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Intangible assets (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Disclosure of reconciliation of changes in goodwill [abstract]  
Schedule of goodwill based on cash-generating units
The detail of Intangible Assets - Goodwill at 30 June 2020 and 31 December 2019, based on the cash-generating units giving rise thereto, is as follows:
Million euros
30-06-202031-12-2019
Banco Santander (Brasil)3,216  4,388  
SAM Investment Holdings Limited (*)1,444  1,173  
Santander Consumer Germany1,236  1,236  
Santander Bank Polska1,133  2,427  
Santander Portugal1,040  1,040  
Santander España1,027  1,027  
Santander Consumer USA986  2,143  
Santander Bank, National Association647  1,828  
Santander UK584  7,147  
Banco Santander Chile540  589  
Grupo Financiero Santander (Mexico)426  460  
Santander Consumer Nordics210  496  
Other entities106  292  
Total Goodwill12,595  24,246  
(*) The increase in 2020 arises from the repurchase of the pension plan and collective investment institution business from Banco Popular Español, S.A.U. to the Allianz Group (see Note 2).
Disclosure of reconciliation of changes in goodwill
The changes in goodwill were as follows:

Million euros
2020
Balance at beginning of year24,246  
Additions 346  
  Of which:
  SAM Investment Holdings Limited (Note 2)271  
Impairment losses(10,100) 
 Of which:
  Santander UK(6,101) 
  Santander Bank Polska(1,192) 
  Santander Consumer USA(1,153) 
  Santander Bank, National Association(1,177) 
  Santander Consumer Nordics(277) 
Disposals or changes in scope of consolidation —  
Exchange differences and other items(1,897) 
Balance at end of period12,595  
Disclosure of sensitivity analysis for main assumptions
Following is a detail of the main assumptions which has been taken into account for determine the recoverable amount as of 30 June 2020 of the most significant cash-generating units which were valued using the discounted cash flow method and those used in 2019 year-end for comparison purposes:

30-06-202031-12-2019
Discount rate (*)Nominal perpetual growth rate Discount rate (*)Nominal perpetual growth rate
Santander UK 9.4 %2.3 %8.5 %2.5 %
Santander Bank Polska10.2 %3.5 %9.2 %3.5 %
Santander Consumer USA 10.6 %1.5 %9.5 %1.5 %
Santander Bank, National Association(**)10.7 %2.5 %9.6 %3.6 %
Santander Consumer Nordics9.9 %2.0 %8.6 %2.5 %
(*) Post-tax discount rate.
(**) Weighted information of the main hypotheses of the segments that are allocated within the goodwill.