Description of business — Patterson-UTI Energy, Inc., through its wholly-owned subsidiaries and consolidating interest of a joint venture (collectively referred to herein as “we,” “us,” “our,” “ours” and like terms), is a Houston, Texas-based leading provider of drilling and completion services to oil and natural gas exploration and production companies in the United States and other select countries, including contract drilling services, integrated well completion services and directional drilling services in the United States, and specialized drill bit solutions in the United States, Middle East and many other regions around the world. We operate under three reportable business segments: (i) drilling services, (ii) completion services, and (iii) drilling products. In addition, we own and invest, as a non-operating, working interest owner, in oil and natural gas assets that are primarily located in Texas and New Mexico. We had other operations through which we provided oilfield rental tools in select markets in the United States prior to the divestiture of that business in April 2025.

On August 14, 2023, we completed our acquisition (the “Ulterra acquisition”) of Ulterra Drilling Technologies, L.P. (“Ulterra”), a global provider of specialized drill bit solutions. On September 1, 2023, we completed our merger (the “NexTier merger”) with NexTier Oilfield Solutions Inc. (“NexTier”), a predominately U.S. land-focused oilfield service provider, with a diverse set of well completion and production services across a variety of active basins. See Note 2 for additional details on the acquisition and merger.

Basis of presentation — The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Patterson-UTI Energy, Inc., its wholly-owned subsidiaries and the consolidating interest of a joint venture. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Except for wholly-owned subsidiaries and our interest in a joint venture, we have no controlling financial interests in any other entity which would require consolidation. Patterson-UTI Energy, Inc. conducts its business operations through its wholly-owned subsidiaries and has no employees or independent operations.

The U.S. dollar is the reporting currency and functional currency for most of our operations except certain of our foreign subsidiaries, which use their local currencies as their functional currency. Assets and liabilities of these foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars using the exchange rates in effect as of the balance sheet date. The effects of these translation adjustments are reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income, which is a separate component of stockholders’ equity.

Management estimates — The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from such estimates.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of such amounts shown in the statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):

Accounts receivable — Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount. The allowance for credit losses represents our estimate of the amount of probable credit losses existing in our accounts receivable. Significant individual accounts receivable balances and balances which have been outstanding greater than 90 days are reviewed individually for collectability. Account balances, when determined to be uncollectible, are charged against the allowance.

Inventories — Inventories consist primarily of sand and other products to be used in conjunction with our completion services activities, materials used in our equipment servicing business, spare parts for drilling services and raw materials for drilling products. Such inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Our inventory is recorded using weighted average cost.

We periodically review the nature and quantities of inventory on hand and evaluate the net realizable value of items based on historical usage patterns, known changes to equipment or processes and customer demand for specific products. Provision for excess or obsolete inventories is determined based on historical usage of inventory on-hand, volume on-hand versus anticipated usage, technological advances and consideration of current market conditions. Inventories that have not turned over for more than a year are subject to slow-moving reserve provisions. In addition, inventories that have become obsolete due to technological advances or are no longer configured to operate with our equipment are written off.

Other current assets — Other current assets include reimbursement from our workers compensation insurance carrier for claims in excess of our deductible in the amount of $30.5 million and $33.2 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. We also maintain prepayments for items such as insurance, rent and inventory.

Long-lived assets with definite lives — Property and equipment and definite-lived intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation, amortization, depletion and impairment. Depreciation and amortization is recorded on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives.

Long-lived assets with definite lives, including property and equipment and certain intangible assets, are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of certain assets may not be recovered over their estimated remaining useful lives (“triggering events”). Assets are grouped at the lowest level at which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of other asset groupings for impairment assessment. If there is a triggering event, we estimate undiscounted future cash flows over the life of the respective assets or asset groupings in our assessment of its recoverability. These estimates of cash flows are based on historical cyclical trends in the industry as well as our expectations regarding the continuation of these trends in the future. If estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of an asset or asset group is less than its respective carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds its estimated fair value.

Goodwill — As a result of both the Ulterra acquisition and the NexTier merger, we have recognized goodwill. Goodwill from acquisitions is recorded as the excess of the consideration transferred plus the fair value of any non-controlling interest in the acquiree at the acquisition date over the fair values of the identifiable net assets acquired. Goodwill is considered to have an indefinite useful economic life and is not amortized. We assess impairment of goodwill at least annually, as of July 31, or on an interim basis when events or circumstances indicate that the fair value of goodwill may have decreased below its carrying value. If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, we recognize an impairment in an amount equal to the excess, limited to the total amount of

Leases — We lease various offices, equipment and vehicles to support our operations and corporate activities. We determine if a contract contains a lease at inception or as a result of an acquisition. Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and corresponding lease liabilities are recognized on our consolidated balance sheet at lease commencement based on the present value of the remaining lease payments over the lease term. The lease term may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise such options.

By our policy election, ROU assets and lease liabilities with an initial term of one year or less are not recognized for leasing arrangements, and non-lease and lease components are treated as a single lease component instead of bifurcating those components. If available, we use the rate implicit in the lease at the commencement date to discount lease payments. If the implicit rate is not readily determinable, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on information available at the commencement date to determine the present value of future lease payments.

Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For finance leases, the ROU asset is amortized on a straight-line basis over the earlier of the useful life of the underlying asset or the lease term and recorded in depreciation and amortization expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Lease liabilities are adjusted for lease payments made and interest incurred using the effective interest method, with interest expense recorded in “Interest expense” in the consolidated statements of operations.

In the third quarter of 2023, as part of the Ulterra acquisition and the NexTier merger, we acquired certain operating and finance leases. We inherited NexTier’s and Ulterra’s lease classifications as of the time of each respective acquisition. We elected as an accounting policy election by class of underlying assets to not recognize assets or liabilities at the acquisition date for leases that had a remaining lease term of twelve months or less. See Notes 2 and 13 for details.

Revenue recognition — Revenues from our drilling services, completion services, drilling products, and other activities are recognized upon the transfer of control of the related services and products to the customer. See Note 3 for details.

Income taxes — The asset and liability method is used in accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for operating loss and tax credit carryforwards and for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the results of operations in the period that includes the enactment date. If applicable, a valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets unless it is more likely than not that such assets will be realized. Our policy is to account for interest and penalties with respect to income taxes as operating expenses. See Note 14 for details.

Stock-based compensation — We recognize the cost of share-based payments under the fair-value-based method. Under this method, compensation cost related to share-based payments is measured based on the estimated fair value of the awards at the date of grant, net of estimated forfeitures. This expense is recognized over the expected life of the awards, as described in Note 12.

Concentration of Credit Risk — Our assets that are potentially subject to concentrations of credit risk are cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and trade accounts receivable. Cash balances are maintained in financial institutions, which at times exceed federally insured limits. We monitor the financial condition of the financial institutions in which accounts are maintained and we have not experienced any losses in such accounts. We maintain an allowance for credit losses based upon several factors, including historical collection experience, current aging status of the customer accounts and financial condition of our customers. There were no material changes in the allowance for credit losses in 2025 and 2024.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards — In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07 to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements and enhance disclosures about significant segment expenses. We adopted this new accounting pronouncement effective January 1, 2024 and expanded our consolidated financial statement disclosures in order to comply with the update. See Note 17 for details.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09 to improve income tax disclosure. We adopted this accounting pronouncement effective January 1, 2025, on a prospective basis. The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows, but resulted in expanded disclosures within the Income Taxes footnote. See Note 14 for details.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards — In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03 to expand disclosure requirements related to certain income statement expenses, which requires public entities to disclose additional information about specific expense

categories in the notes to the financial statements on an interim and annual basis. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact this pronouncement will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05 to provide entities the option to use a practical expedient to assume balance sheet conditions remain unchanged when developing forecasts for estimating expected credit losses. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact this pronouncement will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06 to improve the accounting for internal-use software cost by increasing the operability of the recognition guidance by removing all references to software development project stages so that the guidance is neutral to different software development methods. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact this pronouncement will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-11 to clarify the applicability of the interim reporting guidance, the types of interim reporting, and the form and content of interim financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Per the FASB, the amendment does not intend to change the fundamental nature of interim reporting or expand or reduce current interim disclosure requirements but rather provide clarity and improve navigability of the existing interim reporting requirements. The update will be effective for interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. We are currently evaluating the impact this pronouncement will have on our consolidated financial statements.