Reinsurance

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Reinsurance Disclosures [Abstract]

Reinsurance

Reinsurance In our mortgage insurance and title insurance businesses, we use reinsurance as part of our risk distribution strategy, including to manage our capital position and risk profile. The reinsurance arrangements for our mortgage insurance business include premiums ceded under the QSR Program and the Excess-of-Loss Program. The amount of credit that we receive under the PMIERs financial requirements for our third-party reinsurance transactions is subject to ongoing review and approval by the GSEs.

The effect of all of our reinsurance programs on our net income is as follows.

Reinsurance impacts on net premiums written and earned
	Net Premiums Written						Net Premiums Earned
	Years Ended December 31,						Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2022		2021		2020		2022		2021		2020
Direct
Mortgage insurance	$	967,996	$	984,995	$	1,085,670	$	1,025,607	$	1,104,696	$	1,263,684
Title insurance	24,422		39,665		22,843		24,422		39,665		22,843
Total direct	992,418		1,024,660		1,108,513		1,050,029		1,144,361		1,286,527
Assumed (1)
Mortgage insurance	4,025		7,066		12,197		4,025		7,066		12,214
Ceded
Mortgage insurance (2)	(12,148)		(47,515)		(86,912)		(72,419)		(113,480)		(183,131)
Title insurance	(504)		(764)		(289)		(504)		(764)		(289)
Total ceded (2)	(12,652)		(48,279)		(87,201)		(72,923)		(114,244)		(183,420)
Total net premiums	$	983,791	$	983,447	$	1,033,509	$	981,131	$	1,037,183	$	1,115,321

(1)Represents premiums from our participation in certain credit risk transfer programs, which we discontinued in December 2022 as a result of the novation of these insurance policies to an unrelated third-party reinsurer. See Note 16 for additional information.

(2)Net of profit commission, which is impacted by the level of ceded losses recoverable, if any, on reinsurance transactions. See Note 11 for additional information on our reserve for losses and reinsurance recoverable.

Other reinsurance impacts
	Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Ceding commissions earned (1)	$	18,998	$	31,745	$	53,654
Ceded losses (2)	(41,980)		(4,570)		58,266

(1)Ceding commissions earned are primarily related to mortgage insurance and are included as an offset to expenses primarily in other operating expenses on our consolidated statements of operations. Deferred ceding commissions of $27.4 million and $38.6 million are included in other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

(2)Primarily all related to mortgage insurance.

QSR Program

2022 QSR Agreement

In the third quarter of 2022, Radian Guaranty entered into the 2022 QSR Agreement with a panel of third-party reinsurance providers to cede a contractual quota share percent of certain of our NIW, which includes both Recurring Premium Policies and Single Premium Policies (as set forth in the table below), subject to certain conditions, including a limitation on ceded RIF equal to $8.5 billion over the term of the agreement. Radian Guaranty may discontinue ceding new policies under the agreement at the end of any calendar quarter.

Radian Guaranty receives a ceding commission for ceded premiums earned pursuant to these transactions. Radian Guaranty is also entitled to receive a profit commission quarterly, subject to a final annual re-calculation, provided that the loss ratio on the loans covered under the agreement generally remains below the applicable prescribed thresholds. Losses on the ceded risk up to these thresholds reduce Radian Guaranty’s profit commission on a dollar-for-dollar basis.

Single Premium QSR Program

Radian Guaranty entered into each of the 2016 Single Premium QSR Agreement, 2018 Single Premium QSR Agreement and 2020 Single Premium QSR Agreement with panels of third-party reinsurers to cede a contractual quota share percent of our Single Premium NIW as of the effective date of each agreement (as set forth in the table below), subject to certain conditions.

Radian Guaranty receives a ceding commission for ceded premiums written pursuant to these transactions. Radian Guaranty also receives a profit commission annually, provided that the loss ratio on the loans covered under the agreement

generally remains below the applicable prescribed thresholds. Losses on the ceded risk up to these thresholds reduce Radian Guaranty’s profit commission on a dollar-for-dollar basis.

As of January 1, 2022, Radian Guaranty is no longer ceding NIW under the Single Premium QSR Program.

2012 QSR Agreements

In 2012, Radian Guaranty entered into the 2012 QSR Agreements with a third-party reinsurance provider. Radian Guaranty has ceded the maximum amount permitted under the 2012 QSR Agreements and is no longer ceding NIW under this program. RIF ceded under the 2012 QSR Agreements was $142.4 million and $207.1 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The following table sets forth additional details regarding the QSR Programs.

QSR Program (1)
	2022 QSR Agreement		2020 Single Premium QSR Agreement		2018 Single Premium QSR Agreement		2016 Single Premium QSR Agreement
NIW policy dates	Jan 1, 2022- Jun 30, 2023		Jan 1, 2020- Dec 31, 2021		Jan 1, 2018- Dec 31, 2019		Jan 1, 2012- Dec 31, 2017
Effective date	July 1, 2022		January 1, 2020		January 1, 2018		January 1, 2016
Scheduled termination date	June 30, 2033		December 31, 2031		December 31, 2029		December 31, 2027
Optional termination date (2)	July 1, 2026		January 1, 2024		January 1, 2022		January 1, 2020
Quota share %	20%		65%		65%		18% - 57% (3)
Ceding commission %	20%		25%		25%		25%
Profit commission %	Up to 59%		Up to 56%		Up to 56%		Up to 55%
(In millions)	As of December 31, 2022
RIF ceded	$	3,307	$	1,993	$	876	$	1,207
(In millions)	As of December 31, 2021
RIF ceded	$	—	$	2,198	$	1,117	$	1,913

(1)Excludes the 2012 QSR Agreements, for which RIF ceded is no longer material.

(2)Radian Guaranty has the option, based on certain conditions and subject to a termination fee, to terminate any of the agreements at the end of any calendar quarter on or after the applicable optional termination date. If Radian Guaranty exercises this option in the future, it would result in Radian Guaranty reassuming the related RIF in exchange for a net payment to the reinsurers calculated in accordance with the terms of the applicable agreement. Radian Guaranty also may terminate any of the agreements prior to the scheduled termination date under certain circumstances, including if one or both of the GSEs no longer grant full PMIERs credit for the reinsurance.

(3)Effective September 30, 2022, one reinsurer terminated its interest in the 2016 Single Premium QSR Agreement in exchange for participating in the 2022 QSR Agreement. As a result, the portions ceded under this agreement declined from 20% to 65% to approximately 18% to 57% as of September 30, 2022.

Excess-of-Loss Program

Radian Guaranty has entered into six fully collateralized reinsurance arrangements with the Eagle Re Issuers, of which five remain active as of December 31, 2022. For the respective coverage periods, Radian Guaranty retains the first-loss layer of aggregate losses, as well as any losses in excess of the outstanding reinsurance coverage amounts. The Eagle Re Issuers provide second layer coverage up to the outstanding coverage amounts. For each of these reinsurance arrangements, the Eagle Re Issuers financed their coverage by issuing mortgage insurance-linked notes to eligible capital markets investors in unregistered private offerings. The aggregate excess-of-loss reinsurance coverage for these arrangements decreases over the maturity period of the mortgage insurance-linked notes (either a 10-year or 12.5-year period depending on the transaction) as the principal balances of the underlying covered mortgages decrease and as any claims are paid by the applicable Eagle Re Issuer or the mortgage insurance is canceled. Radian Guaranty has rights to terminate the reinsurance agreements upon the occurrence of certain events, including an optional call feature that provides Radian Guaranty the right to terminate the transaction on or after the optional call date (5 or 7 years after the issuance of the insurance-linked notes depending on the transaction) and a right to exercise an optional clean-up call if the outstanding principal amount of the related insurance-linked notes falls below 10% of the initial principal balance of the related insurance-linked notes.

Under each of the reinsurance agreements, the outstanding reinsurance coverage amount will begin amortizing after an initial period in which a target level of credit enhancement is obtained and will stop amortizing if certain thresholds, or triggers, are reached, including a delinquency trigger event based on an elevated level of delinquencies as defined in the related insurance-linked notes transaction agreements. The insurance-linked notes issued by Eagle Re 2018-1 and 2019-1 are currently subject to a delinquency trigger event, which was first reported to the insurance-linked note investors on June 25, 2020. For the insurance-linked notes that are subject to a delinquency trigger event, both the amortization of the outstanding reinsurance coverage amount pursuant to our reinsurance arrangements with the Eagle Re Issuers and the amortization of the principal amount of the related insurance-linked notes issued by the Eagle Re Issuers have been suspended and will continue to be suspended during the pendency of the trigger event.

Effective September 26, 2022, Radian Guaranty exercised its optional clean-up call right to terminate Radian Guaranty’s excess-of-loss reinsurance agreement with Eagle Re 2020-2 Ltd. In connection with the termination of Radian Guaranty’s excess-of-loss reinsurance agreement with Eagle Re 2020-2 Ltd., the insurance-linked notes issued by Eagle Re 2020-2 Ltd. were redeemed in full with a distribution of remaining collateral assets.

The following tables set forth additional details regarding the Excess-of-Loss Program.

Excess-of-Loss Program (1)
(In millions)	Eagle Re 2021-2 Ltd.		Eagle Re 2021-1 Ltd. (2)		Eagle Re 2020-1 Ltd.		Eagle Re 2019-1 Ltd.		Eagle Re 2018-1 Ltd.
Issued	November 2021		April 2021		February 2020		April 2019		November 2018
NIW policy dates	Jan 1, 2021- Jul 31, 2021		Aug 1, 2020- Dec 31, 2020		Jan 1, 2019- Sep 30, 2019		Jan 1, 2018- Dec 31, 2018		Jan 1, 2017- Dec 31, 2017
Initial RIF	$	10,758	$	11,061	$	9,866	$	10,705	$	9,109
Initial coverage	484		498		488		562		434
Initial first layer retention	242		221		202		268		205
(In millions)	As of December 31, 2022
RIF	$	9,150	$	7,758	$	2,401	$	1,769	$	1,509
Remaining coverage	472		366		368		385		276
First layer retention	242		221		202		263		200
(In millions)	As of December 31, 2021
RIF	$	10,379	$	9,496	$	3,241	$	2,429	$	2,117
Remaining coverage	484		498		488		385		276
First layer retention	242		221		202		264		201

(1)Excludes Eagle Re 2020-2 Ltd., which was terminated in September 2022, as further discussed above.

(2)Radian Group purchased $45.4 million original principal amount of the mortgage insurance-linked notes issued in connection with this reinsurance transaction, which are included in fixed-maturities available for sale on our consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2022. See Notes 5 and 6 for additional information.

The Eagle Re Issuers are not subsidiaries or affiliates of Radian Guaranty. Based on the accounting guidance that addresses VIEs, we have not consolidated any of the assets and liabilities of the Eagle Re Issuers in our financial statements, because Radian does not have: (i) the power to direct the activities that most significantly affect the Eagle Re Issuers’ economic performances or (ii) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the Eagle Re Issuers that potentially could be significant to the Eagle Re Issuers. See Note 2 for more information on our accounting treatment of VIEs.

The reinsurance premium due to the Eagle Re Issuers is calculated by multiplying the outstanding reinsurance coverage amount at the beginning of a period by a coupon rate, which is the sum of one-month LIBOR (or an acceptable alternative to LIBOR) or SOFR, as applicable, plus a contractual risk margin, and then subtracting actual investment income collected on the assets in the reinsurance trust during the preceding month. As a result, the premiums we pay will vary based on: (i) the spread between LIBOR (or an acceptable alternative to LIBOR) or SOFR, as provided in each applicable reinsurance agreement, and the rates on the investments held by the reinsurance trust and (ii) the outstanding amount of reinsurance coverage.

As the reinsurance premium will vary based on changes in these rates, we concluded that the reinsurance agreements contain embedded derivatives, which we have accounted for separately as freestanding derivatives and recorded in other assets or other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. Changes in the fair value of these embedded derivatives are recorded in net gains (losses) on investments and other financial instruments in our consolidated statements of operations.

See Note 5 herein for more information on our fair value measurements of financial instruments, including our embedded derivatives.

In the event an Eagle Re Issuer is unable to meet its future obligations to us, if any, our insurance subsidiaries would be liable to make claims payments to our policyholders. In the event that all of the assets in the reinsurance trust (consisting of U.S. government money market funds, cash or U.S. Treasury securities) become worthless and the Eagle Re Issuer is unable to make its payments to us, our maximum potential loss would be the amount of mortgage insurance claim payments for losses on the insured policies, net of the aggregate reinsurance payments already received, up to the full aggregate excess-of-loss reinsurance coverage amount. In the same scenario, the related embedded derivative would no longer have value.

The Eagle Re Issuers represent our only VIEs as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. The following table presents the total assets and liabilities of the Eagle Re Issuers as of the dates indicated.

Total VIE assets and liabilities of Eagle Re Issuers (1)
	December 31,
(In thousands)	2022		2021
Eagle Re 2021-2 Ltd.	$	471,942	$	484,122
Eagle Re 2021-1 Ltd.	366,169		497,735
Eagle Re 2020-2 Ltd. (2)	—		143,986
Eagle Re 2020-1 Ltd.	368,378		488,385
Eagle Re 2019-1 Ltd.	384,602		384,602
Eagle Re 2018-1 Ltd.	275,718		275,718
Total	$	1,866,809	$	2,274,548

(1)Assets held by the Eagle Re Issuers are required to be invested in U.S. government money market funds, cash or U.S. Treasury securities. Liabilities of the Eagle Re Issuers consist of their mortgage insurance-linked notes as described above. Assets and liabilities are equal to each other for each of the Eagle Re Issuers.

(2)In September 2022, the excess-of-loss reinsurance agreement with Eagle Re 2020-2 Ltd. was terminated, as further discussed above.

Other Collateral

Although we use reinsurance as one of our risk management tools, reinsurance does not relieve us of our obligations to our policyholders. In the event the reinsurers are unable to meet their obligations to us, our insurance subsidiaries would be liable for any defaulted amounts. However, consistent with the PMIERs reinsurer counterparty collateral requirements, Radian Guaranty’s reinsurers have established trusts to help secure our potential cash recoveries. In addition to the total VIE assets of the Eagle Re Issuers discussed above, the amount held in reinsurance trusts was $174.5 million as of December 31, 2022, compared to $167.9 million as of December 31, 2021.

In addition, primarily for the Single Premium QSR Program, Radian Guaranty holds amounts related to ceded premiums written to collateralize the reinsurers’ obligations, which is reported in reinsurance funds withheld on our consolidated balance sheets. Any loss recoveries and profit commissions paid to Radian Guaranty related to the Single Premium QSR Program are expected to be realized from this account.