for each risk group are used as the starting point to determine loss rates for measurement purposes. The historical loan loss rates are multiplied by loss emergence periods, which represent the estimated time period between a borrower first experiencing financial difficulty and the recognition of a loss.

The Company's methodology includes qualitative risk factors that allow management to adjust its estimates of losses based on the most recent information available and to address other limitations in the quantitative component that is based on historical loss rates. Such risk factors are generally reviewed and updated quarterly, as appropriate, and are adjusted to reflect changes in national and local economic conditions and developments, the nature, volume and terms of loans in the portfolio, including changes in volume and severity of past due loans, the volume of non-accrual loans, and the volume and severity of adversely classified or graded loans, loan concentrations, assessment of trends in collateral values, assessment of changes in the quality of the Company's internal loan review department, and changes in lending policies and procedures, including underwriting standards and collections, charge-off and recovery practices.

Certificates of Deposit in other banks

Certificates of deposit are investments made by the Company with other financial institutions, in amounts less than $250,000 each in order to qualify for insurance coverage under the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC"), that are carried at cost which approximates fair values.

Investment Securities

Available-for-sale Securities

The largest component of the Company's investment portfolio consists of debt securities which are classified as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value. Changes in fair value, excluding certain losses associated with other-than-temporary impairment, are reported in other comprehensive income, net of taxes, a component of stockholders' equity. Securities are periodically evaluated for other-than-temporary impairment in accordance with guidance provided by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 320, Investments – Debt Securities. For those securities with other-than-temporary impairment, the entire loss in fair value is required to be recognized in current earnings if the Company intends to sell the securities or believes it more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before the anticipated recovery. If neither condition is met, but the Company does not expect to recover the amortized cost basis, the Company determines whether a credit loss has occurred, which is then recognized in current earnings. The amount of the total other-than-temporary impairment related to all other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income.

Premiums and discounts are amortized using the interest method over the lives of the respective securities, with consideration of historical and estimated prepayment rates for mortgage-backed securities, as an adjustment to yield. Dividend and interest income are recognized when earned. Realized gains and losses for securities classified as available-for-sale are included in earnings based on the specific identification method for determining the cost of securities sold.

Other Investment Securities

Other investment securities include equity securities with readily determinable fair values and other investment securities that do not have readily determinable fair values. Investments in Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines ("FHLB") stock, and Midwest Independent BankersBank ("MIB") stock, that do not have readily determinable fair values, are required for membership in those organizations.

Equity securities with readily determinable fair values are recorded at fair value, with changes in fair value reflected in earnings. Equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values are carried at cost and are periodically assessed for impairment.

Capital Stock of the FHLB

The Bank, as a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank System administered by the Federal Housing Finance Agency, is required to maintain an investment in the capital stock of the FHLB in an amount equal to 12 basis points of the Bank's year-end total assets plus 4.00% of advances from the FHLB to the Bank. These investments are recorded at cost, which represents redemption value.

Premises and Equipment

Premises and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation applicable to buildings and improvements and furniture and equipment is charged to expense using straight-line and accelerated methods over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Such lives are estimated to be five to 40 years for buildings and improvements and three to 15 years for furniture and equipment. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred.

Derivative Assets and Liabilities

The Company recognizes derivatives as either assets or liabilities in the balance sheet, and measures those instruments at fair value. Loan commitments related to the origination or acquisition of mortgage loans that will be held for sale are accounted for as derivative instruments. The Company enters into commitments to originate loans whereby the interest rate on the loan is determined prior to funding (rate lock commitments). The Company also enters into forward sales commitments for the mortgage loans underlying the rate lock commitments.

The Company uses derivative instruments to manage the fair value changes in interest rate lock commitments and loan portfolios which are exposed to interest rate risk. The Company does not use derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. Certain derivative financial instruments are generally entered into as economic hedges against changes in the fair value of a recognized asset or liability and are not designated as hedges for accounting purposes. These non-designated derivatives are intended to provide interest rate protection but do not meet hedge accounting treatment. Changes in the fair value of these instruments are recorded in non-interest income and non-interest expense related to the other asset or other liability in the consolidated statements of income. Management has determined these derivatives do not have a material effect on the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Mortgage Servicing Rights

The Company originates and sells residential mortgage loans in the secondary market and typically retains the right to service the loans sold. Servicing involves the collection of payments from individual borrowers and the distribution of those payments to the investors or master servicer. Upon a sale of mortgage loans for which servicing rights are retained, the retained mortgage servicing rights asset is capitalized at the fair value of future net cash flows expected to be realized for performing servicing activities.

Mortgage servicing rights are carried at fair value in the consolidated balance sheet with changes in the fair value recognized in earnings. Because most servicing rights do not trade in an active market with readily observable prices, the Company determines the fair value of mortgage servicing rights by estimating the fair value of the future cash flows associated with the mortgage loans being serviced. Key assumptions used in measuring the fair value of mortgage servicing rights include, but are not limited to, prepayment speeds, discount rates, delinquencies, ancillary income, and cost to service. These assumptions are validated on a periodic basis. The fair value is validated on a quarterly basis with an independent third party valuation specialist firm.

In addition to the changes in fair value of the mortgage servicing rights, the Company also records loan servicing fee income as part of real estate servicing fees, net, in the consolidated statements of income. Loan servicing fee income represents revenue earned for servicing mortgage loans. The servicing fees are based on contractual percentage of the outstanding principal balance and recognized as revenue as the related mortgage payments are collected. Corresponding loan servicing costs are charged to expense as incurred.

Other Real Estate Owned and Repossessed Assets

Other real estate owned and repossessed assets consist of loan collateral that has been repossessed through foreclosure. This collateral is comprised of commercial and residential real estate and other non-real estate property, including autos, manufactured homes, and construction equipment. Other real estate owned assets are initially recorded as held for sale at the fair value of the collateral less estimated selling costs. Any adjustment is recorded as a charge-off against the allowance for loan losses. The Company relies on external appraisals and assessment of property values by internal staff. In the case of non-real estate collateral, reliance is placed on a variety of sources, including external estimates of value and judgment based on experience and expertise of internal specialists. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations are updated periodically, and the assets may be written down to reflect a new cost basis. The valuation write-downs are recorded as other non-interest expense. The Company establishes a valuation allowance related to other real estate owned and repossessed assets on an asset-by-asset basis. The valuation allowance is created during the holding period when the fair value less cost to sell is lower than the cost of the asset.

Pension Plan

The Company provides a noncontributory defined benefit pension plan for all full-time and eligible employees. The benefits are based on age, years of service and the level of compensation during the respective employee's highest ten years of compensation before retirement. Net periodic costs are recognized as employees render the services necessary to earn the retirement benefits. The Company records annual amounts relating to its pension plan based on calculations that incorporate various actuarial and other assumptions including discount rates, mortality, assumed rates of return, compensation increases, and turnover rates. The Company reviews its assumptions on an annual basis and may make modifications to the assumptions based on current rates and trends when it is appropriate to do so. The Company believes that the assumptions utilized in recording its obligations under its plan are reasonable based on its experience and market conditions.

The Company follows authoritative guidance included in the FASB ASC Topic 715, Compensation – Retirement Plans under the subtopic Employers' Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans. ASC Topic 715 requires an employer to recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan (other than a multiemployer plan) as an asset or liability in its consolidated balance sheet and to recognize changes in the funded status in the year in which the changes occur through comprehensive income. This guidance also requires an employer to measure the funded status of a plan as of the date of its fiscal year-end, with limited exceptions. Additional disclosures are required to provide users with an understanding of how investment allocation decisions are made, major categories of plan assets, and fair value measurement of plan assets as defined in ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures.

Investments in Historic Tax Credits

The Company has a noncontrolling financial investment in a private investment fund and partnership that finances the rehabilitation and re-use of historic buildings. This unconsolidated investment may generate a return through the realization of federal income tax credits, as well as other tax benefits, such as tax deductions from net operating losses of the investments over a period of time. Investments in historic tax credits are accounted for under the equity method of accounting and the Company’s recorded investment in these entities is carried in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets with any unfunded commitment recorded in other liabilities. The tax credits and other net tax benefits received are recognized as a component of income tax expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset/liability method by recognizing the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current period and deferred tax assets and liabilities for future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company's financial statements or tax returns. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are provided as temporary differences between the tax basis of an asset or liability and its reported amount in the consolidated financial statements at the enacted tax rate expected to be applied in the period the deferred tax item is expected to be realized. A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the expected amount most likely to be realized. Realization of deferred

tax assets is dependent upon the generation of a sufficient level of future taxable income and recoverable taxes paid in prior years.

A tax position is initially recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions are initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority assuming full knowledge of the position and all relevant facts. Penalties and interest incurred under the applicable tax law are classified as income tax expense. The Company has not recognized any tax liabilities or any interest or penalties in income tax expense related to uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020.

Trust Department

Property held by the Bank in a fiduciary or agency capacity for customers is not included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, since such items are not assets of the Company. Trust department income is recognized on the accrual basis.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the purpose of the consolidated statements of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of short-term federal funds sold and securities sold or purchased under agreements to resell, overnight interest-earning deposits with banks, and cash and due from banks.

Treasury Stock

The purchase of the Company's common stock is recorded at cost. Purchases of the stock are made both in the open market and through negotiated private purchases based on market prices. At the date of subsequent reissue, the treasury stock account is reduced by the cost associated with such stock on a first-in-first-out basis. Gains on the sale of treasury stock are credited to additional paid-in-capital. Losses on the sale of treasury stock are charged to additional paid-in-capital to the extent of previous gains, otherwise charged to retained earnings.

Stock Dividend

On July 1, 2022, the Company paid a special stock dividend of four percent to shareholders of record at the close of business on June 15, 2022. For all periods presented, share information, including basic and diluted earnings per share, has been adjusted retroactively to reflect this change.

CARES Act

On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act ("CARES Act") was signed into law, which, in part, established a loan program administered through the U.S. Small Business Administration ("SBA"), referred to as the Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP"). Under the PPP, small businesses, sole proprietorships, independent contractors, non-profit organizations and self-employed individuals could apply for loans from existing SBA lenders and other approved regulated lenders that enroll in the program, subject to numerous limitations and eligibility criteria. The Company is a participating lender in the PPP program. All loans have a 1% interest rate and the Company earns a fee that is based upon a tiered schedule corresponding with the amount of the loan to the borrower, which is deferred and recognized over the life of the loan. Based upon the borrower meeting certain criteria as defined by the CARES Act, the loan may be forgiven by the SBA. The Company reports these loans at their principal amount outstanding, net of unearned income, unamortized deferred loan fee income and loan origination costs. Interest is accrued as earned and loan origination fees and direct costs are deferred and accreted or amortized into interest income, as an adjustment to the yield, over the life of the loan using the level yield method. When a PPP loan is paid off or forgiven by the SBA, the remaining unaccreted or unamortized net origination fees or costs are immediately recognized into income.

Reclassifications

Certain prior year information has been reclassified to conform to the 2022 presentation.