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Note 3 - Segment Reporting

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

We have two strategic business units that we manage separately—Mortgage Insurance and Services. Adjusted pretax operating income (loss) for each segment represents segment results on a standalone basis; therefore, inter-segment eliminations and reclassifications required for consolidated GAAP presentation have not been reflected.

We allocate to our Mortgage Insurance segment: (i) corporate expenses based on its forecasted annual percentage of total revenue, which approximates the estimated percentage of time spent on the Mortgage Insurance segment; (ii) all interest expense (except for interest expense related to an intercompany note with terms consistent with the original issued amount of $300 million from the Senior Notes due 2019 that were used to fund our purchase of Clayton, all of which is allocated to our Services segment); and (iii) all corporate cash and investments.

We allocate to our Services segment: (i) corporate expenses based on its forecasted annual percentage of total revenue, which approximates the estimated percentage of time spent on the Services segment and (ii) the allocated interest expense related to the intercompany note as described above. No material corporate cash or investments are allocated to the Services segment. Inter-segment activities are recorded at market rates for segment reporting and eliminated in consolidation.

Contract underwriting activities are reported within our Services segment. We include underwriting-related expenses for mortgage insurance, based on a pro-rata volume of mortgage applications excluding third-party contract underwriting services, in our Mortgage Insurance segment’s other operating expenses before corporate allocations. We include underwriting-related expenses for third-party contract underwriting services, based on a pro-rata volume of mortgage applications, in our Services segment’s cost of services and other operating expenses before corporate allocations, as applicable.

Adjusted Pretax Operating Income (Loss)

Our senior management, including our Chief Executive Officer (Radian’s chief operating decision maker), uses adjusted pretax operating income (loss) as our primary measure to evaluate the fundamental financial performance of each of Radian’s business segments and to allocate resources to the segments. Adjusted pretax operating income (loss) is defined as pretax income (loss) from continuing operations excluding the effects of net gains (losses) on investments and other financial instruments, loss on induced conversion and debt extinguishment, acquisition-related expenses, amortization or impairment of goodwill and other acquired intangible assets, and net impairment losses recognized in earnings and losses from the sale of lines of business.

Although adjusted pretax operating income excludes certain items that have occurred in the past and are expected to occur in the future, the excluded items represent those that are: (i) not viewed as part of the operating performance of our primary activities or (ii) not expected to result in an economic impact equal to the amount reflected in pretax income. These adjustments, along with the reasons for their treatment, are described below.

(1)

Net gains (losses) on investments and other financial instruments. The recognition of realized investment gains or losses can vary significantly across periods as the activity is highly discretionary based on the timing of individual securities sales due to such factors as market opportunities, our tax and capital profile and overall market cycles. Unrealized investment gains and losses arise primarily from changes in the market value of our investments that are classified as trading or equity securities. These valuation adjustments may not necessarily result in realized economic gains or losses.

Trends in the profitability of our fundamental operating activities can be more clearly identified without the fluctuations of these realized and unrealized gains or losses. We do not view them to be indicative of our fundamental operating activities. Therefore, these items are excluded from our calculation of adjusted pretax operating income (loss).

(2)

Loss on induced conversion and debt extinguishment. Gains or losses on early extinguishment of debt and losses incurred to purchase our convertible debt prior to maturity are discretionary activities that are undertaken in order to take advantage of market opportunities to strengthen our financial and capital positions; therefore, we do not view these activities as part of our operating performance. Such transactions do not reflect expected future operations and do not provide meaningful insight regarding our current or past operating trends. Therefore, these items are excluded from our calculation of adjusted pretax operating income (loss).

(3)

Acquisition-related expenses. Acquisition-related expenses represent the costs incurred to effect an acquisition of a business (i.e., a business combination). Because we pursue acquisitions on a strategic and selective basis and not in the ordinary course of our business, we do not view acquisition-related expenses as a consequence of a primary business activity. Therefore, we do not consider these expenses to be part of our operating performance and they are excluded from our calculation of adjusted pretax operating income (loss).

(4)

Amortization or impairment of goodwill and other acquired intangible assets. Amortization of acquired intangible assets represents the periodic expense required to amortize the cost of acquired intangible assets over their estimated useful lives. Acquired intangible assets with an indefinite useful life are also periodically reviewed for potential impairment, and impairment adjustments are made whenever appropriate. These charges are not viewed as part of the operating performance of our primary activities and therefore are excluded from our calculation of adjusted pretax operating income (loss).

(5)

Net impairment losses recognized in earnings and losses from the sale of lines of business. The recognition of net impairment losses on investments and the impairment of other long-lived assets does not result in a cash payment and can vary significantly in both amount and frequency, depending on market credit cycles and other factors. Losses from the sale of lines of business are highly discretionary as a result of strategic restructuring decisions, and generally do not occur in the normal course of our business. We do not view these losses to be indicative of our fundamental operating activities. Therefore, whenever these losses occur, we exclude them from our calculation of adjusted pretax operating income (loss).

Summarized operating results for our segments for the periods indicated, are as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2018		2017			2018		2017
Mortgage Insurance
Net premiums written—insurance (1)	$	253,827	$	247,810		$	743,765	$	713,782
(Increase) decrease in unearned premiums	1,655		(11,108		)	3,235		(26,184		)
Net premiums earned—insurance	255,482		236,702			747,000		687,598
Net investment income	38,824		32,540			110,227		93,643
Other income	725		760			2,153		2,118
Total (2)	295,031		270,002			859,380		783,359

Provision for losses	20,715		35,980			77,468		100,926
Policy acquisition costs	5,667		5,554			18,780		18,406
Other operating expenses before corporate allocations	33,152		36,941			98,302		114,169
Total (3)	59,534		78,475			194,550		233,501
Adjusted pretax operating income before corporate allocations	235,497		191,527			664,830		549,858
Allocation of corporate operating expenses	19,794		11,737			58,507		41,817
Allocation of interest expense	11,083		11,282			32,552		34,539
Adjusted pretax operating income	$	204,620	$	168,508		$	573,771	$	473,502

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(1)	Net of ceded premiums written under the QSR Program and the Single Premium QSR Program. See Note 7 for additional information.


(2)	Excludes net losses on investments and other financial instruments of $4.5 million and $30.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, and net gains on investments and other financial instruments of $2.5 million and $5.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, not included in adjusted pretax operating income.

(3)Includes inter-segment expenses as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Inter-segment expenses	$	766	$	1,491	$	2,653	$	5,726



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2018			2017			2018			2017
Services
Net premiums earned—insurance (1)	$	2,949		$	—		$	5,325		$	—
Services revenue (2)	37,332			41,062			109,211			121,126
Net investment income (1)	171			—			197			—
Other income (1)	449			—			844			—
Total (2)	40,901			41,062			115,577			121,126

Provision for losses (1)	242			—			295			—
Cost of services	26,001			27,544			73,628			82,196
Other operating expenses before corporate allocations	14,772			12,781			39,531			38,188
Restructuring and other exit costs (3)	407			5,463			1,987			5,463
Total	41,422			45,788			115,441			125,847
Adjusted pretax operating income (loss) before corporate allocations	(521		)	(4,726		)	136			(4,721		)
Allocation of corporate operating expenses	2,948			3,730			8,742			10,852
Allocation of interest expense	4,452			4,433			13,354			13,293
Adjusted pretax operating income (loss)	$	(7,921	)	$	(12,889	)	$	(21,960	)	$	(28,866	)

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(1)	Results from inclusion of the operations of EnTitle Direct, a national title insurance and settlement services company, acquired in March 2018.

(2)Includes inter-segment revenues as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Inter-segment revenues	$	766	$	1,491	$	2,653	$	5,726


(3)	Does not include impairment of long-lived assets and loss from the sale of a business line, which are not components of adjusted pretax operating income.

Selected balance sheet information for our segments, as of the periods indicated, is as follows:



	At September 30, 2018
(In thousands)	Mortgage Insurance		Services		Total
Total assets	$	6,095,101	$	174,383	$	6,269,484

	At December 31, 2017
(In thousands)	Mortgage Insurance		Services		Total
Total assets	$	5,733,918	$	166,963	$	5,900,881

The reconciliation of adjusted pretax operating income to consolidated pretax income is as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2018			2017			2018			2017
Adjusted pretax operating income (loss):
Mortgage Insurance (1)	$	204,620		$	168,508		$	573,771		$	473,502
Services (1)	(7,921		)	(12,889		)	(21,960		)	(28,866		)
Total adjusted pretax operating income	196,699			155,619			551,811			444,636

Net gains (losses) on investments and other financial instruments	(4,480		)	2,480			(30,771		)	4,960
Loss on induced conversion and debt extinguishment	—			(45,766		)	—			(51,469		)
Acquisition-related expenses (2)	(2		)	(54		)	(418		)	(126		)
Impairment of goodwill	—			—			—			(184,374		)
Amortization and impairment of other acquired intangible assets	(3,472		)	(2,890		)	(8,968		)	(25,042		)
Impairment of other long-lived assets and loss from the sale of a business line (3)	(4,057		)	(6,575		)	(3,953		)	(6,575		)
Consolidated pretax income	$	184,688		$	102,814		$	507,701		$	182,010

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(1)	Includes inter-segment expenses and revenues as listed in the notes to the preceding tables.


(2)	Acquisition-related expenses represent expenses incurred to effect the acquisition of a business, net of adjustments to accruals previously recorded for acquisition expenses.


(3)	Included within restructuring and other exit costs. See Note 1.

On a consolidated basis, “adjusted pretax operating income” is a measure not determined in accordance with GAAP. Total adjusted pretax operating income is not a measure of total profitability, and therefore should not be considered in isolation or viewed as a substitute for GAAP pretax income. Our definition of adjusted pretax operating income may not be comparable to similarly-named measures reported by other companies.