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Note 15 - Share-Based and Other Compensation Plans (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2013
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Schedule of outstanding awards and compensation expense recognized for each type of share-based award
The following table summarizes awards outstanding and compensation expense recognized for each type of share-based award as of and for the periods indicated:
 
 
December 31,
($ in thousands)
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
Share-Based Compensation Programs
 
Liability
Recorded/
Equity
Instruments
Outstanding
 
Compensation
Cost
Recognized (1)
 
Liability
Recorded/
Equity
Instruments
Outstanding
 
Compensation
Cost
Recognized (1)
 
Liability
Recorded/
Equity
Instruments
Outstanding
 
Compensation
Cost
Recognized (1)
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RSUs—Cash-Settled
 
$
104,114

 
$
79,322

 
$
26,164

 
$
21,301

 
$
5,229

 
$
480

SARs—Cash-Settled
 
8,195

 
8,544

 
4,602

 
3,498

 
1,156

 
(5,229
)
Officer LTI Plan
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
32

Liabilities
 
$
112,309

 
87,866

 
$
30,766

 
24,799

 
$
6,385

 
(4,717
)
Equity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stock Options
 
3,989,641

 
2,488

 
4,402,344

 
1,787

 
3,472,762

 
1,558

Phantom Stock
 
284,645

 
3

 
343,094

 
4

 
518,441

 
5

RSUs—Equity Settled
 
1,273,556

 
4,336

 
990,881

 
1,466

 
505,183

 
1,717

Restricted Stock
 
—

 
21

 
131,374

 
57

 
324,778

 
120

Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”)
 
 
 
267

 
 
 
253

 
 
 
348

Equity
 
 
 
7,115

 
 
 
3,567

 
 
 
3,748

Total all share-based plans
 
 
 
$
94,981

 
 
 
$
28,366

 
 
 
$
(969
)
______________ 
(1)
For purposes of calculating compensation cost recognized, we generally consider time-vested awards effectively vested (and we recognize the full compensation costs) when grantees become retirement eligible. However, under the terms of our stock option awards granted in 2013, 2012 and 2011, legal vesting for retirement occurs when the grantee actually separates from service, with the exception of certain senior executives for whom vesting remains dependent on the stock price hurdle being met regardless of when the executive separates from service. Performance-based RSU awards granted in 2013, 2012 and 2011 provide that vesting remains dependent on the Company’s performance for the full term of the awards notwithstanding the grantee’s earlier retirement.
Schedule of additional information regarding all share-based awards
The following table reflects additional information regarding all share-based awards for the years indicated:
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
($ in thousands except per-share amounts)
2013
 
2012
 
2011
Total compensation cost recognized
$
94,981

 
$
28,366

 
$
(969
)
Less: Costs deferred as acquisition costs
1,769

 
465

 
171

Stock-based compensation expense impact on net (loss) income before income taxes—increase (decrease)
$
93,212

 
$
27,901

 
$
(1,140
)
Stock-based compensation expense impact on net (loss) income—decrease (increase)
$
60,588

 
$
18,136

 
$
(741
)
Stock-based compensation expense impact on diluted (loss) income per share—increase (decrease)
$
0.36

 
$
0.14

 
$
(0.01
)
Schedule of information with regard to stock options
Information with regard to stock options for the periods indicated is as follows:
 
 
Number of
Shares
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
Per Share
Outstanding, December 31, 2012
4,402,344

 
$
15.82

Granted
279,650

 
13.99

Exercised
(25,100
)
 
2.48

Forfeited
(17,054
)
 
4.46

Expired
(650,199
)
 
47.71

Outstanding, December 31, 2013
3,989,641

 
10.63

Exercisable, December 31, 2013
1,699,608

 
18.72

Available for grant, December 31, 2013
123,859

 
 
Schedule of fully vested share options
The table below summarizes information regarding fully vested stock options as of December 31, 2013:
 
($ in millions, except per-share amounts)
Outstanding and
Exercisable
Number of options vested
1,699,608

Fair value of options vested during the year
$
0.9

Weighted-average exercise price per share
$
18.72

Aggregate intrinsic value (excess market price over exercise price)
$
5.3

Weighted-average remaining contractual term of options (in years)
1.0 years
Schedule of outstanding and exercisable options
The following table summarizes information concerning outstanding and exercisable options at December 31, 2013:
 
Options Outstanding
 
Options Exercisable
Range of Exercise Prices
Number
Outstanding
 
Weighted Average
Remaining
Contractual Life
(Years)
 
Weighted Average
Exercise Price
 
Number
Exercisable
 
Weighted Average
Exercise Price
$2.45 - $3.58
2,250,190

 
6.20
 
$
2.73

 
419,700

 
$
2.48

$5.76 - $7.06
75,143

 
4.18
 
6.88

 
—

 
—

$10.42 - $13.99
491,450

 
6.75
 
12.43

 
107,050

 
10.42

$20.34
946,400

 
0.70
 
20.34

 
946,400

 
20.34

$45.95
226,458

 
0.11
 
45.95

 
226,458

 
45.95

 
3,989,641

 
2.73
 
 
 
1,699,608

 
 
Schedule of valuation assumptions of stock options granted
In 2013 and 2012, we used the Monte Carlo valuation model in determining the grant date fair value of performance-based stock options issued to executives and non-executives. Prior to 2012, we used the Black-Scholes valuation model in determining the grant date fair value of all stock options issued to executives, non-executives and non-employee directors. Each of these was determined using the assumptions noted in the following table:
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
Expected life (years) (1)
(2)
 
(3)
 
6 years

Risk-free interest rate (4)
1.96
%
 
1.66
%
 
1.88
%
Volatility (5)
94.63
%
 
96.97
%
 
114.51
%
Dividend yield
0.07
%
 
0.41
%
 
0.28
%
 ______________
(1)
In 2011, the expected life of stock options granted was estimated to be less than the full term of the options awarded. The expected life is estimated using historical data.
(2)
In 2013, we used a Monte Carlo valuation, which assumes a derived service period of between 3.02 years and 4 years instead of an expected life assumption.
(3)
In 2012, we used a Monte Carlo valuation, which assumes a derived service period of between 3.14 years and 4 years instead of an expected life assumption.
(4)
The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.
(5)
Volatility is determined at the date of grant using historical share price volatility and expected life of each award.
Schedule of valuation assumptions of performance based RSU
The following are assumptions used in our calculation of the 2013 grant date fair value of performance-based RSUs to be settled in common stock:
     
 
2013
Expected life
3 years

Risk-free interest rate
0.4
%
Volatility
81.8
%
Dividend yield
0.07
%
Schedule of changes in RSU to be settled under 2008 Equity Plan
Information with regard to RSUs to be settled in stock for the periods indicated is as follows:
 
Number of
Shares
 
Weighted Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Unvested, December 31, 2012
990,881

 
$
5.09

Granted
538,588

 
13.55

Vested
(162,317
)
 
8.27

Forfeited
(93,596
)
 
12.02

Unvested, December 31, 2013
1,273,556

 
$
7.75
Schedule of restricted stock under Equity Plans
Information with regard to restricted stock for the periods indicated is as follows:
 
Number of
Shares
 
Weighted Average
Grant Date Fair
Value Per Share
Unvested, December 31, 2012
131,374

 
$
2.72

Vested
(131,374
)
 
2.72

Unvested, December 31, 2013
—

 
$
—
Schedule of valuation assumptions of ESPP
The following are assumptions used in our calculation of ESPP compensation expense during 2013:
 
 
January 1, 2013
 
July 1, 2013
Expected life
6 months

 
6 months

Risk-free interest rate
0.50
%
 
0.41
%
Volatility
79.91
%
 
58.64
%
Dividend yield
0.08
%
 
0.04
%