Credit Concentrations

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Note 26.

Credit Concentrations

The firm’s concentrations of credit risk arise from its market making, client facilitation, investing, underwriting, lending and collateralized transactions, and cash management activities, and may be impacted by changes in economic, industry or political factors. These activities expose the firm to many different industries and counterparties, and may also subject the firm to a concentration of credit risk to a particular central bank, counterparty, borrower or issuer, including sovereign issuers, or to a particular clearing house or exchange. The firm seeks to mitigate credit risk by actively monitoring exposures and obtaining collateral from counterparties as deemed appropriate.

The firm measures and monitors its credit exposure based on amounts owed to the firm after taking into account risk mitigants that management considers when determining credit risk. Such risk mitigants include netting and collateral arrangements and economic hedges, such as credit derivatives, futures and forward contracts. Netting and collateral agreements permit the firm to offset receivables and payables with such counterparties and/or enable the firm to obtain collateral on an upfront or contingent basis.

The table below presents the credit concentrations included in trading cash instruments and investments.



	As of December

$ in millions		2019	2018
U.S. government and agency obligations		$167,097	$111,114
Percentage of total assets		16.8%	11.9%
Non-U.S. government and agency obligations		$ 44,875	$ 43,607
Percentage of total assets		4.5%	4.7%

In addition, the firm had $96.97 billion as of December 2019 and $90.47 billion as of December 2018 of cash deposits held at central banks (included in cash and cash equivalents), of which $50.55 billion as of December 2019 and $29.20 billion as of December 2018 was held at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

As of both December 2019 and December 2018, the firm did not have credit exposure to any other counterparty that exceeded 2% of total assets.

Collateral obtained by the firm related to derivative assets is principally cash and is held by the firm or a third-party custodian. Collateral obtained by the firm related to resale agreements and securities borrowed transactions is primarily U.S. government and agency obligations and

non-U.S.

government and agency obligations. See Note 11 for further information about collateralized agreements and financings.

The table below presents U.S. government and agency obligations and

non-U.S.

government and agency obligations that collateralize resale agreements and securities borrowed transactions.



	As of December

$ in millions		2019	2018
U.S. government and agency obligations		$49,396	$78,828
Non-U.S. government and agency obligations		$55,889	$76,745

In the table above:

•	Non-U.S. government and agency obligations primarily consists of securities issued by the governments of Japan, France, the U.K. and Germany.

•	Given that the firm’s primary credit exposure on such transactions is to the counterparty to the transaction, the firm would be exposed to the collateral issuer only in the event of counterparty default.