UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark one)
| ☒ | Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017
OR
| ☐ | Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
Commission File Number 000-26372
ADAMIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | 82-0429727 | |
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |
| 11682 El Camino Real, Suite 300, San Diego, CA 92130 | ||
| (Address of Principal Executive Offices) (zip code) | ||
| Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (858) 997-2400 | ||
| Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: | ||
| None | None | |
| (Title of each class) | (Name of each exchange on which registered) |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value
(Title of class)
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
YES ☐ NO ☒
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
YES ☐ NO ☒
Note - Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act from their obligations under those sections.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
YES ☒ NO ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
YES ☒ NO ☐
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of the chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer", "accelerated filer” and "small reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☒ | Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☒ |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).
YES ☐ NO ☒
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant as of June 30, 2017, was $127,898,893.
At March 15, 2018, the Company had 33,389,410 shares outstanding.
Documents Incorporated by Reference: Portions of the registrant’s proxy statement for its 2018 annual meeting of stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Except as expressly incorporated by reference, the registrant’s definitive proxy statement shall not be deemed to be part of this report.
ADAMIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Explanatory Note
The registrant met the “accelerated filer” requirements as of the end of its 2017 fiscal year pursuant to Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. However, pursuant to Rule 12b-2, SEC Release No. 33-8876 and applicable SEC guidance, the registrant (as a smaller reporting company transitioning to the accelerated filer larger reporting company system based on its public float as of June 30, 2017) is not required to satisfy the larger reporting company requirements until its first quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the 2018 fiscal year and thus is eligible to check the “smaller reporting company” box on the cover of this Form 10-K.
Information Relating to Forward-Looking Statements
This Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Report”) includes forward-looking statements. Such statements are not historical facts, but are based on our current expectations, estimates and beliefs about our business and industry. Such forward-looking statements may include, without limitation, statements about our strategies, objectives and our future achievements; our expectations for growth; estimates of future revenue; our sources and uses of cash; our liquidity needs; our current or planned clinical trials or research and development activities; anticipated completion dates for clinical trials; product development timelines; anticipated dates for commercial introduction of products; our future products; regulatory matters; our expectations concerning the timing of regulatory approvals; anticipated dates for meetings with regulatory authorities and submissions to obtain required regulatory marketing approvals; expense, profit, cash flow, or balance sheet items or any other guidance regarding future periods; and other statements concerning our future operations and activities. Such forward-looking statements include those that express plans, anticipation, intent, contingencies, goals, targets or future development and/or otherwise are not statements of historical fact. These forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and projections about future events, and they are subject to risks and uncertainties, known and unknown, that could cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied in such statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology, such as “believe,” “will,” “expect,” “may,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “should,” and “would,” or the negative of such terms or other similar expressions. Any forward-looking statements are qualified in their entirety by reference to the factors discussed throughout this Report. These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and concern matters that could subsequently differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. Actual events or results may differ materially from those discussed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition, many forward-looking statements concerning our anticipated future business activities assume that we are able to obtain sufficient funding in the near term and thereafter to support such activities and continue our operations and planned activities. As discussed elsewhere in this Report, we will require additional funding to continue operations, and there are no assurances that such funding will be available. Failure to timely obtain required funding would adversely affect and could delay or prevent our ability to realize the results contemplated by such forward looking statements. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict which factors will arise. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Because factors referred to elsewhere in this Report, including without limitation the “Risk Factors” section on this Report, could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by us, you should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. Further, any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and except as may be required by applicable law, we undertake no obligation to release publicly the results of any revisions to these forward-looking statements or to reflect events or circumstances arising after the date of this Report. Important risks and factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in these forward-looking statements are disclosed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including, without limitation, under the headings “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” “Item 1. Business” and “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” as well as in our subsequent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, press releases and other communications.
The Adamis Pharmaceuticals logo and other trademarks or service marks of Adamis Pharmaceuticals Corporation appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are the property of Adamis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. All other brand names or trademarks appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are the property of their respective owners. Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “we,” “our,” and “the Company” refer to Adamis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries.
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PART I
| ITEM 1. | BUSINESS |
Company Overview
Adamis Pharmaceuticals Corporation (“we,” “us,” “our,” “Adamis” or the “company”) is a specialty biopharmaceutical company focused on developing and commercializing products in the therapeutic areas of respiratory disease and allergy. Our products and product candidates in the allergy and respiratory markets include Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.3mg which was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, in 2017 for use in the emergency treatment of acute allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis; Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.15mg which is intended for use in the treatment of anaphylaxis for patients weighing 33-65 pounds for which the company submitted a supplemental new drug application, or sNDA, to the FDA in November 2017; a naloxone injection product candidate (APC-6000) based on the approved Symject™ injection device and intended for the treatment of opioid overdose for which the company submitted an investigational new drug application, or IND, in December 2017; and a beclomethasone metered dose inhaler product candidate (APC-1000) intended for the treatment of asthma and for which the company submitted an IND in January 2018; and fluticasone (APC-4000) dry powder inhaler, or DPI, product candidate for the treatment of asthma. Our goal is to create low cost therapeutic alternatives to existing treatments. Consistent across all specialty pharmaceuticals product lines, we intend to submit a New Drug Applications, or NDA, under Section 505(b)(2), or Section 505(j) Abbreviated New Drug Applications, or ANDA, to the FDA, whenever possible, in order to potentially reduce the time to market and to save on costs, compared to those associated with Section 505(b)(1) NDAs for new drug products.
Our U.S. Compounding, Inc., subsidiary, or USC, which we acquired in April 2016 and which is registered as a drug compounding outsourcing facility under Section 503B of the U.S. Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act, as amended, or FDCA, and the U.S. Drug Quality and Security Act, or DQSA, provides prescription compounded medications, including compounded sterile preparations and nonsterile compounds, to patients, physician clinics, hospitals, surgery centers and other clients throughout most of the United States. USC’s product offerings broadly include, among others, corticosteroids, hormone replacement therapies, hospital outsourcing products, injectables, urological preparations, ophthalmic preparations, topical compounds for pain and men’s and women’s health products. USC’s compounded formulations in many circumstances are offered as alternatives to drugs approved by the FDA. USC also provides certain veterinary pharmaceutical products for animals.
To achieve our goals and support our overall strategy, we will need to raise a substantial amount of funding and make significant investments in, among other things, new product development and working capital.
The current status of our development programs is as follows:
Product Portfolio
| Specialty Pharmaceutical Products | Target Indication | Status | ||
| Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.3mg | Anaphylaxis | FDA Approved, June 2017 | ||
| Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.15mg | Anaphylaxis | Submitted sNDA, November 2017 | ||
| Naloxone Injection (APC-6000) | Opioid Overdose | Submitted IND, December 2017 | ||
| Metered Dose Inhaler Products | ||||
| Beclomethasone (APC-1000) | Asthma | Submitted IND, January 2018 | ||
| Dry Powder Inhaler Product | ||||
| Fluticasone (APC-4000) | Asthma | Phase 3 ready (1)(2) |
| (1) | Represents the next anticipated development or regulatory stage for the product candidate that we may pursue following completion of product development, assuming that we have the financial resources to pursue any of these opportunities. There are no assurances that we will pursue these opportunities, for financial or other reasons. |
| (2) | Following completion of product development, one or more Phase 3 trials, without previous Phase 1 or Phase 2 trials, is the anticipated next product development stage. We intend to conduct additional trials, such as pharmacokinetic, or PK, and/or dose escalation studies in connection with the Phase 3 trials. |
Anaphylaxis; Epinephrine Pre-Filled Syringe
On June 15, 2017, the FDA approved the Company’s Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.3mg product for the emergency treatment of allergic reactions (Type I) including anaphylaxis. Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.3mg is intended to deliver a dose of epinephrine, which is used for emergency, immediate administration in acute anaphylactic reactions to insect stings or bites, allergic reaction to certain foods, drugs and other allergens, as well as idiopathic or exercise-induced anaphylaxis.
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On November 27, 2017, we submitted an sNDA to the FDA for a lower dose version (0.15mg). SYMJEPI™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.3mg is designed for patients weighing 66 pounds or greater. The lower dose Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.15mg product candidate is intended for patients weighing 33 to 66 pounds. On February 9, 2018, we received correspondence from the FDA indicating that the agency had determined that the sNDA was sufficiently complete to permit a substantive review. The agency indicated that no potential review issues were identified as of the date of the correspondence and that if no major deficiencies were identified in the agency’s continued review, the agency was targeting September 3, 2018, to communicate proposed labeling and, if necessary, any post-marketing requirement or commitment requests. There can be no assurances regarding the timing of outcome of the FDA’s review of our sNDA.
In connection with our process of exploring commercialization options for Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.3mg in the U.S. market after the FDA approval, we retained an investment bank to assist us. We determined to engage in a process with the goal of maximizing the value of the asset. The process has been ongoing and as of the date of this Report, we are in discussions with potential partners regarding commercialization of the product. However, the timing of a commercial launch will depend on a number of factors, including without limitation whether we enter into an agreement with a commercialization partner and, if we enter into such an agreement, the terms of any such agreement and the plans of the commercialization partner. If we do not enter into an agreement with a commercialization partner, then we anticipate that we would seek to commercialize the product ourselves. As a result, there are no assurances regarding whether we will enter into an agreement with a commercialization partner, when we may enter into any such agreement, or the date of a commercial launch of Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.3mg.
The American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology, or AAAAI, defines anaphylaxis as a serious life-threatening allergic reaction. The most common anaphylactic reactions are to foods, insect stings, medications and latex. According to information published by AAAAI reporting on findings from a 2009-2010 study, up to 8% of U.S. children under the age of 18 had a food allergy, and approximately 38% of those with a food allergy had a history of severe reactions. Anaphylaxis requires immediate medical treatment, including an injection of epinephrine.
We estimate that sales of prescription epinephrine products in 2017 were more than $1.7 billion, based on assumptions and estimates utilizing industry data. We cannot provide any assurances concerning any possible future rates of annual growth or whether annual prescription sales will decline or grow. As discussed elsewhere in this Report, including under the headings “Business – Competition” and “Risk Factors -- If our potential products are unable to compete effectively with current and future products targeting similar markets as our potential products, our commercial opportunities will be reduced or eliminated,” the market for prescription epinephrine products is increasingly competitive, and a number of factors have resulted in, and could continue to result in, downward pressure on the pricing of, and revenues from sales of, prescription epinephrine products such as our Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.3mg product.
We believe that there is an opportunity for a simple, lower-cost alternative to compete in this market. Our Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.3mg product will allow users to administer a pre-measured epinephrine dose quickly with a device that we believe, based on human factors studies, to be intuitive to use. If the person using the auto-injector is not familiar with the function of the device and if not administered properly, there is a risk that it could misfire or be misused.
We believe that the Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.3mg product, if introduced, may acquire a share of the market based, among other factors, on size, ease of use and the expected price differential to the current market-leading product. If our product is commercially introduced, competitors may reduce or otherwise modify the pricing of their existing products. In addition, an authorized generic version of the market-leading auto-injector product was introduced at a significantly lower price than the market-leading product, other competing products have been introduced or prices on existing competing products have been reduced, and if additional competing products are introduced in the future, including generic or bioequivalent, or A/B rated, versions of one or more existing spring-loaded auto-injector devices, at lower prices than the current market leading products, the competitive success of our product could be adversely affected.
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Opioid Overdose
Naloxone Injection (APC-6000).
As previously announced, in December 2017 we submitted an IND to the FDA to begin testing of the drug compound naloxone in human patients. We intend to develop a naloxone injection product candidate utilizing the same Symject™ device approved for our epinephrine product.
Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used to treat narcotic overdoses. Naloxone, which is generally considered the drug of choice for immediate administration for opioid overdose, blocks or reverses the effects of the opioid, including extreme drowsiness, slowed breathing, or loss of consciousness. Common opioids include morphine, heroin, tramadol, oxycodone, hydrocodone and fentanyl.
According to statistics published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in 2016, drug overdoses resulted in approximately 64,000 deaths in the United States – greater than 175 deaths per day. Drug overdoses are now the leading cause of death for Americans under 50 and the proliferation of more powerful synthetic opioids, like fentanyl and its analogues, could result in future increases in the number of deaths resulting from opioid overdoses.
We are considering the appropriate development, trial and regulatory pathway for our naloxone injection product candidate. Assuming funding that will be required to commence the studies and no unexpected regulatory issues or delays, we anticipate that our studies could commence and be completed during 2018. However, the timing of commencement and completion of such studies could be affected by a number of factors, including without limitation the availability of adequate funding, unexpected regulatory issues or delays, the time period required to enroll patients in the study, the results of the studies, and the time required to complete and analyze the results of the studies. As a result, there are no assurances concerning the timing of commencement or completion of such trials. The development of an intramuscular injection of naloxone for the treatment of opioid overdose will require commercial scale manufacturing subject to review and approval by FDA.
Asthma and Bronchospasm
According to the National Institute of Health, or NIH, asthma is a chronic lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways. Asthma causes recurring periods of wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing. Asthma affects people of all ages, but it most often starts during childhood. According to information published by Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) reporting on findings from 2015, the number of people in the U.S. with asthma is approximately 24.6 million and growing. We estimate that global sales of asthma and bronchospasm prescription products were in excess of approximately $9.7 billion in 2017, based on industry data.
Asthma; APC-1000 Metered Dose Inhaler.
Our APC-1000 product candidate is a steroid hydrofluoroalkane, or HFA, metered dose inhaler product, intended for the treatment of asthma. Our product candidate, if developed and approved for marketing, will target a small niche within the larger market for respiratory products. We estimate that the annual global sales of prescription steroid HFA and similar products are approximately $3.0 billion, of which we intend to target a smaller niche.
In February 2015, we announced the result of our pharmacokinetic study, or PK study, comparing our beclomethasone dipropionate HFA, 80 mcg Inhalation Aerosol, product, APC-1000, with Teva Respiratory, LLC’s Qvar® (Beclomethasone Dipropionate HFA, 80 mcg Inhalation Aerosol) product. The study was a Phase I open label, randomized, single-dose, four-way crossover PK study comparing APC-1000 to Qvar. Twenty-two healthy male and female subjects who met the study inclusion criteria were enrolled. The study involved a screening period before randomization and four treatment periods each separated by a minimum of three days. Both inhalation aerosols were administered to each subject for a total dose of 320 mcg BDP (4 inhalations). Twenty-one subjects completed the study. One subject was withdrawn due to non-compliance. The purpose of this PK study was to compare the bioavailability of APC-1000 to Qvar. Following discussions with the FDA and additional consideration of the development pathway for the product, we decided to conduct additional development work for APC-1000. In January 2018, we submitted an IND application to the FDA to begin Phase 3 efficacy studies for APC-1000, and we have received approval from the agency to proceed with the Phase 3 studies. Assuming the availability of sufficient funding that will be required to commence a trial and no unexpected regulatory issues or delays, we anticipate that the trial would commence in 2018. The timing of commencement and completion of such studies could be affected by a number of factors, including without limitation obtaining adequate funding, the absence of unexpected regulatory issues or delays, the time period required to enroll a sufficient number of patients in the study, and the time required to complete and analyze the results of the studies. As discussed elsewhere in this Report, product development time is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, which can delay the actual development time beyond our estimates.
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Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI) Device Platform.
In December 2013, we acquired assets relating to 3M’s patented Taper dry powder inhaler (DPI) technology under development by 3M for the treatment of asthma and bronchospasm. The Taper DPI technology was designed to efficiently deliver dry powder by utilizing a 3M proprietary microstructured carrier tape. We are utilizing the Taper DPI assets to develop the DPI device. We believe that, if successfully developed, the device can be utilized to deliver a variety of different drug compounds. We believe that the DPI can be used as a platform delivery device for additional products that will compete in the respiratory markets, which may include combination products. Our agreement with 3M contemplates that the microstructured carrier tape will be supplied by 3M under a separate commercial supply agreement to be negotiated with 3M.
We believe that one advantage of the technology is that it can deliver drug particles without the need for lactose or formulation excipients. The majority of current dry powder products use lactose carrier excipients to enhance flowability; however, they have the disadvantage of increased bulk and require a mechanism for detaching the drug from the surface of the lactose. Lactose carrier formulations require a complicated blending process and delivery that is highly sensitive to excipient powder properties. To our knowledge, there are currently no excipient-free dry powder inhalers in the U.S. market. We are continuing product development efforts concerning this platform delivery device and product candidates utilizing the device.
Asthma; Fluticasone. Due to a shorter expected development timeline, as well as competitive changes in the marketplace, we have prioritized a single compounded product (APC-4000) over a combination product (APC-5000) that we were previously developing for the treatment of asthma. As a result, our first product candidate utilizing the DPI technology platform, APC-4000, will deliver a single drug, Fluticasone Propionate (fluticasone) as a dry powder formulation for the treatment of asthma. The fluticasone product is designed to deliver the same active ingredient as GlaxoSmithKline’s Flovent® Diskus® for the treatment of asthma. Fluticasone belongs to the family of medicines known as corticosteroids or steroids. It works by preventing certain cells in the lungs and breathing passages from releasing substances that cause asthma symptoms. We estimate that Flovent® Diskus®, marketed by GlaxoSmithKline, generated more than $436 million in U.S. sales and $805 million in global sales in 2017, based on GSK’s publicly announced results. Assuming sufficient funding and successful development, we anticipate that we may conduct a proof of concept study with the DPI for APC-4000 during 2018.
Bronchospasm; Albuterol.
Although significant product development work has been completed, for competitive, product pipeline priority and marketplace considerations, we have determined to reduce expenditures relating to our albuterol (APC-2000) inhaler product candidate and instead direct resources to development of other product candidates that we believe may have lower product development costs and that target significant U.S. markets. Albuterol is a bronchodilator used for the treatment or prevention of bronchospasm. Bronchodilators are medicines that are breathed in through the mouth to open up the bronchial tubes (air passages) in the lungs. Bronchodilators relieve cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, and troubled breathing by increasing the flow of air through the bronchial tubes.
We currently have no in-house manufacturing capabilities, and as a result we intend to rely on third-party contract manufacturers to manufacture the materials needed to produce DPI and HFA products.
Our development plans concerning our allergy and respiratory products, including APC-1000, APC-2000 and APC-4000, are affected by developments in the marketplace, including the introduction of potentially competing new products by our competitors. As a result, our product development plans could be affected by such considerations. The anticipated dates for development and introduction of products in our allergy and respiratory product pipeline will depend on a number of factors, including the availability of adequate funding to support product development efforts. We believe that should we decide to pursue such applications, we would be required to submit data for an application for approval to market APC-1000, APC-2000 and APC-4000 pursuant to Section 505(b)(2), although there are no assurances that this will be the case.
Factors that could affect the actual launch date for our allergy and respiratory product candidates, as well as our other product candidates, include general market conditions, the outcome of discussions with the FDA concerning the number and kind of clinical trials that the FDA will require before the FDA will consider regulatory approval of the applicable product, the outcome of discussions with the FDA concerning the regulatory approval pathway of the applicable product, any unexpected difficulties in licensing or sublicensing intellectual property rights that may be required for other components of the product patent infringement lawsuits relating to Paragraph IV certifications as part of any Section 505(b)(2) or ANDA filings, see “Government Regulation—Regulation in the United States—Section 505(b)(2) New Drug Applications,” any unexpected difficulties in the ability of our suppliers to timely supply quantities for commercial launch of the product, any unexpected delays or difficulties in assembling and deploying an adequate sales force to market the product, and receipt of adequate funding to support product development and sales and marketing efforts.
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Prescription Compounded Medications
Overview. Our USC subsidiary, which is registered as a drug compounding outsourcing facility under Section 503B of the FDCA and the DQSA, provides prescription compounded medications, including compounded sterile preparations or CSPs, and non-sterile compounds to patients, physician clinics, hospitals, surgery centers and other clients throughout most of the United States. USC’s product offerings broadly include, among others, corticosteroids, hormone replacement therapies, hospital outsourcing products, injectables, urological preparations, ophthalmic preparations, topical compounds for pain and men’s and women’s health products. USC’s compounded formulations in many circumstances are offered as therapeutic alternatives to drugs approved by the FDA. USC also provides certain veterinary pharmaceutical products for animals.
USC sources raw materials and commercial products only from suppliers registered with the FDA. Utilizing these raw material components, USC prepares and provides a broad range of customized stock keeping units to meet the individual requirements of customers located throughout most of the United States.
The pharmacy sterile compounding industry arose in part because hospitals and other healthcare providers administering drugs require concentrations, dosage forms and delivery systems that are not readily commercially available from drug manufacturers in a ready-to-use, or RTU, form. Historically, safety and quality standards for compounded medications were not well defined or implemented, leading to demand for safer compounding practices, and the level of state regulation varied significantly. The 2012 nationwide fungal meningitis outbreak caused by a compounding pharmacy led to increased regulatory oversight of the industry which, among other things, led to the passage of the DQSA and its creation of Section 503B outsourcing facilities as a new, more highly FDA-regulated category of interstate outsourced CSP providers. Registration as a Section 503B outsourcing facility is currently voluntary. USC was incorporated in Arkansas in 2004, and registered with the FDA as a Section 503B outsourcing facility in December 2013.
USC’s business is focused on marketing a portfolio of compounded preparations for humans and animals, including sterile injectable and non-sterile integrative therapies, in therapeutic areas such as autoimmunity, chronic infectious diseases, and endocrine and metabolic diseases. Many of these formulations are offered in different formats than other available alternatives, such as in suspension or lyophilized. Many hospitals and surgery centers look to outsourcing facilities to obtain medications in ready-to-use, or RTU, format, with the specific packaging, volume, and strength often unique to individual facilities. Many facilities and practitioners also look to outsourcing facilities when medications are on temporary backorder from the manufacturer or are discontinued. USC’s veterinary products include, without limitation, a formulation that we believe is novel, of an equine ulcer product that addresses what we believe is a significant market.
Compounding pharmacies and outsourcing facilities combine different ingredients, some of which may be FDA-approved drugs, to create specialized preparations prescribed by a physician. Examples of compounded formulations include medications with alternative dosage strengths or unique dosage forms, such as topical creams or gels, suspensions, or solutions with more tolerable drug delivery vehicles. A physician may also work together with a pharmacist to repurpose or reformulate FDA-approved drugs via the compounding process to meet a patient’s specific medical needs. These compounds are distributed to hospitals, surgery centers, and practitioners. Examples of compounded medications prepared by outsourcing facilities include sterile syringes used by hospital and surgery center operating rooms, sterile injectables administered by the practitioner in the office, and unit-dosed sterile and non-sterile medications. USC’s outsourcing facility receives its active pharmaceutical ingredients from three main suppliers, which accounted for the majority of USC’s drug and chemical purchases in 2017.
In recent years, there have been increases in the cost of certain injectable drugs and related products as a result of (i) enhanced oversight by the FDA and other regulatory bodies of manufacturers of injectable products, and the added costs associated therewith, (ii) decreased competition when drug manufacturers voluntarily cease producing certain drugs or face temporary regulatory suspension or permanent regulatory shut down of their operations, and (iii) consolidation among drug manufacturers. These factors have led some manufacturers to raise prices of some products and have also contributed to market shortages of injectable products, containers and diluents. These shortages and the potential inability to secure an adequate supply of necessary drug formulations can have a significant impact on the day-to-day business and operations of USC and its customers.
Since we acquired USC in April 2016, we have taken several measures intended to support the growth of the business including hiring additional personnel, expanding sales channels, and strengthening our production processes. During 2018, we are taking actions to separate a portion of our business activities relating to 503A and 503B operations, including making expenditures to lease and open a separate new facility.
Research and Development. USC has, and after our acquisition of USC we have, invested capital in efforts to comply with new and anticipated FDA regulations applicable to its business and outsourcing facilities, to expand product offerings, enhance production capabilities, improve warehouse space, develop new packaging, labeling and processing solutions, refine quality and safety measures, and develop technology for the intake and management of customer orders. Historically, research and development costs have consisted primarily of costs associated with the research and development of new CSPs, such as salaries and other personnel-related expenses for employees involved with research and development activities, pre-launch sterility and stability testing and other related expenses. Regulatory guidance provided by the FDA, and additional regulatory guidance is expected to increase the validation and development costs for current and new products.
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Regulatory Matters. Compounding outsourcing facilities have historically been subject to FDA inspections on an irregular basis and are now subject to FDA inspections on a risk-based schedule in accordance with DQSA Section 503B(b)(4). Observations by the FDA of potentially violative conditions during inspections are required to be reported to facility management at the close of the inspection on FDA Form 483. It is common for such reports to be provided in connection with inspections of compounding outsourcing facilities, and observations may be further followed by Warning Letters and other enforcement actions as the FDA deems warranted. In March 2014 and August 2015, USC received Form 483 observations following FDA inspections of its outsourcing facility, noting inspectional observations of a number of observed deficiencies relating to USC’s facility and practices.
Following the August 2015 Form 483 observations, USC suspended production of sterile products and voluntarily recalled all lots of sterile products aseptically compounded and packaged by USC that remained within expiry, due to the FDA’s concern over a lack of sterility assurance. This was a voluntary recall and voluntary suspension of sterile production, and USC determined there was no evidence that any compounded sterile products were defective. The recall did not pertain to any non-sterile compounded products prepared by USC. USC responded to the August 2015 Form 483 observations and took a number of corrective actions, including reviewing and enhancing quality control and production systems. The FDA stated in a December 2015 communication that at that time it did not object to USC’s resumption of production and distribution of sterile drug products. In March 2016, USC received another letter from the FDA indicating that the voluntary action was a class II recall. Class II means that the probability of serious adverse health consequences is remote. USC resumed production and sale of compounded sterile products in March - April 2016. In July 2016, USC received Form 483 observations following FDA inspections of its outsourcing facility, noting inspectional observations of a number of observed deficiencies relating to USC’s facility and practices. USC responded in writing to the inspectional observations, and provided additional responses to FDA in April 2017. In October 2017, USC received a Warning Letter referencing the August 2015 and July 2016 Form 483 inspectional observations. USC provided a written response to the FDA that addressed completed corrective actions intended to be responsive to the inspectional observations, including relating to differential pressures, facility design, product specifications, environmental monitoring, and suspension quality.
Following the suspension in 2015 of sterile production and the voluntary recall, state pharmacy regulatory agencies in certain states also initiated inquiries or took other actions regarding sales of USC products in such states, and some of those proceedings are ongoing. Resolution of these proceedings, or any future proceedings by the FDA or state regulatory agencies alleging violation of applicable federal or state laws or regulations, could require significant time and financial resources, and an adverse outcome in one or more of these proceedings could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
The suspension of sterile production, product recall, remediation efforts, and resumption of sterile production adversely affected USC’s relationships with certain of its customers, who following the suspension of sterile compounding were required to purchase needed products from other pharmacies or outsourcing facilities, and with certain of USC’s independent contractors and sales representatives who previously assisted in distributing USC’s products, had a material adverse effect on USC’s revenues, income, and financial condition for the 2015 and 2016 years, and may also adversely affect revenues and income from sale of products by USC in future periods.
We cannot predict when or if we will receive additional Form 483 observations or other communications from the FDA or state regulatory authorities regarding USC’s compounding outsourcing facility or CSPs. We could be subject to additional regulatory action by the FDA and civil or criminal enforcement action by the Department of Justice under the FDCA, Federal False Claims Act, or other applicable statutes, as well as related private actions, as a result of previous, current or future FDA observations. USC’s suppliers and customers may negatively consider the Form 483 observations issued to us when deciding to award contracts or continue or renew agreements. Other state and federal regulators and agencies may also consider the Form 483 observations when conducting their own inspections, enforcement actions or approvals, including license renewals. Any such actions could significantly disrupt USC’s business and harm its and our reputation, resulting in a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
In January 2018, FDA published a statement outlining its compounding priorities for 2018. Included in this statement were references to forthcoming regulations on compounding from bulk drug substances, determination of clinical need, and a revised memorandum of understanding between FDA and State Boards of Pharmacy setting forth limits on interstate compounding under Section 503A of the FDCA. Although as of the date of this Report we do not believe that the forthcoming regulations will have a material adverse effect on the business and results of operations of USC, regulations regarding these three topics, which are of general application to compounding pharmacies, or other FDA regulations and guidance, potentially could limit the number and type of products USC is permitted to compound as well as interstate shipping of compounded medications, and could adversely affect sales of our compounded medications.
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Other Technologies
Cancer and Vaccine Technologies; Termination of License Agreements
As we have disclosed in our previous filings, we previously entered into a number of license agreements pursuant to which we acquired license rights regarding patent rights relating to a number of potential therapeutic vaccine and cancer product candidate technologies. In April 2010, we acquired rights as licensee under three exclusive license agreements, referred to as the WARF Agreements, with the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, or WARF, regarding certain prostate cancer technologies and product candidates, named APC-100, APC-200 and APC-300. In April 2011, we entered into an exclusive license agreement, the UC/DF Agreement, with The Regents of the University of California, or UCSD, and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc., or DFCI, pursuant to which we licensed certain patent rights relating to a telomerase-based cancer vaccine technology. We have also disclosed in our previous filings that we are currently primarily focused on our specialty pharmaceutical products and compounding pharmacy formulations and do not intend to devote significant financial resources for research and development of cancer and biotechnology product candidates and technologies.
On November 10, 2016, we delivered a notice of termination to UCSD and DFCI of the UC/DF Agreement. Under the terms of the agreement, the notice of termination is effective 90 days after delivery. Also on November 10, 2016, we delivered a notice of termination to WARF of the WARF Agreements, with such termination to be effective 90 days after delivery of the notice. These agreements permit either party to terminate the agreements upon prior notice to the other party, without termination fees or penalties. As a result of termination of these agreements, we believe that we will not be responsible after the effective date of termination for minimum annual payments under the agreements or for payment of patent-related fees and costs relating to the licensed patents and technologies.
C31G
We also have a microbicide product candidate, named C31G. On December 7, 2010, we announced the successful completion of a Phase 3 contraceptive trial of C31G. The study met its primary endpoint and was conducted by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, in the Contraceptive Clinical Trials Network at 14 sites in the United States. The clinical investigators found that C31G was not inferior in contraceptive efficacy to the comparator drug Conceptrol. Moreover, the gel was well-tolerated and had a high degree of acceptability in women who completed the study. No drug-related serious adverse events were observed with C31G. C31G does not contain N-9 and, if commercialized, could offer an alternative for women who seek a non-hormonal method of contraception. In addition, on September 9, 2013, we announced that a recently published study conducted by university researchers at Louisiana State University Health Science Center found that C31G was effective in treating Herpes Simplex Virus, or HSV, in an eye infection, ocular keratitis, and animal model using live rabbits. The rabbit eye model utilized for the study mimics the disease in humans. In the same study the researchers also reported that ocular administration of C31G was safe and well tolerated, confirming earlier clinical studies that established C31G safety and tolerability in other applications. HSV-1 is the same virus that causes cold sores and is common in humans. In the eye, it usually causes an infection of the cornea, and that infection is the most common cause of cornea-derived blindness. In previous animal studies, C31G was also active against HSV-2, the cause of genital herpes.
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Before considering any actions to further develop or seek regulatory approval for a C31G product, further meetings with the FDA would likely be required to discuss the regulatory pathways for submitting an NDA for marketing approval, including the additional trials that may be required before an NDA is submitted. In considering commercialization alternatives, we would likely seek to enter into an out-licensing or similar transaction with organizations that have a focus or business unit in the area of antimicrobials or contraception, or in other fields where C31G may have potential as a product candidate. The C31G product candidate is held by our Biosyn, Inc. subsidiary, which we acquired in 2004. Provisions in the agreement pursuant to which we acquired Biosyn, and/or in certain of the funding agreements and other agreements relating to the C31G product, provide for payments to the former Biosyn shareholders upon marketing approval by the FDA (or, in certain circumstances, certain foreign regulatory authorities) of C31G for one or more indications, for payments to certain other third parties in the event of sales or other revenues relating to C31G or certain other events, and include limitations on certain activities of Biosyn including payment of dividends. In addition, sale or out-licensing of the C31G product candidate may require the consent of one or more such third parties. As a result, commercialization of the product could require, among other things, renegotiation of the provisions relating to the former Biosyn shareholders and such third parties. Accordingly, there can be no assurances that we will pursue or be able to successfully conclude a transaction involving C31G or concerning the amounts that we might receive from any such transaction, or that any C31G product will be submitted for regulatory approval or will be approved or marketed.
For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we estimate that we spent approximately $7.5 million and $9.7 million, respectively, on all research and development activities.
Clinical Supplies and Manufacturing
Except for our facilities at USC that are utilized to prepare compounded formulations, we have no in-house manufacturing or distribution capabilities and have no current plans to establish manufacturing facilities for significant clinical or commercial production. We rely on third-party contract manufacturers to make the material used to support the development of our product candidates. Our third-party manufacturers are subject to extensive governmental regulation. The FDA mandates that drugs be manufactured, packaged and labeled in conformity with current good manufacturing practices, or cGMP, regulations. In complying with cGMP regulations, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in production, record keeping and quality control to ensure that their services and products meet applicable specifications and other requirements. We intend to continue to outsource the manufacture and distribution of our products for the foreseeable future, and we believe this manufacturing strategy will enable us to direct our financial resources to commercialization without devoting the resources and capital required to build cGMP compliant manufacturing facilities. Our Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.3mg product will be manufactured by Catalent Pharma Solutions, a third party manufacturer, utilizing materials to complete the manufacturing process obtained from various companies and suppliers, and assembly and final packaging of the product will also be implemented by a third party entity, Phillips-Medisize LLC. Although there are potential sources of supply other than our existing suppliers, any new supplier would be required to qualify under applicable regulatory requirements.
Sales and Marketing
We sell compounded pharmacy formulations through USC’s sales and marketing employees and arrangements with third parties for sales and marketing support. Sales and marketing activities consist primarily of efforts to educate doctors, ambulatory surgery centers, healthcare systems, hospitals, veterinarians, and other users throughout the U.S. about USC’s products and services. USC’s sales and marketing team is focused on customer retention as well as generating sales from new and existing customers. We anticipate that the commercial introduction of our Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.3mg product will require additional development of our sales and marketing infrastructure, including retaining employees and entering into arrangements with third parties for additional sales and marketing support.
Customers and Distribution
Except with respect to sales of compounded pharmacy formulations by USC, as of the date of this Report, we do not currently sell or distribute pharmaceutical products and since our fiscal 2010 year have not generated commercial revenues from marketing or selling any drugs or other products. If our Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.3mg product is commercialized without a partner, we anticipate that marketing and distribution of the product could commence to initial customers including wholesalers, who in turn seek to distribute the products to retail pharmacies or other customers, specialty wholesalers or distributors, professional users such as hospitals and first responders, and the military and prison systems, as well as other potential customers. We have retained third-party service providers to perform a variety of functions related to the distribution of our approved products, including logistics management and other distribution management and data reporting services in exchange for a fee.
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Competition
The biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries are extremely competitive. Our potential competitors in the field are many in number and include major pharmaceutical and specialized biotechnology companies. Many of our potential competitors have significantly more financial, technical and other resources than we do, which may give them a competitive advantage. In addition, they may have substantially more experience in effecting strategic combinations, in-licensing technology, developing drugs, obtaining regulatory approvals and manufacturing and marketing products. We cannot give any assurances that we can compete effectively with these other biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. Our potential competitors in these markets may succeed in developing products that could render our products and those of our collaborators obsolete or non-competitive. In addition, many of our competitors have significantly greater experience than we do in the fields in which we compete.
Our allergy and respiratory products, if developed and launched, will compete with numerous prescription and non-prescription over-the-counter products targeting similar conditions, as well as prescription generic products. In addition, a number of large pharmaceuticals companies produce pharmaceutical products, such as antihistamines, corticosteroids and anti-leukotriene agents that manage allergy and respiratory symptoms. Moreover, certain products that previously have been available by prescription only have been or could in the future be approved by the FDA for sale over-the-counter without a prescription at a lower price than competing prescription products, which could adversely affect our ability to successfully develop and market a competing prescription product. The Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.3mg product, if commercialized, will compete against other self-administered epinephrine products, including EpiPen, EpiPen Jr., Auvi-Q and Adrenaclick. In addition, there has been market and regulatory focus during 2016 and 2017 on the prices to consumers of self-administered epinephrine products, which could exert downward pressure on the pricing of such products. If our Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.3mg product is introduced, competitors may reduce or otherwise modify the pricing of their existing products. In addition, the company that markets the currently leading auto-injector product, EpiPen, has introduced an authorized generic version of the auto-injector product at a lower price than the EpiPen, other competing products have been introduced or prices on existing competing products have been reduced, and if additional competing products are introduced in the future, including generic or bioequivalent, or A/B rated, versions of one or more existing spring-loaded auto-injector devices, at lower prices than the current market leading products, the competitive success of our product could be adversely affected. The competitive success of our products could also be adversely affected by changes in the willingness of insurance companies and other third party payors to cover or reimburse some or all of the costs to consumers of our products. Our APC-1000, APC-4000 and APC-6000 products, if developed and commercialized, are expected to compete with allergy inhaler and other products offered by several companies, including GlaxoSmithKline.
Compounded Pharmacy Formulations. The compounded pharmaceutical and pharmacy industries are highly competitive. We compete against other registered outsourcing facilities, branded drug companies, generic drug companies, regional compounders that provide patient-specific compounding that decide to expand to 503B outsourcing, non-patient-specific compounding, large hospitals and integrated delivery networks, other compounding pharmacies, and new entrants to the industry. Many competitors that market and sell compounded preparations have longer operating histories and may have greater financial, marketing and other resources than we do. We are significantly smaller than some of such competitors, and we may lack the financial and other resources needed to develop, produce, distribute, market and commercialize any of USC’s formulations or compete for market share in these sectors. These potential competitors could leverage existing resources and experience operating in industries that are subject to significant regulatory oversight in order to overcome certain barriers to entry. Consequently, competitors may be able to develop products and services competitive with, or superior to, USC’s products and services. Furthermore, we may not be able to differentiate USC’s compounded preparations and services from those of our competitors, successfully develop or introduce new services—on a timely basis or at all—that are less costly than those of our competitors or offer customers payment and other commercial terms as favorable as those offered by our competitors. We expect competition to intensify as technology advances, such as those in the field of robotics and automation, and consolidation continues. Also, new developments by pharmaceutical manufacturers, such as increasing the number of abbreviated new drug applications, to cover less frequently used drug formulations, could render some or many of USC’s products or services obsolete. In addition, the drug products available through branded and generic drug companies with which USC’s formulations compete have been approved for marketing and sale by the FDA and are required to be manufactured in facilities compliant with cGMP standards. USC’s compounded formulations are not required to be, and have not been, approved for marketing and sale by the FDA. As a result, some physicians may be unwilling to prescribe, and some patients may be unwilling to use, USC’s formulations. Increased competition could reduce revenue and gross profit and otherwise materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Pharmaceutical technologies have undergone and continue to be subject to rapid and significant change. Our future success will depend in large part on our ability to maintain a competitive position with respect to these technologies. Products developed by our competitors, including FDA-approved drugs and compounded formulations created by other pharmacies and outsourcing facilities, could render USC’s products and technologies obsolete or unable to compete effectively. Other competitive factors include the safety and efficacy of a product, the size of the market for a product, the timing of market entry relative to competitive products, the availability of alternative compounded formulations or approved drugs, the price of a product relative to alternative products, the availability of third-party reimbursement, the success of sales and marketing efforts, brand recognition and the availability of scientific and technical information about a product.
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Intellectual Property
Our success will depend in part on our ability to:
| ● | obtain and maintain international and domestic patent and other legal protections for the proprietary technology, inventions and improvements we consider important to our business; | |
| ● | prosecute and defend our patents; | |
| ● | preserve our trade secrets; and | |
| ● | operate without infringing the patents and proprietary rights of other parties. |
We intend to continue to seek appropriate patent protection for product candidates in our research and development programs where applicable and their uses by filing patent applications in the United States and other selected countries. We intend for these patent applications to cover, where possible, claims for composition of matter, medical uses, processes for preparation and formulations. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had: (i) 13 issued patents in the United States and 4 pending applications; (ii) 57 issued and 7 pending foreign patent applications, two of which has been allowed, relating to Epinephrine Injection, DPI and C31G. The issued patents and allowed patents applications expire between 2018 and 2041, not taking into account any potential patent-term extensions that may be available in the future.
Although we believe that our rights under patents and patent applications provide a competitive advantage, the patent positions of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. We may not be able to develop patentable products or processes, and may not be able to obtain patents from pending applications. Even if patent claims are allowed, the claims may not issue, or in the event of issuance, may not be sufficient to protect the technology owned by or licensed to us. Any patents or patent rights that we obtain may be circumvented, challenged or invalidated by our competitors.
We also rely on trade secrets, proprietary know-how and continuing innovation to develop and maintain our competitive position, especially when we do not believe that patent protection is appropriate or can be obtained. We seek protection of these trade secrets, proprietary know-how and any continuing innovation, in part, through confidentiality and proprietary information agreements. However, these agreements may not provide meaningful protection for, or adequate remedies to protect, our technology in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of information. Furthermore, our trade secrets may otherwise become known to, or be independently developed by, our competitors.
Government Regulation
Pharmaceutical Regulation
The marketing of any pharmaceutical products in the United States is subject to extensive government regulation. Likewise, if we seek to market and distribute any such products abroad, they would also be subject to extensive foreign government regulation.
In the United States, the FDA regulates pharmaceutical products. FDA regulations govern the testing, manufacturing, advertising, promotion, labeling, sale and distribution of pharmaceutical products, and generally require a rigorous process for the approval of new drugs. We also may be subject to foreign regulatory requirements governing clinical trials and drug product sales if products are tested or marketed abroad. The approval process outside the United States varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and the time required may be longer or shorter than that required for FDA approval.
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Regulation in the United States
The FDA testing and approval process requires substantial time, effort and money. We cannot assure you that any of our products will ever obtain approval. Our potential products that require marketing approval by the FDA will be regulated as drugs. In the United States, drugs are subject to regulation under the FDCA. The statute and related regulations govern, among other things, testing, manufacturing, safety, efficacy, labeling, storage, record keeping, advertising, and other promotional practices. The FDA approval process for new drugs includes, without limitation:
| ● | preclinical studies; | |
| ● | submission of an Investigational New Drug application, or IND, for clinical trials; | |
| ● | adequate and well-controlled human clinical trials to establish safety and efficacy of the product; | |
| ● | review of a New Drug Application, or NDA; and | |
| ● | inspection of the facilities used in the manufacturing of the drug to assess compliance with the FDA’s current Good Manufacturing Practices, or cGMP, regulations. |
Preclinical studies include laboratory evaluation of the product, as well as animal studies to assess the potential safety and effectiveness of the product. Most of these studies must be performed according to good laboratory practices, a system of management controls for laboratories and research organizations to ensure the consistency and reliability of results. The results of the preclinical studies, existing clinical and/or human use data (if applicable), together with manufacturing information and analytical data, are submitted to the FDA as part of an IND, which we are required to file before we can commence any clinical trials for our product candidates in the United States. Clinical trials may begin 30 days after an IND is received, unless the FDA raises concerns or questions about the conduct of the clinical trials. If concerns or questions are raised, an IND sponsor and the FDA must resolve any outstanding concerns before clinical trials can proceed. We cannot assure you that submission of any additional IND for any of our preclinical product candidates will result in authorization to commence clinical trials.
Clinical trials involve the administration of the product candidate that is the subject of the trial to volunteers or patients under the supervision of a qualified principal investigator. Each clinical trial must be reviewed and approved by an independent institutional review board, or IRB, at each institution at which the study will be conducted. The IRB will consider, among other things, ethical factors, safety of human subjects and the possible liability of the institution arising from the conduct of the proposed clinical trial. Also, clinical trials must be performed according to good clinical practices, which are enumerated in FDA regulations and guidance documents.
Clinical trials typically are conducted in sequential phases: Phases 1, 2 and 3. The phases may overlap. The FDA may require that we suspend clinical trials at any time on various grounds, including if the FDA makes a finding that the subjects participating in the trial are being exposed to an unacceptable health risk.
In Phase 1 clinical trials, a drug is usually tested on patients to determine safety, any adverse effects, proper dosage, absorption, metabolism, distribution, excretion and other drug effects.
In Phase 2 clinical trials, a drug is usually tested on a limited number of subjects to preliminarily evaluate the efficacy of the drug for specific, targeted indications, determine dosage tolerance and optimal dosage, and identify possible adverse effects and safety risks.
In Phase 3 clinical trials, a drug is usually tested on a larger number of subjects in an expanded patient population and at multiple clinical sites.
We cannot assure you that any of our current or future clinical trials will result in approval to market our products.
An NDA must include comprehensive and complete descriptions of the preclinical testing, clinical trials and the chemical, manufacturing and control requirements of a drug that enable the FDA to determine the drug’s or biologic’s safety and efficacy. An NDA must be submitted, filed and approved by the FDA before any drug product that we may successfully develop and that requires marketing approval by the FDA can be marketed commercially in the United States.
The facilities, procedures and operations for any of our contract manufacturers must be determined to be adequate by the FDA before product approval. Manufacturing facilities are subject to inspections by the FDA for compliance with cGMP, licensing specifications and other FDA regulations before and after an NDA has been approved. Foreign manufacturing facilities are also subject to periodic FDA inspections or inspections by foreign regulatory authorities. Among other things, the FDA may withhold approval of NDAs or other product applications if deficiencies are found at the facility. Vendors that may supply us with finished products or components used to manufacture, package and label products are also subject to similar regulations and periodic inspections.
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In addition, the FDA imposes a number of complex regulatory requirements on entities that advertise and promote pharmaceuticals, including, but not limited to, standards and regulations for direct-to-consumer advertising, off-label promotion, industry-sponsored scientific and educational activities, and promotional activities involving the Internet.
Failure to comply with FDA and other governmental regulations can result in fines, unanticipated compliance expenditures, recall or seizure of products, total or partial suspension of production and/or distribution, suspension of the FDA’s review of NDAs injunctions and criminal prosecution. Any of these actions could have a material adverse effect on us.
Once the FDA receives an NDA, it has 60 days to review the application to determine if it is substantially complete and the data is readable, before it accepts the NDA for filing. Once the submission is accepted for filing, the FDA begins an in-depth review of the submission to determine, among other things, whether the proposed product is safe and effective for its intended use, and whether the product is being manufactured in accordance with cGMP to assure and preserve the product’s identity, strength, quality and purity.
Under the goals and policies agreed to by the FDA under the Prescription Drug User Fee Act, or PDUFA, the FDA agrees to specific goals for NDA review time through a two-tiered classification system, Priority Review and Standard Review. A Priority Review designation is given to drugs that offer major advances in treatment, or provide a treatment where no adequate therapy exists. For a Priority Review application, the FDA aims to complete the initial review cycle for New Molecular Entities, or NMEs, within six months of the 60 day filing date, and for non-NMEs within six months of the date of receipt. Standard Review applies to all applications that are not eligible for Priority Review. The FDA aims to complete Standard Review NDAs for NMEs within ten months of the 60 day filing date, and for Non-NMEs within ten months of the date of receipt. Such dates are often referred to as the PDUFA dates. The FDA does not always meet its PDUFA dates for either Standard Reviews or Priority Reviews of NDAs. The review process and the PDUFA date may be extended by three months if the FDA requests or the sponsor otherwise provides additional information or clarification regarding information already provided in the submission within the last three months before the PDUFA date. In addition, the FDA’s review processes can extend beyond, and in some cases significantly beyond, anticipated completion dates due to FDA requests for additional information or clarification, issuance of a complete response letter, difficulties scheduling an advisory committee meeting, negotiations regarding any required risk evaluation and mitigation strategies, FDA workload issues or other reasons. The FDA may refer the application to an advisory committee for review, evaluation and recommendation as to the application’s approval. The amount of time taken for the approval process is a function of a number of variables, including whether the product has received priority review, the quality of the submission and studies presented, the potential contribution that the compound will make in improving the treatment of the disease in question, and the workload at the FDA.
The FDA may, during its review of an NDA, ask for additional test data or the conducting of additional clinical trials. If the FDA does ultimately approve the product, it may require post-marketing testing to monitor the safety and effectiveness of the product. In addition, the FDA may in some circumstances impose restrictions on the use of the product, which may be difficult and expensive to administer and may require prior approval of promotional materials.
Prior to regulatory approval, the FDA may elect to obtain advice from outside experts regarding scientific issues and/or marketing applications under FDA review. These outside experts are convened through the FDA’s Advisory Committee process. An Advisory Committee will report to the FDA and make recommendations. Views of the Advisory Committee may differ from those of the FDA, and the FDA is not bound by the recommendations of an Advisory Committee. As a condition of NDA approval, the FDA may require a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (“REMS”) to help ensure that the benefits of the drug outweigh the potential risks. REMS can include medication guides, communication plans for healthcare professionals, and elements to assure safe use.
Before approving an NDA, the FDA can inspect the facilities at which the product is manufactured. The FDA will not approve the submission unless it determines that the manufacturing processes and facilities are in compliance with cGMP requirements and adequate to assure consistent production of the product within required specifications. Additionally, before approving an NDA, the FDA will typically inspect one or more clinical sites to assure that the clinical studies were conducted in compliance with GCP requirements. If the FDA determines that the processes and procedures used are not acceptable, it will outline the deficiencies in the submission and often will request additional clinical testing or information before an NDA can be approved. The FDA may also inspect one or more of the preclinical toxicology research sites to assure that the preclinical studies were conducted in compliance with GLP requirements. If the FDA determines that the studies were not performed in compliance with applicable GLP rules and regulations, the FDA may request additional preclinical testing or information before an NDA can be approved.
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The FDA will issue a complete response letter if the agency decides not to approve the NDA. The complete response letter describes all of the specific deficiencies in the submission identified by the FDA. The deficiencies identified may be minor, for example, requiring labeling changes, or major, for example, requiring additional clinical trials. Additionally, the complete response letter may include recommended actions that the applicant might take to place the application in a condition for approval. If a complete response letter is issued, the applicant may resubmit the NDA, addressing all of the deficiencies identified in the letter, or withdraw the application.
If a product receives regulatory approval, the approval may be significantly limited to specific diseases and dosages or the indications for use may otherwise be limited, which could restrict the commercial value of the product. Further, the FDA may require that certain contraindications, warnings or precautions be included in the product labeling. In addition, the FDA may require post marketing studies, sometimes referred to as Phase 4 testing, which involves clinical trials designed to further assess drug safety and effectiveness and may require testing and surveillance programs to monitor the safety of approved products that have been commercialized. After approval, certain changes to the approved drug or biologic, such as adding new indications, manufacturing changes or additional labeling claims, are subject to further FDA review and approval. Depending on the nature of the change proposed, an NDA supplement must be filed and approved before the change may be implemented. For many proposed post-approval changes to an NDA, the FDA review period can be lengthy and is often significantly extended by FDA requests for additional information or clarification.
Following receipt of regulatory approval, any products that we market continue to be subject to extensive regulation including, among other things, record-keeping requirements, reporting of adverse experiences with the product, providing the FDA with updated safety and efficacy information, product storage, sampling and distribution requirements, complying with certain electronic records and signature requirements, complying with FDA promotion and advertising requirements, which include, among others, restrictions on direct-to-consumer advertising, promoting biologics for uses or in patient populations that are not described in the product’s approved labeling, known as “off-label” use, and requirements relating to industry-sponsored scientific and educational activities and promotional activities involving the internet. These regulations impact many aspects of our operations, including the manufacture, labeling, packaging, adverse event reporting, storage, distribution, advertising, promotion and record keeping related to the products. The FDA also frequently requires post-marketing testing and surveillance to monitor the effects of approved products or places conditions on any approvals that could restrict the commercial applications of these products. If we fail to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, we may be subject to fines, suspension or withdrawal of regulatory approvals, product recalls, seizure of products, disgorgement of money, operating restrictions and criminal prosecution.
In addition to FDA restrictions on marketing of pharmaceutical products, several other types of state and federal laws have been applied to restrict certain marketing practices in the pharmaceutical industry in recent years. These laws include anti-kickback statutes and false claims statutes. The federal healthcare program anti-kickback statute prohibits, among other things, knowingly and willfully offering, paying, soliciting or receiving remuneration to induce or in return for purchasing, leasing, ordering or arranging for the purchase, lease or order of any healthcare item or service reimbursable under Medicare, Medicaid or other federally financed healthcare programs. This statute has been interpreted to apply to arrangements between pharmaceutical manufacturers on the one hand and prescribers, purchasers and formulary managers on the other. Violations of the anti-kickback statute are punishable by imprisonment, criminal fines, civil monetary penalties and exclusion from participation in federal healthcare programs. Although there are a number of statutory exemptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting certain common activities from prosecution or other regulatory sanctions, the exemptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly, and practices that involve remuneration intended to induce prescribing, purchases or recommendations may be subject to scrutiny if they do not qualify for an exemption or safe harbor.
Federal false claims laws prohibit any person from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, a false claim for payment to the federal government, or knowingly making, or causing to be made, a false statement to have a false claim paid. Several pharmaceutical and other healthcare companies have been prosecuted under these laws for allegedly inflating drug prices they report to pricing services, which in turn are used by the government to set Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement rates, and for allegedly providing free product to customers with the expectation that the customers would bill federal programs for the product. In addition, certain marketing practices, including off-label promotion, may also violate false claims laws. Many states also have statutes or regulations similar to the federal anti-kickback law and false claims laws, which apply to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs, or, in several states, apply regardless of the payor. Sanctions under these federal and state laws may include civil monetary penalties, exclusion of a manufacturer’s products from reimbursement under government programs, criminal fines and imprisonment.
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The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, or PPACA, enacted in 2010, imposes new reporting and disclosure requirements for pharmaceutical and device manufacturers with regard to payments or other transfers of value made to physicians and teaching hospitals. In addition, pharmaceutical and device manufacturers will also be required to report and disclose investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members during the preceding calendar year. Failure to submit required information may result in civil monetary penalties for payments, transfers of value or ownership or investment interests not reported in an annual submission. The reforms imposed by the PPACA will significantly impact the pharmaceutical industry; however, the full effects of the new law cannot be known until these provisions are implemented. In addition, although the PPACA was upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court, it is possible that the PPACA may be modified or repealed in the future.
If not preempted by this federal law, several states require pharmaceutical companies to report expenses relating to the marketing and promotion of pharmaceutical products and to report gifts and payments to individual physicians in the states. Other states prohibit providing various other marketing related activities. Still other states require the posting of information relating to clinical studies and their outcomes. In addition, certain states require pharmaceutical companies to implement compliance programs or marketing codes. Currently, several additional states are considering similar proposals. Compliance with these laws is difficult and time consuming, and companies that do not comply with these state laws face civil penalties. If in the future some of our business activities were subject to challenge under one or more of such laws, an adverse outcome could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
In addition, as part of the sales and marketing process, pharmaceutical companies frequently provide samples of approved drugs to physicians. This practice is regulated by the FDA and other governmental authorities, including, in particular, requirements concerning record keeping and control procedures. Any failure to comply with the regulations may result in significant criminal and civil penalties as well as damage to our credibility in the marketplace.
The FDA closely regulates the post-approval marketing and promotion of drugs. While physicians may choose to prescribe drugs for uses that are not described in the product’s labeling and for uses that differ from those tested in clinical studies and approved by the regulatory authorities, our ability to promote the products is limited to those indications that are specifically approved by the FDA. These “off-label” uses are not unusual across certain medical specialties and may constitute an appropriate treatment for many patients in varied circumstances. Regulatory authorities in the U.S. generally do not regulate the behavior of physicians in their choice of treatments. Regulatory authorities do, however, restrict communications by pharmaceutical companies on the subject of off-label use. If our promotional activities fail to comply with these regulations or guidelines, we may be subject to warnings from, or enforcement action by, these authorities. In addition, our failure to follow FDA rules and guidelines relating to promotion and advertising may cause the FDA to delay its approval or refuse to approve a product, suspend or withdraw of an approved product from the market, and could result in other consequences such as recalls, fines, disgorgement of money, operating restrictions, injunctions, civil or criminal prosecution or penalties, or other possible legal or regulatory actions, such as warning letters, suspension of manufacturing, seizure of product, mandated corrective advertising or communications with healthcare professionals, or criminal penalties or other negative consequences, including adverse publicity. Any of these consequences could harm our business.
We will rely, and expect to continue to rely, on third-parties for the production of clinical and commercial quantities of our products. Our collaborators may also utilize third-parties for some or all of a product we are developing with such collaborator. Manufacturers are required to comply with applicable FDA manufacturing requirements contained in the FDA’s cGMP regulations. cGMP regulations require among other things, quality control and quality assurance as well as the corresponding maintenance of records and documentation. Drug manufacturers and other entities involved in the manufacture and distribution of approved biologics are required to register their establishments with the FDA and certain state agencies and are subject to periodic inspections by the FDA and certain state agencies for compliance with cGMP and other laws. Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain cGMP compliance.
Section 505(b)(2) New Drug Applications
Most drug products obtain FDA marketing approval pursuant to a Section 505(b)(1) NDA filing or an Abbreviated NDA, or ANDA. An alternative is a special type of NDA, commonly referred to as a Section 505(b)(2) NDA, which enables the applicant to rely, in part, on the FDA’s findings of safety and efficacy of an existing product, or published literature, in support of its application. Section 505(b)(2) NDAs often provide an alternate path to FDA approval for new or improved formulations or new uses of previously approved products. Section 505(b)(2) permits the filing of an NDA where at least some of the information required for approval comes from studies not conducted by or for the applicant and for which the applicant has not obtained a right of reference. The applicant may rely upon the FDA’s findings with respect to certain pre-clinical or clinical studies conducted for an approved product. The FDA may also require companies to perform additional studies or measurements to support the change from the approved product. The FDA may then approve the new product candidate for all or some of the label indications for which the referenced product has been approved, as well as for any new indication sought by the Section 505(b)(2) applicant.
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In seeking approval for a drug through an NDA, applicants are required to list with the FDA each patent whose claims cover the applicant’s product or a method of using the product. Upon approval of a drug, each of the patents listed in the application for the drug is then published in the FDA’s Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations, commonly known as the Orange Book.
To the extent that a Section 505(b)(2) NDA relies on clinical trials conducted for a previously approved drug product or the FDA’s prior findings of safety and effectiveness for a previously approved drug product, the Section 505(b)(2) applicant must submit patent certifications in its Section 505(b)(2) application with respect to any patents for the previously approved product on which the applicant’s application relies that are listed in the Orange Book. Specifically, the applicant must certify for each listed patent that, in relevant part, (1) the required patent information has not been filed; (2) the listed patent has expired; (3) the listed patent has not expired, but will expire on a particular date and approval is not sought until after patent expiration; or (4) the listed patent is invalid, unenforceable or will not be infringed by the proposed new product. A certification that the new product will not infringe the previously approved product’s listed patent or that such patent is invalid or unenforceable is known as a Paragraph IV certification. If the applicant does not challenge one or more listed patents through a Paragraph IV certification, the FDA will not approve the Section 505(b)(2) NDA application until all the listed patents claiming the referenced product have expired. Further, the FDA will also not approve, as applicable, a Section 505(b)(2) NDA application until any non-patent exclusivity, such as, for example, five-year exclusivity for obtaining approval of a new chemical entity, three year exclusivity for an approval based on new clinical trials, or pediatric exclusivity, listed in the Orange Book for the referenced product, has expired.
If the Section 505(b)(2) NDA applicant has provided a Paragraph IV certification to the FDA, the applicant must also send notice of the Paragraph IV certification to the owner of the referenced NDA for the previously approved product and relevant patent holders within 20 days after the Section 505(b)(2) NDA has been accepted for filing by the FDA. The NDA and patent holders may then initiate a patent infringement suit against the Section 505(b)(2) applicant. Under the FDCA, the filing of a patent infringement lawsuit within 45 days of receipt of the notification regarding a Paragraph IV certification automatically prevents the FDA from approving the Section 505(b)(2) NDA until the earliest to occur of 30 months beginning on the date the patent holder receives notice, expiration of the patent, settlement of the lawsuit, or until a court deems the patent unenforceable, invalid or not infringed. Even if a patent infringement claim is not brought within the 45-day period, a patent infringement claim may be brought under traditional patent law, but it does not invoke the 30-month stay. Moreover, in cases where a Section 505(b)(2) application containing a Paragraph IV certification is submitted after the fourth year of a previously approved drug’s five-year exclusivity period and the patent holder brings suit within 45 days of notice of certification, the 30-month period is automatically extended to prevent approval of the Section 505(b)(2) application until the date that is seven and one-half years after approval of the previously approved reference product. The court also has the ability to shorten or lengthen either the 30 month or the seven and one-half year period if either party is found not to be reasonably cooperating in expediting the litigation.
As a result, we may invest a significant amount of time and expense in the development of a product and our Section 505(b)(2) applications only to be subject to significant delay and patent litigation before our product may be commercialized. Alternatively, if the prior NDA applicant or relevant patent holder does not file a patent infringement lawsuit within the specified 45-day period, the FDA may approve the Section 505(b)(2) application at any time, assuming the application is otherwise approvable.
Notwithstanding the approval of many products by the FDA pursuant to Section 505(b)(2), over the last few years, some pharmaceutical companies and others have objected to the FDA’s interpretation of Section 505(b)(2). If the FDA changes its interpretation of Section 505(b)(2), or if the FDA’s interpretation is successfully challenged in court, this could delay or even prevent the FDA from approving any Section 505(b)(2) NDA that we submit.
We successfully pursued a Section 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway for our Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.3mg product, and we intend to pursue a Section 505(b)(2) regulatory filing in connection with our naloxone injection product, beclomethasone HFA and fluticasone DPI product candidates. Accordingly, if we rely in our regulatory filing on clinical trials conducted, or the FDA’s prior findings of safety and effectiveness, for a previously approved drug product that involves patents referenced in the Orange Book, then we will need to make the patent certifications or the Paragraph IV certification described above. If we make a Paragraph IV certification and the holder of the previously approved product that we referenced in our application initiates patent litigation within the time periods described above, then we will be subject to the risks of patent litigation, with the accompanying delay described above and potentially material expense of patent litigation, before we could commercially market our product.
In addition, even if we submit a 505(b)(2) application, such as we submitted for the Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.3mg product and as we may submit for other future products, that relies on clinical trials conducted for a previously approved product where there are no patents for such other product with respect to which we have to provide certifications, we are subject to the risk that the FDA could disagree with our reliance on the particular previously approved product that we chose to rely on, conclude that such previously approved product is not an acceptable reference product, and require us instead to reference another previously approved product that involves patents referenced in the Orange Book, requiring us to make the certifications described above and subjecting us to the risks of delay and expense described above.
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Abbreviated New Drug Applications
In contrast to the kind of clinical trial and other data that is required for an NDA submitted pursuant to Section 505(b)(1) of the FDCA, an Abbreviated New Drug Application, or ANDA, contains data that, when submitted to the FDA pursuant to Section 505(j) of the FDCA, provides for the review and ultimate approval of a product commonly referred to as a “generic equivalent” or a “generic” drug product. These kinds of drug applications are called “abbreviated” because ANDA applicants are generally not required to conduct or submit preclinical (animal) and clinical (human) data to establish safety and effectiveness of their product, other than the requirement for bioequivalence testing. Instead, a generic applicant must scientifically demonstrate that its product is bioequivalent, that is, that the product performs in the same manner as the listed drug. For locally acting inhaled products, we believe that demonstration of bioequivalency in most cases will require human clinical studies that demonstrate that the generic product performs in the same manner as the listed drug. An ANDA provides for marketing of a drug product that has the same active ingredients in the same strengths and dosage form as the listed drug and has been shown through bioequivalence testing to be therapeutically equivalent to the listed drug. Drugs approved in this way are commonly referred to as “generic equivalents” to the listed drug, and can often be substituted by pharmacists under prescriptions written for the original listed drug.
In seeking approval for a drug through an NDA, applicants are required to list with the FDA each patent with claims that cover the applicant’s product. Upon approval of a drug, each of the patents listed in the application for the drug is then published in the Orange Book. Drugs listed in the Orange Book can, in turn, be cited by potential competitors in support of approval of an ANDA. The ANDA applicant is required to certify to the FDA concerning any patents listed for the approved product in the FDA’s Orange Book, in a manner generally similar to the certifications that are required in connection with Section 505(b)(2) regulatory filings as described above. As with Section 505(b)(2) regulatory filings, if the applicant does not challenge the listed patents, the ANDA application will not be approved until all the listed patents claiming the referenced product have expired.
If the ANDA applicant has provided a Paragraph IV certification to the FDA, then the procedures described above in connection with Section 505(b)(2) regulatory filings also apply, and the risks of the patent holder initiating a patent infringement lawsuit as described above also apply. The ANDA application also will not be approved until any non-patent exclusivity, such as exclusivity for obtaining approval of a new chemical entity, listed in the Orange Book for the referenced product has expired. Federal law provides a period of five years following approval of a drug containing no previously approved active ingredients, during which ANDAs for generic versions of those drugs cannot be submitted unless the submission contains a Paragraph IV challenge to a listed patent, in which case the submission may be made four years following the original product approval. Federal law provides for a period of three years of exclusivity following approval of a listed drug that contains previously approved active ingredients, but is approved in a new dosage form, route of administration or combination, or for a new use, the approval of which was required to be supported by new clinical trials conducted by or for the sponsor, during which FDA cannot grant effective approval of an ANDA based on that listed drug.
Regulation Outside the United States
If we market our products in foreign countries, we also will be subject to foreign regulatory requirements governing human clinical trials and marketing approval for pharmaceutical products. The requirements governing the conduct of clinical trials, product approval, pricing and reimbursement vary widely from country to country. Whether or not FDA approval has been obtained, approval of a product by the comparable regulatory authorities of foreign countries must be obtained before manufacturing or marketing the product in those countries. The approval process varies from country to country and the time required for such approvals may differ substantially from that required for FDA approval. There is no assurance that any future FDA approval of any of our clinical trials or drugs will result in similar foreign approvals or vice versa.
Additional Regulation
Third-Party Reimbursement
In the United States, physicians, hospitals and other healthcare providers that purchase pharmaceutical products generally rely on third-party payors, principally private health insurance plans, Medicare and, to a lesser extent, Medicaid, to reimburse all or part of the cost of the product and procedure for which the product is being used. Even if a product is approved for marketing by the FDA, there is no assurance that third-party payors will cover the cost of the product and related medical procedures. If they do not, end-users of the drug would not be eligible for any reimbursement of the cost, and our ability to successfully market any such drug would be materially and adversely impacted.
Reimbursement systems in international markets vary significantly by country and, within some countries, by region. Reimbursement approvals must be obtained on a country-by-country basis. In many foreign markets, including markets in which we hope to sell our products, the pricing of prescription pharmaceuticals is subject to government pricing control. In these markets, once marketing approval is received, pricing negotiations could take significant additional time. As in the United States, the lack of satisfactory reimbursement or inadequate government pricing of any of our products would limit their widespread use and lower potential product revenues.
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Fraud and Abuse Laws
Federal and state anti-kickback and anti-fraud and abuse laws, as well as the federal Civil False Claims Act may apply to certain drug and device research and marketing practices. The Civil False Claims Act prohibits knowingly presenting or causing to be presented a false, fictitious or fraudulent claim for payment to the United States. Actions under the Civil False Claims Act may be brought by the Attorney General or by a private individual acting as an informer or whistleblower in the name of the government. Violations of the Civil False Claims Act can result in significant monetary penalties. The federal government is using the Civil False Claims Act, and the threat of significant liability, in its investigations of healthcare providers, suppliers and drug and device manufacturers throughout the country for a wide variety of drug and device marketing and research practices, and has obtained multi-million dollar settlements. The federal government may continue to devote substantial resources toward investigating healthcare providers’, suppliers’ and drug and device manufacturers’ compliance with the Civil False Claims Act and other fraud and abuse laws. We may have to expend significant financial resources and management attention if we ever become the focus of such an investigation, even if we are not guilty of any wrong doing.
HIPAA
We may be subject to data privacy and security regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act, or HITECH, and its implementing regulations, addresses the privacy and transmission of individually identifiable health information and, among other things, requires the use of standard transactions, privacy and security standards and other administrative simplification provisions, by covered entities which include many healthcare providers, health plans and healthcare clearinghouses. HIPAA instructs the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services to promulgate regulations implementing these standards in the United States. HITECH makes HIPAA’s privacy and security standards directly applicable to business associates, such as independent contractors or agents of covered entities, that receive or obtain protected health information in connection with providing a service on behalf of a covered entity. Material monetary penalties and other remedies can result from violation of these laws and regulations. In addition, many state laws also address the privacy and security of health information, and many of these laws differ from each other in significant ways, thus complicating compliance efforts.
Other Laws
We are also subject to other federal, state and local laws of general applicability, such as laws regulating working conditions, and various federal, state and local environmental protection laws and regulations, including laws such as the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the Environmental Protection Act, the Toxic Substances Control Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and other similar federal and state laws regarding, among other things, occupational safety, the use and handling of radioisotopes, environmental protection and hazardous substance control. Although as of the date of this Report we have not been required to take any action to correct any noncompliance, there can be no assurance that we will not be required to incur significant costs to comply with environmental and health and safety regulations in the future. Our research and development activities may involve the controlled use of hazardous materials, including chemicals that cause cancer, volatile solvents, radioactive materials and biological materials that have the potential to transmit disease, and our operations may produce hazardous waste products. If we fail to comply with these laws and regulations we could be subjected to criminal sanctions and substantial financial liability or be required to suspend or modify our operations. We cannot completely eliminate the risk of accidental contamination or injury from these materials. In the event of contamination or injury, we could be held liable for damages or penalized with fines in an amount exceeding our resources.
In addition, as an owner and operator of real property, we may also be subject to liability for environmental investigations and cleanups, including at properties currently or previously owned or operated by us, even if such contamination was not caused by us, as well as to claims for harm to health or property or for natural resource damages arising out of contamination or exposure to hazardous substances. Liability in many situations may be imposed not only without regard to fault, but may also be joint and several, so that we may be held responsible for more than our share of the contamination or other damages, or even for the entire share. We may also be subject to similar liabilities and claims in connection with locations at which hazardous substances or wastes that has generated have been stored, treated, otherwise managed or disposed. The costs of complying with, or other impact of, current or future environmental, health and safety requirements could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Pharmacy Regulation
Our compounding pharmacy business conducted by USC is subject to federal, state and local laws, regulations, and administrative practices, including, among others: federal, state and local licensure and registration requirements concerning the operation of pharmacies and the practice of pharmacy; HIPAA; PPACA and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2012, collectively referred to as the Health Reform Law; statutes and regulations of the FDA and the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, or DEA; and state laws and regulations promulgated by comparable state agencies concerning the sale, advertisement and promotion of the compounded formulations that USC sells. Some of the various federal and state laws and regulations which may govern or impact USC’s operations are described below.
USC’s pharmacy operations are regulated by both individual states and the federal government. Every state has laws and regulations addressing pharmacy operations, including regulations relating specifically to compounding pharmacy operations. These regulations generally include licensing requirements for pharmacists, pharmacy technicians and pharmacies, as well as regulations related to compounding processes, safety protocols, purity, sterility, storage, controlled substances, recordkeeping and regular inspections, among other things. State rules and regulations are updated periodically, generally under the jurisdiction of individual state boards of pharmacy. Failure to comply with the state pharmacy regulations of a particular state could result in a pharmacy being prohibited from operating in that state, financial penalties and/or becoming subject to additional oversight from that state’s board of pharmacy. In addition, many states are considering imposing, or have already begun to impose, more stringent requirements on compounding pharmacies. If our pharmacy operations become subject to additional licensure requirements, are unable to maintain their required licenses or if states place burdensome restrictions or limitations on pharmacies, USC's ability to operate in some states could be limited.
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Most of the states into which USC delivers its formulations have laws and regulations that require out-of-state pharmacies to register with, or be licensed by, the boards of pharmacy or similar regulatory bodies in those states. These states generally permit the dispensing pharmacy to follow the laws of the state within which the dispensing pharmacy is located. However, various state pharmacy boards have enacted laws and/or adopted rules or regulations directed at restricting or prohibiting the operation of out-of-state pharmacies by, among other things, requiring compliance with all laws of the states into which the out-of-state pharmacy dispenses or distributes medications, whether or not those laws conflict with the laws of the state in which the pharmacy is located, or requiring the pharmacist-in-charge to be licensed in that state.
The DQSA also contained new Section 503B of the FDCA, which established an outsourcing facility as a new form of entity that is permitted to compound large quantities of drug formulations without a prescription, thus permitting the practice of anticipatory compounding, and distribute them out of state without limitation, if the drug formulations appear on the FDA’s drug shortage list or the bulk drug substances contained in the formulations appear on a list to be established by the FDA. Entities voluntarily registering as outsourcing facilities are subject to cGMP requirements and regular FDA inspection, among other requirements. USC currently operates as a 503B outsourcing facility and cannot predict when FDA will issue, finalize, or enforce new guidance documents that affect our business practices. Several guidance documents from FDA are currently in draft form, which does not preclude them from being enforceable by FDA, and USC cannot predict or control when Final Guidance might be issued or if any changes from draft versions will be introduced. The DQSA prohibits compounding facilities, both 503A and 503B, from compounding products that are "essentially a copy" of approved drug products offered by traditional pharmaceutical manufacturers. In January 2018, the FDA published a Final Guidance on compounding from bulk ingredients and what it considers to be “essentially a copy” of approved drug products. This policy added the requirement that purchasers and prescribers document on each order and prescription the specific clinical need for the compounded medication. Some purchasers and prescribers may be unwilling to complete this additional documentation resulting in decrease demand for the compounded drug products. Additionally, in January 2018, the FDA published a statement outlining its compounding priorities for 2018. Included in this statement were references to forthcoming regulations on compounding from bulk drug substances, determination of clinical need, and a memorandum of understanding between FDA and State Boards of Pharmacy. Although as of the date of this Report we do not believe that the forthcoming regulations will have a material adverse effect on the business and results of operations of USC, regulations regarding these three topics, which are of general application to compounding pharmacies, potentially could limit the number and type of products USC is permitted to compound and interstate shipping of compounded medications, and could adversely affect sales of our compounded medications.
USC is taking actions in 2018 to separate a portion of its business activities into 503A prescriptions dispensed to individual patients and 503B compounds distributed to facilities and practitioners without a specific patient identified. In December 2016, FDA issued Final Guidance for Industry entitled “Prescription Requirement Under Section 503A of the Federal Food, Drug, & Cosmetic Act.” This guidance document outlines that traditional 503A pharmacies can only dispense prescriptions pursuant to receipt of a valid prescription for a specifically identified individual patient. This December 2016 Guidance, in combination with the August 2015 Final Guidance for Industry “For Entities Considering Whether to Register as Outsourcing Facilities Under Section 503B of the Federal Food, Drug, & Cosmetic Act,” effectively makes compounding prescriptions for individual patients impractical as a 503B Outsourcing Facility and requires separate physical locations for 503A and 503B operations. The process to open, commission, and license the new facility is expected to require significant capital expenditures in 2018.
Confidentiality, Privacy and HIPAA
USC’s pharmacy operations involve the receipt, use and disclosure of confidential medical, pharmacy and other health-related information. The federal privacy regulations under HIPAA are designed to protect the medical information of a healthcare patient or health plan enrollee that could be used to identify the individual. Among other things, HIPAA limits certain uses and disclosures of protected health information and requires compliance with federal security regulations regarding the storage, utilization and transmission of and access to electronic protected health information. The requirements imposed by HIPAA are extensive. In addition, most states have enacted privacy and security laws that protect identifiable patient information that is not health-related.
Medicare Reimbursement
Medicare is a federally funded program that provides health insurance coverage for qualified persons age 65 or older and for some disabled persons with certain specific conditions. Currently, most of USC’s formulations are sold in cash transactions and a small percentage of USC’s prescriptions are billed to Medicare and other third parties prescription benefits managers. Many third-party payors have imposed significant restrictions on reimbursement for compounded formulations in recent years. Moreover, third-party payors, including Medicare, are increasingly attempting to contain health care costs by limiting coverage and the level of reimbursement for new drugs and by refusing, in some cases, to provide coverage for uses of approved products for disease indications for which the FDA has not granted labeling approval. Further, the Health Reform Law may have a considerable impact on the existing U.S. system for the delivery and financing of health care and could conceivably adversely affect USC’s business. As a result, reimbursement from Medicare and other third-party payors may never be available for any of USC’s products or, if available, may not be sufficient to allow USC to sell the products on a competitive basis and at desirable price points.
To the extent that USC obtains third-party reimbursement for its compounded formulations, it may become subject to Medicare, and other publicly financed health benefit plan regulations prohibiting kickbacks, beneficiary inducement and the submission of false claims.
Food and Drug Administration
As a human drug compounding outsourcing facility, USC is registered with, and regulated by, the FDA under the FDCA. In particular, the DQSA, which sets forth standards applicable to compounding outsourcing facilities such as USC’s, was enacted in November 2013, creating a new Section 503B in the FDCA, under which a compounder can voluntarily register as an outsourcing facility. USC has registered as an outsourcing facility.
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In July 2014, the FDA issued a draft guidance entitled: Industry Current Good Manufacturing Practice—Interim Guidance for Human Drug Compounding Outsourcing Facilities Under Section 503B of the FD&C Act. According to the FDA, this “interim guidance describes the FDA’s expectations regarding compliance with cGMP requirements” for Section 503B compounding facilities. The guidance also notes that the FDA intends to promulgate more specific cGMP regulations for such facilities, but that until “final regulations are promulgated, this guidance describes the FDA’s expectations” regarding outsourcing facility compliance with cGMP requirements for drugs during the interim period. We cannot predict when the guidance will be finalized. When finalized, the guidance for 503B outsourcing facilities regarding vendor qualification and incoming raw materials testing may be onerous and significantly increase the cost of USC’s compounded medications.
In June 2016, the FDA issued guidance entitled: “Interim Policy on Compounding Using Bulk Drug Substances. Under Section 503B of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act – Guidance for Industry.” According to the FDA, this guidance sets forth the FDA’s interim regulatory policy concerning compounding by outsourcing facilities registered under section 503B of the FDCA using bulk drug substances. Section 503B of the FDCA includes certain restrictions on the bulk drug substances that outsourcing facilities can use in compounding and directs the FDA to develop a list of bulk drug substances that can be used in compounding under that section. The FDA is developing that list of bulk drug substances, and this guidance describes the FDA’s interim regulatory policy regarding outsourcing facilities that compound human drug products using bulk drug substances while the list is being developed. In 2017, a pharmaceutical company filed suit against FDA alleging that the interim policy described above on compounding from bulk drug substances was an improper implementation of the 2013 Drug Quality & Security Act. In January 2018, the company and the FDA agreed to stay this lawsuit pending FDA releasing new guidance on this topic, anticipated to be in March 2018.
Compounding outsourcing facilities have historically been subject to FDA inspections on an irregular basis and are now subject to FDA inspections on a risk-based schedule in accordance with DQSA Section 503B(b)(4). Observations by the FDA of potentially violative conditions during inspections are required to be reported to facility management at the close of the inspection on FDA Form 483. It is common for such reports to be provided in connection with inspections of compounding outsourcing facilities, and observations may be further followed by Warning Letters and other enforcement actions as the FDA deems warranted. As described elsewhere under the heading “Business of U.S. Compounding, Inc. – Overview – Regulatory Matters,” USC has received Form 483 observations in the past following FDA facility inspections, including in 2014, 2015, and 2016. Following the August 2015 Form 483 observations, USC temporarily suspended production of sterile products and voluntarily recalled all lots of sterile products aseptically compounded and packaged by USC that remained within expiry, due to the FDA’s concern over a lack of sterility assurance. Issuance of a Form 483 from FDA has the potential to result in additional regulatory restrictions from the various State Boards of Pharmacy that could limit business in those states on a temporary or permanent basis. Following the 2016 inspection, USC was issued a Form 483 listing inspectional observations. USC responded in writing in July 2016 and again in April 2017. In October 2017, FDA issued a Warning Letter to USC summarizing its concerns from the 2015 and 2016 inspections. USC provided FDA with a written response detailing corrective actions taken, including regarding differential pressures, facility design, environmental monitoring, product specifications, and suspension quality. The agency stated in the Warning Letter that FDA inspections of USC’s location are expected on a regular basis.
Drug Enforcement Administration
USC maintains registrations with the DEA that enables USC to receive, manufacture, store and distribute controlled substances. Controlled substances are those drugs that appear on one of five schedules promulgated and administered by the DEA under the Controlled Substances Act, or CSA. DEA drug scheduling is based on the potential for abuse. Laws enforced by the DEA, as well as similar state agencies, require each location that handles controlled substances to separately register.
The CSA governs, among other things, the distribution, recordkeeping, handling, security and disposal of controlled substances. USC’s compounding outsourcing facilities that handle controlled substances are subject to periodic and ongoing inspections by the DEA and similar state drug enforcement authorities to assess ongoing compliance with DEA and state controlled substances regulations.
Procurement quota requirements imposed by the DEA on USC’s purchases of materials containing controlled substances necessitate regular applications to the DEA for permission to purchase materials essential to the production of many of USC’s CSPs. Any inability to obtain authorization from the DEA to procure controlled drugs for use in USC’s business could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In 2017, the DEA issued a statement indicating it would significantly decrease the procurement quotas it issued for opiates in an effort to curb the national opioid abuse crisis. This decrease could limit USC’s ability to procure controlled substances and adversely impact our revenues and results of operations.
Environmental and Other Matters
USC is or may become subject to environmental laws and regulations governing, among other things, any use and disposal by USC of hazardous or potentially hazardous substances in connection with research and preparation of compounded formulations. USC is subject to work safety and labor laws that govern certain of its operations and employee relations. In each of these areas, as above, the FDA and other government agencies have broad regulatory and enforcement powers, including, among other things, the ability to levy fines and civil penalties, suspend or delay issuance of approvals, licenses or permits, seize or recall products, and withdraw approvals, any one or more of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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Agreements
Agreement Relating to Dry Powder Inhaler
On August 1, 2013, we entered into an agreement with 3M Company to exclusively license and, upon final payment acquire, assets relating to 3M Company’s patented Taper dry powder inhaler, or DPI, technology under development by 3M for the treatment of respiratory diseases. Pursuant to the agreement, we made an initial payment of $3.0 million to 3M and acquired an exclusive license to the assets for all indications in the dry powder inhalation field through December 31, 2013, and on December 27, 2013, we made a final payment to 3M of $7.0 million and the assets were transferred to us, with Adamis granting back to 3M a license to the intellectual property assets outside of the dry powder inhalation field. The intellectual property includes patents, patent applications and other intellectual property relating to the assets. The agreement includes certain other customary provisions, including representations and warranties, warranty disclaimers and indemnification provisions. We are utilizing the assets initially to develop a pre-metered inhaler device, referred to as DPI, for the treatment of respiratory diseases.
The design of the DPI uses proprietary 3M technology to store the active pharmaceutical ingredients on a microstructured carrier tape. Under the agreement, 3M and Adamis have agreed to work in good faith to negotiate and enter into a separate supply agreement providing for the supply of the drug delivery tape to be used with the product.
Employees
As of December 31, 2017, we had 108 full-time employees and 18 part-time employees. None of our employees is subject to a collective bargaining agreement or represented by a labor or trade union, and we believe that our relations with our employees are good.
Corporate Background
Adamis Pharmaceuticals Corporation was founded in June 2006 as a Delaware corporation. Effective April 1, 2009, the company formerly named Adamis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, or Old Adamis, completed a business combination transaction with Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or Cellegy. Before the merger, Cellegy was a public company and Old Adamis was a private company. In connection with the consummation of the merger and pursuant to the terms of the definitive merger agreement relating to the transaction, Cellegy was the surviving corporation in the merger and changed its name from Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc. to Adamis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, and Old Adamis survived as a wholly-owned subsidiary and changed its corporate name to Adamis Corporation. We have three wholly-owned subsidiaries: Adamis Corporation, USC and Biosyn, Inc.
On April 11, 2016, we completed the acquisition of USC, pursuant to the terms of an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated March 28, 2016. Pursuant to the terms of the merger agreement, a new-created wholly-owned subsidiary merged with and into USC, with USC surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.
Our corporate headquarters are located at 11682 El Camino Real, Suite 300, San Diego, CA 92130, and our telephone number is (858) 997-2400. Our website address is: www.adamispharmaceuticals.com. We have included our website address as a factual reference and do not intend it to be an active link to our website.
| ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS |
You should consider carefully the following information about the risks described below, together with the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in our other public filings in evaluating our business. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and future prospects could be materially and adversely affected by these risks if any of them actually occurs. In these circumstances, the market price of our common stock would likely decline. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks not currently known to us or other factors not perceived by us to present significant risks to our business at this time also may impair our business.
Risks Related to Our Business, Industry and Financial Condition
Our auditors have expressed substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, which may hinder our ability to obtain further financing.
Our audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017, were prepared under the assumption that we would continue our operations as a going concern. Our independent registered public accounting firm has included a “going concern” explanatory paragraph in its report on our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017, indicating that we have incurred recurring losses from operations and are dependent on additional financing to fund operations, and that these factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Uncertainty concerning our ability to continue as a going concern may hinder our ability to obtain future financing. Continued operations and our ability to continue as a going concern are dependent on our ability to obtain additional funding in 2018 and thereafter, and there are no assurances that such funding will be available at all or will be available in sufficient amounts or on reasonable terms. Our financial statements do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Without additional funds from debt or equity financings, sales of assets, sales or out-licenses of intellectual property or technologies, or other transactions or sources, we will exhaust our resources and will be unable to continue operations. If we cannot continue as a viable entity, our stockholders would likely lose most or all of their investment in us.
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We will require additional financing to continue as a going concern.
We incurred a net loss of approximately $25.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, and a net loss of approximately $19.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. At December 31, 2017, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $18.3 million, including approximately $1 million in restricted cash, accounts receivable of approximately $0.8 million and liabilities of approximately $11.9 million. The development of our business will require additional capital in 2018 and the future to help fund the commercialization of our Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.3mg product whether or not we enter into a commercialization agreement with a third party, proceed with development of the naloxone injection, fluticasone DPI, and beclomethasone HFA product candidates, and conduct research and development of other product candidates, as well as to fund capital expenditures and our ongoing operations at USC and satisfy our obligations and liabilities. We have historically relied upon sales of our equity or debt securities to fund our operations. We currently have no available balance in our credit facility or committed sources of capital. Delays in obtaining funding could adversely affect our ability to develop and commercially introduce products and cause us to be unable to comply with our obligations under outstanding instruments.
Our ability to obtain additional financing will be subject to a number of factors, including market conditions, our operating performance and investor sentiment. If we are unable to raise additional capital when required or on acceptable terms, we may have to significantly delay, scale back or discontinue the development or commercialization of one or more of our product candidates, restrict our operations or obtain funds by entering into agreements on unattractive terms, which would likely have a material adverse effect on our business, stock price and our relationships with third parties with whom we have business relationships, at least until additional funding is obtained, and which could result in additional dilution to our stockholders. If we do not have sufficient funds to continue operations, we could be required to seek bankruptcy protection or other alternatives that would likely result in our stockholders losing some or all of their investment in us.
Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K concerning our future plans and operations are dependent on our ability to secure adequate funding and the absence of unexpected delays or adverse developments. We may not be able to secure required funding.
The statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K concerning future events or developments or our future activities, such as concerning current or planned clinical trials, anticipated research and development activities, anticipated dates for commencement of clinical trials, anticipated completion dates of clinical trials, anticipated meetings with the FDA or other regulatory authorities concerning our product candidates, anticipated dates for submissions to obtain required regulatory marketing approvals, anticipated dates for commercial introduction of products, and other statements concerning our future operations and activities, are forward-looking statements that in each instance assume that we are able to obtain sufficient funding in the near term and thereafter to support such activities and continue our operations and planned activities in a timely manner. There can be no assurance that this will be the case. For example, as of the date of this Report, we have not commercially launched or entered into an agreement with a commercialization partner regarding our approved SYMJEPI Epinephrine PFS product. Also, such statements assume that there are no significant unexpected developments or events that delay or prevent such activities from occurring. Failure to timely obtain sufficient funding, or unexpected developments or events, could delay the occurrence of such events or prevent the events described in any such statements from occurring which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We have incurred losses since our inception, and we anticipate that we will continue to incur losses. We may never achieve or sustain profitability.
We incurred net losses of approximately $25.5 million for the year ended year ended December 31, 2017, and a net loss of approximately $19.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. From inception through December 31, 2017, we have an accumulated deficit of approximately $114.0 million. We expect that these losses may increase as we continue our research and development activities, seek regulatory approvals for our product candidates and seek to commercialize any approved products. These losses will cause, among other things, our stockholders’ equity and working capital to decrease. Any future earnings and cash flow from operations of our business are dependent on our ability to further develop our products and on revenue and profitability from sales of products.
There can be no assurance that we will be able to generate sufficient product revenue to become profitable at all or on a sustained basis. We expect to have quarter-to-quarter fluctuations in revenue and expenses, some of which could be significant, due in part to variations in expenses and activities relating to research, development, clinical trial, marketing and manufacturing. If our product candidates fail in clinical trials or do not gain regulatory approval, or if our products do not achieve market acceptance, we may never become profitable. As we commercialize and market products, we will need to incur expenses for product marketing and brand awareness and conduct significant research, development, testing and regulatory compliance activities that, together with general and administrative expenses, could result in substantial operating losses for the foreseeable future. Even if we do achieve profitability, we may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis.
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Our limited operating history may make it difficult to evaluate our business and our future viability.
We are in the relatively early stage of operations and development of our current products and product candidates and have only a limited operating history on which to base an evaluation of our business and prospects. Even if we successfully obtain additional funding, we are subject to the risks associated with early stage companies with a limited operating history, including without limitation: the need for additional financings; the uncertainty of research and development efforts resulting in successful commercial products, as well as the marketing and customer acceptance of such products; unexpected issues with the FDA or other federal or state regulatory authorities; regulatory setbacks and delays; unexpected delays in commercialization of products; competition from larger organizations; reliance on the proprietary technology of others; dependence on key personnel; uncertain patent protection; fluctuations in expenses; and dependence on corporate partners and collaborators. Any failure to successfully address these risks and uncertainties could seriously harm our business and prospects. We may not succeed given the technological, marketing, strategic and competitive challenges we will face. The likelihood of our success must be considered in light of the expenses, difficulties, complications, problems and delays frequently encountered in connection with the growth of a new business, the continuing development of new drug technologies, and the competitive and regulatory environment in which we operate or may choose to operate in the future.
Many of our potential products and technologies are in early stages of development.
The development of new pharmaceutical products is a highly risky undertaking, and there can be no assurance that any future research and development efforts we might undertake will be successful. Many of our potential products in the allergy and respiratory fields will require significant additional research and development before any commercial introduction. There can be no assurance that any future research, development or clinical trial efforts will result in viable products or meet efficacy standards. Future clinical or preclinical results may be negative or insufficient to allow us to successfully market our product candidates. Obtaining needed data and results may take longer than planned or may not be obtained at all. Any such delays or setbacks could have a material adverse effect on our ability to achieve our financial goals.
We rely on third parties to conduct our clinical trials. If these third parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or meet expected deadlines, we may be unable to obtain, or may experience delays in obtaining, regulatory approval, or may not be successful in commercializing our planned and future products.
Like many companies our size, we do not have the ability to conduct preclinical or clinical studies for our product candidates without the assistance of third parties who conduct the studies on our behalf. These third parties are usually toxicology facilities and clinical research organizations, or CROs, that have significant resources and experience in the conduct of pre-clinical and clinical studies. The toxicology facilities conduct the pre-clinical safety studies as well as associated tasks connected with these studies. The CROs typically perform patient recruitment, project management, data management, statistical analysis, and other reporting functions. We intend to rely on third parties to conduct clinical trials of our product candidates and to use third party toxicology facilities and CROs for our pre-clinical and clinical studies. We may also rely on academic institutions or clinical research organizations to conduct, supervise or monitor some or all aspects of clinical trials involving our products.
Our reliance on these third parties for development activities will reduce our control over these activities. If these third parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or obligations or meet expected deadlines, or if the quality or accuracy of the clinical data they obtain is compromised due to the failure to adhere to our clinical protocols or for other reasons, we may be required to replace them, and our clinical trials may be extended, delayed or terminated. Although we believe there are a number of third-party contractors that we could engage to continue these activities, replacing a third-party contractor may result in a delay of the affected trial.
Delays in the commencement or completion of clinical testing of our product candidates could result in increased costs and delay our ability to generate significant revenues.
The actual timing of commencement and completion of clinical trials can vary dramatically from our anticipated timing due to factors such as funding limitations, scheduling conflicts with participating clinicians and clinical institutions, and the rate of patient enrollment. Clinical trials involving our product candidates may not commence or be completed as forecast. Delays in the commencement or completion of clinical testing could significantly impact our product development costs. We do not know whether current or planned clinical trials will begin on time or be completed on schedule, if at all. The commencement of clinical trials can be delayed for a variety of reasons, including delays in:
| ● | obtaining required funding; | |
| ● | obtaining regulatory approval to commence a clinical trial; | |
| ● | reaching agreement on acceptable terms with prospective contract research organizations and clinical trial sites; | |
| ● | obtaining sufficient quantities of clinical trial materials for product candidates; | |
| ● | obtaining institutional review board approval to conduct a clinical trial at a prospective site; and | |
| ● | recruiting participants for a clinical trial. |
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In addition, once a clinical trial has begun, it may be suspended or terminated by us or the FDA or other regulatory authorities due to a number of factors, including:
| ● | failure to conduct the clinical trial in accordance with regulatory requirements; | |
| ● | inspection of the clinical trial operations or clinical trial site by the FDA or other regulatory authorities resulting in the imposition of a clinical hold; | |
| ● | failure to achieve certain efficacy and/or safety standards; or | |
| ● | lack of adequate funding to continue the clinical trial. |
Clinical trials require sufficient participant enrollment, which is a function of many factors, including the size of the target patient population, the nature of the trial protocol, the proximity of participants to clinical trial sites, the availability of effective treatments for the relevant disease, the eligibility criteria for our clinical trials and competing trials. Delays in enrollment can result in increased costs and longer development times. Our failure to enroll participants in our clinical trials could delay the completion of the clinical trials beyond current expectations. In addition, the FDA could require us to conduct clinical trials with a larger number of participants than we may project for any of our product candidates. As a result of these factors, we may not be able to enroll a sufficient number of participants in a timely or cost-effective manner.
Furthermore, enrolled participants may drop out of clinical trials, which could impair the validity or statistical significance of the clinical trials. A number of factors can influence the discontinuation rate, including, but not limited to: the inclusion of a placebo in a trial; possible lack of effect of the product candidate being tested at one or more of the dose levels being tested; adverse side effects experienced, whether or not related to the product candidate; and the availability of numerous alternative treatment options that may induce participants to withdraw from the trial.
We may be required to suspend, repeat or terminate our clinical trials if the trials are not well designed, do not meet regulatory requirements or the results are negative or inconclusive, which may result in significant negative repercussions on business and financial condition.
Before regulatory approval for a potential product can be obtained, we must undertake clinical testing on humans to demonstrate the tolerability and efficacy of the product. We cannot assure you that we will obtain authorization to permit product candidates that are in the preclinical development phase to enter the human clinical testing phase. In addition, we cannot assure you that any authorized preclinical or clinical testing will be completed successfully within any specified time period by us, or without significant additional resources or expertise to those originally expected to be necessary. We cannot assure you that such testing will show potential products to be safe and efficacious or that any such product will be approved for a specific indication. Further, the results from preclinical studies and early clinical trials may not be indicative of the results that will be obtained in later-stage clinical trials. In addition, we or regulatory authorities may suspend clinical trials at any time on the basis that the participants are being exposed to unacceptable health risks.
We are subject to the risk of clinical trial and product liability lawsuits.
The testing of human health care product candidates entails an inherent risk of allegations of clinical trial liability, while the marketing and sale of approved products entails an inherent risk of allegations of product liability and associated adverse publicity. We currently maintain liability insurance coverage of up to $3,000,000 and an excess liability insurance coverage of up to $6,000,000, with a $1,000,000 limit for each product liability claim. Such insurance policies are expensive and may not be available in the future on acceptable terms, or at all. As we conduct additional clinical trials and introduce products into the United States market, the risk of adverse events increases and our requirements for liability insurance coverage are likely to increase. We are subject to the risk that substantial liability claims from the testing or marketing of pharmaceutical products could be asserted against us in the future. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain or maintain insurance on acceptable terms, particularly in overseas locations, for clinical and commercial activities or that any insurance obtained will provide adequate protection against potential liabilities. An inability to obtain sufficient insurance coverage on reasonable terms or to otherwise protect against potential product liability claims could inhibit our business.
Moreover, our current and future coverages may not be adequate to protect us from all of the liabilities that we may incur. If losses from liability claims exceed our insurance coverage, we may incur substantial liabilities that exceed our financial resources. In addition, a product or clinical trial liability action against us would be expensive and time-consuming to defend, even if we ultimately prevailed. If we are required to pay a claim, we may not have sufficient financial resources and our business and results of operations may be harmed. A product liability claim brought against us in excess of our insurance coverage, if any, could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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We do not have commercial-scale manufacturing capability, and we lack commercial manufacturing experience. We will likely rely on third parties to manufacture and supply our product candidates for which we will be seeking FDA approval.
Except for our facilities at USC that are utilized to prepare compounded formulations, we do not own or operate manufacturing facilities for clinical or commercial production of pharmaceutical product candidates, we do not have any experience in drug formulation or manufacturing, and we lack the resources and the capability to manufacture any of our product candidates on a clinical or commercial scale. Accordingly, we expect to depend on third-party contract manufacturers for the foreseeable future. Any performance failure on the part of our contract manufacturers could delay clinical development, regulatory approval or commercialization of our current or future product candidates, depriving us of potential product revenue and resulting in additional losses.
The manufacture of pharmaceutical products requires significant expertise and capital investment, including the development of advanced manufacturing techniques and process controls. Manufacturers of pharmaceutical products often encounter difficulties in production, particularly in scaling up initial production.
These problems can include difficulties with production costs and yields, quality control (including stability of the product candidate and quality assurance testing), shortages of qualified personnel, and compliance with strictly enforced federal, state and foreign regulations. If our third-party contract manufacturers were to encounter any of these difficulties or otherwise fail to comply with their obligations or under applicable regulations, our ability to provide product candidates to patients in our clinical trials or commercially would be jeopardized. If we file an application for marketing approval of the product and the FDA grants marketing approval, any delay or interruption in the supply of product could delay the commercial launch of the product or impair our ability to meet demand for the product. Difficulties in supplying products for clinical trials could increase the costs associated with our clinical trial programs and, depending upon the period of delay, require us to commence new trials or qualify new manufacturers at significant additional expense, possibly causing commercial delays or termination of the trials.
Our products can only be manufactured in a facility that has undergone a satisfactory inspection by the FDA and other relevant regulatory authorities. For these reasons, we may not be able to replace manufacturing capacity for our products quickly if we or our contract manufacturer(s) were unable to use manufacturing facilities as a result of a fire, natural disaster (including an earthquake), equipment failure, or other difficulty, or if such facilities were deemed not in compliance with the regulatory requirements and such non-compliance could not be rapidly rectified. An inability or reduced capacity to manufacture our products would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We are subject to substantial government regulation, which could materially adversely affect our business. If we do not receive regulatory approvals, we may not be able to develop and commercialize our technologies.
We need FDA approval to market our products in the United States that are subject to regulatory approval, and similar approvals from foreign regulatory authorities to market products outside the United States. The production and marketing of such products and potential products and our ongoing research and development, pre-clinical testing and clinical trial activities are subject to extensive regulation and review by numerous governmental authorities in the United States and will face similar regulation and review for overseas approval and sales from governmental authorities outside of the United States. The regulatory review and approval process, which may include evaluation of preclinical studies and clinical trials of our products that are subject to regulatory review, as well as the evaluation of manufacturing processes and contract manufacturers’ facilities, is lengthy, expensive and uncertain. We have limited experience in filing and pursuing applications necessary to gain regulatory approvals. Many of the product candidates that we are currently developing must undergo rigorous pre-clinical and clinical testing and an extensive regulatory approval process before they can be marketed. This process makes it longer, more difficult and more costly to bring our potential products to market, and we cannot guarantee that any of our potential products will be approved. Many products for which FDA approval has been sought by other companies have never been approved for marketing. In addition to testing and approval procedures, extensive regulations also govern marketing, manufacturing, distribution, labeling, and record-keeping procedures. If we or our collaboration partners do not comply with applicable regulatory requirements, such violations could result in non-approval, suspensions of regulatory approvals, civil penalties and criminal fines, product seizures and recalls, operating restrictions, injunctions, and criminal prosecution.
Regulatory authorities generally have substantial discretion in the approval process and may either refuse to accept an application, or may decide after review of an application that the data submitted is insufficient to allow approval of the proposed product. If regulatory authorities do not accept or approve our applications, they may require that we conduct additional clinical, preclinical or manufacturing studies and submit that data before regulatory authorities will reconsider such application. We may need to expend substantial resources to conduct further studies to obtain data that regulatory authorities believe is sufficient. Depending on the extent of these studies, approval of applications may be delayed by several years, or may require us to expend more resources than we may have available. It is also possible that additional studies may not suffice to make applications approvable. If any of these outcomes occur, we may be forced to abandon our applications for approval.
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Failure to obtain FDA or other required regulatory approvals, or withdrawal of previous approvals, would adversely affect our business. Even if regulatory approval of a product is granted, this approval may entail limitations on uses for which the product may be labeled and promoted, or may prevent us from broadening the uses of products for different applications.
Following regulatory approval of any of our drug candidates, we will be subject to ongoing regulatory obligations and restrictions, which may result in significant expense and limit our ability to commercialize our potential products.
With regard to our drug candidates that are approved by the FDA or by another regulatory authority, we are held to extensive regulatory requirements over product manufacturing, labeling, packaging, adverse event reporting, storage, advertising, promotion and record keeping. Regulatory approvals may also be subject to significant limitations on the indicated uses or marketing of the drug candidates. Potentially costly follow-up or post-marketing clinical studies may be required as a condition of approval to further substantiate safety or efficacy, or to investigate specific issues of interest to the regulatory authority. Previously unknown problems with the drug candidate, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, may result in restrictions on the marketing of the drug, and could include withdrawal of the drug from the market. In addition, the law or regulatory policies governing pharmaceuticals may change. New statutory requirements may be enacted or additional regulations may be enacted that could prevent or delay regulatory approval of our drug candidates. We cannot predict the likelihood, nature or extent of adverse government regulation that may arise from future legislation or administrative action, either in the United States or elsewhere. If we are not able to maintain regulatory compliance, we might not be permitted to market our drugs and our business could suffer.
We intend to pursue Section 505(b)(2) regulatory approval filings with the FDA for our products where applicable. Such filings involve significant costs, and we may also encounter difficulties or delays in obtaining regulatory approval for our products. Similar difficulties or delays may also arise in connection with any Abbreviated New Drug Applications that we may file.
We submitted a Section 505(b)(2) NDA regulatory filing to the FDA in connection with our Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.3mg product, and we intend to pursue Section 505(b)(2) NDA filings with the FDA in connection with our beclomethasone HFA, fluticasone DPI and naloxone injection product candidates. A Section 505(b)(2) NDA is a special type of NDA that enables the applicant to rely, in part, on the FDA’s findings of safety and efficacy of an existing previously approved product, or published literature, in support of its application. Section 505(b)(2) NDAs often provide an alternate path to FDA approval for new or improved formulations or new uses of previously approved products. Such filings involve significant filing costs, including filing fees.
To the extent that a Section 505(b)(2) NDA relies on clinical trials conducted for a previously approved drug product or the FDA’s prior findings of safety and effectiveness for a previously approved drug product, the Section 505(b)(2) applicant must submit patent certifications in its Section 505(b)(2) application with respect to any patents for the previously approved product on which the applicant’s application relies and that are listed in the FDA’s Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations, commonly known as the Orange Book. Specifically, the applicant must certify for each listed patent that, in relevant part, (1) the required patent information has not been filed; (2) the listed patent has expired; (3) the listed patent has not expired, but will expire on a particular date and approval is not sought until after patent expiration; or (4) the listed patent is invalid, unenforceable or will not be infringed by the proposed new product. A certification that the new product will not infringe the previously approved product’s listed patent or that such patent is invalid or unenforceable is known as a Paragraph IV certification. If the applicant does not challenge one or more listed patents through a Paragraph IV certification, the FDA will not approve the Section 505(b)(2) NDA application until all the listed patents claiming the referenced product have expired.
If the Section 505(b)(2) NDA applicant has provided a Paragraph IV certification to the FDA, the applicant must also send notice of the Paragraph IV certification to the owner of the referenced NDA for the previously approved product and relevant patent holders within 20 days after the Section 505(b)(2) NDA has been accepted for filing by the FDA. The NDA and patent holders may then initiate a patent infringement suit against the Section 505(b)(2) applicant. Under the FDCA, the filing of a patent infringement lawsuit within 45 days of receipt of the notification regarding a Paragraph IV certification automatically prevents the FDA from approving the Section 505(b)(2) NDA until the earliest to occur of 30 months beginning on the date the patent holder receives notice, expiration of the patent, settlement of the lawsuit, or until a court deems the patent unenforceable, invalid or not infringed.
If we rely in our Section 505(b)(2) regulatory filings on clinical trials conducted, or the FDA’s prior findings of safety and effectiveness, for a previously approved drug product that involves patents referenced in the Orange Book, then we will need to make the patent certifications or the Paragraph IV certification described above. If we make a Paragraph IV certification and the holder of the previously approved product that we referenced in our application initiates patent litigation within the time periods described above, then any FDA approval of our 505(b)(2) application would be delayed until the earlier of 30 months, resolution of the lawsuit, or the other events described above. Accordingly, our anticipated dates of a product that was subject to such litigation would be delayed. In addition, we would incur the expenses, which could be material, involved with any such patent litigation. As a result, we may invest a significant amount of time and expense in the development of our product only to be subject to significant delay and patent litigation before our product may be commercialized, if at all.
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In addition, even if we submit a Section 505(b)(2) application, such as we may submit for other future products, that relies on clinical trials conducted for a previously approved product where there are no patents referenced in the Orange Book for such other product with respect to which we have to provide certifications, we are subject to the risk that the FDA could disagree with our reliance on the particular previously approved product that we chose to rely on, conclude that such previously approved product is not an acceptable reference product, and require us instead to rely as a reference product on another previously approved product that involves patents referenced in the Orange Book, requiring us to make the certifications described above and subjecting us to additional delay, expense and the other risks described above.
Similarly, if we submit one or more ANDA applications to the FDA pursuant to Section 505(j) of the FDCA in connection with one or more of our product candidates, we could encounter generally similar difficulties or delays, including difficulties or delays resulting from the Paragraph IV certification process or from any clinical trials that might be required in connection with any such ANDAs.
If we fail to obtain acceptable prices or appropriate reimbursement for our products, our ability to successfully commercialize our products will be impaired.
Government and insurance reimbursements for healthcare expenditures play an important role for all healthcare providers, including physicians and pharmaceutical companies such as Adamis, that plan to offer various products in the United States and other countries in the future. Physicians and patients may decide not to order our products unless third-party payors, such as managed care organizations as well as government payors such as Medicare and Medicaid, pay a substantial portion of the price of the products. Market acceptance and sales of our specialty pharmaceutical products, other than our compounding formulations sold by USC, which are less affected by the willingness of third party payors to pay a substantial portion of the price of such products, and potential products will depend in part on the extent to which reimbursement for the costs of such products will be available from government health administration authorities, private health coverage insurers, managed care organizations, and other organizations. In the United States, our ability to have our products eligible for Medicare, Medicaid or private insurance reimbursement will be an important factor in determining the ultimate success of our products. If, for any reason, Medicare, Medicaid or the insurance companies decline to provide reimbursement for our products, our ability to commercialize our products would be adversely affected.
Third-party payors may challenge the price of medical and pharmaceutical products. Reimbursement by a third-party payor may depend on a number of factors, including a payor’s determination that our product candidates are:
| ● | not experimental or investigational; | |
| ● | effective; | |
| ● | medically necessary; | |
| ● | appropriate for the specific patient; | |
| ● | cost-effective; | |
| ● | supported by peer-reviewed publications; and | |
| ● | included in clinical practice guidelines. |
If purchasers or users of our products and related treatments are not able to obtain appropriate reimbursement for the cost of using such products, they may forego or reduce such use. Significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved pharmaceutical products, and there can be no assurance that adequate third-party coverage will be available for any of our products. Even if our products are approved for reimbursement by Medicare, Medicaid and private insurers, of which there can be no assurance, the amount of reimbursement may be reduced at times or even eliminated. This would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Legislative or regulatory reform of the healthcare system may affect our ability to sell our products profitably.
In both the United States and certain foreign jurisdictions, there have been and are expected to be a number of legislative and regulatory changes to the healthcare system in ways that could impact our ability to sell our products profitably, including the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act signed into law in the United States in March 2010. Given the enactment of these laws and other federal and state legislation and regulations relating to the healthcare system, their impact on the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries and our business is uncertain. The U.S. Congress continues to consider issues relating to the healthcare system, and future legislation or regulations may affect our ability to market and sell products on favorable terms, which would affect our results of operations, as well as our ability to raise capital, obtain additional collaborators or profitably market our products. Such legislation or regulation may reduce our revenues, increase our expenses or limit the markets for our products. In particular, we expect to experience pricing pressures in connection with the sale of our products due to the influence of health maintenance and managed health care organizations and additional legislative proposals.
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We have limited sales, marketing and distribution experience.
We have limited experience in the sales, marketing, and distribution of pharmaceutical products. There can be no assurance that we will be able to establish sales, marketing, and distribution capabilities or make arrangements with collaborators or others to perform such activities or that such efforts will be successful. If we decide to market any products directly ourselves, we would be required to either acquire or internally develop a marketing and sales force with technical expertise and with supporting distribution capabilities. The acquisition or development of a sales, marketing and distribution infrastructure would require substantial resources, which may not be available to us or, even if available, could divert the attention of our management and key personnel and have a negative impact on further product development efforts.
We may seek to enter into arrangements to develop and commercialize our products. These collaborations, even if secured, may not be successful.
We have entered and sought to enter into arrangements with third parties regarding development or commercialization of some of our products or product candidates and may in the future seek to enter into collaborative arrangements to develop and commercialize some of our potential products both in North America and international markets. There can be no assurance that we will be able to negotiate commercialization or collaborative arrangements on favorable terms or at all or that our current or future collaborative arrangements will be successful. The amount and timing of resources such third parties will devote to these activities may not be within our control. There can be no assurance that such parties will perform their obligations as expected. There can be no assurance that our collaborators will devote adequate resources to our products.
If our potential products are unable to compete effectively with current and future products targeting similar markets as our potential products, our commercial opportunities will be reduced or eliminated.
The markets for our Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.3mg product, our proposed HFA and DPI inhaler products and other allergy and respiratory products, are intensely competitive and characterized by rapid technological progress. We face competition from numerous sources, including major biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies worldwide. Many of our competitors have substantially greater financial and technical resources, and development, production and marketing capabilities, than we do. Our Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.3mg product is expected to compete with a number of other currently marketed epinephrine products for use in the emergency treatment of acute allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. Certain companies have established technologies that may be competitive with our product candidates and any future products that we may develop or acquire. Some of these products may use different approaches or means to obtain results, which could be more effective or less expensive than our products for similar indications. In addition, many of these companies have more experience than we do in pre-clinical testing, clinical trials and manufacturing of compounds, obtaining FDA and foreign regulatory approvals, commercial launches, and brand name exposure and expertise in sales and marketing. We also compete with academic institutions, governmental agencies and private organizations that are conducting research in the same fields.
Competition among these entities to recruit and retain highly qualified scientific, technical and professional personnel and consultants is also intense. As a result, there is a risk that one or more of our competitors will develop a more effective product for the same indications for which we are developing a product or, alternatively, bring a similar product to market before we can do so. Failure to successfully compete will adversely impact the ability to raise additional capital and ultimately achieve profitable operations.
Our product candidates may not gain acceptance among physicians, patients, or the medical community, thereby limiting our potential to generate revenue, which will undermine our future growth prospects.
Even if our pharmaceutical product candidates are approved for commercial sale by the FDA or other regulatory authorities, the degree of market acceptance of any approved product candidate by physicians, health care professionals and third-party payors, and our profitability and growth will depend on a number of factors, including:
| ● | the ability to provide acceptable evidence of safety and efficacy; | |
| ● | pricing and cost effectiveness, which may be subject to regulatory control; | |
| ● | our ability to obtain sufficient third-party insurance coverage or reimbursement; | |
| ● | effectiveness of our or our collaborators’ sales and marketing strategy; | |
| ● | relative convenience and ease of administration; | |
| ● | the prevalence and severity of any adverse side effects; and | |
| ● | availability of alternative treatments. |
If any product candidate that we develop does not provide a treatment regimen that is at least as beneficial as the current standard of care or otherwise does not provide some additional patient benefit over the current standard of care, that product will likely not achieve market acceptance and we will not generate sufficient revenues to achieve profitability.
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If we suffer negative publicity concerning the safety of our products in development, our sales may be harmed and we may be forced to withdraw such products.
If concerns should arise about the safety of any of our products that are marketed, regardless of whether or not such concerns have a basis in generally accepted science or peer-reviewed scientific research, such concerns could adversely affect the market for these products. Similarly, negative publicity could result in an increased number of product liability claims, whether or not these claims are supported by applicable law.
Our failure to adequately protect or to enforce our intellectual property rights or secure rights to third party patents could materially harm our proprietary position in the marketplace or prevent the commercialization of our products.
Our success depends in part on our ability to obtain and maintain protection in the United States and other countries for the intellectual property covering or incorporated into our technologies and products. The patents and patent applications in our existing patent portfolio are either owned by us or licensed to us. Our ability to protect our product candidates from unauthorized use or infringement by third parties depends substantially on our ability to obtain and maintain, or license, valid and enforceable patents. Due to evolving legal standards relating to the patentability, validity and enforceability of patents covering pharmaceutical inventions and the scope of claims made under these patents, our ability to obtain and enforce patents is uncertain and involves complex legal and factual questions for which important legal principles are unresolved.
There is a substantial backlog of patent applications at the United States Patent and Trademark Office, or USPTO. There can be no assurance that any patent applications relating to our products or methods will be issued as patents, or, if issued, that the patents will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented or that the rights granted thereunder will provide a competitive advantage. We may not be able to obtain patent rights on products, treatment methods or manufacturing processes that we may develop or to which we may obtain license or other rights. Even if we do obtain patents, rights under any issued patents may not provide us with sufficient protection for our product candidates or provide sufficient protection to afford us a commercial advantage against our competitors or their competitive products or processes. It is possible that no patents will be issued from any pending or future patent applications owned by us or licensed to us. Others may challenge, seek to invalidate, infringe or circumvent any patents we own or license. Alternatively, we may in the future be required to initiate litigation against third parties to enforce our intellectual property rights. The defense and prosecution of patent and intellectual property claims are both costly and time consuming, even if the outcome is favorable to us. Any adverse outcome could subject us to significant liabilities, require us to license disputed rights from others, or require us to cease selling our future products.
In addition, many other organizations are engaged in research and product development efforts that may overlap with our products. Such organizations may currently have, or may obtain in the future, legally blocking proprietary rights, including patent rights, in one or more products or methods under development or consideration by us. These rights may prevent us from commercializing technology, or may require us to obtain a license from the organizations to use the technology. We may not be able to obtain any such licenses that may be required on reasonable financial terms, if at all, and we cannot be sure that the patents underlying any such licenses will be valid or enforceable. As with other companies in the pharmaceutical industry, we are subject to the risk that persons located in other countries will engage in development, marketing or sales activities of products that would infringe our patent rights if such activities were conducted in the United States.
Our patents also may not afford protection against competitors with similar technology. We may not have identified all patents, published applications or published literature that affect our business either by blocking our ability to commercialize our product candidates, by preventing the patentability of our products or by covering the same or similar technologies that may affect our ability to market or license our product candidates. Many companies have encountered difficulties in protecting and defending their intellectual property rights in foreign jurisdictions. If we encounter such difficulties or are otherwise precluded from effectively protecting our intellectual property rights in either the United States or foreign jurisdictions, our business prospects could be substantially harmed. In addition, because of funding limitations and our limited cash resources, we may not be able to devote the resources that we might otherwise desire to prepare or pursue patent applications, either at all or in all jurisdictions in which we might desire to obtain patents, or to maintain already-issued patents.
We may become involved in patent litigations or other intellectual property proceedings relating to our future product approvals, which could result in liability for damages or delay or stop our development and commercialization efforts.
The pharmaceutical industry has been characterized by significant litigation and other proceedings regarding patents, patent applications, trademarks, and other intellectual property rights. The situations in which we may become parties to such litigation or proceedings may include any third parties initiating litigation claiming that our products infringe their patent or other intellectual property rights, or that one of our trademarks or trade names infringes the third party’s trademark rights; in such case, we will need to defend against such proceedings. For example, the field of generic pharmaceuticals is characterized by frequent litigation that occurs in connection with the regulatory filings under Section 505(b)(2) of the FDCA and attempts to invalidate the patent of the reference drug.
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The costs of resolving any patent litigation or other intellectual property proceeding, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial. Many of our potential competitors will be able to sustain the cost of such litigation and proceedings more effectively than we can because of their substantially greater resources. Uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of patent litigation or other intellectual property proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our ability to compete in the marketplace. Patent litigation and other intellectual property proceedings may also consume significant management time.
In the event that a competitor infringes upon our patent or other intellectual property rights, enforcing those rights may be costly, difficult, and time-consuming. Even if successful, litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights or to defend our patents against challenge could be expensive and time-consuming and could divert our management’s attention. We may not have sufficient resources to enforce our intellectual property rights or to defend our patent or other intellectual property rights against a challenge. If we are unsuccessful in enforcing and protecting our intellectual property rights and protecting our products, it could materially harm our business.
If we determine that our intangible assets have become impaired in the future, our total assets and earnings could be adversely affected.
Goodwill represents the purchase price of acquisitions in excess of the amounts assigned to acquired tangible or intangible assets and assumed liabilities. Goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets are not amortized but rather are evaluated for impairment annually or more frequently, if indicators of impairment exist. Finite lived intangible assets are evaluated for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. If the impairment evaluations for goodwill and intangible assets indicate the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. If in the future we determine that our intangible assets have become impaired, our total assets, financial results, and earnings could be adversely affected.
We depend on our officers. If we are unable to retain our key employees or to attract additional qualified personnel, our product operations and development efforts may be seriously jeopardized.
Our success will be dependent upon the efforts of our management team and staff, including Dennis J. Carlo, Ph.D., our chief executive officer. The employment of Dr. Carlo may be terminated at any time by either us or Dr. Carlo. We currently do not have key person life insurance policies covering any of our executive officers or key employees. If key individuals leave us, we could be adversely affected if suitable replacement personnel are not quickly recruited. There is competition for qualified personnel in all functional areas, which makes it difficult to attract and retain the qualified personnel necessary for the operation of our business. Our success also depends in part on our ability to attract and retain highly qualified scientific, commercial and administrative personnel. If we are unable to attract new employees and retain existing key employees, the development and commercialization of our product candidates could be delayed or negatively impacted.
We may experience difficulties in managing growth.
We are a small company. Future growth will impose significant added responsibilities on members of management, including the need to identify, attract, retain, motivate and integrate highly skilled personnel. We may increase the number of employees in the future depending on the progress of our development of our products and technologies. Our future financial performance and our ability to compete effectively will depend, in part, on our ability to manage any future growth effectively. To that end, we must be able to:
| ● | manage our clinical studies effectively; | |
| ● | integrate additional management, administrative, manufacturing and regulatory personnel; | |
| ● | maintain sufficient administrative, accounting and management information systems and controls; and | |
| ● | hire and train additional qualified personnel. |
We may not be able to accomplish these tasks, and our failure to accomplish any of them could harm our financial results.
There are significant limitations on our ability in the future to utilize any net operating loss carry forwards for federal and state income tax purposes.
At December 31, 2017, we had federal net operating loss carry forwards, or NOLs, of approximately $81 million which, subject to certain limitations, we may use to reduce future taxable income or offset income taxes due. The NOLs will begin to expire in 2027. At December 31, 2017, the NOLs for state purposes were approximately $49 million, which will begin to expire in 2031. Insufficient future taxable income will adversely affect our ability to deploy these NOLs and credit carry forwards. Pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Section 382, the annual use of the NOLs and research and development tax credits could be limited by any greater than 50% ownership change during any three year testing period. Our existing NOLs are subject to limitations arising from previous ownership changes, and if we undergo additional ownership changes, our ability to use our NOLs could be further limited by Section 382 of the Code. As a result of these limitations, we may be materially limited in our ability to utilize our NOLs and credit carryforwards.
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We are subject to certain data privacy and security requirements, which are very complex and difficult to comply with at times. Any failure to ensure adherence to these requirements could subject us to fines and penalties, and damage our reputation.
We are required to comply, as applicable, with numerous federal and state laws, including state security breach notification laws, state health information privacy laws and federal and state consumer protection laws, which govern the collection, use and disclosure of personal information. Other countries also have, or are developing, laws governing the collection, use and transmission of personal information. In addition, most healthcare providers who may prescribe products we may sell in the future and from whom we may obtain patient health information are subject to privacy and security requirements under HIPAA and comparable state laws. These laws could create liability for us or increase our cost of doing business, and any failure to comply could result in harm to our reputation, and potentially fines and penalties.
Our business and operations would suffer in the event of cybersecurity or other system failures. Our business depends on complex information systems, and any failure to successfully maintain these systems or implement new systems to handle our changing needs could materially harm our operations.
In the ordinary course of our business, we collect and store sensitive data, including intellectual property, our proprietary business information and that of our suppliers, as well as personally identifiable information of employees. Similarly, our third-party providers possess certain of our sensitive data. The secure maintenance of this information is material to our operations and business strategy. Despite our security measures, our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or breached due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions. Any such breach could compromise our networks and the information stored there could be accessed, publicly disclosed, lost or stolen. The legislative and regulatory landscape for privacy and data protection continues to evolve, and there has been an increasing amount of focus on privacy and data protection issues with the potential to affect our business, including recently enacted laws in a majority of states requiring security breach notification. Thus, any access, disclosure or other loss of information, including our data being breached at our partners or third-party providers, could result in legal claims or proceedings and liability under laws that protect the privacy of personal information, disrupt our operations, and damage our reputation which could adversely affect our business.
Risks Related to Our Compounding Pharmacy Business
Our Inability to Successfully Manage USC’s Operations Could Adversely Affect Our Operations; Need for Additional Financing.
Our acquisition of USC represented a significant investment. The USC acquisition requires our and USC’s significant attention and resources, which could reduce the likelihood of achievement of other corporate goals. Both we and USC have experienced significant operating losses. As a result, we may need additional financing to help fund USC’s business and satisfy its obligations, which will require additional management time to address. There is no assurance that we will realize the benefits of the USC acquisition that we hope will be achieved.
USC could receive additional Section 483 observations from the FDA, warning letters or other communications from the FDA or state regulatory authorities, and federal or state proceedings alleging non-compliance with FDA requirements and other applicable federal or state regulatory legal requirements could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Outsourced compounding facilities have historically been subject to FDA inspections on an irregular basis and are now subject to FDA inspections on a risk-based schedule in accordance with DQSA Section 503B(b)(4). Observations by the FDA of potentially violative conditions during inspections are required to be reported to facility management at the close of the inspection on FDA Form 483. It is common for such reports to be provided in connection with inspections of compounding outsourcing facilities, and observations may be further followed by Warning Letters and other enforcement actions as the FDA deems warranted. Following the suspension of sterile production and the voluntary recall, state pharmacy regulatory agencies in certain states also initiated inquiries or took other actions regarding sales of USC products in such states, and some of those proceedings are ongoing. Resolution of these proceedings, or any future proceedings by the FDA or state regulatory agencies alleging violation of applicable federal or state laws or regulations, could require significant time and financial resources, and an adverse outcome in one or more of these proceedings could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
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USC resumed production and shipment of CSPs in March - April 2016 following suspension of sterile compounding production during a portion of the second half of 2015 and the first quarter of 2016. Following the facility inspection in 2016, USC received a Form 483 listing inspectional observations, to which it responded, and subsequently received a warning letter to which it has responded. We cannot predict when or if we will receive additional Form 483 observations or other communications from the FDA or state regulatory authorities regarding USC’s compounding outsourcing facility or our CSPs. USC could be subject to additional regulatory action by the FDA and civil or criminal enforcement action by the Department of Justice under the FDCA, Federal False Claims Act, or other applicable statutes, as well as related private actions, as a result of previous, current or future FDA observations. USC’s suppliers and customers may negatively consider the Form 483 observations or Warning Letter issued to us when deciding to award contracts or continue or renew agreements. Other state and federal regulators and agencies may also consider the Form 483 observations and Warning Letter when conducting their own inspections, enforcement actions or approvals, including license renewals. Any such actions could significantly disrupt USC’s business and harm its and our reputation, resulting in a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
USC’s compounded preparations and the pharmacy compounding industry are subject to regulatory and customer scrutiny, which may impair our growth and sales.
USC’s compounded preparations are prepared using active pharmaceutical ingredients and diluents sourced only from suppliers registered with FDA. Formulations prepared and dispensed by compounding pharmacies contain FDA-approved ingredients, but are not themselves approved by the FDA. As a 503B outsourcing facility, USC’s compounded formulations are not subject to the FDA approval process. The drug products available through branded and generic drug companies have been approved for marketing and sale by the FDA and are required to be manufactured in facilities compliant with cGMP standards. In addition, certain compounding pharmacies have been the subject of widespread negative media coverage in recent years, and the actions of these pharmacies have resulted in increased scrutiny of compounding pharmacy activities from the FDA and state governmental agencies. For example, the FDA has in the past requested that a number of compounding pharmacies conduct a recall of all non-expired, purportedly sterile drug products and cease sterile compounding operations due to lack of sterility assurance, and additional compounding pharmacies have suspended sterile production or voluntarily recalled certain sterile compounding products after an FDA inspection of the relevant facilities. As a result, some physicians may be hesitant to prescribe, and some patients may be hesitant to purchase and use, these compounded formulations. Other reasons physicians may be unwilling to prescribe or patients may be unwilling to use USC’s compounded formulations could include the following, among others: applicable law limits our ability to discuss the efficacy or safety of USC’s formulations with potential users to the extent applicable data is available; and our compounded preparations are primarily sold on a cash-pay basis and reimbursement may or may not be available from third-party payors, including the government Medicare and Medicaid programs. Any failure by physicians, patients and/or third-party payors to accept and embrace compounded formulations could substantially limit USC’s market and cause its and our business and operations to suffer. An incident similar to the fungal meningitis outbreak in 2012, which was caused by a compounding pharmacy, could cause USC’s customers to reduce their use of outsourced compounded medications significantly or even stop using outsourced compounded medications altogether. States have in the past enacted, and could in the future enact, regulations prohibiting or restricting the use of outsourcing compounded medication service providers in response to such incidents. Such prohibitions or restrictions on outsourced compounded preparations by states, or reduced customer demand as a result of an incident with compounded medication providers, could have a material adverse effect on USC’s and our business, results of operations and financial condition. In 2017, a lawsuit was filed by a pharmaceutical company, Endo International plc, alleging that FDA has improperly enforced DQSA related to its interim draft guidance on compounding from bulk drug ingredients. In January 2018, FDA and Endo agreed to stay this lawsuit pending FDA releasing new guidance on this topic, anticipated to be in March 2018. This guidance could adversely impact our business and revenues from sales of sterile compounded drug formulation.
We expect increased competition in the future regarding USC’s compounded pharmacy products. If we fail to respond to such competition successfully, USC’s and our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.
The pharmaceutical and pharmacy industries are highly competitive. We compete against other registered outsourcing facilities, branded drug companies, generic drug companies, regional compounders that provide patient-specific compounding that decide to expand to 503B outsourcing, non-patient-specific compounding, large hospitals and integrated delivery networks, other compounding pharmacies, and new entrants to the industry. Increased competition could reduce revenue and gross profit and otherwise materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Many competitors that market and sell compounded preparations have longer operating histories and may have greater financial, marketing and other resources than we do. We are significantly smaller than some of such competitors, and we may lack the financial and other resources needed to develop, produce, distribute, market and commercialize any of USC’s formulations or compete for market share in these sectors. These potential competitors could leverage existing resources and experience operating in industries that are subject to significant regulatory oversight in order to overcome certain barriers to entry. Consequently, competitors may be able to develop products and services competitive with, or superior to, USC’s products and services. Furthermore, we may not be able to differentiate USC’s compounded preparations and services from those of our competitors, successfully develop or introduce new services—on a timely basis or at all—that are less costly than those of our competitors or offer customers payment and other commercial terms as favorable as those offered by our competitors. We expect competition to intensify as technology advances, such as those in the field of robotics and automation, and consolidation continues. Also, new developments by pharmaceutical manufacturers, such as increasing the number of abbreviated new drug applications, to cover less frequently used drug formulations, could render some or most of USC’s products or services obsolete. In addition, the drug products available through branded and generic drug companies with which USC’s formulations compete have been approved for marketing and sale by the FDA and are required to be manufactured in facilities compliant with cGMP standards. USC’s compounded formulations are not required to be, and have not been, approved for marketing and sale by the FDA. As a result, some physicians may be unwilling to prescribe, and some patients may be unwilling to use, USC’s formulations. The DQSA prohibits compounding facilities, both 503A and 503B, from compounding products that are considered "essentially a copy" of approved drug products offered by traditional pharmaceutical manufacturers. In January 2018, FDA published Final Guidance on what it considers to be “essentially a copy” of approved drug products. This policy added the requirement that purchasers and prescribers document on each order and prescription the specific clinical need for the compounded medication. Some purchasers and prescribers may be unwilling to complete this additional documentation resulting in decrease demand for the compounded drug products.
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Our failure to anticipate or appropriately adapt to changes or trends within the pharmaceutical industry could have a significant negative impact on our ability to compete successfully.
The pharmaceutical compounding industry is growing and evolving rapidly. Any significant shifts in the structure of the industry, or the healthcare products and services industry in general, could alter the industry dynamics and adversely affect USC’s ability to attract or retain customers. These changes or trends could result from, among other things, new entrants into the sterile compounding business or regulatory changes. For example, the PPACA was signed into law in 2010, and the DQSA was signed into law in 2013. Each of these laws is expected to have a significant impact on USC’s business and customers, but regulations and guidance implementing each of these laws continue to be proposed and made final. Our failure to anticipate or appropriately adapt to any changes or trends, including those that may result from the implementation of these laws, none of which are within our control, could have a significant negative impact on USC’s competitive position and materially adversely affect USC’s and our business.
If a compounded drug formulation provided through our compounding services leads to patient injury or death or results in a product recall, we may be exposed to significant liabilities and reputational harm.
The production, labeling and packaging of CSPs is inherently risky. The success of USC’s compounded formulations and pharmacy operations depends to a significant extent upon medical and patient perceptions of USC and us and the safety and quality of USC’s products. We could be adversely affected if USC, any other compounding pharmacies or USC’s formulations and technologies, are subject to negative publicity. We could also be adversely affected if any of USC’s formulations or other products, any similar products sold by other companies, or any products sold by other compounding pharmacies, prove to be, or are asserted to be, harmful to patients. There are a number of factors that could result in the injury or death of a patient who receives one of USC’s compounded formulations, including quality issues, manufacturing or labeling flaws, improper packaging or unanticipated or improper uses of the products, any of which could result from human or other error. Any of these situations could lead to a recall of, or safety alert relating to, one or more of USC’s products. Similarly, to the extent any of the components of approved drugs or other ingredients used by USC to produce compounded formulations have quality or other problems that adversely affect the finished compounded preparations, USC’s and our sales could be adversely affected. In addition, in the ordinary course of business, we may voluntarily retrieve products in response to a customer complaint. Because of our dependence upon medical and patient perceptions, any adverse publicity associated with illness or other adverse effects resulting from the use or misuse of USC’s products, any similar products sold by other companies or any other compounded formulations, could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We could become subject to product recalls and termination or suspension of our state pharmacy licenses if laboratory testing does not identify all contaminated products or if our products otherwise cause or appear to have caused injury or harm to patients. In addition, such laboratory testing may produce false positives, which could harm our business and impact our pharmacy operations even if the impacted formulations are ultimately found to be sterile and no patients are harmed by them. If adverse events or deaths or a product recall, either voluntarily or as required by the FDA or a state board of pharmacy, were associated with one of USC’s formulations or compounds, USC’s and our reputation could suffer, physicians may be unwilling to prescribe USC’s products or order any prescriptions from such pharmacies, we could become subject to product and professional liability lawsuits, and USC’s or our state pharmacy or other required licenses could be terminated or restricted.
Any retrieval or recall, whether voluntary or requested by the FDA or state regulatory authorities, could result in significant costs and lead to product withdrawals and harm USC’s or our ability to successfully launch new products and services. These problems could also result in enforcement actions by state and federal authorities or other healthcare self-regulatory bodies, or product liability claims or lawsuits, including those brought by individuals or groups seeking to represent a class or establish multi-district litigation proceedings. Any such action, litigation, recall or reputational harm, even recalls or negative publicity resulting from patient harm or death caused by compounded medications prepared by a competitor or a hospital pharmacy, could result in a material adverse effect on USC’s and our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity. Current or future insurance coverage may prove insufficient to cover any liability claims brought against USC or us. Because of the increasing cost of insurance coverage, we may not be able to maintain insurance coverage at a reasonable cost or obtain insurance coverage that will be adequate to satisfy any liability that may arise.
USC’s ability to generate revenues will be diminished if it fails to obtain acceptable prices.
Currently, USC is paid directly by most of its customers and does not submit large amounts of claims for reimbursement through Medicare, Medicaid or other third-party payors, although its customers may choose to seek available reimbursement opportunities to the extent that they exist. USC works with third-party insurers, pharmacy benefit managers and buying groups to advocate that patient-specific customizable compounded formulations be available to patients at accessible prices. We plan to continue to devote time and other resources to seek reimbursement for compounded formulations. However, we may be unsuccessful in achieving these goals, as many third-party payors have imposed significant restrictions on reimbursement for compounded formulations in recent years. Moreover, third-party payors, including Medicare, are increasingly attempting to contain health care costs by limiting coverage and the level of reimbursement for new drugs and by refusing, in some cases, to provide coverage for uses of approved products for disease indications for which the FDA has not granted labeling approval. The continued efforts of health maintenance organizations, managed care organizations, government programs (such as Medicare, Medicaid and other federal and state-funded programs) and other third party payors to limit reimbursements to USC’s customers may adversely impact our financial results. Further, HIPAA and the Health Reform Law may have a considerable impact on the existing U.S. system for the delivery and financing of health care and could conceivably adversely affect USC’s business. As a result, reimbursement from Medicare, Medicaid and other third party payors may cease to be available for USC’s products or may not be sufficient to allow USC to sell products on a competitive basis and at desirable price points. If government and other third party payors do not provide adequate coverage and reimbursement levels for USC’s formulations, the market acceptance for USC’s formulations may be limited. We expect cost pressures from third party payors to continue, and USC’s customers have limited bargaining power to counter payor demands for reduced reimbursement rates. If USC’s customers increasingly insource pharmaceutical preparations or use alternative third party providers due to these pressures, USC’s and our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially adversely impacted.
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Consolidation in the health care industry could lead to demands for price concessions, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Because health care costs have risen significantly, numerous initiatives and reforms by legislatures, regulators and third party payors to curb these cost increases have resulted in a trend in the health care industry to consolidate product suppliers and purchasers. Many healthcare industry participants are consolidating to create integrated healthcare delivery systems with significant market power, and we expect this trend to continue. As provider networks consolidate, thereby decreasing the number of market participants, competition to provide products and services such as those offered by USC will become more intense, and the importance of establishing relationships with key industry participants will become greater. In addition, industry participants may try to use their increased market power to negotiate price reductions for USC’s products and services. If we are forced to reduce prices as a result of either an imbalance of market power or decreased demand for USC’s products, our business, financial conditions and results of operations would be adversely affected.
If we are unable to maintain our GPO relationships, our revenue could decline.
USC currently derives, and expects to continue to derive, a significant portion of its revenue from end-user customers that are members of group purchasing organizations, or GPOs. USC is also a member of one or more GPOs. GPOs negotiate pricing arrangements that are then made available to a GPO’s affiliated hospitals and other members. GPOs provide end-users access to a broad range of pharmaceutical products and services from multiple suppliers at competitive prices and, in certain cases, exercise influence over the purchasing decisions of such end-users. Hospitals and other end-users contract with the GPO of their choice for their purchasing needs in an effort to lower costs. Maintaining USC’s contractual relationships with GPOs will, we believe, help allow USC to continue to provide outsourced compounded formulations, offer a broad product line, and remain price competitive, and failure to maintain such relationships could adversely affect USC’s ability to obtain supplies at competitive prices. The GPOs with which USC currently has contractual relationships, or other GPS, may have relationships with USC’s customers, and as such the GPOs may influence the customers’ buying patterns regarding USC’s products or those of our competitors. If we are unable to maintain USC’s relationships with GPOs, USC’s and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
USC relies on third parties to provide active pharmaceutical ingredients and components. If these third parties do not deliver as expected, if USC’s agreements with them terminate or if the FDA prohibits use of these active pharmaceutical ingredients, USC’s and our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.
USC has contractual relationships with pharmaceutical manufacturers and other suppliers of active pharmaceutical ingredients and containers. Any changes to these relationships, including, but not limited to, a loss of a supplier relationship, product shortages or changes in pricing, could have an adverse effect on USC’s and our business, financial condition and results of operations.
USC’s business depends to a significant extent on the reliable delivery of drugs from its key suppliers, some of which provide favorable terms in exchange for USC’s or our commitment to purchase minimum volumes of, or in some cases all of USC’s needs for, one or more drugs. We strive to identify and maintain relationships with more than one source for active pharmaceutical ingredients and containers used in USC’s CSPs. If a drug for which we have not qualified an alternative source becomes unavailable, we may not be able to identify and qualify a replacement supplier or may suffer a delay in doing so, which could adversely affect USC’s and our revenues. Further, we may not receive the same pricing from an alternative supplier. A price increase resulting from using alternative suppliers or due to a shortage of a particular drug, a manufacturer gaining an exclusive right to market and sell a given drug, or any other reason could make USC’s compounded preparations containing that drug more expensive, and therefore potentially less attractive, to USC’s customers. In addition, active pharmaceutical ingredients and containers that we purchase may not always be available in sufficient quantities to meet USC’s needs and the needs of USC’s customers. Some pharmaceutical ingredients are only available through a single supplier and may be subject to limits on distribution. Additionally, some of the containers that USC uses in its compounded preparations are particular to a supplier, and USC’s customers may use a drug delivery system of a particular supplier. Therefore, if there is a shortage or interruption in the supply of a certain supplier’s containers, USC may not be able to sell compounded preparations in alternative containers to certain of its customers. USC regularly searches for and qualifies backup vendors for ingredients and components to improve supply chain security and business continuity. In addition, there is a risk that one or more suppliers could be acquired by another company that owns registered 503B outsourced compounding facilities, in which case we could be required to purchase ingredients or containers from a competitor, which could harm our business.
The FDA issued a statement in January 2018 that indicated it intended to publish updated guidance on compounding from bulk active pharmaceutical ingredients. A substantial majority of USC’s compounded drug products are made from active pharmaceutical ingredients, and if the updated policy diminishes USC’s ability to continue to use these materials there could be an adverse effect on our ability to produce compounded drug products. USC could be required to change to utilizing approved drug products to produce its compounds, leading to increases in materials costs and decreases in production efficiency. Additionally, as the updated policy will impact all 503(B) outsourcing facilities, there is potential for supply chain shortages of the approved drug products.
USC experiences supply interruptions and shortages from time to time. USC retains inventory of drug components and containers in order to help provide our customers continuity of service, but its inventory may not be sufficient. If a supply disruption results in the inability to obtain compounding components, USC’s and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
USC’s reliance on suppliers also exposes USC and us to risks that are not within our control, including the following:
| ● | USC relies on suppliers to provide it with drugs, diluents and containers of an acceptable quality in a timely fashion. Any quality issues, recalls, or supply delay or interruption could harm USC's ability to sell products and may subject USC or us to product liability claims. | |
| ● | USC’s suppliers’ facilities must satisfy production and quality standards set by the FDA and other regulatory authorities that periodically inspect facilities to determine compliance. If our suppliers fail to satisfy these requirements, their facilities could be shut down permanently or for an extended period of time. | |
| ● | USC’s suppliers may not be able to produce the volume that USC requires or may experience disruptions or delays due to market conditions, natural disasters, labor-related disruptions, failure in supply or other logistical channels or other reasons. | |
| ● | A supplier could decide to terminate its contract or supply arrangement with USC due to a disagreement with USC or us. |
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Each of these risks could delay the production of USC’s products or result in higher costs or deprive USC and us of potential revenues. Further, delays or interruptions in supply could limit or curtail USC’s ability to meet customer demand for its CSPs. Any such delay or interruption could harm USC’s reputation as a provider of outsourced CSPs, cause USC’s customers to find alternative sources for CSPs or reduce their use of outsourced CSPs, any of which could have a material adverse effect on USC’s and our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
A disruption in USC’s operations, including as a result of cybersecurity or other system failures, or the delivery of compounded preparations to customers could damage relations with customers.
USC’s success depends upon its ability to provide timely, reliable and consistent services and products to its customers. Natural disasters or other catastrophic events, including tornadoes, hurricanes, blizzards and other weather conditions, terrorist attacks, power and data interruptions, fires as well as logistical or delivery disruptions could disrupt USC’s or its suppliers’ and vendors’ operations and impede USC’s ability to provide services and deliver products to customers, which could adversely impact USC’s and our results of operations. For example, USC’s CSPs have expiration dates, and USC’s compounded preparations must remain under specified storage conditions, including some items that must remain refrigerated or frozen or those that are sensitive to excessive heat. Any disruption or delay in delivery may cause spoilage and the need to retrieve and replace products. In the event that USC experiences a temporary or longer term interruption in its ability to deliver services or products, USC’s and our revenues could be reduced, USC’s reputation could be damaged and USC’s and our business could be materially and adversely affected. For example, USC’s suspension of sterile product production during portions of the second half of 2015 and the first quarter of 2016 adversely affected its relationships with some of its customers and sales personnel, and resulted in revenues in 2016 that were below our expectations. In addition, any continuing disruption in either USC’s or our computer systems or telephone system could adversely affect USC’s or our ability to receive and process customer orders and ship products on a timely basis, and could adversely affect USC’s or our relations with customers, potentially resulting in reduction in orders or loss of customers.
We have incurred significant indebtedness, which will require substantial cash to service and which subjects us to certain financial requirements and business restrictions.
As we have previously disclosed in our SEC filings, in connection with our acquisition of USC and the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement relating to the USC acquisition, we assumed approximately $5,722,000 principal amount of debt obligations under two loan agreements and related loan documents relating to the building, real property and equipment that certain third parties agreed to transfer to the Company or USC in connection with the merger, as well as the two loan agreements to which USC is a party, a working capital loan and an equipment loan, and related loan documents evidencing loans previously made to USC, and we agreed to become an additional co-borrower under the Loan Documents. The lender in all of the USC Loan Documents was First Federal Bank and/or its successor Bear State Bank, referred to as Lender or the Bank. In November 2016, we entered into amendments of these loan agreements with the Bank. Pursuant to the assumed amended loans are required to make current periodic interest and principal payments under the Amended Loan Documents, in an amount of approximately $57,000 per month; the amount of required interest payments is subject to change depending on future changes in interest rates. We also entered into a loan and security agreement with the Lender, referred to as the Adamis Working Capital Line, pursuant to which we may borrow up to an aggregate of $2,000,000 to provide working capital to USC, subject to the terms and conditions of the loan agreement. Interest on amounts borrowed under the Adamis Working Capital Line accrues at a rate equal to the prime interest rate, as defined in the agreement. Interest payments are required to be made quarterly. As amended effective March 31, 2017, the entire outstanding principal balance, and all accrued and unpaid interest and all other sums payable pursuant to our loan agreement with the Bank, are due and payable on March 1, 2018, or sooner upon the occurrence of certain events as provided in the loan agreement and related documents. In March 2018, we agreed with the lender to extend the maturity date of this loan to June 1, 2018. Our obligations under the Adamis Working Capital Line are secured by certain collateral, including without limitation our interest in amounts that we have loaned to USC; a warrant that we issued to the Lender to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price equal to par value per share, only exercisable by Lender if we are in default under the loan documents and if the Lender delivers a notice to us and we do not cure the default within the applicable cure period; and our Certificate of Deposit ("CD") with the Lender of approximately $1,000,000. Further, if at any time before the repayment of the loan, the value of the sum of (i) the amount of the funds in the CD, plus (ii) the product of: (A) the number of unexercised shares under the warrant multiplied by (B) the value of our common stock, falls below the product of (Y) 1.5 multiplied by (Z) the outstanding principal balance of the note evidencing the Adamis Working Capital Line, then following delivery of a notice from the Bank to us, we will either: (1) amend the warrant or provide an additional warrant to provide Lender with rights to purchase additional shares of common stock; or (2) reduce the principal balance of the note to bring us in compliance with the requirements set forth above, and failure to comply with this requirement after notice from Lender is an event of default under the loan documents.
The Amended Loan Documents agreement with the Bank include a variety of representations, warranties and covenants that we are required to comply with. If we do not comply with the provisions of such agreements and documents and the Bank declares an event of default, the Bank would be entitled to accelerate the maturity date of the loans, the principal and accrued interest would become due and payable, and the Bank could elect to exercise its remedies as a secured creditor under the loan documents and applicable law.
Our ability to make scheduled payments on our indebtedness depends on our future performance and ability to raise additional capital if required, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors, some of which are beyond our control. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash to service our debt, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as selling assets, attempting to restructure our debt or obtaining additional capital through sales of equity or incurrence of additional debt on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive to our stockholders. Our ability to engage in any of these activities would depend on the capital markets and our financial condition at such time, and we may not be able to do so when needed, on desirable terms or at all, which could result in a default on our debt obligations. Additionally, the Amended Loan Documents contain various restrictive covenants, including, among others, our obligation to deliver to the Bank certain financial and other information, our obligation to comply with certain notice and insurance requirements, and our inability, without the Bank’s prior consent, to dispose of certain of our assets, incur certain additional indebtedness, enter into certain merger, acquisition or change of control transactions, pay certain dividends or distributions on or make certain repurchases of our capital stock or incur any lien or other encumbrance on our assets, subject to certain permitted exceptions. Any failure by us to comply with any of these covenants, subject to certain cure periods, or to make all payments under the debt instruments when due, would cause us to be in default under the applicable debt instrument. In the event of any such default, the Bank may be able to foreclose on the assets that secure the debt or declare all borrowed funds, together with accrued and unpaid interest, immediately due and payable, thereby potentially causing all of our available cash to be used to pay our indebtedness or forcing us into bankruptcy or liquidation if we do not then have sufficient cash available. Any such event or occurrence could severely and negatively impact our business, financial conditions or results of operations.
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If we fail to comply with the rules under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 related to disclosure controls and procedures, or, if we discover material weaknesses and other deficiencies in our internal controls over financial reporting, our stock price could decline and raising capital could be more difficult.
If we fail to comply with the rules under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 related to disclosure controls and procedures, or, if we discover material weaknesses and other deficiencies in our internal control and accounting procedures, our stock price could decline significantly and raising capital could be more difficult. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires annual management assessments of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. If material weaknesses or significant deficiencies are discovered or if we otherwise fail to achieve and maintain the adequacy of our internal control, we may not be able to ensure that we can conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal controls over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Moreover, effective internal controls are necessary for us to produce reliable financial reports and are important to helping prevent financial fraud. If we cannot provide reliable financial reports or prevent fraud, our business and operating results could be harmed, investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information, and the trading price of our common stock could drop significantly.
Prior to its acquisition by us, USC was a private company and has not previously been subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the rules and regulations of the SEC or other corporate governance requirements.
USC was a private company, and prior to its acquisition by us in April 2016 has not been subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the rules and regulations of the SEC, or other corporate governance requirements to which public reporting companies may be subject. As a result, we are required to implement the appropriate internal control processes and procedures over USC’s financial accounting and reporting. The combined company may incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses in efforts to ensure that USC meets these requirements. Implementing the controls and procedures at USC that are required to comply with the various applicable laws and regulations may place a significant burden on our management and internal resources. The diversion of management’s attention and any difficulties encountered in such an implementation could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
If we are unable to maintain an effective sales and marketing infrastructure, USC’s success in selling products will be inhibited.
If USC’s sales increase in the future, it may need to expend significant resources to further grow its sales and marketing employees and internal infrastructure and properly train sales personnel, including without limitation with respect to regulatory compliance matters. We may also choose to engage or enter into other arrangements with third parties to provide sales and marketing services for USC. We may not be able to secure sales personnel or relationships that are adequate in number or expertise to successfully market and sell USC’s products and services. A failure to maintain compliant and adequate sales and marketing capabilities could have a material adverse effect on USC’s and our business, financial conditions and results of operations.
USC’s formulations and technologies could potentially conflict with the rights of others.
The preparation or sale of USC’s formulations and use of USC’s technologies may infringe on the patent or other intellectual property rights of others. If USC’s products infringe or conflict with the patent or other intellectual property rights of others, third parties could bring legal actions against us claiming damages and seeking to enjoin our manufacturing and marketing of the affected products. Patent litigation is costly and time consuming and may divert management’s attention and our resources. We may not have sufficient resources to bring any such actions to a successful conclusion. If we are not successful in defending against these legal actions should they arise, we may be subject to monetary liability or be forced to alter our products, cease some or all of our operations relating to the affected products, or seek to obtain a license in order to continue manufacturing and marketing the affected products, which may not available on acceptable terms or at all. The lawsuit filed against FDA by Endo in 2017 and the suits filed by Allergan against a number of compounding facilities indicate the traditional pharmaceutical manufacturing industry is aggressively defending its patent and intellectual property rights as they perceive them. This trend could progress to include some of USC’s compounded drug product formulations, resulting in legal expenses and potential product discontinuation.
Risks Related to Regulation
Our business is significantly impacted by state and federal statutes and regulations, including regulatory risks associated with operation of USC’s 503B registered outsourcing facility.
The marketing and sale of compounded formulations is subject to and must comply with extensive and evolving state and federal statutes and regulations governing compounding pharmacies. These statutes and regulations include, among other things, for certain kinds of compounding pharmacies restrictions on compounding for office use or in advance of receiving a patient-specific prescription or, for outsourcing facilities registered under Section 503B of the FDCA such as USC’s registered outsourcing facility, requirements regarding preparation, such as regular FDA inspections and cGMP requirements, prohibitions on compounding drugs that are essentially copies of FDA-approved drugs, limitations on the volume of compounded formulations that may be sold across state lines, and prohibitions on wholesaling or reselling. These and other restrictions on the activities of compounding pharmacies and outsourcing facilities may limit the market available for compounded formulations, as compared to the market available for FDA-approved drugs.
USC’s pharmacy business is impacted by federal and state laws and regulations governing, among other things: the purchase, distribution, management, compounding, dispensing, reimbursement, marketing and labeling of prescription drugs and related services; FDA and/or state regulation affecting the pharmacy and pharmaceutical industries, including state pharmacy, manufacturer, wholesaler and distribution licensure and registration or permit standards; rules and regulations issued pursuant to HIPAA, and other state and federal laws related to the use, disclosure and transmission of health information; and state and federal controlled substance laws. USC’s or our failure to comply with any of these laws and regulations could severely limit or curtail USC’s or our pharmacy operations, which could materially harm USC’s and our business, financial conditions and results of operations. Further, our business could be adversely affected by changes in these or any newly enacted laws and regulations, as well as federal and state agency interpretations of such statutes and regulations. We could incur significant costs in order to comply with such regulations.
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We are subject to significant costs and uncertainties related to compliance with the extensive regulations that govern the compounding, labeling and distribution of pharmaceutical products and services, in general, and compounded formulations, in particular. If our compounding facility fails to comply with the Controlled Substances Act, FDCA, or state statutes and regulations, USC could be required to cease operations or become subject to restrictions that could adversely affect our business.
The production, distribution, processing, formulation, packaging and labeling of pharmaceutical products and services such as USC’s compounded formulations are subject to extensive regulation by federal agencies, including the FDA and the DEA. We and USC are also subject to a significant number of state and local laws and regulations. Compliance with these federal, state and local laws and regulations, including compliance with any newly enacted regulations, requires the substantial expenditure of time, money and effort. Failure to comply with FDA requirements and other federal or state governmental laws and regulations can result in fines, disgorgement, unanticipated compliance expenditures, recall or seizure of products, exposure to product liability claims, total or partial suspension of production or distribution, enforcement actions, injunctions and civil or criminal prosecution, any of which could have a material adverse effect on USC’s and our business, financial condition or results of operations. Further, the publicity of any violations or perceived violations of these laws and regulations could result in significant reputational harm to USC’s or our business.
The federal, state and local laws and regulations applicable to the pharmaceutical and compounding industries are subject to frequent change, whether through change in law or through interpretation. Changes in these laws and regulations may require changes to USC’s or our business and operations that may be difficult to implement and require significant expenditures. For example, as a result of the increased scrutiny resulting from the 2012 meningitis outbreak that was traced to a Massachusetts compounding pharmacy, in 2013 the U.S. Congress passed the DQSA, which sets forth new standards applicable to outsourcing facilities such as USC’s and invites voluntary registration with the FDA. The DQSA also permits states to continue to impose separate regulatory requirements. Under the DQSA, USC has registered with the FDA as a Section 503B outsourcing facility and has implemented policies and procedures that are intended to achieve compliance with the DQSA requirements for such facilities. However, there can be no assurance that we or USC are fully compliant with these requirements, and any failure to comply may result in additional costs to bring such facilities into compliance. Moreover, the FDA continues to issue draft and final guidance under the DQSA, including those relating to cGMPs, which may require further changes to USC’s business, facilities or processes, some of which may be significant.
State legislatures and regulatory authorities also reacted to the fungal meningitis outbreak by imposing additional regulatory requirements on compounding activities for outsourcing compounders and reminding outsourcing compounders of regulatory requirements already in effect. Since 2012, the FDA has convened a number of inter-governmental working meetings with government officials from each state, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, to discuss topics such as oversight of compounding, including the implementation of the DQSA, and opportunities to better protect public health by strengthening oversight of compounders through improved collaboration between the FDA and the states. As a result of such meetings, the FDA and the states committed, among other things, to enhance inter-agency communication surrounding the implementation of the DQSA, which may lead to additional guidance or regulation in the future. If federal, state or local regulatory authorities place new restrictions or limitations on USC’s or our operations, USC’s or our business, financial conditions or results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
State pharmacy laws require facilities dispensing or distributing into that state to be licensed accordingly, and many states require separate licenses for the various activities that USC performs. Various state pharmacy boards have enacted laws and/or adopted rules or regulations directed at restricting the operation of out-of-state pharmacies by, among other things, requiring compliance with all laws of the states into which the out-of-state pharmacy dispenses medications, whether or not those laws conflict with the laws of the state in which the pharmacy is located, or requiring the pharmacist-in-charge to be licensed in that state.
Pharmacy and controlled substance laws often address the qualification of an applicant’s personnel, the adequacy of its prescription fulfillment and inventory control practices and the adequacy of its facilities, and subject pharmacies to oversight by state boards of pharmacy and other regulators that could impose burdensome requirements or restrictions on operations if a pharmacy is found not to comply with these laws. If our or USC’s activities fail to comply with such requirements, we could be forced to permanently or temporarily cease or limit the applicable compounding operations, which could severely limit USC’s ability to market and sell formulations in such states and could materially harm USC’s and our business, financial condition and results of operations. Any such noncompliance could also result in complaints or adverse actions by other state boards of pharmacy, FDA inspection of the facility to determine compliance with the FDCA, loss of FDCA exemptions provided under Section 503A or 503B, warning letters, injunctions, prosecution, fines and loss of required government licenses, certifications and approvals, any of which could involve significant costs and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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Further, the FDA seeks to limit, under Section 503A of the FDCA, the amount of compounded products that a pharmacy not registered as an outsourcing facility under Section 503B of the FDCA can dispense interstate. The interpretation and enforcement of this provision is dependent on the FDA entering into a standard Memorandum of Understanding (“MOU”) with each state setting forth limits on interstate compounding. The draft standard MOU presented by the FDA in February 2015 would limit interstate shipments of compounded drug units to 30% of all compounded and non-compounded units dispensed or distributed by the pharmacy per month, with the excess considered by the FDA as an “inordinate amount.” The FDA stated in guidance issued in February 2015 that it would not enforce interstate restrictions until after it published a final standard MOU and made it available to states for signature for some designated period of time. If the final standard MOU was released but not signed by a particular state, then interstate shipments of compounded preparations from a pharmacy located in that state and not registered as an outsourcing facility would be limited to quantities not greater than 5% of total prescription orders dispensed or distributed by the pharmacy (the 5% rule); however, we are not aware that the FDA currently enforces or has in the past enforced the 5% rule and, under current draft guidance, the FDA has stated that it would not enforce the 5% rule until a standard MOU has been made available to states for signature. The FDA originally proposed a 180-day period for states to agree to a final MOU after the final version was presented, after which it would begin to enforce the 5% rule. In January 2018, the FDA released a “2018 Compounding Policy Priorities Plan” (the “2018 Compounding Plan”) which provided an overview of the key priorities the FDA plans to focus on in 2018 in connection with compounding regulations. One of the priorities outlined in the 2018 Compounding Plan addressed the current status of the MOU and the FDA’s plan to release a revised MOU (the “Revised MOU”). Pursuant to statements made by the FDA in the 2018 Compounding Plan, the Revised MOU would consider amounts shipped interstate by a compounder to be inordinate amounts if the “number of prescriptions of compounded drugs distributed interstate during any calendar month is greater than 50 percent.” Instead of that number serving as a “hard limit, for state action,” the 50% target would trigger certain additional reporting requirements. The FDA indicated that the Revised MOU would also provide states more time to report to the FDA, and flexibility on identifying when amounts are inordinate, considering the size and scope of compounding operations. Until the Revised MOU is issued and presented to states to consider, the extent of interstate dispensing restrictions imposed by Section 503A is unknown. However, if the final Revised MOU contains a 50% limit on interstate distribution, dependent on the additional reporting requirements to be outlined in the Revised MOU, certain aspects of our pharmacy operations could be limited.
In the future, we may not be able to satisfy applicable federal and state licensing and other requirements for USC’s pharmacy business in a timely manner or at all, changes to federal and state pharmacy regulations may restrict compounding operations or make them more costly, we may be unable to achieve a sufficient physician and patient customer base to sustain our pharmacy operations, or market acceptance of compounding pharmacies generally may be curtailed or delayed.
We must compound in conformity with applicable cGMP requirements; failure to maintain compliance with applicable cGMP requirements may prevent or delay the compounding or marketing of our compounded preparations.
USC’s 503B outsourcing facility operations must continually adhere to (i) applicable cGMP requirements, which are issued and enforced by the FDA through regulations and guidance and interpreted and enforced through its inspection programs, and (ii) sterile product requirements under applicable state law, such as General Chapter <797> (“USP <797>“), published by the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) Convention, a scientific standard-setting organization, which have been codified in many states and which have historically been enforced by applicable state boards of pharmacy through inspection programs but are also enforceable by the FDA. In complying with applicable cGMPs and USP <797>, we must expend time, money and effort in production, record-keeping and quality control to ensure that USC’s products and services meet applicable specifications and requirements. In July 2014, the FDA issued draft guidance for cGMPs for human drug compounding outsourcing facilities, such as USC’s. Because this cGMP draft guidance has not been finalized and may be significantly changed prior to being made final, we may need to expend substantial additional resources to comply with the final applicable cGMPs, along with any additional modifications over time.
The FDA and other governmental entities enforce compliance with regulations and guidance through periodic risk-based inspections. We received FDA Form 483 observations following inspections in 2014, 2015 and 2016. If any of these entities were to deem inspectional observations at USC’s facilities or our responses to such observations to be unsatisfactory, operations at such facility could be interrupted or halted, and we may incur unanticipated compliance expenditures and be subject to enforcement actions such as recall or seizure of USC products, injunctions, civil penalties and criminal prosecution. In addition, any regulatory deficiencies or suspension resulting in compounding interruptions or halts may disrupt USC’s or our ability to meet our production and contractual obligations to USC’s customers and lead to significant delays in the availability of USC’s compounded preparations, which could have a material adverse effect on USC’s and our business, results of operations and financial condition. Similarly, any adverse publicity associated with any such events could have a material impact on USC’s and our reputation and results of operations.
Certain of USC’s customers are contractually permitted to inspect USC’s facilities to ensure compliance with industry standards. The failure to achieve a compliance level satisfactory to such customers may result in immediate contract termination, penalties or volume reductions or loss of customers immediately or upon the expiration of existing contracts.
Certain of USC’s compounded preparations contain controlled substances, and extensive regulation of such controlled substances could have a negative effect on our business, financial conditions or results of operations.
Certain of USC’s compounded preparations contain controlled substances or “listed chemicals,” which are subject to extensive regulation by the DEA regarding procurement, manufacture, storage, shipment, sale and use. These regulations are also imposed on USC and its suppliers, vendors and customers and add additional complications and costs to the storage, use, sale and distribution of such products. Government quotas on controlled substances limit the supply of components for certain of USC’s compounded preparations and restrict the ability to distribute those preparations. Our inability to obtain authorization from the DEA to procure controlled substances used in USC’s compounded preparations could have an adverse impact on USC’s and our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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The FDA and the DEA review the safety of controlled substances on an ongoing basis, and it is possible that these regulatory agencies could impose additional restrictions on marketing or distribution of such products or services, or could withdraw regulatory approval for materials that USC uses as components in its products or services. Failure to comply with relevant regulations governing controlled substances could result in civil penalties, refusal to renew necessary registrations, initiation of proceedings to revoke such registrations, reductions of the amounts of controlled substances that USC may obtain and, in certain circumstances, criminal prosecution. If the FDA or the DEA withdraw the approval of, or placed additional significant restrictions on, USC’s products or the components used in them, sales of USC products and the ability to promote USC products and services could be materially and adversely affected. Also, the DEA or applicable state regulatory bodies may in the future seek to regulate additional ingredients in USC’s compounded preparations as controlled substances or listed chemicals.
USC and its customers are subject to a variety of federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the general healthcare industry, which are subject to frequent change.
Participants in the healthcare industry, including USC and its suppliers and customers, are subject to a variety of federal, state and local laws and regulations. Laws and regulations in the healthcare industry are extremely complex and, in many instances, industry participants do not have the benefit of significant regulatory or judicial interpretation. Though certain of these healthcare laws and regulations are not directly applicable to USC or us, they may be applicable to USC’s customers, third-party vendors and other supply chain partners. For example, the PPACA was enacted in 2010, and many of the structural changes enacted by the PPACA were implemented in 2014. However, some of the applicable regulations and sub-regulatory guidance under the PPACA have not yet been issued or finalized. These reforms affect the coverage and plan designs that are or will be provided by many of USC’s customers’ third party payors. As a result, such reforms could affect the ability of our USC’s to purchase USC products or services and, as a result, adversely impact our revenues. We cannot predict what effect, if any, the PPACA, related regulations and sub-regulatory guidance may have on USC’s or our business.
In addition, we are subject to the federal anti-kickback statute, which prohibits the knowing and willful offer, payment, solicitation or receipt of any form of remuneration in return for, or to induce, the referral of business or ordering of services paid for by Medicare or other federal programs. Violations of the anti-kickback statute can result in imprisonment, civil or criminal fines. Any violation or alleged violation of such federal or state laws could harm USC’s or our reputation, customer relationships or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Such laws and regulations are subject to change and often are uncertain in their application. As controversies continue to arise in the healthcare industry, federal, state and local regulation and enforcement priorities may increase. There can be no assurance that USC, or one of its customers, third party vendors or other supply chain partners, will not be subject to scrutiny or challenge under one or more of these laws or regulations or that any such challenge would not be successful. Any such challenge, whether or not successful, could adversely affect USC’s or our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Changes in the healthcare industry that are beyond our control may have an adverse impact on our business.
The healthcare industry is changing rapidly as consumers, governments, medical professionals and the pharmaceutical industry examine ways to broaden medical coverage while controlling the increase in healthcare costs. Such changes could include changes to make the government’s Medicare reimbursement programs more restrictive, which could limit or curtail the potential for USC’s formulations to obtain eligibility for reimbursement from such payors, or changes to expand the reach of HIPAA or other health privacy laws, which could make compliance with these laws more costly and burdensome. Further, the Health Reform Law may have a considerable impact on the existing U.S. system for the delivery and financing of health care and could adversely affect USC’s or our business. Any changes to laws and regulations affecting the healthcare industry could impose significant additional costs on USC’s and our operations in order to maintain compliance or could otherwise negatively affect USC’s or our business, financial conditions or results of operations.
Risks Related to Our Common Stock
Provisions of our charter documents could discourage an acquisition of our company that would benefit our stockholders and may have the effect of entrenching, and making it difficult to remove, management.
Provisions of our restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws may make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of us, even if a change of control would benefit our stockholders. For example, shares of our preferred stock may be issued in the future without further stockholder approval, and upon such terms and conditions, and having such rights, privileges and preferences, as our board of directors may determine, including, for example, rights to convert into our common stock. The rights of the holders of our common stock will be subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of any of our preferred stock that may be issued in the future. The issuance of our preferred stock could have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of us. This could limit the price that certain investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock and discourage those investors from acquiring a majority of our common stock. Similarly, our bylaws require that any stockholder proposals or nominations for election to our board of directors must meet specific advance notice requirements and procedures, which make it more difficult for our stockholders to make proposals or director nominations. The existence of these charter provisions could have the effect of entrenching management and making it more difficult to change our management. Furthermore, because we are incorporated in Delaware, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. These provisions may prohibit or restrict large stockholders, in particular those owning 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock, from merging or combining with us, unless one or more exemptions from such provisions apply. These provisions under Delaware law could discourage potential takeover attempts and could reduce the price that investors might be willing to pay for shares of our common stock in the future.
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The price of our common stock may be volatile.
The market price of our common stock may fluctuate substantially. For example, from January 2016 to December 31, 2017, the market price of our common stock has fluctuated between $2.50 and $10.12. Market prices for securities of early-stage pharmaceutical, biotechnology and other life sciences companies have historically been particularly volatile. Some of the factors that may cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate include:
| ● | relatively low trading volume, which can result in significant volatility in the market price of our common stock based on a relatively smaller number of trades and dollar amount of transactions; | |
| ● | the timing and results of our current and any future preclinical or clinical trials of our product candidates; | |
| ● | the entry into or termination of key agreements, including, among others, key collaboration and license agreements; | |
| ● | the results and timing of regulatory reviews relating to the approval of our product candidates; | |
| ● | the timing of, or delay in the timing of, commercial introduction of any of our product; | |
| ● | the initiation of, material developments in, or conclusion of, litigation to enforce or defend any of our intellectual property rights; | |
| ● | failure of any of our product candidates, if approved, to achieve commercial success; | |
| ● | general and industry-specific economic conditions that may affect our research and development expenditures; | |
| ● | the results of clinical trials conducted by others on products that would compete with our product candidates; | |
| ● | issues in manufacturing our product candidates or any approved products; | |
| ● | the loss of key employees; | |
| ● | the introduction of technological innovations or new commercial products by our competitors; | |
| ● | changes in estimates or recommendations by securities analysts, if any, who cover our common stock; | |
| ● | future sales of our common stock; | |
| ● | period-to-period fluctuations in our financial results; | |
| ● | publicity or announcements regarding regulatory developments relating to our products; | |
| ● | period-to-period fluctuations in our financial results, including our cash and cash equivalents balance, operating expenses, cash burn rate or revenue levels; | |
| ● | common stock sales in the public market by one or more of our larger stockholders, officers or directors; | |
| ● | our filing for protection under federal bankruptcy laws; | |
| ● | a negative outcome in any litigation or potential legal proceeding; or | |
| ● | other potentially negative financial announcements, such as a review of any of our filings by the SEC, changes in accounting treatment or restatement of previously reported financial results or delays in our filings with the SEC. |
The stock markets in general have experienced substantial volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of individual companies. These broad market fluctuations may also adversely affect the trading price of our common stock. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, stockholders have often instituted class action securities litigation against those companies. Such litigation, if instituted, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management attention and resources, which could significantly harm our profitability and reputation.
Trading of our common stock is limited.
Trading of our common stock is limited, and trading restrictions imposed on us by applicable regulations may further reduce our trading, making it difficult for our stockholders to sell their shares.
Prior to the listing of our common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market, trading of our common stock was conducted on the OTCQB. The liquidity of our common stock is limited, not only in terms of the number of shares that can be bought and sold at a given price, but also as it may be adversely affected by delays in the timing of transactions and reduction in security analysts’ and the media’s coverage of us, if at all.
The foregoing factors may result in lower prices for our common stock than might otherwise be obtained and could also result in a larger spread between the bid and asked prices for our common stock. In addition, without a large public float, our common stock is less liquid than the stock of companies with broader public ownership, and as a result, the trading price of our common stock may be more volatile. In the absence of an active public trading market, an investor may be unable to liquidate his or her investment in our common stock. Trading of a relatively small volume of our common stock may have a greater impact on the trading price of our stock than would be the case if our public float were larger. We cannot predict the price at which our common stock will trade at any given time.
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Our common stock could become subject to additional trading restrictions as a “penny stock,” which could adversely affect the liquidity and price of such stock. If our common stock became subject to the SEC’s penny stock rules, broker-dealers may experience difficulty in completing customer transactions and trading activity in our securities may be adversely affected.
Prior to the listing of our common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market, our common stock was traded on the OTCQB. The OTCQB, the OTC Bulletin Board and Pink Sheets are viewed by most investors as a less desirable, and less liquid, marketplace. As a result, if our common stock was delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market and was traded on the OTCQB, the OTC Bulletin Board or the Pink Sheets, an investor could find it more difficult to purchase, dispose of or obtain accurate quotations as to the value of our common stock.
Unless our common stock is listed on a national securities exchange, such as the NASDAQ Capital Market, our common stock may also be subject to the regulations regarding trading in “penny stocks,” which are those securities trading for less than $5.00 per share, and that are not otherwise exempted from the definition of a penny stock under other exemptions provided for in the applicable regulations. The following is a list of the general restrictions on the sale of penny stocks:
| ● | Before the sale of penny stock by a broker-dealer to a new purchaser, the broker-dealer must determine whether the purchaser is suitable to invest in penny stocks. To make that determination, a broker-dealer must obtain, from a prospective investor, information regarding the purchaser’s financial condition and investment experience and objectives. Subsequently, the broker-dealer must deliver to the purchaser a written statement setting forth the basis of the suitability finding and obtain the purchaser’s signature on such statement. | |
| ● | A broker-dealer must obtain from the purchaser an agreement to purchase the securities. This agreement must be obtained for every purchase until the purchaser becomes an “established customer.” | |
| ● | The Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act, requires that before effecting any transaction in any penny stock, a broker-dealer must provide the purchaser with a “risk disclosure document” that contains, among other things, a description of the penny stock market and how it functions and the risks associated with such investment. These disclosure rules are applicable to both purchases and sales by investors. | |
| ● | A dealer that sells penny stock must send to the purchaser, within 10 days after the end of each calendar month, a written account statement including prescribed information relating to the security. |
These requirements can severely limit the liquidity of securities in the secondary market because fewer brokers or dealers are likely to be willing to undertake these compliance activities. If our common stock is not listed on a national securities exchange, the rules and restrictions regarding penny stock transactions may limit an investor’s ability to sell to a third party and our ability to raise additional capital. We make no guarantee that market-makers will make a market in our common stock, or that any market for our common stock will continue.
Our stockholders may experience significant dilution as a result of any additional financing using our securities, or as the result of the exercise or conversion of our outstanding securities.
We will need to raise significant additional capital in order to maintain and continue our operations. To the extent that we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities or securities convertible into or exercisable for equity securities, our stockholders may experience significant dilution. In addition, conversion or exercise of other outstanding options, warrants or convertible securities could result in there being a significant number of additional shares outstanding and dilution to our stockholders. In addition, if additional funds are raised through the issuance of preferred stock, holders of preferred stock would likely have rights that are senior to the rights of holders of our common stock, and the agreements relating to any such issuance could contain covenants that would restrict our operations.
We have not paid cash dividends on our common stock in the past and do not expect to pay cash dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future. Any return on investment may be limited to the value of our common stock.
No cash dividends have been paid on our common stock, and we do not expect to pay cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Payment of dividends would depend upon our profitability at the time, cash available for those dividends, and other factors as our board of directors may consider relevant. If we do not pay dividends, our common stock may be less valuable because a return on a stockholder’s investment will only occur if our stock price appreciates.
A sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock may cause the price of our common stock to decline and may impair our ability to raise capital in the future.
There have been and may continue to be periods when our common stock could be considered “thinly-traded,” meaning that the number of persons interested in purchasing our common stock at or near bid prices at any given time may be relatively small or non-existent. Finance transactions resulting in a large amount of newly issued shares that become readily tradable, conversion of outstanding convertible notes or exercise of outstanding warrants and sale of the shares issuable upon conversion of such notes or exercise of such warrants, or other events that cause stockholders to sell shares, could place downward pressure on the trading price of our stock. In addition, the lack of a robust resale market may require a stockholder who desires to sell a large number of shares of common stock to sell the shares in increments over time to mitigate any adverse impact of the sales on the market price of our stock. If our stockholders sell, or the market perceives that our stockholders intend to sell for various reasons, substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, the market price of our common stock could decline. Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock may make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and price that we deem reasonable or appropriate.
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If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they change their recommendations regarding our stock adversely, our stock price and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our common stock will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us or our business. We may never obtain substantial research coverage by industry or financial analysts. If no or few analysts commence or continue coverage of us, the trading price of our stock would likely decrease. Even if we do obtain analyst coverage, if one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our stock, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.
The rights of the holders of common stock may be impaired by the potential issuance of preferred stock.
Our restated certificate of incorporation gives our board of directors the right to create new series of preferred stock. As a result, the board of directors may, without stockholder approval, issue preferred stock with voting, dividend, conversion, liquidation or other rights which could adversely affect the voting power and equity interest of the holders of common stock. Preferred stock, which could be issued with the right to more than one vote per share, could be utilized as a method of discouraging, delaying or preventing a change of control. The possible impact on takeover attempts could adversely affect the price of our common stock.
Future sales of substantial amounts of our common stock, or the possibility that such sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
We expect to incur research, development and selling, general and administrative costs, and to satisfy our funding requirements we may need to sell additional equity securities, which may be subject to registration rights, and warrants with anti-dilutive protective provisions. Future sales in the public market of our common stock, or shares issued upon exercise of our outstanding stock options, warrants or convertible securities, or the perception by the market that these issuances or sales could occur, could lower the market price of our common stock or make it difficult for us to raise additional capital. Our stockholders may experience substantial dilution and a reduction in the price that they are able to obtain upon the sale of their shares. Also, new equity securities issued may have greater rights, preferences or privileges than our existing common stock.
As of February 28, 2018, we had 33,389,410 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, substantially all of which we believe may be sold publicly, subject in some cases to volume and other limitations, provisions or limitations in registration rights agreements, or prospectus-delivery or other requirements relating to the effectiveness and use of registration statements registering the resale of such shares.
As of February 28, 2018, we had reserved for issuance 9,203,425 shares of our common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options under our equity incentive plans at a weighted-average exercise price of $4.46 per share, and we had outstanding warrants to purchase 3,189,052 shares of common stock. Subject to applicable vesting requirements, upon exercise of these options or warrants, the underlying shares may be resold into the public market, subject in some cases to volume and other limitations or prospectus delivery requirements pursuant to registration statements registering the resale of such shares. In the case of outstanding options or warrants that have exercise prices that are below the market price of our common stock from time to time, our stockholders would experience dilution upon the exercise of these options.
Some of our outstanding warrants may result in dilution to our stockholders.
As of December 31, 2017, we had outstanding warrants, other than the warrants described in the next sentence, to purchase 2,189,052 shares of common stock, including the 2,075,846 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of Common Stock warrants, at a weighted average exercise price of $3.61 per share. As of December 31, 2017, 1,000,000 shares of our common stock were issuable upon exercise of warrants at an exercise price equal to the par value of $0.0001 per share that we issued to the Bank as collateral for the $2 million working capital line of credit, exercisable only if the Company is in default under the loan agreement or related bank documents; and 2,075,846 shares of our common stock were issuable (subject to certain beneficial ownership limitations) upon exercise of warrants that we issued in the following private placement transactions: warrants to purchase 1,183,432 shares at an exercise price of $4.10 per share in our January 2016 Series A-1 Convertible Preferred Stock transaction; warrants to purchase 192,414 shares at an exercise price of $2.90 per share in our July 2016 Series A-2 Convertible Preferred transaction; and warrants to purchase 700,000 shares at an exercise price of $2.98 per share in our August 2016 registered direct offering of common stock and warrants.
Our principal stockholders have significant influence over us, they may have significant influence over actions requiring stockholder approval, and your interests as a stockholder may conflict with the interests of those persons.
Based on the number of outstanding shares of our common stock held by our stockholders as of February 28, 2018, our directors, executive officers and their respective affiliates owned approximately 4.1% of our outstanding shares of common stock and our largest stockholder owned approximately 4.9% of the outstanding shares of our common stock. As a result, those stockholders have the ability to exert a significant degree of influence with respect to the outcome of matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including the election of directors and any merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets. The interests of these persons may not always coincide with our interests or the interests of our other stockholders. This concentration of ownership could harm the market price of our common stock by (i) delaying, deferring or preventing a change in corporate control, (ii) impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other business combination involving us, or (iii) discouraging a potential acquirer from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us. The significant concentration of stock ownership may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock due to investors’ perception that conflicts of interest may exist or arise.
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| ITEM 1B. | UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS |
None.
| ITEM 2. | PROPERTIES |
The Company’s principal headquarters consisting of approximately 7,525 square feet of leased premises is located at 11682 El Camino Real, Suite 300, San Diego, CA 92130. The Company previously entered into a lease agreement to lease the space with a term commencing December 1, 2014 (as amended, the “Lease”). The lease has a basic term expiring four years after the commencement date, and the Company has an option to extend the term of the lease for an additional three years. Average rent during the term will be $23,304 per month, with a deposit of $170,000 paid in November 2014. Through December 2017, $127,500 of the deposit was applied to rent and the balance of deposit as of December 31, 2017, was $42,500.
On December 29, 2017, the Company entered into a First Amendment to Lease (the “Amendment") with the Lessor of the space, amending the Lease. Pursuant to the Amendment, the Company and Lessor agreed to extend the term of the Lease through November 30, 2023. The Amendment provides that the Company will pay its current base rent through November 30, 2018. Commencing on December 1, 2018 base rent will initially be $28,219 per month for the first 12 months and will increase annually to $31,760 for the 12 months ending November 30, 2023. The Amendment also provides for one option to expand pursuant to which the Company has a right of first refusal for an additional 3,457 square feet of certain office space within the property.
The Company's wholly owned subsidiary, USC, occupies a Company owned property consisting of approximately 16,065 square feet, two-story, office building/laboratory in a lot of approximately 1.65 acres located at 1270 Don's Lane, Conway, Arkansas 72032. The Company has entered into a lease agreement for the planned expansion of the Company's compounding business, to lease a building consisting of approximately 44,880 square feet located in Conway, Arkansas. The agreement provides for an initial base rent of $12,155 per month for the first 12 months and will increase to $12,895 for the 12 months ending November 30, 2020. Average rent during the term will be $12,523 per month, with a previously deposit of $12,155.
| ITEM 3. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS |
We are and may become involved in or subject to routine litigation, claims, disputes, proceedings and investigations in the ordinary course of business. Any such litigation could divert management time and attention from Adamis, could involve significant amounts of legal fees and other fees and expenses, or could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.
| ITEM 4. | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES |
Not applicable.
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PART II
| ITEM 5. | MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES |
Price Range of Common Stock
Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the trading symbol “ADMP.” The following table sets forth the range of high and low sales prices for the common stock as reported for the periods indicated below.
| High | Low | |||||||
| Fiscal 2016 | ||||||||
| First Quarter (January 2016 to March 2016) | $ | 6.63 | $ | 4.02 | ||||
| Second Quarter (April 2016 to June 2016) | $ | 10.12 | $ | 2.62 | ||||
| Third Quarter (July 2016 - September 2016) | $ | 3.47 | $ | 2.57 | ||||
| Fourth Quarter (October 2016 to December 2016) | $ | 3.35 | $ | 2.50 | ||||
| Fiscal 2017 | ||||||||
| First Quarter (January 2017 to March 2017) | $ | 4.60 | $ | 3.00 | ||||
| Second Quarter (April 2017 to June 2017) | $ | 5.75 | $ | 3.50 | ||||
| Third Quarter (July 2017 to September 2017) | $ | 5.65 | $ | 4.35 | ||||
| Fourth Quarter (October 2017 to December 2017) | $ | 5.65 | $ | 3.50 | ||||
As of December 31, 2017, we had approximately 91 common stock holders of record. The number of record holders was determined from the records of our transfer agent and does not include beneficial owners of our common stock whose shares are held in the names of various security brokers, dealers, and registered clearing agencies.
Dividend Policy
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock, and we do not intend to do so in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, our stockholders will not receive a return on their investment unless the value of our shares increases, which may or may not occur. Any future determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon our financial condition, operating results, capital requirements, any applicable contractual restrictions and such other factors as our deems relevant.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table sets forth, as of December 31, 2017, information with respect to our equity compensation plans, including our 1995 Equity Incentive Plan, the 1995 Directors’ Stock Option Plan, the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan and the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan, and with respect to certain other options and warrants.
| Plan Category | Number of securities
to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights (1) (a) |
Weighted
average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights (1) (b) |
Number of securities
remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) (2) (c) |
|||||||||
| Equity compensation plans
approved by security holders |
6,726,594 | $ | 5.05 | 1,366,295 | ||||||||
| (1) | Excludes shares issuable upon exercise of restricted stock units, which do not have an exercise price. |
| (2) | Under the Company’s 2009 Equity Incentive Plan, the number of shares available for issuance under the plan increases automatically increase on January 1st of each year in an amount equal to the lesser of (i) five percent of the total number of shares of Common Stock outstanding on December 31st of the preceding calendar year, or (ii) a lesser number of shares of Common Stock determined by the board of directors before the start of a calendar year for which an increase applies. On January 1, 2018, pursuant to the provisions of the 2009 Plan, 1,669,471 shares were added to the shares reserved for issuance pursuant to awards under the 2009 Plan (see Notes 18 and 20). |
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Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
Information concerning our sales of unregistered securities during the year ended December 31, 2017, has previously been reported in reports on Form 10-Q and reports on Form 8-K that we filed during that fiscal year.
| ITEM 7. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
The following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations should be read together with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes of the Company appearing elsewhere in this Report. This discussion of our financial condition and results of operations contains certain statements that are not strictly historical and are “forward-looking” statements and involve a high degree of risk and uncertainty. Actual results may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements due to other risks and uncertainties that exist in our operations, development efforts and business environment, including those set forth in this Item 7, and in the sections entitled “1A. Risk Factors” and “1. Business” in this Report and uncertainties described elsewhere in this Report. All forward-looking statements included in this Report are based on information available to the Company as of the date hereof.
General
Company Overview
We are a specialty biopharmaceutical company focused on developing and commercializing products in the therapeutic areas of respiratory disease and allergy. Our products and product candidates in the allergy and respiratory markets include Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.3mg which was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, in 2017 for use in the emergency treatment of acute allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis; Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.15mg which is intended for use in the treatment of anaphylaxis for patients weighing 33-65 pounds for which the company submitted a supplemental new drug application, or sNDA, to the FDA in November 2017; a naloxone injection product candidate (APC-6000) based on the approved Symject™ injection device and intended for the treatment of opioid overdose for which the company submitted an investigational new drug application, or IND, in December 2017; and a beclomethasone metered dose inhaler product candidate (APC-1000) intended for the treatment of asthma and for which the company submitted an IND in January 2018; and fluticasone (APC-4000) dry powder inhaler, or DPI, product candidate for the treatment of asthma. Our goal is to create low cost therapeutic alternatives to existing treatments. Consistent across all specialty pharmaceuticals product lines, we intend to submit a New Drug Applications, or NDA, under Section 505(b)(2), or Section 505(j) Abbreviated New Drug Applications, or ANDA, to the FDA, whenever possible, in order to potentially reduce the time to market and to save on costs, compared to those associated with Section 505(b)(1) NDAs for new drug products.
Our U.S. Compounding, Inc., subsidiary, or USC, which we acquired in April 2016 and which is registered as a drug compounding outsourcing facility under Section 503B of the U.S. Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act, as amended, or FDCA, and the U.S. Drug Quality and Security Act, or DQSA, provides prescription compounded medications, including compounded sterile preparations and nonsterile compounds, to patients, physician clinics, hospitals, surgery centers and other clients throughout most of the United States. USC’s product offerings broadly include, among others, corticosteroids, hormone replacement therapies, hospital outsourcing products, injectables, urological preparations, ophthalmic preparations, topical compounds for pain and men’s and women’s health products. USC’s compounded formulations in many circumstances are offered as alternatives to drugs approved by the FDA. USC also provides certain veterinary pharmaceutical products for animals.
To achieve our goals and support our overall strategy, we will need to raise a substantial amount of funding and make significant investments in, among other things, new product development and working capital.
Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.3mg Product
On June 15, 2017, FDA approved the Company’s Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.3mg product for the emergency treatment of allergic reactions (Type I) including anaphylaxis. Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.3mg is intended to deliver a dose of epinephrine, which is used for emergency, immediate administration in acute anaphylactic reactions to insect stings or bites, allergic reaction to certain foods, drugs and other allergens, as well as idiopathic or exercise-induced anaphylaxis.
On November 27, 2017, we submitted an sNDA to the FDA for a lower dose version (0.15mg). Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.3mg is designed for patients weighing 66 pounds or greater. The lower dose Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.15mg product candidate is intended for patients weighing 33 to 66 pounds. On February 9, 2018, we received correspondence from the FDA indicating that the agency had determined that the sNDA was sufficiently complete to permit a substantive review. The agency indicated that no potential review issues were identified as of the date of the correspondence and that if no major deficiencies were identified in the agency’s continued review, the agency was targeting September 3, 2018, to communicate proposed labeling and, if necessary, any post-marketing requirement or commitment requests. There can be no assurances regarding the timing of outcome of the FDA’s review of our sNDA.
In connection with our process of exploring commercialization options for Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.3mg in the U.S. market after the FDA approval, we retained an investment bank to assist us. We determined to engage in a process with the goal of maximizing the value of the asset. The process has been ongoing and as of the date of this Report, we are in discussions with potential partners regarding commercialization of the product. However, the timing of a commercial launch will depend on a number of factors, including without limitation whether we enter into an agreement with a commercialization partner and, if we enter into such an agreement, the terms of any such agreement and the plans of the commercialization partner. As a result, there are no assurances regarding whether we will enter into an agreement with a commercialization partner, when we may enter into any such agreement, or the date of a commercial launch of Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.3mg. If we do not enter into an agreement with a commercialization partner, then we anticipate that we would seek to commercialize the product ourselves, which would require additional expenditures.
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Going Concern and Management Plan
Our independent registered public accounting firm has included a “going concern” explanatory paragraph in its report on our financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 indicating that we have incurred recurring losses from operations and are dependent on additional financing to fund operations, and that these conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. As of December 31, 2017, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $18.3 million, including approximately $1.0 million in restricted cash, an accumulated deficit of approximately $114.0 million, and liabilities of approximately $11.9 million. We anticipate that we will need significant funding during 2018 to continue operations, satisfy our obligations, fund the future expenditures that we believe will be required to support commercialization of our products and conduct the clinical and regulatory work to develop our product candidates. Such additional funding may not be available, may not be available on reasonable terms, and could result in significant additional dilution to our stockholders. If we do not obtain required additional equity or debt funding, our cash resources will be depleted and we could be required to materially reduce or suspend operations, which would likely have a material adverse effect on our business, stock price and our relationships with third parties with whom we have business relationships, at least until additional funding is obtained.
The above conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements included elsewhere herein for the year ended December 31, 2017, were prepared under the assumption that we would continue our operations as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities during the normal course of business. In preparing these consolidated financial statements, consideration was given to our future business as described elsewhere herein, which may preclude us from realizing the value of certain assets. Our financial statements do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty. This basis of accounting contemplates the recovery of our assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. Without additional funds in 2018, from debt or equity financing, sales of assets, sales or out-licenses of intellectual property or technologies, or from a business combination or a similar transaction, we could exhaust our resources and be unable to continue operations at anticipated levels or at all.
Our management intends to attempt to secure additional required funding through equity or debt financing, sales or out-licensing of product candidates or intellectual property assets, seeking partnerships with other pharmaceutical companies or third parties to co-develop and fund research and development efforts, or similar transactions, and through revenues from sales of compounded sterile formulations. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain any sources of funding. If we are unsuccessful in securing funding from any of these sources, we will defer, reduce or eliminate certain planned expenditures and delay development or commercialization of some or all of our products. If we do not have sufficient funds to continue operations, we could be required to seek bankruptcy protection or other alternatives that could result in our stockholders losing some or all of their investment in us.
Funding that we may receive during fiscal 2018 is expected to be used to satisfy existing obligations and liabilities and working capital needs, to support commercialization of our products and conduct the clinical and regulatory work to develop our product candidates, to begin building working capital reserves and to fund a number of projects, which may include, without limitation, some or all of the following:
| ● | commercialization of our Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.3mg product; | |
| ● | continue development of our allergy and respiratory product candidates; | |
| ● | continue development of the DPI product candidates; | |
| ● | pursue the development of other product candidates that we may develop or acquire; | |
| ● | fund clinical trials and seek regulatory approvals; | |
| ● | expand research and development activities; | |
| ● | access manufacturing, commercialization and sales capabilities; | |
| ● | implement additional internal systems and infrastructure; | |
| ● | maintain, defend and expand the scope of our intellectual property portfolio; | |
| ● | acquire products, technologies, intellectual property or companies and support continued development and funding thereof; | |
| ● | hire additional management, sales, research, development and clinical personnel; and | |
| ● | help fund the operations and capital expenditures of USC. |
Results of Operations
Our consolidated results of operations are presented for the year ending December 31, 2017 and for the year ending December 31, 2016.
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Years Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016
Revenues
Revenues were approximately $13,073,000 and $6,474,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2016 were adversely affected by the suspension of production of USC’s sterile compounded formulations, product recall and remediation efforts in the third and fourth quarters of 2015 and the first quarter of 2016. USC resumed production and sales of compounded sterile formulations in March and April 2016. The suspension of production and sales of compounded sterile formulations adversely affected USC’s relationships with certain of its customers and adversely affected sales of compounded sterile formulations in 2016. The increase in revenues for the year ended 2017 compared to the comparable period of 2016 was primarily due to the revenues of USC for the first quarter of 2016 and through the April 11, 2016, acquisition date not being included in our revenues for 2016 as well as an increase in the volume of sales of USC’s compounded pharmaceutical formulations resulting in part from increased sales and marketing personnel and efforts. Although our goal is to increase revenues from sales of compounded formulations and preparations by USC, we cannot provide any assurances regarding the level of revenues and profitability in future periods from sales of compounded formulations and preparations by USC.
Cost of Sales
Cost of sales was approximately $7,420,000 and $4,854,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The cost of goods sold for the year ended December 31, 2016 consists of cost of goods sold of compounded formulations by USC after the April 11, 2016 acquisition date, but does not include the cost of goods sold of USC before the closing date of the acquisition. Our cost of goods sold includes direct and indirect costs to manufacture formulations and sell products, including active pharmaceutical ingredients, personnel costs, packaging, storage, shipping and handling costs, the write-off of obsolete inventory and other related expenses. The cost of goods sold did not increase proportionately with the increase in revenue from the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 compared to 2017, primarily because of production efficiencies achieved in 2017.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) consist primarily of depreciation and amortization, legal fees, accounting and audit fees, professional/consulting fees and employee compensation. SG&A expenses for the years ending December 31, 2017 and 2016 were approximately $22,819,000 and $17,128,000, respectively. The increase in the 2017 period compared to 2016 was primarily due to an increase of approximately $4,725,000 in SG&A expenses relating to our USC subsidiary, which to a significant extent resulted from the fact that SG&A expenses of USC for the first quarter of 2016 and through April 11, 2016, before the date of our acquisition of USC, are not included in our SG&A expenses for the 2016 period. The increase in SG&A expenses relating to USC was also attributable to increases in compensation expenses associated with increased sales revenues from USC compounded formulations; compensation expenses of USC employees, which includes salaries and wages, stock options and employee benefits; and expenses associated with other sales and marketing activities. Compensation expense for SG&A employees increased by approximately $966,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to the comparable period of 2016, primarily due to new hires, salary increases, stock options granted, monthly accrual of bonus, and the fact that compensation expense for 2016 did not include USC compensation expense through April 11, 2016.
Research and Development Expenses
Our research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Non-refundable advance payments for goods and services to be used in future research and development activities are recorded as an asset and are expensed when the research and development activities are performed. Research and development expenses were approximately $7,527,000 and $9,697,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The decrease in research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to the comparable period of the prior year was primarily due to a reduction of approximately $5,546,000 in development costs of our product candidates, including our Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI) products, Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.3mg, APC-2000, APC-100, and TeloBVax product candidates. This amount was partially offset by an increase of approximately $1,295,000 in development costs attributed to the APC-1000 and APC-6000 product candidates. Compensation expense for Research and Development employees increased by approximately $600,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to the comparable period of 2016, primarily due to new hires, salary increases, stock options granted and monthly accrual of bonus. Included in our research and development costs for 2017 are approximately $742,000 worth of inventory damaged resulting from the transport not complying with the controlled temperature requirement and $740,000 of reserve against inventory that is expected to expire before resale.
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Impairment Expense
Impairment expenses for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 were approximately $96,000 and $0, respectively. The impairment expense was attributable to assets damaged during a flood at an off-site facility at USC.
Other Income (Expenses)
Other Income (Expense) consists primarily of expense on inducement to exercise warrants, interest expense, loss on asset disposal, change in fair value of warrants and change in fair value of derivative liabilities. Other income (expense) for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was approximately ($1,089,000) and $1,192,000, respectively. The decrease in other income and increase in other expenses in 2017, compared to 2016, was primarily due to the exercise and cancellation of warrants and derivatives which accounted for approximately $1,397,000 of income in 2016, the increase in debt related expense (Interest Expense) of approximately $17,000 in 2017, approximately $960,000 of warrant exercise inducement expenses incurred by the Company in 2017 and was partially offset by the increase of interest income of approximately $93,000 for the year ended 2017. The expenses relating to inducement to exercise warrants was in connection with the transactions entered into by the Company in the third quarter of 2017 with certain warrant holders to exercise certain warrants at a reduced exercise price. The increase in debt related expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to the comparable period in 2016 was due to interest payments related to the working capital loan in the principal amount of $2.0 million and other bank loan obligations assumed in connection with the acquisition of USC in April 2016.
Income Tax Benefit
The income tax benefit for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $339,000 and $4,575,000 respectively. The income tax benefit for 2016 reflected the tax benefit arising from the recognition of a deferred tax liability related to the identifiable intangibles recorded in connection with the Company’s acquisition of USC, and resulted from a reassessment of the valuation allowance in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles for reporting business combinations. The income tax benefit does not result in any cash saving benefits to the Company. The income tax benefit for 2017 reflected the remeasurement of the net deferred tax liability as part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, enacted on December 22, 2017. See Note 19 to the financial statements appearing elsewhere herein.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We have incurred net losses of approximately $25.5 million and $19.4 million for years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Since our inception, June 6, 2006, and through December 31, 2017, we have an accumulated deficit of approximately $114.0 million. Since inception and through December 31, 2017, we have financed our operations principally through debt financing and through public and private issuances of common stock and preferred stock. Since inception, we have raised a total of approximately $135 million in debt and equity financing transactions, consisting of approximately $23.5 million in debt financing and approximately $111.4 million in equity financing transactions. We anticipate that we will need significant additional funding during 2018 to satisfy our obligations and fund the future expenditures that we believe will be required to support commercialization of our products and conduct the clinical and regulatory work to develop our product candidates. We expect to finance future cash needs primarily through proceeds from equity or debt financings, loans, sales of assets, out-licensing transactions, and/or collaborative agreements with corporate partners, and from revenues from our sale of compounded pharmacy formulations. We have used the net proceeds from debt and equity financings for general corporate purposes, which have included funding for research and development, selling, general and administrative expenses, working capital, reducing indebtedness, pursuing and completing acquisitions or investments in other businesses, products or technologies, and for capital expenditures. Assuming adequate funding, we anticipate that we may make capital expenditures during 2018 of at least approximately $5 million to $6 million including, without limitation, expenditures relating to a new USC facility and the construction of manufacturing assembly lines for our Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.3mg product and naloxone (APC-6000) product candidate. As part of our acquisition of USC in April of 2016, the Company assumed debt of approximately $5.7 million and entered into a secured $2 million line of credit agreement, both of which were included in the debt financing of $23.5 million referenced above.
Net cash used in operating activities from continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 were approximately $15.1 million and $21.2 million, respectively. Net cash used in operating activities decreased primarily due to the increase in accounts payable, accrued other expenses, accrued bonuses and a reduction in accounts receivable as compared to 2016.
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities was approximately ($2,088,000) and $261,000 for years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The net cash used in investing activities increased primarily due to the purchase of additional equipment.
Net cash provided by financing activities was approximately $30.5 million and $21.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Net cash provided by financing activities increased primarily due to the issuance of common stock and exercise of warrants by certain private investors.
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Loan Agreements
In connection with our acquisition of USC and the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement relating to the USC acquisition, we assumed approximately $5,722,000 principal amount of debt obligations under two loan agreements and related loan documents relating to the building, real property and equipment that certain third parties agreed to transfer to the Company or USC in connection with the Merger, as well as the two loan agreements to which USC is a party, a working capital loan and an equipment loan, and related loan documents evidencing loans previously made to USC, and we agreed to become an additional co-borrower under the Loan Documents. The lender in all of the USC Loan Documents was First Federal Bank and/or its successor Bear State Bank, referred to as Lender or the Bank. In November 2016, we entered into amendments of our loan agreements with the Bank. Under the loan agreements, we are required to make current periodic interest and principal payments under the Amended Loan Documents, in an amount of approximately $57,000 per month; the amount of required interest payments is subject to change depending on future changes in interest rates. The balances of the USC Working Capital Line, Building Loan and Equipment Loan are due and payable on February 28, 2018, August 8, 2019 and October 1, 2019, respectively. There was no outstanding balance on the USC Working Capital Line at its maturity date, and that agreement has not currently been renewed or extended. Though the maturity dates of the USC loans may be extended at later dates. We also entered into a loan and security agreement with the Lender, referred to as the Adamis Working Capital Line, pursuant to which we may borrow up to an aggregate of $2,000,000 to provide working capital to USC, subject to the terms and conditions of the loan agreement. Interest on amounts borrowed under the Adamis Working Capital Line accrues at a rate equal to the prime interest rate, as defined in the agreement. Interest payments are required to be made quarterly. As amended effective March 31, 2017, the entire outstanding principal balance, and all accrued and unpaid interest and all other sums payable pursuant to our loan agreement with the Bank, are due and payable on March 1, 2018, or sooner upon the occurrence of certain events as provided in the loan agreement and related documents. In March 2018, we agreed with the lender to extend the maturity date of this loan to June 1, 2018. Our obligations under the Adamis Working Capital Line are secured by certain collateral, including without limitation our interest in amounts that we have loaned to USC; a warrant that we issued to the Lender to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price equal to par value per share, only exercisable by Lender if we are in default under the loan documents and if the Lender delivers a notice to us and we do not cure the default within the applicable cure period; and our Certificate of Deposit ("CD") with the Lender of approximately $1,000,000. Further, if at any time before the repayment of the loan, the value of the sum of (i) the amount of the funds in the CD, plus (ii) the product of: (A) the number of unexercised shares under the warrant multiplied by (B) the value of our common stock, falls below the product of (Y) 1.5 multiplied by (Z) the outstanding principal balance of the note evidencing the Adamis Working Capital Line, then following delivery of a notice from the Bank to the Company, the Company will either: (1) amend the warrant or provide an additional warrant to provide Lender with rights to purchase additional shares of common stock; or (2) reduce the principal balance of the note to bring us in compliance with the requirements set forth above, and failure to comply with this requirement after notice from Lender is an event of default under the loan documents.
The Amended Loan Documents with the Bank include a variety of representations, warranties and covenants that we are required to comply with. If we do not comply with the provisions of such agreements and documents and the Bank declares an event of default, the Bank would be entitled to accelerate the maturity date of the loans, the principal and accrued interest would become due and payable, and the Bank could elect to exercise its remedies as a secured creditor under the loan documents and applicable law.
Our ability to make scheduled payments on our indebtedness depends on our future performance and ability to raise additional capital if required, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors, some of which are beyond our control. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash to service our debt, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as selling assets, attempting to restructure our debt or obtaining additional capital through sales of equity or incurrence of additional debt on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive to our stockholders. Our ability to engage in any of these activities would depend on the capital markets and our financial condition at such time, and we may not be able to do so when needed, on desirable terms or at all, which could result in a default on our debt obligations. Additionally, the Amended Loan Documents contain various restrictive covenants, including, among others, our obligation to deliver to the Bank certain financial and other information, our obligation to comply with certain notice and insurance requirements, and our inability, without the Bank’s prior consent, to dispose of certain of our assets, incur certain additional indebtedness, enter into certain merger, acquisition or change of control transactions, pay certain dividends or distributions on or make certain repurchases of our capital stock or incur any lien or other encumbrance on our assets, subject to certain permitted exceptions. Any failure by us to comply with any of these covenants, subject to certain cure periods, or to make all payments under the debt instruments when due, would cause us to be in default under the applicable debt instrument. In the event of any such default, the Bank may be able to foreclose on the assets that secure the debt or declare all borrowed funds, together with accrued and unpaid interest, immediately due and payable, thereby potentially causing all of our available cash to be used to pay our indebtedness or forcing us into bankruptcy or liquidation if we do not then have sufficient cash available. Any such event or occurrence could severely and negatively impact our business, financial conditions or results of operations.
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For additional information concerning our debt and equity financing transactions, and our loan agreements, see Notes 10, 11, 15 and 16 accompanying our financial statements included elsewhere herein.
As noted above under the heading “Going Concern and Management Plan,” through December 31, 2017, Adamis had incurred substantial losses. The availability of any required additional funding cannot be assured. If we do not obtain additional equity or debt funding in the near future, our cash resources will be depleted and we will be required to materially reduce or suspend operations. Even if we are successful in obtaining additional funding to permit us to continue operations at the levels that we desire, substantial time will pass before we obtain regulatory marketing approval for any products and begin to realize revenues from sales of specialty pharmaceutical products, and during this period Adamis will require additional funds. No assurance can be given as to the timing or ultimate success of obtaining future funding. As noted under the heading Recent Developments, the Company will be required to devote additional cash resources, which could be significant, in order to continue development and commercialization of our product candidates and to support our other operations and activities.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our audited financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
We believe the following accounting policies and estimates are most critical to aid you in understanding and evaluating our reported financial results. For further discussion of our accounting policies, see Note 3 in the accompanying notes to our financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Segment Information. The Company is engaged primarily in the discovery, development and sales of pharmaceutical, specialty biopharmaceutical and other drug products. Accordingly, the Company has determined that it operates in one operating segment.
Revenue Recognition. The Company recognizes revenues when all of the following criteria have been met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred; (3) the selling price is fixed and determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured. Revenues from our USC subsidiary consist of sales of compounded drugs for humans and animals, including sterile injectable and non-sterile integrative therapies. Sales discounts and rebates are sometimes offered to customers if specified criteria are met. Additionally, sales are generally made with a limited right of return under certain conditions. Revenues are recorded net of provisions for sales discounts and returns, which are established at the time of sale.
Cost of Sales. Our cost of sales includes direct and indirect costs to manufacture formulations and sell products, including active pharmaceutical ingredients, personnel costs, packaging, storage, royalties, shipping and handling costs, the write-off of obsolete inventory and other related expenses.
Accounts Receivable. Accounts receivable are reported at the amount management expects to collect on outstanding balances. Management provides for probable uncollectible amounts through a charge to earnings and credit to allowance for doubtful accounts. Uncollectible amounts are based on USC’s history of past write-offs and collections and current credit conditions.
Inventories. Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The cost of inventories is determined using the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method. Inventories consist of compounding formulation raw materials, work-in-process, currently marketed products, and device supplies. Monthly, the Company reviews the expiration dates of the raw materials, work-in-process and finished goods inventory, and a reserve for obsolescence is recorded based on the expiration dates.
Acquisitions and Intangibles. The Company has engaged in business combination activity. The accounting for business combinations requires management to make judgments and estimates of the fair value of assets acquired, including the identification and valuation of intangible assets, as well as liabilities assumed. Such judgments and estimates directly impact the amount of goodwill recognized in connection with each acquisition, as goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of an acquired business over the fair value of its net tangible and identifiable intangible assets.
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Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets. Goodwill, which has an indefinite useful life, represents the excess of purchase consideration over fair value of net assets acquired. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment at least annually as of December 31 each year, or more frequently if events occur indicating the potential for impairment. During its goodwill impairment review, the Company may assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. The qualitative factors include, but are not limited to, macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, and the overall financial performance and outlook of the Company. If, after assessing the totality of these qualitative factors, the Company determines that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then no additional assessment is deemed necessary. Otherwise, the Company proceeds to perform the two-step test for goodwill impairment. The first step involves comparing the estimated fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying value, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the Company performs the second step of the goodwill impairment test to determine the amount of loss, which involves comparing the implied fair value of the goodwill to the carrying value of the goodwill.
The Company evaluates its long-lived assets with definite lives, such as property and equipment, acquired technology, customer relationships, patent and license rights, for impairment by considering competition by products prescribed for the same indication, the likelihood and estimated future entry of non-generic and generic competition with the same or similar indication and other related factors. The factors that drive the estimate of the life are often uncertain and are reviewed on a periodic basis or when events occur that warrant review. Recoverability is measured by comparison of the assets’ book value to future net undiscounted cash flows that the assets are expected to generate.
We performed an impairment analysis as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and no impairment of goodwill or acquired intangibles was identified.
Claims Liabilities. Our USC subsidiary was self-insured up to certain limits for health insurance through February 28, 2017. Beginning March 1, 2017, USC elected to participate in a fully insured health insurance plan. The Claims Payable related to the self-insured plan at December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $0 and approximately $126,000, respectively.
Deferred Income Taxes. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the tax basis of such assets and liabilities. The Company maintains a valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets due to the uncertainty regarding the future realization of such assets, which is based on historical taxable income, projected future taxable income and the expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences. Until such time as the Company can demonstrate that it will no longer incur losses, or if the Company is unable to generate sufficient future taxable income, it could be required to maintain the valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was enacted on December 22, 2017. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act includes a number of changes to existing U.S. tax laws, most notably the reduction of the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, beginning in 2018. At December 31, 2017, the Company had not completed its accounting assessment for the tax effects of the enactment of the Act; however, the Company believes that it has made a reasonable estimate of the effects on the existing deferred tax balances.
Stock-Based Compensation. We account for stock-based compensation transactions in which we receive employee services in exchange for options to purchase common stock. Stock-based compensation cost for restricted stock units or RSUs is measured based on the closing fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. Stock-based compensation cost for stock options is estimated at the grant date based on each option’s fair-value as calculated by the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. We recognize stock-based compensation cost as expense ratably on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period.
Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 815 - Derivatives and Hedging, provides guidance to determine what types of instruments, or embedded features in an instrument, are considered derivatives. This guidance can affect the accounting for convertible instruments that contain provisions to protect holders from a decline in the stock price, or down-round provisions. Down-round provisions reduce the exercise price of a convertible instrument if a company either issues equity share for a price that is lower than the exercise price of those instruments, or issues new convertible instruments that have a lower exercise price.
The Company recognizes the derivative assets and liabilities at their respective fair values at inception and on each reporting date. The Company utilized a binomial option pricing model (BOPM) to develop its assumptions for determining the fair value of the conversion and anti-dilution features of its notes. See Note 12 in the accompanying financial statements for further discussion of derivative instruments.
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
At December 31, 2017, we did not have any off balance sheet arrangements.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recent accounting pronouncements are disclosed in Note 3 to the accompanying financial statements included in Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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| ITEM 8. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA |
The financial statements and financial information required by Item 8 are set forth below commencing on page F-1.
| ITEM 9. | CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES |
None.
| ITEM 9A. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
In connection with the preparation of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, an evaluation was carried out by our management, with the participation of the Principal Executive Officer and Accounting Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2017. Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Principal Executive Officer and Accounting Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
Based on their evaluation, our Principal Executive Officer and Accounting Officer concluded that disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2017.
Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management’s report on our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) in the Exchange Act), is included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, under the heading “Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting” and is incorporated herein by reference. This report shall not be deemed to be filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, unless we specifically state that the report is to be considered “filed” under the Exchange Act or incorporate it by reference into a filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or under the Exchange Act.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, a company’s principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by a company’s board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and includes those policies and procedures that:
| ● | Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; | |
| ● | Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, particularly those related to subjective measurements and complex transactions, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and | |
| ● | Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. |
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All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our company have been detected.
Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission 2013 Framework in Internal Control - Integrated Framework and Internal Control over Financial Reporting-Guidance for Smaller Public Companies. As a result of this assessment, management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2017, based on those criteria. Effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017 has been audited by Mayer Hoffman McCann, P.C., an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears elsewhere herein.
The independent registered public accounting firm that audited the consolidated financial statements that are included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K has issued an audit report on our internal control over financial reporting. The report appears below.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and
Stockholders of Adamis Pharmaceuticals Corporation and Subsidiaries:
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited Adamis Pharmaceuticals Corporation and Subsidiaries’ (“Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO criteria). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for year ended December 31, 2017 of the Company and our report dated March 15, 2018 expressed an unqualified opinion that included an explanatory paragraph regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Mayer Hoffman McCann P.C.
San Diego, California
March 15, 2018
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Changes in Internal Controls
There has been no change during the quarter ended December 31, 2017 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
| ITEM 9B. | OTHER INFORMATION |
Not Applicable.
PART III
| ITEM 10: | DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE |
The information required by Item 10 of Part III is incorporated by reference to the registrant’s proxy statement, to be filed within 120 days of the registrant’s fiscal year end, or will be included in an amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
| ITEM 11: | EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION |
The information required by Item 11 of Part III is incorporated by reference to the registrant’s proxy statement, to be filed within 120 days of the registrant’s fiscal year end, or will be included in an amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
| ITEM 12: | SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS |
The information required by Item 12 of Part III is incorporated by reference to the registrant’s proxy statement, to be filed within 120 days of the registrant’s fiscal year end, or will be included in an amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
| ITEM 13: | CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE |
The information required by Item 13 of Part III is incorporated by reference to the registrant’s proxy statement, to be filed within 120 days of the registrant’s fiscal year end, or will be included in an amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
| ITEM 14: | PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES |
The information required by Item 14 of Part III is incorporated by reference to the registrant’s proxy statement, to be filed within 120 days of the registrant’s fiscal year end, or will be included in an amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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PART IV
| ITEM 15. | EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES |
Exhibits
The following exhibits are attached hereto or incorporated herein by reference.
| 54 |
| Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||
| Exhibit
Number |
Exhibit Description | Filed Herewith | Form/
File No. |
Date | ||||
| 2.1 | Agreement and Plan of Share Exchange dated as of October 7, 2004, by and between the Company and Biosyn, Inc. | 8-K | 10/26/04 | |||||
| 3.1 | Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant | S-8 | 03/17/14 | |||||
| 3.2 | Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dated August 19, 2014 | 8-K | 08/20//14 | |||||
| 3.3 | Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series A-1 Convertible Preferred Stock | 8-K | 01/26/16 | |||||
| 3.4 | Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series A-2 Convertible Preferred Stock | 8-K | 07/12/16 | |||||
| 4.1 | Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company | S-4/A 333-155322 | 01/12/09 | |||||
| 4.2 | Specimen stock certificate for common stock | 8-K | 04/03/09 | |||||
| 4.3 | Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant dated August 19, 2014 | 8-K | 08/20/14 | |||||
| 4.4 | Form of Amended and Restated Warrant dated January 26, 2016 | 8-K | 01/26/16 | |||||
| *10.1 | 2009 Equity Incentive Plan | 10-Q | 11/14/14 | |||||
| *10.2 | Form of Stock Option Agreement for option awards | 8-K | 09/16/11 | |||||
| *10.3 | Form of Option Agreement for Non-Employee Directors* | 8-K | 01/13/11 | |||||
| *10.4 | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement | 10-K | 03/30/17 | |||||
| *10.5 | Form of Indemnity Agreement with directors and executive officers | 8-K | 01/13/11 | |||||
| 10.6 | Agreement dated as of October 8, 1996 by and among Biosyn, Inc., Edwin B. Michaels and E.B. Michaels Research Associates, Inc. (Confidential treatment has been requested with respect to portions of this agreement.) | 10-K | 03/31/05 | |||||
| 10.7 | Funding Agreement dated October 12, 1992, by and between Ben Franklin Technology Center of Southeastern Pennsylvania and Biosyn, Inc. | S-4/A 333-155322 | 01/12/09 | |||||
| 10.8 | License Agreement dated July 28, 2006, by and between Nevagen, LLC and Adamis Pharmaceuticals Corporation | S-4/A 333-155322 | 01/12/09 | |||||
| 10.9 | Amendment to License Agreement dated December 29, 2008, by and between Nevagen, LLC and Adamis Pharmaceuticals Corporation | S-4/A 333-155322 | 01/12/09 | |||||
| 10.10 | Common Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of November 10, 2010, by and between Adamis Pharmaceuticals Corporation and the Purchaser named therein (Confidential treatment has been granted for portions of this exhibit.) | 8-K | 11/12/10 | |||||
| 10.11 | Registration Rights Agreement dated as of November 10, 2010, by and between Adamis Pharmaceuticals Corporation and the Purchaser named therein | 8-K | 11/12/10 | |||||
| 10.12 | Executive Employment Agreement between the Company and Dennis J. Carlo dated December 31, 2015* | 10-K | 03/23/16 | |||||
| 10.13 | Executive Employment Agreement between the Company and David J. Marguglio dated December 31, 2015* | 10-K | 03/23/16 | |||||
| 10.14 | Executive Employment Agreement between the Company and Robert O. Hopkins dated December 31, 2015* | 10-K | 03/23/16 | |||||
| 10.15 | Executive Employment Agreement between the Company and Karen K. Daniels dated December 31, 2015* | 10-K | 03/23/16 | |||||
| 10.16 | Executive Employment Agreement between the Company and Thomas H. Moll, Ph.D. dated December 31, 2015* | 10-K | 03/23/16 | |||||
| 55 |
| Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||
| Exhibit
Number |
Exhibit Description | Filed Herewith | Form/
File No. |
Date | ||||
| 10.17 | License Agreement between Adamis, the Regents of the University of California and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. | 10-K | 07/07/11 | |||||
| 10.18 | License Agreement dated January 26, 2007, with Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | 10-K | 07/07/11 | |||||
| 10.19 | License Agreement dated January 26, 2007, with Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | 10-K | 07/07/11 | |||||
| 10.20 | License Agreement dated January 2, 2008, with Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | 10-K | 07/07/11 | |||||
| 10.21 | Product Development and Contract Manufacturing Agreement dated November 1, 2010, between the Company and Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd. | 10-Q | 02/14/11 | |||||
| 10.22 | First Amendment to Common Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of June 30, 2011, by and between the Company and Eses Holdings (FZE) | 10-K | 07/07/11 | |||||
| 10.23 | Second Amendment to Common Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of November 10, 2011, by and between the Company and Eses Holdings (FZE) | 8-K | 11/21/11 | |||||
| 10.24 | Third Amendment to Common Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of January 31, 2012, by and between the Company and Eses Holdings (FZE) | 10-Q | 02/14/12 | |||||
| 10.25 | Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of June 11, 2012 | 8-K | 06/15/12 | |||||
| 10.26 | 10% Senior Convertible Note dated as of June 11, 2012 | 8-K | 06/15/12 | |||||
| 10.27 | Form of Subsidiary Guarantee dated as of June 11, 2012 | 8-K | 06/15/12 | |||||
| 10.28 | Convertible Promissory Note dated as of June 11, 2012 | 8-K | 06/15/12 | |||||
| 10.29 | Zero Coupon Secured Promissory Note dated October 25, 2012 | 10-Q | 02/19/13 | |||||
| 10.30 | Convertible Promissory Note dated December 31, 2012 | 10-Q | 02/19/13 | |||||
| 10.31 | Amendment to Convertible Promissory Note dated March 26, 2014 | 8-K | 04/01/14 | |||||
| 10.32 | Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of April 5, 2013 | 8-K | 04/08/13 | |||||
| 10.33 | 12% Convertible Debenture dated April 5, 2013 | 8-K | 04/08/13 | |||||
| 10.34 | Subscription Agreement dated as of June 26, 2013 | 8-K | 07/01/13 | |||||
| 10.35 | Form of Secured Convertible Notes dated June 26, 2013 | 8-K | 07/01/13 | |||||
| 10.36 | Form of Warrants dated June 26, 2013 | 10-Q | 11/14/14 | |||||
| 10.37 | Intercreditor Agreement dated June 26, 2013 | 8-K | 07/01/13 | |||||
| 10.38 | Consent and Waiver | 8-K | 10/31/13 | |||||
| 10.39 | Exclusive License and Asset Purchase Agreement dated as of August 1, 2013, by and among the Registrant, 3M Corp. and 3M Innovative Properties Company | 8-K | 08/06/13 | |||||
| 56 |
| Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||
| Exhibit
Number |
Exhibit Description | Filed Herewith | Form/
File No. |
Date | ||||
| 10.40 | Lease Agreement dated April 1, 2014, between the Registrant and Pacific North Court Holdings, L.P. | 10-KT | 03/26/15 | |||||
| 10.41 | Purchase Agreement dated August 19, 2014 by and between the Company and Sio Partners QP LP and Sio Partners Offshores, Ltd. | 8-K | 08/20/14 | |||||
| 10.42 | Registration Rights Agreement dated August 18, 2014, by and between the Company and Sio Partners LP, Sio Partners QP LP and Sio Partners Offshores, Ltd. | 8-K | 08/20/14 | |||||
| 10.43 | Form of Warrants dated June 26, 2013 | 10-Q | 11/14/14 | |||||
| 10.44 | Form of Warrant dated January 26, 2016 | 8-K | 01/26/16 | |||||
| 10.45 | Purchase Agreement | 8-K | 01/26/16 | |||||
| 10.46 | Registration Rights Agreement dated as of January 26, 2016 | 8-K | 01/26/16 | |||||
| 10.47 | Business Loan Agreement dated July 14, 2014, between First Federal Bank and U.S. Compounding, Inc., and related loan documents | 10-Q | 08/15/16 | |||||
| 10.48 | Business Loan Agreement between 4 HIMS, LLC and First Federal Bank dated August 8, 2014, and related loan documents | 10-Q | 08/15/16 | |||||
| 10.49 | Business Loan Agreement between Tribute Labs, LLC and First Federal Bank dated March 21, 2014, and related loan documents | 10-Q | 08/15/16 | |||||
| 10.50 | Loan Amendment, Forbearance and Assumption Agreement between the Company and Bear State Bank, N.A. | 10-Q | 08/15/16 | |||||
| 10.51 | Development, License and Commercialization Agreement dated as of May 9, 2016, between the Company and Watson Laboratories, Inc. [Confidential treatment has been granted for portions of this exhibit] | 10-Q | 08/15/16 | |||||
| 10.52 | Loan Amendment and Assumption Agreement and related Agreements and Instruments dated as of November 3, 2016 | 10-K | 03/30/17 | |||||
| 10.53 | September 2016 Loan Amendment and Consolidation Agreement among Bear State Bank, N.A., U.S. Compounding, Inc., Tribute Labs, LLC, and the Company | 10-K | 03/30/17 | |||||
| 10.54 | Amendment to Loan Agreement dated as November 3, 2016 between Bear State Bank, N.A., and the Company | 10-K | 03/30/17 | |||||
| 10.55 | September 2016 Amendment to Commercial Line of Credit Agreement and Note | 10-K | 03/30/17 | |||||
| 10.56 | Loan Release Agreement dated as of November 14, 2016 | 10-K | 03/30/17 | |||||
| 10.57 | Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant dated January 26, 2016 | 8-K | 01/26/16 | |||||
| 10.58 | Amended and Restated Common Stock Purchase Warrant dated August 19, 2014 | 8-K | 01/26/16 | |||||
| 10.59 | Purchase Agreement dated January 26, 2016 | 8-K | 01/26/16 | |||||
| 10.60 | Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement dated January 26, 2016 | 8-K | 01/26/16 | |||||
| 10.61 | Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among the Company, US Compounding, Inc., Ursula MergerSub Corp. and Eddie Glover dated as of March 28, 2016 | 8-K | 03/29/16 | |||||
| 10.62 | Form of Joinder Agreement and General Release dated March 28, 2016 | 8-K | 03/29/16 | |||||
| 10.63 | Loan and Security Agreement by and between the Company and Bear State Bank, N.A., dated March 28, 2016 | 8-K | 03/29/16 | |||||
| 10.64 | Common Stock Purchase Warrant dated March 28, 2016 | 8-K | 03/29/16 | |||||
| 10.65 | Purchase Agreement dated July 11, 2016 | 8-K | 07/12/16 | |||||
| 10.66 | Registration Rights Agreement dated July 11, 2016 | 8-K | 07/12/16 | |||||
| 10.67 | Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant dated July 11, 2016 | 8-K | 07/12/16 | |||||
| 10.68 | Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant dated August 3, 2016 | 8-K | 07/29/16 | |||||
| 10.69 | Placement Agency Agreement between Maxim Group LL and the Company dated July 29, 2016 | 8-K | 07/29/16 | |||||
| 10.70 | Form of Securities Purchase Agreement dated July 29, 2016 | 8-K | 07/29/16 | |||||
| *10.71 | 2017 Bonus Plan | 10-K | 03/30/17 | |||||
| 10.72 | Executive Employment Agreement between the Company and Eddie W. Glover dated March 28, 2016* | 10-K | 03/30/17 | |||||
| *10.73 | 2018 Bonus Plan | 8-K | 02/27/18 | |||||
| 10.74 | Underwriting Agreement dated January 9, 2015 | 8-K | 01/09/15 | |||||
| 10.75 | Executive Employment Agreement between the Company and Ronald B. Moss, M.D., dated as of February 28, 2017. | 10-K | 03/30/17 | |||||
| 10.76 | March 2017 Amended and Restated Line of Credit Promissory Note | 10-K | 03/30/17 | |||||
| 10.77 | March 2017 Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement between the Company and Bear State Bank | 10-K | 03/30/17 | |||||
| 10.78 | March 2018 Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement | X | ||||||
| 10.79 | March 2018 Amended and Restated Line of Credit Promissory Note | X | ||||||
| 21.1 | Subsidiaries of the Registrant | 10-K | 03/30/17 | |||||
| 23.1 | Consent of Mayer Hoffman McCann P.C., Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | X | ||||||
| 24.1 | Power of Attorney (See signature page) | X | ||||||
| 31.1 | Certification by CEO pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | X |
| 57 |
| Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||
| Exhibit
Number |
Exhibit Description | Filed Herewith | Form/
File No. |
Date | ||||
| 31.2 | Certification by CFO pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | X | ||||||
| 32.1 | Certification by CEO pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | X | ||||||
| 32.2 | Certification by CFO pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | X | ||||||
| 101.INS | XBRL Instance Document | |||||||
| 101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | |||||||
| 101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | |||||||
| 101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | |||||||
| 101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document | |||||||
| 101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | |||||||
| * | Represents a compensatory plan or arrangement. |
| ITEM 16. | FORM 10-K SUMMARY |
None.
| 58 |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of San Diego, State of California.
| ADAMIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION | ||||
| By: | /s/ DENNIS J. CARLO | |||
| Dennis J. Carlo | ||||
| Dated: March 15, 2018 | Chief Executive Officer | |||
Each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints each of Dennis J. Carlo and Robert O. Hopkins, true and lawful attorney-in-fact, with the power of substitution, for him in any and all capacities, to sign amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact, or his substitute or substitutes, may do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this report has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated:
| Name | Title | Date | ||
| Principal Executive Officer: | ||||
| /s/ DENNIS J. CARLO | Chief Executive Officer and Director | March 15,2018 | ||
| Dennis J. Carlo | ||||
| Principal Financial Officer
and Principal Accounting Officer: |
||||
| /s/ ROBERT O. HOPKINS | Vice President, Finance, | March 15, 2018 | ||
| Robert O. Hopkins | Chief Financial Officer and Secretary | |||
| Directors: | ||||
| /s/ DAVID J. MARGUGLIO | Director | March 15, 2018 | ||
| David J. Marguglio | ||||
| /s/RICHARD C. WILLIAMS | Chairman | March 15, 2018 | ||
| Richard C. Williams | ||||
| /s/ ROBERT B. ROTHERMEL | Director | March 15, 2018 | ||
| Robert B. Rothermel | ||||
| /s/ WILLIAM C. DENBY, III | Director | March 15, 2018 | ||
| William C. Denby, III |
| 59 |
ADAMIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016
| PAGE | ||
| REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM | F-1 | |
| CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS: | ||
| Consolidated Balance Sheets | F-2 | |
| Consolidated Statements of Operations | F-3 | |
| Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity | F-4 | |
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | F-5 - F-6 | |
| Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements | F-7 - F-29 |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and
Stockholders of Adamis Pharmaceuticals Corporation and Subsidiaries:
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Adamis Pharmaceuticals Corporation and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2017, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2017, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Going Concern Uncertainty
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has incurred recurring losses from operations, and is dependent on additional financing to fund operations. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) and our report dated March 15, 2018 expressed an unqualified opinion.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ Mayer Hoffman McCann P.C.
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2007.
San Diego, California
March 15, 2018
| F- 1 |
ADAMIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
| December 31, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| CURRENT ASSETS | ||||||||
| Cash | $ | 17,323,241 | $ | 4,090,651 | ||||
| Restricted Cash | 1,009,461 | 1,005,109 | ||||||
| Accounts Receivable, net | 830,090 | 805,372 | ||||||
| Inventories | 1,824,558 | 942,067 | ||||||
| Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets | 474,180 | 227,040 | ||||||
| 21,461,530 | 7,070,239 | |||||||
| LONG TERM ASSETS | ||||||||
| Security Deposits | 54,655 | 42,500 | ||||||
| Intangible Assets, net | 15,686,687 | 18,136,044 | ||||||
| Goodwill | 7,640,622 | 7,640,622 | ||||||
| Fixed Assets, net | 6,559,664 | 4,897,007 | ||||||
| Total Assets | $ | 51,403,158 | $ | 37,786,412 | ||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| CURRENT LIABILITIES | ||||||||
| Accounts Payable | $ | 2,919,120 | $ | 2,150,583 | ||||
| Deferred Revenue | 14,758 | 54,478 | ||||||
| Accrued Other Expenses | 2,300,672 | 1,609,625 | ||||||
| Accrued Bonuses | 1,069,021 | 465,393 | ||||||
| Bank Loans - Working Capital Line of Credit | 2,000,000 | 3,864,880 | ||||||
| Bank Loans - Building and Equipment, current portion | 483,992 | 465,965 | ||||||
| 8,787,563 | 8,610,924 | |||||||
| LONG TERM LIABILITIES | ||||||||
| Deferred Tax Liability, net | 485,002 | 828,556 | ||||||
| Building and Equipment Loans, net of current portion | 2,583,109 | 3,067,065 | ||||||
| Total Liabilities | 11,855,674 | 12,506,545 | ||||||
| COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES | ||||||||
| STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| Preferred Stock – Par Value $.0001; 10,000,000 Shares Authorized; Series Convertible, Zero and 625,013 Issued and Outstanding at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, Respectively. | — | 62 | ||||||
| Common Stock - Par Value $.0001; 100,000,000 Shares Authorized; 33,696,920 and 22,299,083 Issued, 33,389,380 and 21,991,543 Outstanding at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, Respectively. | 3,369 | 2,230 | ||||||
| Additional Paid-in Capital | 153,546,932 | 113,741,412 | ||||||
| Accumulated Deficit | (113,997,588 | ) | (88,458,608 | ) | ||||
| Treasury Stock - 307,540 Shares, at cost | (5,229 | ) | (5,229 | ) | ||||
| Total Stockholders’ Equity | 39,547,484 | 25,279,867 | ||||||
| $ | 51,403,158 | $ | 37,786,412 | |||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements
| F- 2 |
ADAMIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
| Year Ended
December 31, 2017 |
Year Ended
December 31, 2016 |
|||||||
| REVENUE, net | $ | 13,073,259 | $ | 6,473,978 | ||||
| COST OF GOODS SOLD | 7,419,988 | 4,853,664 | ||||||
| Gross Profit | 5,653,271 | 1,620,314 | ||||||
| SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES | 22,819,224 | 17,127,555 | ||||||
| RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | 7,526,784 | 9,697,136 | ||||||
| LOSS ON IMPAIRMENT OF FIXED ASSETS | 96,346 | — | ||||||
| Loss from Operations | (24,789,083 | ) | (25,204,377 | ) | ||||
| OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE) | ||||||||
| Interest Expense | (231,291 | ) | (214,396 | ) | ||||
| Interest Income | 102,233 | 9,285 | ||||||
| Inducement Expense for Exercise of Warrants | (960,230 | ) | — | |||||
| Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liability | — | 1,049,330 | ||||||
| Change in Fair Value of Warrant Derivative Liabilities | — | 348,141 | ||||||
| Total Other Income (Expense) | (1,089,288 | ) | 1,192,360 | |||||
| Net (Loss) Before Income Taxes | $ | (25,878,371 | ) | $ | (24,012,017 | ) | ||
| Income Tax Benefit | 339,391 | 4,574,765 | ||||||
| Net (Loss) | (25,538,980 | ) | (19,437,252 | ) | ||||
| Deemed Dividend on Preferred Stock | — | (1,374,229 | ) | |||||
| Net (Loss) Applicable to Common Stock | $ | (25,538,980 | ) | $ | (20,811,481 | ) | ||
| Basic & Diluted (Loss) Per Share: | ||||||||
| Basic & Diluted (Loss) Per Share | $ | (0.90 | ) | $ | (1.19 | ) | ||
| Basic Weighted Average Shares Outstanding | 28,349,368 | 17,500,827 | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements
| F- 3 |
ADAMIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
|
Series Convertible
Preferred Stock |
Common Stock |
Treasury
Stock |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount |
Additional
Paid-In Capital |
Shares | Amount |
Accumulated
Deficit |
Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance December 31, 2015 | 1,009,021 | $ | 101 | 13,739,199 | $ | 1,374 | $ | 78,339,143 | (307,540 | ) | $ | (5,229 | ) | $ | (69,021,356 | ) | $ | 9,314,033 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock Issued for
Exercised Warrants |
— | — | 52,288 | 5 | 177,774 | — | — | — | 177,779 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock Issued for
Exercised Options |
— | — | 11,966 | 1 | (1 | ) | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock Award - USC Employees | — | — | 6,669 | 1 | 59,087 | — | — | — | 59,088 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock Issued - Acquisition of USC | — | — | 1,618,539 | 162 | 10,245,190 | — | — | — | 10,245,352 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Release of Warrants Liability Upon Exercise | — | — | — | — | 160,245 | — | — | — | 160,245 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of RSU's | — | — | 5,590 | 1 | (1 | ) | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred Stock A-1 Issued, net of
issuance cost of $72,240 |
1,183,432 | 118 | — | — | 4,927,642 | — | — | — | 4,927,760 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred Stock A-2 Issued, net of
issuance cost of $82,337 |
1,724,137 | 172 | — | — | 4,917,487 | — | — | — | 4,917,659 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock Issued, net of
issuance cost of $843,141 |
— | — | 3,573,255 | 357 | 10,215,724 | — | — | — | 10,216,081 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1:1 Conversion of Series
Preferred Stock to Common Stock |
(3,291,577 | ) | (329 | ) | 3,291,577 | 329 | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share Based Compensation | — | — | — | — | 4,699,122 | — | — | — | 4,699,122 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net (Loss) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | (19,437,252 | ) | (19,437,252 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance December 31, 2016 | 625,013 | $ | 62 | 22,299,083 | $ | 2,230 | $ | 113,741,412 | (307,540 | ) | $ | (5,229 | ) | $ | (88,458,608 | ) | $ | 25,279,867 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock Issued, net of
issuance cost of $1,228,368 |
— | — | 4,928,572 | 493 | 16,021,141 | — | — | — | 16,021,634 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock Issued for
Exercised Options |
— | — | 2,678 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock Issued for Exercised Warrants, net of issuance fees of $100,109 | — | — | 5,841,574 | 584 | 16,766,066 | — | — | — | 16,766,650 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrant Inducement Cost | — | — | — | — | 960,230 | — | — | — | 960,230 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1:1 Conversion of Series
Preferred Stock to Common Stock |
(625,013 | ) | (62 | ) | 625,013 | 62 | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share Based Compensation | — | — | — | — | 6,058,083 | — | — | — | 6,058,083 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net (Loss) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | (25,538,980 | ) | (25,538,980 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance December 31, 2017 | — | $ | — | 33,696,920 | $ | 3,369 | $ | 153,546,932 | (307,540 | ) | $ | (5,229 | ) | $ | (113,997,588 | ) | $ | 39,547,484 | ||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements
| F- 4 |
ADAMIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| Year Ended
December 31, 2017 |
Year Ended
December 31, 2016 |
|||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES | ||||||||
| Net (Loss) | $ | (25,538,980 | ) | $ | (19,437,252 | ) | ||
| Adjustments to Reconcile Net (Loss) to Net | ||||||||
| Cash (Used in) Operating Activities: | ||||||||
| Stock Based Compensation | 6,058,083 | 4,699,122 | ||||||
| Stock Issued in Exchange of Services | — | 59,088 | ||||||
| Inducement Expense to Exercise Warrants | 960,230 | — | ||||||
| Deferred Revenue | (39,719 | ) | 54,478 | |||||
| Provision for Bad Debts | 62,910 | 21,288 | ||||||
| Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liability | — | (1,049,330 | ) | |||||
| Change in Fair Value of Warrant Derivative Liabilities | — | (348,141 | ) | |||||
| Depreciation and Amortization Expense | 3,063,553 | 2,534,628 | ||||||
| Loss on Impairment of Fixed Assets | 96,346 | — | ||||||
| Loss on Sale of Fixed Assets | 20,858 | — | ||||||
| Deferred Tax Provision | (343,554 | ) | (4,586,965 | ) | ||||
| Change in Assets and Liabilities: | ||||||||
| (Increase) Decrease in, Net of Impact of USC Acquisition: | ||||||||
| Accounts Receivable - Trade | (87,628 | ) | (363,000 | ) | ||||
| Inventories | (882,491 | ) | 1,891 | |||||
| Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets | (247,140 | ) | (92,681 | ) | ||||
| Security Deposits | (12,155 | ) | 42,500 | |||||
| Increase (Decrease) in, Net of Impact of USC Acquisition: | ||||||||
| Accounts Payable | 587,152 | (1,706,949 | ) | |||||
| Accrued Other Expenses and Bonuses | 1,169,960 | (988,944 | ) | |||||
| Net Cash (Used in) Operating Activities | (15,132,575 | ) | (21,160,267 | ) | ||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES | ||||||||
| Purchase of Equipment | (2,063,221 | ) | (121,103 | ) | ||||
| Purchase of Intangibles | (25,837 | ) | — | |||||
| Proceeds from Sale of Equipment | 1,100 | — | ||||||
| Cash from Acquisition of USC | — | 381,883 | ||||||
| Cash Payment to Former Shareholders of USC | — | (32 | ) | |||||
| Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Investing Activities | (2,087,958 | ) | 260,748 | |||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES | ||||||||
| Proceeds from Issuance of Common Stock, net of issuance cost | 16,021,634 | 10,216,081 | ||||||
| Proceeds from Issuance of Preferred Stock, net of issuance cost | — | 9,845,419 | ||||||
| Proceeds from Exercise of Warrants | 16,766,650 | 177,779 | ||||||
| Proceeds from Bank Loan - Line of Credit | — | 2,000,000 | ||||||
| Payment of Bank Loan | (2,330,809 | ) | (324,648 | ) | ||||
| Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities | 30,457,475 | 21,914,631 | ||||||
| Increase in Cash and Restricted Cash | 13,236,942 | 1,015,112 | ||||||
| Cash: | ||||||||
| Beginning, Cash and Restricted Cash | 5,095,760 | 4,080,648 | ||||||
| Ending, Cash and Restricted Cash | $ | 18,332,702 | $ | 5,095,760 | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements
| F- 5 |
ADAMIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| Year Ended
December 31, 2017 |
Year Ended
December 31, 2016 |
|||||||
| RECONCILIATION OF CASH AND RESTRICTED CASH | ||||||||
| Cash | $ | 17,323,241 | $ | 4,090,651 | ||||
| Restricted Cash | 1,009,461 | 1,005,109 | ||||||
| Total Cash and Restricted Cash | $ | 18,332,702 | $ | 5,095,760 | ||||
| SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION | ||||||||
| Cash Paid for Income Taxes | $ | 16,664 | $ | 18,987 | ||||
| Cash Paid for Interest | $ | 216,831 | $ | 229,635 | ||||
| SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH FINANCING AND | ||||||||
| INVESTING ACTIVITIES | ||||||||
| Series A-2 Preferred, Beneficial Conversion Feature | $ | — | $ | 1,374,229 | ||||
| Release of Warrant Liability Upon Exercise | $ | — | $ | 160,245 | ||||
| Increase in Accrued Capital Expenditures | $ | 306,100 | $ | — | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements
| F- 6 |
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
| NOTE 1: | NATURE OF BUSINESS |
The company formerly named Adamis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, or Old Adamis, was founded in June 2006 as a Delaware corporation. Effective April 1, 2009, Old Adamis completed a business combination transaction with Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or Cellegy. Before the merger, Cellegy was a public company and Old Adamis was a private company. In connection with the consummation of the merger and pursuant to the terms of the definitive merger agreement relating to the transaction, Cellegy was the surviving corporation in the merger and changed its name from Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc. to Adamis Pharmaceuticals Corporation (the “Company”, “Adamis Pharmaceuticals” or “Adamis”), and Old Adamis survived as a wholly-owned subsidiary and changed its corporate name to Adamis Corporation. The Company has three wholly-owned subsidiaries: Adamis Corporation; U.S. Compounding, Inc.; and Biosyn, Inc.
On April 11, 2016, Adamis Pharmaceuticals Corporation (the "Company" or "Adamis") completed its acquisition of U.S. Compounding, Inc., an Arkansas corporation ("USC"), pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated March 28, 2016 (the "Merger Agreement") and entered into by and among the Company, USC and Ursula MergerSub Corp., an Arkansas corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company ("MergerSub"). Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, MergerSub merged with and into USC (the "Merger"), with USC surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.
USC, which is registered as a drug compounding outsourcing facility under Section 503B of the U.S. Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act and the U.S. Drug Quality and Security Act, provides prescription compounded medications, including compounded sterile preparations and non-sterile compounds to patients, physician clinics, hospitals, surgery centers and other clients in many states throughout the United States. USC also provides certain veterinary pharmaceutical products for animals.
| NOTE 2: | GOING CONCERN |
The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared using the generally accepted accounting principles applicable to a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and liquidation of liabilities in the normal course of business. However, as shown in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Company has sustained substantial recurring losses from operations. In addition, the Company has used, rather than provided, cash in its continuing operations. We will need significant funding to continue operations, satisfy our obligations and fund the future expenditures that will be required to conduct the clinical and regulatory work to develop our product candidates. Without obtaining additional capital, it would be unlikely for the Company to continue as a going concern. Management intends to attempt to secure additional required funding through equity or debt financings, sales or out-licensing of product candidates or other intellectual property assets, seeking partnerships with other pharmaceutical companies or third parties to co-develop and fund research and development efforts, or similar transactions.
The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue in existence.
| NOTE 3: | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include Adamis Pharmaceuticals and its wholly-owned operating subsidiaries. All significant intra-entity balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Segment Information
The Company is engaged primarily in the discovery, development and sales of pharmaceutical, biotechnology and other drug products. Accordingly, the Company has determined that it operates in one operating segment.
| F- 7 |
Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and the differences could be material.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities at the date of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash refers to money that is held for a specific purpose and therefore not available to the Company for immediate or general business use. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company has restricted cash of approximately $1.0 million in the form of a certificate of deposit held by Bear State Bank as part of the collateral to the $2.0 million working capital line of credit.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable are reported at the amount management expects to collect on outstanding balances. Management provides for probable uncollectible amounts through a charge to earnings and credit to allowance for doubtful accounts. Uncollectible amounts are based on USC’s history of past write-offs and collections and current credit conditions. Provision for bad debts as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $84,000 and $21,000, respectively.
Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The costs of inventories are determined using the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method. Inventories consist of compounding formulation raw materials, work-in-process, currently marketed products, and device supplies. Monthly, the Company reviews the expiration dates of the raw materials and finished goods inventory, and a reserve for obsolescence is recorded based on the expiration dates. Reserve for obsolescence as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $795,000 and $109,000, respectively.
Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are recorded at historical cost or fair value as of the date acquired, and depreciated on a straight line basis with useful lives ranging from 3-30 years.
Acquisitions
The Company has engaged in business combination activity. The accounting for business combinations requires management to make judgments and estimates of the fair value of assets acquired, including the identification and valuation of intangible assets, as well as liabilities assumed. Such judgments and estimates directly impact the amount of goodwill recognized in connection with each acquisition, as goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of an acquired business over the fair value of its net tangible and identifiable intangible assets.
| F- 8 |
Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets
Goodwill, which has an indefinite useful life, represents the excess of purchase consideration over fair value of net assets acquired. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment at least annually during the fourth quarter, or more frequently if events occur indicating the potential for impairment. During its goodwill impairment review, the Company may assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. The qualitative factors include, but are not limited to, macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, and the overall financial performance of the Company.
In performing our goodwill impairment tests during 2017, we utilized the approach prescribed under ASC 350, as amended by ASU 2017-04, Intangibles — Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (“ASU 2017-04”), which we adopted on January 1, 2017. ASU 2017-04 requires that an entity perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value.
The Company evaluates its long-lived assets with definite lives, such as property and equipment, acquired technology, customer relationships, patent and license rights, for impairment by considering competition by products prescribed for the same indication, the likelihood and estimated future entry of non-generic and generic competition with the same or similar indication and other related factors. The factors that drive the estimate of the life are often uncertain and are reviewed on a periodic basis or when events occur that warrant review. Recoverability is measured by comparison of the assets’ book value to future net undiscounted cash flows that the assets are expected to generate.
We performed our annual impairment analysis as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, no impairment of goodwill or acquired intangibles was identified.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
Derivatives are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets and are measured at fair value. The treatment of gains and losses resulting from changes in the fair values of derivative instruments is dependent on the use of the respective derivative instrument and whether they qualify for hedge accounting. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, no derivative instruments qualified for hedge accounting. See Note 12 for further discussion of derivative instruments.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenues when all of the following criteria have been met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred; (3) the selling price is fixed and determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured. Revenues from our USC subsidiary consist of sales of compounded drugs for humans and animals, including sterile injectable and non-sterile integrative therapies. Sales discounts and rebates are sometimes offered to customers if specified criteria are met. Additionally, sales are generally made with a limited right of return under certain conditions. Revenues are recorded net of provisions for sales discounts and returns, which are established at the time of sale.
Cost of Sales
Our cost of sales includes direct and indirect costs to manufacture formulations and sell products, including active pharmaceutical ingredients, personnel costs, packaging, storage, royalties, shipping and handling costs, the write-off of obsolete inventory and other related expenses.
Claims Liabilities
Our USC subsidiary was self-insured up to certain limits for health insurance through February 28, 2017. Beginning March 1, 2017, USC elected to participate in a fully insured health insurance plan. The Claims Payable related to the self-insured plan at December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $0 and approximately $126,000, respectively.
| F- 9 |
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation transactions in which the Company receives employee services in exchange for options to purchase common stock. Stock-based compensation cost for restricted stock units (“RSUs”) is measured based on the closing fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Stock-based compensation cost for stock options is estimated at the grant date based on each option’s fair-value as calculated by the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation cost as expense ratably on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period.
Research and Development
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Non-refundable advance payments for goods and services to be used in future research and development activities are recorded as an asset and are expensed when the research and development activities are performed.
Legal Expense
Legal fees are expensed as incurred and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under the deferred income tax method. Under this method, deferred income taxes are determined based on the estimated future tax effects of differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities given the provisions of enacted tax laws.
Deferred income tax provisions and benefits are based on changes to the assets and liabilities from year to year. In providing for deferred taxes, the Company considers tax regulations of the jurisdictions in which they operate, estimates of future taxable income, and available tax planning strategies. If tax regulations, operating results or the ability to implement tax planning strategies vary, adjustments to the carrying value of deferred tax assets and liabilities may be required. Valuation allowances are recorded related to deferred tax assets based on the “more likely than not” criteria.
The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in accordance with accounting guidance which requires the Company to recognize the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would, more likely than not, sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more likely than not threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. At the adoption date, the Company applied the guidance to all tax positions for which the statute of limitations remained open. Upon implementation, the Company did not recognize any additional liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits. Accordingly, the adoption of the guidance had no impact on the Company’s financial statements. There have been no material changes in unrecognized tax benefits since April 1, 2010.
The Company is subject to income taxes in the United States and various states. The Company is no longer subject to the United States Federal, California or Florida income examinations by tax authorities for the years before the year ended March 31, 2013. The Company recognizes interest and penalty accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in its income tax expense, if any. No interest or penalties have been accrued for all presented periods.
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which was enacted in December 2017, had an impact on our income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2017. See Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements for further detail.
Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share
The Company computes basic loss per share by dividing the loss attributable to holders of common stock for the period by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. The diluted loss per share calculation is based on the treasury stock method and gives effect to dilutive options, warrants, convertible notes, convertible preferred stock and other potential dilutive common stock. The effect of common stock equivalents was anti-dilutive and was excluded from the calculation of weighted average shares outstanding. Potential dilutive securities for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 consist of outstanding warrants (3,189,052 and 9,194,044, respectively), outstanding options (6,726,594 and 4,320,409, respectively), outstanding restricted stock units (1,300,000 and 350,000, respectively), and convertible preferred stock (zero and 625,013, respectively).
The calculation of diluted loss per share requires that, to the extent the average market price of the underlying shares for the reporting period exceeds the exercise price of the warrants and the presumed exercise of such securities are dilutive to loss per share for the period, an adjustment to net loss used in the calculation is required to remove the change in fair value of the warrants from the numerator for the period. Likewise, an adjustment to the denominator is required to reflect the related dilutive shares, if any, under the treasury stock method.
| F- 10 |
| For the Year Ended
December 31, 2017 |
For the Year Ended
December 31, 2016 |
|||||||
| Loss per Share - Basic & Diluted | ||||||||
| Numerator for basic & diluted loss per share | $ | (25,538,980 | ) | $ | (20,811,481 | ) | ||
| Denominator for basic & diluted loss per share | 28,349,368 | 17,500,827 | ||||||
| Loss per common share - basic & diluted | $ | (0.90 | ) | $ | (1.19 | ) | ||
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).” Pursuant to ASU No. 2015-14 issued in August 2015, the effective date of ASU 2014-09 is for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that period. We adopted ASU 2014-09 utilizing the deferred effective date of January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method with the cumulative effect of the change recognized in retained earnings. The new guidance, referred to as ASC 606, requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers and replaces most of the existing revenue recognition standards in U.S. GAAP. A five step model will be utilized to achieve the core principle; (1) identify the customer contract, (2) identify the contract’s performance obligations, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied.
We have evaluated the impact that adoption of this new standard will have on our consolidated financial statements and we believe that the timing of revenue recognition and amount of revenue recognized will not change under the new standard. Accordingly, we expect that it will not have a material quantitative impact on our revenue recognition relating to sales of compounded pharmacy formulations and other pharmacy products by USC. We also determined that the modified retrospective adoption will have no impact on either the timing or amount of prior period revenues. As a result, any comparative information will not be restated and will continue to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods.
The standard also expands disclosures for revenue including disclosure of disaggregation of revenue into categories that depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flow are affected by economic factors. Accordingly, revenue from the Company’s USC subsidiary has been disaggregated to show the breakdown of revenue between sterile and non-sterile compounded products. This disaggregation was identified based on the increased regulatory environment surrounding sterile formulations. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, revenue from sterile formulations totaled approximately $7,892,000 and $2,836,000, respectively, and revenue from non-sterile formulations totaled approximately $5,181,000 and $3,638,000, respectively. No other qualitative impact of adopting this standard has been identified.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)”. The amendments under this pronouncement will change the way all leases with a duration of one year or more are treated. Under this guidance, lessees will be required to capitalize virtually all leases on the balance sheet as a right-of-use asset and an associated financing lease liability or capital lease liability. The right-of-use asset represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the specified lease term. The lease liability represents the lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease, measured on a discounted basis. Based on certain characteristics, leases are classified as financing leases or operating leases. Financing lease liabilities, those that contain provisions similar to capitalized leases, are amortized like capital leases are under current accounting, as amortization expense and interest expense in the statement of operations. Operating lease liabilities are amortized on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease as lease expense in the statement of operations. This update is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those reporting periods, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently assessing the impact of adopting this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. ASU 2017-04 simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under the new amendments, an entity should perform its annual or interim goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. This ASU is effective prospectively to impairment tests beginning January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. We adopted this guidance prospectively at the beginning of first quarter 2017, which will simplify our future goodwill impairment testing.
| F- 11 |
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, which clarifies when changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award must be accounted for as modifications. ASU 2017-09 will reduce diversity in practice and result in fewer changes to the terms of an award being accounted for as modifications. Under ASU 2017-09, an entity will not apply modification accounting to a share-based payment award if the award’s fair value, vesting conditions and classification as an equity or liability instrument are the same immediately before and after the change. ASU 2017-09 will be applied prospectively to awards modified on or after the adoption date. The guidance is effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect this new guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): I. Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features and II. Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception. Part I of this update addresses public entities that issue warrants, convertible debt or convertible preferred stock that contain down round features. Part II of this update recharacterizes the indefinite deferral of certain provisions of Topic 480 that now are presented as pending content in the Codification, to a scope exception. Those amendments do not have an accounting effect. This ASU is effective for public companies for the annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect this new guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
| NOTE 4: | CONCENTRATIONS |
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist principally of cash and accounts payable.
Cash
The Company at times may have cash in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) limit. The Company maintains its cash and restricted cash with larger financial institutions. The Company has not experienced losses on these accounts and management believes that the Company is not exposed to significant risks on such accounts.
Purchases and Accounts Payable
The Company had two vendors that had balances greater than 10% of trade accounts payable or accounted for more than 10% of total purchases for the year ended December 31, 2017. Vendor A had a balance that accounted for 25% of total accounts payable at December 31, 2017 and approximately 15% or $3.2 million in total purchases for the year ended December 31, 2017. Vendor B had a balance that accounted for 12% of total accounts payable at December 31, 2017 but did not account for more than 10% of total purchases. The Company has no exposure to the elimination of Vendor A and B, there are a number of companies which could provide the same services, and management believes, on comparable terms. Comparatively, the Company had one vendor (Vendor A) with purchases greater than 10% of the total purchases for the year ended December 31, 2016, with approximately $3.4 million in purchases and one vendor (Vendor C) with a balance that accounted for 13% of total accounts payable at December 31, 2016 and approximately $1.4 million in total purchases during the year ended December 31, 2016.
| F- 12 |
| NOTE 5: | ACQUISITION of U.S. COMPOUNDING |
On April 11, 2016, the Company completed the acquisition of U.S. Compounding, Inc., an Arkansas corporation (“USC”), pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated March 28, 2016 (the “Merger Agreement”), with USC and Ursula MergerSub Corp., an Arkansas corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (“Merger Sub”). Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub merged with and into USC (the “Merger”), with USC surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. Pursuant to the Merger and the Merger Agreement, all of the outstanding shares of common stock of USC were converted into the right to receive a total of 1,618,539 shares of Adamis common stock; and as described further below, in connection with the Merger and the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, the Company assumed approximately $5,722,000 principal amount of debt obligations and related loan agreements of USC and certain related entities.
The merger is accounted for as an acquisition of USC under the purchase method of accounting in accordance with FASB Accounting Standard Codification Subtopic 805—Business Combinations. The assets and liabilities of USC will be reflected at fair value on the balance sheet of the Company. The fair value of the assets and liabilities reflected in the financial statements and notes appearing in this Report on Form 10-K was based on the estimated value of USC as of April 11, 2016 (the date on which the Company acquired USC).
Total purchase price plus assumed debt is summarized as follows:
| Stock to Seller at Close | $ | 3,598,884 | ||
| Stock to Escrow | 1,899,000 | |||
| Incentive Stock to Seller | 4,747,500 | |||
| Plus: Assumed Liabilities | 5,722,558 | |||
| Total Purchase Price | $ | 15,967,942 |
The fair value of net assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
| Assets Acquired: | ||||
| Cash | $ | 381,883 | ||
| Accounts Receivable and Prepaid Expenses | 527,034 | |||
| Inventory | 943,958 | |||
| Fixed Assets | 5,202,356 | |||
| Intangible Assets | 12,419,000 | |||
| Goodwill | 7,640,622 | |||
| Total assets | 27,114,853 | |||
| Liabilities Assumed: | ||||
| Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses | 5,731,390 | |||
| Deferred Tax Liability, gross | 5,415,521 | |||
| Total Liabilities | 11,146,911 | |||
| Total Purchase Price Plus Debts Assumed | $ | 15,967,942 | ||
| F- 13 |
| NOTE 6: | INVENTORIES |
Inventories at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consisted of the following:
| December 31, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | |||||||
| Finished Goods | $ | 256,050 | $ | 329,195 | ||||
| Raw Material | 560,828 | 389,569 | ||||||
| Devices | 1,007,680 | 223,303 | ||||||
| $ | 1,824,558 | $ | 942,067 | |||||
Reserve for obsolescence as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was approximately $795,000 and $109,000, respectively.
| NOTE 7: | PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:
| December 31, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | |||||||
| Prepaid Insurance | $ | 75,592 | $ | 144,765 | ||||
| Other Prepaid | 390,569 | 39,775 | ||||||
| Other Current Assets | 8,019 | 42,500 | ||||||
| $ | 474,180 | $ | 227,040 | |||||
| NOTE 8: | FIXED ASSETS |
In 2017, certain USC operational assets stored at an off-site location in Arkansas were impaired. The off-site facility sustained flood damage. Due to the standing water and humidity, it was determined that the equipment would not meet environmental quality standards required to compound either sterile or nonsterile pharmaceutical, drugs and formulations. Most of the equipment damaged was larger, bulky equipment including hoods, incubators, table presses, and lyophilizers. The Company recorded a loss on impairment of approximately $96,000 for the net book value of the damaged assets.
Fixed assets at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are summarized in the table below:
| Description | Useful Life
(Years) |
December 31,
2017 |
December 31,
2016 |
|||||||||
| Land | $ | 460,000 | $ | 460,000 | ||||||||
| Building | 30 | 3,040,000 | 3,040,000 | |||||||||
| Machinery and Equipment | 3 - 7 | 1,525,643 | 1,393,226 | |||||||||
| Furniture and Fixtures | 7 | 126,654 | 129,630 | |||||||||
| Automobile | 5 | 9,395 | 9,395 | |||||||||
| Leasehold Improvements | 7 - 15 | 284,037 | 284,037 | |||||||||
| Total Fixed Assets | 5,445,729 | 5,316,288 | ||||||||||
| Less: Accumulated Depreciation | (959,380 | ) | (523,552 | ) | ||||||||
| Construction In Progress - Equipment | 2,073,315 | 104,271 | ||||||||||
| Fixed Assets, net | $ | 6,559,664 | $ | 4,897,007 | ||||||||
| F- 14 |
For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, depreciation expense was approximately $588,000 and $485,000, respectively. The additions to fixed assets during 2016 of approximately $5,323,000 were primarily due to the acquisition of USC and subsequent fixed assets purchased by USC. The additions to fixed assets of approximately $2,369,000 during 2017 were primarily due to the construction of the assembly line for our Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.3mg product, and additional fixed assets purchased by USC during 2017. For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded a loss on impairment of approximately $96,000, mentioned above, cash of approximately $1,000 and a loss on disposal of approximately $21,000 related to the disposals of fixed assets of approximately $271,000 with accumulated depreciation of approximately $153,000.
| NOTE 9: | INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL |
Intangible assets at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are summarized in the table below:
| December 31, 2017 | Gross
Carrying Value |
Accumulated
Amortization |
Net Carrying
Amount |
|||||||||
| Definite-lived Intangible assets, estimated lives in years: | ||||||||||||
| Patents, Taper DPI Intellectual Property, 10 years | $ | 9,708,700 | $ | (3,883,480 | ) | $ | 5,825,220 | |||||
| Transition Services Agreement, 1 year | 194,200 | (194,200 | ) | — | ||||||||
| FDA 503B Registration & Compliance, 10 years | 3,963,000 | (681,416 | ) | 3,281,584 | ||||||||
| Non-compete Agreement, 3 years | 1,639,000 | (939,389 | ) | 699,611 | ||||||||
| Customer Relationships, 10 years | 5,572,000 | (958,074 | ) | 4,613,926 | ||||||||
| Website Design, 3 years | 16,163 | (4,491 | ) | 11,672 | ||||||||
| Total Definite-lived Assets | 21,093,063 | (6,661,050 | ) | 14,432,013 | ||||||||
| Trade Name and Brand, Indefinite | 1,245,000 | — | 1,245,000 | |||||||||
| Symjepi™ Domain Name | 9,674 | — | 9,674 | |||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2017 | $ | 22,347,737 | $ | (6,661,050 | ) | $ | 15,686,687 | |||||
| December 31, 2016 | Gross
Carrying Value |
Accumulated
Amortization |
Net Carrying
Amount |
|||||||||
| Definite-lived Intangible assets, estimated lives in years: | ||||||||||||
| Patents, Taper DPI Intellectual Property, 10 years | $ | 9,708,700 | $ | (2,912,610 | ) | $ | 6,796,090 | |||||
| Transition Services Agreement, 1 year | 194,200 | (194,200 | ) | — | ||||||||
| FDA 503B Registration & Compliance, 10 years | 3,963,000 | (285,116 | ) | 3,677,884 | ||||||||
| Non-compete Agreement, 3 years | 1,639,000 | (393,056 | ) | 1,245,944 | ||||||||
| Customer Relationships, 10 years | 5,572,000 | (400,874 | ) | 5,171,126 | ||||||||
| Total Definite-lived Assets | 21,076,900 | (4,185,856 | ) | 16,891,044 | ||||||||
| Trade Name and Brand, Indefinite | 1,245,000 | — | 1,245,000 | |||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2016 | $ | 22,321,900 | $ | (4,185,856 | ) | $ | 18,136,044 | |||||
The additions during the year ended December 31, 2017 included the Symjepi™ domain name and USC's website design. Amortization expense for years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $2,475,000 and $2,050,000, respectively.
Estimated amortization expense of definite-lived intangible assets at December 31, 2017 for each of the five succeeding years and thereafter is as follows:
| Year ending December 31, | ||||||
| 2018 | $ | 2,476,091 | ||||
| 2019 | 2,083,034 | |||||
| 2020 | 1,925,267 | |||||
| 2021 | 1,924,370 | |||||
| 2022 | 1,924,370 | |||||
| Thereafter | 4,098,881 | |||||
| Total | $ | 14,432,013 | ||||
| F- 15 |
Goodwill recorded at the acquisition of USC was approximately $2,225,000. Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the consideration transferred over the net assets recognized and represents the future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized. Goodwill is not amortized but rather evaluated for impairment annually or more frequently, if indicators of impairment exist. If the impairment evaluations for goodwill indicate the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. In addition, for the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recorded a deferred tax liability of approximately $5,416,000 through acquisition goodwill. The carrying value of our goodwill as of December 31, 2017 was approximately $7,641,000. See Note 19 for the goodwill related to the tax impact of the acquisition of USC.
We perform our annual impairment testing as of December 31 each year. As of December 31, 2017, no impairment of goodwill or acquired intangibles was identified. We are not aware of an event or change in circumstances that would indicate the carrying value of any assets held by USC may be impaired as of the measurement date.
| NOTE 10: | ACCRUED OTHER EXPENSES |
Accrued other expenses at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:
| December 31, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | |||||||
| Accrued Commissions | $ | 247,197 | $ | 253,005 | ||||
| Accrued Expenses | 950,063 | 429,865 | ||||||
| Accrued PTO | 265,445 | 174,709 | ||||||
| Accrued Salaries | 345,695 | 205,700 | ||||||
| Accrued Sales Taxes | 480,895 | 372,675 | ||||||
| Accrued State Tax | 4,594 | 12,200 | ||||||
| Deferred Rent | 6,783 | 35,223 | ||||||
| Health Insurance Claims Payable | — | 126,248 | ||||||
| $ | 2,300,672 | $ | 1,609,625 | |||||
| NOTE 11: | DEBT |
Ben Franklin Note
Biosyn (a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company and previously a wholly owned subsidiary of Cellegy) issued a note payable to Ben Franklin Technology Center of Southeastern Pennsylvania (“Ben Franklin Note”) in October 1992, in connection with funding the development of Savvy, a compound then under development to prevent the transmission of HIV/AIDS.
The Ben Franklin Note was recorded at its estimated fair value of $205,000 and was assumed by Cellegy as an obligation in connection with its acquisition of Biosyn in 2004. The repayment terms of the non-interest bearing obligation include the remittance of an annual fixed percentage of 3.0% applied to future revenues of Biosyn, if any, until the principal balance of $777,902 (face amount) is satisfied. Under the terms of the obligation, revenues are defined to exclude the value of unrestricted research and development funding received by Biosyn from nonprofit sources. Absent a material breach of contract or other event of default, there is no obligation to repay the amounts in the absence of future Biosyn revenues. Cellegy accreted the discount of $572,902 against earnings using the interest rate method (approximately 46%) over the discount period of five years, which was estimated in connection with the Ben Franklin Note’s valuation at the time of the acquisition.
Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States emphasize market-based measurement through the use of valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable or market-based inputs. The Ben Franklin Note’s peculiar repayment terms outlined above affects its comparability with main stream market issues and also affects its transferability. The value of the Ben Franklin Note would also be impacted by the ability to estimate Biosyn’s expected future revenues which in turn hinge largely upon future efforts to commercialize the product candidate, the results of which efforts are not known by the Company. Given the above factors and therefore the lack of market comparability, the Ben Franklin Note would be valued based on Level 3 inputs (see Note 12) As such, management has determined that the Ben Franklin Note will have no future cash flows, as we do not believe the product will create a revenue stream in the future. As a result, the Note had no fair market value at the time of the merger in April 2009 between the Company (which was then named Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) and the corporation then-named Adamis Pharmaceuticals Corporation.
| F- 16 |
Secured Convertible Promissory Notes
On June 26, 2013, the Company completed the closing of a private placement financing transaction (the “Transaction”) with a small number of accredited institutional investors. Pursuant to a Subscription Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) and other transaction documents, we issued Secured Convertible Promissory Notes (“Secured Notes”) and common stock purchase warrants (“Warrants”) to purchase up to 764,960 shares of common stock (“Warrant Shares”), and received gross cash proceeds of $5,300,000, of which $286,349 was used to pay for transaction costs, fees and expenses. The Secured Notes had an aggregate principal amount of $6,502,158. The Secured Notes are no longer outstanding. The exercise price of the Warrants was subject to anti-dilution provisions providing that, with the exception of certain excluded categories of issuances and transactions, if we issue any shares of common stock or securities convertible into or exercisable for common stock, or if common stock equivalents are repriced, at an effective price per share less than the exercise price, without the consent of a majority interest of the investors, the exercise price would be adjusted downward to equal the per share price of the securities issued or deemed issued in such transaction.
The Warrants were exercisable for a period of five years from the date of issuance. The exercise price of the Warrants was initially $12.155 per share (and was subsequently reduced to $3.40 per share), which was 110% of the closing price of the common stock on the day before the closing. The Warrants provided for proportional adjustment of the number and kind of securities purchasable upon exercise of the Warrants and the per share exercise price upon the occurrence of certain specified events, and included price anti-dilution provisions which provided for an adjustment to the per share exercise price of the Warrants and, in certain instances, the number of shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants, if the Company issued common stock or common stock equivalents at effective per share prices lower than the exercise price of the Warrants. The Warrants included call provisions and, as described in great detail in the paragraph below, subject to a call notice given by the Company in May 2016, after expiration of the applicable call period all unexercised Warrants were cancelled in June 2016.
On May 31, 2016, the Company gave a Call Notice to all outstanding warrant holders to exercise the warrants. A Call Notice may be given only within 10 trading days after any 20-consecutive trading day period during which the volume weighted average price (“VWAP”) of the Company’s common stock is not less than 250% of the exercise price for the Warrants in effect for 10 out of such 20-consecutive trading day period. A holder must exercise the Warrant and purchase the called Warrant Shares within 14 trading days after the Call Date, or the Warrant will be cancelled with respect to the unexercised portion of the Warrant that was subject to the Call Notice. After the expiration of the applicable period, in June 2016 the holders of unexercised warrants were informed that the unexercised warrants subject to the Call Notice were canceled.
The Warrants with the embedded call option at issuance were valued using the Binomial Option Pricing Model (“BOPM”). The estimated fair value of a single Warrant, including the call option, was $2.329 per share and the estimated value of the Warrant anti-dilution reset feature was $1.2002 per share. As a result, the Company recorded liabilities for the warrant and warrant down-round protection derivative totaling $2,398,280. The warrant and warrant derivative liabilities at December 31, 2016 were zero with the cancellation of the June 2013 warrants, see Note 12.
Working Capital Line of Credit
On March 28, 2016, the Company entered into a loan and security agreement (sometimes referred to as the “Adamis Working Capital Line”) with Bear State Bank, N.A. (the “Lender” or the “Bank”), pursuant to which the Company may borrow up to an aggregate of $2,000,000 to provide working capital to USC, subject to the terms and conditions of the loan agreement. Interest on amounts borrowed under the Adamis Working Capital Line accrues at a rate equal to the prime interest rate, as defined in the agreement. Interest payments are required to be made quarterly. As amended effective March 31, 2017, the entire outstanding principal balance, and all accrued and unpaid interest and all other sums payable pursuant to the loan documents, are due and payable on March 1, 2018, or sooner upon the occurrence of certain events as provided in the loan agreement and related documents. In March 2018, we agreed with the lender to extend the maturity date of this loan to June 1, 2018. The Company’s obligations under the loan agreement are secured by certain collateral, including without limitation its interest in amounts that it has loaned to USC, and a warrant that the Company issued to the Bank to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price equal to par value per share, exercisable only if the Company is in default under the loan agreement or related loan documents.
On November 10, 2016, the Adamis Working Capital Line with the Bank was amended to include a Certificate of Deposit for $1.0 million as additional collateral to the working capital line of credit, and to make certain other amendments to the loan documents relating to the Adamis Working Capital Line. The $1.0 million in Certificate of Deposit with the Bank, included as collateral, was recorded as Restricted Cash.
As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the loan balance on the Adamis Working Capital Line of credit was $2,000,000. Interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $83,000 and $47,000, respectively.
Loans Assumed from Acquisition of USC:
Building Loan
In connection with the closing of the USC Merger and the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, 4 HIMS, LLC, an entity of which Eddie Glover, the chief executive officer of USC, and certain other former stockholders of USC are members, agreed to sell to the Company, the building and property owned by 4 HIMS on which USC’s offices are located, in consideration of the Company being added as an additional ”borrower” and assuming the obligations under the loan agreement, promissory note and related loan documents that 4 HIMS and certain other parties previously entered into with the Lender (the “4 HIMS Loan Documents”).
On November 10, 2016, a Loan Amendment and Assumption Agreement was entered with into the Bank. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company agreed to pay the Bank monthly payments of principal and interest of $15,411, with a final monthly payment and any other amounts due under the 4 HIMS Loan Document due and payable in August 2019.
As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the outstanding principal balance owed on the applicable note was approximately $2,347,000 and $2,441,000, respectively. The loan currently bears an interest of 3.75% per year and interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $91,000 and $81,000, respectively.
| F- 17 |
USC Working Capital Loan
In connection with the Merger, Adamis agreed to be added as a Borrower and to assume the obligations as a Borrower under the USC Working Capital Loan Agreement and related promissory note and other related loan documents (the “USC Working Capital Loan Documents”). Under the USC Working Capital Loan Agreement, Lender agreed to loan funds to USC, as the “Borrower,” up to an aggregate principal amount of $2,500,000, and evidenced by the USC Working Capital Note. Borrowings are limited to 80% of qualified trade accounts receivables and 50% of qualified inventories per the borrowing base agreement and are collateralized with trade accounts receivables and inventory.
On November 10, 2016, the Company and Lender agreed to amend the USC Working Capital Loan Documents to provide that the personal property securing the Loan will also secure the Borrower’s obligations under the other USC Loan Documents with the Lender. In addition, a new financial covenant replaced the previous financial covenants, providing that USC will, at all times during the term of the loan, maintain a “Cash Flow Coverage Ratio” of not less than 1.2:1. “Cash Flow Coverage Ratio” is defined as: (i) net income plus non-cash expense items including, but not limited to, depreciation expense, amortization expense and option expense for the month in which the measurement date occurs times 12; divided by (ii) the cash required for payments of interest for the prospective twelve (12) month period and current maturities of principal on all outstanding debt to any person or entity, including without limitation to debt by the Company to the Lender. The Cash Flow Coverage Ratio will be measured on the last day of each December, March, June and September, commencing on December 31, 2016. Under the amendment, in lieu of compliance with the foregoing covenant, Borrower has the option, at the time of each quarterly measuring period, of making a principal reduction in the amount of Two Hundred Fifty Thousand Dollars ($250,000).
In addition, pursuant to the amendment, Borrower and Lender agreed that certain other financial covenants set forth in the loan agreement included in the 4 HIMS Loan Documents, the loan agreement included in the Tribute Loan Documents, and the loan agreement included in the USC Equipment Loan Agreement, as well as the original USC Working Capital Loan Agreement described above, are waived for the remainder of the term of the respective loans. The amended loan had a maturity date of September 30, 2017. In May 2017, the Company paid the remaining balance of the USC Working Capital Loan. In November 2017, the Company agreed with the Lender to extend the term of the USC Working Capital Loan agreement to February 28, 2018. There was no outstanding balance on the USC Working Capital Line at its maturity date, and that agreement has not currently been renewed or extended.
As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the outstanding unpaid principal balance under the USC Working Capital Loan Agreement was approximately $0 and $1,864,000, respectively. The current interest rate on the loan is 3.75% per year, and interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $23,000 and $49,000, respectively.
Equipment Loans, Consolidated
Equipment Loan, Tribute. In connection with the Merger, Tribute Labs, LLC, a Nevada limited liability company and former related party of USC (“Tribute” or “Borrower”) assigned to Adamis all of its rights under the loan agreement, promissory note and related loan documents that Tribute and certain other parties previously entered into with the Lender (the “Tribute Loan Documents”). Adamis agreed to become an additional co-borrower and to assume Borrower’s obligations under the Tribute Loan Documents, in consideration of the transfer to USC of laboratory equipment owned by Tribute and used to perform testing services for USC’s products, and Lender consented to such assignment. The outstanding unpaid principal balance under the applicable note that was consolidated to one equipment loan was approximately $518,000. Prior to the consolidation, the loan had an interest rate of 4.75% per year.
USC Equipment Loan. In connection with the Merger, Adamis agreed to become a Borrower and to assume the obligations as a Borrower under the USC Equipment Loan Agreement and the related USC Equipment Loan Documents. Under the USC Equipment Loan Agreement, Lender agreed to loan funds to USC, as the ”Borrower,” up to an aggregate principal amount of $700,000, with amounts loaned evidenced by the Commercial Line of Credit Agreement and Note (the “USC Equipment Note”). The loan is collateralized by USC’s property and equipment. The outstanding unpaid principal balance under the USC Equipment Note that was consolidated to one equipment loan was approximately $635,000. The note had an interest rate of 3.25% per year.
Consolidated Equipment Loans. On November 10, 2016, the Company and the Lender agreed to the amendment and consolidation of the above USC and Tribute equipment loans. The principal amount of the consolidated loans is $1,152,890 with an interest rate of 3.75% per annum. The loan is payable in three years at an equal monthly amortization of $33,940 commencing on November 1, 2016, and continuing on the first day of each succeeding month through October 1, 2019. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the outstanding unpaid principal balance was approximately $720,000 and $1,092,000, respectively. Interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $34,000 and $37,000, respectively.
| F- 18 |
Loan Amendment, Forbearance and Assumption Agreement
In connection with our acquisition of USC in April 2016, Lender, Adamis, USC, 4 HIMS and Tribute (USC, 4 HIMS and Tribute sometimes referred to as the “Initial Loan Parties” and together with Adamis, collectively the “Loan Parties”), and certain individual guarantors, entered into a Loan Amendment, Forbearance and Assumption Agreement (the “Loan Amendment Agreement”).
Pursuant to the Loan Amendment Agreement, Adamis was added as a “Borrower” and co-borrower under the loan agreements and related loan documents between USC (and certain other entities) and Lender (the “USC Loan Documents”), and assumed all of the rights, duties, liabilities and obligations as a Borrower and a party under the USC Loan Documents, jointly and severally with the current borrower or borrowers under each of the USC Loan Documents.
In the Loan Amendment Agreement, the Initial Loan Parties acknowledged that the USC Loans were in default with respect to certain nonmonetary covenants contained in the USC Loan Documents. The Bank agreed that all obligations of the Bank to forbear from pursuing its available remedies to collect the obligations evidenced and secured by the USC Loan Documents shall conditionally exist until October 31, 2016 (the “Forbearance Period”). During the Forbearance Period, and subject to the terms of the Loan Amendment Agreement and the compliance by the Loan Parties with their obligations under the Loan Amendment Agreement, the Bank agreed that it would not pursue available remedies existing as a result of the Loan Parties’ failure to comply with the nonmonetary covenants of the Loan Parties as set forth in the USC Loan Documents. Upon the expiration of the Forbearance Period, all monetary and nonmonetary obligations of the Loan Parties as set forth in the USC Loan Documents will be fully reinstated or waived. As described above, in connection with the November 2016 amendments to the loan documents with the Bank, the nonmonetary covenants contained in the USC Loan Documents were amended and modified.
The Loan Parties agreed during the Forbearance Period to (i) continue to make all regularly scheduled payments of principal and interest due as set forth in the USC Loan Documents, and (ii) except to the extent modified in the Loan Amendment Agreement, comply with all covenants of the Loan Parties set forth in the USC Loan Documents. In the Loan Amendment Agreement, each Initial Loan Party reaffirmed its obligations under the USC Loans and made certain other representations, warranties and agreements regarding the USC Loans, and the Bank acknowledged that the applicable Borrower was current in its interest payments or other obligations under the applicable Loan Documents that are due and payable before the date of the Loan Amendment Agreement. The parties also agreed that the real and personal property securing each of the USC Loans will also secure each of the other USC Loans, as well as the Adamis Working Capital Line of $2.0 million.
Except as expressly set forth in the Loan Amendment Agreement, as amended, the terms and provisions set forth in the USC Loan Documents were not modified and remain in full force and effect. Subject to the satisfaction of all conditions precedent set forth in the Loan Amendment Agreement, the Bank consented to the transfer of the real and personal property by 4 HIMS and Tribute to Adamis and the foregoing acceptance and assumptions by Adamis. The Loan Amendment Agreement provide for a number of conditions precedent to Bank’s obligations under the agreement, including without limitation: (i) satisfactory title insurance and other insurance regarding the 4 HIMS Property; (ii) satisfactory lien searches and UCC-1 financing statements; (iii) any other document and agreements required by the Bank; (iv) accuracy of the representations and warranties set forth in the Loan Amendment Agreement; and (v) certain other customary conditions.
The notes are subject to customary subjective acceleration clauses, effective upon a material impairment in collateral, a material adverse change in the Company’s business or financial condition, or a material impairment in the Company’s ability to repay the note. As of December 31, 2017, the Company was not in breach of any of the debt covenants.
At December 31, 2017 the principal maturities of the amended long-term debts were as follows:
| For the Years Ending December 31 | Building Loan | Equipment Loan | Total | ||||||||||
| 2018 | $ | 97,396 | $ | 386,596 | $ | 483,992 | |||||||
| 2019 | 2,249,510 | 333,599 | 2,583,109 | ||||||||||
| Total | $ | 2,346,906 | $ | 720,195 | $ | 3,067,101 | |||||||
| F- 19 |
| NOTE 12: | DERIVATIVE LIABILITY AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS |
Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 815 - Derivatives and Hedging provides guidance to determine what types of instruments, or embedded features in an instrument, are considered derivatives. This guidance can affect the accounting for convertible instruments that contain provisions to protect holders from a decline in the stock price, or down-round provisions. Down-round provisions reduce the exercise price of a convertible instrument if a company either issues equity shares for a price that is lower than the exercise price of those instruments, or issues new convertible instruments that have a lower exercise price. We have determined that the conversion feature with the down-round provision on the warrants issued related to the Gemini notes, issued and repaid in the previous period, should be treated as a derivative liability. The Company is required to report the conversion feature liability and the derivative liability resulting from the down-round provision at fair value and record the fluctuation of the fair value in current operations.
The Company recognizes the derivative liabilities at their respective fair values at inception and on each reporting date. The Company values its financial assets and liabilities on a recurring basis and certain nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities on a nonrecurring basis based on the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In order to increase consistency and comparability in fair value measurements, a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes observable and unobservable inputs is used to measure fair value into three broad levels, which are described below:
| Level 1: | Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical assets or liabilities. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs. | ||
| Level 2: | Observable inputs other that Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in inactive markets; or model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from or corroborated with observable market data. | ||
| Level 3: | Unobservable inputs are used when little or no market data is available. The fair value hierarchy gives the lowest priority to Level 3 inputs. |
In determining fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible as well as considers counterparty credit risk in its assessment of fair value.
The Company recognizes the derivative liabilities at their respective fair values at inception and on each reporting date. The Company utilized a binomial option pricing model (“BOPM”) to develop its assumptions for determining the fair value of Warrants and related anti-dilution features.
There were no liability classified Warrants outstanding at December 31, 2017 and 2016. As shown in the table below, after the cancellation of the Warrants with call options the carrying value at December 31, 2016 was $0 and the carrying value of the down-round protection derivative for the same date was $0.
During the year ended December 31, 2016, a total of 52,288 warrants were exercised, reducing the fair value warrants and derivative liabilities and increasing Additional Paid in Capital by $160,245.
The table below provides a reconciliation of beginning and ending balances for the liabilities measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):
| Warrants | Warrant
Down-round Protection Derivative |
Total | ||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2015 | (1,174,312 | ) | (383,404 | ) | (1,557,716 | ) | ||||||
| Release of Warrants Liability upon Exercise | 124,982 | 35,263 | 160,245 | |||||||||
| Net Change in Fair Value | 1,049,330 | 348,141 | 1,397,471 | |||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2016 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||
The derivative liabilities are considered Level 3 liabilities on the fair value hierarchy as the determination of fair values includes various assumptions about future activities and stock price and historical volatility inputs.
| NOTE 13: | LEGAL MATTERS |
The Company may become involved in or subject to, routine litigation, claims, disputes, proceedings and investigations in the ordinary course of business, which in management’s opinion will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, cash flows or results of operations. Any such litigation could divert management time and attention from Adamis, could involve significant amounts of legal fees and other fees and expenses.
| F- 20 |
| NOTE 14: | LICENSING AGREEMENTS |
Viral Therapies
On July 28, 2006, the Company entered into a nonexclusive, royalty free license agreement with an entity for the technology used to research and develop new viral therapies, and an exclusive royalty-bearing license requiring a small percentage of revenue received by the Company on future products developed and sold with a payment cap of $10,000,000. The Company paid the entity an initial license fee and granted one of the entity’s officers the right to purchase 1,000,000 shares of common stock of the Company at price of $0.001 pursuant to a separate stock purchase agreement. The Company also granted the entity a royalty-free non-exclusive license to use any improvements made on the existing technology for research purposes only. The Company and the entity have the right to sublicense with written permission of each party. In the event that the entity sublicenses or sells the improved technology to a third party, then a portion of the total payments, to be decided by mutual agreement, will be due to the Company.
The Company is obligated to make the following milestone payments to the entity based on commencement of various clinical trials and submissions of an application to the FDA for regulatory approval:
| Amount | Date due | |||
| $ | 50,000 | Within 30 days of commencement of Phase I/II clinical trial. | ||
| $ | 50,000 | Within 30 days of commencement of a separate Phase II trial as required by the FDA. | ||
| $ | 300,000 | Within 30 days of commencement of a Phase III trial. | ||
| $ | 500,000 | Within 30 days of submission of a biological license application or a new drug application with the FDA. | ||
Total milestone payments are not to exceed $900,000 and can only be paid one time and will not repeat for subsequent products. At December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, no milestones have been achieved.
The agreement will remain in effect as long as the patent rights remain in effect. Adamis has the right to terminate the agreement if it is determined that no viable product can come from the technology. Adamis would be required to transfer and assign all filings, rights and other information in its control if termination occurs. Adamis would retain the same royalty rights for license, or sublicense, agreements if the technology is later developed into a product.
Either party may terminate the license agreement in the event of a material breach of the agreement by the other party that has not been cured or corrected within 90 days of notice of the breach.
Influenza Vaccine
On September 22, 2006, the Company entered into an agreement with an entity to manufacture an influenza vaccine for the Company. The agreement requires the Company to pay $70,000 upon commencement of the project, followed by monthly payments based upon services performed until the project is complete. No product has been manufactured and no payments have been made as of December 31, 2017. Once the project begins, the total payments will aggregate $283,420. The project has an open ended start time. Adamis may terminate the agreement upon notice to the other party, other than reimbursing the other party for non-cancellable materials and supplies ordered, and work in progress, through the date of the termination.
Colby Pharmaceuticals
On February 24, 2010, the Company entered into an agreement with Colby Pharmaceutical Company (“Colby”) to acquire three separate exclusive license agreements, covering three small molecule anti-inflammatory compounds, named APC-100, APC-200 and APC-300, for the potential treatment of human prostate cancer, or PCa, in exchange for shares of the Company’s common stock. Colby licensed the patents, patent applications and related intellectual property relating to the compounds pursuant to license agreements with a third party (“WARF”). Pursuant to the agreement as amended, on February 25, 2010, the Company was assigned and transferred the license agreement relating to the APC-300 compound in consideration of the issuance of 47,059 shares of common stock to Colby. The transfer of the license agreements relating to APC-100 and APC-200 occurred at a subsequent closing, pursuant to an amendment to the original agreement. Under the amendment, Colby assigned and transferred to the Company the license agreements relating to APC-100 and APC-200 in consideration for the issuance to Colby of 294,118 shares of the Company’s common stock. Additionally, the Company issued 73,529 shares to each of two parties related to Colby, for consulting services rendered to the Company in connection with the intellectual property covered by the license agreements.
| F- 21 |
On November 10, 2016, the Company delivered a notice of termination to WARF of the WARF Agreements, which such termination to be effective 90 days after delivery of the notice. These agreements permit either party to terminate the agreements upon prior notice to the other party, without termination fees or penalties. As a result of termination of these agreements, the Company will not be responsible after the effective date of termination for minimum annual payments under the agreements or for payment of patent-related fees and costs relating to the licensed patents and technologies. As part of the winding up and termination process, the Company is responsible for certain expenses and costs incurred through the effective date of termination, and certain provisions of the agreements survive the termination or expiration of the agreements.
Regents of the University of California and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
On April 18, 2011, the Company entered into an agreement with The Regents of the University of California (University) and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. (DFCI) to acquire the Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase as Antigen for Immunization in Cancer. The term of the agreement expires with the last expiration of the last patent covered by the license.
On November 10, 2016, the Company delivered a notice of termination to UCSD and DFCI of the UC/DF Agreement. Under the terms of the agreement, the notice of termination is effective 90 days after delivery. The agreement permits either party to terminate the agreement upon prior notice to the other party, without termination fees or penalties. As a result of termination of the agreement, the Company will not be responsible after the effective date of termination for minimum annual payments under the agreements or for payment of patent-related fees and costs relating to the licensed patents and technologies. As part of the winding up and termination process, the Company is responsible for certain expenses and costs incurred through the effective date of termination, and certain provisions of the agreements survive the termination or expiration of the agreement.
| F- 22 |
3M License and Asset Acquisition Agreement
On August 1, 2013, we entered into an agreement to initially license and, with an additional closing payment fully acquire from 3M Company and 3M Innovative Properties Company (“3M”), certain intellectual property and assets relating to 3M’s Taper Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI) technology under development for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, for total cash consideration of $10 million. The intellectual property includes patents, patent applications and other intellectual property relating to the Taper assets. We granted back to 3M a license to the intellectual property assets outside of the dry powder inhalation field.
The Company hired an independent valuation specialist to assist management with its determination of the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired to be used in research and development. Management is responsible for the estimates and valuations. The work performed by the independent valuation specialist has been considered in management’s estimates of fair value reflected below.
In addition to the patents and intellectual property, the Company also acquired a transition services agreement outlined in the asset purchase agreement, which provides the buyer certain knowledge transfer rights related to the Taper technology. 3M will provide around five hundred (500) hours of services to the Company as set forth in the letter agreement.
The following table summarizes the fair values of the identifiable assets acquired on December 27, 2013:
| Description | ||||
| Taper DPI Intellectual Property | $ | 9,708,700 | ||
| Equipment | 97,100 | |||
| 3M Transition Services Agreement | 194,200 | |||
| $ | 10,000,000 | |||
The values listed above were determined using the cost savings and discounted cash flow methods. Value is estimated based on the cost savings attributable to the asset being appraised which in this case was the transition service agreement. As with most income-based valuation methods, the cost (or royalty) savings method are generally estimated on an after tax basis and discounted using an after tax discount rate. The cost savings method was used to value the transition services agreement. Discounted cash flow analysis involves projecting monetary benefits directly associated with an asset and factoring them to reflect present value at a rate that considers the risk and rate of return associated with the subject asset. In the application of this approach, the value of the asset is considered to be the sum of the present values of the future cash flows received over the expected life of the asset. We applied the discounted cash flow method to estimate the fair value of the acquired intellectual property (patents and unpatented technology associated with the taper dry powder inhaler IP). In regards to the Taper DPI, we calculated the after-tax net income, or cash flow related to the technology and discounted the future income with a discount rate of 26.5%, a 5.0% premium over the weighted average cost of capital.
| NOTE 15: | COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES |
The Company may become involved in or subject to, routine litigation, claims, disputes, proceedings and investigations in the ordinary course of business, which in our opinion will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, cash flows or results of operations. Any such litigation could involve significant amounts of legal fees and other fees and expenses.
The Company previously entered into a lease agreement to occupy approximately 7,525 square feet leased premises with a term commencing December 1, 2014 (as amended, the “Lease”) and expiring on November 30, 2018. Average rent expense is approximately $23,000 per month, with a deposit of $170,000 which was due in November 2014. In December 2017, $42,500 of the deposit was applied to rent and the balance of deposit as of December 31, 2017 was $42,500. The base rent expense over the life of the lease is approximately $1,118,600. Total rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $279,650 per year.
On December 29, 2017, the Company entered into a First Amendment to Lease (the “Amendment") with the Lessor of the space, amending the Lease. Pursuant to the Amendment, the Company and Lessor agreed to extend the term of the Lease through November 30, 2023. The Amendment provides that the Company will pay its current base rent through November 30, 2018. Commencing on December 1, 2018 base rent will initially be $28,219 per month for the first 12 months and will increase annually to $31,760 for the 12 months ending November 30, 2023. The Amendment also provides for one option to expand pursuant to which the Company has a right of first refusal for an additional 3,457 square feet of certain office space within the property.
The Company has entered into a lease agreement for the planned expansion of the Company's compounding business, to lease a building consisting of approximately 44,880 square feet located in Conway, Arkansas. The agreement provides for an initial base rent of $12,155 per month for the first 12 months and will increase to $12,895 for the 12 months ending November 30, 2020. Average rent during the term will be $12,523 per month, with a previously paid deposit of $12,155.
| F- 23 |
Future minimum lease payments as at December 31, 2017 for each of the succeeding five years and thereafter are as follows:
| For the Years Ending December 31, | ||||||
| 2018 | $ | 409,354 | ||||
| 2019 | 490,083 | |||||
| 2020 | 491,504 | |||||
| 2021 | 360,145 | |||||
| 2022 | 370,950 | |||||
| Thereafter | 349,364 | |||||
| $ | 2,471,400 | |||||
| NOTE 16: | CAPITAL STRUCTURE |
On January 19, 2017, the Company issued 18,157 shares of common stock to an institutional investor in exchange for the cancellation of warrants to acquire 181,575 shares of common stock.
In March 2017, 625,013 shares of Series A-2 Convertible Preferred were converted into shares of common stock at a 1:1 ratio, with no shares of Series A-2 Preferred Shares remaining outstanding.
In April 2017, the Company completed the closing of an underwritten public offering of 4,928,572 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $3.50 per share. Net proceeds were approximately $16.0 million, after deducting approximately $1,228,000 in underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company. Raymond James & Associates, Inc. acted as the sole book-running manager of the offering and Maxim Group LLC acted as co-manager for the offering. The securities were issued by the Company pursuant to a “shelf” registration statement on Form S-3 that the Company previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (and a related registration statement), and a prospectus supplement and an accompanying prospectus relating to the offering filed in April 2017.
In June 2017, the Company issued common stock upon exercise of an investor warrant. The warrant holder exercised for cash at an exercise price of $2.98 per share. The Company received a total proceeds of approximately $321,000 and the warrant holder received 107,755 shares of common stock.
In July 2017, the Company issued common stock upon exercise of investor warrants. The warrant holders exercised for cash at exercise prices ranging from $2.90 to $3.40 per share. The Company received total of approximately $2,921,000 and the warrant holders received 914,514 shares of common stock.
On July 20, 2017, the Company and certain holders of warrants issued in the Company’s registered direct offering transaction in July 2016 (the “July Warrants”) agreed to reduce the exercise price of the July Warrants held by such holders from $2.98 to $2.78 per share (the “July Reduced Exercise Price”) in consideration for the exercise in full of the July Warrants held by such holders. The Company entered into a Warrant Repricing Letter Agreement (the “Exercise Agreement”) with two holders of the July Warrants (the “Exercising Holders”), which Exercising Holders owned, in the aggregate, July Warrants exercisable for 2,765,500 shares of common stock. Pursuant to the Exercise Agreements, the Exercising Holders and the Company agreed that the Exercising Holders would exercise their July Warrants with respect to all of the shares of common stock underlying such July Warrants for the July Reduced Exercise Price, subject to the 4.99% beneficial ownership limitations contained in the July Warrants. The Company received aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $7,688,000 from the exercise of the July Warrants by the Exercising Holders. In connection with the transaction, the Company recognized an expense for the inducement to exercise the warrants of approximately $553,000. The Company also incurred approximately $100,000 in placement agent fees, legal costs and other related fees, which have been recognized as an offset to the proceeds received from the warrant exercises.
In August 2017, the Company and certain holders of warrants issued in the Company’s private placement transactions in August 2014 (the “2014 Warrants”) and July 2016 (the “2016 Warrants”) agreed to reduce the exercise price of the 2014 Warrants and the 2016 Warrants held by such holders from $3.40 to $3.20 per share and from $2.90 to $2.70 per share, respectively, (the “August Reduced Exercise Price”) in consideration for the exercise of the 2014 Warrants and 2016 Warrants held by such holders. The Company entered into a Warrant Repricing Letter Agreement (the “Exercise Agreement”) with holders of the 2014 Warrants and the 2016 Warrants (the “Exercising Holders”), which Exercising Holders owned, in the aggregate, 2014 Warrants and 2016 Warrants exercisable for 880,672 and 1,154,976 shares of common stock, respectively. Pursuant to the Exercise Agreements, the Exercising Holders and the Company agreed that the Exercising Holders would exercise their 2014 Warrants and 2016 Warrants with respect to all of the shares of common stock underlying such 2014 Warrants and 2016 Warrants for the August Reduced Exercise Price, subject to the 4.99% beneficial ownership limitations contained in the 2014 Warrants and 2016 Warrants. The Company received aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $5,937,000 from the exercise of the 2014 Warrants and 2016 Warrants by the Exercising Holders. In connection with the transaction, the Company recognized an expense for the inducement to exercise the warrants of approximately $407,000.
| NOTE 17: | CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK |
August 2014 Series A Preferred Stock
In August 2014, the Company completed a private placement transaction with a small number of sophisticated investors pursuant to which the Company issued 1,418,439 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock and warrants to purchase up to 1,418,439 shares of common stock. The shares of Series A Preferred and warrants were sold in units, with each unit consisting of one share and one warrant, at a purchase price of $3.525 per unit. The Series A Preferred is convertible into shares of common stock at an initial conversion rate of 1-for-1 (subject to stock splits, reverse stock splits and similar events) at any time at the discretion of the investor. The exercise price of the warrants is $3.40 per share, and the warrants are exercisable for five years. If the Company grants, issues or sells any Common Stock equivalents pro rata to the record holders of any class of shares of Common Stock (the “Purchase Rights”), then a holder of Series A Preferred or warrants will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the holder could have acquired if the holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon conversion of the Series A Preferred or exercise of the warrants (without regard to any limitations on conversion). If the Company declares or makes any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of Common Stock, then a holder of Series A Preferred or warrants is entitled to participate in such distribution to the same extent as if the holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete conversion of the Series A Preferred or exercise of the warrants (without regard to any limitations on conversion). In accordance with the transaction agreements, the Company filed a registration statement with the SEC, which has been declared effective, to register the resale from time to time of shares of common stock underlying the Series A Preferred and the warrants.
| F- 24 |
The warrants include call provisions giving the Company the option, subject to various conditions, to call the exercise of any or all of the 2014 warrants, by giving a call notice to the warrant holders. We may give a call notice only within (i) if a holder and its affiliates beneficially own 2% or less of our outstanding common stock, then 10 trading days after any 20-consecutive trading day period during which the daily volume weighted average price of the common stock (the “VWAP”) is not less than 250% of the exercise price for the 2014 warrants in effect for 10 out of such 20-consecutive trading day period, and (ii) if holder and its affiliates beneficially own more than 2% of the outstanding common stock, five trading days after any 30-consecutive trading day period during which the VWAP of the common stock is not less than 250% of the exercise price then in effect for 25 out of such 30-consecutive trading day period. The exercise price of the 2014 warrants is $3.40 per share, and accordingly 250% of such exercise price is $8.50 per share. During a “call period” of 30 trading days following the date on which the call notice is deemed given and effective (with the call period being extended for one trading day for each trading day during the call period during which the VWAP is less than 225% of the exercise price then in effect during the call period), a holder may exercise the 2014 warrant and purchase the called warrant shares. Subject to the foregoing and to the other provisions of the 2014 warrants, if the holder fails to timely exercise the called 2014 warrant, the Company may cancel the unexercised called warrant (or portion thereof that was called). As of December 31, 2017, the investors have exercised 2014 warrants to acquire 1,418,439 shares of common stock (see Note 18), with no warrants remaining outstanding.
As of December 31, 2016, the investors have converted 1,418,439 shares of Series A Preferred into an equal number of shares of common stock, with no shares of Series A Preferred remaining outstanding.
January 2016 Series A-1 Preferred Stock
On January 26, 2016, the Company completed a private placement transaction with a small number of accredited investors pursuant to which the Company issued 1,183,432 shares of Series A-1 Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series A-1 Preferred”) and warrants to purchase up to 1,183,432 shares of common stock or Series A-1 Preferred. The shares of Series A-1 Preferred and warrants were sold in units, with each unit consisting of one share and one warrant, at a purchase price of $4.225 per unit. The Series A-1 Preferred is convertible into shares of common stock at an initial conversion rate of 1-for-1 (subject to stock splits, reverse stock splits and similar events) at any time at the discretion of the investor. The exercise price of the warrants is $4.10 per share, and the warrants are exercisable at any time over the five year term of the warrants. If the Company grants, issues or sells any Common Stock equivalents pro rata to the record holders of any class of shares of Common Stock (the “Purchase Rights”), then a holder of Series A-1 Preferred or warrants will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the holder could have acquired if the holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon conversion of the Series A-1 Preferred or exercise of the warrants (without regard to any limitations on conversion). If the Company declares or makes any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of Common Stock, then a holder of Series A-1 Preferred or warrants is entitled to participate in such distribution to the same extent as if the holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete conversion of the Series A-1 Preferred or exercise of the warrants (without regard to any limitations on conversion). Gross proceeds to the Company were approximately $5,000,000 excluding transactions costs, fees and expenses. In accordance with the transaction agreements, the Company filed a registration statement with the SEC, which has been declared effective, to register the resale from time to time of shares of common stock underlying the Series A-1 Preferred and the warrants. The January 2016 warrants include call provisions that are generally similar to the 2014 warrants. The exercise price of the January 2016 warrants is $4.10 per share, and accordingly 250% of such exercise price is $10.25 per share. The warrants to purchase 1,183,432 shares remain outstanding as of December 31, 2017.
As of December 31, 2016, the investors have converted 1,183,432 shares of Series A-1 Preferred into an equal number of shares of common stock, with no shares of Series A-1 Preferred Shares remaining outstanding.
July 2016 Series A-2 Preferred Stock
On July 11, 2016, the Company completed a private placement transaction with a small number of accredited investors pursuant to which the Company issued 1,724,137 shares of Series A-2 Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series A-2 Preferred”) and warrants to purchase up to 1,724,137 shares of common stock or Series A-2 Preferred. The shares of Series A-2 Preferred and warrants were sold in units, with each unit consisting of one share and one warrant, at a purchase price of $2.90 per unit. The Series A-2 Preferred is convertible into shares of common stock at an initial conversion rate of 1-for-1 (subject to stock splits, reverse stock splits and similar events) at any time at the discretion of the investor. The exercise price of the warrants is $2.90 per share, and the warrants are exercisable at any time over the five year term of the warrants. If the Company grants, issues or sells any Common Stock equivalents pro rata to the record holders of any class of shares of Common Stock (the “Purchase Rights”), then a holder of Series A-2 Preferred or warrants will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the holder could have acquired if the holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon conversion of the Series A-2 Preferred or exercise of the warrants (without regard to any limitations on conversion). If the Company declares or makes any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of Common Stock, then a holder of Series A-2 Preferred or warrants is entitled to participate in such distribution to the same extent as if the holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete conversion of the Series A-2 Preferred or exercise of the warrants (without regard to any limitations on conversion). Gross proceeds to the Company were approximately $5,000,000 excluding transactions costs, fees and expenses. In accordance with the transaction agreements, the Company filed a registration statement with the SEC, which has been declared effective, to register the resale from time to time of shares of common stock underlying the Series A-2 Preferred and the warrants. The July 2016 warrants include call provisions that are generally similar to the 2014 warrants. The exercise price of the July 2016 warrants is $2.90 per share, and accordingly 250% of such exercise price is $7.25 per share. As of December 31, 2017, the investors have exercised July 2016 warrants to acquire 1,531,723 shares of common stock (see Note 18), with 192,414 warrants remaining outstanding.
On the date of the issuance, the fair value of the common stock issuable upon conversion of the Series A-2 preferred stock was greater than the proceeds received for the Series A-2 Preferred. As such, the Company accounted for the beneficial conversion feature under ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options. The Company identified a deemed dividend charge of approximately $1,374,000 for the recognition of a discount on the Series A-2 Preferred, resulting from an allocation of the proceeds received between the warrants and the beneficial conversion feature embedded within the Series A-2 Preferred, which equals the amount by which the estimated fair value of the common stock issuable upon conversion of the issued Series A-2 convertible preferred stock exceeded the proceeds from such issuance. The deemed dividend on preferred stock was a non-cash transaction and reflected below the net loss in the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ending December 31, 2016, to arrive at the net loss applicable to common stock.
For the periods ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the investors have converted 625,013 shares and 1,099,124 shares, respectively, of Series A-2 Preferred into an equal number of shares of common stock, with no shares of Series A-2 Preferred Shares remaining outstanding as of December 31, 2017.
| F- 25 |
| NOTE 18: | STOCK OPTION PLANS, SHARES RESERVED AND WARRANTS |
The Company has a 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2009 Plan”). The 2009 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards, stock appreciation rights, performance stock awards, and other forms of equity compensation (collectively “stock awards”). In addition, the 2009 Plan provides for the grant of performance cash awards. The initial aggregate number of shares of common stock that may be issued initially pursuant to stock awards under the 2009 Plan was 411,765 shares. The number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance automatically increase on January 1 of each calendar year, from January 1, 2010 through and including January 1, 2019, by the lesser of (a) 5.0% of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding on December 31 of the preceding calendar year or (b) a lesser number of shares of common stock determined by the Company’s board of directors before the start of a calendar year for which an increase applies. On November 3, 2014, the number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2009 Plan increased by 1,000,000. On May 25, 2016, upon the approval of the Company’s stockholders at the annual meeting of stockholders, the number of shares reserved for issuance increased by 4,500,000. At December 31, 2017, the aggregate balance of shares reserved for issuance under the 2009 plan was 11,335,847. On January 1, 2018, pursuant to the provisions of the 2009 Plan, 1,669,471 shares were added to the shares reserved for issuance pursuant to awards under the 2009 Plan (see Note 20).
On February 7, 2017, the Company granted options to purchase 1,458,000 shares of common stock to the officers and employees of the Company under the 2009 Plan with an exercise price of $3.15 per share. The options will vest over a period of three years. These options were valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, the expected volatility was approximately 58%, the term was six years, the dividend rate was 0.0 % and the risk-free interest rate was approximately 2.17%, which resulted in a calculated fair value of $2,551,500.
On February 13, 2017, the Company granted options to purchase 388,750 shares of common stock to the employees of the Company under the 2009 Plan with an exercise price of $3.35 per share. The options will vest over a period of three years. These options were valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, the expected volatility was approximately 58%, the term was six years, the dividend rate was 0.0 % and the risk-free interest rate was approximately 2.24%, which resulted in a calculated fair value of $725,557.
From February 15, 2017 to March 31, 2017, the Company granted options to purchase 75,000 shares of common stock to the new hires of the Company under the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan with exercise prices ranging from $3.40 to $4.25 per share. These options will vest with respect to the one-sixth of the option shares on the date that is six months after the vesting commencement date and one thirty-sixth of the option shares thereafter on each subsequent monthly anniversary of the vesting commencement date, so that the option is exercisable in full over a period of three years. These options were valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, the expected volatility was approximately 58%, the term was six years, the dividend rate was 0.0 % and the risk-free interest rate was approximately 2.22%, which resulted in a calculated fair value of $145,804.
On February 28, 2017, the Company granted a stock option to purchase 210,000 shares of common stock to a newly hired employee of the Company under the 2009 Plan with exercise price of $3.45 per share. The options will vest with respect to the one-third of the option shares on the date that is one year after the grant date of the option and one thirty-sixth of the option shares thereafter on each subsequent monthly anniversary of the vesting commencement date, so that the option is exercisable in full over a period of three years. The option was valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model; the expected volatility was approximately 58%, the term was six years, the dividend rate was 0.0% and the risk-free interest rate was approximately 2.19%. The calculated fair value of the options was $403,200.
On June 8, 2017, the Company granted options to purchase 90,000 shares of common stock to the non-employee directors of the Company under the 2009 Plan with an exercise price of $4.10 per share. The options will vest over a period of three years. These options were valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, the expected volatility was approximately 57%, the term was six years, the dividend rate was 0.0 % and the risk-free interest rate was approximately 2.0%, which resulted in a calculated fair value of $201,600.
During the quarter ended June 30, 2017, the Company granted options to purchase 90,000 shares of common stock to the new hires of the Company under the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan with exercise prices ranging from $3.50 to $4.60 per share. These options will vest with respect to the one-sixth of the option shares on the date that is six months after the vesting commencement date and one thirty-sixth of the option shares thereafter on each subsequent monthly anniversary of the vesting commencement date, so that the option is exercisable in full over a period of three years. These options were valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, the expected volatility was approximately 57%, the term was six years, the dividend rate was 0.0 % and the risk-free interest rate was approximately 2.1%, which resulted in a calculated fair value of $203,069.
During the quarter ended September 30, 2017, the Company granted options to purchase 285,000 shares of common stock to the new hires of the Company under the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan with exercise prices ranging from $4.50 to $5.65 per share. These options will vest with respect to the one-sixth of the option shares on the date that is six months after the vesting commencement date and one thirty-sixth of the option shares thereafter on each subsequent monthly anniversary of the vesting commencement date, so that the option is exercisable in full over a period of three years. These options were valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, the expected volatility was approximately 58%, the term was six years, the dividend rate was 0.0 % and the risk-free interest rate was approximately 2.1%, which resulted in a calculated fair value of $814,991.
During the quarter ended December 31, 2017, the Company granted options to purchase 90,000 shares of common stock to the new hires of the Company under the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan with exercise prices ranging from $4.00 to $4.55 per share. These options will vest with respect to the one-sixth of the option shares on the date that is six months after the vesting commencement date and one thirty-sixth of the option shares thereafter on each subsequent monthly anniversary of the vesting commencement date, so that the option is exercisable in full over a period of three years. These options were valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, the expected volatility was approximately 57%, the term was six years, the dividend rate was 0.0 % and the risk-free interest rate was approximately 2.3%, which resulted in a calculated fair value of $211,480.
| F- 26 |
During the year ended December 31, 2017, vested but unexercised options and unvested options to purchase 282,163 shares of common stock were canceled following the holders’ termination of employment.
The following summarizes the stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 below:
| 2009
Equity Incentive Plan |
Weighted
Average Exercise Price |
Weighted
Average Remaining Contract Life |
||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2015 | 2,112,800 | $ | 5.60 | 8.05 years | ||||||||
| Options Granted | 2,520,697 | 6.58 | 8.80 years | |||||||||
| Options Exercised | (46,379 | ) | 5.07 | — | ||||||||
| Options Canceled | (266,709 | ) | 7.44 | — | ||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2016 | 4,320,409 | $ | 6.06 | 7.98 years | ||||||||
| Options Granted | 2,696,750 | 3.54 | 9.26 years | |||||||||
| Options Exercised | (8,402 | ) | 3.17 | — | ||||||||
| Options Canceled | (282,163 | ) | 6.23 | — | ||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2017 | 6,726,594 | $ | 5.05 | 8.17 years | ||||||||
| Exercisable at December 31, 2017 | 3,835,992 | $ | 5.51 | 7.07 years | ||||||||
Stock based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $6,058,000 and $4,699,000, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, unrecognized compensation expense related to these stock options was approximately $6.9 million and will be recorded as compensation expense over the next three years.
The aggregate intrinsic value (the difference between the Company’s closing stock price on the last trading day of the year and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) of 6,726,594 and 4,320,409 stock options outstanding at December 31, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $2,980,000 and $26,000, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of 3,835,992 and 2,319,963 stock options exercisable at December 31, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $1,009,000 and $1,000, respectively.
The Company has reserved shares of common stock for issuance upon conversion or exercise at December 31, 2017 as follows:
| Warrants | 3,189,052 | |||
| RSU | 1,300,000 | |||
| 2009 Equity Incentive Plan | 6,726,594 | |||
| Total Shares Reserved | 11,215,646 |
The following table summarizes warrants outstanding at December 31, 2017:
| Warrant
Shares |
Exercise
Price Per Share |
Date Issued | Expiration Date | |||||||||
| Old Adamis Warrants | 58,824 | $ | 8.50 | November 15, 2007 | November 15, 2018 | |||||||
| 2013 Private Placement | 22,057 | $ | 12.16 | June 26, 2013 | June 25, 2018 | |||||||
| Underwriter Warrants | 28,108 | $ | 7.44 | December 12, 2013 | December 12, 2018 | |||||||
| Underwriter Warrants | 4,217 | $ | 7.44 | January 16, 2014 | January 16, 2019 | |||||||
| Preferred Stock Series A-1 Warrants | 1,183,432 | $ | 4.10 | January 26, 2016 | January 26, 2021 | |||||||
| Bear State Bank, Collateral to Line of Credit | 1,000,000 | * | $ | 0.0001 | March 28, 2016 | |||||||
| Preferred Stock Series A-2 Warrants | 192,414 | $ | 2.90 | July 16, 2016 | July 11, 2021 | |||||||
| 2016 Common Stock, Private Placement | 700,000 | $ | 2.98 | August 3, 2016 | August 3, 2021 | |||||||
| Total Warrants | 3,189,052 | |||||||||||
*Exercisable upon default of Line of Credit at Bear State Bank, see Note 11.
| F- 27 |
On March 6, 2013, the Company issued RSUs covering 42,707 shares of common stock to directors, officers and employees of the Company under the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan. The value of the award per share was $11.39. A portion of the award vests on the first anniversary date of issuance with the remaining vesting annually in equal amounts over 2 years. The fair value of RSUs is $486,433. On August 25, 2016, 5,590 RSUs vested and were issued as common stock. The Company recorded compensation expense, related to these RSU's, of $0 and $15,922 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Unrecognized compensation expense related to these RSUs as of December 31, 2017 was zero.
On May 25, 2016, the Company issued RSUs covering of 350,000 shares of common stock to the non-employee directors of the Company under the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan. The value of the award per share is $8.46 and will vest 100% on the seventh year anniversary from grant date. The fair value of RSUs is $2,961,000. The Company recorded compensation expense, related to these RSU's, of $423,000 and $253,335 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. Unrecognized compensation expense related to these RSUs as of December 31, 2017 was $2,284,665.
On March 1, 2017, the Company issued RSUs covering 950,000 shares of common stock to officers and employees of the Company under the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan. The value of the award per share was $3.50 and will vest 100% on the seventh year anniversary from grant. The fair value of RSUs is $3,325,000. The Company recorded compensation expense, related to these RSU's, of $395,833 for the year ended December 31, 2017. Unrecognized compensation expense related to these RSUs as of December 31, 2017 was $2,929,167.
| NOTE 19: | INCOME TAXES |
At December 31, 2017, the Company had available NOL carry forwards of approximately $81 million for federal income tax purposes, which will begin to expire in 2027. The NOL carry forwards for state purposes are approximately $49 million, which will begin to expire in 2031.
Pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Section 382, the annual use of the net operating loss carry forwards and research and development tax credits could be limited by any greater than 50% ownership change during any three year testing period. As a result of any such ownership change, portions of our net operating loss carry forwards and research and development tax credits are subject to annual limitations. The Company completed a Section 382 analysis for the period from June 6, 2006 through September 30, 2017. Based upon the analysis, the Company determined that ownership changes have occurred in prior years. Based on our analysis of our stockholder activity for the three months ended December 31, 2017, there does not appear to be any additional ownership changes that would have caused an additional annual limitation under the provisions of Section 382.
ASC 740 requires that the tax benefit of net operating losses, temporary differences and credit carryforwards be recorded as an asset to the extent that management assesses that realization is "more likely than not." Realization of the future tax benefits is dependent on the Company's ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carryforward period. Because of the Company's recent history of operating losses, management believes that recognition of the deferred tax assets arising from the above-mentioned future tax benefits is currently not likely to be realized and, accordingly, has provided a valuation allowance.
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was enacted on December 22, 2017. The Act includes a number of changes to existing U.S. tax laws, most notably the reduction of the U.S. federal and corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% beginning in 2018. At December 31, 2017, the Company remeasured its deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the rates at which they are expected to reverse in the future, which is generally 21%. The remeasurement of the net deferred tax liability resulted in a provision benefit of $339,000 recorded through continuing operations.
The benefit for income taxes from continuing operations consists of the following for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:
| December 31, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | |||||||
| Current | $ | 4,000 | $ | 12,000 | ||||
| Deferred | 256,000 | (7,061,000 | ) | |||||
| Total | 260,000 | (7,049,000 | ) | |||||
| Change in Valuation Allowance | (599,000 | ) | 2,474,000 | |||||
| Tax Benefit, net | $ | (339,000 | ) | $ | (4,575,000 | ) | ||
| F- 28 |
At December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 the significant components of the deferred tax assets from continuing operations are summarized below:
| December 31, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | |||||||
| Deferred Tax Assets | ||||||||
| Net Operating Losses Carry forwards | $ | 20,137,400 | $ | 22,998,800 | ||||
| Tax Credits | 1,253,500 | — | ||||||
| Stock Compensation | 736,100 | 739,100 | ||||||
| Accrued Expenses | 651,400 | 678,600 | ||||||
| Other | 1,900 | — | ||||||
| Total Deferred Tax Assets | 22,780,300 | 24,416,500 | ||||||
| Valuation Allowance | (20,838,600 | ) | (20,239,100 | ) | ||||
| $ | 1,941,700 | $ | 4,177,400 | |||||
| Deferred Tax Liabilities | ||||||||
| Intangibles | $ | (2,080,700 | ) | $ | (4,605,400 | ) | ||
| Fixed Assets | (346,000 | ) | (400,600 | ) | ||||
| Total Deferred Tax Liabilities | (2,426,700 | ) | (5,006,000 | ) | ||||
| Net Deferred Tax Liability | $ | (485,000 | ) | $ | (828,600 | ) | ||
Deferred income taxes are provided for the temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of the Company’s assets and liabilities.
The Company has determined at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 that a full valuation allowance would be required against of all our operating loss carry forwards and deferred tax assets that we do not expect to be utilized by deferred tax liabilities.
The following table reconciles our losses from continuing operations before income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
| December 31,
2017 |
December 31,
2016 |
|||||||||||||||
| Federal Statutory Rate | $ | (8,800,000 | ) | 34.00 | % | $ | (8,167,000 | ) | 34.00 | % | ||||||
| State Income Tax, net of Federal Tax | (305,000 | ) | 1.18 | % | (911,000 | ) | 3.83 | % | ||||||||
| Other Permanent Differences | 1,669,000 | (6.45 | %) | 925,000 | (3.85 | %) | ||||||||||
| Prior Year True-Up | — | — | 1,323,000 | (5.51 | %) | |||||||||||
| Section 382 Analysis and Other | (1,657,000 | ) | 6.40 | % | — | — | ||||||||||
| Tax Cuts and Jobs Act | 9,408,000 | (36.35 | %) | — | — | |||||||||||
| Research and Development Credits | (1,253,000 | ) | 4.84 | % | — | — | ||||||||||
| Change in State Rate | — | — | (219,000 | ) | 0.88 | % | ||||||||||
| Change in Valuation Allowance | 599,000 | (2.31 | %) | 2,474,000 | (10.30 | %) | ||||||||||
| Expected Tax Benefit | $ | (339,000 | ) | 1.31 | % | $ | (4,575,000 | ) | 19.05 | % | ||||||
Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are recognized as a component of income tax expense. For the tax year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized no interest or penalties.
| NOTE 20: | SUBSEQUENT EVENTS |
On January 1, 2018, pursuant to the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (Note 18) the number of shares reserved for the issuance of stock awards increased by 1,669,471 shares.
| F- 29 |
ADAMIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION 10-K
Exhibit 10.78
Loan No. 5000279900
MARCH 2018 AMENDMENT TO LOAN AND SECURITY AGREEMENT
THIS MARCH 2018 AMENDMENT TO LOAN AND SECURITY AGREEMENT (the “March 2018 Amendment”) is entered into this 13th day of March, 2018, with an effective date of March 1, 2018, by and between BEAR STATE BANK, N.A., a national banking association (“Lender”), and ADAMIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation (“Borrower”).
WHEREAS, Lender extended a business loan to Borrower, in the initial amount of Two Million and No/100 United States Dollars ($2,000,000.00) (the “Loan”), as set forth in that certain Loan and Security Agreement by and between Lender and Borrower dated March 2016 (collectively, with all previous amendments thereto, the “Loan Agreement”); and
WHEREAS, Borrower and Lender desire the Loan Agreement be amended as set forth in this March 2018 Amendment, but that all other terms, conditions, and provisions of the Loan Agreement remain in full force and effect solely except as set forth in this March 2018 Amendment;
WHEREAS, Borrower hereby intends to and by execution hereof ratifies and affirms Borrower’s unqualified and unconditional liability on all indebtedness of the Loan;
NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of Lender’s agreement to the amendments set forth in this March 2018 Amendment, the Loan Agreement, and the covenants, warranties and representations of Borrower contained herein, Ten Dollars ($10.00) and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged by all parties, it is agreed as follows:
AGREEMENTS
The recitals set forth above are not mere recitals of fact but are contractual in nature and are intended by the parties to be incorporated into this March 2018 Amendment by reference, except in the event of a conflict between the incorporated recitals and the numbered sections of this March 2018 Amendment, the numbered sections of this March 2018 Amendment shall control. Terms and provisions which are not otherwise defined herein shall have the same meanings as set forth in the Loan Agreement.
1.
Extension of Maturity of Loan. Borrower and Lender agree the Maturity Date of the indebtedness evidenced by the Loan Agreement and the other documents evidencing and securing the Loan, shall be June 1, 2018, as full set forth in that certain March 2018 Amended and Restated Line of Credit Promissory Note [Closed End Multiple Advance Note] executed of even date herewith (the “March 2018 Note”).
2.
Estoppel; Waiver; Ratification and Release. For and in consideration of the maturity extension granted by Lender herein, Ten United States Dollars ($10.00) and other good and valuable consideration, receipt and sufficiency being acknowledged, Borrower, as evidenced by its signature below, agrees and acknowledges its unqualified and unconditional obligation for the Indebtedness without defense, affirmative defense, counterclaim, right of setoff or other impediment to collection, and the same, if existing, being expressly released and waived by Borrower in consideration for Lender entering into this March 2018 Amendment.
3.
UCC. Notwithstanding any provisions hereof or execution by Lender, this March 2018 Amendment (and all documents executed in connection herewith) shall be voidable at the option of Lender should any lien searches or other confirmatory title information regarding the Collateral (to be provided at the expense of Borrower) reflect any default under the Loan or creation of any adverse claim or interest regarding the Collateral. In addition, Borrower authorizes Lender to file any and all initial, amendatory or continuation Uniform Commercial Code filings deemed necessary by Lender.
4. Good Standing of Borrower. Notwithstanding any provisions hereof or execution by Lender, this March 2018 Amendment (and all documents executed in connection herewith) shall be voidable at the option of Lender in the event Borrower is not validly existing and under its state of formation at the time of execution of this March 2018 Amendment.
5.
No Further Modifications. Except as expressly set forth above, the terms and provisions of the Loan Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.
[Signatures appear on following page.]
| 2 |
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have duly executed this March 2018 Amendment this 13th day of March, 2018, with an effective date of March 1, 2018.
| BORROWER: | |||
| ADAMIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION, | |||
| a Delaware corporation | |||
| By: | /s/ ROBERT O. HOPKINS | ||
| Name: | Robert O. Hopkins | ||
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer | ||
| LENDER: | |||
| BEAR STATE BANK, N.A. | |||
| a national banking association | |||
| By: | /s/ STEVE MOORE | ||
| Name: | Steve Moore | ||
| Title: | Executive Vice President | ||
| 3 |
ADAMIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION 10-K
Exhibit 10.79
Loan No. ___________________
MARCH 2018 AMENDED AND RESTATED
LINE OF CREDIT PROMISSORY NOTE
[CLOSED END MULTIPLE ADVANCE NOTE]
$2,000,000.00
March 1, 2018
Little Rock, Arkansas
FOR VALUE RECEIVED, ADAMIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation whose address is 11682 El Camino Real, Suite 300 San Diego, CA 92130 (“Maker”), promises to pay to the order of BEAR STATE BANK, N.A., a national banking association whose mailing address is 900 South Shackleford, Suite 401, Little Rock, Arkansas 72211, its successors and assigns (“Bank”), or to the order of any subsequent holder hereof, in lawful money of the United States of America, the principal sum of Two Million and No/100 United States Dollars ($2,000,000.00), or so much as may be advanced hereunder, together with interest on the unpaid principal balance (calculated on the basis of a hypothetical year of three hundred sixty (360) days, but multiplied by the actual number of days in the interest calculation period), from the date hereof at a variable rate which shall, from day to day, be equal to the lesser of: (a) the maximum rate of interest which Bank may lawfully charge under applicable law in effect from time to time (the “Maximum Rate”), or (b) a rate equal to the sum of: (i) the prime commercial rate of interest charged by banks in New York, New York, as reflected in the Central Edition of The Wall Street Journal (the “Prime Rate”). The interest rate shall be adjusted daily. Maker further agrees changes in the Prime Rate shall automatically result in a change in the interest charged pursuant to this March 2018 Amended and Restated Line of Credit Promissory Note [Closed End Multiple Advance Note] (the “March 2018 Note”), and such change in the interest rate shall be effective regardless of notice to Maker, resulting in recomputation of the required monthly payment of principal and interest.
In the event the foregoing provisions should be construed by a court of competent jurisdiction not to constitute a valid, enforceable designation of a rate of interest or method of determining same, the unpaid principal balance pursuant to this March 2018 Note shall bear interest at the Maximum Rate. Repayment of the indebtedness represented hereby shall be as follows:
Commencing on April 1, 2018, Maker shall pay to Bank monthly payments of accrued and unpaid interest, with the entire outstanding principal balance, all accrued and unpaid interest and all other sums payable pursuant to this March 2018 Note, the Loan and Security Agreement of even date herewith between Maker and Bank, or any of the other Security Documents (defined below) being absolutely and unconditionally due and payable on June 1, 2018 (the “Maturity Date”), unless sooner provided.
Bank undertakes no obligation to extend the maturity of this March 2018 Note, and Maker acknowledges and agrees that no such representation has been made to Maker by Bank, or anyone by or on behalf of Bank.
All installments of principal and interest shall be payable to Bank at 900 South Shackleford, Suite 401, Little Rock, Arkansas 72211, or such other places as Bank or the holder hereof may designate in writing from time to time. If any payment of principal and interest on this March 2018 Note shall become due on a Saturday, Sunday or public holiday under the laws of the State of Arkansas, on which the Bank or subsequent holder is not open for business, such payment shall be made on the next succeeding business day and such extension of time shall in such case be included in computing interest in connection with such payment.
Maker shall pay to the Bank a late charge for any installment not received by the Bank within ten (10) days after the installment is due in the amount of five percent (5%) of the applicable installment and notwithstanding the above, such late charge not be less than Twenty Five and No/100 United States Dollars ($25.00) or greater than FIVE HUNDRED AND NO/100 DOLLARS ($500.00); such late charge shall apply separately to each installment past due, but shall only be assessed once as to each late payment. Maker stipulates and agrees that any such late charge(s) shall not be deemed to be additional interest, but shall compensate for Bank’s administrative expenses of addressing late payments. This provision for late charges shall not be deemed to extend the time for payment or be a “grace period” or “cure period” that gives Maker a right to cure a default. Imposition of late charges is not contingent upon the giving of any notice or lapse of any cure period provided for in the Mortgage and shall not be deemed a waiver of any right or remedy of Bank, including without limitation, acceleration of this March 2018 Note.
This March 2018 Note may be prepaid in whole or in part. All payments and prepayments made by Maker are to be applied first to any late charges, protective disbursements, and other reimbursements owed to Bank; then in the reduction of interest then due at the rate stated herein; and any amount remaining after such payment of interest shall be applied in reduction of the outstanding principal balance due hereunder.
Upon the occurrence of any of the following events of default (an “Event of Default”), the holder hereof may declare the entire outstanding indebtedness of Maker evidenced by this March 2018 Note due and payable as to principal and accrued interest including any late charges:
(a)
Maker shall fail to pay any amount of principal or interest or any part thereof, under this March 2018 Note by the due date thereof; or
(b)
Maker shall voluntarily become a party to any insolvency, bankruptcy, composition or reorganization proceeding; or make any assignment for the benefit of creditors; or if any involuntary bankruptcy, insolvency, composition, or other reorganization proceeding be filed against Maker, and the same shall not be dismissed within thirty (30) days after the commencement of any such involuntary proceeding; or
(c)
Upon any default in any of the terms, warranties, covenants, provisions obligations contained in any Security Document (defined herein) or under any other promissory note or guaranty executed by or other obligation owed (directly or as a guarantor of indebtedness owed to Bank by any person or entity) by Maker to Bank; or
| - 2 - |
(d)
Upon any default in any other trust deed, mortgage, security agreement, assignment, or other instrument of pledge, security or hypothecation which now or hereafter secures the payment of the indebtedness evidenced hereby; or
(e)
Upon any default by Maker in any of the terms, warranties, covenants, provisions or obligations contained in the Warrant (as defined in the Security Documents); or
(f)
Upon any default in any of the terms, warranties, covenants or provisions of any of the Security Documents (defined below) or any other promissory note executed by or other obligation owed by Maker to Bank entitling Bank to accelerate the maturity of this March 2018 Note.
If this March 2018 Note is placed in the hands of an attorney for collection, by suit or otherwise, or for the protection of Bank’s interest hereunder, Maker shall pay all costs of collection and all court costs and attorneys’ fees, costs and expenses incurred by Bank, including, but not limited to, attorneys’ fees, costs and expenses incurred in any bankruptcy proceeding in which Maker or any other obligor appears as a debtor.
From and after the Maturity Date hereof or the date of default (in the event of acceleration of the indebtedness evidenced hereby by reason of Maker’s default or otherwise), the entire indebtedness due hereunder including any accrued interest and late charges shall bear interest, at the option of Bank, at a rate equal to the lesser of (i) the rate in effect at the time of default, plus three percent (3%); or (ii) the Maximum Rate, until payment in full of all principal and interest, late payment charges and other sums due hereunder are made.
Maker waives presentment, demand, protest, and notice of protest, demand, dishonor and nonpayment.
Time is of the essence of all obligations to be performed by Maker hereunder. Any reference herein or in the other Security Documents to a day or business day shall be deemed to refer to a banking day which shall be a day on which Bank is open for the transaction of business, excluding any national holidays, and any performance which would otherwise be required on a day other than a banking day shall be timely performed in such instance, if performed on the next succeeding business day. Notwithstanding such timely performance, interest shall continue to accrue hereunder until such payment or performance has been made.
Maker authorizes Bank, without notice or demand and without affecting its liability hereunder, from time to time, to take and hold security for the payment of this March 2018 Note or any renewals or extensions hereof; perfect such security, whether or not such security is required as a condition to the making of the Loan evidenced by this March 2018 Note; exchange, enforce, waive or release (whether intentionally or unintentionally) any such security, or any part thereof; purchase such security at a public or private sale (without any obligation to so purchase) and apply such security and direct the order or manner of sale thereof as Bank, in its discretion, may determine.
| - 3 - |
It is the intention of Bank and Maker to comply strictly with applicable usury law, as may be preempted by federal law. In no event, and upon no contingency, shall the Bank or subsequent holder hereof ever be entitled to receive, collect or apply as interest, any interest, fees, charges or other payments equivalent to interest, in excess of the Maximum Rate which Bank may lawfully charge under applicable statutes and laws from time to time in effect; and in the event the Bank or subsequent holder hereof ever receives, collects, or applies as interest, any such excess, which, but for this provision, would be excessive interest, shall be applied to the reduction of the principal amount of the indebtedness hereby evidenced; and if the principal amount of the indebtedness evidenced hereby, all lawful interest thereon and all lawful fees, prepayment premiums and charges in connection therewith, are paid in full, any remaining excess shall forthwith be paid to Maker, or other party lawfully entitled thereto. Any provision hereof or any other agreement between the Bank and Maker that operates to bind, obligate or compel the undersigned to pay interest in excess of the Maximum Rate shall be construed to require the payment of the Maximum Rate only. The provisions of this paragraph shall be given precedence over any other provision contained herein, or in any other agreement between the holder and the undersigned that it is in conflict with the provisions of this paragraph.
If any provision hereof shall be construed to be invalid or unenforceable, the remaining provisions hereof shall not be affected by such invalidity or unenforceability. Each term or provision hereof shall, however, be valid and be enforced to the fullest extent permitted by law.
This March 2018 Note and the indebtedness represented and evidenced hereby is secured by, among other things, a Loan and Security Agreement executed in March 2016 (as subsequently amended), and may now or hereafter be secured by other mortgages, guaranties, trust deeds, assignments, security agreements, or other instruments of pledge or hypothecation (collectively, the “Security Documents” or separately, a “Security Document”).
Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default, Bank shall have the right, immediately, and without notice to the Maker, to set off against this March 2018 Note all money owed by the Bank in any capacity to Maker, or to any endorser or other person who is or may be liable for payment hereof, whether or not due, and the Bank shall be deemed to have exercised such right of setoff and to have made a charge against such money immediately upon the occurrence of such Event of Default even though such charge is made or entered on the books of the Bank subsequently thereto.
The rights, obligations and liabilities of Maker hereunder may not be assigned, either in whole or in part, to any other person or party whomsoever. This March 2018 Note may be negotiated or assigned by Bank, either in whole or in part, and any negotiation or assignment hereof or of the Security Documents, or any portion or portions hereof or thereof, shall operate to vest in any such transferee the rights and powers, either in whole or in part, as the context so requires, herein and therein granted to Bank. In the event Bank shall transfer this March 2018 Note or the other Security Documents in whole, Bank shall thereupon be relieved of all duties, responsibilities and liabilities whatsoever hereunder or thereunder. Bank may share with any potential transferee or participant any information regarding Maker or any collateral securing this March 2018 Note.
| - 4 - |
This March 2018 Note shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Arkansas and, as to the maximum rate of interest, by applicable federal laws.
Maker and Bank (By Bank’s Acceptance Hereof) Fully, Voluntarily, Knowingly, Irrevocably and Unconditionally Waive Any Right to a Trial by Jury or to Have a Jury Participate in Any Dispute, Action or Proceeding to Enforce or Defend Any Rights (Whether Based on Contract, Tort or Otherwise) under this March 2018 Note or under Any Amendment, Instrument, Document or Agreement Delivered (Or Which May in the Future Be Delivered) in Connection Herewith. Maker Agrees That Any Such Action or Proceeding Shall Be Tried Before a Court and Not Before a Jury. This Provision Is a Material Inducement to Bank to Provide the Financing to Maker pursuant hereto.
| MAKER: | |||
| ADAMIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION, | |||
| a Delaware corporation | |||
| By: | /s/ ROBERT O. HOPKINS | ||
| Name: | Robert O. Hopkins | ||
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer | ||
| - 5 - |
ADAMIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION 10-K
Exhibit 21.1
SUBSIDIARIES OF ADAMIS PHARMACEUTCALS CORPORATION.
| Name | State of Incorporation | |
| U.S. Compounding, Inc. | Arkansas | |
| Biosyn, Inc.* | Pennsylvania | |
| Adamis Corporation* | Delaware | |
| *The inclusion of the subsidiary is not an admission by the Company that the subsidiaries, either individually or taken together, are “significant” under applicable SEC rules. | ||
ADAMIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION 10-K
Exhibit 23.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Prospectus constituting a part of the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (Nos. 333-159229, 333-169106, 333-175383, 333-196435, 333-201742, 333-211773 and 333-218945), on Form S-1 (Nos. 333-190798, 333-192372, and 333-192801), and on Form S-3 (Nos. 333-196976, 333-199454, 333-200447, 333-209401, 333-212880, 333-217400 and 333-717908) of our report dated March 15, 2018, (which includes an explanatory paragraph relating to the uncertainty of the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern) relating to the consolidated financial statements of Adamis Pharmaceuticals Corporation and Subsidiaries (the Company), as of and for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, which report is included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
/s/ Mayer Hoffman McCann P.C.
San Diego, California
March 15, 2018
ADAMIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION 10-K
Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE
SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Dennis J. Carlo, certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Adamis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; |
| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this annual report; |
| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
| 4. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and (15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and we have: |
| a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this annual report is being prepared; |
| b) | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting disclosure to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
| c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
| d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and |
| 5. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
| a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial data; and |
| b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
| Date: | March 15, 2018 | By: | /s/ Dennis J. Carlo | ||
| Chief Executive Officer | |||||
ADAMIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION 10-K
Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE
SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Robert O. Hopkins, certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Adamis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; |
| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this annual report; |
| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
| 4. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and (15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and we have: |
| a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this annual report is being prepared; |
| b) | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting disclosure to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
| c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
| d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and |
| 5. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
| a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial data; and |
| b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
| Date: | March 15, 2018 | By: | /s/ Robert O. Hopkins | ||
| Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer | |||||
ADAMIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION 10-K
Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT
The undersigned, Dennis J. Carlo, the Chief Executive Officer of Adamis Pharmaceuticals Corporation (the “Company”), pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, hereby certifies that, to the best of my knowledge:
| (1) the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and | |
| (2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. |
| /s/ DENNIS J. CARLO | |
| Dennis J. Carlo | |
| Chief Executive Officer |
Dated: March 15, 2018
This certification is being furnished to the SEC with this Report on Form 10-K pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 shall not, except to the extent required by such Act, be deemed filed by the Company for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.
ADAMIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION 10-K
Exhibit 32.2
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT
The undersigned, Robert O. Hopkins, as Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer of Adamis Pharmaceuticals, Corporation (the “Company”), pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, hereby certifies that, to the best of my knowledge:
| (1) the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and | |
| (2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. |
| /s/ ROBERT O. HOPKINS | |
| Robert O. Hopkins | |
| Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |
Dated: March 15, 2018
This certification is being furnished to the SEC with this Report on Form 10-K pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, shall not, except to the extent required by such Act, be deemed filed by the Company for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.
Document and Entity Information - USD ($) |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2017 |
Mar. 15, 2018 |
Jun. 30, 2017 |
|
| Document And Entity Information [Abstract] | |||
| Entity Registrant Name | Adamis Pharmaceuticals Corp | ||
| Entity Central Index Key | 0000887247 | ||
| Document Type | 10-K | ||
| Trading Symbol | ADMP | ||
| Document Period End Date | Dec. 31, 2017 | ||
| Amendment Flag | false | ||
| Current Fiscal Year End Date | --12-31 | ||
| Entity a Well-known Seasoned Issuer | No | ||
| Entity a Voluntary Filer | No | ||
| Entity's Reporting Status Current | Yes | ||
| Entity Filer Category | Accelerated Filer | ||
| Entity Public Float | $ 127,898,893 | ||
| Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding | 33,389,410 | ||
| Document Fiscal Period Focus | FY | ||
| Document Fiscal Year Focus | 2017 |
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares |
Dec. 31, 2017 |
Dec. 31, 2016 |
|---|---|---|
| Statement of Financial Position [Abstract] | ||
| Preferred Stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ 0.0001 | $ 0.0001 |
| Preferred Stock, authorized | 10,000,000 | 10,000,000 |
| Preferred Stock, issued | 0 | 625,013 |
| Preferred Stock, outstanding | 0 | 625,013 |
| Common Stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ .0001 | $ 0.0001 |
| Common Stock, authorized | 100,000,000 | 100,000,000 |
| Common Stock, issued | 33,696,920 | 22,299,083 |
| Common Stock, outstanding | 33,389,380 | 21,991,543 |
| Treasury Stock, shares | 307,540 | 307,540 |
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Parenthetical) - USD ($) |
12 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2017 |
Dec. 31, 2016 |
|
| Series A-2 Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] | ||
| Issuance Costs | $ 82,337 | |
| Series Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] | ||
| Issuance Costs | $ 100,109 | 72,240 |
| Common Stock [Member] | ||
| Issuance Costs | $ 1,228,368 | $ 843,141 |
NATURE OF BUSINESS |
12 Months Ended | ||
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| Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] | |||
| NATURE OF BUSINESS |
The company formerly named Adamis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, or Old Adamis, was founded in June 2006 as a Delaware corporation. Effective April 1, 2009, Old Adamis completed a business combination transaction with Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or Cellegy. Before the merger, Cellegy was a public company and Old Adamis was a private company. In connection with the consummation of the merger and pursuant to the terms of the definitive merger agreement relating to the transaction, Cellegy was the surviving corporation in the merger and changed its name from Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc. to Adamis Pharmaceuticals Corporation (the “Company”, “Adamis Pharmaceuticals” or “Adamis”), and Old Adamis survived as a wholly-owned subsidiary and changed its corporate name to Adamis Corporation. The Company has three wholly-owned subsidiaries: Adamis Corporation; U.S. Compounding, Inc.; and Biosyn, Inc.
On April 11, 2016, Adamis Pharmaceuticals Corporation (the "Company" or "Adamis") completed its acquisition of U.S. Compounding, Inc., an Arkansas corporation ("USC"), pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated March 28, 2016 (the "Merger Agreement") and entered into by and among the Company, USC and Ursula MergerSub Corp., an Arkansas corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company ("MergerSub"). Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, MergerSub merged with and into USC (the "Merger"), with USC surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.
USC, which is registered as a drug compounding outsourcing facility under Section 503B of the U.S. Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act and the U.S. Drug Quality and Security Act, provides prescription compounded medications, including compounded sterile preparations and non-sterile compounds to patients, physician clinics, hospitals, surgery centers and other clients in many states throughout the United States. USC also provides certain veterinary pharmaceutical products for animals. |
GOING CONCERN |
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| Going Concern | |||
| GOING CONCERN |
The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared using the generally accepted accounting principles applicable to a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and liquidation of liabilities in the normal course of business. However, as shown in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Company has sustained substantial recurring losses from operations. In addition, the Company has used, rather than provided, cash in its continuing operations. We will need significant funding to continue operations, satisfy our obligations and fund the future expenditures that will be required to conduct the clinical and regulatory work to develop our product candidates. Without obtaining additional capital, it would be unlikely for the Company to continue as a going concern. Management intends to attempt to secure additional required funding through equity or debt financings, sales or out-licensing of product candidates or other intellectual property assets, seeking partnerships with other pharmaceutical companies or third parties to co-develop and fund research and development efforts, or similar transactions.
The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue in existence. |
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
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| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include Adamis Pharmaceuticals and its wholly-owned operating subsidiaries. All significant intra-entity balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Segment Information The Company is engaged primarily in the discovery, development and sales of pharmaceutical, biotechnology and other drug products. Accordingly, the Company has determined that it operates in one operating segment. Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and the differences could be material.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities at the date of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash refers to money that is held for a specific purpose and therefore not available to the Company for immediate or general business use. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company has restricted cash of approximately $1.0 million in the form of a certificate of deposit held by Bear State Bank as part of the collateral to the $2.0 million working capital line of credit.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable are reported at the amount management expects to collect on outstanding balances. Management provides for probable uncollectible amounts through a charge to earnings and credit to allowance for doubtful accounts. Uncollectible amounts are based on USC’s history of past write-offs and collections and current credit conditions. Provision for bad debts as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $84,000 and $21,000, respectively. Inventories Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The costs of inventories are determined using the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method. Inventories consist of compounding formulation raw materials, work-in-process, currently marketed products, and device supplies. Monthly, the Company reviews the expiration dates of the raw materials and finished goods inventory, and a reserve for obsolescence is recorded based on the expiration dates. Reserve for obsolescence as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $795,000 and $109,000, respectively. Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are recorded at historical cost or fair value as of the date acquired, and depreciated on a straight line basis with useful lives ranging from 3-30 years.
Acquisitions
The Company has engaged in business combination activity. The accounting for business combinations requires management to make judgments and estimates of the fair value of assets acquired, including the identification and valuation of intangible assets, as well as liabilities assumed. Such judgments and estimates directly impact the amount of goodwill recognized in connection with each acquisition, as goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of an acquired business over the fair value of its net tangible and identifiable intangible assets. Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets Goodwill, which has an indefinite useful life, represents the excess of purchase consideration over fair value of net assets acquired. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment at least annually during the fourth quarter, or more frequently if events occur indicating the potential for impairment. During its goodwill impairment review, the Company may assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. The qualitative factors include, but are not limited to, macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, and the overall financial performance of the Company. In performing our goodwill impairment tests during 2017, we utilized the approach prescribed under ASC 350, as amended by ASU 2017-04, Intangibles — Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which we adopted on January 1, 2017 (“ASU 2017-04”). ASU 2017-04 requires that an entity perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. The Company evaluates its long-lived assets with definite lives, such as property and equipment, acquired technology, customer relationships, patent and license rights, for impairment by considering competition by products prescribed for the same indication, the likelihood and estimated future entry of non-generic and generic competition with the same or similar indication and other related factors. The factors that drive the estimate of the life are often uncertain and are reviewed on a periodic basis or when events occur that warrant review. Recoverability is measured by comparison of the assets’ book value to future net undiscounted cash flows that the assets are expected to generate. We performed our annual impairment analysis as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, no impairment of goodwill or acquired intangibles was identified. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Derivatives are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets and are measured at fair value. The treatment of gains and losses resulting from changes in the fair values of derivative instruments is dependent on the use of the respective derivative instrument and whether they qualify for hedge accounting. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, no derivative instruments qualified for hedge accounting. See Note 12 for further discussion of derivative instruments.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenues when all of the following criteria have been met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred; (3) the selling price is fixed and determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured. Revenues from our USC subsidiary consist of sales of compounded drugs for humans and animals, including sterile injectable and non-sterile integrative therapies. Sales discounts and rebates are sometimes offered to customers if specified criteria are met. Additionally, sales are generally made with a limited right of return under certain conditions. Revenues are recorded net of provisions for sales discounts and returns, which are established at the time of sale.
Cost of Sales Our cost of sales includes direct and indirect costs to manufacture formulations and sell products, including active pharmaceutical ingredients, personnel costs, packaging, storage, royalties, shipping and handling costs, the write-off of obsolete inventory and other related expenses. Claims Liabilities
Our USC subsidiary was self-insured up to certain limits for health insurance through February 28, 2017. Beginning March 1, 2017, USC elected to participate in a fully insured health insurance plan. The Claims Payable related to the self-insured plan at December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $0 and approximately $126,000, respectively.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation transactions in which the Company receives employee services in exchange for options to purchase common stock. Stock-based compensation cost for restricted stock units (“RSUs”) is measured based on the closing fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Stock-based compensation cost for stock options is estimated at the grant date based on each option’s fair-value as calculated by the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation cost as expense ratably on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period.
Research and Development
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Non-refundable advance payments for goods and services to be used in future research and development activities are recorded as an asset and are expensed when the research and development activities are performed.
Legal Expense
Legal fees are expensed as incurred and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under the deferred income tax method. Under this method, deferred income taxes are determined based on the estimated future tax effects of differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities given the provisions of enacted tax laws.
Deferred income tax provisions and benefits are based on changes to the assets and liabilities from year to year. In providing for deferred taxes, the Company considers tax regulations of the jurisdictions in which they operate, estimates of future taxable income, and available tax planning strategies. If tax regulations, operating results or the ability to implement tax planning strategies vary, adjustments to the carrying value of deferred tax assets and liabilities may be required. Valuation allowances are recorded related to deferred tax assets based on the “more likely than not” criteria.
The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in accordance with accounting guidance which requires the Company to recognize the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would, more likely than not, sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more likely than not threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. At the adoption date, the Company applied the guidance to all tax positions for which the statute of limitations remained open. Upon implementation, the Company did not recognize any additional liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits. Accordingly, the adoption of the guidance had no impact on the Company’s financial statements. There have been no material changes in unrecognized tax benefits since April 1, 2010.
The Company is subject to income taxes in the United States and various states. The Company is no longer subject to the United States Federal, California or Florida income examinations by tax authorities for the years before the year ended March 31, 2013. The Company recognizes interest and penalty accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in its income tax expense, if any. No interest or penalties have been accrued for all presented periods.
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which was enacted in December 2017, had an impact on our income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2017. See Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements for further detail.
Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share
The Company computes basic loss per share by dividing the loss attributable to holders of common stock for the period by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. The diluted loss per share calculation is based on the treasury stock method and gives effect to dilutive options, warrants, convertible notes, convertible preferred stock and other potential dilutive common stock. The effect of common stock equivalents was anti-dilutive and was excluded from the calculation of weighted average shares outstanding. Potential dilutive securities for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 consist of outstanding warrants (3,189,052 and 9,194,044, respectively), outstanding options (6,726,594 and 4,320,409, respectively), outstanding restricted stock units (1,300,000 and 350,000, respectively), and convertible preferred stock (zero and 625,013, respectively).
The calculation of diluted loss per share requires that, to the extent the average market price of the underlying shares for the reporting period exceeds the exercise price of the warrants and the presumed exercise of such securities are dilutive to loss per share for the period, an adjustment to net loss used in the calculation is required to remove the change in fair value of the warrants from the numerator for the period. Likewise, an adjustment to the denominator is required to reflect the related dilutive shares, if any, under the treasury stock method.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).” Pursuant to ASU No. 2015-14 issued in August 2015, the effective date of ASU 2014-09 is for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that period. We adopted ASU 2014-09 utilizing the deferred effective date of January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method with the cumulative effect of the change recognized in retained earnings. The new guidance, referred to as ASC 606, requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers and replaces most of the existing revenue recognition standards in U.S. GAAP. A five step model will be utilized to achieve the core principle; (1) identify the customer contract, (2) identify the contract’s performance obligations, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied.
We have evaluated the impact that adoption of this new standard will have on our consolidated financial statements and we believe that the timing of revenue recognition and amount of revenue recognized will not change under the new standard. Accordingly, we expect that it will not have a material quantitative impact on our revenue recognition relating to sales of compounded pharmacy formulations and other pharmacy products by USC. We also determined that the modified retrospective adoption will have no impact on either the timing or amount of prior period revenues. As a result, any comparative information will not be restated and will continue to be reported under the accounting standards in affect for those periods.
The standard also expands disclosures for revenue including disclosure of disaggregation of revenue into categories that depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flow are affected by economic factors. Accordingly, revenue from the Company’s USC subsidiary has been disaggregated to show the breakdown of revenue between sterile and non-sterile compounded products. This disaggregation was identified based on the increased regulatory environment surrounding sterile formulations. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, revenue from sterile formulations totaled approximately $7,892,000 and $2,836,000, respectively, and revenue from non-sterile formulations totaled approximately $5,181,000 and $3,638,000, respectively. No other qualitative impact of adopting this standard has been identified.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)”. The amendments under this pronouncement will change the way all leases with a duration of one year or more are treated. Under this guidance, lessees will be required to capitalize virtually all leases on the balance sheet as a right-of-use asset and an associated financing lease liability or capital lease liability. The right-of-use asset represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the specified lease term. The lease liability represents the lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease, measured on a discounted basis. Based on certain characteristics, leases are classified as financing leases or operating leases. Financing lease liabilities, those that contain provisions similar to capitalized leases, are amortized like capital leases are under current accounting, as amortization expense and interest expense in the statement of operations. Operating lease liabilities are amortized on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease as lease expense in the statement of operations. This update is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those reporting periods, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently assessing the impact of adopting this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. ASU 2017-04 simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under the new amendments, an entity should perform its annual or interim goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. This ASU is effective prospectively to impairment tests beginning January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. We adopted this guidance prospectively at the beginning of first quarter 2017, which will simplify our future goodwill impairment testing.
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, which clarifies when changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award must be accounted for as modifications. ASU 2017-09 will reduce diversity in practice and result in fewer changes to the terms of an award being accounted for as modifications. Under ASU 2017-09, an entity will not apply modification accounting to a share-based payment award if the award’s fair value, vesting conditions and classification as an equity or liability instrument are the same immediately before and after the change. ASU 2017-09 will be applied prospectively to awards modified on or after the adoption date. The guidance is effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect this new guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): I. Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features and II. Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception. Part I of this update addresses public entities that issue warrants, convertible debt or convertible preferred stock that contain down round features. Part II of this update recharacterizes the indefinite deferral of certain provisions of Topic 480 that now are presented as pending content in the Codification, to a scope exception. Those amendments do not have an accounting effect. This ASU is effective for public companies for the annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect this new guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
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CONCENTRATIONS |
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| Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract] | |||
| CONCENTRATIONS |
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist principally of cash and accounts payable.
Cash
The Company at times may have cash in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) limit. The Company maintains its cash and restricted cash with larger financial institutions. The Company has not experienced losses on these accounts and management believes that the Company is not exposed to significant risks on such accounts.
Purchases and Accounts Payable
The Company had two vendors that had balances greater than 10% of trade accounts payable or accounted for more than 10% of total purchases for the year ended December 31, 2017. Vendor A had a balance that accounted for 25% of total accounts payable at December 31, 2017 and approximately 15% or $3.2 million in total purchases for the year ended December 31, 2017. Vendor B had a balance that accounted for 12% of total accounts payable at December 31, 2017 but did not account for more than 10% of total purchases. The Company has no exposure to the elimination of Vendor A and B, there are a number of companies which could provide the same services, and management believes, on comparable terms. Comparatively, the Company had one vendor (Vendor A) with purchases greater than 10% of the total purchases for the year ended December 31, 2016, with approximately $3.4 million in purchases and one vendor (Vendor C) with a balance that accounted for 13% of total accounts payable at December 31, 2016 and approximately $1.4 million in total purchases during the year ended December 31, 2016.
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ACQUISITION of U.S. COMPOUNDING |
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| Business Combinations [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ACQUISITION of U.S. COMPOUNDING |
On April 11, 2016, the Company completed the acquisition of U.S. Compounding, Inc., an Arkansas corporation (“USC”), pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated March 28, 2016 (the “Merger Agreement”), with USC and Ursula MergerSub Corp., an Arkansas corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (“Merger Sub”). Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub merged with and into USC (the “Merger”), with USC surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. Pursuant to the Merger and the Merger Agreement, all of the outstanding shares of common stock of USC were converted into the right to receive a total of 1,618,539 shares of Adamis common stock; and as described further below, in connection with the Merger and the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, the Company assumed approximately $5,722,000 principal amount of debt obligations and related loan agreements of USC and certain related entities. The merger is accounted for as an acquisition of USC under the purchase method of accounting in accordance with FASB Accounting Standard Codification Subtopic 805—Business Combinations. The assets and liabilities of USC will be reflected at fair value on the balance sheet of the Company. The fair value of the assets and liabilities reflected in the financial statements and notes appearing in this Report on Form 10-K was based on the estimated value of USC as of April 11, 2016 (the date on which the Company acquired USC). Total purchase price plus assumed debt is summarized as follows:
The fair value of net assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
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INVENTORIES |
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| Inventory Disclosure [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| INVENTORIES |
Inventories at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consisted of the following:
Reserve for obsolescence as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was approximately $795,000 and $109,000, respectively.
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PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS |
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| Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:
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FIXED ASSETS |
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| Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FIXED ASSETS |
In 2017, certain USC operational assets stored at an off-site location in Arkansas were impaired. The off-site facility sustained flood damage. Due to the standing water and humidity, it was determined that the equipment would not meet environmental quality standards required to compound either sterile or nonsterile pharmaceutical, drugs and formulations. Most of the equipment damaged was larger, bulky equipment including hoods, incubators, table presses, and lyophilizers. The Company recorded a loss on impairment of approximately $96,000 for the net book value of the damaged assets. Fixed assets at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are summarized in the table below:
For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, depreciation expense was approximately $588,000 and $485,000, respectively. The additions to fixed assets during 2016 of approximately $5,323,000 were primarily due to the acquisition of USC and subsequent fixed assets purchased by USC. The additions to fixed assets of approximately $2,369,000 during 2017 were primarily due to the construction of the assembly line for our Symjepi™ (epinephrine) Injection 0.3mg product, PFS, and additional fixed assets purchased by USC during 2017. For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded a loss on impairment of approximately $96,000, mentioned above, cash of approximately $1,000 and a loss on disposal of approximately $21,000 related to the disposals of fixed assets of approximately $271,000 with accumulated depreciation of approximately $153,000.
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INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL |
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| Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL |
Intangible assets at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are summarized in the table below:
The additions during the year ended December 31, 2017 included the Symjepi™ domain name and USC's website design. Amortization expense for years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $2,475,000 and $2,050,000, respectively.
Estimated amortization expense of definite-lived intangible assets at December 31, 2017 for each of the five succeeding years and thereafter is as follows:
Goodwill recorded at the acquisition of USC was approximately $2,225,000. Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the consideration transferred over the net assets recognized and represents the future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized. Goodwill is not amortized but rather evaluated for impairment annually or more frequently, if indicators of impairment exist. If the impairment evaluations for goodwill indicate the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. In addition, for the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recorded a deferred tax liability of approximately $5,416,000 through acquisition goodwill. The carrying value of our goodwill as of December 31, 2017 was approximately $7,641,000. See Note 19 for the goodwill related to the tax impact of the acquisition of USC.
We perform our annual impairment testing as of December 31 each year. As of December 31, 2017, no impairment of goodwill or acquired intangibles was identified. We are not aware of an event or change in circumstances that would indicate the carrying value of any assets held by USC may be impaired as of the measurement date.
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ACCRUED OTHER EXPENSES |
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| Payables and Accruals [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ACCRUED OTHER EXPENSES |
Accrued other expenses at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:
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DEBT |
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| Debt Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DEBT |
Ben Franklin Note Biosyn (a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company and previously a wholly owned subsidiary of Cellegy) issued a note payable to Ben Franklin Technology Center of Southeastern Pennsylvania (“Ben Franklin Note”) in October 1992, in connection with funding the development of Savvy, a compound then under development to prevent the transmission of HIV/AIDS. The Ben Franklin Note was recorded at its estimated fair value of $205,000 and was assumed by Cellegy as an obligation in connection with its acquisition of Biosyn in 2004. The repayment terms of the non-interest bearing obligation include the remittance of an annual fixed percentage of 3.0% applied to future revenues of Biosyn, if any, until the principal balance of $777,902 (face amount) is satisfied. Under the terms of the obligation, revenues are defined to exclude the value of unrestricted research and development funding received by Biosyn from nonprofit sources. Absent a material breach of contract or other event of default, there is no obligation to repay the amounts in the absence of future Biosyn revenues. Cellegy accreted the discount of $572,902 against earnings using the interest rate method (approximately 46%) over the discount period of five years, which was estimated in connection with the Ben Franklin Note’s valuation at the time of the acquisition.
Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States emphasize market-based measurement through the use of valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable or market-based inputs. The Ben Franklin Note’s peculiar repayment terms outlined above affects its comparability with main stream market issues and also affects its transferability. The value of the Ben Franklin Note would also be impacted by the ability to estimate Biosyn’s expected future revenues which in turn hinge largely upon future efforts to commercialize the product candidate, the results of which efforts are not known by the Company. Given the above factors and therefore the lack of market comparability, the Ben Franklin Note would be valued based on Level 3 inputs (see Note 12) As such, management has determined that the Ben Franklin Note will have no future cash flows, as we do not believe the product will create a revenue stream in the future. As a result, the Note had no fair market value at the time of the merger in April 2009 between the Company (which was then named Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) and the corporation then-named Adamis Pharmaceuticals Corporation.
Secured Convertible Promissory Notes
On June 26, 2013, the Company completed the closing of a private placement financing transaction (the “Transaction”) with a small number of accredited institutional investors. Pursuant to a Subscription Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) and other transaction documents, we issued Secured Convertible Promissory Notes (“Secured Notes”) and common stock purchase warrants (“Warrants”) to purchase up to 764,960 shares of common stock (“Warrant Shares”), and received gross cash proceeds of $5,300,000, of which $286,349 was used to pay for transaction costs, fees and expenses. The Secured Notes had an aggregate principal amount of $6,502,158. The Secured Notes are no longer outstanding. The exercise price of the Warrants was subject to anti-dilution provisions providing that, with the exception of certain excluded categories of issuances and transactions, if we issue any shares of common stock or securities convertible into or exercisable for common stock, or if common stock equivalents are repriced, at an effective price per share less than the exercise price, without the consent of a majority interest of the investors, the exercise price would be adjusted downward to equal the per share price of the securities issued or deemed issued in such transaction.
The Warrants were exercisable for a period of five years from the date of issuance. The exercise price of the Warrants was initially $12.155 per share (and was subsequently reduced to $3.40 per share), which was 110% of the closing price of the common stock on the day before the closing. The Warrants provided for proportional adjustment of the number and kind of securities purchasable upon exercise of the Warrants and the per share exercise price upon the occurrence of certain specified events, and included price anti-dilution provisions which provided for an adjustment to the per share exercise price of the Warrants and, in certain instances, the number of shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants, if the Company issued common stock or common stock equivalents at effective per share prices lower than the exercise price of the Warrants. The Warrants included call provisions and, as described in great detail in the paragraph below, subject to a call notice given by the Company in May 2016, after expiration of the applicable call period all unexercised Warrants were cancelled in June 2016. On May 31, 2016, the Company gave a Call Notice to all outstanding warrant holders to exercise the warrants. A Call Notice may be given only within 10 trading days after any 20-consecutive trading day period during which the volume weighted average price (“VWAP”) of the Company’s common stock is not less than 250% of the exercise price for the Warrants in effect for 10 out of such 20-consecutive trading day period. A holder must exercise the Warrant and purchase the called Warrant Shares within 14 trading days after the Call Date, or the Warrant will be cancelled with respect to the unexercised portion of the Warrant that was subject to the Call Notice. After the expiration of the applicable period, in June 2016 the holders of unexercised warrants were informed that the unexercised warrants subject to the Call Notice were canceled.
The Warrants with the embedded call option at issuance were valued using the Binomial Option Pricing Model (“BOPM”). The estimated fair value of a single Warrant, including the call option, was $2.329 per share and the estimated value of the Warrant anti-dilution reset feature was $1.2002 per share. As a result, the Company recorded liabilities for the warrant and warrant down-round protection derivative totaling $2,398,280. The warrant and warrant derivative liabilities at December 31, 2016 were zero with the cancellation of the June 2013 warrants, see Note 12. Working Capital Line of Credit
On March 28, 2016, the Company entered into a loan and security agreement (sometimes referred to as the “Adamis Working Capital Line”) with Bear State Bank, N.A. (the “Lender” or the “Bank”), pursuant to which the Company may borrow up to an aggregate of $2,000,000 to provide working capital to USC, subject to the terms and conditions of the loan agreement. Interest on amounts borrowed under the Adamis Working Capital Line accrues at a rate equal to the prime interest rate, as defined in the agreement. Interest payments are required to be made quarterly. As amended effective March 31, 2017, the entire outstanding principal balance, and all accrued and unpaid interest and all other sums payable pursuant to the loan documents, are due and payable on March 1, 2018, or sooner upon the occurrence of certain events as provided in the loan agreement and related documents. In March 2018, we agreed with the lender to extend the maturity date of this loan to June 1, 2018. The Company’s obligations under the loan agreement are secured by certain collateral, including without limitation its interest in amounts that it has loaned to USC, and a warrant that the Company issued to the Bank to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price equal to par value per share, exercisable only if the Company is in default under the loan agreement or related loan documents. On November 10, 2016, the Adamis Working Capital Line with the Bank was amended to include a Certificate of Deposit for $1.0 million as additional collateral to the working capital line of credit, and to make certain other amendments to the loan documents relating to the Adamis Working Capital Line. The $1.0 million in Certificate of Deposit with the Bank, included as collateral, was recorded as Restricted Cash. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the loan balance on the Adamis Working Capital Line of credit was $2,000,000. Interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $83,000 and $47,000, respectively. Loans Assumed from Acquisition of USC: Building Loan In connection with the closing of the USC Merger and the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, 4 HIMS, LLC, an entity of which Eddie Glover, the chief executive officer of USC, and certain other former stockholders of USC are members, agreed to sell to the Company, the building and property owned by 4 HIMS on which USC’s offices are located, in consideration of the Company being added as an additional ”borrower” and assuming the obligations under the loan agreement, promissory note and related loan documents that 4 HIMS and certain other parties previously entered into with the Lender (the “4 HIMS Loan Documents”). On November 10, 2016, a Loan Amendment and Assumption Agreement was entered with into the Bank. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company agreed to pay the Bank monthly payments of principal and interest of $15,411, with a final monthly payment and any other amounts due under the 4 HIMS Loan Document due and payable in August 2019. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the outstanding principal balance owed on the applicable note was approximately $2,347,000 and $2,441,000, respectively. The loan currently bears an interest of 3.75% per year and interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $91,000 and $81,000, respectively. USC Working Capital Loan In connection with the Merger, Adamis agreed to be added as a Borrower and to assume the obligations as a Borrower under the USC Working Capital Loan Agreement and related promissory note and other related loan documents (the “USC Working Capital Loan Documents”). Under the USC Working Capital Loan Agreement, Lender agreed to loan funds to USC, as the “Borrower,” up to an aggregate principal amount of $2,500,000, and evidenced by the USC Working Capital Note. Borrowings are limited to 80% of qualified trade accounts receivables and 50% of qualified inventories per the borrowing base agreement and are collateralized with trade accounts receivables and inventory. On November 10, 2016, the Company and Lender agreed to amend the USC Working Capital Loan Documents to provide that the personal property securing the Loan will also secure the Borrower’s obligations under the other USC Loan Documents with the Lender. In addition, a new financial covenant replaced the previous financial covenants, providing that USC will, at all times during the term of the loan, maintain a “Cash Flow Coverage Ratio” of not less than 1.2:1. “Cash Flow Coverage Ratio” is defined as: (i) net income plus non-cash expense items including, but not limited to, depreciation expense, amortization expense and option expense for the month in which the measurement date occurs times 12; divided by (ii) the cash required for payments of interest for the prospective twelve (12) month period and current maturities of principal on all outstanding debt to any person or entity, including without limitation to debt by the Company to the Lender. The Cash Flow Coverage Ratio will be measured on the last day of each December, March, June and September, commencing on December 31, 2016. Under the amendment, in lieu of compliance with the foregoing covenant, Borrower has the option, at the time of each quarterly measuring period, of making a principal reduction in the amount of Two Hundred Fifty Thousand Dollars ($250,000). In addition, pursuant to the amendment, Borrower and Lender agreed that certain other financial covenants set forth in the loan agreement included in the 4 HIMS Loan Documents, the loan agreement included in the Tribute Loan Documents, and the loan agreement included in the USC Equipment Loan Agreement, as well as the original USC Working Capital Loan Agreement described above, are waived for the remainder of the term of the respective loans. The amended loan had a maturity date of September 30, 2017. In May 2017, the Company paid the remaining balance of the USC Working Capital Loan. In November 2017, the Company agreed with the Lender to extend the term of the USC Working Capital Loan agreement to February 28, 2018. There was no outstanding balance on the USC Working Capital Line at its maturity date, and that agreement has not currently been renewed or extended. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the outstanding unpaid principal balance under the USC Working Capital Loan Agreement was approximately $0 and $1,864,000, respectively. The current interest rate on the loan is 3.75% per year, and interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $23,000 and $49,000, respectively. Equipment Loans, Consolidated Equipment Loan, Tribute. In connection with the Merger, Tribute Labs, LLC, a Nevada limited liability company and former related party of USC (“Tribute” or “Borrower”) assigned to Adamis all of its rights under the loan agreement, promissory note and related loan documents that Tribute and certain other parties previously entered into with the Lender (the “Tribute Loan Documents”). Adamis agreed to become an additional co-borrower and to assume Borrower’s obligations under the Tribute Loan Documents, in consideration of the transfer to USC of laboratory equipment owned by Tribute and used to perform testing services for USC’s products, and Lender consented to such assignment. The outstanding unpaid principal balance under the applicable note that was consolidated to one equipment loan was approximately $518,000. Prior to the consolidation, the loan had an interest rate of 4.75% per year. USC Equipment Loan. In connection with the Merger, Adamis agreed to become a Borrower and to assume the obligations as a Borrower under the USC Equipment Loan Agreement and the related USC Equipment Loan Documents. Under the USC Equipment Loan Agreement, Lender agreed to loan funds to USC, as the ”Borrower,” up to an aggregate principal amount of $700,000, with amounts loaned evidenced by the Commercial Line of Credit Agreement and Note (the “USC Equipment Note”). The loan is collateralized by USC’s property and equipment. The outstanding unpaid principal balance under the USC Equipment Note that was consolidated to one equipment loan was approximately $635,000. The note had an interest rate of 3.25% per year. Consolidated Equipment Loans. On November 10, 2016, the Company and the Lender agreed to the amendment and consolidation of the above USC and Tribute equipment loans. The principal amount of the consolidated loans is $1,152,890 with an interest rate of 3.75% per annum. The loan is payable in three years at an equal monthly amortization of $33,940 commencing on November 1, 2016, and continuing on the first day of each succeeding month through October 1, 2019. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the outstanding unpaid principal balance was approximately $720,000 and $1,092,000, respectively. Interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $34,000 and $37,000, respectively. Loan Amendment, Forbearance and Assumption Agreement In connection with our acquisition of USC in April 2016, Lender, Adamis, USC, 4 HIMS and Tribute (USC, 4 HIMS and Tribute sometimes referred to as the “Initial Loan Parties” and together with Adamis, collectively the “Loan Parties”), and certain individual guarantors, entered into a Loan Amendment, Forbearance and Assumption Agreement (the “Loan Amendment Agreement”). Pursuant to the Loan Amendment Agreement, Adamis was added as a “Borrower” and co-borrower under the loan agreements and related loan documents between USC (and certain other entities) and Lender (the “USC Loan Documents”), and assumed all of the rights, duties, liabilities and obligations as a Borrower and a party under the USC Loan Documents, jointly and severally with the current borrower or borrowers under each of the USC Loan Documents. In the Loan Amendment Agreement, the Initial Loan Parties acknowledged that the USC Loans were in default with respect to certain nonmonetary covenants contained in the USC Loan Documents. The Bank agreed that all obligations of the Bank to forbear from pursuing its available remedies to collect the obligations evidenced and secured by the USC Loan Documents shall conditionally exist until October 31, 2016 (the “Forbearance Period”). During the Forbearance Period, and subject to the terms of the Loan Amendment Agreement and the compliance by the Loan Parties with their obligations under the Loan Amendment Agreement, the Bank agreed that it would not pursue available remedies existing as a result of the Loan Parties’ failure to comply with the nonmonetary covenants of the Loan Parties as set forth in the USC Loan Documents. Upon the expiration of the Forbearance Period, all monetary and nonmonetary obligations of the Loan Parties as set forth in the USC Loan Documents will be fully reinstated or waived. As described above, in connection with the November 2016 amendments to the loan documents with the Bank, the nonmonetary covenants contained in the USC Loan Documents were amended and modified. The Loan Parties agreed during the Forbearance Period to (i) continue to make all regularly scheduled payments of principal and interest due as set forth in the USC Loan Documents, and (ii) except to the extent modified in the Loan Amendment Agreement, comply with all covenants of the Loan Parties set forth in the USC Loan Documents. In the Loan Amendment Agreement, each Initial Loan Party reaffirmed its obligations under the USC Loans and made certain other representations, warranties and agreements regarding the USC Loans, and the Bank acknowledged that the applicable Borrower was current in its interest payments or other obligations under the applicable Loan Documents that are due and payable before the date of the Loan Amendment Agreement. The parties also agreed that the real and personal property securing each of the USC Loans will also secure each of the other USC Loans, as well as the Adamis Working Capital Line of $2.0 million. Except as expressly set forth in the Loan Amendment Agreement, as amended, the terms and provisions set forth in the USC Loan Documents were not modified and remain in full force and effect. Subject to the satisfaction of all conditions precedent set forth in the Loan Amendment Agreement, the Bank consented to the transfer of the real and personal property by 4 HIMS and Tribute to Adamis and the foregoing acceptance and assumptions by Adamis. The Loan Amendment Agreement provide for a number of conditions precedent to Bank’s obligations under the agreement, including without limitation: (i) satisfactory title insurance and other insurance regarding the 4 HIMS Property; (ii) satisfactory lien searches and UCC-1 financing statements; (iii) any other document and agreements required by the Bank; (iv) accuracy of the representations and warranties set forth in the Loan Amendment Agreement; and (v) certain other customary conditions. The notes are subject to customary subjective acceleration clauses, effective upon a material impairment in collateral, a material adverse change in the Company’s business or financial condition, or a material impairment in the Company’s ability to repay the note. As of December 31, 2017, the Company was not in breach of any of the debt covenants. At December 31, 2017 the principal maturities of the amended long-term debts were as follows:
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DERIVATIVE LIABILITY AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS |
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| Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DERIVATIVE LIABILITY AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS |
Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 815 - Derivatives and Hedging provides guidance to determine what types of instruments, or embedded features in an instrument, are considered derivatives. This guidance can affect the accounting for convertible instruments that contain provisions to protect holders from a decline in the stock price, or down-round provisions. Down-round provisions reduce the exercise price of a convertible instrument if a company either issues equity shares for a price that is lower than the exercise price of those instruments, or issues new convertible instruments that have a lower exercise price. We have determined that the conversion feature with the down-round provision on the warrants issued related to the Gemini notes, issued and repaid in the previous period, should be treated as a derivative liability. The Company is required to report the conversion feature liability and the derivative liability resulting from the down-round provision at fair value and record the fluctuation of the fair value in current operations.
The Company recognizes the derivative liabilities at their respective fair values at inception and on each reporting date. The Company values its financial assets and liabilities on a recurring basis and certain nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities on a nonrecurring basis based on the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In order to increase consistency and comparability in fair value measurements, a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes observable and unobservable inputs is used to measure fair value into three broad levels, which are described below:
In determining fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible as well as considers counterparty credit risk in its assessment of fair value.
The Company recognizes the derivative liabilities at their respective fair values at inception and on each reporting date. The Company utilized a binomial option pricing model (“BOPM”) to develop its assumptions for determining the fair value of Warrants and related anti-dilution features.
There were no liability classified Warrants outstanding at December 31, 2017 and 2016. As shown in the table below, after the cancellation of the Warrants with call options the carrying value at December 31, 2016 was $0 and the carrying value of the down-round protection derivative for the same date was $0.
During the year ended December 31, 2016, a total of 52,288 warrants were exercised, reducing the fair value warrants and derivative liabilities and increasing Additional Paid in Capital by $160,245.
The table below provides a reconciliation of beginning and ending balances for the liabilities measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):
The derivative liabilities are considered Level 3 liabilities on the fair value hierarchy as the determination of fair values includes various assumptions about future activities and stock price and historical volatility inputs. |
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LEGAL MATTERS |
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| Legal Matters | |||
| LEGAL MATTERS |
The Company may become involved in or subject to, routine litigation, claims, disputes, proceedings and investigations in the ordinary course of business, which in management’s opinion will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, cash flows or results of operations. Any such litigation could divert management time and attention from Adamis, could involve significant amounts of legal fees and other fees and expenses. |
LICENSING AGREEMENTS |
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| Licensing Agreements [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LICENSING AGREEMENTS |
Viral Therapies
On July 28, 2006, the Company entered into a nonexclusive, royalty free license agreement with an entity for the technology used to research and develop new viral therapies, and an exclusive royalty-bearing license requiring a small percentage of revenue received by the Company on future products developed and sold with a payment cap of $10,000,000. The Company paid the entity an initial license fee and granted one of the entity’s officers the right to purchase 1,000,000 shares of common stock of the Company at price of $0.001 pursuant to a separate stock purchase agreement. The Company also granted the entity a royalty-free non-exclusive license to use any improvements made on the existing technology for research purposes only. The Company and the entity have the right to sublicense with written permission of each party. In the event that the entity sublicenses or sells the improved technology to a third party, then a portion of the total payments, to be decided by mutual agreement, will be due to the Company.
The Company is obligated to make the following milestone payments to the entity based on commencement of various clinical trials and submissions of an application to the FDA for regulatory approval:
Total milestone payments are not to exceed $900,000 and can only be paid one time and will not repeat for subsequent products. At December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, no milestones have been achieved.
The agreement will remain in effect as long as the patent rights remain in effect. Adamis has the right to terminate the agreement if it is determined that no viable product can come from the technology. Adamis would be required to transfer and assign all filings, rights and other information in its control if termination occurs. Adamis would retain the same royalty rights for license, or sublicense, agreements if the technology is later developed into a product.
Either party may terminate the license agreement in the event of a material breach of the agreement by the other party that has not been cured or corrected within 90 days of notice of the breach.
Influenza Vaccine
On September 22, 2006, the Company entered into an agreement with an entity to manufacture an influenza vaccine for the Company. The agreement requires the Company to pay $70,000 upon commencement of the project, followed by monthly payments based upon services performed until the project is complete. No product has been manufactured and no payments have been made as of December 31, 2017. Once the project begins, the total payments will aggregate $283,420. The project has an open ended start time. Adamis may terminate the agreement upon notice to the other party, other than reimbursing the other party for non-cancellable materials and supplies ordered, and work in progress, through the date of the termination.
Colby Pharmaceuticals
On February 24, 2010, the Company entered into an agreement with Colby Pharmaceutical Company (“Colby”) to acquire three separate exclusive license agreements, covering three small molecule anti-inflammatory compounds, named APC-100, APC-200 and APC-300, for the potential treatment of human prostate cancer, or PCa, in exchange for shares of the Company’s common stock. Colby licensed the patents, patent applications and related intellectual property relating to the compounds pursuant to license agreements with a third party (“WARF”). Pursuant to the agreement as amended, on February 25, 2010, the Company was assigned and transferred the license agreement relating to the APC-300 compound in consideration of the issuance of 47,059 shares of common stock to Colby. The transfer of the license agreements relating to APC-100 and APC-200 occurred at a subsequent closing, pursuant to an amendment to the original agreement. Under the amendment, Colby assigned and transferred to the Company the license agreements relating to APC-100 and APC-200 in consideration for the issuance to Colby of 294,118 shares of the Company’s common stock. Additionally, the Company issued 73,529 shares to each of two parties related to Colby, for consulting services rendered to the Company in connection with the intellectual property covered by the license agreements.
On November 10, 2016, the Company delivered a notice of termination to WARF of the WARF Agreements, which such termination to be effective 90 days after delivery of the notice. These agreements permit either party to terminate the agreements upon prior notice to the other party, without termination fees or penalties. As a result of termination of these agreements, the Company will not be responsible after the effective date of termination for minimum annual payments under the agreements or for payment of patent-related fees and costs relating to the licensed patents and technologies. As part of the winding up and termination process, the Company is responsible for certain expenses and costs incurred through the effective date of termination, and certain provisions of the agreements survive the termination or expiration of the agreements.
Regents of the University of California and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
On April 18, 2011, the Company entered into an agreement with The Regents of the University of California (University) and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. (DFCI) to acquire the Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase as Antigen for Immunization in Cancer. The term of the agreement expires with the last expiration of the last patent covered by the license.
On November 10, 2016, the Company delivered a notice of termination to UCSD and DFCI of the UC/DF Agreement. Under the terms of the agreement, the notice of termination is effective 90 days after delivery. The agreement permits either party to terminate the agreement upon prior notice to the other party, without termination fees or penalties. As a result of termination of the agreement, the Company will not be responsible after the effective date of termination for minimum annual payments under the agreements or for payment of patent-related fees and costs relating to the licensed patents and technologies. As part of the winding up and termination process, the Company is responsible for certain expenses and costs incurred through the effective date of termination, and certain provisions of the agreements survive the termination or expiration of the agreement.
3M License and Asset Acquisition Agreement
On August 1, 2013, we entered into an agreement to initially license and, with an additional closing payment fully acquire from 3M Company and 3M Innovative Properties Company (“3M”), certain intellectual property and assets relating to 3M’s Taper Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI) technology under development for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, for total cash consideration of $10 million. The intellectual property includes patents, patent applications and other intellectual property relating to the Taper assets. We granted back to 3M a license to the intellectual property assets outside of the dry powder inhalation field.
The Company hired an independent valuation specialist to assist management with its determination of the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired to be used in research and development. Management is responsible for the estimates and valuations. The work performed by the independent valuation specialist has been considered in management’s estimates of fair value reflected below.
In addition to the patents and intellectual property, the Company also acquired a transition services agreement outlined in the asset purchase agreement, which provides the buyer certain knowledge transfer rights related to the Taper technology. 3M will provide around five hundred (500) hours of services to the Company as set forth in the letter agreement.
The following table summarizes the fair values of the identifiable assets acquired on December 27, 2013:
The values listed above were determined using the cost savings and discounted cash flow methods. Value is estimated based on the cost savings attributable to the asset being appraised which in this case was the transition service agreement. As with most income-based valuation methods, the cost (or royalty) savings method are generally estimated on an after tax basis and discounted using an after tax discount rate. The cost savings method was used to value the transition services agreement. Discounted cash flow analysis involves projecting monetary benefits directly associated with an asset and factoring them to reflect present value at a rate that considers the risk and rate of return associated with the subject asset. In the application of this approach, the value of the asset is considered to be the sum of the present values of the future cash flows received over the expected life of the asset. We applied the discounted cash flow method to estimate the fair value of the acquired intellectual property (patents and unpatented technology associated with the taper dry powder inhaler IP). In regards to the Taper DPI, we calculated the after-tax net income, or cash flow related to the technology and discounted the future income with a discount rate of 26.5%, a 5.0% premium over the weighted average cost of capital. |
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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES |
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| Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES |
The Company may become involved in or subject to, routine litigation, claims, disputes, proceedings and investigations in the ordinary course of business, which in our opinion will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, cash flows or results of operations. Any such litigation could involve significant amounts of legal fees and other fees and expenses.
The Company previously entered into a lease agreement to occupy approximately 7,525 square feet leased premises with a term commencing December 1, 2014 (as amended, the “Lease”) and expiring on November 30, 2018. Average rent expense is approximately $23,000 per month, with a deposit of $170,000 which was due in November 2014. In December 2017, $42,500 of the deposit was applied to rent and the balance of deposit as of December 31, 2017 was $42,500. The base rent expense over the life of the lease is approximately $1,118,600. Total rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $279,650 per year.
On December 29, 2017, the Company entered into a First Amendment to Lease (the “Amendment") with the lessor of the space, amending the Lease. Pursuant to the Amendment, the Company and Lessor agreed to extend the term of the Lease through November 30, 2023. The Amendment provides that the Company will pay its current base rent through November 30, 2018. Commencing on December 1, 2018 base rent will initially be $28,219 per month for the first 12 months and will increase annually to $31,760 for the 12 months ending November 30, 2023. The Amendment also provides for one option to expand pursuant to which the Company has a right of first refusal for an additional 3,457 square feet of certain office space within the property.
The Company has entered into a lease agreement for the planned expansion of the Company's compounding business, to lease a building consisting of approximately 44,880 square feet located in Conway, Arkansas. The agreement provides for an initial base rent of $12,155 per month for the first 12 months and will increase to $12,895 for the 12 months ending November 30, 2020. Average rent during the term will be $12,523 per month, with a previously paid deposit of $12,155.
Future minimum lease payments as at December 31, 2017 for each of the succeeding five years and thereafter are as follows:
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CAPITAL STRUCTURE |
12 Months Ended | ||
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Dec. 31, 2017 | |||
| Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract] | |||
| CAPITAL STRUCTURE |
On January 19, 2017, the Company issued 18,157 shares of common stock to an institutional investor in exchange for the cancellation of warrants to acquire 181,575 shares of common stock.
In March 2017, 625,013 shares of Series A-2 Convertible Preferred were converted into shares of common stock at a 1:1 ratio, with no shares of Series A-2 Preferred Shares remaining outstanding. In April 2017, the Company completed the closing of an underwritten public offering of 4,928,572 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $3.50 per share. Net proceeds were approximately $16.0 million, after deducting approximately $1,228,000 in underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company. Raymond James & Associates, Inc. acted as the sole book-running manager of the offering and Maxim Group LLC acted as co-manager for the offering. The securities were issued by the Company pursuant to a “shelf” registration statement on Form S-3 that the Company previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (and a related registration statement), and a prospectus supplement and an accompanying prospectus relating to the offering filed in April 2017. In June 2017, the Company issued common stock upon exercise of an investor warrant. The warrant holder exercised for cash at an exercise price of $2.98 per share. The Company received a total proceeds of approximately $321,000 and the warrant holder received 107,755 shares of common stock. In July 2017, the Company issued common stock upon exercise of investor warrants. The warrant holders exercised for cash at exercise prices ranging from $2.90 to $3.40 per share. The Company received total of approximately $2,921,000 and the warrant holders received 914,514 shares of common stock. On July 20, 2017, the Company and certain holders of warrants issued in the Company’s registered direct offering transaction in July 2016 (the “July Warrants”) agreed to reduce the exercise price of the July Warrants held by such holders from $2.98 to $2.78 per share (the “July Reduced Exercise Price”) in consideration for the exercise in full of the July Warrants held by such holders. The Company entered into a Warrant Repricing Letter Agreement (the “Exercise Agreement”) with two holders of the July Warrants (the “Exercising Holders”), which Exercising Holders owned, in the aggregate, July Warrants exercisable for 2,765,500 shares of common stock. Pursuant to the Exercise Agreements, the Exercising Holders and the Company agreed that the Exercising Holders would exercise their July Warrants with respect to all of the shares of common stock underlying such July Warrants for the July Reduced Exercise Price, subject to the 4.99% beneficial ownership limitations contained in the July Warrants. The Company received aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $7,688,000 from the exercise of the July Warrants by the Exercising Holders. In connection with the transaction, the Company recognized an expense for the inducement to exercise the warrants of approximately $553,000. The Company also incurred approximately $100,000 in placement agent fees, legal costs and other related fees, which have been recognized as an offset to the proceeds received from the warrant exercises.
In August 2017, the Company and certain holders of warrants issued in the Company’s private placement transactions in August 2014 (the “2014 Warrants”) and July 2016 (the “2016 Warrants”) agreed to reduce the exercise price of the 2014 Warrants and the 2016 Warrants held by such holders from $3.40 to $3.20 per share and from $2.90 to $2.70 per share, respectively, (the “August Reduced Exercise Price”) in consideration for the exercise of the 2014 Warrants and 2016 Warrants held by such holders. The Company entered into a Warrant Repricing Letter Agreement (the “Exercise Agreement”) with holders of the 2014 Warrants and the 2016 Warrants (the “Exercising Holders”), which Exercising Holders owned, in the aggregate, 2014 Warrants and 2016 Warrants exercisable for 880,672 and 1,154,976 shares of common stock, respectively. Pursuant to the Exercise Agreements, the Exercising Holders and the Company agreed that the Exercising Holders would exercise their 2014 Warrants and 2016 Warrants with respect to all of the shares of common stock underlying such 2014 Warrants and 2016 Warrants for the August Reduced Exercise Price, subject to the 4.99% beneficial ownership limitations contained in the 2014 Warrants and 2016 Warrants. The Company received aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $5,937,000 from the exercise of the 2014 Warrants and 2016 Warrants by the Exercising Holders. In connection with the transaction, the Company recognized an expense for the inducement to exercise the warrants of approximately $407,000.
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CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK |
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Dec. 31, 2017 | ||||||
| Equity [Abstract] | ||||||
| CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK |
August 2014 Series A Preferred Stock In August 2014, the Company completed a private placement transaction with a small number of sophisticated investors pursuant to which the Company issued 1,418,439 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock and warrants to purchase up to 1,418,439 shares of common stock. The shares of Series A Preferred and warrants were sold in units, with each unit consisting of one share and one warrant, at a purchase price of $3.525 per unit. The Series A Preferred is convertible into shares of common stock at an initial conversion rate of 1-for-1 (subject to stock splits, reverse stock splits and similar events) at any time at the discretion of the investor. The exercise price of the warrants is $3.40 per share, and the warrants are exercisable for five years. If the Company grants, issues or sells any Common Stock equivalents pro rata to the record holders of any class of shares of Common Stock (the “Purchase Rights”), then a holder of Series A Preferred or warrants will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the holder could have acquired if the holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon conversion of the Series A Preferred or exercise of the warrants (without regard to any limitations on conversion). If the Company declares or makes any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of Common Stock, then a holder of Series A Preferred or warrants is entitled to participate in such distribution to the same extent as if the holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete conversion of the Series A Preferred or exercise of the warrants (without regard to any limitations on conversion). In accordance with the transaction agreements, the Company filed a registration statement with the SEC, which has been declared effective, to register the resale from time to time of shares of common stock underlying the Series A Preferred and the warrants.
The warrants include call provisions giving the Company the option, subject to various conditions, to call the exercise of any or all of the 2014 warrants, by giving a call notice to the warrant holders. We may give a call notice only within (i) if a holder and its affiliates beneficially own 2% or less of our outstanding common stock, then 10 trading days after any 20-consecutive trading day period during which the daily volume weighted average price of the common stock (the “VWAP”) is not less than 250% of the exercise price for the 2014 warrants in effect for 10 out of such 20-consecutive trading day period, and (ii) if holder and its affiliates beneficially own more than 2% of the outstanding common stock, five trading days after any 30-consecutive trading day period during which the VWAP of the common stock is not less than 250% of the exercise price then in effect for 25 out of such 30-consecutive trading day period. The exercise price of the 2014 warrants is $3.40 per share, and accordingly 250% of such exercise price is $8.50 per share. During a “call period” of 30 trading days following the date on which the call notice is deemed given and effective (with the call period being extended for one trading day for each trading day during the call period during which the VWAP is less than 225% of the exercise price then in effect during the call period), a holder may exercise the 2014 warrant and purchase the called warrant shares. Subject to the foregoing and to the other provisions of the 2014 warrants, if the holder fails to timely exercise the called 2014 warrant, the Company may cancel the unexercised called warrant (or portion thereof that was called). As of December 31, 2017, the investors have exercised 2014 warrants to acquire 1,418,439 shares of common stock (see Note 18), with no warrants remaining outstanding. As of December 31, 2016, the investors have converted 1,418,439 shares of Series A Preferred into an equal number of shares of common stock, with no shares of Series A Preferred remaining outstanding. January 2016 Series A-1 Preferred Stock On January 26, 2016, the Company completed a private placement transaction with a small number of accredited investors pursuant to which the Company issued 1,183,432 shares of Series A-1 Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series A-1 Preferred”) and warrants to purchase up to 1,183,432 shares of common stock or Series A-1 Preferred. The shares of Series A-1 Preferred and warrants were sold in units, with each unit consisting of one share and one warrant, at a purchase price of $4.225 per unit. The Series A-1 Preferred is convertible into shares of common stock at an initial conversion rate of 1-for-1 (subject to stock splits, reverse stock splits and similar events) at any time at the discretion of the investor. The exercise price of the warrants is $4.10 per share, and the warrants are exercisable at any time over the five year term of the warrants. If the Company grants, issues or sells any Common Stock equivalents pro rata to the record holders of any class of shares of Common Stock (the “Purchase Rights”), then a holder of Series A-1 Preferred or warrants will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the holder could have acquired if the holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon conversion of the Series A-1 Preferred or exercise of the warrants (without regard to any limitations on conversion). If the Company declares or makes any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of Common Stock, then a holder of Series A-1 Preferred or warrants is entitled to participate in such distribution to the same extent as if the holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete conversion of the Series A-1 Preferred or exercise of the warrants (without regard to any limitations on conversion). Gross proceeds to the Company were approximately $5,000,000 excluding transactions costs, fees and expenses. In accordance with the transaction agreements, the Company filed a registration statement with the SEC, which has been declared effective, to register the resale from time to time of shares of common stock underlying the Series A-1 Preferred and the warrants. The January 2016 warrants include call provisions that are generally similar to the 2014 warrants. The exercise price of the January 2016 warrants is $4.10 per share, and accordingly 250% of such exercise price is $10.25 per share. The warrants to purchase 1,183,432 shares remain outstanding as of December 31, 2017. As of December 31, 2016, the investors have converted 1,183,432 shares of Series A-1 Preferred into an equal number of shares of common stock, with no shares of Series A-1 Preferred Shares remaining outstanding. July 2016 Series A-2 Preferred Stock On July 11, 2016, the Company completed a private placement transaction with a small number of accredited investors pursuant to which the Company issued 1,724,137 shares of Series A-2 Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series A-2 Preferred”) and warrants to purchase up to 1,724,137 shares of common stock or Series A-2 Preferred. The shares of Series A-2 Preferred and warrants were sold in units, with each unit consisting of one share and one warrant, at a purchase price of $2.90 per unit. The Series A-2 Preferred is convertible into shares of common stock at an initial conversion rate of 1-for-1 (subject to stock splits, reverse stock splits and similar events) at any time at the discretion of the investor. The exercise price of the warrants is $2.90 per share, and the warrants are exercisable at any time over the five year term of the warrants. If the Company grants, issues or sells any Common Stock equivalents pro rata to the record holders of any class of shares of Common Stock (the “Purchase Rights”), then a holder of Series A-2 Preferred or warrants will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the holder could have acquired if the holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon conversion of the Series A-2 Preferred or exercise of the warrants (without regard to any limitations on conversion). If the Company declares or makes any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of Common Stock, then a holder of Series A-2 Preferred or warrants is entitled to participate in such distribution to the same extent as if the holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete conversion of the Series A-2 Preferred or exercise of the warrants (without regard to any limitations on conversion). Gross proceeds to the Company were approximately $5,000,000 excluding transactions costs, fees and expenses. In accordance with the transaction agreements, the Company filed a registration statement with the SEC, which has been declared effective, to register the resale from time to time of shares of common stock underlying the Series A-2 Preferred and the warrants. The July 2016 warrants include call provisions that are generally similar to the 2014 warrants. The exercise price of the July 2016 warrants is $2.90 per share, and accordingly 250% of such exercise price is $7.25 per share. As of December 31, 2017, the investors have exercised July 2016 warrants to acquire 1,531,723 shares of common stock (see Note 18), with 192,414 warrants remaining outstanding. On the date of the issuance, the fair value of the common stock issuable upon conversion of the Series A-2 preferred stock was greater than the proceeds received for the Series A-2 Preferred. As such, the Company accounted for the beneficial conversion feature under ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options. The Company identified a deemed dividend charge of approximately $1,374,000 for the recognition of a discount on the Series A-2 Preferred, resulting from an allocation of the proceeds received between the warrants and the beneficial conversion feature embedded within the Series A-2 Preferred, which equals the amount by which the estimated fair value of the common stock issuable upon conversion of the issued Series A-2 convertible preferred stock exceeded the proceeds from such issuance. The deemed dividend on preferred stock was a non-cash transaction and reflected below the net loss in the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ending December 31, 2016, to arrive at the net loss applicable to common stock.
For the periods ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the investors have converted 625,013 shares and 1,099,124 shares, respectively, of Series A-2 Preferred into an equal number of shares of common stock, with no shares of Series A-2 Preferred Shares remaining outstanding as of December 31, 2017. |
STOCK OPTION PLANS, SHARES RESERVED AND WARRANTS |
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| Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| STOCK OPTION PLANS, SHARES RESERVED AND WARRANTS |
The Company has a 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2009 Plan”). The 2009 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards, stock appreciation rights, performance stock awards, and other forms of equity compensation (collectively “stock awards”). In addition, the 2009 Plan provides for the grant of performance cash awards. The initial aggregate number of shares of common stock that may be issued initially pursuant to stock awards under the 2009 Plan was 411,765 shares. The number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance automatically increase on January 1 of each calendar year, from January 1, 2010 through and including January 1, 2019, by the lesser of (a) 5.0% of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding on December 31 of the preceding calendar year or (b) a lesser number of shares of common stock determined by the Company’s board of directors before the start of a calendar year for which an increase applies. On November 3, 2014, the number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2009 Plan increased by 1,000,000. On May 25, 2016, upon the approval of the Company’s stockholders at the annual meeting of stockholders, the number of shares reserved for issuance increased by 4,500,000. At December 31, 2017, the aggregate balance of shares reserved for issuance under the 2009 plan was 11,335,847. On January 1, 2018, pursuant to the provisions of the 2009 Plan, 1,669,471 shares were added to the shares reserved for issuance pursuant to awards under the 2009 Plan (see Note 20).
On February 7, 2017, the Company granted options to purchase 1,458,000 shares of common stock to the officers and employees of the Company under the 2009 Plan with an exercise price of $3.15 per share. The options will vest over a period of three years. These options were valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, the expected volatility was approximately 58%, the term was six years, the dividend rate was 0.0 % and the risk-free interest rate was approximately 2.17%, which resulted in a calculated fair value of $2,551,500.
On February 13, 2017, the Company granted options to purchase 388,750 shares of common stock to the employees of the Company under the 2009 Plan with an exercise price of $3.35 per share. The options will vest over a period of three years. These options were valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, the expected volatility was approximately 58%, the term was six years, the dividend rate was 0.0 % and the risk-free interest rate was approximately 2.24%, which resulted in a calculated fair value of $725,557.
From February 15, 2017 to March 31, 2017, the Company granted options to purchase 75,000 shares of common stock to the new hires of the Company under the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan with exercise prices ranging from $3.40 to $4.25 per share. These options will vest with respect to the one-sixth of the option shares on the date that is six months after the vesting commencement date and one thirty-sixth of the option shares thereafter on each subsequent monthly anniversary of the vesting commencement date, so that the option is exercisable in full over a period of three years. These options were valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, the expected volatility was approximately 58%, the term was six years, the dividend rate was 0.0 % and the risk-free interest rate was approximately 2.22%, which resulted in a calculated fair value of $145,804. On February 28, 2017, the Company granted a stock option to purchase 210,000 shares of common stock to a newly hired employee of the Company under the 2009 Plan with exercise price of $3.45 per share. The options will vest with respect to the one-third of the option shares on the date that is one year after the grant date of the option and one thirty-sixth of the option shares thereafter on each subsequent monthly anniversary of the vesting commencement date, so that the option is exercisable in full over a period of three years. The option was valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing; the expected volatility was approximately 58%, the term was six years, the dividend rate was 0.0% and the risk-free interest rate was approximately 2.19%. The calculated fair value of the options was $403,200. On June 8, 2017, the Company granted options to purchase 90,000 shares of common stock to the non-employee board of officers of the Company under the 2009 Plan with an exercise price of $4.10 per share. The options will vest over a period of three years. These options were valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, the expected volatility was approximately 57%, the term was six years, the dividend rate was 0.0 % and the risk-free interest rate was approximately 2.0%, which resulted in a calculated fair value of $201,600. During the quarter ended June 30, 2017, the Company granted options to purchase 90,000 shares of common stock to the new hires of the Company under the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan with exercise prices ranging from $3.50 to $4.60 per share. These options will vest with respect to the one-sixth of the option shares on the date that is six months after the vesting commencement date and one thirty-sixth of the option shares thereafter on each subsequent monthly anniversary of the vesting commencement date, so that the option is exercisable in full over a period of three years. These options were valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, the expected volatility was approximately 57%, the term was six years, the dividend rate was 0.0 % and the risk-free interest rate was approximately 2.1%, which resulted in a calculated fair value of $203,069. During the quarter ended September 30, 2017, the Company granted options to purchase 285,000 shares of common stock to the new hires of the Company under the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan with exercise prices ranging from $4.50 to $5.65 per share. These options will vest with respect to the one-sixth of the option shares on the date that is six months after the vesting commencement date and one thirty-sixth of the option shares thereafter on each subsequent monthly anniversary of the vesting commencement date, so that the option is exercisable in full over a period of three years. These options were valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, the expected volatility was approximately 58%, the term was six years, the dividend rate was 0.0 % and the risk-free interest rate was approximately 2.1%, which resulted in a calculated fair value of $814,991.
During the quarter ended December 31, 2017, the Company granted options to purchase 90,000 shares of common stock to the new hires of the Company under the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan with exercise prices ranging from $4.00 to $4.55 per share. These options will vest with respect to the one-sixth of the option shares on the date that is six months after the vesting commencement date and one thirty-sixth of the option shares thereafter on each subsequent monthly anniversary of the vesting commencement date, so that the option is exercisable in full over a period of three years. These options were valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, the expected volatility was approximately 57%, the term was six years, the dividend rate was 0.0 % and the risk-free interest rate was approximately 2.3%, which resulted in a calculated fair value of $211,480.
During the year ended December 31, 2017, vested but unexercised options and unvested options to purchase 282,163 shares of common stock were canceled following the holders’ termination of employment.
The following summarizes the stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 below:
Stock based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $6,058,000 and $4,699,000, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, unrecognized compensation expense related to these stock options was approximately $6.9 million and will be recorded as compensation expense over the next three years.
The aggregate intrinsic value (the difference between the Company’s closing stock price on the last trading day of the year and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) of 6,726,594 and 4,320,409 stock options outstanding at December 31, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $2,980,000 and $26,000, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of 3,835,992 and 2,319,963 stock options exercisable at December 31, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $1,009,000 and $1,000, respectively.
The Company has reserved shares of common stock for issuance upon conversion or exercise at December 31, 2017 as follows:
The following table summarizes warrants outstanding at December 31, 2017:
*Exercisable upon default of Line of Credit at Bear State Bank, see Note 11.
On March 6, 2013, the Company issued RSUs covering 42,707 shares of common stock to directors, officers and employees of the Company under the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan. The value of the award per share was $11.39. A portion of the award vests on the first anniversary date of issuance with the remaining vesting annually in equal amounts over 2 years. The fair value of RSUs is $486,433. On August 25, 2016, 5,590 RSUs vested and were issued as common stock. The Company recorded compensation expense, related to these RSU's, of $0 and $15,922 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Unrecognized compensation expense related to these RSUs as of December 31, 2017 was zero.
On May 25, 2016, the Company issued RSUs covering of 350,000 shares of common stock to the non-employee directors of the Company under the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan. The value of the award per share is $8.46 and will vest 100% on the seventh year anniversary from grant date. The fair value of RSUs is $2,961,000. The Company recorded compensation expense, related to these RSU's, of $423,000 and $253,335 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. Unrecognized compensation expense related to these RSUs as of December 31, 2017 was $2,284,665.
On March 1, 2017, the Company issued RSUs covering 950,000 shares of common stock to officers and employees of the Company under the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan. The value of the award per share was $3.50 and will vest 100% on the seventh year anniversary from grant. The fair value of RSUs is $3,325,000. The Company recorded compensation expense, related to these RSU's, of $395,833 for the year ended December 31, 2017. Unrecognized compensation expense related to these RSUs as of December 31, 2017 was $2,929,167.
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INCOME TAXES |
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| Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| INCOME TAXES |
At December 31, 2017, the Company had available NOL carry forwards of approximately $81 million for federal income tax purposes, which will begin to expire in 2027. The NOL carry forwards for state purposes are approximately $49 million, which will begin to expire in 2031.
Pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Section 382, the annual use of the net operating loss carry forwards and research and development tax credits could be limited by any greater than 50% ownership change during any three year testing period. As a result of any such ownership change, portions of our net operating loss carry forwards and research and development tax credits are subject to annual limitations. The Company completed a Section 382 analysis for the period from June 6, 2006 through September 30, 2017. Based upon the analysis, the Company determined that ownership changes have occurred in prior years. Based on our analysis of our stockholder activity for the three months ended December 31, 2017, there does not appear to be any additional ownership changes that would have caused an additional annual limitation under the provisions of Section 382.
ASC 740 requires that the tax benefit of net operating losses, temporary differences and credit carryforwards be recorded as an asset to the extent that management assesses that realization is "more likely than not." Realization of the future tax benefits is dependent on the Company's ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carryforward period. Because of the Company's recent history of operating losses, management believes that recognition of the deferred tax assets arising from the above-mentioned future tax benefits is currently not likely to be realized and, accordingly, has provided a valuation allowance.
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was enacted on December 22, 2017. The Act includes a number of changes to existing U.S. tax laws, most notably the reduction of the U.S. federal and corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% beginning in 2018. At December 31, 2017, the Company remeasured its deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the rates at which they are expected to reverse in the future, which is generally 21%. The remeasurement of the net deferred tax liability resulted in a provision benefit of $339,000 recorded through continuing operations.
The benefit for income taxes from continuing operations consists of the following for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:
At December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 the significant components of the deferred tax assets from continuing operations are summarized below:
Deferred income taxes are provided for the temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of the Company’s assets and liabilities.
The Company has determined at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 that a full valuation allowance would be required against of all our operating loss carry forwards and deferred tax assets that we do not expect to be utilized by deferred tax liabilities.
The following table reconciles our losses from continuing operations before income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are recognized as a component of income tax expense. For the tax year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized no interest or penalties. |
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SUBSEQUENT EVENTS |
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Dec. 31, 2017 | |||
| Subsequent Events [Abstract] | |||
| SUBSEQUENT EVENTS |
On January 1, 2018, pursuant to the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (Note 18) the number of shares reserved for the issuance of stock awards increased to an aggregate of 11,335,847, after adding 1,669,471 shares. |
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies) |
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| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Principles of Consolidation | Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include Adamis Pharmaceuticals and its wholly-owned operating subsidiaries. All significant intra-entity balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. |
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| Segment Information | Segment Information The Company is engaged primarily in the discovery, development and sales of pharmaceutical, biotechnology and other drug products. Accordingly, the Company has determined that it operates in one operating segment. |
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| Accounting Estimates | Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and the differences could be material. |
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| Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities at the date of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents. |
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| Restricted Cash | Restricted Cash
Restricted cash refers to money that is held for a specific purpose and therefore not available to the Company for immediate or general business use. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company has restricted cash of approximately $1.0 million in the form of a certificate of deposit held by Bear State Bank as part of the collateral to the $2.0 million working capital line of credit.
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| Accounts Receivable | Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable are reported at the amount management expects to collect on outstanding balances. Management provides for probable uncollectible amounts through a charge to earnings and credit to allowance for doubtful accounts. Uncollectible amounts are based on USC’s history of past write-offs and collections and current credit conditions. Provision for bad debts as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $84,000 and $21,000, respectively. |
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| Inventories | Inventories Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The costs of inventories are determined using the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method. Inventories consist of compounding formulation raw materials, work-in-process, currently marketed products, and device supplies. Monthly, the Company reviews the expiration dates of the raw materials and finished goods inventory, and a reserve for obsolescence is recorded based on the expiration dates. Reserve for obsolescence as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $795,000 and $109,000, respectively. |
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| Fixed Assets | Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are recorded at historical cost or fair value as of the date acquired, and depreciated on a straight line basis with useful lives ranging from 3-30 years. |
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| Acquisitions | Acquisitions
The Company has engaged in business combination activity. The accounting for business combinations requires management to make judgments and estimates of the fair value of assets acquired, including the identification and valuation of intangible assets, as well as liabilities assumed. Such judgments and estimates directly impact the amount of goodwill recognized in connection with each acquisition, as goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of an acquired business over the fair value of its net tangible and identifiable intangible assets. |
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| Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets | Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets Goodwill, which has an indefinite useful life, represents the excess of purchase consideration over fair value of net assets acquired. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment at least annually during the fourth quarter, or more frequently if events occur indicating the potential for impairment. During its goodwill impairment review, the Company may assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. The qualitative factors include, but are not limited to, macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, and the overall financial performance of the Company. In performing our goodwill impairment tests during 2017, we utilized the approach prescribed under ASC 350, as amended by ASU 2017-04, Intangibles — Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which we adopted on January 1, 2017 (“ASU 2017-04”). ASU 2017-04 requires that an entity perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. The Company evaluates its long-lived assets with definite lives, such as property and equipment, acquired technology, customer relationships, patent and license rights, for impairment by considering competition by products prescribed for the same indication, the likelihood and estimated future entry of non-generic and generic competition with the same or similar indication and other related factors. The factors that drive the estimate of the life are often uncertain and are reviewed on a periodic basis or when events occur that warrant review. Recoverability is measured by comparison of the assets’ book value to future net undiscounted cash flows that the assets are expected to generate. We performed our annual impairment analysis as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, no impairment of goodwill or acquired intangibles was identified. |
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| Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities | Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Derivatives are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets and are measured at fair value. The treatment of gains and losses resulting from changes in the fair values of derivative instruments is dependent on the use of the respective derivative instrument and whether they qualify for hedge accounting. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, no derivative instruments qualified for hedge accounting. See Note 12 for further discussion of derivative instruments. |
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| Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenues when all of the following criteria have been met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred; (3) the selling price is fixed and determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured. Revenues from our USC subsidiary consist of sales of compounded drugs for humans and animals, including sterile injectable and non-sterile integrative therapies. Sales discounts and rebates are sometimes offered to customers if specified criteria are met. Additionally, sales are generally made with a limited right of return under certain conditions. Revenues are recorded net of provisions for sales discounts and returns, which are established at the time of sale. |
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| Cost of Sales | Cost of Sales Our cost of sales includes direct and indirect costs to manufacture formulations and sell products, including active pharmaceutical ingredients, personnel costs, packaging, storage, royalties, shipping and handling costs, the write-off of obsolete inventory and other related expenses. |
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| Claims Liabilities | Claims Liabilities
Our USC subsidiary was self-insured up to certain limits for health insurance through February 28, 2017. Beginning March 1, 2017, USC elected to participate in a fully insured health insurance plan. The Claims Payable related to the self-insured plan at December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $0 and approximately $126,000, respectively.
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| Stock-Based Compensation | Stock-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation transactions in which the Company receives employee services in exchange for options to purchase common stock. Stock-based compensation cost for restricted stock units (“RSUs”) is measured based on the closing fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Stock-based compensation cost for stock options is estimated at the grant date based on each option’s fair-value as calculated by the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation cost as expense ratably on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. |
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| Research and Development | Research and Development
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Non-refundable advance payments for goods and services to be used in future research and development activities are recorded as an asset and are expensed when the research and development activities are performed. |
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| Legal Expense | Legal Expense
Legal fees are expensed as incurred and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations. |
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| Income Taxes | Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under the deferred income tax method. Under this method, deferred income taxes are determined based on the estimated future tax effects of differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities given the provisions of enacted tax laws.
Deferred income tax provisions and benefits are based on changes to the assets and liabilities from year to year. In providing for deferred taxes, the Company considers tax regulations of the jurisdictions in which they operate, estimates of future taxable income, and available tax planning strategies. If tax regulations, operating results or the ability to implement tax planning strategies vary, adjustments to the carrying value of deferred tax assets and liabilities may be required. Valuation allowances are recorded related to deferred tax assets based on the “more likely than not” criteria.
The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in accordance with accounting guidance which requires the Company to recognize the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would, more likely than not, sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more likely than not threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. At the adoption date, the Company applied the guidance to all tax positions for which the statute of limitations remained open. Upon implementation, the Company did not recognize any additional liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits. Accordingly, the adoption of the guidance had no impact on the Company’s financial statements. There have been no material changes in unrecognized tax benefits since April 1, 2010.
The Company is subject to income taxes in the United States and various states. The Company is no longer subject to the United States Federal, California or Florida income examinations by tax authorities for the years before the year ended March 31, 2013. The Company recognizes interest and penalty accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in its income tax expense, if any. No interest or penalties have been accrued for all presented periods.
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which was enacted in December 2017, had an impact on our income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2017. See Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements for further detail.
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| Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share | Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share
The Company computes basic loss per share by dividing the loss attributable to holders of common stock for the period by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. The diluted loss per share calculation is based on the treasury stock method and gives effect to dilutive options, warrants, convertible notes, convertible preferred stock and other potential dilutive common stock. The effect of common stock equivalents was anti-dilutive and was excluded from the calculation of weighted average shares outstanding. Potential dilutive securities for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 consist of outstanding warrants (3,189,052 and 9,194,044, respectively), outstanding options (6,726,594 and 4,320,409, respectively), outstanding restricted stock units (1,300,000 and 350,000, respectively), and convertible preferred stock (zero and 625,013, respectively).
The calculation of diluted loss per share requires that, to the extent the average market price of the underlying shares for the reporting period exceeds the exercise price of the warrants and the presumed exercise of such securities are dilutive to loss per share for the period, an adjustment to net loss used in the calculation is required to remove the change in fair value of the warrants from the numerator for the period. Likewise, an adjustment to the denominator is required to reflect the related dilutive shares, if any, under the treasury stock method.
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| Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements | Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).” Pursuant to ASU No. 2015-14 issued in August 2015, the effective date of ASU 2014-09 is for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that period. We adopted ASU 2014-09 utilizing the deferred effective date of January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method with the cumulative effect of the change recognized in retained earnings. The new guidance, referred to as ASC 606, requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers and replaces most of the existing revenue recognition standards in U.S. GAAP. A five step model will be utilized to achieve the core principle; (1) identify the customer contract, (2) identify the contract’s performance obligations, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied.
We have evaluated the impact that adoption of this new standard will have on our consolidated financial statements and we believe that the timing of revenue recognition and amount of revenue recognized will not change under the new standard. Accordingly, we expect that it will not have a material quantitative impact on our revenue recognition relating to sales of compounded pharmacy formulations and other pharmacy products by USC. We also determined that the modified retrospective adoption will have no impact on either the timing or amount of prior period revenues. As a result, any comparative information will not be restated and will continue to be reported under the accounting standards in affect for those periods.
The standard also expands disclosures for revenue including disclosure of disaggregation of revenue into categories that depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flow are affected by economic factors. Accordingly, revenue from the Company’s USC subsidiary has been disaggregated to show the breakdown of revenue between sterile and non-sterile compounded products. This disaggregation was identified based on the increased regulatory environment surrounding sterile formulations. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, revenue from sterile formulations totaled approximately $7,892,000 and $2,836,000, respectively, and revenue from non-sterile formulations totaled approximately $5,181,000 and $3,638,000, respectively. No other qualitative impact of adopting this standard has been identified.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)”. The amendments under this pronouncement will change the way all leases with a duration of one year or more are treated. Under this guidance, lessees will be required to capitalize virtually all leases on the balance sheet as a right-of-use asset and an associated financing lease liability or capital lease liability. The right-of-use asset represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the specified lease term. The lease liability represents the lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease, measured on a discounted basis. Based on certain characteristics, leases are classified as financing leases or operating leases. Financing lease liabilities, those that contain provisions similar to capitalized leases, are amortized like capital leases are under current accounting, as amortization expense and interest expense in the statement of operations. Operating lease liabilities are amortized on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease as lease expense in the statement of operations. This update is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those reporting periods, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently assessing the impact of adopting this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. ASU 2017-04 simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under the new amendments, an entity should perform its annual or interim goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. This ASU is effective prospectively to impairment tests beginning January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. We adopted this guidance prospectively at the beginning of first quarter 2017, which will simplify our future goodwill impairment testing.
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, which clarifies when changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award must be accounted for as modifications. ASU 2017-09 will reduce diversity in practice and result in fewer changes to the terms of an award being accounted for as modifications. Under ASU 2017-09, an entity will not apply modification accounting to a share-based payment award if the award’s fair value, vesting conditions and classification as an equity or liability instrument are the same immediately before and after the change. ASU 2017-09 will be applied prospectively to awards modified on or after the adoption date. The guidance is effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect this new guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): I. Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features and II. Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception. Part I of this update addresses public entities that issue warrants, convertible debt or convertible preferred stock that contain down round features. Part II of this update recharacterizes the indefinite deferral of certain provisions of Topic 480 that now are presented as pending content in the Codification, to a scope exception. Those amendments do not have an accounting effect. This ASU is effective for public companies for the annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect this new guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. |
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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Tables) |
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| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of basic and diluted loss per share |
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ACQUISITION OF U.S. COMPOUNDING (Tables) |
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| Business Combinations [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of total purchase price | Total purchase price plus assumed debt is summarized as follows:
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| Schedule of fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed | The fair value of net assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
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INVENTORIES (Tables) |
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| Inventory Disclosure [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of inventories | Inventories at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consisted of the following:
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PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS (Tables) |
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| Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of prepaid expenses and other current assets | Prepaid expenses and other current assets at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:
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FIXED ASSETS (Tables) |
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| Schedule of fixed assets | Fixed assets at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are summarized in the table below:
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INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of intangible assets | Intangible assets at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are summarized in the table below:
|
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| Schedule of estimated future amortization expense | Estimated amortization expense of definite-lived intangible assets at December 31, 2017 for each of the five succeeding years and thereafter is as follows:
|
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ACCRUED OTHER EXPENSES (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Payables and Accruals [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of accrued other expenses | Accrued other expenses at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:
|
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DEBT (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of principal maturities under the amended long-term debts | At December 31, 2017 the principal maturities of the amended long-term debts were as follows:
|
DERIVATIVE LIABILITY AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivative And Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of reconciliation of liabilities measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3): | The table below provides a reconciliation of beginning and ending balances for the liabilities measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):
|
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LICENSING AGREEMENTS (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Licensing Agreements Tables | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of milestone payments | The Company is obligated to make the following milestone payments to the entity based on commencement of various clinical trials and submissions of an application to the FDA for regulatory approval:
|
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| Schedule of the fair values of the identifiable assets acquired | The following table summarizes the fair values of the identifiable assets acquired on December 27, 2013:
|
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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of future minimum lease payments | Future minimum lease payments as at December 31, 2017 for each of the succeeding five years and thereafter are as follows:
|
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STOCK OPTION PLANS, SHARES RESERVED AND WARRANTS (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of stock option activity | The following summarizes the stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 below:
|
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| Schedule of reserved shares of common stock for issuance upon conversion or exercise | The Company has reserved shares of common stock for issuance upon conversion or exercise at December 31, 2017 as follows:
|
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| Schedule of warrants outstanding | The following table summarizes warrants outstanding at December 31, 2017:
*Exercisable upon default of Line of Credit at Bear State Bank, see Note 11. |
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INCOME TAXES (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of components of income tax benefit | The benefit for income taxes from continuing operations consists of the following for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:
|
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| Schedule of significant components of deferred tax assets | At December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 the significant components of the deferred tax assets from continuing operations are summarized below:
|
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| Schedule of income tax reconciliation | The following table reconciles our losses from continuing operations before income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
|
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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Details) - USD ($) |
12 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2017 |
Dec. 31, 2016 |
|
| Loss per Share - Basic and diluted | ||
| Numerator for basic & diluted loss per share | $ (25,538,980) | $ (20,811,481) |
| Denominator for basic & diluted loss per share | 28,349,368 | 17,500,827 |
| Loss per common share - basic & diluted | $ (.90) | $ (1.19) |
CONCENTRATIONS (Details Narrative) |
12 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
|
Dec. 31, 2017
USD ($)
Vendor
|
Dec. 31, 2016
USD ($)
|
|
| Purchase [Member] | ||
| Number of vendors | Vendor | 2 | |
| Percentage of concentration risk | 10.00% | |
| Purchase [Member] | Vendor A [Member] | ||
| Percentage of concentration risk | 15.00% | 10.00% |
| Amount of purchase concentration | $ | $ 3,200,000 | $ 3,400,000 |
| Purchase [Member] | Vendor B [Member] | ||
| Percentage of concentration risk | 10.00% | |
| Accounts Payable [Member] | ||
| Number of vendors | Vendor | 2 | |
| Percentage of concentration risk | 10.00% | |
| Accounts Payable [Member] | Vendor A [Member] | ||
| Percentage of concentration risk | 25.00% | |
| Accounts Payable [Member] | Vendor B [Member] | ||
| Percentage of concentration risk | 12.00% | |
| Accounts Payable [Member] | Vendor C [Member] | ||
| Percentage of concentration risk | 13.00% | |
| Amount of purchase concentration | $ | $ 1,400,000 | |
ACQUISITION OF U.S. COMPOUNDING (Details) - US Compounding [Member] |
Apr. 11, 2016
USD ($)
|
|---|---|
| Stock to Seller at Close | $ 3,598,884 |
| Stock to Escrow | 1,899,000 |
| Incentive Stock to Seller | 4,747,500 |
| Plus: Assumed Liabilities | 5,722,558 |
| Total Purchase Price | $ 15,967,942 |
ACQUISITION OF U.S. COMPOUNDING (Details 1) - USD ($) |
Dec. 31, 2017 |
Dec. 31, 2016 |
Apr. 11, 2016 |
Dec. 27, 2013 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assets Acquired: | ||||
| Goodwill | $ 7,640,622 | $ 7,640,622 | ||
| Total assets | $ 10,000,000 | |||
| US Compounding [Member] | ||||
| Assets Acquired: | ||||
| Cash | $ 381,883 | |||
| Accounts Receivable and Prepaid Expenses | 527,034 | |||
| Inventory | 943,958 | |||
| Fixed Assets | 5,202,356 | |||
| Intangible Assets | 12,419,000 | |||
| Goodwill | 7,640,622 | |||
| Total assets | 27,114,853 | |||
| Liabilities Assumed: | ||||
| Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses | 5,731,390 | |||
| Deferred Tax Liability, gross | 5,415,521 | |||
| Total Liabilities | 11,146,911 | |||
| Total Purchase Price | $ 15,967,942 |
ACQUISITION of U.S. COMPOUNDING (Details Narrative) |
Apr. 11, 2016
shares
|
|---|---|
| US Compounding [Member] | |
| Shares issued in acquisition | 1,618,539 |
INVENTORIES (Details) - USD ($) |
Dec. 31, 2017 |
Dec. 31, 2016 |
|---|---|---|
| Inventory Disclosure [Abstract] | ||
| Finished Goods | $ 256,050 | $ 329,195 |
| Raw Material | 560,829 | 389,569 |
| Devices | 1,007,680 | 223,303 |
| Inventories | $ 1,824,558 | $ 942,067 |
INVENTORIES (Details Narrative) - USD ($) |
Dec. 31, 2017 |
Dec. 31, 2016 |
|---|---|---|
| Inventory Disclosure [Abstract] | ||
| Reserve for obsolescence | $ 795,000 | $ 109,000 |
PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS (Details) - USD ($) |
Dec. 31, 2017 |
Dec. 31, 2016 |
|---|---|---|
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ||
| Prepaid Insurance | $ 75,592 | $ 144,765 |
| Other Prepaid | 390,569 | 39,775 |
| Other Current Assets | 8,019 | 42,500 |
| Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets | $ 474,180 | $ 227,040 |
FIXED ASSETS (Details Narrative) - USD ($) |
12 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2017 |
Dec. 31, 2016 |
|
| Impairment loss | $ 96,346 | |
| Depreciation expense | 588,000 | $ 485,000 |
| Additions to fixed assets | 2,369,000 | |
| Loss on disposal of fixed assets | (20,858) | |
| Total loss on disposals of fixed assets | 271,000 | |
| Accumulated depreciation on fixed assets | 153,000 | |
| Cash from sale of fixed assets | 1,000 | |
| USC [Member] | ||
| Impairment loss | 96,000 | |
| Additions to fixed assets | $ 5,323,000 | |
INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL (Details 1) - USD ($) |
Dec. 31, 2017 |
Dec. 31, 2016 |
|---|---|---|
| Estimated future amortization expense for the year ending December 31, | ||
| 2018 | $ 2,476,091 | |
| 2019 | 2,083,034 | |
| 2020 | 1,925,267 | |
| 2021 | 1,924,370 | |
| 2022 | 1,924,370 | |
| Thereafter | 4,098,881 | |
| Net Carrying Amount - Finite-Lived Assets | $ 14,432,013 | $ 16,891,044 |
INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL (Details Narrative) - USD ($) |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Apr. 11, 2016 |
Dec. 31, 2017 |
Dec. 31, 2016 |
|
| Amortization expense | $ 2,475,000 | $ 2,050,000 | |
| Goodwill | $ 7,640,622 | $ 7,640,622 | |
| US Compounding [Member] | |||
| Goodwill | $ 2,225,000 | ||
| Deferred income tax benefit of acquired goodwill | 5,416,000 | ||
| Goodwill | $ 7,640,622 | ||
ACCRUED OTHER EXPENSES (Details) - USD ($) |
Dec. 31, 2017 |
Dec. 31, 2016 |
|---|---|---|
| Payables and Accruals [Abstract] | ||
| Accrued Commissions | $ 247,197 | $ 253,005 |
| Accrued Expenses | 950,063 | 429,865 |
| Accrued PTO | 265,445 | 174,709 |
| Accrued Salaries | 345,695 | 205,700 |
| Accrued Sales Taxes | 480,895 | 372,675 |
| Accrued State Tax | 4,594 | 12,200 |
| Deferred Rent | 6,783 | 35,223 |
| Health Insurance Claims Payable | 126,248 | |
| Accrued Other Expenses | $ 2,300,672 | $ 1,609,625 |
DEBT (Details) |
Dec. 31, 2017
USD ($)
|
|---|---|
| Principal Maturities during the year ending December 31, | |
| 2018 | $ 483,992 |
| 2019 | 2,583,109 |
| Total | 3,067,101 |
| Building Loan [Member] | |
| Principal Maturities during the year ending December 31, | |
| 2018 | 97,396 |
| 2019 | 2,249,510 |
| Total | 2,346,906 |
| Consolidated Equipment Loans [Member] | |
| Principal Maturities during the year ending December 31, | |
| 2018 | 386,596 |
| 2019 | 333,599 |
| Total | $ 720,195 |
DERIVATIVE LIABILITY AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Details) |
12 Months Ended |
|---|---|
|
Dec. 31, 2016
USD ($)
| |
| Reconciliation of Derivative Fair Value | |
| Balance, Beginning | $ (1,557,716) |
| Release of Warrant Liability Upon Exercise | 160,245 |
| Net Change in Fair Value | 1,397,471 |
| Balance, End | |
| Warrants [Member] | |
| Reconciliation of Derivative Fair Value | |
| Balance, Beginning | (1,174,312) |
| Release of Warrant Liability Upon Exercise | 124,982 |
| Net Change in Fair Value | 1,049,330 |
| Balance, End | |
| Warrant Derivative [Member] | |
| Reconciliation of Derivative Fair Value | |
| Balance, Beginning | (383,404) |
| Release of Warrant Liability Upon Exercise | 35,263 |
| Net Change in Fair Value | 348,141 |
| Balance, End |
DERIVATIVE LIABILITY AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Details Narrative) |
12 Months Ended |
|---|---|
|
Dec. 31, 2016
USD ($)
shares
| |
| Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract] | |
| Exercise of warrants | shares | 52,288 |
| Additional paid in capital | $ | $ 160,245 |
LICENSING AGREEMENTS (Details) - Viral Therapies Licensing Agreements [Member] |
Dec. 31, 2017
USD ($)
|
|---|---|
| Milestone Phase I and I I Clinical Trial [Member] | |
| Business Acquisition [Line Items] | |
| Milestone payment | $ 50,000 |
| Milestone Phase I I Clinical Trial [Member] | |
| Business Acquisition [Line Items] | |
| Milestone payment | 50,000 |
| Milestone Phase I I I Clinical Trial [Member] | |
| Business Acquisition [Line Items] | |
| Milestone payment | 300,000 |
| Milestone F D A Application [Member] | |
| Business Acquisition [Line Items] | |
| Milestone payment | $ 500,000 |
LICENSING AGREEMENTS (Details 1) |
Dec. 27, 2013
USD ($)
|
|---|---|
| Business Acquisition [Line Items] | |
| Equipment acquired | $ 97,100 |
| Total identifiable assets acquired | 10,000,000 |
| Taper DPI Intellectual Property [Member] | |
| Business Acquisition [Line Items] | |
| Intangible assets acquired | 9,708,700 |
| Transmission Service Agreement [Member] | |
| Business Acquisition [Line Items] | |
| Intangible assets acquired | $ 194,200 |
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Details) |
Dec. 31, 2017
USD ($)
|
|---|---|
| Minimum Lease Payments, Sale Leaseback Transactions, Rolling Maturity [Abstract] | |
| 2018 | $ 409,354 |
| 2019 | 490,083 |
| 2020 | 491,504 |
| 2021 | 360,145 |
| 2022 | 370,950 |
| Thereafter | 349,364 |
| Future minimum lease payments | $ 2,471,400 |
STOCK OPTION PLANS, SHARES RESERVED AND WARRANTS (Details) - 2009 Equity Incentive Plan [Member] - $ / shares |
12 Months Ended | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Feb. 13, 2017 |
Feb. 07, 2017 |
Dec. 31, 2017 |
Dec. 31, 2016 |
Dec. 31, 2015 |
|
| Number of options | |||||
| Outstanding options, beginning | 4,320,409 | 2,112,800 | |||
| Options granted | 388,750 | 1,458,000 | 2,696,750 | 2,520,697 | |
| Options exercised | (8,402) | (46,379) | |||
| Options canceled | (282,163) | (266,709) | |||
| Outstanding options, ending | 6,726,594 | 4,320,409 | 2,112,800 | ||
| Exercisable options | 3,835,992 | 2,319,963 | |||
| Weighted average exercise price | |||||
| Outstanding options, beginning | $ 6.06 | $ 5.60 | |||
| Options granted | $ 3.35 | $ 3.15 | 3.54 | 6.58 | |
| Options exercised | 3.17 | 5.07 | |||
| Options canceled | 6.23 | 7.44 | |||
| Outstanding options, ending | 5.05 | 6.06 | $ 5.60 | ||
| Exercisable options | $ 5.51 | $ 5.86 | |||
| Weighted average remaining contractual life | |||||
| Balance | 8 years 2 months 1 day | 7 years 11 months 23 days | 8 years 18 days | ||
| Options granted | 9 years 3 months 4 days | 8 years 9 months 18 days | |||
| Exercisable | 7 years 25 days | ||||
STOCK OPTION PLANS, SHARES RESERVED AND WARRANTS (Details 1) |
Dec. 31, 2017
shares
|
|---|---|
| Reserved shares of common stock for issuance upon exercise | 11,215,646 |
| 2009 Equity Incentive Plan [Member] | |
| Reserved shares of common stock for issuance upon exercise | 6,726,594 |
| RSU [Member] | |
| Reserved shares of common stock for issuance upon exercise | 1,300,000 |
| Warrants [Member] | |
| Reserved shares of common stock for issuance upon exercise | 3,189,052 |
STOCK OPTION PLANS, SHARES RESERVED AND WARRANTS (Details Narrative) - USD ($) |
2 Months Ended | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jan. 02, 2018 |
Jun. 08, 2017 |
Mar. 01, 2017 |
Feb. 28, 2017 |
Feb. 13, 2017 |
Feb. 07, 2017 |
Aug. 25, 2016 |
May 25, 2016 |
May 25, 2016 |
Nov. 03, 2014 |
Mar. 06, 2013 |
Mar. 31, 2017 |
Dec. 31, 2017 |
Sep. 30, 2017 |
Jun. 30, 2017 |
Dec. 31, 2017 |
Dec. 31, 2016 |
Apr. 30, 2017 |
Dec. 31, 2015 |
|
| Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items] | |||||||||||||||||||
| Options canceled | 282,163 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Share price (in dollars per share) | $ 3.50 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Share based compensation expense | $ 6,058,083 | $ 4,699,122 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2009 Equity Incentive Plan [Member] | |||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items] | |||||||||||||||||||
| Reserved shares of common stock for issuance upon exercise | 11,335,847 | 11,335,847 | 411,765 | ||||||||||||||||
| Number of additional shares authorized | 4,500,000 | 1,000,000 | |||||||||||||||||
| Incremental increase in shares reserved for issuance | 5.00% | ||||||||||||||||||
| Options granted | 388,750 | 1,458,000 | 2,696,750 | 2,520,697 | |||||||||||||||
| Exercise price of options granted (in dollars per share) | $ 3.35 | $ 3.15 | $ 3.54 | $ 6.58 | |||||||||||||||
| Expected volatility | 58.00% | 58.00% | |||||||||||||||||
| Risk-free interest rate | 2.24% | 2.17% | |||||||||||||||||
| Expected dividend rate | 0.00% | ||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of awards granted | $ 725,557 | $ 2,551,500 | |||||||||||||||||
| Vesting period | 3 years | 3 years | |||||||||||||||||
| Unrecognized compensation expense | $ 6,900,000 | $ 6,900,000 | |||||||||||||||||
| Period for recognition | 3 years | ||||||||||||||||||
| Options outstanding | 6,726,594 | 6,726,594 | 4,320,409 | 2,112,800 | |||||||||||||||
| Aggregate intrinsic value of stock options outstanding | $ 2,980,000 | $ 2,980,000 | $ 26,000 | ||||||||||||||||
| Options exercisable | 3,835,992 | 3,835,992 | 2,319,963 | ||||||||||||||||
| Aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercisable | $ 1,009,000 | $ 1,009,000 | $ 1,000 | ||||||||||||||||
| 2009 Equity Incentive Plan [Member] | Board of Directors [Member] | |||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items] | |||||||||||||||||||
| Options granted | 90,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise price of options granted (in dollars per share) | $ 4.10 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Expected volatility | 57.00% | ||||||||||||||||||
| Risk-free interest rate | 2.00% | ||||||||||||||||||
| Expected dividend rate | 0.00% | ||||||||||||||||||
| Expected term | 6 years | ||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of awards granted | $ 201,600 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Vesting period | 3 years | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2009 Equity Incentive Plan [Member] | New Employees [Member] | |||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items] | |||||||||||||||||||
| Options granted | 210,000 | 75,000 | 90,000 | 285,000 | 90,000 | ||||||||||||||
| Exercise price of options granted (in dollars per share) | $ 3.45 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Expected volatility | 58.00% | 58.00% | 57.00% | 58.00% | 57.00% | ||||||||||||||
| Risk-free interest rate | 2.19% | 2.20% | 2.30% | 2.10% | 2.10% | ||||||||||||||
| Expected dividend rate | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | ||||||||||||||
| Expected term | 6 years | 6 years | 6 years | 6 years | 6 years | ||||||||||||||
| Fair value of awards granted | $ 403,200 | $ 145,804 | $ 211,480 | $ 814,991 | $ 203,069 | ||||||||||||||
| Vesting period | 3 years | 3 years | 3 years | 3 years | 3 years | ||||||||||||||
| 2009 Equity Incentive Plan [Member] | New Employees [Member] | Minimum [Member] | |||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items] | |||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise price of options granted (in dollars per share) | $ 3.40 | $ 4.00 | $ 4.50 | $ 3.50 | |||||||||||||||
| 2009 Equity Incentive Plan [Member] | New Employees [Member] | Maximum [Member] | |||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items] | |||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise price of options granted (in dollars per share) | $ 4.25 | $ 4.55 | $ 5.65 | $ 4.60 | |||||||||||||||
| 2009 Equity Incentive Plan [Member] | RSU [Member] | |||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items] | |||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of awards granted | $ 3,325,000 | $ 2,961,000 | $ 486,433 | ||||||||||||||||
| Vesting period | 7 years | 7 years | 2 years | ||||||||||||||||
| Awards granted | 950,000 | 350,000 | 42,707 | ||||||||||||||||
| Value per award on grant date (in dollars per share) | $ 11.39 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Share price (in dollars per share) | $ 3.50 | $ 8.46 | $ 8.46 | ||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of RSU's, shares | 5,590 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2009 Equity Incentive Plan [Member] | 2013 Restricted Stock Units [Member] | |||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items] | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unrecognized compensation expense | $ 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||
| Share based compensation expense | 0 | 15,922 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2009 Equity Incentive Plan [Member] | 2016 Restricted Stock Units [Member] | |||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items] | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unrecognized compensation expense | 2,284,665 | 2,284,665 | |||||||||||||||||
| Share based compensation expense | 423,000 | $ 253,335 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2009 Equity Incentive Plan [Member] | 2017 Restricted Stock Units [Member] | |||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items] | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unrecognized compensation expense | $ 2,929,167 | 2,929,167 | |||||||||||||||||
| Share based compensation expense | $ 395,833 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2009 Equity Incentive Plan [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member] | |||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items] | |||||||||||||||||||
| Reserved shares of common stock for issuance upon exercise | 11,335,847 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Number of additional shares authorized | 1,669,471 | ||||||||||||||||||
INCOME TAXES (Details) - USD ($) |
12 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2017 |
Dec. 31, 2016 |
|
| Benefit for income taxes from continuing operations | ||
| Current | $ 4,000 | $ 12,000 |
| Deferred | 256,000 | (7,061,000) |
| Total | 260,000 | (7,049,000) |
| Change in Valuation Allowance | (599,000) | 2,474,000 |
| Tax Benefit, net | $ (339,391) | $ (4,574,765) |
INCOME TAXES (Details 1) - USD ($) |
Dec. 31, 2017 |
Dec. 31, 2016 |
|---|---|---|
| Deferred Tax Assets | ||
| Net Operating Loss Carry forwards | $ 20,137,400 | $ 22,998,800 |
| Tax Credits | 1,253,500 | |
| Stock Compensation | 736,100 | 739,100 |
| Accrued Expenses | 651,400 | 678,600 |
| Accrued Expenses | 1,900 | |
| Gross Deferred Tax Assets | 22,780,300 | 24,416,500 |
| Valuation Allowance | (20,838,600) | (20,239,100) |
| Net Deferred Tax Assets | 1,941,700 | 4,177,400 |
| Deferred Tax Liabilities | ||
| Intangibles | (2,080,700) | (4,605,400) |
| Fixed Assets | (346,000) | (400,600) |
| Total Deferred Tax Liabilities | (2,426,700) | (5,006,000) |
| Net Deferred Tax Liability | $ (485,000) | $ (828,600) |
INCOME TAXES (Details 2) - USD ($) |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 22, 2017 |
Dec. 31, 2017 |
Dec. 31, 2016 |
|
| Reconciliation of losses from continuing operations before income taxes (Amount) | |||
| Federal Statutory Rate | $ (8,800,000) | $ (8,167,000) | |
| State Income Tax, net of Federal Tax | (305,000) | (911,000) | |
| Other Permanent Differences | 1,669,000 | 925,000 | |
| Prior Year True-Up | 1,323,000 | ||
| Section 382 Analysis and Other | (1,657,000) | ||
| Tax Cuts and Jobs Act | 9,408,000 | ||
| Research and Development Credits | (1,253,000) | ||
| Change in State Rate | (219,000) | ||
| Change in Valuation Allowance | 599,000 | 2,474,000 | |
| Tax Benefit, net | $ (339,391) | $ (4,574,765) | |
| Reconciliation of losses from continuing operations before income taxes (Percent) | |||
| Federal statutory tax rate | 35.00% | 34.00% | 34.00% |
| State statutory tax rate | 1.18% | 3.83% | |
| Other permanent differences tax rate | (6.45%) | (3.85%) | |
| Prior Year True-Up | (5.51%) | ||
| Section 382 Analysis and Other | 6.40% | ||
| Tax Cuts and Jobs Act | (36.35%) | ||
| Research and Development Credits | 4.84% | ||
| Change in State Rate | 0.88% | ||
| Change in Valuation Allowance tax rate | (2.31%) | (10.30%) | |
| Expected Tax Benefit | 1.31% | 19.05% | |
INCOME TAXES (Details Narrative) - USD ($) |
1 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 22, 2017 |
Jan. 31, 2018 |
Dec. 31, 2017 |
Dec. 31, 2016 |
|
| Income Tax Contingency [Line Items] | ||||
| Federal statutory tax rate | 35.00% | 34.00% | 34.00% | |
| Tax provision benefit | $ (339,391) | $ (4,574,765) | ||
| Subsequent Event [Member] | ||||
| Income Tax Contingency [Line Items] | ||||
| Federal statutory tax rate | 21.00% | |||
| State [Member] | ||||
| Income Tax Contingency [Line Items] | ||||
| Net operating loss carry forwards | $ 49,000,000 | |||
| Net operating loss carry forwards, expiration date | Dec. 31, 2031 | |||
| Federal [Member] | ||||
| Income Tax Contingency [Line Items] | ||||
| Net operating loss carry forwards | $ 81,000,000 | |||
| Net operating loss carry forwards, expiration date | Dec. 31, 2027 | |||
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (Details Narrative) - 2009 Equity Incentive Plan [Member] - shares |
Jan. 02, 2018 |
May 25, 2016 |
Nov. 03, 2014 |
Dec. 31, 2017 |
Dec. 31, 2015 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reserved shares of common stock for issuance upon exercise | 11,335,847 | 411,765 | |||
| Number of additional shares authorized | 4,500,000 | 1,000,000 | |||
| Subsequent Event [Member] | |||||
| Reserved shares of common stock for issuance upon exercise | 11,335,847 | ||||
| Number of additional shares authorized | 1,669,471 |
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