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Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified into the following categories:

•Level 1: Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

•Level 2: Inputs include data points that are observable such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, and inputs (other than quoted prices) such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.

•Level 3: Inputs are generated from model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect an entity’s own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

As of September 30, 2022, the following warrants for the purchase of Qumu’s common stock were outstanding and exercisable:


Description	Number of underlying warrant shares	Warrant exercise price (per share)		Warrant expiration date
Warrant issued in conjunction with October 2016 debt financing ("Hale warrant")	238,583	$	2.80	October 21, 2026
Warrant issued to sales partner, iStudy Co., Ltd. ("iStudy warrant")	100,000	$	2.43	August 31, 2028
Total warrants outstanding	338,583

The warrant liability was recorded in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets at its fair value on the respective dates of issuance of the warrants and is revalued on each subsequent balance sheet date until such instrument is exercised or expires, with any changes in the fair value between reporting periods recorded in other income (expense) of the condensed consolidated statement of operations as "decrease (increase) in fair value of warrant liability." The Company recorded non-cash income of $26,000 and $94,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $143,000 and $1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, resulting from the decrease in fair value of the warrant liability.

The Company has historically estimated the fair value of this liability using option pricing models that are based on the individual characteristics of the warrants on the valuation date, which include the Company’s stock price and assumptions for expected volatility, expected life and risk-free interest rate, as well as the present value of the minimum cash payment component of the instrument for the warrants, when applicable. During the three months ended June 30, 2022, the Company began estimating the fair value of the Hale warrant using a Monte Carlo simulation performed by a third-party valuation firm, as the Company considers the simulation to better capture the potential range of future cash flows, particularly cash flows from scenarios in which the minimum cash payment is triggered.

Changes in the assumptions used could have a material impact on the resulting fair value of each warrant. The primary inputs affecting the value of the warrant liability are the Company’s stock price and volatility in the Company’s stock price, as well as assumptions about the probability and timing of certain events, such as a change in control or future equity offerings. Increases in the fair value of the underlying stock or increases in the volatility of the stock price generally contribute to an increase in the fair value of the warrant liability; conversely, decreases in the fair value of the underlying stock or decreases in the volatility of the stock price generally contribute to a decrease in the fair value of the warrant liability.

The Company’s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the fair value hierarchy utilized to determine such fair values were as follows at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):


			Fair Value Measurements Using
	Total Fair Value at September 30, 2022		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Liabilities:
Warrant liability - Hale	$	643	$	—	$	—	$	643
Warrant liability - iStudy	15		—		—		15
Warrant liability	$	658	$	—	$	—	$	658


			Fair Value Measurements Using
	Total Fair Value at December 31, 2021		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Liabilities:
Warrant liability - Hale	$	685	$	—	$	—	$	685
Warrant liability - iStudy	116		—		—		116
Warrant liability	$	801	$	—	$	—	$	801

The Company’s evaluation of the probability and timing of a change in control represents an unobservable input (Level 3) that shortens or lengthens the expected term input of the option pricing model for both warrants, and generally correspondingly increases or decreases, respectively, the present value of the minimum cash payment component of the Hale warrant. Consequently, as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the liability related to each warrant was classified as a Level 3 warrant liability.

The following table represents the significant unobservable input used in the fair value measurement of Level 3 warrant liability instruments:


	September 30, 2022	December 31, 2021
Probability-weighted timing of change in control	2.5 years	3.7 years

The following table summarizes the changes in Level 3 fair value measurements for the nine months ended September 30, 2022:


	Total
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	801
Change in fair value	(143)
Balance at September 30, 2022	$	658

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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