PERSONNEL EXPENSES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Disclosure of amounts incurred by entity for provision of key management personnel services provided by separate management entities [abstract]

PERSONNEL EXPENSES

7. PERSONNEL EXPENSES

	December 31, 2018 US$‘000		December 31, 2017 US$‘000		December 31, 2016 US$‘000
Wages and salaries		26,475		26,316		25,901
Social welfare costs		2,585		2,424		2,542
Pension costs		490		459		552
Share-based payments		1,369		928		1,414
Restructuring costs		-		-		1,276
		30,919		30,127		31,685

Personnel expenses are shown net of capitalisations. Total personnel expenses, inclusive of amounts capitalised for wages and salaries, social welfare costs and pension costs, for the year ended December 31, 2018 amounted to US$38,002,000 (2017: US$37,351,000) (2016: US$40,980,000). Total share based payments, inclusive of amounts capitalised in the balance sheet, amounted to US$1,607,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018 (2017: US$1,109,000) (2016: US$1,633,000). See Note 21 for further details.

There were no restructuring costs incurred for the years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Restructuring costs for the year ended December 31, 2016 were US$1,276,000 and related to Swedish operations.

The average number of persons employed by the Group in the financial year was 575 (2017: 556) (2016: 582) and is analysed into the following categories:

	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017		December 31, 2016
Research and development		59		60		73
Administration and sales		163		162		161
Manufacturing and quality		353		334		348
		575		556		582