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New Accounting Standards
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Accounting Changes And Error Corrections [Abstract]  
New Accounting Standards

3. New Accounting Standards

 

Adopted Accounting Standards

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. This standard makes several modifications to Topic 718, including the accounting for forfeitures, employer tax withholding on share-based compensation and income tax consequences, and clarifies the statement of cash flows presentation for certain components of share-based awards, all of which are intended to simplify various aspects of the accounting for share-based compensation. We adopted this standard as of January 1, 2017, and since then we have recorded the excess benefits realized from stock compensation transactions in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. Additionally, we elected to recognize forfeiture expense as forfeitures occur, rather than estimating forfeitures based on historical data.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory, which removes the prohibition against immediate recognition of current and deferred income tax effects on intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. We elected to early adopt this standard as of January 1, 2017, and recorded a $3.2 million cumulative effect adjustment to the beginning balance of retained earnings on January 1, 2017 which resulted in a net impact of increasing deferred tax assets by $2.6 million and decreasing a deferred tax charge in other assets by $5.8 million related to a prior period intra-entity transfer of intellectual property.

Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

 

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04: Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. This standard requires entities to measure goodwill impairment using the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the reporting unit, instead of performing a hypothetical purchase price allocation. This guidance is effective beginning January 1, 2020, although early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this guidance would only impact the measurement of a future goodwill impairment to the extent applicable.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which supersedes existing lease guidance. Under this ASU, we will be required to record right-of-use assets and corresponding lease liabilities on the balance sheet. This guidance is effective beginning January 1, 2019. The new standard is required to be applied with a modified retrospective approach to each prior reporting period presented. We have not yet determined the impact that the adoption of this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). Under this ASU and subsequently issued amendments, revenues are recognized at the time when goods or services are transferred to a customer in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Companies may use either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach to adopt this ASU. We will adopt this standard using the modified retrospective method effective January 1, 2018. Substantially all of the Company’s engagements are performed either under time-and-expense or fixed-fee contract arrangements. The Company will use the right-to-invoice practical expedient to account for time-and-expense contract arrangements when the Company has a right to consideration from a customer in an amount that corresponds directly with the value of the entity’s performance completed to date, which is consistent with the Company’s current revenue recognition policy.

We believe that the adoption of this standard will primarily impact contracts that contain some form of variable consideration, where the Company will earn revenues if certain predefined outcomes occur in the future and which will be subject to probability assessments as defined by the new standard.

Contracts with success fees – The Company may recognize revenue under certain contract arrangements that contain success fees earlier upon the adoption of this standard than we do under current practice, when the related performance obligations are satisfied over time. The Company will estimate revenue using either the expected value method or the most likely amount method, as appropriate, and in an amount that is probable not to result in a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized.

Fixed-fee contract arrangements – The Company will recognize revenue as individual performance obligations are satisfied, using a measure of progress that is based on the efforts and costs incurred (i.e. an input method measure of progress). This may lead to a difference from current practice when applying the definition of a performance obligation under the new standard.

Other contract attributes – We believe this standard could affect the timing of revenue recognition for contracts that provide volume-based discounts, time-and-expense contract arrangements that have a cap on total fees, and contract arrangement fees that are subject to third-party approval, among others.

We continue to evaluate the potential impacts of the new guidance on the measurement and presentation of our revenues, as well as required enhancements to disclosures.  The Company is underway in its implementation plan which includes information system and process changes to identify and assess contracts which are impacted by the new revenue recognition criteria and accumulate data to satisfy new disclosure requirements. We are unable to provide an assessment of the financial impact which will be recognized upon adoption as our assessment is dependent on an analysis of individual contracts which exist at the date of adoption.