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Risk management - Spain portfolio overview (Details) - EUR (€)
 12 Months Ended 13 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Dec. 31, 2021
Credit risk        
Maximum exposure to credit risk € 903,647,000,000 € 861,432,000,000 € 943,903,000,000 € 903,647,000,000
Impairment loss on financial assets 22,125,000,000 23,422,000,000 21,567,000,000  
Stage 1 | Financial instruments not credit-impaired        
Credit risk        
Maximum exposure to credit risk 802,968,000,000 766,034,000,000 859,643,000,000 802,968,000,000
Impairment loss on financial assets 4,149,000,000 4,458,000,000 3,980,000,000  
Stage 2 and 3 | Financial instruments not credit-impaired        
Credit risk        
Maximum exposure to credit risk 69,968,000,000 64,962,000,000 52,897,000,000 69,968,000,000
Impairment loss on financial assets 5,103,000,000 5,461,000,000 4,311,000,000  
Stage 2 and 3 | Financial instruments credit-impaired        
Credit risk        
Maximum exposure to credit risk 30,711,000,000 30,436,000,000 31,363,000,000 30,711,000,000
Impairment loss on financial assets 12,873,000,000 13,503,000,000 13,276,000,000  
Investment grade        
Credit risk        
Maximum exposure to credit risk 579,241,000,000 498,642,000,000 558,295,000,000 579,241,000,000
Investment grade | Stage 1 | Financial instruments not credit-impaired        
Credit risk        
Maximum exposure to credit risk 565,443,000,000 489,518,000,000 552,763,000,000 565,443,000,000
Investment grade | Stage 2 and 3 | Financial instruments not credit-impaired        
Credit risk        
Maximum exposure to credit risk 13,798,000,000 9,124,000,000 5,532,000,000 13,798,000,000
Investment grade | Stage 2 and 3 | Financial instruments credit-impaired        
Credit risk        
Maximum exposure to credit risk 0 0 0 0
Speculation grade        
Credit risk        
Maximum exposure to credit risk 293,695,000,000 332,354,000,000 354,245,000,000 293,695,000,000
Speculation grade | Stage 1 | Financial instruments not credit-impaired        
Credit risk        
Maximum exposure to credit risk 237,525,000,000 276,516,000,000 306,880,000,000 237,525,000,000
Speculation grade | Stage 2 and 3 | Financial instruments not credit-impaired        
Credit risk        
Maximum exposure to credit risk 56,170,000,000 55,838,000,000 47,365,000,000 56,170,000,000
Speculation grade | Stage 2 and 3 | Financial instruments credit-impaired        
Credit risk        
Maximum exposure to credit risk 0 0 0 0
Default        
Credit risk        
Maximum exposure to credit risk 30,711,000,000 30,436,000,000 31,363,000,000 30,711,000,000
Default | Stage 1 | Financial instruments not credit-impaired        
Credit risk        
Maximum exposure to credit risk 0 0 0 0
Default | Stage 2 and 3 | Financial instruments not credit-impaired        
Credit risk        
Maximum exposure to credit risk 0 0 0 0
Default | Stage 2 and 3 | Financial instruments credit-impaired        
Credit risk        
Maximum exposure to credit risk € 30,711,000,000 € 30,436,000,000 € 31,363,000,000 € 30,711,000,000
Europe        
Credit risk        
Non-performing rate (as a percent) 3.12% 3.34% 3.47% 3.12%
Percentage decrease in non-performing loans ratio 0.22%      
Spain        
Credit risk        
Risk exposure associated with instruments sharing characteristic € 221,100,000,000     € 221,100,000,000
Percent at risk 21.00%     21.00%
Credit risk decrease percentage       (0.10%)
ICO loans € 27,294,000,000     € 27,294,000,000
Maximum exposure to credit risk 214,762,000,000 € 214,442,000,000 € 207,293,000,000 214,762,000,000
Impairment loss on financial assets 6,007,000,000 6,488,000,000 5,994,000,000  
Spain | Stage 1 | Financial instruments not credit-impaired        
Credit risk        
Maximum exposure to credit risk 186,353,000,000 187,622,000,000 182,276,000,000 186,353,000,000
Impairment loss on financial assets 422,000,000 479,000,000 296,000,000  
Spain | Stage 1 | Financial instruments not credit-impaired | Remaining legal entities        
Credit risk        
Maximum exposure to credit risk     5,693,000,000  
Impairment loss on financial assets     55,000,000  
Spain | Stage 2 and 3 | Financial instruments not credit-impaired        
Credit risk        
Maximum exposure to credit risk 15,648,000,000 13,058,000,000 10,430,000,000 15,648,000,000
Impairment loss on financial assets 580,000,000 732,000,000 503,000,000  
Spain | Stage 2 and 3 | Financial instruments not credit-impaired | Remaining legal entities        
Credit risk        
Maximum exposure to credit risk     445,000,000  
Impairment loss on financial assets     41,000,000  
Spain | Stage 2 and 3 | Financial instruments credit-impaired        
Credit risk        
Maximum exposure to credit risk 12,761,000,000 13,762,000,000 14,587,000,000 12,761,000,000
Impairment loss on financial assets 5,005,000,000 5,277,000,000 5,195,000,000  
Spain | Stage 2 and 3 | Financial instruments credit-impaired | Remaining legal entities        
Credit risk        
Maximum exposure to credit risk     237,000,000  
Impairment loss on financial assets     8,000,000  
Spain | Investment grade        
Credit risk        
Maximum exposure to credit risk 154,028,000,000 148,509,000,000 140,988,000,000 154,028,000,000
Spain | Investment grade | Stage 1 | Financial instruments not credit-impaired        
Credit risk        
Maximum exposure to credit risk 153,120,000,000 146,992,000,000 139,673,000,000 153,120,000,000
Spain | Investment grade | Stage 2 and 3 | Financial instruments not credit-impaired        
Credit risk        
Maximum exposure to credit risk 908,000,000 1,517,000,000 1,315,000,000 908,000,000
Spain | Investment grade | Stage 2 and 3 | Financial instruments credit-impaired        
Credit risk        
Maximum exposure to credit risk 0 0 0 0
Spain | Speculation grade        
Credit risk        
Maximum exposure to credit risk 47,973,000,000 52,171,000,000 51,718,000,000 47,973,000,000
Spain | Speculation grade | Stage 1 | Financial instruments not credit-impaired        
Credit risk        
Maximum exposure to credit risk 33,233,000,000 40,630,000,000 42,603,000,000 33,233,000,000
Spain | Speculation grade | Stage 2 and 3 | Financial instruments not credit-impaired        
Credit risk        
Maximum exposure to credit risk 14,740,000,000 11,541,000,000 9,115,000,000 14,740,000,000
Spain | Speculation grade | Stage 2 and 3 | Financial instruments credit-impaired        
Credit risk        
Maximum exposure to credit risk 0 0 0 0
Spain | Default        
Credit risk        
Maximum exposure to credit risk 12,761,000,000 13,762,000,000 14,587,000,000 12,761,000,000
Spain | Default | Stage 1 | Financial instruments not credit-impaired        
Credit risk        
Maximum exposure to credit risk 0 0 0 0
Spain | Default | Stage 2 and 3 | Financial instruments not credit-impaired        
Credit risk        
Maximum exposure to credit risk 0 0 0 0
Spain | Default | Stage 2 and 3 | Financial instruments credit-impaired        
Credit risk        
Maximum exposure to credit risk € 12,761,000,000 € 13,762,000,000 € 14,587,000,000 € 12,761,000,000
Spain | Europe        
Credit risk        
Non-performing rate (as a percent) 5.77% 6.23% 6.94% 5.77%
Spain | Europe | Nonperforming        
Credit risk        
Non-performing rate (as a percent) 5.77%     5.77%
Percentage decrease in non-performing loans ratio 0.46%      
Coverage rate (as a percent) 52.00%     52.00%
Percentage increase in nonperforming ratio 0.05%