Trading Assets and Liabilities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Trading Assets and Liabilities [Abstract]

Note 5.

Trading Assets and Liabilities

Trading assets and liabilities include trading cash instruments and derivatives held in connection with the firm’s market-making or risk management activities. These assets and liabilities are accounted for at fair value either under the fair value option or in accordance with other U.S. GAAP, and the related fair value gains and losses are generally recognized in the consolidated statements of earnings.

The table below presents a summary of trading assets and liabilities.



$ in millions	Trading Assets	Trading Liabilities
As of September 2020
Trading cash instruments	$343,880	$105,443
Derivatives	64,520	56,698
Total	$408,400	$162,141
As of December 2019
Trading cash instruments	$310,080	$ 65,033
Derivatives	45,252	43,802
Total	$355,332	$108,835

See Note 6 for further information about trading cash instruments and Note 7 for further information about derivatives.

Gains and Losses from Market Making

The table below presents market making revenues by major product type.



	Three Months Ended September					Nine Months Ended September

$ in millions		2020		2019			2020		2019
Interest rates		$1,732		$ (613	)		$ 3,784		$1,379
Credit		578		245			3,571		700
Currencies		(981	)	2,127			(1,674	)	3,549
Equities		1,391		788			5,022		1,963
Commodities		607		(71	)		2,093		87
Total		$3,327		$2,476			$12,796		$7,678

In the table above:

•

Gains/(losses) include both realized and unrealized gains and losses. Gains/(losses) exclude related interest income and interest expense. See Note 23 for further information about interest income and interest expense.

•

Gains and losses included in market making are primarily related to the firm’s trading assets and liabilities, including both derivative and

non-derivative

financial instruments.

•

Gains/(losses) are not representative of the manner in which the firm manages its business activities because many of the firm’s market-making and client facilitation strategies utilize financial instruments across various product types. Accordingly, gains or losses in one product type frequently offset gains or losses in other product types. For example, most of the firm’s longer-term derivatives across product types are sensitive to changes in interest rates and may be economically hedged with interest rate swaps. Similarly, a significant portion of the firm’s trading cash instruments and derivatives across product types has exposure to foreign currencies and may be economically hedged with foreign currency contracts.