PERSONNEL EXPENSES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Disclosure of amounts incurred by entity for provision of key management personnel services provided by separate management entities [abstract]

PERSONNEL EXPENSES

7. PERSONNEL EXPENSES

	December 31, 2017 US$‘000		December 31, 2016 US$‘000		December 31, 2015 US$‘000
Wages and salaries		26,316		25,901		24,531
Social welfare costs		2,424		2,542		2,418
Pension costs		459		552		711
Share-based payments		928		1,414		1,550
Restructuring costs		-		1,276		—
		30,127		31,685		29,210

Personnel expenses are shown net of capitalisations. Total personnel expenses, inclusive of amounts capitalised for wages and salaries, social welfare costs and pension costs, for the year ended December 31, 2017 amounted to US$37,351,000 (2016: US$40,980,000) (2015: US$38,671,000). Total share based payments, inclusive of amounts capitalised in the balance sheet, amounted to US$1,109,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 (2016: US$1,633,000) (2015: US$1,974,000). See Note 20 for further details.

There were no restructuring costs incurred for the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2015. Restructuring costs for the year ended December 31, 2016 were US$1,276,000 and related to Swedish operations.

The average number of persons employed by the Group in the financial year was 556 (2016: 582) (2015: 555) and is analysed into the following categories:

	December 31, 2017		December 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Research and development		60		73		69
Administration and sales		162		161		156
Manufacturing and quality		334		348		330
		556		582		555