3. Revenue Recognition

On April 29, 2018, the Company adopted Topic 606 using the modified retrospective approach for all contracts not completed as of the adoption date. Financial results for reporting periods beginning after April 28, 2018 are presented in accordance with Topic 606, while prior periods will continue to be reported in accordance with our pre-adoption accounting policies and therefore have not been adjusted to conform to Topic 606.

The primary impact of adopting Topic 606 relates to the timing of revenue recognition for gift card breakage. The Company estimates the portion of the gift card liability for which the likelihood of redemption is remote based upon the Company’s historical redemption patterns. Prior to adoption of Topic 606, the Company recorded this amount in revenue on a straight-line basis over a 12-month period beginning in the 13th month after the month the gift card was originally sold. Upon adoption, the Company now recognizes estimated gift card breakage as revenue proportionately as redemption occurs. This change in accounting policy was accounted for through a cumulative effect adjustment to increase retained earnings during the first quarter of fiscal 2019. The Company reclassified $90,147 from gift card liabilities resulting in a cumulative effect adjustment of $70,044, net of tax, to retained earnings on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statement of changes in stockholders’ equity. Additionally, the adoption of Topic 606 resulted in insignificant financial statement presentation reclassifications related to sales return reserve. The Company does not expect the adoption of Topic 606 to have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements on a prospective basis.

In accordance with Topic 606, revenue shall be recognized upon satisfaction of all contractual performance obligations and transfer of control to the customer. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for corresponding goods or services. Substantially all of the Company’s sales are single performance obligation arrangements for retail sale transactions for which the transaction price is equivalent to the stated price of the product or service, net of any stated discounts applicable at a point in time. Each sales transaction results in an implicit contract with the customer to deliver a product or service at the point of sale. Revenue from retail sales is recognized at the point of sale, net of sales tax and estimated future returns. Revenue from eCommerce sales is recognized upon estimated delivery and receipt of the shipment by the Company’s customers. Freight costs are included within the Company’s cost of sales and occupancy. A provision for anticipated merchandise returns is provided through a reduction of sales and cost of goods sold in the period that the related sales are recorded. All of the Company’s sales are recognized as revenue on a “net” basis, including sales in connection with any periodic promotions offered to customers. The Company does not treat any promotional offers as expenses.

NOOK acquires the rights to distribute digital content from publishers and distributes the content on www.barnesandnoble.com, NOOK^® devices and other eBookstore platforms. Certain digital content is distributed under an agency pricing model, in which the publishers set prices for eBooks and NOOK receives a commission on content sold. The majority of the Company’s eBooks sold are under the agency model.

The Barnes & Noble Membership Program offers members greater discounts and other benefits for products and services, as well as exclusive offers and promotions via e-mail or direct mail, for an annual fee of $25.00, which is non-refundable after the first 30 days. Revenue is recognized over the 12-month period based upon historical spending patterns for Barnes & Noble members.

The following table summarizes disaggregated revenue from contracts with customers by product line:


Sales by Product Line	13 weeks ended						26 weeks ended
	October 27, 2018			October 28, 2017			October 27, 2018			October 28, 2017
Media ^(a)		69	%		71	%		70	%		72	%
Digital ^(b)		2	%		3	%		3	%		3	%
Other ^(c)		29	%		26	%		27	%		25	%

Total		100	%		100	%		100	%		100	%

^(a)	Includes tangible books, music, movies, rentals and newsstand.

^(b)	Includes NOOK^®, related accessories, eContent and warranties.

^(c)	Includes Toys & Games, café products, gifts and miscellaneous other.