Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Management Estimates

Management estimates — The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from such estimates

Revenue Recognition

Revenue recognition — Revenues from our contract drilling, pressure pumping, directional drilling, oilfield rentals, equipment servicing and electrical control and automation activities are recognized as services are performed. All of the wells we drilled in 2022, 2021 and 2020 were drilled under daywork contracts. Revenue is presented net of any sales tax charged to the customer that we are required to remit to local or state governmental taxing authorities.

Reimbursements for the purchase of supplies, equipment, personnel services, shipping and other services that are provided at the request of our customers are recorded as revenue when incurred. The related costs are recorded as operating expenses when incurred.

Leases

Leases — We have operating leases for operating locations, corporate offices and certain operating equipment. We determine if a contract contains a lease at inception or as a result of an acquisition. A right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability are recognized on our consolidated balance sheet at commencement at an amount based on the present value of the remaining lease payments over the lease term. Renewal options are included in the right-of-use asset and lease liability if it is reasonably certain that we will exercise the option, and termination options are included in the right-of-use asset and lease liability if it is not reasonably certain we will exercise the option. By our policy election, right-of-use assets and lease liabilities with an initial term of one year or less are not recognized for leasing arrangements, and non-lease and lease components are treated as a single lease component instead of bifurcating lease. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis. If available, we use the rate implicit in the lease at commencement date to discount the lease payments. If the implicit rate is not readily determinable, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in the determination of the present value of future lease payments. As of December 31, 2022, we did not have any finance leases.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable — Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount. The allowance for credit losses represents our estimate of the amount of probable credit losses existing in our accounts receivable. See Note 4 for our methodology on allowance of credit losses. Significant individual accounts receivable balances and balances which have been outstanding greater than 90 days are reviewed individually for collectability. Account balances, when determined to be uncollectible, are charged against the allowance.

Inventories

Inventories — Inventories consist primarily of sand and other products to be used in conjunction with our pressure pumping activities, materials used in our directional drilling and equipment servicing business and spare parts for our Colombia contract drilling business. Such inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined using the average cost method.

Other Current Assets

Other current assets — Other current assets includes reimbursement from our workers compensation insurance carrier for claims in excess of our deductible in the amount of $34.6 million and $29.9 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment — Property and equipment is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives. The method of depreciation does not change whenever equipment becomes idle. The estimated useful lives, in years, are shown below:

	Useful Lives
Equipment	1.25-15
Buildings	15-20
Other	3-12

Long-lived assets, including property and equipment, are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of certain assets may not be recovered over their estimated remaining useful lives. In the event a triggering event is identified, we estimate future cash flows over the life of the respective assets or asset groupings in our assessment of impairment. Assets are grouped at the lowest level at which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of other asset groupings for impairment assessment. Cash flow estimates are based on historical cyclical trends in the industry as well as our expectations regarding the continuation of these trends in the future. Asset impairments are charged against income when estimated future cash flows, on an undiscounted basis, are less than the asset’s net book value. Any impairment is measured at fair value.

Maintenance and Repairs

Maintenance and repairs — Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense when incurred. Renewals and betterments which extend the life or improve existing property and equipment are capitalized.

Disposals

Disposals — Upon disposition of property and equipment, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in our consolidated statements of operations.

Oil and Natural Gas Properties

Oil and natural gas properties — Working interests in oil and natural gas properties are accounted for using the successful efforts method of accounting. Under the successful efforts method of accounting, exploration costs which result in the discovery of oil and natural gas reserves and all development costs are capitalized to the appropriate well. Exploration costs which do not result in discovering oil and natural gas reserves are charged to expense when such determination is made. Costs of exploratory wells are initially capitalized to wells-in-progress until the outcome of the drilling is known. We review wells-in-progress quarterly to determine whether sufficient progress is being made in assessing the reserves and economic viability of the respective projects. If no progress has been made in assessing the reserves and economic viability of a project after one year following the completion of drilling, we consider the well costs to be impaired and recognize the costs as expense. Geological and geophysical costs, including seismic costs, and costs to carry and retain undeveloped properties are charged to expense when incurred. The capitalized costs of both developmental and successful exploratory type wells, consisting of lease and well equipment and intangible development costs, are depreciated, depleted and amortized

using the units-of-production method, based on engineering estimates of total proved developed oil and natural gas reserves for each respective field. Oil and natural gas leasehold acquisition costs are depreciated, depleted and amortized using the units-of-production method, based on engineering estimates of total proved oil and natural gas reserves for each respective field.

We review our proved oil and natural gas properties for impairment whenever a triggering event occurs, such as downward revisions in reserve estimates or decreases in expected future oil and natural gas prices. Proved properties are grouped by field and undiscounted cash flow estimates are prepared based on management’s expectation of future pricing over the lives of the respective fields. These cash flow estimates are reviewed by an independent petroleum engineer. If the net book value of a field exceeds our undiscounted cash flow estimate, impairment expense is measured and recognized as the difference between net book value and fair value. The fair value estimates used in measuring impairment are based on internally developed unobservable inputs including reserve volumes and future production, pricing and operating costs (Level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy of fair value accounting). We review unproved oil and natural gas properties quarterly to assess potential impairment. Our impairment assessment is made on a lease-by-lease basis and considers factors such as management’s intent to drill, lease terms and abandonment of an area. If an unproved property is determined to be impaired, the related property costs are expensed. Impairment expense related to oil and natural gas properties of approximately $4.5 million, $1.3 million and $11.2 million was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Income Taxes

Income taxes — The asset and liability method is used in accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for operating loss and tax credit carryforwards and for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the results of operations in the period that includes the enactment date. If applicable, a valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets unless it is more likely than not that such assets will be realized. Our policy is to account for interest and penalties with respect to income taxes as operating expenses.

Stock-based Compensation

Stock-based compensation — We recognize the cost of share-based payments under the fair-value-based method. Under this method, compensation cost related to share-based payments is measured based on the estimated fair value of the awards at the date of grant, net of estimated forfeitures. This expense is recognized over the expected life of the awards, see Note 12.

As share-based compensation expense recognized in our consolidated statements of operations is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, it has been reduced for estimated forfeitures, based on historical experience. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

Statement of Cash Flows

Statement of cash flows — For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on deposit and money market funds with original maturities of three months or less.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards — In December 2019, the FASB issued an accounting standards update to simplify the accounting for income taxes. The amendments in the update were effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. We adopted this new guidance on January 1, 2021, and there was no material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards — In March 2020, the FASB issued an accounting standards update to provide temporary optional expedients that simplify the accounting for contract modifications to existing debt agreements expected to arise from the market transition from LIBOR to alternative reference rates. The amendments in the update are effective as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022 and may be applied to contract modifications from the beginning of an interim period that includes or is subsequent to March 12, 2020. We plan to adopt this standard when LIBOR is discontinued, and we do not expect this new guidance will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In October 2021, the FASB issued an accounting standards update, which requires contract assets and contract liabilities (i.e., deferred revenue) acquired in a business combination to be recognized and measured by the acquirer on the acquisition date in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Generally, this new guidance will result in the acquirer recognizing contract assets and contract liabilities at the same amounts recorded by the acquiree. Historically, such amounts were recognized by the acquirer at fair value in acquisition accounting. The amendments should be applied prospectively to acquisitions occurring on or after the effective date. The amendments in the update are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. We plan to adopt this new guidance on January 1, 2023, and we do not expect this new guidance will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.