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Note 17 - Share-Based and Other Compensation Plans (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2012
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Schedule of outstanding awards and compensation expense recognized for each type of share-based award
The following table summarizes awards outstanding and compensation expense recognized for each type of market condition award as of and for the periods indicated:  
 
 
December 31,
($ in thousands)
 
2012
 
2011
 
2010
Market Condition Compensation Programs
 
Liability
Recorded/
Equity
Instruments
Outstanding
 
Compensation
Cost
Recognized (1)
 
Liability
Recorded/
Equity
Instruments
Outstanding
 
Compensation
Cost
Recognized (1)
 
Liability
Recorded/
Equity
Instruments
Outstanding
 
Compensation
Cost
Recognized (1)
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RSUs—Cash Settled
 
$
26,164

 
$
21,301

 
$
5,229

 
$
480

 
$
4,788

 
$
1,774

SARs—Cash Settled
 
4,602

 
3,498

 
1,156

 
(5,229
)
 
6,430

 
3,951

Officer LTI Plan
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
32

 
8,397

 
5,618

Liabilities
 
$
30,766

 
24,799

 
$
6,385

 
(4,717
)
 
$
19,615

 
11,343

Equity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stock Options
 
4,402,344

 
1,787

 
3,472,762

 
1,558

 
3,227,411

 
2,214

Phantom Stock
 
343,094

 
4

 
518,441

 
5

 
518,441

 
3,183

RSUs—Equity Settled
 
990,881

 
1,466

 
505,183

 
1,717

 
216,300

 
1,272

Restricted Stock
 
131,374

 
57

 
324,778

 
120

 
399,575

 
2,036

Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”)
 
 
 
253

 
 
 
348

 
 
 
321

Equity
 
 
 
3,567

 
 
 
3,748

 
 
 
9,026

Total all share-based plans
 
 
 
$
28,366

 
 
 
$
(969
)
 
 
 
$
20,369

______________ 
(1)
For purposes of calculating compensation cost recognized, we consider awards effectively vested (and we recognize the full compensation costs) when grantees become retirement eligible. Under the terms of our awards, legal vesting upon retirement occurs when the grantee actually separates from service, except for awards granted to certain senior executives in which case vesting remains dependent on performance for the full term of the awards notwithstanding an executive’s early retirement.
Schedule of additional information regarding all share-based awards
The following table reflects additional information regarding all market condition awards for the years indicated:
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
($ in thousands except per-share amounts)
2012
 
2011
 
2010
Total compensation cost recognized
$
28,366

 
$
(969
)
 
$
20,369

Less: Costs deferred as acquisition costs
465

 
171

 
551

Stock-based compensation expense impact on net (loss) income before income taxes—increase (decrease)
$
27,901

 
$
(1,140
)
 
$
19,818

Stock-based compensation expense impact on net (loss) income—decrease (increase)
$
18,136

 
$
(741
)
 
$
12,882

Excess tax benefits from stock-based payment arrangements
$
—

 
$
4

 
$
—

Stock-based compensation expense impact on diluted (loss) income per share—increase (decrease)
$
0.14

 
$
(0.01
)
 
$
0.11
Schedule of information with regard to stock options
Information with regard to stock options for the periods indicated is as follows:
 
 
Number of
Shares
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
Per Share
Outstanding, December 31, 2011
3,472,762

 
$
23.97

Granted
1,312,590

 
2.45

Exercised
—

 
—

Forfeited
(18,342
)
 
6.43

Expired
(364,666
)
 
45.73

Outstanding, December 31, 2012
4,402,344

 
15.82

Exercisable, December 31, 2012
2,267,857

 
27.24

Available for grant, December 31, 2012
1,329,689

 
 
Schedule of fully vested share options
The table below summarizes information regarding fully vested stock options as of December 31, 2012:
 
($ in millions, except per-share amounts)
Outstanding and
Exercisable
Number of options vested
2,267,857

Fair value of options vested during the year
$
0.3

Weighted-average exercise price per share
$
27.24

Aggregate intrinsic value (excess market price over exercise price)
$
—

Weighted-average remaining contractual term of options (in years)
1.4 years
Schedule of outstanding and exercisable options
The following table summarizes information concerning outstanding and exercisable options at December 31, 2012:
 
 
Options Outstanding
 
Options Exercisable
Range of Exercise Prices
Number
Outstanding
 
Weighted Average
Remaining
Contractual Life
(Years)
 
Weighted Average
Exercise Price
 
Number
Exercisable
 
Weighted Average
Exercise Price
$2.45 - $3.58
2,288,360

 
5.45

 
$
2.72

 
444,800

 
$
2.48

$5.76 - $7.06
76,827

 
5.18

 
6.89

 
—

 
—

$10.42
214,100

 
4.36

 
10.42

 
—

 
—

$20.34
946,400

 
1.70

 
20.34

 
946,400

 
20.34

$35.79 - $53.17
494,580

 
0.04

 
40.48

 
494,580

 
40.48

$56.03
382,077

 
0.10

 
56.03

 
382,077

 
56.03

 
4,402,344

 
3.51

 
 
 
2,267,857

 
 
Schedule of valuation assumptions of stock options granted
In 2012, we used the Monte Carlo valuation model in determining the grant date fair value of stock options issued to executives and non-executives. Prior to 2012, we used the Black-Scholes valuation model in determining the grant date fair value of stock options issued to executives, non-executives and non-employee directors. Each of these was determined using the assumptions noted in the following table:
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2012
 
2011
 
2010
Expected life (years) (1)
(2)
 
6 years

 
6 years

Risk-free interest rate (3)
1.66
%
 
1.88
%
 
2.85
%
Volatility (4)
96.97
%
 
114.51
%
 
110.83
%
Dividend yield
0.41
%
 
0.28
%
 
0.10
%
 ______________
(1)
In 2011 and 2010, the expected life of stock options granted was estimated to be less than the full term of the options awarded. The expected life is estimated using historical data.
(2)
In 2012, we began using a Monte Carlo valuation, which assumes a derived service period of between 3.14 years and 4 years instead of an expected life assumption.
(3)
The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.
(4)
Volatility is determined at the date of grant using historical share price volatility and expected life of each award.
Schedule of valuation assumptions of performance based RSU
The following are assumptions used in our calculation of the 2010 grant date fair value of performance-based RSUs to be settled in common stock:
     
 
2010
Expected life
3 years

Risk-free interest rate
1.4
%
Volatility
154.5
%
Dividend yield
0.12
%
Schedule of changes in RSU to be settled under 2008 Equity Plan
Information with regard to RSUs to be settled in stock for the periods indicated is as follows:
 
Number of
Shares
 
Weighted Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Unvested, December 31, 2011
505,183

 
$
8.08

Granted
558,216

 
2.51

Vested
(62,388
)
 
5.53

Forfeited
(10,130
)
 
9.26

Unvested, December 31, 2012
990,881

 
$
5.09
Schedule of restricted stock under Equity Plans
Information with regard to restricted stock for the periods indicated is as follows:
 
Number of
Shares
 
Weighted Average
Grant Date Fair
Value Per Share
Unvested, December 31, 2011
324,778

 
$
2.67

Granted
—

 
—

Vested
(189,404
)
 
2.62

Forfeited
(4,000
)
 
2.68

Unvested, December 31, 2012
131,374

 
$
2.72
Schedule of valuation assumptions of ESPP
The following are assumptions used in our calculation of ESPP compensation expense during 2012:
 
 
January 1, 2012
 
July 1, 2012
Expected life
6 months

 
6 months

Risk-free interest rate
0.79
%
 
0.73
%
Volatility
121.02
%
 
95.70
%
Dividend yield
0.21
%
 
0.15
%