Earnings per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Apr. 02, 2023
Earnings per Share [Abstract]
Net income attributable to Minerals Technologies Inc.	$ 46.7	$ 37.0
Weighted average shares outstanding (in shares)	32,300,000	32,500,000
Dilutive effect of stock options and deferred restricted stock units (in shares)	100,000	0
Weighted average shares outstanding, adjusted (in shares)	32,400,000	32,500,000
Basic earnings per share attributable to Minerals Technologies Inc. (in dollars per share)	$ 1.45	$ 1.14
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Minerals Technologies Inc. (in dollars per share)	$ 1.44	$ 1.14
Stock Options [Member]
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Options outstanding (in shares)	1,671,687	1,608,613
Anti-dilutive securities not included in computation of diluted earnings per share (in shares)	900,163	1,002,344