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Description of Business
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Description of Business Description of Business
We are a diversified mortgage and real estate business, providing both credit-related mortgage insurance coverage and an array of other mortgage, risk, title, real estate and technology products and services. We have two reportable business segments—Mortgage and homegenius.
Mortgage
Our Mortgage segment provides credit-related insurance coverage, principally through private mortgage insurance on residential first-lien mortgage loans, as well as contract underwriting and other credit risk management solutions, to mortgage lending institutions and mortgage credit investors. We provide our mortgage insurance products and services mainly through our wholly owned subsidiary, Radian Guaranty.
Private mortgage insurance plays an important role in the U.S. housing finance system because it promotes affordable home ownership and helps protect mortgage lenders and mortgage investors, as well as other beneficiaries such as the GSEs, by mitigating default-related losses on residential mortgage loans. Generally, these loans are made to home buyers who make down payments of less than 20% of the purchase price for their home or, in the case of refinancings, have less than 20% equity in their home. Private mortgage insurance also facilitates the sale of these low down payment loans in the secondary mortgage market, almost all of which are currently sold to the GSEs.
Our total direct primary mortgage IIF and RIF were $261.0 billion and $66.1 billion, respectively, as of December 31, 2022, compared to $246.0 billion and $60.9 billion, respectively, as of December 31, 2021. In addition to providing private mortgage insurance, in the past we have participated in credit risk transfer programs developed by the GSEs as part of their initiative to distribute mortgage credit risk and increase the role of private capital in the mortgage market. In December 2022, we novated the insurance policies for all outstanding RIF resulting from our past participation in these programs to an unrelated third-party reinsurer. See Note 16 for additional information about this novation.
The GSEs and state insurance regulators impose various capital and financial requirements on our mortgage insurance subsidiaries. These include the PMIERs financial requirements, as well as Risk-to-capital and other risk-based capital measures and surplus requirements. Failure to comply with these capital and financial requirements may limit the amount of insurance that our mortgage insurance subsidiaries write or may prohibit them from writing insurance altogether. The GSEs and state insurance regulators possess significant discretion with respect to our mortgage insurance subsidiaries and all aspects of their business. See Note 16 for additional information on PMIERs and other regulatory information.
homegenius
Our homegenius segment is primarily a fee-for-service business that offers an array of products and services to market participants across the real estate value chain. Our homegenius products and services include title, real estate and technology products and services offered primarily to consumers, mortgage lenders, mortgage and real estate investors, GSEs, real estate brokers and agents. These products and services help lenders, investors, consumers and real estate agents evaluate, manage, monitor, acquire and sell properties. They include SaaS solutions and platforms, as well as managed services, such as real estate owned asset management, single-family rental services and real estate valuation services. In addition, we provide title insurance and non-insurance title, closing and settlement services to mortgage lenders, GSEs and mortgage investors, as well as directly to consumers for residential mortgage loans.
See Note 4 for additional information about our reportable segments and All Other business activities.
Risks and Uncertainties
In assessing the Company’s current financial condition and developing forecasts of future operations, management has made significant judgments and estimates with respect to potential factors impacting our financial and liquidity position. These judgments and estimates are subject to risks and uncertainties that could affect amounts reported in our financial statements in future periods and that could cause actual results to be materially different from our estimates, including as a result of macroeconomic stresses such as inflation, slower economic growth and higher levels of unemployment.