Revenues

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

We generate the majority of our revenues by providing consulting services to our clients. Most of our consulting service contracts are based on one of the following types of arrangements:


•	Time and expense arrangements require the client to pay us based on the number of hours worked at contractually agreed-upon rates. We recognize revenues for these arrangements based on hours incurred and contracted rates utilizing a right-to-invoice practical expedient because we have a right to consideration for services completed to date.


•	Fixed-fee arrangements require the client to pay a pre-established fee in exchange for a predetermined set of professional services. We recognize revenues for these arrangements based on the proportional performance related to individual performance obligations within each arrangement; however, these arrangements generally have one performance obligation.


•	Performance-based or contingent arrangements represent forms of variable consideration. In these arrangements, our fees are based on the attainment of contractually defined objectives with our client, such as completing a business transaction or assisting the client in achieving a specific business objective. We recognize revenues earned to date by applying the proportional performance method.

Revenues are recognized when we satisfy a performance obligation by transferring services promised in a contract to a customer and in an amount that reflects the consideration that we expect to receive in exchange for those services. Performance obligations in our contracts represent distinct or separate services that we provide to our customers.

Revenues recognized during the current period may include revenues from performance obligations satisfied or partially satisfied in previous periods. This primarily occurs when the estimated transaction price has changed based on our current probability assessment over whether the agreed-upon outcome for our performance-based and contingent arrangements will be achieved. The aggregate amount of revenues recognized related to a change in the transaction price in the current period, which related to performance obligations satisfied or partially satisfied in a prior period, was $28.9 million and $16.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Unfulfilled performance obligations represent the remaining contract transaction prices allocated to the performance obligations that are unsatisfied. Unfulfilled performance obligations primarily consist of fees not yet recognized on a proportional performance basis for fixed-fee arrangements and performance-based and contingent arrangements. As of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the aggregate amount of the remaining contract transaction price allocated to unfulfilled performance obligations was $2.3 million and $8.8 million, respectively, and we expect to recognize the majority of the related revenues over the next 24 months. We elected to utilize the optional exemption to exclude from this disclosure fixed-fee and performance-based and contingent arrangements with an original expected duration of one year or less and to exclude our time and expense arrangements for which revenues are recognized using the right-to-invoice practical expedient.

Contract assets are defined as assets for which we have recorded revenue but are not yet entitled to receive our fees because certain events, such as completion of the measurement period or client approval, must occur. The contract asset balance was $1.3 million and $2.4 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Contract liabilities are defined as liabilities incurred when we have received consideration but have not yet performed the agreed-upon services. This may occur when clients pay us upfront fees before we begin work for them. The contract liability balance was immaterial as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.