10-K

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-K

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 Commission File Number: 001-14965

The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	13-4019460
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
200 West Street	10282
New York, N.Y. (Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(212) 902-1000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class:	Name of each exchange on which registered:
Common stock, par value $.01 per share	New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, Each Representing 1/1,000th Interest in a Share of Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series A	New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, Each Representing 1/1,000th Interest in a Share of 6.20% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series B	New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, Each Representing 1/1,000th Interest in a Share of Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series C	New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, Each Representing 1/1,000th Interest in a Share of Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series D	New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, Each Representing 1/1,000th Interest in a Share of Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series I	New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, Each Representing 1/1,000th Interest in a Share of 5.50% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series J	New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, Each Representing 1/1,000th Interest in a Share of 6.375% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series K	New York Stock Exchange
Depository Shares, Each Representing 1/1,000th Interest in a Share of 6.30% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series N	New York Stock Exchange
See Exhibit 99.2 for debt and trust securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Act

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. ☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of the Annual Report on Form 10-K or any amendment to the Annual Report on Form 10-K. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒	Accelerated filer ☐	Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☐
		(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No

As of June 30, 2016, the aggregate market value of the common stock of the registrant held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $59.3 billion.

As of February 10, 2017, there were 398,377,814 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

Documents incorporated by reference: Portions of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.’s Proxy Statement for its 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated by reference in the Annual Report on Form 10-K in response to Part III, Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14.

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016

INDEX

Form 10-K Item Number	Page No.
PART I		1
Item 1 Business		1
Introduction		1
Our Business Segments and Segment  Operating Results		1
Investment Banking		2
Institutional Client Services		2
Investing & Lending		4
Investment Management		4
Business Continuity and Information Security		5
Employees		6
Competition		6
Regulation		7
Available Information		23
Cautionary Statement Pursuant to the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995		24
Item 1A Risk Factors		25
Item 1B Unresolved Staff Comments		44
Item 2 Properties		44
Item 3 Legal Proceedings		45
Item 4 Mine Safety Disclosures		45
Executive Officers of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.		45
PART II		46
Item 5 Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities		46
Item 6 Selected Financial Data		46

Page No.
Item 7 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	47
Introduction	47
Executive Overview	48
Business Environment	49
Critical Accounting Policies	50
Recent Accounting Developments	53
Use of Estimates	53
Results of Operations	53
Balance Sheet and Funding Sources	66
Equity Capital Management and Regulatory Capital	71
Regulatory Developments	77
Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations	79
Risk Management	81
Overview and Structure of Risk Management	82
Liquidity Risk Management	87
Market Risk Management	94
Credit Risk Management	99
Operational Risk Management	105
Model Risk Management	107
Item 7A Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	107

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX

Page No.
Item 8 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	108
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting	108
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	109
Consolidated Financial Statements	110
Consolidated Statements of Earnings	110
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	111
Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition	112
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity	113
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	114
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	115
Note 1.   Description of Business	115
Note 2.   Basis of Presentation	115
Note 3.   Significant Accounting Policies	116
Note 4.    Financial Instruments Owned, at Fair Value and Financial Instruments Sold, But Not Yet Purchased, at Fair Value	122
Note 5.   Fair Value Measurements	123
Note 6.   Cash Instruments	124
Note 7.   Derivatives and Hedging Activities	130
Note 8.   Fair Value Option	141
Note 9.   Loans Receivable	147
Note 10. Collateralized Agreements and Financings	151
Note 11. Securitization Activities	155
Note 12. Variable Interest Entities	157
Note 13. Other Assets	161
Note 14. Deposits	164
Note 15. Short-Term Borrowings	164
Note 16. Long-Term Borrowings	165
Note 17. Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses	168
Note 18. Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees	168
Note 19. Shareholders’ Equity	172
Note 20. Regulation and Capital Adequacy	175
Note 21. Earnings Per Common Share	183
Note 22. Transactions with Affiliated Funds	184
Note  23. Interest Income and Interest Expense	184

Page No.
Note 24. Income Taxes	185
Note 25. Business Segments	187
Note 26. Credit Concentrations	189
Note 27. Legal Proceedings	190
Note 28. Employee Benefit Plans	196
Note 29. Employee Incentive Plans	197
Note 30. Parent Company	199
Supplemental Financial Information	201
Quarterly Results	201
Common Stock Price Range	201
Common Stock Performance	201
Selected Financial Data	202
Statistical Disclosures	202
Item 9 Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	208
Item 9A Controls and Procedures	208
Item 9B Other Information	208
PART III	208
Item 10 Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	208
Item 11 Executive Compensation	208
Item 12 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	208
Item 13 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	209
Item 14 Principal Accounting Fees and Services	209
PART IV	209
Item 15 Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules	209
SIGNATURES	214

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

PART I

Item 1. Business

Introduction

Goldman Sachs is a leading global investment banking, securities and investment management firm that provides a wide range of financial services to a substantial and diversified client base that includes corporations, financial institutions, governments and individuals.

When we use the terms “Goldman Sachs,” “the firm,” “we,” “us” and “our,” we mean The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (Group Inc. or parent company), a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries.

References to “this Form 10-K” are to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. References to “the 2015 Form 10-K” are to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015. All references to 2016, 2015 and 2014 refer to our years ended, or the dates, as the context requires, December 31, 2016, December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.

Group Inc. is a bank holding company and a financial holding company regulated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Federal Reserve Board). Our U.S. depository institution subsidiary, Goldman Sachs Bank USA (GS Bank USA), is a New York State-chartered bank.

As of December 2016, we had offices in over 30 countries and 47% of our total staff was based outside the Americas. Our clients are located worldwide and we are an active participant in financial markets around the world. In 2016, we generated 40% of our net revenues outside the Americas. For more information about our geographic results, see Note 25 to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Our Business Segments and Segment Operating Results

We report our activities in four business segments: Investment Banking, Institutional Client Services, Investing & Lending and Investment Management.

The chart below presents our four business segments.

The table below presents our segment operating results.

	Year Ended December				% of 2016 Net Revenues
$ in millions		2016	2015	2014
Investment Banking
Net revenues		$  6,273	$  7,027	$  6,464		21%
Operating expenses		3,437	3,713	3,688
Pre-tax earnings		$  2,836	$  3,314	$  2,776
Institutional Client Services
Net revenues		$14,467	$15,151	$15,197		47%
Operating expenses		9,713	13,938	10,880
Pre-tax earnings		$  4,754	$  1,213	$  4,317
Investing & Lending
Net revenues		$  4,080	$  5,436	$  6,825		13%
Operating expenses		2,386	2,402	2,819
Pre-tax earnings		$  1,694	$  3,034	$  4,006
Investment Management
Net revenues		$  5,788	$  6,206	$  6,042		19%
Operating expenses		4,654	4,841	4,647
Pre-tax earnings		$  1,134	$  1,365	$  1,395
Total net revenues		$30,608	$33,820	$34,528
Total operating expenses		20,304	25,042	22,171
Total pre-tax earnings		$10,304	$  8,778	$12,357

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 1

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

In the table above:

• Financial information related to our business segments for 2016, 2015 and 2014 is included in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” which are in Part II, Items 7 and 8, respectively, of this Form 10-K. See Note 25 to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K for a summary of our total net revenues, pre-tax earnings and net earnings by geographic region.

• Operating expenses includes provisions of $3.37 billion recorded in Institutional Client Services during 2015 for the settlement agreement with the Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities Working Group of the U.S. Financial Fraud Enforcement Task Force. See Note 27 to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of the 2015 Form 10-K for further information.

• All operating expenses have been allocated to our segments except for charitable contributions of $114 million for 2016, $148 million for 2015 and $137 million for 2014.

Investment Banking

Investment Banking serves public and private sector clients around the world. We provide financial advisory services and help companies raise capital to strengthen and grow their businesses. We seek to develop and maintain long-term relationships with a diverse global group of institutional clients, including governments, states and municipalities. Our goal is to deliver to our institutional clients the entire resources of the firm in a seamless fashion, with investment banking serving as the main initial point of contact with Goldman Sachs.

Financial Advisory. Financial Advisory includes strategic advisory assignments with respect to mergers and acquisitions, divestitures, corporate defense activities, restructurings, spin-offs and risk management. In particular, we help clients execute large, complex transactions for which we provide multiple services, including cross-border structuring expertise. Financial Advisory also includes revenues from derivative transactions directly related to these client advisory assignments. We also assist our clients in managing their asset and liability exposures and their capital.

Underwriting. The other core activity of Investment Banking is helping companies raise capital to fund their businesses. As a financial intermediary, our job is to match the capital of our investing clients, who aim to grow the savings of millions of people, with the needs of our public and private sector clients, who need financing to generate growth, create jobs and deliver products and services. Our underwriting activities include public offerings and private placements, including local and cross-border transactions and acquisition financing, of a wide range of securities and other financial instruments, including loans. Underwriting also includes revenues from derivative transactions entered into with public and private sector clients in connection with our underwriting activities.

Equity Underwriting. We underwrite common and preferred stock and convertible and exchangeable securities. We regularly receive mandates for large, complex transactions and have held a leading position in worldwide public common stock offerings and worldwide initial public offerings for many years.

Debt Underwriting. We underwrite and originate various types of debt instruments, including investment-grade and high-yield debt, bank loans and bridge loans, including in connection with acquisition financing, and emerging- and growth-market debt, which may be issued by, among others, corporate, sovereign, municipal and agency issuers. In addition, we underwrite and originate structured securities, which include mortgage-related securities and other asset-backed securities.

Institutional Client Services

Institutional Client Services serves our clients who come to us to buy and sell financial products, raise funding and manage risk. We do this by acting as a market maker and offering market expertise on a global basis. Institutional Client Services makes markets and facilitates client transactions in fixed income, equity, currency and commodity products. In addition, we make markets in and clear client transactions on major stock, options and futures exchanges worldwide.

As a market maker, we provide prices to clients globally across thousands of products in all major asset classes and markets. At times we take the other side of transactions ourselves if a buyer or seller is not readily available and at other times we connect our clients to other parties who want to transact. Our willingness to make markets, commit capital and take risk in a broad range of products is crucial to our client relationships. Market makers provide liquidity and play a critical role in price discovery, which contributes to the overall efficiency of the capital markets.

2 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Our clients are primarily institutions that are professional market participants, including investment entities whose ultimate customers include individual investors investing for their retirement, buying insurance or putting aside surplus cash in a deposit account.

Through our global sales force, we maintain relationships with our clients, receiving orders and distributing investment research, trading ideas, market information and analysis. Much of this connectivity between us and our clients is maintained on technology platforms and operates globally wherever and whenever markets are open for trading.

Institutional Client Services and our other businesses are supported by our Global Investment Research division, which, as of December 2016, provided fundamental research on more than 3,000 companies worldwide and more than 40 national economies, as well as on industries, currencies and commodities.

Institutional Client Services generates revenues in the following ways:

• In large, highly liquid markets (such as markets for U.S. Treasury bills, large capitalization S&P 500 stocks or certain mortgage pass-through securities), we execute a high volume of transactions for our clients;

• In less liquid markets (such as mid-cap corporate bonds, growth market currencies or certain non-agency mortgage-backed securities), we execute transactions for our clients for spreads and fees that are generally somewhat larger than those charged in more liquid markets;

• We also structure and execute transactions involving customized or tailor-made products that address our clients’ risk exposures, investment objectives or other complex needs (such as a jet fuel hedge for an airline); and

• We provide financing to our clients for their securities trading activities, as well as securities lending and other prime brokerage services.

In connection with our market-making activities, we maintain inventory, typically for a short period of time, in response to, or in anticipation of, client demand. We also hold inventory to actively manage our risk exposures that arise from these market-making activities.

Institutional Client Services activities are organized by asset class and include both “cash” and “derivative” instruments. “Cash” refers to trading the underlying instrument (such as a stock, bond or barrel of oil). “Derivative” refers to instruments that derive their value from underlying asset prices, indices, reference rates and other inputs, or a combination of these factors (such as an option, which is the right or obligation to buy or sell a certain bond or stock index on a specified date in the future at a certain price, or an interest rate swap, which is the agreement to convert a fixed rate of interest into a floating rate or vice versa).

Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution. Includes client execution activities related to making markets in both cash and derivative instruments for interest rate products, credit products, mortgages, currencies and commodities.

• Interest Rate Products. Government bonds (including inflation-linked securities) across maturities, other government-backed securities, repurchase agreements, and interest rate swaps, options and other derivatives.

• Credit Products. Investment-grade corporate securities, high-yield securities, credit derivatives, exchange-traded funds, bank and bridge loans, municipal securities, emerging market and distressed debt, and trade claims.

• Mortgages. Commercial mortgage-related securities, loans and derivatives, residential mortgage-related securities, loans and derivatives (including U.S. government agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations and other securities and loans), and other asset-backed securities, loans and derivatives.

• Currencies. Currency options, spot/forwards and other derivatives on G-10 currencies and emerging-market products.

• Commodities. Commodity derivatives and, to a lesser extent, physical commodities, involving crude oil and petroleum products, natural gas, base, precious and other metals, electricity, coal, agricultural and other commodity products.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 3

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Equities. Includes equities client execution, commissions and fees, and securities services.

Equities Client Execution. We make markets in equity securities and equity-related products, including exchange-traded funds, convertible securities, options, futures and over-the-counter (OTC) derivative instruments, on a global basis. As a principal, we facilitate client transactions by providing liquidity to our clients, including with large blocks of stocks or derivatives, requiring the commitment of our capital.

We also structure and make markets in derivatives on indices, industry groups, financial measures and individual company stocks. We develop strategies and provide information about portfolio hedging and restructuring and asset allocation transactions for our clients. We also work with our clients to create specially tailored instruments to enable sophisticated investors to establish or liquidate investment positions or undertake hedging strategies. We are one of the leading participants in the trading and development of equity derivative instruments.

Our exchange-based market-making activities include making markets in stocks and exchange-traded funds, futures and options on major exchanges worldwide.

Commissions and Fees. We generate commissions and fees from executing and clearing institutional client transactions on major stock, options and futures exchanges worldwide, as well as OTC transactions. We provide our clients with access to a broad spectrum of equity execution services, including electronic “low-touch” access and more complex “high-touch” execution through both traditional and electronic platforms.

Securities Services. Includes financing, securities lending and other prime brokerage services.

• Financing Services. We provide financing to our clients for their securities trading activities through margin loans that are collateralized by securities, cash or other acceptable collateral. We earn a spread equal to the difference between the amount we pay for funds and the amount we receive from our client.

• Securities Lending Services. We provide services that principally involve borrowing and lending securities to cover institutional clients’ short sales and borrowing securities to cover our short sales and otherwise to make deliveries into the market. In addition, we are an active participant in broker-to-broker securities lending and third-party agency lending activities.

• Other Prime Brokerage Services. We earn fees by providing clearing, settlement and custody services globally. In addition, we provide our hedge fund and other clients with a technology platform and reporting which enables them to monitor their security portfolios and manage risk exposures.

Investing & Lending

Our investing and lending activities, which are typically longer-term, include our investing and relationship lending activities across various asset classes, primarily debt securities and loans, public and private equity securities, infrastructure and real estate. These activities include investing directly in publicly and privately traded securities and in loans, and also through certain investment funds that we manage and through funds managed by external parties. We also provide financing to corporate clients and individuals, including bank loans, personal loans and mortgages.

Equity Securities. We make corporate, real estate, infrastructure and other equity-related investments.

Debt Securities and Loans. We make corporate, real estate, infrastructure and other debt investments. In addition, we provide credit to corporate clients through loan facilities and to individuals primarily through secured loans. We also make unsecured loans to individuals through our online platform.

Investment Management

Investment Management provides investment and wealth advisory services to help clients preserve and grow their financial assets. Our clients include institutions and high-net-worth individuals, as well as retail investors who primarily access our products through a network of third-party distributors around the world.

We manage client assets across a broad range of asset classes and investment strategies, including equity, fixed income and alternative investments. Alternative investments primarily include hedge funds, credit funds, private equity, real estate, currencies, commodities, and asset allocation strategies. Our investment offerings include those managed on a fiduciary basis by our portfolio managers as well as strategies managed by third-party managers. We offer our investments in a variety of structures, including separately managed accounts, mutual funds, private partnerships, and other commingled vehicles.

4 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

We also provide customized investment advisory solutions designed to address our clients’ investment needs. These solutions begin with identifying clients’ objectives and continue through portfolio construction, ongoing asset allocation and risk management and investment realization. We draw from a variety of third-party managers as well as our proprietary offerings to implement solutions for clients.

We supplement our investment advisory solutions for high-net-worth clients with wealth advisory services that include income and liability management, trust and estate planning, philanthropic giving and tax planning. We also use our global securities and derivatives market-making capabilities to address clients’ specific investment needs.

Management and Other Fees. The majority of revenues in management and other fees is comprised of asset-based fees on client assets. The fees that we charge vary by asset class and distribution channel and are affected by investment performance as well as asset inflows and redemptions. Other fees we receive primarily include financial counseling fees generated through our wealth advisory services.

Assets under supervision include client assets where we earn a fee for managing assets on a discretionary basis. This includes net assets in our mutual funds, hedge funds, credit funds and private equity funds (including real estate funds), and separately managed accounts for institutional and individual investors. Assets under supervision also include client assets invested with third-party managers, bank deposits and advisory relationships where we earn a fee for advisory and other services, but do not have investment discretion. Assets under supervision do not include the self-directed brokerage assets of our clients. Long-term assets under supervision represent assets under supervision excluding liquidity products. Liquidity products represent money market and bank deposit assets.

Incentive Fees. In certain circumstances, we are also entitled to receive incentive fees based on a percentage of a fund’s or a separately managed account’s return, or when the return exceeds a specified benchmark or other performance targets. Such fees include overrides, which consist of the increased share of the income and gains derived primarily from our private equity and credit funds when the return on a fund’s investments over the life of the fund exceeds certain threshold returns. Incentive fees are recognized only when all material contingencies are resolved.

Transaction Revenues. We receive commissions and net spreads for facilitating transactional activity in high-net-worth client accounts. In addition, we earn net interest income primarily associated with client deposits and margin lending activity undertaken by such clients.

Other Activities

We accept deposits directly from individuals through our online platform. Our online deposits are used to finance, among other things, our lending activity and other inventory.

Business Continuity and Information Security

Business continuity and information security, including cyber security, are high priorities for Goldman Sachs. Their importance has been highlighted by numerous highly publicized events in recent years, including cyber attacks against financial institutions, large consumer-based companies and other organizations that resulted in the unauthorized disclosure of personal information of clients and customers and other sensitive or confidential information and the theft and destruction of corporate information, and extreme weather events, such as Hurricane Sandy.

Our Business Continuity Program has been developed to provide reasonable assurance of business continuity in the event of disruptions at our critical facilities or systems and to comply with regulatory requirements, including those of FINRA. Because we are a bank holding company, our Business Continuity Program is also subject to review by the Federal Reserve Board. The key elements of the program are crisis planning and management, people recovery, business recovery, systems and data recovery, and process improvement. In the area of information security, we have developed and implemented a framework of principles, policies and technology designed to protect the information provided to us by our clients and that of the firm from cyber attacks and other misappropriation, corruption or loss. Safeguards are designed to maintain the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 5

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Employees

Management believes that a major strength and principal reason for the success of Goldman Sachs is the quality and dedication of our people and the shared sense of being part of a team. We strive to maintain a work environment that fosters professionalism, excellence, diversity, cooperation among our employees worldwide and high standards of business ethics.

Instilling the Goldman Sachs culture in all employees is a continuous process, in which training plays an important part. All employees are offered the opportunity to participate in education and periodic seminars that we sponsor at various locations throughout the world. Another important part of instilling the Goldman Sachs culture is our employee review process. Employees are reviewed by supervisors, co-workers and employees they supervise in a 360-degree review process that is integral to our team approach, and includes an evaluation of an employee’s performance with respect to risk management, compliance and diversity. As of December 2016, we had 34,400 total staff.

Competition

The financial services industry and all of our businesses are intensely competitive, and we expect them to remain so. Our competitors are other entities that provide investment banking, securities and investment management services, as well as those entities that make investments in securities, commodities, derivatives, real estate, loans and other financial assets. These entities include brokers and dealers, investment banking firms, commercial banks, insurance companies, investment advisers, mutual funds, hedge funds, private equity funds and merchant banks. We compete with some entities globally and with others on a regional, product or niche basis. Our competition is based on a number of factors, including transaction execution, products and services, innovation, reputation and price.

There has been substantial consolidation and convergence among companies in the financial services industry. Moreover, we have faced, and expect to continue to face, pressure to retain market share by committing capital to businesses or transactions on terms that offer returns that may not be commensurate with their risks. In particular, corporate clients seek such commitments (such as agreements to participate in their loan facilities) from financial services firms in connection with investment banking and other assignments.

Consolidation and convergence have significantly increased the capital base and geographic reach of some of our competitors, and have also hastened the globalization of the securities and other financial services markets. As a result, we have had to commit capital to support our international operations and to execute large global transactions. To take advantage of some of our most significant opportunities, we will have to compete successfully with financial institutions that are larger and have more capital and that may have a stronger local presence and longer operating history outside the U.S. We also compete with smaller institutions that offer more targeted services, such as independent advisory firms. Some clients may perceive these firms to be less susceptible to potential conflicts of interest than we are, and, as described below, our ability to effectively compete with them could be affected by regulations and limitations on activities that apply to us but may not apply to them.

A number of our businesses are subject to intense price competition. Efforts by our competitors to gain market share have resulted in pricing pressure in our investment banking and client execution businesses and could result in pricing pressure in other of our businesses. For example, the increasing volume of trades executed electronically, through the internet and through alternative trading systems, has increased the pressure on trading commissions, in that commissions for electronic trading are generally lower than for non-electronic trading. It appears that this trend toward low-commission trading will continue. In addition, we believe that we will continue to experience competitive pressures in these and other areas in the future as some of our competitors seek to obtain market share by further reducing prices, and as we enter into or expand our presence in markets that may rely more heavily on electronic trading and execution.

The provisions of the U.S. Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act), the requirements promulgated by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (Basel Committee) and other financial regulation could affect our competitive position to the extent that limitations on activities, increased fees and compliance costs or other regulatory requirements do not apply, or do not apply equally, to all of our competitors or are not implemented uniformly across different jurisdictions. For example, the provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act that prohibit proprietary trading and restrict investments in certain hedge and private equity funds differentiate between U.S.-based and non-U.S.-based banking organizations and give non-U.S.-based banking organizations greater flexibility to trade outside of the U.S. and to form and invest in funds outside the U.S.

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Likewise, the obligations with respect to derivative transactions under Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Act depend, in part, on the location of the counterparties to the transaction. The impact of the Dodd-Frank Act and other regulatory developments on our competitive position will depend to a large extent on the manner in which the required rulemaking and regulatory guidance evolve, the extent of international convergence, and the development of market practice and structures under the new regulatory regimes as described further under “Regulation” below.

We also face intense competition in attracting and retaining qualified employees. Our ability to continue to compete effectively will depend upon our ability to attract new employees, retain and motivate our existing employees and to continue to compensate employees competitively amid intense public and regulatory scrutiny on the compensation practices of large financial institutions. Our pay practices and those of certain of our competitors are subject to review by, and the standards of, the Federal Reserve Board and other regulators inside and outside the U.S., including the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) and the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in the U.K. We also compete for employees with institutions whose pay practices are not subject to regulatory oversight. See “Regulation — Compensation Practices” below and “Risk Factors — Our businesses may be adversely affected if we are unable to hire and retain qualified employees” in Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K for more information about the regulation of our compensation practices.

Regulation

As a participant in the global financial services industry, we are subject to extensive regulation worldwide. Our businesses have been subject to increasing regulation and supervision in the U.S. and other countries.

In particular, the Dodd-Frank Act, and the rules thereunder, significantly altered the financial regulatory regime within which we operate. The capital, liquidity and leverage ratios based on the Basel Committee’s final capital framework for strengthening international capital standards (Basel III), as implemented by the Federal Reserve Board, the PRA and FCA and other national regulators, have also had a significant impact on our businesses. The Basel Committee is the primary global standard setter for prudential bank regulation, and its member jurisdictions implement regulations based on its standards and guidelines.

The implications of such regulations for our businesses continue to depend to a large extent on their implementation by the relevant regulators globally, as well as the development of market practices and structures under the regime established by such regulations.

Other reforms have been adopted or are being considered by regulators and policy makers worldwide, as described further throughout this section. Recent political developments, including the new presidential administration in the U.S., have added additional uncertainty to the implementation, scope and timing of regulatory reforms, including potential deregulation in some areas. On February 3, 2017, the President of the U.S. issued an executive order identifying “core principles” for the administration’s financial services regulatory policy and directing the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the heads of other financial regulatory agencies, to evaluate how the current regulatory framework promotes or inhibits the principles and what actions have been, and are being, taken to promote the principles.

Goldman Sachs International (GSI) and Goldman Sachs International Bank (GSIB), our principal E.U. operating subsidiaries, are incorporated and headquartered in the U.K. and, as such, are subject to E.U. legal and regulatory requirements, based on directly binding regulations of the E.U. and the implementation of E.U. directives by the U.K. Both currently benefit from non-discriminatory access to E.U. clients and infrastructure based on E.U. treaties and E.U. legislation, including cross-border “passporting” arrangements and specific arrangements for the establishment of E.U. branches. There is considerable uncertainty as to the regulatory regime that will be applicable in the U.K. following the U.K. referendum vote to leave the European Union (Brexit) and the regulatory framework that will govern transactions and business undertaken by our U.K. subsidiaries in the remaining E.U. countries.

Banking Supervision and Regulation

Group Inc. is a bank holding company under the U.S. Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (BHC Act) and a financial holding company under amendments to the BHC Act effected by the U.S. Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (GLB Act), and is subject to supervision and examination by the Federal Reserve Board.

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Under the system of “functional regulation” established under the BHC Act, the Federal Reserve Board serves as the primary regulator of our consolidated organization. The primary regulators of our U.S. non-bank subsidiaries directly regulate the activities of those subsidiaries, with the Federal Reserve Board exercising a supervisory role. Such “functionally regulated” U.S. non-bank subsidiaries include broker-dealers registered with the SEC, such as our principal U.S. broker-dealer, Goldman, Sachs & Co. (GS&Co.), entities registered with or regulated by the CFTC with respect to futures-related and swaps-related activities and investment advisers registered with the SEC with respect to their investment advisory activities.

Various of our subsidiaries are regulated by the banking and securities regulatory authorities of the countries in which they operate.

Our principal U.S. bank subsidiary, GS Bank USA, is supervised and regulated by the Federal Reserve Board, the FDIC, the New York State Department of Financial Services (NYDFS) and the U.S. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. A number of our activities are conducted partially or entirely through GS Bank USA and its subsidiaries, including: origination of bank loans; personal loans and mortgages; interest rate, credit, currency and other derivatives; leveraged finance; structured finance; deposit-taking; and agency lending. Our consumer-oriented activities are subject to extensive regulation and supervision by federal and state regulators with regard to consumer protection laws, including laws relating to fair lending and other practices in connection with marketing and providing consumer financial products.

GSI, our regulated U.K. broker-dealer subsidiary, which is designated as an investment firm, and GSIB, our regulated U.K. bank and principal non-U.S. bank subsidiary, are supervised and regulated by the PRA and the FCA. GSI provides broker-dealer services in and from the U.K., and GSIB acts as a primary dealer for European government bonds and is involved in market making in European government bonds, lending (including securities lending) and deposit-taking activities.

GSI, GSIB and other regulated entities in the E.U. are subject to directly binding regulations of the E.U. and national implementation of E.U. directives, where applicable.

Capital, Leverage and Liquidity Requirements. We are subject to consolidated regulatory capital and leverage requirements set forth by the Federal Reserve Board. GS Bank USA is subject to capital and leverage requirements that are calculated in substantially the same manner as those applicable to Group Inc., also set forth by the Federal Reserve Board. GSI is subject to capital requirements prescribed in the E.U. Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR) and the E.U. Fourth Capital Requirements Directive (CRD IV).

Under the Federal Reserve Board’s capital adequacy requirements, Group Inc. and GS Bank USA must meet specific regulatory capital requirements that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items. The sufficiency of our capital levels is also subject to qualitative judgments by regulators. Group Inc. and GS Bank USA are also subject to liquidity requirements established by the U.S. federal bank regulatory agencies, and GSI is subject to similar requirements established by U.K. regulatory authorities.

Capital Ratios. We are subject to the Federal Reserve Board’s revised risk-based capital and leverage regulations, inclusive of certain transitional provisions (Revised Capital Framework). The Revised Capital Framework is largely based on Basel III and also implements certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. Under the Revised Capital Framework, we are an “Advanced approach” banking organization and have been designated as a global systemically important bank (G-SIB).

The Revised Capital Framework provides for three additional capital ratio requirements that phase in over time: (i) for capital conservation (capital conservation buffer), (ii) as a consequence of our designation as a G-SIB (G-SIB buffer) and (iii) for counter-cyclicality (counter-cyclical buffer). These additional capital ratio requirements must be satisfied entirely with capital that qualifies as Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1).

The capital conservation buffer began to phase in on January 1, 2016 and will continue to do so in increments of 0.625% per year until it reaches 2.5% of risk-weighted assets (RWAs) on January 1, 2019. The G-SIB buffer also began to phase in on January 1, 2016 and will continue to do so through January 1, 2019.

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The counter-cyclical buffer, of up to 2.5%, is designed to counteract systemic vulnerabilities and applies only to “Advanced approach” banking organizations. The counter-cyclical buffer is currently set at zero percent. Several other national supervisors have also started to require counter-cyclical buffers. The G-SIB and counter-cyclical buffers applicable to us could change in the future and, as a result, the minimum capital ratios we are subject to could increase.

GS Bank USA also computes its capital ratios in accordance with the Revised Capital Framework as an “Advanced approach” banking organization.

The Basel Committee has published final guidelines for calculating incremental capital ratio requirements for banking institutions that are systemically significant from a domestic but not global perspective (D-SIBs). If these guidelines are implemented by national regulators, they will apply to, among others, certain subsidiaries of G-SIBs. These guidelines are in addition to the framework for G-SIBs, but are more principles-based. CRD IV and the CRR provide that institutions that are systemically important at the E.U. or member state level, known as other systemically important institutions (O-SIIs), may be subject to additional capital ratio requirements of up to 2% of CET1, according to their degree of systemic importance (O-SII buffers). O-SIIs are identified annually, along with their applicable buffers. During 2016, the PRA identified Goldman Sachs Group UK Limited (GSG UK), the parent company of GSI and GSIB, as an O-SII. GSG UK’s O-SII buffer is currently set at zero percent.

The Basel Committee has issued a series of updates that propose other changes to capital regulations. In particular, in January 2016, the Basel Committee finalized a revised framework for calculating minimum capital requirements for market risk, which is expected to increase market risk capital requirements for most banking organizations. The Basel Committee has set an effective date for reporting under the revised framework for market risk capital of December 31, 2019. The U.S. federal bank regulatory agencies have not yet proposed rules implementing these revisions for U.S. banking organizations. In November 2016, the European Commission proposed amendments to the CRR to implement these revisions for certain E.U. financial institutions, including GSI.

The Basel Committee has also:

• Finalized a revised standard approach for calculating RWAs for counterparty credit risk on derivatives exposures (“Standardized Approach for measuring Counterparty Credit Risk exposures,” known as “SA-CCR”);

• Published guidelines for measuring and controlling large exposures (“Supervisory Framework for measuring and controlling Large Exposures”); and

• Issued consultation papers on, among other matters, a “Review of the Credit Valuation Adjustment Risk Framework,” revisions to the Basel Standardized and model-based approaches for credit risk and operational risk capital and the design of a capital floor framework based on the revised Standardized approach.

See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Equity Capital Management and Regulatory Capital” in Part II, Item 7 of this Form 10-K and Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K for information about our, GS Bank USA’s and GSI’s capital ratios and minimum required ratios.

As described under “Other Restrictions” below, in September 2016, the Federal Reserve Board issued a proposed rule that would, among other things, require financial holding companies to hold additional capital in connection with covered physical commodity activities.

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Leverage Ratios. Under the Revised Capital Framework, we and GS Bank USA are subject to Tier 1 leverage requirements established by the Federal Reserve Board. The Revised Capital Framework also introduced a supplementary leverage ratio for “Advanced approach” banking organizations effective January 1, 2018 which implements the Basel III leverage ratio framework.

In November 2016, the European Commission proposed amendments to the CRR to implement a 3% minimum leverage ratio requirement for certain E.U. financial institutions, including GSI, which would implement the Basel III leverage ratio framework.

See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Equity Capital Management and Regulatory Capital” in Part II, Item 7 of this Form 10-K and Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K for information about our and GS Bank USA’s Tier 1 leverage ratios and supplementary leverage ratios and GSI’s leverage ratio.

Liquidity Ratios. The Basel Committee’s international framework for liquidity risk measurement, standards and monitoring requires banking organizations to measure their liquidity against two specific liquidity tests.

The liquidity coverage ratio (LCR) applicable to both Group Inc. and GS Bank USA is generally consistent with the Basel Committee’s framework and is designed to ensure that a banking organization maintains an adequate level of unencumbered high-quality liquid assets equal to or greater than the expected net cash outflows under an acute short-term liquidity stress scenario.

In December 2016, the Federal Reserve Board issued a final rule that requires bank holding companies to disclose, on a quarterly basis beginning with the second quarter of 2017, LCR averages over the quarter, quantitative and qualitative information on certain components of the LCR calculation and projected net cash outflows.

The LCR rule issued by the European Commission became effective in the U.K. on October 1, 2015, with a phase-in period whereby certain financial institutions, including GSI, must have a 90% and 100% minimum ratio commencing on January 1, 2017 and January 1, 2018, respectively.

The net stable funding ratio (NSFR) is designed to promote medium- and long-term stable funding of the assets and off-balance-sheet activities of banking organizations over a one-year time horizon. The Basel Committee’s NSFR framework requires banking organizations to maintain a minimum NSFR of 100%, and will be effective on January 1, 2018. In May 2016, the U.S. federal bank regulatory agencies issued a proposed rule that would implement an NSFR for large U.S. banking organizations, including Group Inc. The proposal would require banking organizations to ensure they have stable funding over a one-year time horizon. The proposed NSFR requirement has an effective date of January 1, 2018, including a requirement for quarterly public disclosure of the ratio, as well as a description of the banking organization’s stable funding sources.

In November 2016, the European Commission proposed amendments to the CRR to implement the NSFR for certain E.U. financial institutions, including GSI.

The enhanced prudential standards implemented by the Federal Reserve Board under the Dodd-Frank Act require bank holding companies with $50 billion or more in total consolidated assets (covered BHCs) to comply with enhanced liquidity and overall risk management standards, including a level of highly liquid assets based on projected funding needs for 30 days, and increased involvement by boards of directors in liquidity and overall risk management. Although the liquidity requirement under these rules has some similarities to the LCR, it is a separate requirement.

See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Risk Management — Overview and Structure of Risk Management” and “— Liquidity Risk Management” in Part II, Item 7 of this Form 10-K for information about the LCR and NSFR, as well as our risk management practices and liquidity.

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Stress Tests. Covered BHCs, including Group Inc., are subject to Dodd-Frank Act annual supervisory stress tests conducted by the Federal Reserve Board and semi-annual company-run stress tests. The stress test rules require increased involvement by boards of directors in stress testing and public disclosure of the results of both the Federal Reserve Board’s annual stress tests and a bank holding company’s annual supervisory stress tests, and semi-annual internal stress tests.

We publish summaries of our annual and mid-cycle stress tests results on our website as described under “Available Information” below. Our annual Dodd-Frank Act stress test submission is incorporated into the annual capital plans that we submit to the Federal Reserve Board as part of the Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (CCAR). The purpose of CCAR is to ensure that large bank holding companies have robust, forward-looking capital planning processes that account for each institution’s unique risks and that permit continued operations during times of economic and financial stress. As part of CCAR, the Federal Reserve Board evaluates an institution’s plan to make capital distributions, such as repurchasing or redeeming stock or increasing dividend payments, across a range of macroeconomic and firm-specific assumptions.

GS Bank USA is also required to conduct stress tests on an annual basis, to submit the results to the Federal Reserve Board, and to make a summary of those results public. The rules require that the board of directors of GS Bank USA, among other things, consider the results of the stress tests in the normal course of the bank’s business, including, but not limited to, its capital planning, assessment of capital adequacy and risk management practices. GSI also has its own capital planning and stress testing process, which incorporates internally designed stress tests and those required under the PRA’s Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process.

Dividends and Stock Repurchases. Dividend payments by Group Inc. to its shareholders and stock repurchases by Group Inc. are subject to the oversight of the Federal Reserve Board. The dividend and share repurchase policies of large bank holding companies, such as Group Inc., are reviewed by the Federal Reserve Board through the CCAR process, based on capital plans and stress tests submitted by the bank holding company, and are assessed against, among other things, the bank holding company’s ability to meet and exceed minimum regulatory capital ratios under stressed scenarios, its expected sources and uses of capital over the planning horizon under baseline and stressed scenarios, and any potential impact of changes to its business plan and activities on its capital adequacy and liquidity.

The Federal Reserve Board’s capital plan rule includes a limitation on capital distributions to the extent that actual capital issuances are less than the amount indicated in the capital plan submission.

U.S. federal and state laws impose limitations on the payment of dividends by U.S. depository institutions, such as GS Bank USA. In general, the amount of dividends that may be paid by GS Bank USA is limited to the lesser of the amounts calculated under a “recent earnings” test and an “undivided profits” test. Under the recent earnings test, a dividend may not be paid if the total of all dividends declared by the entity in any calendar year is in excess of the current year’s net income combined with the retained net income of the two preceding years, unless the entity obtains prior regulatory approval. Under the undivided profits test, a dividend may not be paid in excess of the entity’s “undivided profits” (generally, accumulated net profits that have not been paid out as dividends or transferred to surplus).

The applicable U.S. banking regulators have authority to prohibit or limit the payment of dividends if, in the banking regulator’s opinion, payment of a dividend would constitute an unsafe or unsound practice in light of the financial condition of the banking organization. The BHC Act prohibits the Federal Reserve Board from requiring a payment by a holding company subsidiary to a depository institution if the functional regulator of that subsidiary objects to such payment. In such a case, the Federal Reserve Board could instead require the divestiture of the depository institution and impose operating restrictions pending the divestiture.

Source of Strength. The Dodd-Frank Act requires bank holding companies to act as a source of strength to their bank subsidiaries and to commit capital and financial resources to support those subsidiaries. This support may be required by the Federal Reserve Board at times when we might otherwise determine not to provide it. Capital loans by a bank holding company to a subsidiary bank are subordinate in right of payment to deposits and to certain other indebtedness of the subsidiary bank. In addition, if a bank holding company commits to a U.S. federal banking agency that it will maintain the capital of its bank subsidiary, whether in response to the Federal Reserve Board’s invoking its source-of-strength authority or in response to other regulatory measures, that commitment will be assumed by the bankruptcy trustee for the holding company and the bank will be entitled to priority payment in respect of that commitment, ahead of other creditors of the bank holding company.

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Transactions between Affiliates. Transactions between GS Bank USA or its subsidiaries, on the one hand, and Group Inc. or its other subsidiaries and affiliates, on the other hand, are regulated by the Federal Reserve Board. These regulations generally limit the types and amounts of transactions (including credit extensions from GS Bank USA or its subsidiaries to Group Inc. or its other subsidiaries and affiliates) that may take place and generally require those transactions to be on market terms or better to GS Bank USA or its subsidiaries. These regulations generally do not apply to transactions between GS Bank USA and its subsidiaries. The Dodd-Frank Act expanded the coverage and scope of these regulations, including by applying them to the credit exposure arising under derivative transactions, repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements, and securities borrowing and lending transactions.

Resolution and Recovery. Group Inc. is required by the Federal Reserve Board and the FDIC to provide a periodic plan for its rapid and orderly resolution in the event of material financial distress or failure (resolution plan). Our resolution plan must, among other things, demonstrate that GS Bank USA is adequately protected from risks arising from our other entities. The regulators’ joint rule sets specific standards for the resolution plans, including requiring a detailed resolution strategy and analyses of the company’s material entities, organizational structure, interconnections and interdependencies, and management information systems, among other elements. If the regulators jointly determine that an institution has failed to cure identified shortcomings in its resolution plan and that its resolution plan, after any permitted resubmission, is not credible or would not facilitate an orderly resolution under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, the regulators may jointly impose more stringent capital, leverage or liquidity requirements or restrictions on growth, activities or operations or may jointly order the institutions to divest assets or operations in order to facilitate orderly resolution in the event of failure. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Equity Capital Management and Regulatory Capital — Resolution and Recovery Plans” in Part II, Item 7 of this Form 10-K for information about our resolution plan.

We are also required by the Federal Reserve Board to submit, and have submitted, on a periodic basis, a global recovery plan that outlines the steps that management could take to reduce risk, maintain sufficient liquidity, and conserve capital in times of prolonged stress.

The FDIC has issued a rule requiring each insured depository institution with $50 billion or more in assets, such as GS Bank USA, to provide a resolution plan. Our resolution plan for GS Bank USA must, among other things, demonstrate that it is adequately protected from risks arising from our other entities.

The E.U. Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive (BRRD) establishes a framework for the recovery and resolution of financial institutions in the E.U., such as GSI. The BRRD provides national supervisory authorities with tools and powers to pre-emptively address potential financial crises in order to promote financial stability and minimize taxpayers’ exposure to losses. The BRRD requires E.U. member states to grant “bail-in” powers to E.U. resolution authorities to recapitalize a failing entity by writing down its unsecured debt or converting its unsecured debt into equity. Financial institutions in the E.U. (including GSI) must provide that new contracts enable such actions and also amend pre-existing contracts governed by non-E.U. law to enable such actions, if the financial institutions could incur liabilities under such pre-existing contracts.

The BRRD also subjects financial institutions to a minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities (MREL) so that they can be resolved without causing financial instability and without recourse to public funds in the event of a failure. The Bank of England’s rules on MREL are described below under “Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity.”

In May 2016, the Federal Reserve Board released a proposal that would impose restrictions on qualified financial contracts (QFCs) of G-SIBs. This proposal is intended to facilitate the orderly resolution of a failed G-SIB by limiting the ability of the G-SIB to transact with QFC counterparties unless such counterparties waive rights to terminate such contracts immediately upon the entry of the G-SIB or one of its affiliates into resolution. The effective date is proposed to be approximately one year after the proposal is finalized.

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Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity. In December 2016, the Federal Reserve Board adopted a final rule establishing loss-absorbency and related requirements for U.S. G-SIBs such as Group Inc. The rule will be effective in January 2019 with no phase-in period. The rule addresses U.S. implementation of the Financial Stability Board’s (FSB) total loss-absorbing capacity (TLAC) principles and term sheet on minimum TLAC requirements for G-SIBs. The rule (i) establishes minimum TLAC requirements, (ii) establishes minimum “eligible long-term debt” (i.e., debt that is unsecured, has a maturity greater than one year from issuance and satisfies certain additional criteria) requirements, (iii) prohibits certain holding company transactions and (iv) caps the amount of G-SIB liabilities that are not eligible long-term debt.

The rule also prohibits a U.S. G-SIB from (i) guaranteeing liabilities of subsidiaries that are subject to early termination provisions if the parent company of a U.S. G-SIB enters into an insolvency or receivership proceeding, subject to an exception for guarantees permitted by rules of the U.S. federal banking agencies imposing restrictions on QFCs, which have not yet been adopted; (ii) incurring liabilities guaranteed by subsidiaries; (iii) issuing short-term debt; or (iv) entering into derivatives and certain other financial contracts with external counterparties.

Additionally, the rule caps, at 5% of the value of the U.S. G-SIB’s eligible TLAC, the amount of unsecured non-contingent third-party liabilities that are not eligible long-term debt that could rank equally with or junior to eligible long-term debt.

In October 2016, the Basel Committee issued a final standard to implement capital deductions for banking organizations relating to TLAC holdings of other G-SIBs. This standard will inform how the deductions are implemented by national regulators.

The FSB, an international body that sets standards and coordinates the work of national financial authorities and international standard-setting bodies, issued a final TLAC standard requiring certain material subsidiaries of a G-SIB organized outside of the G-SIB’s home country, such as GSI, to maintain amounts of TLAC to facilitate the transfer of losses from operating subsidiaries to the parent company. In December 2016, the FSB issued a consultative document that presents a set of guiding principles on the implementation of the TLAC requirements applicable to material subsidiaries. As an obligation of membership, the FSB’s members, including the U.S., commit to implement international financial standards, including those of the FSB.

The BRRD subjects institutions to MREL, which is generally consistent with the FSB’s TLAC standard. In November 2016, the Bank of England published its policy on setting MREL under which certain U.K. financial institutions will be required to maintain equity and liabilities sufficient to credibly bear losses in resolution. The Bank of England has not yet published its final policy on the calibration of MREL for entities that are parts of groups, such as GSI.

In November 2016, the European Commission proposed amendments to the CRR and BRRD that are designed to implement the FSB’s minimum TLAC requirement for G-SIBs commencing January 1, 2019. The proposal would require subsidiaries of a non-E.U. G-SIB that account for more than 5% of our RWAs, operating income or leverage exposure, such as GSI, to meet 90% of the requirement applicable to E.U. G-SIBs.

In November 2016, the European Commission also proposed an amendment to CRD IV that would require a non-E.U. G-SIB, such as Group Inc., to establish an E.U. intermediate holding company (E.U. IHC) if the firm has two or more of certain types of E.U. financial institution subsidiaries, including broker-dealers and banks, such as GSI and GSIB. This proposal is subject to adoption at the E.U. level and implementing rulemakings by E.U. member states. The European Commission also proposed amendments to the CRR that would require E.U. IHCs to satisfy MREL requirements and certain other prudential requirements.

Insolvency of an Insured Depository Institution or a Bank Holding Company. Under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act of 1950, if the FDIC is appointed as conservator or receiver for an insured depository institution such as GS Bank USA, upon its insolvency or in certain other events, the FDIC has broad powers, including the power:

• To transfer any of the depository institution’s assets and liabilities to a new obligor, including a newly formed “bridge” bank, without the approval of the depository institution’s creditors;

• To enforce the depository institution’s contracts pursuant to their terms without regard to any provisions triggered by the appointment of the FDIC in that capacity; or

• To repudiate or disaffirm any contract or lease to which the depository institution is a party, the performance of which is determined by the FDIC to be burdensome and the disaffirmance or repudiation of which is determined by the FDIC to promote the orderly administration of the depository institution.

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In addition, the claims of holders of domestic deposit liabilities and certain claims for administrative expenses against an insured depository institution would be afforded a priority over other general unsecured claims, including deposits at non-U.S. branches and claims of debtholders of the institution, in the “liquidation or other resolution” of such an institution by any receiver. As a result, whether or not the FDIC ever sought to repudiate any debt obligations of GS Bank USA, the debtholders (other than depositors) would be treated differently from, and could receive, if anything, substantially less than, the depositors of GS Bank USA.

The Dodd-Frank Act created a new resolution regime (known as “orderly liquidation authority (OLA)”) for bank holding companies and their affiliates that are systemically important and certain non-bank financial companies. Under OLA, the FDIC may be appointed as receiver for the systemically important institution and its failed non-bank subsidiaries if, upon the recommendation of applicable regulators, the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury determines, among other things, that the institution is in default or in danger of default, that the institution’s failure would have serious adverse effects on the U.S. financial system and that resolution under OLA would avoid or mitigate those effects.

If the FDIC is appointed as receiver under OLA, then the powers of the receiver, and the rights and obligations of creditors and other parties who have dealt with the institution, would be determined under OLA, and not under the bankruptcy or insolvency law that would otherwise apply. The powers of the receiver under OLA were generally based on the powers of the FDIC as receiver for depository institutions under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act.

Substantial differences in the rights of creditors exist between OLA and the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, including the right of the FDIC under OLA to disregard the strict priority of creditor claims in some circumstances, the use of an administrative claims procedure to determine creditors’ claims (as opposed to the judicial procedure utilized in bankruptcy proceedings), and the right of the FDIC to transfer claims to a “bridge” entity. In addition, OLA limits the ability of creditors to enforce certain contractual cross-defaults against affiliates of the institution in receivership.

The OLA provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act became effective upon enactment. The FDIC has completed several rulemakings and taken other actions under OLA, including the issuance of a notice describing some elements of its “single point of entry” or “SPOE” strategy pursuant to the OLA provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. Under this strategy, the FDIC would, among other things, resolve a failed financial holding company by transferring its assets to a “bridge” holding company.

We, along with a number of other major global banking organizations, adhere to the International Swaps and Derivatives Association Resolution Stay Protocol (the ISDA Protocol) that was developed and updated in coordination with the FSB. The ISDA Protocol imposes a stay on certain cross-default and early termination rights within standard ISDA derivatives contracts and securities financing transactions between adhering parties in the event that one of them is subject to resolution in its home jurisdiction, including a resolution under OLA in the U.S. The ISDA Protocol is expected to be adopted more broadly in the future, following the adoption of regulations by banking regulators (including the Federal Reserve Board’s proposal on QFCs described above), and expanded to include instances where a U.S. financial holding company becomes subject to proceedings under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code.

FDIC Insurance. GS Bank USA accepts deposits, and those deposits have the benefit of FDIC insurance up to the applicable limits. The FDIC’s Deposit Insurance Fund is funded by assessments on insured depository institutions, such as GS Bank USA. The amounts of these assessments for larger depository institutions (generally those that have $10 billion in assets or more), such as GS Bank USA, are currently based on the average total consolidated assets less the average tangible equity of the insured depository institution during the assessment period, the supervisory ratings of the insured depository institution and specified forward-looking financial measures used to calculate the assessment rate. The assessment rate is subject to adjustment by the FDIC.

In March 2016, the FDIC adopted a final rule increasing the reserve ratio for the Deposit Insurance Fund to 1.35% of total insured deposits. The rule imposes a surcharge on the assessments of larger depository institutions, that began in the third quarter of 2016 and continues through the earlier of the quarter that the reserve ratio first reaches or exceeds 1.35% and December 31, 2018. Under the rule, if the reserve ratio does not reach 1.35% by December 31, 2018, the FDIC will impose a shortfall assessment on larger depository institutions, including GS Bank USA.

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Prompt Corrective Action. The U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991 (FDICIA), among other things, requires the federal bank regulatory agencies to take “prompt corrective action” in respect of depository institutions that do not meet specified capital requirements. FDICIA establishes five capital categories for FDIC-insured banks: well-capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized and critically undercapitalized.

An institution may be downgraded to, or deemed to be in, a capital category that is lower than is indicated by its capital ratios if it is determined to be in an unsafe or unsound condition or if it receives an unsatisfactory examination rating with respect to certain matters. FDICIA imposes progressively more restrictive constraints on operations, management and capital distributions, as the capital category of an institution declines. Failure to meet the capital requirements could also require a depository institution to raise capital. Ultimately, critically undercapitalized institutions are subject to the appointment of a receiver or conservator, as described under “Insolvency of an Insured Depository Institution or a Bank Holding Company” above.

The prompt corrective action regulations apply only to depository institutions and not to bank holding companies such as Group Inc. However, the Federal Reserve Board is authorized to take appropriate action at the holding company level, based upon the undercapitalized status of the holding company’s depository institution subsidiaries. In certain instances relating to an undercapitalized depository institution subsidiary, the bank holding company would be required to guarantee the performance of the undercapitalized subsidiary’s capital restoration plan and might be liable for civil money damages for failure to fulfill its commitments on that guarantee. Furthermore, in the event of the bankruptcy of the holding company, the guarantee would take priority over the holding company’s general unsecured creditors, as described under “Source of Strength” above.

Activities. The Dodd-Frank Act and the BHC Act generally restrict bank holding companies from engaging in business activities other than the business of banking and certain closely related activities.

Volcker Rule. The provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act referred to as the “Volcker Rule” became effective in July 2015. The Volcker Rule prohibits “proprietary trading,” but permits activities such as underwriting, market making and risk-mitigation hedging, requires an extensive compliance program and includes additional reporting and record-keeping requirements. The reporting requirements include calculating daily quantitative metrics on covered trading activities (as defined in the rule) and providing these metrics to regulators on a monthly basis.

In addition, the Volcker Rule limits the sponsorship of, and investment in, “covered funds” (as defined in the rule) by banking entities, including Group Inc. and its subsidiaries. It also limits certain types of transactions between us and our sponsored funds, similar to the limitations on transactions between depository institutions and their affiliates. Covered funds include our private equity funds, certain of our credit and real estate funds, our hedge funds and certain other investment structures. The limitation on investments in covered funds requires us to reduce our investment in each such fund to 3% or less of the fund’s net asset value, and to reduce our aggregate investment in all such funds to 3% or less of our Tier 1 capital.

In July 2016, the Federal Reserve Board extended the conformance period through July 2017 for investments in, and relationships with, covered funds that were in place prior to December 31, 2013. In December 2016, the Federal Reserve Board released guidance regarding the extended conformance period available for legacy “illiquid funds” (as defined in the Volcker Rule) and the process for banking entities to request an extension of the conformance period for those funds of up to an additional five years beyond the expiration of the general conformance period in July 2017. See “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K and Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K for information about our investments in covered funds.

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Other Restrictions. Financial holding companies generally can engage in a broader range of financial and related activities than are otherwise permissible for bank holding companies as long as they continue to meet the eligibility requirements for financial holding companies. The broader range of permissible activities for financial holding companies includes underwriting, dealing and making markets in securities and making investments in non-financial companies (merchant banking activities). In addition, certain financial holding companies are permitted under the GLB Act to engage in certain commodities activities in the U.S. that may otherwise be impermissible for bank holding companies, so long as the assets held pursuant to these activities do not equal 5% or more of their consolidated assets.

The Federal Reserve Board, however, has the authority to limit a financial holding company’s ability to conduct activities that would otherwise be permissible, and will likely do so if the financial holding company does not satisfactorily meet certain requirements of the Federal Reserve Board. For example, if a financial holding company or any of its U.S. depository institution subsidiaries ceases to maintain its status as well-capitalized or well-managed, the Federal Reserve Board may impose corrective capital and/or managerial requirements, as well as additional limitations or conditions. If the deficiencies persist, the financial holding company may be required to divest its U.S. depository institution subsidiaries or to cease engaging in activities other than the business of banking and certain closely related activities.

If any insured depository institution subsidiary of a financial holding company fails to maintain at least a “satisfactory” rating under the Community Reinvestment Act, the financial holding company would be subject to similar restrictions on activities.

In addition, we are required to obtain prior Federal Reserve Board approval before engaging in certain banking and other financial activities both within and outside the U.S.

In September 2016, the Federal Reserve Board issued a proposed rule which, if adopted, would impose new requirements on the physical commodity activities and certain merchant banking activities of financial holding companies. The proposed rule would, among other things, (i) require companies to hold additional capital in connection with covered physical commodity activities, including merchant banking investments in companies engaged in physical commodity activities; (ii) tighten the quantitative limits on permissible physical trading activity; and (iii) establish new public reporting requirements on the nature and extent of firms’ physical commodity holdings and activities. In addition, in a September 2016 report, the Federal Reserve Board recommended that Congress repeal (i) the authority of financial holding companies to engage in merchant banking activities; and (ii) the authority described above for certain financial holding companies to engage in certain otherwise permissible commodities activities.

In March 2016, the Federal Reserve Board issued a revised proposal regarding single counterparty credit limits, which would impose more stringent requirements for credit exposures among major financial institutions. Such limits (together with other provisions incorporated into the Basel III capital rules) may affect our ability to transact or hedge with other financial institutions. In addition, the Federal Reserve Board has proposed early remediation requirements, which are modeled on the prompt corrective action regime, described under “Prompt Corrective Action” above, but are designed to require action to begin in earlier stages of a company’s financial distress, based on a range of triggers, including capital and leverage, stress test results, liquidity and risk management.

In addition, New York State banking law imposes lending limits (which take into account credit exposure from derivative transactions) and other requirements that could impact the manner and scope of GS Bank USA’s activities.

The U.S. federal bank regulatory agencies have issued guidance that focuses on transaction structures and risk management frameworks and that outlines high-level principles for safe-and-sound leveraged lending, including underwriting standards, valuation and stress testing. This guidance has, among other things, limited the percentage amount of debt that can be included in certain transactions.

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Broker-Dealer and Securities Regulation

Our broker-dealer subsidiaries are subject to regulations that cover all aspects of the securities business, including sales methods, trade practices, use and safekeeping of clients’ funds and securities, capital structure, record-keeping, the financing of clients’ purchases, and the conduct of directors, officers and employees. In the U.S., the SEC is the federal agency responsible for the administration of the federal securities laws. GS&Co. is registered as a broker-dealer, a municipal advisor and an investment adviser with the SEC and as a broker-dealer in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. U.S. self-regulatory organizations, such as FINRA and the NYSE, adopt rules that apply to, and examine, broker-dealers such as GS&Co.

In addition, U.S. state securities and other U.S. regulators also have regulatory or oversight authority over GS&Co. Similarly, our businesses are also subject to regulation by various non-U.S. governmental and regulatory bodies and self-regulatory authorities in virtually all countries where we have offices, as described further below, as well as under “Other Regulation.” For a description of net capital requirements applicable to GS&Co., see Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

In Europe, we provide broker-dealer services that are subject to oversight by national regulators. These services are regulated in accordance with national laws, many of which implement E.U. directives, and, increasingly, by directly applicable E.U. regulations. These national and E.U. laws require, among other things, compliance with certain capital adequacy standards, customer protection requirements and market conduct and trade reporting rules.

Goldman Sachs Japan Co., Ltd. (GSJCL), our regulated Japanese broker-dealer, is subject to capital requirements imposed by Japan’s Financial Services Agency. GSJCL is also regulated by the Tokyo Stock Exchange, the Osaka Exchange, the Tokyo Financial Exchange, the Japan Securities Dealers Association, the Tokyo Commodity Exchange, Securities and Exchange Surveillance Commission, Bank of Japan, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, among others.

Also, the Securities and Futures Commission in Hong Kong, the Monetary Authority of Singapore, the China Securities Regulatory Commission, the Korean Financial Supervisory Service, the Reserve Bank of India, the Securities and Exchange Board of India, the Australian Securities and Investments Commission and the Australian Securities Exchange, among others, regulate various of our subsidiaries and also have capital standards and other requirements comparable to the rules of the SEC. Various of our other subsidiaries are regulated by the banking and regulatory authorities in jurisdictions in which we operate, including, among others, Brazil and Dubai.

Our exchange-based market-making activities are subject to extensive regulation by a number of securities exchanges. As a market maker on exchanges, we are required to maintain orderly markets in the securities to which we are assigned.

The Dodd-Frank Act will result in additional regulation by the SEC, the CFTC and other regulators of our broker-dealer and regulated subsidiaries in a number of respects. The law calls for the imposition of expanded standards of care by market participants in dealing with clients and customers, including by providing the SEC with authority to adopt rules establishing fiduciary duties for broker-dealers and directing the SEC to examine and improve sales practices and disclosure by broker-dealers and investment advisers.

In addition, in April 2016, the U.S. Department of Labor issued final rules expanding the circumstances in which a person would be treated as a fiduciary under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) by reason of providing investment advice to retirement plans and individual retirement accounts, as well as final exemptions. These rules and exemptions are scheduled to become effective on April 10, 2017. On February 3, 2017, the President of the U.S. directed the Secretary of Labor to prepare an updated analysis of the likely impact of the rules and to consider whether to propose to rescind or revise the rules.

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Our U.S. broker-dealer and other U.S. subsidiaries are also subject to rules adopted by U.S. federal agencies pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act that require any person who organizes or initiates an asset-backed security transaction to retain a portion (generally, at least five percent) of any credit risk that the person conveys to a third party. Securitizations would also be affected by rules proposed by the SEC to implement the Dodd-Frank Act’s prohibition against securitization participants engaging in any transaction that would involve or result in any material conflict of interest with an investor in a securitization transaction. The proposed rules would exempt bona fide market-making activities and risk-mitigating hedging activities in connection with securitization activities from the general prohibition.

The SEC, FINRA and regulators in various non-U.S. jurisdictions have imposed both conduct-based and disclosure-based requirements with respect to research reports and research analysts and may impose additional regulations.

Swaps, Derivatives and Commodities Regulation

The commodity futures, commodity options and swaps industry in the U.S. is subject to regulation under the U.S. Commodity Exchange Act (CEA). The CFTC is the U.S. federal agency charged with the administration of the CEA. In addition, the SEC is the U.S. federal agency charged with the regulation of security-based swaps. GS&Co. is registered with the CFTC as a futures commission merchant, and several of our subsidiaries, including GS&Co., are registered with the CFTC and act as commodity pool operators, commodity trading advisors and/or swap dealers, and are subject to CFTC regulations. The rules and regulations of various self-regulatory organizations, such as the Chicago Board of Trade and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, other futures exchanges and the National Futures Association, also govern the commodity futures, commodity options and swaps activities of these entities. In addition, Goldman Sachs Financial Markets, L.P. is registered with the SEC as an OTC derivatives dealer and conducts certain OTC derivatives activities.

The Dodd-Frank Act provides for significantly increased regulation of, and restrictions on, derivative markets and transactions. In particular, the Dodd-Frank Act imposes the following requirements relating to swaps and security-based swaps:

• Real-time public and regulatory reporting of trade information for swaps and security-based swaps and large trader reporting for swaps;

• Registration of swap dealers and major swap participants with the CFTC and of security-based swap dealers and major security-based swap participants with the SEC;

• Position limits, aggregated generally across commonly controlled accounts and commonly controlled affiliates, that cap exposure to derivatives on certain physical commodities;

• Mandated clearing through central counterparties and execution through regulated exchanges or electronic facilities for certain swaps and security-based swaps;

• New business conduct standards and other requirements for swap dealers, major swap participants, security-based swap dealers and major security-based swap participants, covering their relationships with counterparties, internal oversight and compliance structures, conflict of interest rules, internal information barriers, general and trade-specific record-keeping and risk management;

• Margin requirements for trades that are not cleared through a central counterparty; and

• Entity-level capital requirements for swap dealers, major swap participants, security-based swap dealers, and major security-based swap participants.

The terms “swaps” and “security-based swaps” are generally defined broadly for purposes of these requirements, and can include a wide variety of derivative instruments in addition to those conventionally called swaps. The definition includes certain forward contracts, options, certain loan participations and guarantees of swaps, subject to certain exceptions, and relates to a wide variety of underlying assets or obligations, including currencies, commodities, interest or other monetary rates, yields, indices, securities, credit events, loans and other financial obligations.

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In general, the CFTC is responsible for issuing rules relating to swaps, swap dealers and major swap participants, and the SEC is responsible for issuing rules relating to security-based swaps, security-based swap dealers and major security-based swap participants. The U.S. federal bank regulatory agencies (acting jointly) are responsible for issuing margin rules for uncleared swaps and security-based swaps for swap dealers, security-based swap dealers, major swap participants and major security-based swap participants subject to their oversight. In September 2016, the final margin rules issued by the U.S. federal bank regulatory agencies and the CFTC for uncleared swaps became effective. These rules will phase in through March 2017 for variation margin requirements and through September 2020 for initial margin requirements depending on the level of swaps, security-based swaps and/or exempt foreign exchange derivative transaction activity of the swap dealer and the relevant counterparty. The final rules of the U.S. federal bank regulatory agencies generally apply to inter-affiliate transactions, with limited relief available from initial margin requirements for affiliates. Under the CFTC final rules, inter-affiliate transactions are exempt from initial margin requirements with certain exceptions but variation margin requirements still apply.

In December 2016, the CFTC proposed revised capital regulations for swap dealers and major swap participants that are not subject to the capital rules of a prudential regulator, such as the Federal Reserve Board, as well as a liquidity requirement for those swap dealers. However, many other requirements, including registration of swap dealers, mandatory clearing and execution of certain swaps, business conduct standards and real-time public trade reporting, have taken effect already under CFTC rules, and the SEC and the CFTC have finalized the definitions of a number of key terms. Finally, the CFTC has begun to decide which swaps must be cleared through central counterparties and executed on swap execution facilities or exchanges. In particular, certain interest rate swaps and credit default swaps are now subject to these clearing and trade-execution requirements. The CFTC is expected to continue to make such determinations during 2017.

The SEC has adopted rules relating to trade reporting and real-time reporting requirements for security-based swap dealers and major security-based swap participants. The SEC has also adopted final rules relating to the registration of, and application of business conduct standards to, security-based swap dealers and major security-based swap participants, but compliance with such rules is not currently required. The SEC has proposed, but not yet finalized, rules to impose margin, capital and segregation requirements for security-based swap dealers and major security-based swap participants. The SEC has also proposed rules that would govern the design of new trading venues for security-based swaps and establish the process for determining which products must be traded on these venues.

We have registered certain subsidiaries as “swap dealers” under the CFTC rules, including GS&Co., GS Bank USA, GSI and J. Aron & Company. We also expect to register certain subsidiaries as security-based swap dealers.

Similar regulations have been proposed or adopted in jurisdictions outside the U.S., including the adoption of standardized execution and clearing, margining and reporting requirements for OTC derivatives. For instance, the E.U. has established regulatory requirements for OTC derivatives activities under the European Market Infrastructure Regulation, including requirements relating to portfolio reconciliation and reporting, clearing certain OTC derivatives and margining for uncleared derivatives.

The CFTC and SEC have issued guidance and rules relating to swap activities. The CFTC has provided guidance and timing on the cross-border regulation of swaps and announced that it had reached an understanding with the European Commission regarding the cross-border regulation of derivatives and the common goals underlying their respective regulations. The CFTC also approved certain comparability determinations that would permit substituted compliance with non-U.S. regulatory regimes for certain swap regulations related to certain business conduct requirements, including chief compliance officer duties, conflict of interest rules, monitoring of position limits, record-keeping and risk management.

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

The SEC issued rules and guidance on cross-border security-based swap activities and the CFTC issued rules that determine the circumstances under which registered swap dealers are subject to the CFTC’s rules regarding margin in connection with uncleared swaps in cross-border transactions. In particular, certain non-U.S. swap dealers are generally required to comply with the CFTC’s rules but, with respect to the requirement to post margin, these non-U.S. swap dealers are permitted to comply with comparable margin requirements in a foreign jurisdiction, subject to the CFTC’s approval of the particular jurisdiction. Substituted compliance is also available with respect to the collection of margin in certain circumstances. The CFTC’s rules are only applicable to those swap dealers that are not subject to the margin requirements of a prudential regulator.

In October 2016, the CFTC proposed rules addressing the extent to which swap dealers and major swap participants would be required to comply with the CFTC’s business conduct standards in cross-border transactions. The proposal also would determine the circumstances under which U.S. and non-U.S. persons would be required to include their cross-border swap dealing transactions or swap positions in their calculations of the level of activity subject to CFTC jurisdiction for purposes of determining whether they are required to register as either a swap dealer or major swap participant.

The application of new derivatives rules across different national and regulatory jurisdictions has not yet been fully established and specific determinations of the extent to which regulators in each of the relevant jurisdictions will defer to regulations in other jurisdictions have not yet been completed. The full impact of the various U.S. and non-U.S. regulatory developments in this area will not be known with certainty until all the rules are finalized and implemented and market practices and structures develop under the final rules.

J. Aron & Company is authorized by the U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) to sell wholesale physical power at market-based rates. As a FERC-authorized power marketer, J. Aron & Company is subject to regulation under the U.S. Federal Power Act and FERC regulations and to the oversight of FERC. As a result of our investing activities, Group Inc. is also an “exempt holding company” under the U.S. Public Utility Holding Company Act of 2005 and applicable FERC rules.

In addition, as a result of our power-related and commodities activities, we are subject to energy, environmental and other governmental laws and regulations, as described under “Risk Factors — Our commodities activities, particularly our physical commodities activities, subject us to extensive regulation and involve certain potential risks, including environmental, reputational and other risks that may expose us to significant liabilities and costs” in Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K.

Investment Management Regulation

Our investment management business is subject to significant regulation in numerous jurisdictions around the world relating to, among other things, the safeguarding of client assets, offerings of funds, marketing activities, transactions among affiliates and our management of client funds.

Certain of our subsidiaries are registered with, and subject to oversight by, the SEC as investment advisers. The SEC has adopted amendments to the rules that govern SEC-registered money market mutual funds. The amended rules require institutional prime money market funds to value their portfolio securities using market-based factors and to sell and redeem their shares based on a floating net asset value. In addition, the rules allow, in certain circumstances, for the board of directors of money market mutual funds to impose liquidity fees and redemption gates and also require additional disclosure, reporting and stress testing.

In October 2016, the SEC also adopted rules relating to liquidity risk management that, among others, require registered open-end funds to adopt and implement liquidity risk management programs, establish a minimum percentage of their net assets that will be invested in highly liquid investments and adopt policies and procedures to address shortfalls in meeting that minimum (applicable only to funds that do not primarily hold assets that are highly liquid), and classify and review the liquidity of their portfolio assets. The rules also permit funds to employ “swing pricing,” under which the net asset value of a fund’s shares may be adjusted in order to pass the cost of trading in such shares to purchasing or redeeming shareholders. In addition, the rules require funds to make disclosures relating to their liquidity risk management program and swing pricing policies.

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In December 2015, the SEC also proposed a rule regulating the use of derivatives by registered funds. Under the proposed rule, a registered fund would be required to, among other things, comply with one of two alternative portfolio limitations designed to impose a limit on the total amount of leverage the fund can obtain through derivatives transactions; maintain a minimum amount of “qualifying coverage assets” (generally limited to cash and cash equivalents) to support payment obligations for each derivative transaction; establish a derivatives risk management program if derivative use meets specified thresholds; and comply with new record-keeping, disclosure and reporting requirements related to its use of derivatives.

Certain of our European subsidiaries are subject to the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive and related regulations, which govern the approval, organizational, marketing and reporting requirements of E.U.-based alternative investment managers and the ability of alternative investment fund managers located outside the E.U. to access the E.U. market.

The E.U. legislative institutions have reached provisional agreement on an E.U. regulation relating to money market funds, including provisions prescribing minimum levels of daily and weekly liquidity, clear labeling of money market funds and internal credit risk assessments. This E.U. regulation is currently expected to be published in the second quarter of 2017 and is expected to apply from early 2018 (subject to transitional provisions).

Compensation Practices

Our compensation practices are subject to oversight by the Federal Reserve Board and, with respect to some of our subsidiaries and employees, by other financial regulatory bodies worldwide. The scope and content of compensation regulation in the financial industry are continuing to develop, and we expect that these regulations and resulting market practices will evolve over a number of years.

The U.S. federal bank regulatory agencies have provided guidance designed to ensure that incentive compensation arrangements at banking organizations take into account risk and are consistent with safe and sound practices. The guidance sets forth the following three key principles with respect to incentive compensation arrangements: (i) the arrangements should provide employees with incentives that appropriately balance risk and financial results in a manner that does not encourage employees to expose their organizations to imprudent risk; (ii) the arrangements should be compatible with effective controls and risk management; and (iii) the arrangements should be supported by strong corporate governance. The guidance provides that supervisory findings with respect to incentive compensation will be incorporated, as appropriate, into the organization’s supervisory ratings, which can affect its ability to make acquisitions or perform other actions. The guidance also provides that enforcement actions may be taken against a banking organization if its incentive compensation arrangements or related risk management, control or governance processes pose a risk to the organization’s safety and soundness.

The FSB has released standards for local regulators to implement certain compensation principles for banks and other financial companies designed to encourage sound compensation practices. In the E.U., the CRR and CRD IV include compensation provisions designed to implement the FSB’s compensation standards. These rules have been implemented by E.U. member states and, among other things, limit the ratio of variable to fixed compensation of certain employees, including those identified as having a material impact on the risk profile of E.U.-regulated entities, including GSI.

The E.U. has also introduced rules regulating compensation for certain persons providing services to certain investment funds. These requirements are in addition to the guidance issued by U.S. financial regulators described above and the Dodd-Frank Act provision described below.

During the second quarter of 2016, the U.S. financial regulators, including the Federal Reserve Board and the SEC, proposed revised rules on incentive-based payment arrangements at specified regulated entities having at least $1 billion in total assets (including Group Inc. and some of its depository institution, broker-dealer and investment adviser subsidiaries).

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The proposed revised rules would establish general qualitative requirements applicable to all covered entities, additional specific requirements for entities with total consolidated assets of at least $50 billion and further, more stringent requirements for those with total consolidated assets of at least $250 billion. The general qualitative requirements include (i) prohibiting incentive arrangements that encourage inappropriate risks by providing excessive compensation; (ii) prohibiting incentive arrangements that encourage inappropriate risks that could lead to a material financial loss; (iii) establishing requirements for performance measures to appropriately balance risk and reward; (iv) requiring board of director oversight of incentive arrangements; and (v) mandating appropriate record-keeping.

For larger financial institutions, the proposed revised rules would also introduce additional requirements applicable only to “senior executive officers” and “significant risk-takers” (as defined in the proposed rules), including (i) limits on performance measures and leverage relating to performance targets; (ii) minimum deferral periods; and (iii) subjecting incentive compensation to possible downward adjustment, forfeiture and clawback.

In October 2016, the NYDFS issued guidance emphasizing that its regulated banking institutions, including GS Bank USA, must ensure that any incentive compensation arrangements tied to employee performance indicators are subject to effective risk management, oversight and control.

Anti-Money Laundering and Anti-Bribery Rules and Regulations

The U.S. Bank Secrecy Act (BSA), as amended by the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 (PATRIOT Act), contains anti-money laundering and financial transparency laws and mandated the implementation of various regulations applicable to all financial institutions, including standards for verifying client identification at account opening, and obligations to monitor client transactions and report suspicious activities. Through these and other provisions, the BSA and the PATRIOT Act seek to promote the identification of parties that may be involved in terrorism, money laundering or other suspicious activities. Anti-money laundering laws outside the U.S. contain some similar provisions.

In addition, we are subject to laws and regulations worldwide, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the U.K. Bribery Act, relating to corrupt and illegal payments to, and hiring practices with regard to, government officials and others. The scope of the types of payments or other benefits covered by these laws is very broad and regulators are frequently using enforcement proceedings to define the scope of these laws. The obligation of financial institutions, including Goldman Sachs, to identify their clients, to monitor for and report suspicious transactions, to monitor direct and indirect payments to government officials, to respond to requests for information by regulatory authorities and law enforcement agencies, and to share information with other financial institutions, has required the implementation and maintenance of internal practices, procedures and controls.

Privacy and Cyber Security Regulation

Certain of our businesses are subject to laws and regulations enacted by U.S. federal and state governments, the E.U. or other non-U.S. jurisdictions and/or enacted by various regulatory organizations or exchanges relating to the privacy of the information of clients, employees or others, including the GLB Act, the E.U. Data Protection Directive, the Japanese Personal Information Protection Act, the Hong Kong Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance, the Australian Privacy Act and the Brazilian Bank Secrecy Law.

In February 2017, the NYDFS adopted regulations that will, beginning March 1, 2017, require financial institutions regulated by the NYDFS, including GS Bank USA, to, among other things, (i) establish and maintain a cyber security program designed to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of their information systems; (ii) implement and maintain a written cyber security policy setting forth policies and procedures for the protection of their information systems and nonpublic information; and (iii) designate a Chief Information Security Officer. In addition, in October 2016, the U.S. federal bank regulatory agencies issued an advance notice of proposed rulemaking on potential enhanced cyber risk management standards for large financial institutions.

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Other Regulation

U.S. and non-U.S. government agencies, regulatory bodies and self-regulatory organizations, as well as state securities commissions and other state regulators in the U.S., are empowered to conduct administrative proceedings that can result in censure, fine, the issuance of cease-and-desist orders, or the suspension or expulsion of a regulated entity or its directors, officers or employees. In addition, a number of our other activities require us to obtain licenses, adhere to applicable regulations and be subject to the oversight of various regulators in the jurisdictions in which we conduct these activities.

The E.U. is finalizing implementing measures under the Markets in Financial Instruments Regulation and under a revision of the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (collectively, MiFID II). MiFID II will become effective on January 3, 2018. Although the implementing rules and technical standards were largely finalized by the European Commission and the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) in the second half of 2016, significant legal uncertainty still remains in terms of commodities position limits and several market structure rules. In addition, legal uncertainty will remain until member states finalize their rules transposing MiFID II into their law, which they are required to do by July 2017.

MiFID II includes extensive market structure reforms, such as the establishment of new trading venue categories for the purposes of discharging the obligation to trade OTC derivatives on a trading platform and enhanced pre- and post-trade transparency covering a wider range of financial instruments. In equities, MiFID II introduces volume caps on non-transparent liquidity trading for trading venues, limits the use of broker-dealer crossing networks and creates a new regime for systematic internalizers, which execute client transactions outside a trading venue.

Additional controls will be introduced for algorithmic trading, high frequency trading and direct electronic access. Commodities trading firms will be required to calculate their positions and adhere to specific limits. Other reforms introduce enhanced transaction reporting, the publication of best execution data by investment firms and trading venues, transparency on costs and charges of service to investors, changes to the way investment managers can pay for the receipt of investment research and mandatory unbundling for broker-dealers between execution and other major services.

The E.U. and national financial legislators and regulators in the E.U. have proposed or adopted numerous further market reforms that may impact our businesses, including heightened corporate governance standards for financial institutions, rules on key information documents for packaged retail and insurance-based investment products and rules on indices that are used as benchmarks for financial instruments or funds. In addition, the European Commission, ESMA and the European Banking Authority have announced or are formulating regulatory standards and other measures which will impact our European operations. Certain of our European subsidiaries are also regulated by the securities, derivatives and commodities exchanges of which they are members.

The European Commission has published a proposal for a common system of financial transactions tax which would be implemented in certain E.U. member states willing to engage in enhanced cooperation in this area. The proposed financial transactions tax is broad in scope and would apply to transactions in a wide variety of financial instruments and derivatives. The European Commission has also published a draft proposal for structural reform of E.U. banks, which would prohibit certain banks from proprietary trading and would require separating certain trading activities from deposit-taking entities.

As described above, many of our subsidiaries are subject to regulatory capital requirements in jurisdictions throughout the world. Subsidiaries not subject to separate regulation may hold capital to satisfy local tax guidelines, rating agency requirements or internal policies, including policies concerning the minimum amount of capital a subsidiary should hold based upon its underlying risk.

Available Information

Our internet address is www.gs.com and the investor relations section of our website is located at www.gs.com/shareholders. We make available free of charge through the investor relations section of our website, annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act), as well as proxy statements, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC.

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Also posted on our website, and available in print upon request of any shareholder to our Investor Relations Department, are our certificate of incorporation and by-laws, charters for our Audit Committee, Risk Committee, Compensation Committee, Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee, and Public Responsibilities Committee, our Policy Regarding Director Independence Determinations, our Policy on Reporting of Concerns Regarding Accounting and Other Matters, our Corporate Governance Guidelines and our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics governing our directors, officers and employees. Within the time period required by the SEC, we will post on our website any amendment to the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and any waiver applicable to any executive officer, director or senior financial officer. In addition, our website includes information concerning:

• Purchases and sales of our equity securities by our executive officers and directors;

• Disclosure relating to certain non-GAAP financial measures (as defined in the SEC’s Regulation G) that we may make public orally, telephonically, by webcast, by broadcast or by other means from time to time;

• Dodd-Frank Act stress test results;

• The public portion of our resolution plan submission; and

• Our risk management practices and regulatory capital ratios, as required under the disclosure-related provisions of the Revised Capital Framework, which are based on the third pillar of Basel III.

Our Investor Relations Department can be contacted at The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., 200 West Street, 29th Floor, New York, New York 10282, Attn: Investor Relations, telephone: 212-902-0300, e-mail: gs-investor-relations@gs.com.

From time to time, we use our website, our Twitter account (twitter.com/GoldmanSachs) and other social media channels as additional means of disclosing public information to investors, the media and others interested in Goldman Sachs. It is possible that certain information we post on our website and on social media could be deemed to be material information, and we encourage investors, the media and others interested in Goldman Sachs to review the business and financial information we post on our website and on the social media channels identified above. The information on our website and our social media channels is not incorporated by reference into this Form 10-K.

Cautionary Statement Pursuant to the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995

We have included or incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K, and from time to time our management may make, statements that may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are not historical facts, but instead represent only our beliefs regarding future events, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and outside our control. These statements include statements other than historical information or statements of current condition and may relate to our future plans and objectives and results, among other things, and may also include statements about the effect of changes to the capital, leverage, liquidity, long-term debt and total loss-absorbing capacity rules applicable to banks and bank holding companies, the impact of the Dodd-Frank Act on our businesses and operations, and various legal proceedings, governmental investigations or mortgage-related contingencies as set forth in Notes 27 and 18, respectively, to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K, as well as statements about the results of our Dodd-Frank Act and firm stress tests, statements about the objectives and effectiveness of our business continuity plan, information security program, risk management and liquidity policies, statements about our resolution plan and resolution strategy and their implications for our debtholders and other stakeholders, statements about trends in or growth opportunities for our businesses, statements about our future status, activities or reporting under U.S. or non-U.S. banking and financial regulation and statements about our investment banking transaction backlog.

By identifying these statements for you in this manner, we are alerting you to the possibility that our actual results and financial condition may differ, possibly materially, from the anticipated results and financial condition indicated in these forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ from those indicated in the forward-looking statements include, among others, those described below and in “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K.

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Statements about our investment banking transaction backlog are subject to the risk that the terms of these transactions may be modified or that they may not be completed at all; therefore, the net revenues, if any, that we actually earn from these transactions may differ, possibly materially, from those currently expected. Important factors that could result in a modification of the terms of a transaction or a transaction not being completed include, in the case of underwriting transactions, a decline or continued weakness in general economic conditions, outbreak of hostilities, volatility in the securities markets generally or an adverse development with respect to the issuer of the securities and, in the case of financial advisory transactions, a decline in the securities markets, an inability to obtain adequate financing, an adverse development with respect to a party to the transaction or a failure to obtain a required regulatory approval. For information about other important factors that could adversely affect our investment banking transactions, see “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K.

We have provided in this filing information regarding the firm’s capital, liquidity and leverage ratios, including the CET1 ratios under the Advanced and Standardized approaches on a fully phased-in basis, as well as the LCR and the NSFR for the firm and the supplementary leverage ratios for the firm and GS Bank USA. The statements with respect to these ratios are forward-looking statements, based on our current interpretation, expectations and understandings of the relevant regulatory rules, guidance and proposals, and reflect significant assumptions concerning the treatment of various assets and liabilities and the manner in which the ratios are calculated. As a result, the methods used to calculate these ratios may differ, possibly materially, from those used in calculating the firm’s capital, liquidity and leverage ratios for any future disclosures. The ultimate methods of calculating the ratios will depend on, among other things, implementation guidance or further rulemaking from the U.S. federal bank regulatory agencies and the development of market practices and standards.

Item 1A.    Risk Factors

We face a variety of risks that are substantial and inherent in our businesses, including market, liquidity, credit, operational, legal, regulatory and reputational risks. The following are some of the more important factors that could affect our businesses.

Our businesses have been and may continue to be adversely affected by conditions in the global financial markets and economic conditions generally.

Our businesses, by their nature, do not produce predictable earnings, and all of our businesses are materially affected by conditions in the global financial markets and economic conditions generally, both directly and through their impact on client activity levels. These conditions can change suddenly and negatively.

Our financial performance is highly dependent on the environment in which our businesses operate. A favorable business environment is generally characterized by, among other factors, high global gross domestic product growth, regulatory and market conditions which result in transparent, liquid and efficient capital markets, low inflation, high business and investor confidence, stable geopolitical conditions, clear regulations and strong business earnings. Unfavorable or uncertain economic and market conditions can be caused by: concerns about sovereign defaults; uncertainty in U.S. federal fiscal or monetary policy, the U.S. federal debt ceiling and the continued funding of the U.S. government; the extent of and uncertainty about the timing and nature of regulatory reforms; declines in economic growth, business activity or investor or business confidence; limitations on the availability or increases in the cost of credit and capital; illiquid markets; increases in inflation, interest rates, exchange rate or basic commodity price volatility or default rates; outbreaks of hostilities or other geopolitical instability or uncertainty, such as Brexit; corporate, political or other scandals that reduce investor confidence in capital markets; extreme weather events or other natural disasters or pandemics; or a combination of these or other factors.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 25

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

The financial services industry and the securities markets have been materially and adversely affected in the past by significant declines in the values of nearly all asset classes and by a serious lack of liquidity. In addition, concerns about European sovereign debt risk and its impact on the European banking system, about the impact of Brexit, and about changes in interest rates and other market conditions or actual changes in interest rates and other market conditions, including market conditions in China, have resulted, at times, in significant volatility while negatively impacting the levels of client activity.

General uncertainty about economic, political and market activities, and the scope, timing and final implementation of regulatory reform, as well as weak consumer, investor and CEO confidence resulting in large part from such uncertainty, continues to negatively impact client activity, which adversely affects many of our businesses. Periods of low volatility and periods of high volatility combined with a lack of liquidity, have at times had an unfavorable impact on our market-making businesses.

Our revenues and profitability and those of our competitors have been and will continue to be impacted by requirements relating to capital, additional loss-absorbing capacity, leverage, minimum liquidity and long-term funding levels, requirements related to resolution and recovery planning, derivatives clearing and margin rules and levels of regulatory oversight, as well as limitations on which and, if permitted, how certain business activities may be carried out by financial institutions. Although interest rates are at or near historically low levels, financial institution returns have also been negatively impacted by increased funding costs due in part to the withdrawal of perceived government support of such institutions in the event of future financial crises. In addition, liquidity in the financial markets has also been negatively impacted as market participants and market practices and structures adjust to new regulations.

The degree to which these and other changes resulting from the financial crisis will have a long-term impact on the profitability of financial institutions will depend on the final interpretation and implementation of new regulations, the manner in which markets, market participants and financial institutions adapt to the new landscape, and the prevailing economic and financial market conditions. However, there is a significant risk that such changes will, at least in the near term, continue to negatively impact the absolute level of revenues, profitability and return on equity at our firm and at other financial institutions.

Our businesses and those of our clients are subject to extensive and pervasive regulation around the world.

As a participant in the financial services industry and a systemically important financial institution, we are subject to extensive regulation in jurisdictions around the world. We face the risk of significant intervention by regulatory and taxing authorities in all jurisdictions in which we conduct our businesses. In many cases, our activities may be subject to overlapping and divergent regulation in different jurisdictions. Among other things, as a result of regulators or private parties challenging our compliance with existing laws and regulations, we could be fined, prohibited from engaging in some of our business activities, subject to limitations or conditions on our business activities, including higher capital requirements, or subjected to new or substantially higher taxes or other governmental charges in connection with the conduct of our businesses or with respect to our employees. Such limitations or conditions may limit our business activities and negatively impact our profitability.

Separate and apart from the impact on the scope and profitability of our business activities, day-to-day compliance with existing laws and regulations, in particular those laws and regulations adopted since 2008, has involved and will, except to the extent that some of such regulations are eventually modified or otherwise repealed, continue to involve significant amounts of time, including that of our senior leaders and that of an increasing number of dedicated compliance and other reporting and operational personnel, all of which may negatively impact our profitability.

If there are new laws or regulations or changes in the enforcement of existing laws or regulations applicable to our businesses or those of our clients, including capital, liquidity, leverage, long-term debt, total loss-absorbing capacity and margin requirements, restrictions on leveraged lending or other business practices, reporting requirements, requirements relating to recovery and resolution planning, tax burdens and compensation restrictions, that are imposed on a limited subset of financial institutions (either based on size, activities, geography or other criteria), compliance with these new laws or regulations, or changes in the enforcement of existing laws or regulations, could adversely affect our ability to compete effectively with other institutions that are not affected in the same way. In addition, regulation imposed on financial institutions or market participants generally, such as taxes on financial transactions, could adversely impact levels of market activity more broadly, and thus impact our businesses.

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These developments could impact our profitability in the affected jurisdictions, or even make it uneconomic for us to continue to conduct all or certain of our businesses in such jurisdictions, or could cause us to incur significant costs associated with changing our business practices, restructuring our businesses, moving all or certain of our businesses and our employees to other locations or complying with applicable capital requirements, including liquidating assets or raising capital in a manner that adversely increases our funding costs or otherwise adversely affects our shareholders and creditors.

U.S. and non-U.S. regulatory developments, in particular the Dodd-Frank Act and Basel III, have significantly altered the regulatory framework within which we operate and may adversely affect our competitive position and profitability.

Among the aspects of the Dodd-Frank Act that have affected or may in the future affect our businesses are: increased capital, liquidity and reporting requirements; limitations on activities in which we may engage; increased regulation of and restrictions on OTC derivatives markets and transactions; limitations on incentive compensation; limitations on affiliate transactions; requirements to reorganize or limit activities in connection with recovery and resolution planning; increased deposit insurance assessments; and increased standards of care for broker-dealers and investment advisers in dealing with clients. The implementation of higher capital requirements, the LCR, the NSFR, requirements relating to long-term debt and total loss-absorbing capacity and the prohibition on proprietary trading and the sponsorship of, or investment in, covered funds by the Volcker Rule may adversely affect our profitability and competitive position, particularly if these requirements do not apply equally to our competitors or are not implemented uniformly across jurisdictions.

As described under “Business — Regulation — Capital and Liquidity Requirements — Payment of Dividends and Stock Repurchases” in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-K, Group Inc.’s proposed capital actions and capital plan are reviewed by the Federal Reserve Board as part of the CCAR process. If the Federal Reserve Board objects to our proposed capital actions in our capital plan, Group Inc. could be prohibited from taking some or all of the proposed capital actions, including increasing or paying dividends on common or preferred stock or repurchasing common stock or other capital securities. Our inability to carry out our proposed capital actions could, among other things, prevent us from returning capital to our shareholders and impact our return on equity.

We are also subject to laws and regulations relating to the privacy of the information of clients, employees or others, and any failure to comply with these regulations could expose us to liability and/or reputational damage. In addition, our businesses are increasingly subject to laws and regulations relating to surveillance, encryption and data on-shoring in the jurisdictions in which we operate. Compliance with these laws and regulations may require us to change our policies, procedures and technology for information security, which could, among other things, make us more vulnerable to cyber attacks and misappropriation, corruption or loss of information or technology.

Increasingly, regulators and courts have sought to hold financial institutions liable for the misconduct of their clients where such regulators and courts have determined that the financial institution should have detected that the client was engaged in wrongdoing, even though the financial institution had no direct knowledge of the activities engaged in by its client. Regulators and courts have also increasingly found liability as a “control person” for activities of entities in which financial institutions or funds controlled by financial institutions have an investment, but which they do not actively manage. In addition, regulators and courts continue to seek to establish “fiduciary” obligations to counterparties to which no such duty had been assumed to exist. To the extent that such efforts are successful, the cost of, and liabilities associated with, engaging in brokerage, clearing, market-making, prime brokerage, investing and other similar activities could increase significantly. To the extent that we have fiduciary obligations in connection with acting as a financial adviser, investment adviser or in other roles for individual, institutional, sovereign or investment fund clients, any breach, or even an alleged breach, of such obligations could have materially negative legal, regulatory and reputational consequences.

For information about the extensive regulation to which our businesses are subject, see “Business — Regulation” in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-K.

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Our businesses have been and may be adversely affected by declining asset values. This is particularly true for those businesses in which we have net “long” positions, receive fees based on the value of assets managed, or receive or post collateral.

Many of our businesses have net “long” positions in debt securities, loans, derivatives, mortgages, equities (including private equity and real estate) and most other asset classes. These include positions we take when we act as a principal to facilitate our clients’ activities, including our exchange-based market-making activities, or commit large amounts of capital to maintain positions in interest rate and credit products, as well as through our currencies, commodities, equities and mortgage-related activities. Because substantially all of these investing, lending and market-making positions are marked-to-market on a daily basis, declines in asset values directly and immediately impact our earnings, unless we have effectively “hedged” our exposures to such declines.

In certain circumstances (particularly in the case of credit products, including leveraged loans, and private equities or other securities that are not freely tradable or lack established and liquid trading markets), it may not be possible or economic to hedge such exposures and to the extent that we do so the hedge may be ineffective or may greatly reduce our ability to profit from increases in the values of the assets. Sudden declines and significant volatility in the prices of assets may substantially curtail or eliminate the trading markets for certain assets, which may make it difficult to sell, hedge or value such assets. The inability to sell or effectively hedge assets reduces our ability to limit losses in such positions and the difficulty in valuing assets may negatively affect our capital, liquidity or leverage ratios, increase our funding costs and generally require us to maintain additional capital.

In our exchange-based market-making activities, we are obligated by stock exchange rules to maintain an orderly market, including by purchasing securities in a declining market. In markets where asset values are declining and in volatile markets, this results in losses and an increased need for liquidity.

We receive asset-based management fees based on the value of our clients’ portfolios or investment in funds managed by us and, in some cases, we also receive incentive fees based on increases in the value of such investments. Declines in asset values reduce the value of our clients’ portfolios or fund assets, which in turn reduce the fees we earn for managing such assets.

We post collateral to support our obligations and receive collateral to support the obligations of our clients and counterparties in connection with our client execution businesses. When the value of the assets posted as collateral or the credit ratings of the party posting collateral decline, the party posting the collateral may need to provide additional collateral or, if possible, reduce its trading position. An example of such a situation is a “margin call” in connection with a brokerage account. Therefore, declines in the value of asset classes used as collateral mean that either the cost of funding positions is increased or the size of positions is decreased.

If we are the party providing collateral, this can increase our costs and reduce our profitability and if we are the party receiving collateral, this can also reduce our profitability by reducing the level of business done with our clients and counterparties. In addition, volatile or less liquid markets increase the difficulty of valuing assets which can lead to costly and time-consuming disputes over asset values and the level of required collateral, as well as increased credit risk to the recipient of the collateral due to delays in receiving adequate collateral. In cases where we foreclose on collateral, we have been, and may in the future be, subject to claims that the foreclosure was not permitted under the legal documents, was conducted in an improper manner or caused a client or counterparty to go out of business.

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Our businesses have been and may be adversely affected by disruptions in the credit markets, including reduced access to credit and higher costs of obtaining credit.

Widening credit spreads, as well as significant declines in the availability of credit, have in the past adversely affected our ability to borrow on a secured and unsecured basis and may do so in the future. We fund ourselves on an unsecured basis by issuing long-term debt, by accepting deposits at our bank subsidiaries, by issuing hybrid financial instruments, or by obtaining bank loans or lines of credit. We seek to finance many of our assets on a secured basis. Any disruptions in the credit markets may make it harder and more expensive to obtain funding for our businesses. If our available funding is limited or we are forced to fund our operations at a higher cost, these conditions may require us to curtail our business activities and increase our cost of funding, both of which could reduce our profitability, particularly in our businesses that involve investing, lending and market making.

Our clients engaging in mergers and acquisitions often rely on access to the secured and unsecured credit markets to finance their transactions. A lack of available credit or an increased cost of credit can adversely affect the size, volume and timing of our clients’ merger and acquisition transactions, particularly large transactions, and adversely affect our financial advisory and underwriting businesses.

Our credit businesses have been and may in the future be negatively affected by a lack of liquidity in credit markets. A lack of liquidity reduces price transparency, increases price volatility and decreases transaction volumes and size, all of which can increase transaction risk or decrease the profitability of such businesses.

Our market-making activities have been and may be affected by changes in the levels of market volatility.

Certain of our market-making activities depend on market volatility to provide trading and arbitrage opportunities to our clients, and decreases in volatility may reduce these opportunities and adversely affect the results of these activities. On the other hand, increased volatility, while it can increase trading volumes and spreads, also increases risk as measured by Value-at-Risk (VaR) and may expose us to increased risks in connection with our market-making activities or cause us to reduce our market-making inventory in order to avoid increasing our VaR. Limiting the size of our market-making positions can adversely affect our profitability. In periods when volatility is increasing, but asset values are declining significantly, it may not be possible to sell assets at all or it may only be possible to do so at steep discounts. In such circumstances we may be forced to either take on additional risk or to realize losses in order to decrease our VaR. In addition, increases in volatility increase the level of our RWAs, which increases our capital requirements.

Our investment banking, client execution and investment management businesses have been adversely affected and may in the future be adversely affected by market uncertainty or lack of confidence among investors and CEOs due to general declines in economic activity and other unfavorable economic, geopolitical or market conditions.

Our investment banking business has been and may continue to be adversely affected by market conditions. Poor economic conditions and other adverse geopolitical conditions can adversely affect and have in the past adversely affected investor and CEO confidence, resulting in significant industry-wide declines in the size and number of underwritings and of financial advisory transactions, which could have an adverse effect on our revenues and our profit margins. In particular, because a significant portion of our investment banking revenues is derived from our participation in large transactions, a decline in the number of large transactions would adversely affect our investment banking business.

In certain circumstances, market uncertainty or general declines in market or economic activity may affect our client execution businesses by decreasing levels of overall activity or by decreasing volatility, but at other times market uncertainty and even declining economic activity may result in higher trading volumes or higher spreads or both.

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Market uncertainty, volatility and adverse economic conditions, as well as declines in asset values, may cause our clients to transfer their assets out of our funds or other products or their brokerage accounts and result in reduced net revenues, principally in our investment management business. To the extent that clients do not withdraw their funds, they may invest them in products that generate less fee income.

Our investment management business may be affected by the poor investment performance of our investment products or a client preference for products other than those which we offer.

Poor investment returns in our investment management business, due to either general market conditions or underperformance (relative to our competitors or to benchmarks) by funds or accounts that we manage or investment products that we design or sell, affects our ability to retain existing assets and to attract new clients or additional assets from existing clients. This could affect the management and incentive fees that we earn on assets under supervision or the commissions and net spreads that we earn for selling other investment products, such as structured notes or derivatives. To the extent that our clients choose to invest in products that we do not currently offer, we will suffer outflows and a loss of management fees.

We may incur losses as a result of ineffective risk management processes and strategies.

We seek to monitor and control our risk exposure through a risk and control framework encompassing a variety of separate but complementary financial, credit, operational, compliance and legal reporting systems, internal controls, management review processes and other mechanisms. Our risk management process seeks to balance our ability to profit from market-making, investing or lending positions, and underwriting activities, with our exposure to potential losses. While we employ a broad and diversified set of risk monitoring and risk mitigation techniques, those techniques and the judgments that accompany their application cannot anticipate every economic and financial outcome or the specifics and timing of such outcomes. Thus, we may, in the course of our activities, incur losses. Market conditions in recent years have involved unprecedented dislocations and highlight the limitations inherent in using historical data to manage risk.

The models that we use to assess and control our risk exposures reflect assumptions about the degrees of correlation or lack thereof among prices of various asset classes or other market indicators. In times of market stress or other unforeseen circumstances, such as those that occurred during 2008 and early 2009, and to some extent since 2011, previously uncorrelated indicators may become correlated, or conversely previously correlated indicators may move in different directions. These types of market movements have at times limited the effectiveness of our hedging strategies and have caused us to incur significant losses, and they may do so in the future. These changes in correlation can be exacerbated where other market participants are using risk or trading models with assumptions or algorithms that are similar to ours. In these and other cases, it may be difficult to reduce our risk positions due to the activity of other market participants or widespread market dislocations, including circumstances where asset values are declining significantly or no market exists for certain assets.

In addition, the use of models in connection with risk management and numerous other critical activities presents risks that such models may be ineffective, either because of poor design or ineffective testing, improper or flawed inputs, as well as unpermitted access to such models resulting in unapproved or malicious changes to the model or its inputs.

To the extent that we have positions through our market-making or origination activities or we make investments directly through our investing activities, including private equity, that do not have an established liquid trading market or are otherwise subject to restrictions on sale or hedging, we may not be able to reduce our positions and therefore reduce our risk associated with such positions. In addition, to the extent permitted by applicable law and regulation, we invest our own capital in private equity, credit, real estate and hedge funds that we manage and limitations on our ability to withdraw some or all of our investments in these funds, whether for legal, reputational or other reasons, may make it more difficult for us to control the risk exposures relating to these investments.

Prudent risk management, as well as regulatory restrictions, may cause us to limit our exposure to counterparties, geographic areas or markets, which may limit our business opportunities and increase the cost of our funding or hedging activities.

For further information about our risk management policies and procedures, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Risk Management” in Part II, Item 7 of this Form 10-K.

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Our liquidity, profitability and businesses may be adversely affected by an inability to access the debt capital markets or to sell assets or by a reduction in our credit ratings or by an increase in our credit spreads.

Liquidity is essential to our businesses. Our liquidity may be impaired by an inability to access secured and/or unsecured debt markets, an inability to access funds from our subsidiaries or otherwise allocate liquidity optimally across our firm, an inability to sell assets or redeem our investments, or unforeseen outflows of cash or collateral. This situation may arise due to circumstances that we may be unable to control, such as a general market disruption or an operational problem that affects third parties or us, or even by the perception among market participants that we, or other market participants, are experiencing greater liquidity risk.

We employ structured products to benefit our clients and hedge our own risks. The financial instruments that we hold and the contracts to which we are a party are often complex, and these complex structured products often do not have readily available markets to access in times of liquidity stress. Our investing and lending activities may lead to situations where the holdings from these activities represent a significant portion of specific markets, which could restrict liquidity for our positions.

Further, our ability to sell assets may be impaired if there is not generally a liquid market for such assets, as well as in circumstances where other market participants are seeking to sell similar otherwise generally liquid assets at the same time, as is likely to occur in a liquidity or other market crisis or in response to changes to rules or regulations. For example, under the Volcker Rule, we are currently required to sell our interests in “illiquid funds” by July 2017. If our request for an extension is not granted, we will be required to sell such interests by July 2017 and we will likely receive significantly less than our carrying value for those assets. In addition, financial institutions with which we interact may exercise set-off rights or the right to require additional collateral, including in difficult market conditions, which could further impair our liquidity.

Our credit ratings are important to our liquidity. A reduction in our credit ratings could adversely affect our liquidity and competitive position, increase our borrowing costs, limit our access to the capital markets or trigger our obligations under certain provisions in some of our trading and collateralized financing contracts. Under these provisions, counterparties could be permitted to terminate contracts with us or require us to post additional collateral. Termination of our trading and collateralized financing contracts could cause us to sustain losses and impair our liquidity by requiring us to find other sources of financing or to make significant cash payments or securities movements.

As of December 2016, in the event of a one-notch and two-notch downgrade of our credit ratings our counterparties could have called for additional collateral or termination payments related to our net derivative liabilities under bilateral agreements in an aggregate amount of $677 million and $2.22 billion, respectively. A downgrade by any one rating agency, depending on the agency’s relative ratings of us at the time of the downgrade, may have an impact which is comparable to the impact of a downgrade by all rating agencies. For further information about our credit ratings, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Risk Management — Liquidity Risk Management — Credit Ratings” in Part II, Item 7 of this Form 10-K.

Our cost of obtaining long-term unsecured funding is directly related to our credit spreads (the amount in excess of the interest rate of U.S. Treasury securities (or other benchmark securities) of the same maturity that we need to pay to our debt investors). Increases in our credit spreads can significantly increase our cost of this funding. Changes in credit spreads are continuous, market-driven, and subject at times to unpredictable and highly volatile movements. Our credit spreads are also influenced by market perceptions of our creditworthiness. In addition, our credit spreads may be influenced by movements in the costs to purchasers of credit default swaps referenced to our long-term debt. The market for credit default swaps has proven to be extremely volatile and at times has lacked a high degree of transparency or liquidity.

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Regulatory changes relating to liquidity may also negatively impact our results of operations and competitive position. Recently, numerous regulations have been adopted or proposed, and additional regulations are under consideration, to introduce more stringent liquidity requirements for large financial institutions. These regulations and others being considered address, among other matters, liquidity stress testing, minimum liquidity requirements, wholesale funding, limitations on the issuance of short-term debt and structured notes and prohibitions on parent guarantees that are subject to cross-defaults. These may overlap with, and be impacted by, other regulatory changes, including new rules relating to minimum long-term debt requirements and TLAC, guidance on the treatment of brokered deposits and the capital, leverage and resolution and recovery frameworks applicable to large financial institutions. Given the overlap and complex interactions among these new and prospective regulations, they may have unintended cumulative effects, and their full impact will remain uncertain until implementation of post-financial crisis regulatory reform is complete.

A failure to appropriately identify and address potential conflicts of interest could adversely affect our businesses.

Due to the broad scope of our businesses and our client base, we regularly address potential conflicts of interest, including situations where our services to a particular client or our own investments or other interests conflict, or are perceived to conflict, with the interests of another client, as well as situations where one or more of our businesses have access to material non-public information that may not be shared with other businesses within the firm and situations where we may be a creditor of an entity with which we also have an advisory or other relationship.

In addition, our status as a bank holding company subjects us to heightened regulation and increased regulatory scrutiny by the Federal Reserve Board with respect to transactions between GS Bank USA and entities that are or could be viewed as affiliates of ours and, under the Volcker Rule, transactions between Goldman Sachs and certain covered funds.

We have extensive procedures and controls that are designed to identify and address conflicts of interest, including those designed to prevent the improper sharing of information among our businesses. However, appropriately identifying and dealing with conflicts of interest is complex and difficult, and our reputation, which is one of our most important assets, could be damaged and the willingness of clients to enter into transactions with us may be affected if we fail, or appear to fail, to identify, disclose and deal appropriately with conflicts of interest. In addition, potential or perceived conflicts could give rise to litigation or regulatory enforcement actions.

A failure in our operational systems or infrastructure, or those of third parties, as well as human error, could impair our liquidity, disrupt our businesses, result in the disclosure of confidential information, damage our reputation and cause losses.

Our businesses are highly dependent on our ability to process and monitor, on a daily basis, a large number of transactions, many of which are highly complex and occur at high volumes and frequencies, across numerous and diverse markets in many currencies. These transactions, as well as the information technology services we provide to clients, often must adhere to client-specific guidelines, as well as legal and regulatory standards.

Many rules and regulations worldwide govern our obligations to report transactions and other information to regulators, exchanges and investors. Compliance with these legal and reporting requirements can be challenging, and the firm and other financial institutions have been subject to regulatory fines and penalties for failing to report timely, accurate and complete information. As reporting requirements expand, compliance with these rules and regulations has become more challenging.

As our client base and our geographical reach expand and the volume, speed, frequency and complexity of transactions, especially electronic transactions (as well as the requirements to report such transactions on a real-time basis to clients, regulators and exchanges) increase, developing and maintaining our operational systems and infrastructure becomes more challenging, and the risk of systems or human error in connection with such transactions increases, as well as the potential consequences of such errors due to the speed and volume of transactions involved and the potential difficulty associated with discovering such errors quickly enough to limit the resulting consequences.

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Our financial, accounting, data processing or other operational systems and facilities may fail to operate properly or become disabled as a result of events that are wholly or partially beyond our control, such as a spike in transaction volume, adversely affecting our ability to process these transactions or provide these services. We must continuously update these systems to support our operations and growth and to respond to changes in regulations and markets, and invest heavily in systemic controls and training to ensure that such transactions do not violate applicable rules and regulations or, due to errors in processing such transactions, adversely affect markets, our clients and counterparties or the firm.

Systems enhancements and updates, as well as the requisite training, including in connection with the integration of new businesses, entail significant costs and create risks associated with implementing new systems and integrating them with existing ones.

Notwithstanding the proliferation of technology and technology-based risk and control systems, our businesses ultimately rely on people as our greatest resource, and, from time-to-time, they make mistakes that are not always caught immediately by our technological processes or by our other procedures which are intended to prevent and detect such errors. These can include calculation errors, mistakes in addressing emails, errors in software or model development or implementation, or simple errors in judgment. We strive to eliminate such human errors through training, supervision, technology and by redundant processes and controls. Human errors, even if promptly discovered and remediated, can result in material losses and liabilities for the firm.

In addition, we face the risk of operational failure, termination or capacity constraints of any of the clearing agents, exchanges, clearing houses or other financial intermediaries we use to facilitate our securities and derivatives transactions, and as our interconnectivity with our clients grows, we increasingly face the risk of operational failure with respect to our clients’ systems.

In recent years, there has been significant consolidation among clearing agents, exchanges and clearing houses and an increasing number of derivative transactions are now or in the near future will be cleared on exchanges, which has increased our exposure to operational failure, termination or capacity constraints of the particular financial intermediaries that we use and could affect our ability to find adequate and cost-effective alternatives in the event of any such failure, termination or constraint. Industry consolidation, whether among market participants or financial intermediaries, increases the risk of operational failure as disparate complex systems need to be integrated, often on an accelerated basis.

Furthermore, the interconnectivity of multiple financial institutions with central agents, exchanges and clearing houses, and the increased centrality of these entities, increases the risk that an operational failure at one institution or entity may cause an industry-wide operational failure that could materially impact our ability to conduct business. Any such failure, termination or constraint could adversely affect our ability to effect transactions, service our clients, manage our exposure to risk or expand our businesses or result in financial loss or liability to our clients, impairment of our liquidity, disruption of our businesses, regulatory intervention or reputational damage.

Despite the resiliency plans and facilities we have in place, our ability to conduct business may be adversely impacted by a disruption in the infrastructure that supports our businesses and the communities in which we are located. This may include a disruption involving electrical, satellite, undersea cable or other communications, internet, transportation or other services facilities used by us or third parties with which we conduct business, including cloud service providers. These disruptions may occur as a result of events that affect only our buildings or systems or those of such third parties, or as a result of events with a broader impact globally, regionally or in the cities where those buildings or systems are located, including, but not limited to, natural disasters, war, civil unrest, terrorism, economic or political developments, pandemics and weather events.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 33

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Nearly all of our employees in our primary locations, including the New York metropolitan area, London, Bengaluru, Hong Kong, Tokyo and Salt Lake City, work in close proximity to one another, in one or more buildings. Notwithstanding our efforts to maintain business continuity, given that our headquarters and the largest concentration of our employees are in the New York metropolitan area, and our two principal office buildings in the New York area both are located on the waterfront of the Hudson River, depending on the intensity and longevity of the event, a catastrophic event impacting our New York metropolitan area offices, including a terrorist attack, extreme weather event or other hostile or catastrophic event, could negatively affect our business. If a disruption occurs in one location and our employees in that location are unable to occupy our offices or communicate with or travel to other locations, our ability to service and interact with our clients may suffer, and we may not be able to successfully implement contingency plans that depend on communication or travel.

A failure to protect our computer systems, networks and information, and our clients’ information, against cyber attacks and similar threats could impair our ability to conduct our businesses, result in the disclosure, theft or destruction of confidential information, damage our reputation and cause losses.

Our operations rely on the secure processing, storage and transmission of confidential and other information in our computer systems and networks. There have been several highly publicized cases involving financial services companies, consumer-based companies and other organizations reporting the unauthorized disclosure of client, customer or other confidential information in recent years, as well as cyber attacks involving the dissemination, theft and destruction of corporate information or other assets, as a result of failure to follow procedures by employees or contractors or as a result of actions by third parties, including actions by foreign governments. There have also been several highly publicized cases where hackers have requested “ransom” payments in exchange for not disclosing customer information.

We are regularly the target of attempted cyber attacks, including denial-of-service attacks, and must continuously monitor and develop our systems to protect our technology infrastructure and data from misappropriation or corruption. We may face an increasing number of attempted cyber attacks as we expand our mobile- and other internet-based products and services, as well as our usage of mobile and cloud technologies and as we provide more of these services to a greater number of retail clients. In addition, due to our interconnectivity with third-party vendors, central agents, exchanges, clearing houses and other financial institutions, we could be adversely impacted if any of them is subject to a successful cyber attack or other information security event.

Despite our efforts to ensure the integrity of our systems and information, we may not be able to anticipate, detect or implement effective preventive measures against all cyber threats, especially because the techniques used are increasingly sophisticated, change frequently and are often not recognized until launched. Cyber attacks can originate from a variety of sources, including third parties who are affiliated with foreign governments or are involved with organized crime or terrorist organizations. Third parties may also attempt to place individuals within the firm or induce employees, clients or other users of our systems to disclose sensitive information or provide access to our data or that of our clients, and these types of risks may be difficult to detect or prevent.

Although we take protective measures and endeavor to modify them as circumstances warrant, our computer systems, software and networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, misuse, computer viruses or other malicious code and other events that could have a security impact. Due to the complexity and interconnectedness of our systems, the process of enhancing our protective measures can itself create a risk of systems disruptions and security issues.

If one or more of such events occur, this potentially could jeopardize our or our clients’ or counterparties’ confidential and other information processed and stored in, and transmitted through, our computer systems and networks, or otherwise cause interruptions or malfunctions in our, our clients’, our counterparties’ or third parties’ operations, which could impact their ability to transact with us or otherwise result in significant losses or reputational damage.

34 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

The increased use of mobile and cloud technologies can heighten these and other operational risks. We expect to expend significant additional resources on an ongoing basis to modify our protective measures and to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities or other exposures, but these measures may be ineffective and we may be subject to litigation and financial losses that are either not insured against or not fully covered through any insurance maintained by us. Certain aspects of the security of such technologies are unpredictable or beyond our control, and the failure by mobile technology and cloud service providers to adequately safeguard their systems and prevent cyber attacks could disrupt our operations and result in misappropriation, corruption or loss of confidential and other information. In addition, there is a risk that encryption and other protective measures, despite their sophistication, may be defeated, particularly to the extent that new computing technologies vastly increase the speed and computing power available.

We routinely transmit and receive personal, confidential and proprietary information by email and other electronic means. We have discussed and worked with clients, vendors, service providers, counterparties and other third parties to develop secure transmission capabilities and protect against cyber attacks, but we do not have, and may be unable to put in place, secure capabilities with all of our clients, vendors, service providers, counterparties and other third parties and we may not be able to ensure that these third parties have appropriate controls in place to protect the confidentiality of the information. An interception, misuse or mishandling of personal, confidential or proprietary information being sent to or received from a client, vendor, service provider, counterparty or other third party could result in legal liability, regulatory action and reputational harm.

Group Inc. is a holding company and is dependent for liquidity on payments from its subsidiaries, many of which are subject to restrictions.

Group Inc. is a holding company and, therefore, depends on dividends, distributions and other payments from its subsidiaries to fund dividend payments and to fund all payments on its obligations, including debt obligations. Many of our subsidiaries, including our broker-dealer and bank subsidiaries, are subject to laws that restrict dividend payments or authorize regulatory bodies to block or reduce the flow of funds from those subsidiaries to Group Inc.

In addition, our broker-dealer and bank subsidiaries are subject to restrictions on their ability to lend or transact with affiliates and to minimum regulatory capital and other requirements, as well as restrictions on their ability to use funds deposited with them in brokerage or bank accounts to fund their businesses. Additional restrictions on related-party transactions, increased capital and liquidity requirements and additional limitations on the use of funds on deposit in bank or brokerage accounts, as well as lower earnings, can reduce the amount of funds available to meet the obligations of Group Inc., including under the Federal Reserve Board’s source of strength policy, and even require Group Inc. to provide additional funding to such subsidiaries. Restrictions or regulatory action of that kind could impede access to funds that Group Inc. needs to make payments on its obligations, including debt obligations, or dividend payments. In addition, Group Inc.’s right to participate in a distribution of assets upon a subsidiary’s liquidation or reorganization is subject to the prior claims of the subsidiary’s creditors.

There has been a trend towards increased regulation and supervision of our subsidiaries by the governments and regulators in the countries in which those subsidiaries are located or do business. Concerns about protecting clients and creditors of financial institutions that are controlled by persons or entities located outside of the country in which such entities are located or do business have caused or may cause a number of governments and regulators to take additional steps to “ring fence” or maintain internal total loss-absorbing capacity at such entities in order to protect clients and creditors of such entities in the event of financial difficulties involving such entities. The result has been and may continue to be additional limitations on our ability to efficiently move capital and liquidity among our affiliated entities, thereby increasing the overall level of capital and liquidity required by us on a consolidated basis.

Furthermore, Group Inc. has guaranteed the payment obligations of certain of its subsidiaries, including GS&Co. and GS Bank USA, subject to certain exceptions. In addition, Group Inc. guarantees many of the obligations of its other consolidated subsidiaries on a transaction-by-transaction basis, as negotiated with counterparties. These guarantees may require Group Inc. to provide substantial funds or assets to its subsidiaries or their creditors or counterparties at a time when Group Inc. is in need of liquidity to fund its own obligations.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 35

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

The requirements for Group Inc. and GS Bank USA to develop and submit recovery and resolution plans to regulators, and the incorporation of feedback received from regulators, may require us to increase capital or liquidity levels or issue additional long-term debt at Group Inc. or particular subsidiaries or otherwise incur additional or duplicative operational or other costs at multiple entities, and may reduce our ability to provide Group Inc. guarantees of the obligations of our subsidiaries or raise debt at Group Inc. Resolution planning may also impair our ability to structure our intercompany and external activities in a manner that we may otherwise deem most operationally efficient. Furthermore, arrangements to facilitate our resolution planning may cause us to be subject to additional taxes. Any such limitations or requirements would be in addition to the legal and regulatory restrictions described above on our ability to engage in capital actions or make intercompany dividends or payments.

See “Business — Regulation” in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-K for further information about regulatory restrictions.

The application of regulatory strategies and requirements in the U.S. and non-U.S. jurisdictions to facilitate the orderly resolution of large financial institutions could create greater risk of loss for Group Inc.’s security holders.

As described under “Business — Regulation — Banking Supervision and Regulation — Insolvency of an Insured Depository Institution or a Bank Holding Company,” if the FDIC is appointed as receiver under OLA, the rights of Group Inc.’s creditors would be determined under OLA, and substantial differences exist in the rights of creditors between OLA and the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, including the right of the FDIC under OLA to disregard the strict priority of creditor claims in some circumstances, which could have a material adverse effect on debtholders.

The FDIC has announced that a single point of entry strategy may be a desirable strategy under OLA to resolve a large financial institution such as Group Inc. in a manner that would, among other things, impose losses on shareholders, debtholders and other creditors of the top-tier holding company (in our case, Group Inc.), while the holding company’s subsidiaries may continue to operate. It is possible that the application of the single point of entry strategy under OLA, in which Group Inc. would be the only legal entity to enter resolution proceedings (and its material broker-dealer, bank and other operating entities would not enter resolution proceedings), would result in greater losses to Group Inc.’s security holders (including holders of our fixed rate, floating rate and indexed debt securities), than the losses that would result from the application of a bankruptcy proceeding or a different resolution strategy, such as a multiple point of entry resolution strategy for Group Inc. and certain of its material subsidiaries.

Assuming Group Inc. entered resolution proceedings and that support from Group Inc. to its subsidiaries was sufficient to enable the subsidiaries to remain solvent, losses at the subsidiary level would be transferred to Group Inc. and ultimately borne by Group Inc.’s security holders, third-party creditors of Group Inc.’s subsidiaries would receive full recoveries on their claims, and Group Inc.’s security holders (including our shareholders, debtholders and other unsecured creditors) could face significant losses. In that case, Group Inc.’s security holders would face losses while the third-party creditors of Group Inc.’s subsidiaries would incur no losses because the subsidiaries would continue to operate and would not enter resolution or bankruptcy proceedings. In addition, holders of Group Inc.’s eligible long-term debt and holders of Group Inc.’s other debt securities could face losses ahead of its other similarly situated creditors in a resolution under OLA if the FDIC exercised its right, described above, to disregard the strict priority of creditor claims.

OLA also provides the FDIC with authority to cause creditors and shareholders of the financial company such as Group Inc. in receivership to bear losses before taxpayers are exposed to such losses, and amounts owed to the U.S. government would generally receive a statutory payment priority over the claims of private creditors, including senior creditors.

36 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

In addition, under OLA, claims of creditors (including debtholders) could be satisfied through the issuance of equity or other securities in a bridge entity to which Group Inc.’s assets are transferred. If such a securities-for-claims exchange were implemented, there can be no assurance that the value of the securities of the bridge entity would be sufficient to repay or satisfy all or any part of the creditor claims for which the securities were exchanged. While the FDIC has issued regulations to implement OLA, not all aspects of how the FDIC might exercise this authority are known and additional rulemaking is likely.

In addition, certain jurisdictions, including the U.K. and the E.U., have implemented, or are considering, changes to resolution regimes to provide resolution authorities with the ability to recapitalize a failing entity by writing down its unsecured debt or converting its unsecured debt into equity. Such “bail-in” powers are intended to enable the recapitalization of a failing institution by allocating losses to its shareholders and unsecured debtholders. U.S. and non-U.S. regulators are also considering requirements that certain subsidiaries of large financial institutions maintain minimum amounts of total loss-absorbing capacity that would pass losses up from the subsidiaries to the top-tier holding company and, ultimately, to security holders of the top-tier holding company in the event of failure.

The application of Group Inc.’s proposed resolution strategy could result in greater losses for Group Inc.’s security holders, and failure to address shortcomings in our resolution plan could subject us to increased regulatory requirements.

In our resolution plan, Group Inc. would be resolved under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. The strategy described in our resolution plan is a variant of the single point of entry strategy: Group Inc. would recapitalize and provide liquidity to certain major subsidiaries, including through the forgiveness of intercompany indebtedness, the extension of the maturities of intercompany indebtedness and the extension of additional intercompany loans. If this strategy were successful, creditors of some or all of Group Inc.’s major subsidiaries would receive full recoveries on their claims, while Group Inc.’s security holders could face significant losses.

In that case, Group Inc.’s security holders could face losses while the third-party creditors of Group Inc.’s major subsidiaries would incur no losses because those subsidiaries would continue to operate and not enter resolution or bankruptcy proceedings. As part of the strategy, Group Inc. could also seek to elevate the priority of its guarantee obligations relating to its major subsidiaries’ derivatives contracts so that cross-default and early termination rights would be stayed under the ISDA Protocol, which would result in holders of Group Inc.’s eligible long-term debt and holders of Group Inc.’s other debt securities incurring losses ahead of the beneficiaries of those guarantee obligations.

It is also possible that holders of Group Inc.’s eligible long-term debt and other debt securities could incur losses ahead of other similarly situated creditors. If Group Inc.’s proposed resolution strategy were not successful, Group Inc.’s financial condition would be adversely impacted and Group Inc.’s security holders, including debtholders, may as a consequence be in a worse position than if the strategy had not been implemented. In all cases, any payments to debtholders are dependent on our ability to make such payments and are therefore subject to our credit risk.

In April 2016, the Federal Reserve Board and the FDIC provided feedback on the 2015 resolution plans of eight systemically important domestic banking institutions and provided guidance related to the 2017 resolution plan submissions. While our plan was not jointly found to be deficient (i.e., non-credible or to not facilitate an orderly resolution under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code), the FDIC identified certain deficiencies and both the FDIC and Federal Reserve Board also identified certain shortcomings. In response to the feedback received, in September 2016, we submitted a status report on our actions to address these shortcomings and a separate public section that explains these actions at a high level, which is available on our website as described under “Available Information” in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-K.

Our 2017 resolution plan, which is due by July 1, 2017, is also required to address the shortcomings and take into account the additional guidance. If it is determined that Group Inc. did not effectively address the shortcomings and additional guidance, the Federal Reserve Board and the FDIC could, after any permitted resubmission, find our resolution plan not credible and require us to hold more capital, change our business structure or dispose of businesses, which could have a negative impact on our ability to return capital to shareholders, financial condition, results of operations or competitive position.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 37

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

As a result of our recovery and resolution planning processes, including incorporating feedback from our regulators, we may incur increased operational, funding or other costs and face limitations on our ability to structure our internal organization or engage in internal or external activities in a manner that we may otherwise deem most operationally efficient.

Our businesses, profitability and liquidity may be adversely affected by deterioration in the credit quality of, or defaults by, third parties who owe us money, securities or other assets or whose securities or obligations we hold.

We are exposed to the risk that third parties that owe us money, securities or other assets will not perform their obligations. These parties may default on their obligations to us due to bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, operational failure or other reasons. A failure of a significant market participant, or even concerns about a default by such an institution, could lead to significant liquidity problems, losses or defaults by other institutions, which in turn could adversely affect us.

We are also subject to the risk that our rights against third parties may not be enforceable in all circumstances. In addition, deterioration in the credit quality of third parties whose securities or obligations we hold, including a deterioration in the value of collateral posted by third parties to secure their obligations to us under derivatives contracts and loan agreements, could result in losses and/or adversely affect our ability to rehypothecate or otherwise use those securities or obligations for liquidity purposes.

A significant downgrade in the credit ratings of our counterparties could also have a negative impact on our results. While in many cases we are permitted to require additional collateral from counterparties that experience financial difficulty, disputes may arise as to the amount of collateral we are entitled to receive and the value of pledged assets. The termination of contracts and the foreclosure on collateral may subject us to claims for the improper exercise of our rights. Default rates, downgrades and disputes with counterparties as to the valuation of collateral increase significantly in times of market stress and illiquidity.

As part of our clearing and prime brokerage activities, we finance our clients’ positions, and we could be held responsible for the defaults or misconduct of our clients. Although we regularly review credit exposures to specific clients and counterparties and to specific industries, countries and regions that we believe may present credit concerns, default risk may arise from events or circumstances that are difficult to detect or foresee.

Concentration of risk increases the potential for significant losses in our market-making, underwriting, investing and lending activities.

Concentration of risk increases the potential for significant losses in our market-making, underwriting, investing and lending activities. The number and size of such transactions may affect our results of operations in a given period. Moreover, because of concentration of risk, we may suffer losses even when economic and market conditions are generally favorable for our competitors. Disruptions in the credit markets can make it difficult to hedge these credit exposures effectively or economically. In addition, we extend large commitments as part of our credit origination activities.

Rules adopted under the Dodd-Frank Act require issuers of asset-backed securities and any person who organizes and initiates an asset-backed securities transaction to retain economic exposure to the asset, which is likely to significantly increase the cost to us of engaging in securitization activities. Our inability to reduce our credit risk by selling, syndicating or securitizing these positions, including during periods of market stress, could negatively affect our results of operations due to a decrease in the fair value of the positions, including due to the insolvency or bankruptcy of the borrower, as well as the loss of revenues associated with selling such securities or loans.

In the ordinary course of business, we may be subject to a concentration of credit risk to a particular counterparty, borrower, issuer, including sovereign issuers, or geographic area or group of related countries, such as the E.U., and a failure or downgrade of, or default by, such entity could negatively impact our businesses, perhaps materially, and the systems by which we set limits and monitor the level of our credit exposure to individual entities, industries and countries may not function as we have anticipated. Provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act have led to increased centralization of trading activity through particular clearing houses, central agents or exchanges, which has significantly increased our concentration of risk with respect to these entities. While our activities expose us to many different industries, counterparties and countries, we routinely execute a high volume of transactions with counterparties engaged in financial services activities, including brokers and dealers, commercial banks, clearing houses, exchanges and investment funds. This has resulted in significant credit concentration with respect to these counterparties.

38 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

The financial services industry is both highly competitive and interrelated.

The financial services industry and all of our businesses are intensely competitive, and we expect them to remain so. We compete on the basis of a number of factors, including transaction execution, our products and services, innovation, reputation, creditworthiness and price. There has been substantial consolidation and convergence among companies in the financial services industry. This consolidation and convergence has hastened the globalization of the securities and other financial services markets.

As a result, we have had to commit capital to support our international operations and to execute large global transactions. To the extent we expand into new business areas and new geographic regions, we will face competitors with more experience and more established relationships with clients, regulators and industry participants in the relevant market, which could adversely affect our ability to expand. Governments and regulators have recently adopted regulations, imposed taxes, adopted compensation restrictions or otherwise put forward various proposals that have or may impact our ability to conduct certain of our businesses in a cost-effective manner or at all in certain or all jurisdictions, including proposals relating to restrictions on the type of activities in which financial institutions are permitted to engage. These or other similar rules, many of which do not apply to all our U.S. or non-U.S. competitors, could impact our ability to compete effectively.

Pricing and other competitive pressures in our businesses have continued to increase, particularly in situations where some of our competitors may seek to increase market share by reducing prices. For example, in connection with investment banking and other assignments, we have experienced pressure to extend and price credit at levels that may not always fully compensate us for the risks we take.

The financial services industry is highly interrelated in that a significant volume of transactions occur among a limited number of members of that industry. Many transactions are syndicated to other financial institutions and financial institutions are often counterparties in transactions. This has led to claims by other market participants and regulators that such institutions have colluded in order to manipulate markets or market prices, including allegations that antitrust laws have been violated. While we have extensive procedures and controls that are designed to identify and prevent such activities, allegations of such activities, particularly by regulators, can have a negative reputational impact and can subject us to large fines and settlements, and potentially significant penalties, including treble damages.

We face enhanced risks as new business initiatives lead us to transact with a broader array of clients and counterparties and expose us to new asset classes and new markets.

A number of our recent and planned business initiatives and expansions of existing businesses may bring us into contact, directly or indirectly, with individuals and entities that are not within our traditional client and counterparty base and expose us to new asset classes and new markets. For example, we continue to transact business and invest in new regions, including a wide range of emerging and growth markets. Furthermore, in a number of our businesses, including where we make markets, invest and lend, we directly or indirectly own interests in, or otherwise become affiliated with the ownership and operation of public services, such as airports, toll roads and shipping ports, as well as physical commodities and commodities infrastructure components, both within and outside the U.S.

We have recently increased and intend to further increase our consumer-oriented deposit-taking and lending activities. To the extent we engage in such activities or similar consumer-oriented activities, we could face additional compliance, legal and regulatory risk, increased reputational risk and increased operational risk due to, among other things, higher transaction volumes and significantly increased retention and transmission of customer and client information.

New business initiatives expose us to new and enhanced risks, including risks associated with dealing with governmental entities, reputational concerns arising from dealing with less sophisticated clients, counterparties and investors, greater regulatory scrutiny of these activities, increased credit-related, market, sovereign and operational risks, risks arising from accidents or acts of terrorism, and reputational concerns with the manner in which these assets are being operated or held or in which we interact with these counterparties.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 39

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Derivative transactions and delayed settlements may expose us to unexpected risk and potential losses.

We are party to a large number of derivative transactions, including credit derivatives. Many of these derivative instruments are individually negotiated and non-standardized, which can make exiting, transferring or settling positions difficult. Many credit derivatives require that we deliver to the counterparty the underlying security, loan or other obligation in order to receive payment. In a number of cases, we do not hold the underlying security, loan or other obligation and may not be able to obtain the underlying security, loan or other obligation. This could cause us to forfeit the payments due to us under these contracts or result in settlement delays with the attendant credit and operational risk as well as increased costs to the firm.

Derivative transactions may also involve the risk that documentation has not been properly executed, that executed agreements may not be enforceable against the counterparty, or that obligations under such agreements may not be able to be “netted” against other obligations with such counterparty. In addition, counterparties may claim that such transactions were not appropriate or authorized.

As a signatory to the ISDA Protocol, we may not be able to exercise remedies against counterparties and, as this new regime has not yet been tested, we may suffer risks or losses that we would not have expected to suffer if we could immediately close out transactions upon a termination event. Various U.S. and non-U.S. regulators have proposed or adopted implementing regulations contemplated by the ISDA Protocol, and those implementing regulations may result in additional limitations on our ability to exercise remedies against counterparties. The ISDA Protocol’s impact will depend on, among other things, how it is implemented and the development of market practice and structures under the implementing regulations.

Derivative contracts and other transactions, including secondary bank loan purchases and sales, entered into with third parties are not always confirmed by the counterparties or settled on a timely basis. While the transaction remains unconfirmed or during any delay in settlement, we are subject to heightened credit and operational risk and in the event of a default may find it more difficult to enforce our rights.

In addition, as new complex derivative products are created, covering a wider array of underlying credit and other instruments, disputes about the terms of the underlying contracts could arise, which could impair our ability to effectively manage our risk exposures from these products and subject us to increased costs. The provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act requiring central clearing of credit derivatives and other OTC derivatives, or a market shift toward standardized derivatives, could reduce the risk associated with such transactions, but under certain circumstances could also limit our ability to develop derivatives that best suit the needs of our clients and to hedge our own risks, and could adversely affect our profitability and increase our credit exposure to such platform.

Our businesses may be adversely affected if we are unable to hire and retain qualified employees.

Our performance is largely dependent on the talents and efforts of highly skilled people; therefore, our continued ability to compete effectively in our businesses, to manage our businesses effectively and to expand into new businesses and geographic areas depends on our ability to attract new talented and diverse employees and to retain and motivate our existing employees. Factors that affect our ability to attract and retain such employees include our compensation and benefits, and our reputation as a successful business with a culture of fairly hiring, training and promoting qualified employees. As a significant portion of the compensation that we pay to our employees is in the form of year-end discretionary compensation, a significant portion of which is in the form of deferred equity-related awards, declines in our profitability, or in the outlook for our future profitability, as well as regulatory limitations on compensation levels and terms, can negatively impact our ability to hire and retain highly qualified employees.

Competition from within the financial services industry and from businesses outside the financial services industry for qualified employees has often been intense. Recently, we have experienced increased competition in hiring and retaining employees to address the demands of new regulatory requirements. This is also the case in emerging and growth markets, where we are often competing for qualified employees with entities that have a significantly greater presence or more extensive experience in the region.

40 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Changes in law or regulation in jurisdictions in which our operations are located that affect taxes on our employees’ income, or the amount or composition of compensation, may also adversely affect our ability to hire and retain qualified employees in those jurisdictions.

As described further in “Business — Regulation —Compensation Practices” in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-K, our compensation practices are subject to review by, and the standards of, the Federal Reserve Board. As a large global financial and banking institution, we are subject to limitations on compensation practices (which may or may not affect our competitors) by the Federal Reserve Board, the PRA, the FCA, the FDIC and other regulators worldwide. These limitations, including any imposed by or as a result of future legislation or regulation, may require us to alter our compensation practices in ways that could adversely affect our ability to attract and retain talented employees.

We may be adversely affected by increased governmental and regulatory scrutiny or negative publicity.

Governmental scrutiny from regulators, legislative bodies and law enforcement agencies with respect to matters relating to compensation, our business practices, our past actions and other matters has increased dramatically in the past several years. The financial crisis and the current political and public sentiment regarding financial institutions has resulted in a significant amount of adverse press coverage, as well as adverse statements or charges by regulators or other government officials. Press coverage and other public statements that assert some form of wrongdoing (including, in some cases, press coverage and public statements that do not directly involve us) often result in some type of investigation by regulators, legislators and law enforcement officials or in lawsuits.

Responding to these investigations and lawsuits, regardless of the ultimate outcome of the proceeding, is time-consuming and expensive and can divert the time and effort of our senior management from our business. Penalties and fines sought by regulatory authorities have increased substantially over the last several years, and certain regulators have been more likely in recent years to commence enforcement actions or to advance or support legislation targeted at the financial services industry. Adverse publicity, governmental scrutiny and legal and enforcement proceedings can also have a negative impact on our reputation and on the morale and performance of our employees, which could adversely affect our businesses and results of operations.

Substantial legal liability or significant regulatory action against us could have material adverse financial effects or cause us significant reputational harm, which in turn could seriously harm our business prospects.

We face significant legal risks in our businesses, and the volume of claims and amount of damages and penalties claimed in litigation and regulatory proceedings against financial institutions remain high. See Note 27 to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K for information about certain legal and regulatory proceedings and investigations in which we are involved and Note 18 to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K for information regarding certain mortgage-related contingencies. Our experience has been that legal claims by customers and clients increase in a market downturn and that employment-related claims increase following periods in which we have reduced our staff. Additionally, governmental entities have been and are plaintiffs in certain of the legal proceedings in which we are involved, and we may face future actions or claims by the same or other governmental entities, as well as follow-on civil litigation that is often commenced after regulatory settlements.

Recently, significant settlements by several large financial institutions, including, in some cases, us, with governmental entities have been publicly announced. The trend of large settlements with governmental entities may adversely affect the outcomes for other financial institutions in similar actions, especially where governmental officials have announced that the large settlements will be used as the basis or a template for other settlements. The uncertain regulatory enforcement environment makes it difficult to estimate probable losses, which can lead to substantial disparities between legal reserves and subsequent actual settlements or penalties.

Certain enforcement authorities have recently required admissions of wrongdoing, and, in some cases, criminal pleas, as part of the resolutions of matters brought by them against financial institutions. Any such resolution of a matter involving the firm could lead to increased exposure to civil litigation, could adversely affect our reputation, could result in penalties or limitations on our ability to do business in certain jurisdictions and could have other negative effects.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 41

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

In addition, the U.S. Department of Justice has announced a policy of requiring companies to provide investigators with all relevant facts relating to the individuals responsible for the alleged misconduct in order to qualify for any cooperation credit in civil and criminal investigations of corporate wrongdoing, which may result in our incurring increased fines and penalties if the Department of Justice determines that we have not provided sufficient information about applicable individuals in connection with an investigation, as well as increased costs in responding to Department of Justice investigations. It is possible that other governmental authorities will adopt similar policies.

The growth of electronic trading and the introduction of new trading technology may adversely affect our business and may increase competition.

Technology is fundamental to our business and our industry. The growth of electronic trading and the introduction of new technologies is changing our businesses and presenting us with new challenges. Securities, futures and options transactions are increasingly occurring electronically, both on our own systems and through other alternative trading systems, and it appears that the trend toward alternative trading systems will continue. Some of these alternative trading systems compete with us, particularly our exchange-based market-making activities, and we may experience continued competitive pressures in these and other areas. In addition, the increased use by our clients of low-cost electronic trading systems and direct electronic access to trading markets could cause a reduction in commissions and spreads. As our clients increasingly use our systems to trade directly in the markets, we may incur liabilities as a result of their use of our order routing and execution infrastructure. We have invested significant resources into the development of electronic trading systems and expect to continue to do so, but there is no assurance that the revenues generated by these systems will yield an adequate return on our investment, particularly given the generally lower commissions arising from electronic trades.

Our commodities activities, particularly our physical commodities activities, subject us to extensive regulation and involve certain potential risks, including environmental, reputational and other risks that may expose us to significant liabilities and costs.

As part of our commodities business, we purchase and sell certain physical commodities, arrange for their storage and transport, and engage in market making of commodities. The commodities involved in these activities may include crude oil, oil refined products, natural gas, liquefied natural gas, electric power, agricultural products, metals (base and precious), minerals (including unenriched uranium), emission credits, coal, freight and related products and indices.

In our investing and lending businesses, we make investments in and finance entities that engage in the production, storage and transportation of numerous commodities, including many of the commodities referenced above.

These activities subject us and/or the entities in which we invest to extensive and evolving federal, state and local energy, environmental, antitrust and other governmental laws and regulations worldwide, including environmental laws and regulations relating to, among others, air quality, water quality, waste management, transportation of hazardous substances, natural resources, site remediation and health and safety. Additionally, rising climate change concerns may lead to additional regulation that could increase the operating costs and profitability of our investments.

There may be substantial costs in complying with current or future laws and regulations relating to our commodities-related activities and investments. Compliance with these laws and regulations could require significant commitments of capital toward environmental monitoring, renovation of storage facilities or transport vessels, payment of emission fees and carbon or other taxes, and application for, and holding of, permits and licenses.

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Commodities involved in our intermediation activities and investments are also subject to the risk of unforeseen or catastrophic events, which are likely to be outside of our control, including those arising from the breakdown or failure of transport vessels, storage facilities or other equipment or processes or other mechanical malfunctions, fires, leaks, spills or release of hazardous substances, performance below expected levels of output or efficiency, terrorist attacks, extreme weather events or other natural disasters or other hostile or catastrophic events. In addition, we rely on third-party suppliers or service providers to perform their contractual obligations and any failure on their part, including the failure to obtain raw materials at reasonable prices or to safely transport or store commodities, could expose us to costs or losses. Also, while we seek to insure against potential risks, we may not be able to obtain insurance to cover some of these risks and the insurance that we have may be inadequate to cover our losses.

The occurrence of any of such events may prevent us from performing under our agreements with clients, may impair our operations or financial results and may result in litigation, regulatory action, negative publicity or other reputational harm.

We may also be required to divest or discontinue certain of these activities for regulatory or legal reasons. For example, the Federal Reserve Board recently proposed regulations that could impose significant additional capital requirements on certain commodity-related activities. If that occurs, we may receive a value that is less than the then carrying value, as we may be unable to exit these activities in an orderly transaction.

In conducting our businesses around the world, we are subject to political, economic, legal, operational and other risks that are inherent in operating in many countries.

In conducting our businesses and maintaining and supporting our global operations, we are subject to risks of possible nationalization, expropriation, price controls, capital controls, exchange controls and other restrictive governmental actions, as well as the outbreak of hostilities or acts of terrorism. For example, there has been significant conflict between Russia and Ukraine in recent years, and sanctions have been imposed by the U.S. and the E.U. on certain individuals and companies in Russia. In many countries, the laws and regulations applicable to the securities and financial services industries and many of the transactions in which we are involved are uncertain and evolving, and it may be difficult for us to determine the exact requirements of local laws in every market. Any determination by local regulators that we have not acted in compliance with the application of local laws in a particular market or our failure to develop effective working relationships with local regulators could have a significant and negative effect not only on our businesses in that market but also on our reputation generally. Further, in some jurisdictions a failure to comply with laws and regulations may subject the firm and its personnel not only to civil actions but also criminal actions. We are also subject to the enhanced risk that transactions we structure might not be legally enforceable in all cases.

In June 2016, a referendum was passed for the U.K. to exit the E.U. (Brexit). The exit of the U.K. from the E.U. will likely change the arrangements by which U.K. firms are able to provide services into the E.U., which may materially adversely affect the manner in which we operate certain of our businesses in Europe and could require us to restructure certain of our operations. The outcome of the negotiations between the U.K. and the E.U. in connection with Brexit is highly uncertain. Such uncertainty has resulted in, and may continue to result in, market volatility and may negatively impact the confidence of investors and clients.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 43

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Our businesses and operations are increasingly expanding throughout the world, including in emerging and growth markets, and we expect this trend to continue. Various emerging and growth market countries have experienced severe economic and financial disruptions, including significant devaluations of their currencies, defaults or threatened defaults on sovereign debt, capital and currency exchange controls, and low or negative growth rates in their economies, as well as military activity, civil unrest or acts of terrorism. The possible effects of any of these conditions include an adverse impact on our businesses and increased volatility in financial markets generally.

While business and other practices throughout the world differ, our principal legal entities are subject in their operations worldwide to rules and regulations relating to corrupt and illegal payments, hiring practices and money laundering, as well as laws relating to doing business with certain individuals, groups and countries, such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the USA PATRIOT Act and U.K. Bribery Act. While we have invested and continue to invest significant resources in training and in compliance monitoring, the geographical diversity of our operations, employees, clients and customers, as well as the vendors and other third parties that we deal with, greatly increases the risk that we may be found in violation of such rules or regulations and any such violation could subject us to significant penalties or adversely affect our reputation.

In addition, there have been a number of highly publicized cases around the world, involving actual or alleged fraud or other misconduct by employees in the financial services industry in recent years, and we run the risk that employee misconduct could occur. This misconduct has included and may include in the future the theft of proprietary information, including proprietary software. It is not always possible to deter or prevent employee misconduct and the precautions we take to prevent and detect this activity have not been and may not be effective in all cases.

We may incur losses as a result of unforeseen or catastrophic events, including the emergence of a pandemic, terrorist attacks, extreme weather events or other natural disasters.

The occurrence of unforeseen or catastrophic events, including the emergence of a pandemic, such as the Ebola or Zika viruses, or other widespread health emergency (or concerns over the possibility of such an emergency), terrorist attacks, extreme terrestrial or solar weather events or other natural disasters, could create economic and financial disruptions, and could lead to operational difficulties (including travel limitations) that could impair our ability to manage our businesses.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

There are no material unresolved written comments that were received from the SEC staff 180 days or more before the end of our fiscal year relating to our periodic or current reports under the Exchange Act.

Item 2. Properties

Our principal executive offices are located at 200 West Street, New York, New York and comprise approximately 2.1 million square feet. The building is located on a parcel leased from Battery Park City Authority pursuant to a ground lease. Under the lease, Battery Park City Authority holds title to all improvements, including the office building, subject to Goldman Sachs’ right of exclusive possession and use until June 2069, the expiration date of the lease. Under the terms of the ground lease, we made a lump sum ground rent payment in June 2007 of $161 million for rent through the term of the lease. We have offices at 30 Hudson Street in Jersey City, New Jersey, which we own and which include approximately 1.6 million square feet of office space. We have additional offices and commercial space in the U.S. and elsewhere in the Americas, which together comprise approximately 2.6 million square feet of leased and owned space.

In Europe, the Middle East and Africa, we have offices that total approximately 1.6 million square feet of leased and owned space. Our European headquarters is located in London at Peterborough Court, pursuant to a lease that we can terminate in 2021. In total, we have offices with approximately 1.2 million square feet in London, relating to various properties. We are currently constructing a 1.1 million square foot office in London. We expect initial occupancy during 2019.

In Asia, Australia and New Zealand, we have offices with approximately 1.9 million square feet. Our headquarters in this region are in Tokyo, at the Roppongi Hills Mori Tower, and in Hong Kong, at the Cheung Kong Center. In Japan, we currently have offices with approximately 219,000 square feet, the majority of which have leases that will expire in 2018. In Hong Kong, we currently have offices with approximately 315,000 square feet, the majority of which have leases that will expire in 2023.

In the preceding paragraphs, square footage figures are provided only for properties that are used in the operation of our businesses.

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See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations — Contractual Obligations” in Part II, Item 7 of this Form 10-K for information about exit costs we may incur in the future to the extent we (i) reduce our space capacity or (ii) commit to, or occupy, new properties in the locations in which we operate and, consequently, dispose of existing space that had been held for potential growth.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

We are involved in a number of judicial, regulatory and arbitration proceedings concerning matters arising in connection with the conduct of our businesses. Many of these proceedings are in early stages, and many of these cases seek an indeterminate amount of damages. However, we believe, based on currently available information, that the results of such proceedings, in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, but may be material to our operating results for any particular period, depending, in part, upon the operating results for such period. Given the range of litigation and investigations presently under way, our litigation expenses can be expected to remain high. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Use of Estimates” in Part II, Item 7 of this Form 10-K. See Notes 18 and 27 to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K for information about certain judicial, regulatory and legal proceedings.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Executive Officers of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.

Set forth below are the name, age, present title, principal occupation and certain biographical information for our executive officers. Our executive officers have been appointed by and serve at the pleasure of our board of directors.

Lloyd C. Blankfein, 62

Mr. Blankfein has been our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer since June 2006, and a director since April 2003.

Alan M. Cohen, 66

Mr. Cohen has been an Executive Vice President of Goldman Sachs and Global Head of Compliance since February 2004.

Edith W. Cooper, 55

Ms. Cooper has been an Executive Vice President of Goldman Sachs since April 2011 and Global Head of Human Capital Management since March 2008.

Richard J. Gnodde, 56

Mr. Gnodde has been a Vice Chairman of Goldman Sachs since January 2017, Chief Executive Officer or co-Chief Executive Officer of Goldman Sachs International since 2006 and co-head of the Investment Banking Division since 2011.

Gregory K. Palm, 68

Mr. Palm has been an Executive Vice President of Goldman Sachs since May 1999, and General Counsel and head or co-head of the Legal Department since May 1992.

John F.W. Rogers, 60

Mr. Rogers has been an Executive Vice President of Goldman Sachs since April 2011 and Chief of Staff and Secretary to the Board of Directors of Goldman Sachs since December 2001.

Pablo J. Salame, 51

Mr. Salame has been a Vice Chairman of Goldman Sachs since January 2017 and global co-head of the Securities Division since 2008.

Harvey M. Schwartz, 52

Mr. Schwartz has been President and co-Chief Operating Officer of Goldman Sachs since January 2017. Additionally, he will continue in his role as Chief Financial Officer (which he assumed in January 2013) through April 2017. From February 2008 to January 2013, Mr. Schwartz was global co-head of the Securities Division.

David M. Solomon, 55

Mr. Solomon has been President and co-Chief Operating Officer of Goldman Sachs since January 2017. He had previously served as co-head of the Investment Banking Division since July 2006.

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The principal market on which our common stock is traded is the NYSE. Information relating to the high and low sales prices per share of our common stock, as reported by the Consolidated Tape Association, for each full quarterly period during 2014, 2015 and 2016 is set forth under the heading “Supplemental Financial Information — Common Stock Price Range” in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K. As of February 10, 2017, there were 8,177 holders of record of our common stock.

The table below presents dividends declared by Group Inc. during 2016 and 2015.

	Date of Declaration	Dividend Declared Per Common Share
2016
First Quarter	January 19, 2016	$0.65
Second Quarter	April 18, 2016	$0.65
Third Quarter	July 18, 2016	$0.65
Fourth Quarter	October 17, 2016	$0.65
2015
First Quarter	January 15, 2015	$0.60
Second Quarter	April 15, 2015	$0.65
Third Quarter	July 15, 2015	$0.65
Fourth Quarter	October 14, 2015	$0.65

The declaration of dividends by Group Inc. is subject to the discretion of the Board of Directors of Group Inc. (Board). Our Board will take into account such matters as general business conditions, our financial results, capital requirements, contractual, legal and regulatory restrictions on the payment of dividends by us to our shareholders or by our subsidiaries to us, the effect on our debt ratings and such other factors as our Board may deem relevant. The holders of our common stock share proportionately on a per share basis in all dividends and other distributions on common stock declared by our Board. See “Business — Regulation” in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-K for information about potential regulatory limitations on our receipt of funds from our regulated subsidiaries and our payment of dividends to shareholders of Group Inc. Prior to the payment of dividends, we must receive confirmation that the Federal Reserve Board does not object to such payment.

The table below presents purchases made by or on behalf of Group Inc. or any “affiliated purchaser” (as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Exchange Act), of our common stock during the fourth quarter of 2016. Information relating to compensation plans under which our equity securities are authorized for issuance is presented in Part III, Item 12 of this Form 10-K.

	Total Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid Per Share	Total Shares Purchased as Part of a Publicly Announced Program	Maximum Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program
October 2016	2,650,628	$172.13	2,650,628	31,545,097
November 2016	3,164,013	$198.20	3,164,013	28,381,084
December 2016	1,768,622	$235.57	1,768,622	26,612,462
Total	7,583,263		7,583,263

Since March 2000, our Board has approved a repurchase program authorizing repurchases of up to 505 million shares of our common stock. The repurchase program is effected primarily through regular open-market purchases (which may include repurchase plans designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1), the amounts and timing of which are determined primarily by our current and projected capital position, but which may also be influenced by general market conditions and the prevailing price and trading volumes of our common stock. The repurchase program has no set expiration or termination date. Prior to repurchasing common stock, we must receive confirmation that the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System does not object to such capital actions.

Item 6. Selected Financial Data

The Selected Financial Data table is set forth under Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Introduction

The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (Group Inc. or parent company), a Delaware corporation, together with its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, the firm), is a leading global investment banking, securities and investment management firm that provides a wide range of financial services to a substantial and diversified client base that includes corporations, financial institutions, governments and individuals. Founded in 1869, the firm is headquartered in New York and maintains offices in all major financial centers around the world.

We report our activities in four business segments: Investment Banking, Institutional Client Services, Investing & Lending and Investment Management. See “Results of Operations” below for further information about our business segments.

When we use the terms “Goldman Sachs,” “the firm,” “we,” “us” and “our,” we mean Group Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

References to “this Form 10-K” are to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. References to “the 2015 Form 10-K” are to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015. All references to “the consolidated financial statements” or “Supplemental Financial Information” are to Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K. All references to 2016, 2015 and 2014 refer to our years ended, or the dates, as the context requires, December 31, 2016, December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. Any reference to a future year refers to a year ending on December 31 of that year. Certain reclassifications have been made to previously reported amounts to conform to the current presentation.

In this discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations, we have included information that may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are not historical facts, but instead represent only our beliefs regarding future events, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and outside our control. These statements include statements other than historical information or statements of current condition and may relate to our future plans and objectives and results, among other things, and may also include statements about the effect of changes to the capital, leverage, liquidity, long-term debt and total loss-absorbing capacity rules applicable to banks and bank holding companies, the impact of the U.S. Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act) on our businesses and operations, and various legal proceedings, governmental investigations or mortgage-related contingencies as set forth in Notes 27 and 18, respectively, to the consolidated financial statements, as well as statements about the results of our Dodd-Frank Act and firm stress tests, statements about the objectives and effectiveness of our business continuity plan, information security program, risk management and liquidity policies, statements about our resolution plan and resolution strategy and their implications for our debtholders and other stakeholders, statements about trends in or growth opportunities for our businesses, statements about our future status, activities or reporting under U.S. or non-U.S. banking and financial regulation, statements about the possible effects of the U.K. referendum vote to leave the European Union (E.U.), and statements about our investment banking transaction backlog.

By identifying these statements for you in this manner, we are alerting you to the possibility that our actual results and financial condition may differ, possibly materially, from the anticipated results and financial condition indicated in these forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ from those indicated in these forward-looking statements include, among others, those described in “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K and “Cautionary Statement Pursuant to the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995” in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-K.

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Executive Overview

2016 versus 2015. We generated net earnings of $7.40 billion and diluted earnings per common share of $16.29 for 2016, an increase of 22% and 34%, respectively, compared with $6.08 billion and $12.14 per share for 2015. Return on average common shareholders’ equity (ROE) was 9.4% for 2016, compared with 7.4% for 2015. Book value per common share was $182.47 as of December 2016, 6.7% higher compared with the end of 2015.

Net revenues were $30.61 billion for 2016, 9% lower than 2015, due to significantly lower net revenues in Investing & Lending and lower net revenues in Investment Banking, Institutional Client Services and Investment Management. These results reflected the impact of a challenging operating environment during the first half of the year, particularly during the first quarter, although the environment improved during the second half of the year.

Operating expenses were $20.30 billion for 2016, 19% lower than 2015, primarily due to significantly lower non-compensation expenses, primarily reflecting significantly lower net provisions for mortgage-related litigation and regulatory matters, as the prior year included provisions for the settlement agreement with the Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities Working Group of the U.S. Financial Fraud Enforcement Task Force (RMBS Working Group), as well as lower market development expenses and professional fees, reflecting expense savings initiatives. Compensation and benefits expenses were also lower, reflecting a decrease in net revenues and the impact of expense savings initiatives.

We continued to maintain strong capital ratios and liquidity, while returning $7.20 billion of capital to shareholders during 2016. During the year, we repurchased 36.6 million shares of our common stock for a total cost of $6.07 billion and paid common stock dividends of $1.13 billion. Our Common Equity Tier 1 ratio as calculated in accordance with the Standardized approach and the Basel III Advanced approach, in each case reflecting the applicable transitional provisions, was 14.5% and 13.1%, respectively, and our global core liquid assets were $226 billion, all as of December 2016. See Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements for further information about our capital ratios. See “Risk Management — Liquidity Risk Management” below for further information about our global core liquid assets.

In the context of the challenging environment during the first half of 2016, we completed an initiative that identified areas where we can operate more efficiently, resulting in a reduction of approximately $900 million in annual run rate compensation. For 2016, net savings from this initiative, after severance and other related costs, were approximately $500 million.

2015 versus 2014. We generated net earnings of $6.08 billion and diluted earnings per common share of $12.14 for 2015, a decrease of 28% and 29%, respectively, compared with $8.48 billion and $17.07 per share for 2014. ROE was 7.4% for 2015, compared with 11.2% for 2014. During 2015, we recorded provisions for the settlement agreement with the RMBS Working Group of $3.37 billion ($2.99 billion after-tax), which reduced diluted earnings per common share by $6.53 and ROE by 3.8 percentage points. See Note 27 to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of the 2015 Form 10-K for further information.

Book value per common share was $171.03 as of December 2015, 4.9% higher compared with the end of 2014. During 2015, we repurchased 22.1 million shares of our common stock for a total cost of $4.20 billion.

Net revenues were $33.82 billion for 2015, 2% lower than 2014, as significantly lower net revenues in Investing & Lending were largely offset by higher net revenues in Investment Banking and slightly higher net revenues in Investment Management. Net revenues in Institutional Client Services were essentially unchanged compared with 2014.

Operating expenses were $25.04 billion for 2015, 13% higher than 2014, due to significantly higher non-compensation expenses, primarily reflecting significantly higher net provisions for mortgage-related litigation and regulatory matters. Compensation and benefits expenses were essentially unchanged compared with the prior year.

As of December 2015, our Common Equity Tier 1 ratio as calculated in accordance with the Standardized approach and the Basel III Advanced approach, in each case reflecting the applicable transitional provisions, was 13.6% and 12.4%, respectively. In addition, our global core liquid assets were $199 billion as of December 2015.

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Business Environment

Global

During 2016, real gross domestic product (GDP) growth appeared to slow in advanced economies and appeared mixed in emerging market economies compared with 2015. In advanced economies, growth was lower in the U.S., the Euro area, the U.K. and Japan. In emerging markets, growth slowed in China and appeared to slow in India, while real GDP appeared to contract less in Brazil and Russia than in 2015. Monetary policy divergence continued in 2016, as the U.S. Federal Reserve increased its target interest rate again, while monetary policy remained accommodative in Europe and Japan. In June, a referendum was passed for the U.K. to exit the E.U., and in November, the U.S. held its presidential election. The market reaction to the outcomes of both events was generally more positive than expectations. The price of crude oil (WTI) increased by 45% in 2016 and, in the fourth quarter, OPEC members announced an agreement to reduce oil production. In investment banking, industry-wide mergers and acquisitions activity remained strong for 2016, but declined compared with the level of activity in 2015. Industry-wide volumes in equity underwriting declined compared with a strong 2015, while industry-wide debt underwriting volumes increased compared with the prior year.

United States

In the U.S., real GDP increased by 1.6% in 2016, compared with an increase of 2.6% in 2015, as growth in total fixed investment and consumer expenditures declined. Measures of consumer confidence were mixed on average compared with the prior year, but increased significantly in the fourth quarter. The unemployment rate declined to 4.7% at the end of 2016, and labor market indicators suggest the U.S. economy is close to full employment. Housing starts, sales, and prices increased compared with 2015, while measures of inflation also increased. The U.S. Federal Reserve raised its target rate for the federal funds rate at the December meeting to a range of 0.50% to 0.75%. The yield on the 10-year U.S. Treasury note increased by 18 basis points during 2016 to 2.45%. In equity markets, the Dow Jones Industrial Average, the S&P 500 Index and the NASDAQ Composite Index increased by 13%, 10% and 8%, respectively, during 2016.

Europe

In the Euro area, real GDP increased by 1.7% in 2016, compared with an increase of 1.9% in 2015. Growth in consumer spending declined, while growth in fixed investment and government consumption increased. Measures of inflation remained subdued, prompting the European Central Bank (ECB) to announce multiple easing measures in the first quarter, cutting the deposit rate by 10 basis points to (0.40)% and lowering the main refinancing operations rate by 5 basis points to 0.00%, as well as launching a new series of targeted longer-term refinancing operations, increasing the volume of monthly purchases of bonds, and adding investment grade, non-financial corporate bonds to the list of bonds purchased under its asset purchase program. In December, the ECB announced an extension of its asset purchase program through at least the end of 2017, although the pace of purchases will be lower. The Euro depreciated by 3% against the U.S. dollar. In the U.K., real GDP increased by 1.8% in 2016, compared with an increase of 2.2% in 2015. Following the passage of the U.K. referendum, the Bank of England announced a monetary easing package comprised of a 25 basis points cut to the official bank rate, £70 billion of asset purchases, and a Term Funding Scheme. The British pound depreciated by 16% against the U.S. dollar during 2016, reaching its lowest level against the U.S. dollar in over 30 years. Yields on 10-year government bonds in the region generally decreased during the year. In equity markets, the FTSE 100 Index, DAX Index, CAC 40 Index and Euro Stoxx 50 Index increased by 14%, 7%, 5% and 1%, respectively, during 2016.

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Asia

In Japan, real GDP increased by 1.0% in 2016, compared with an increase of 1.2% in 2015. In 2016, the Bank of Japan introduced a negative interest rate policy during the first quarter and altered the framework for its Quantitative and Qualitative Easing program during the third quarter, shifting from purchasing set quantities of assets to targeting a 0% yield on 10-year Japanese government bonds. The yield on 10-year Japanese government bonds declined into negative territory for most of the year, the U.S. dollar depreciated by 3% against the Japanese yen and the Nikkei 225 Index ended the year essentially unchanged. In China, real GDP increased by 6.7% in 2016, compared with an increase of 6.9% in 2015. During 2016, the People’s Bank of China announced cuts to its reserve requirement ratio. Measures of inflation increased and the U.S. dollar appreciated by 7% against the Chinese yuan. In equity markets, the Shanghai Composite Index decreased by 12% during 2016, while the Hang Seng Index ended the year essentially unchanged. In India, real GDP appeared to increase by 6.8% in 2016, compared with an increase of 7.2% in 2015, and the rate of inflation was essentially unchanged from 2015. The U.S. dollar appreciated by 3% against the Indian rupee and the BSE Sensex Index increased by 2% during 2016.

Other Markets

In Brazil, real GDP appeared to contract by 3.4% in 2016, compared with a contraction of 3.8% in 2015. The U.S. dollar depreciated by 18% against the Brazilian real and the Bovespa Index increased by 39%. In Russia, real GDP appeared to contract by 0.2% in 2016, compared with a contraction of 2.8% in 2015. The U.S. dollar depreciated by 16% against the Russian ruble and the MICEX Index increased by 27% during 2016.

Critical Accounting Policies

Fair Value

Fair Value Hierarchy. Financial instruments owned, at fair value and Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value (i.e., inventory), as well as certain other financial assets and financial liabilities, are reflected in our consolidated statements of financial condition at fair value (i.e., marked-to-market), with related gains or losses generally recognized in our consolidated statements of earnings. The use of fair value to measure financial instruments is fundamental to our risk management practices and is our most critical accounting policy.

The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. We measure certain financial assets and financial liabilities as a portfolio (i.e., based on its net exposure to market and/or credit risks). In determining fair value, the hierarchy under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP) gives (i) the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities (level 1 inputs), (ii) the next priority to inputs other than level 1 inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly (level 2 inputs), and (iii) the lowest priority to inputs that cannot be observed in market activity (level 3 inputs). In evaluating the significance of a valuation input, we consider, among other factors, a portfolio’s net risk exposure to that input. Assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to their fair value measurement.

The fair values for substantially all of our financial assets and financial liabilities are based on observable prices and inputs and are classified in levels 1 and 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Certain level 2 and level 3 financial assets and financial liabilities may require appropriate valuation adjustments that a market participant would require to arrive at fair value for factors such as counterparty and our credit quality, funding risk, transfer restrictions, liquidity and bid/offer spreads.

50 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Instruments categorized within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are those which require one or more significant inputs that are not observable. As of December 2016 and December 2015, level 3 financial assets represented 2.7% and 2.8%, respectively, of our total assets. See Notes 5 through 8 to the consolidated financial statements for further information about level 3 financial assets, including changes in level 3 financial assets and related fair value measurements. Absent evidence to the contrary, instruments classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are initially valued at transaction price, which is considered to be the best initial estimate of fair value. Subsequent to the transaction date, we use other methodologies to determine fair value, which vary based on the type of instrument. Estimating the fair value of level 3 financial instruments requires judgments to be made. These judgments include:

• Determining the appropriate valuation methodology and/or model for each type of level 3 financial instrument;

• Determining model inputs based on an evaluation of all relevant empirical market data, including prices evidenced by market transactions, interest rates, credit spreads, volatilities and correlations; and

• Determining appropriate valuation adjustments, including those related to illiquidity or counterparty credit quality.

Regardless of the methodology, valuation inputs and assumptions are only changed when corroborated by substantive evidence.

Controls Over Valuation of Financial Instruments. Market makers and investment professionals in our revenue-producing units are responsible for pricing our financial instruments. Our control infrastructure is independent of the revenue-producing units and is fundamental to ensuring that all of our financial instruments are appropriately valued at market-clearing levels. In the event that there is a difference of opinion in situations where estimating the fair value of financial instruments requires judgment (e.g., calibration to market comparables or trade comparison, as described below), the final valuation decision is made by senior managers in control and support functions. This independent price verification is critical to ensuring that our financial instruments are properly valued.

Price Verification. All financial instruments at fair value in levels 1, 2 and 3 of the fair value hierarchy are subject to our independent price verification process. The objective of price verification is to have an informed and independent opinion with regard to the valuation of financial instruments under review. Instruments that have one or more significant inputs which cannot be corroborated by external market data are classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Price verification strategies utilized by our independent control and support functions include:

• Trade Comparison. Analysis of trade data (both internal and external where available) is used to determine the most relevant pricing inputs and valuations.

• External Price Comparison. Valuations and prices are compared to pricing data obtained from third parties (e.g., brokers or dealers, Markit, Bloomberg, IDC, TRACE). Data obtained from various sources is compared to ensure consistency and validity. When broker or dealer quotations or third-party pricing vendors are used for valuation or price verification, greater priority is generally given to executable quotations.

• Calibration to Market Comparables. Market-based transactions are used to corroborate the valuation of positions with similar characteristics, risks and components.

• Relative Value Analyses. Market-based transactions are analyzed to determine the similarity, measured in terms of risk, liquidity and return, of one instrument relative to another or, for a given instrument, of one maturity relative to another.

• Collateral Analyses. Margin calls on derivatives are analyzed to determine implied values which are used to corroborate our valuations.

• Execution of Trades. Where appropriate, trading desks are instructed to execute trades in order to provide evidence of market-clearing levels.

• Backtesting. Valuations are corroborated by comparison to values realized upon sales.

See Notes 5 through 8 to the consolidated financial statements for further information about fair value measurements.

Review of Net Revenues. Independent control and support functions ensure adherence to our pricing policy through a combination of daily procedures, including the explanation and attribution of net revenues based on the underlying factors. Through this process we independently validate net revenues, identify and resolve potential fair value or trade booking issues on a timely basis and seek to ensure that risks are being properly categorized and quantified.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 51

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Review of Valuation Models. Our independent model risk management group (Model Risk Management), consisting of quantitative professionals who are separate from model developers, performs an independent model review and validation process of our valuation models. New or changed models are reviewed and approved prior to being put into use. Models are evaluated and re-approved annually to assess the impact of any changes in the product or market and any market developments in pricing theories. See “Risk Management — Model Risk Management” for further information about the review and validation of our valuation models.

Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets

Goodwill. Goodwill is the cost of acquired companies in excess of the fair value of net assets, including identifiable intangible assets, at the acquisition date. Goodwill is assessed for impairment annually in the fourth quarter or more frequently if events occur or circumstances change that indicate an impairment may exist, by first assessing qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the results of the qualitative assessment are not conclusive, a quantitative goodwill test is performed by comparing the estimated fair value of each reporting unit with its estimated net book value.

During the fourth quarter of 2016, we assessed goodwill for impairment using a qualitative assessment. The qualitative assessment required management to make judgments and to evaluate several factors, which included, but were not limited to, performance indicators, firm and industry events, macroeconomic indicators and fair value indicators. Based on our evaluation of these factors, we determined that it was more likely than not that the fair value of each of the reporting units exceeded its respective carrying amount.

Notwithstanding the results of the qualitative assessment, since the 2015 quantitative goodwill test determined that the estimated fair value of the Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution reporting unit was not substantially in excess of its carrying value, we also performed a quantitative test on this reporting unit during the fourth quarter of 2016. In the quantitative test, the estimated fair value of the Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution reporting unit substantially exceeded its carrying value.

Therefore, we determined that goodwill for all reporting units was not impaired.

Estimating the fair value of our reporting units requires management to make judgments. Critical inputs to the fair value estimates include projected earnings and attributed equity. There is inherent uncertainty in the projected earnings. The net book value of each reporting unit reflects an allocation of total shareholders’ equity and represents the estimated amount of total shareholders’ equity required to support the activities of the reporting unit under currently applicable regulatory capital requirements. See “Equity Capital Management and Regulatory Capital” for further information about our capital requirements.

If we experience a prolonged or severe period of weakness in the business environment or financial markets, or additional increases in capital requirements, our goodwill could be impaired in the future. In addition, significant changes to other inputs of the quantitative goodwill test could cause the estimated fair value of our reporting units to decline, which could result in an impairment of goodwill in the future.

See Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements for further information about our goodwill.

Identifiable Intangible Assets. We amortize our identifiable intangible assets over their estimated useful lives generally using the straight-line method. Identifiable intangible assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances suggest that an asset’s or asset group’s carrying value may not be fully recoverable.

A prolonged or severe period of market weakness, or significant changes in regulation, could adversely impact our businesses and impair the value of our identifiable intangible assets. In addition, certain events could indicate a potential impairment of our identifiable intangible assets, including weaker business performance resulting in a decrease in our customer base and decreases in revenues from customer contracts and relationships. Management judgment is required to evaluate whether indications of potential impairment have occurred, and to test intangible assets for impairment if required.

An impairment, generally calculated as the difference between the estimated fair value and the carrying value of an asset or asset group, is recognized if the total of the estimated undiscounted cash flows relating to the asset or asset group is less than the corresponding carrying value.

See Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements for further information about our identifiable intangible assets.

52 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Recent Accounting Developments

See Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements for information about Recent Accounting Developments.

Use of Estimates

The use of generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions. In addition to the estimates we make in connection with fair value measurements and the accounting for goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, the use of estimates and assumptions is also important in determining provisions for losses that may arise from litigation, regulatory proceedings (including governmental investigations) and tax audits, and the allowance for losses on loans and lending commitments held for investment.

We estimate and provide for potential losses that may arise out of litigation and regulatory proceedings to the extent that such losses are probable and can be reasonably estimated. In addition, we estimate the upper end of the range of reasonably possible aggregate loss in excess of the related reserves for litigation and regulatory proceedings where we believe the risk of loss is more than slight. See Notes 18 and 27 to the consolidated financial statements for information about certain judicial, litigation and regulatory proceedings.

Significant judgment is required in making these estimates and our final liabilities may ultimately be materially different. Our total estimated liability in respect of litigation and regulatory proceedings is determined on a case-by-case basis and represents an estimate of probable losses after considering, among other factors, the progress of each case, proceeding or investigation, our experience and the experience of others in similar cases, proceedings or investigations, and the opinions and views of legal counsel.

In accounting for income taxes, we recognize tax positions in the financial statements only when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on examination by the relevant taxing authority based on the technical merits of the position. See Note 24 to the consolidated financial statements for further information about accounting for income taxes.

We also estimate and record an allowance for credit losses related to our loans receivable and lending commitments held for investment. Management’s estimate of loan losses entails judgment about loan collectability at the reporting dates, and there are uncertainties inherent in those judgments. See Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements for further information about the allowance for losses on loans and lending commitments held for investment.

Results of Operations

The composition of our net revenues has varied over time as financial markets and the scope of our operations have changed. The composition of net revenues can also vary over the shorter term due to fluctuations in U.S. and global economic and market conditions. See “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K for further information about the impact of economic and market conditions on our results of operations.

Financial Overview

The table below presents an overview of our financial results and selected financial ratios.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions, except per share amounts		2016	2015	2014
Net revenues		$30,608	$33,820	$34,528
Pre-tax earnings		10,304	8,778	12,357
Net earnings		7,398	6,083	8,477
Net earnings applicable to common shareholders		7,087	5,568	8,077
Diluted earnings per common share		16.29	12.14	17.07
Return on average common shareholders’ equity		9.4%	7.4%	11.2%
Net earnings to average assets		0.8%	0.7%	0.9%
Return on average total shareholders’ equity		8.5%	7.0%	10.5%
Total average equity to average assets		9.8%	9.9%	9.0%
Dividend payout ratio		16.0%	21.0%	13.2%

In the table above:

• Net earnings applicable to common shareholders for 2016 includes a benefit of $266 million, reflected in preferred stock dividends, related to the exchange of APEX for shares of Series E and Series F Preferred Stock during 2016. See Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements for further information.

• ROE is calculated by dividing net earnings applicable to common shareholders by average monthly common shareholders’ equity. The table below presents our average common shareholders’ equity.

	Average for the Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015		2014
Total shareholders’ equity		$ 86,658		$ 86,314		$80,839
Preferred stock		(11,304	)	(10,585	)	(8,585	)
Common shareholders’ equity		$ 75,354		$ 75,729		$72,254

• Return on average total shareholders’ equity is calculated by dividing net earnings by average monthly total shareholders’ equity.

• Dividend payout ratio is calculated by dividing dividends declared per common share by diluted earnings per common share.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 53

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Net Revenues

The table below presents our net revenues by line item in the consolidated statements of earnings.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016	2015	2014
Investment banking		$  6,273	$  7,027	$  6,464
Investment management		5,407	5,868	5,748
Commissions and fees		3,208	3,320	3,316
Market making		9,933	9,523	8,365
Other principal transactions		3,200	5,018	6,588
Total non-interest revenues		28,021	30,756	30,481
Interest income		9,691	8,452	9,604
Interest expense		7,104	5,388	5,557
Net interest income		2,587	3,064	4,047
Total net revenues		$30,608	$33,820	$34,528

In the table above:

• Investment banking is comprised of revenues (excluding net interest) from financial advisory and underwriting assignments, as well as derivative transactions directly related to these assignments. These activities are included in our Investment Banking segment.

• Investment management is comprised of revenues (excluding net interest) from providing investment management services to a diverse set of clients, as well as wealth advisory services and certain transaction services to high-net-worth individuals and families. These activities are included in our Investment Management segment.

• Commissions and fees is comprised of revenues from executing and clearing client transactions on major stock, options and futures exchanges worldwide, as well as over-the-counter (OTC) transactions. These activities are included in our Institutional Client Services and Investment Management segments.

• Market making is comprised of revenues (excluding net interest) from client execution activities related to making markets in interest rate products, credit products, mortgages, currencies, commodities and equity products. These activities are included in our Institutional Client Services segment.

• Other principal transactions is comprised of revenues (excluding net interest) from our investing activities and the origination of loans to provide financing to clients. In addition, Other principal transactions includes revenues related to our consolidated investments. These activities are included in our Investing & Lending segment.

Operating Environment. During the first quarter of 2016, our business activities were negatively impacted by challenging trends in the operating environment, including concerns and uncertainties about global economic growth and central bank activity as well as higher levels of volatility, all of which contributed to significant price pressure at the beginning of the year across both equity and fixed income markets. These factors negatively impacted investor conviction and risk appetite for market-making activities, and industry-wide equity underwriting and mergers and acquisitions activity for investment banking activities. Results in other principal transactions also reflected the impact of these difficult market and economic conditions. At the start of the second quarter of 2016, concerns about global economic growth moderated and conditions improved in many businesses, including a rebound in investment banking activities and improved results in other principal transactions. However, later in the second quarter, the market became increasingly focused on the political uncertainty and economic implications surrounding the potential exit of the U.K. from the E.U., impacting market-making activities.

The operating environment improved during the second half of 2016, as global equity markets steadily increased and credit spreads tightened, providing a more favorable backdrop for our business activities. For investment management activities, our assets under supervision continued to increase during 2016. The mix of our average assets under supervision shifted slightly compared with 2015 from long-term assets under supervision to liquidity products.

If the trend of macroeconomic concerns continues over the long term, and market-making activity levels, investment banking activity levels, or assets under supervision decline or if investors continue the trend of favoring assets under supervision that typically generate lower fees, net revenues would likely be negatively impacted. See “Segment Operating Results” below for further information about the operating environment and material trends and uncertainties that may impact our results of operations.

During 2015, the operating environment for market-making activities was positively impacted by diverging central bank monetary policies in the U.S. and the Euro area in the first quarter, as increased volatility levels contributed to strong client activity levels in currencies, interest rate products and equity products. However, during the remainder of 2015, concerns about global growth and uncertainty about the U.S. Federal Reserve’s interest rate policy, along with lower global equity prices, widening high-yield credit spreads and declining commodity prices, contributed to lower levels of client activity, particularly in mortgages and credit, and more difficult market-making conditions.

54 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

The operating environment for investment banking activities for 2015 reflected strong industry-wide mergers and acquisitions activity. In addition, investment management reflected an environment generally characterized by strong client net inflows, which more than offset the declines in equity and fixed income asset prices. Although other principal transactions for 2015 benefited from favorable company-specific events, including sales, initial public offerings and financings, a decline in global equity prices and widening high-yield credit spreads during the second half of 2015 impacted results.

2016 versus 2015

Net revenues in the consolidated statements of earnings were $30.61 billion for 2016, 9% lower than 2015, reflecting the impact of a challenging operating environment during the first half of the year, particularly during the first quarter, although the environment improved during the second half of the year. The decrease in net revenues was primarily due to significantly lower other principal transactions revenues and lower investment banking revenues, net interest income and investment management revenues. In addition, commissions and fees were slightly lower. These results were partially offset by slightly higher market-making revenues.

Non-Interest Revenues. Investment banking revenues in the consolidated statements of earnings were $6.27 billion for 2016, 11% lower compared with a strong 2015. Revenues in financial advisory were lower compared with a strong 2015, reflecting a decrease in industry-wide transactions. Revenues in underwriting were lower compared with a strong 2015, due to significantly lower revenues in equity underwriting, reflecting a decrease in industry-wide volumes. Revenues in debt underwriting were significantly higher, reflecting significantly higher revenues from asset-backed activity and higher revenues from leveraged finance activity.

Investment management revenues in the consolidated statements of earnings were $5.41 billion for 2016, 8% lower than 2015, primarily reflecting significantly lower incentive fees compared with a strong 2015. In addition, management and other fees were slightly lower, reflecting shifts in the mix of client assets and strategies, partially offset by the impact of higher average assets under supervision.

Commissions and fees in the consolidated statements of earnings were $3.21 billion for 2016, 3% lower than 2015, reflecting lower listed cash equity volumes in Asia and Europe, consistent with market volumes in these regions.

Market-making revenues in the consolidated statements of earnings were $9.93 billion for 2016, 4% higher than 2015, due to significantly higher revenues in interest rate products and credit products. These results were partially offset by significantly lower revenues in equity cash products and lower revenues in currencies, mortgages, equity derivative products and commodities.

Other principal transactions revenues in the consolidated statements of earnings were $3.20 billion for 2016, 36% lower than 2015, primarily due to significantly lower revenues from investments in equities, primarily reflecting a significant decrease in net gains from private equities, driven by company-specific events and corporate performance. In addition, revenues in debt securities and loans were significantly lower compared with 2015, reflecting significantly lower revenues related to relationship lending activities, due to the impact of changes in credit spreads on economic hedges. Losses related to these hedges were $596 million in 2016, compared with gains of $329 million in 2015. This decrease was partially offset by higher net gains from investments in debt instruments. See Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements for further information about economic hedges related to our relationship lending activities.

Net Interest Income. Net interest income in the consolidated statements of earnings was $2.59 billion for 2016, 16% lower than 2015, reflecting an increase in interest expense primarily due to the impact of higher interest rates on other interest-bearing liabilities, interest-bearing deposits and collateralized financings, and increases in total average long-term borrowings and total average interest-bearing deposits. The increase in interest expense was partially offset by higher interest income related to collateralized agreements, reflecting the impact of higher interest rates, and loans receivable, reflecting an increase in total average balances and the impact of higher interest rates. See “Statistical Disclosures — Distribution of Assets, Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity” for further information about our sources of net interest income.

2015 versus 2014

Net revenues in the consolidated statements of earnings were $33.82 billion for 2015, 2% lower than 2014, reflecting significantly lower other principal transactions revenues and net interest income, largely offset by higher market-making revenues and investment banking revenues, as well as slightly higher investment management revenues. Commissions and fees were essentially unchanged compared with 2014.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 55

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Non-Interest Revenues. Investment banking revenues in the consolidated statements of earnings were $7.03 billion for 2015, 9% higher than 2014, due to significantly higher revenues in financial advisory, reflecting strong client activity, particularly in the U.S. Industry-wide completed mergers and acquisitions increased significantly compared with the prior year. Revenues in underwriting were lower compared with a strong 2014. Revenues in debt underwriting were lower compared with 2014, reflecting significantly lower leveraged finance activity. Revenues in equity underwriting were also lower, reflecting significantly lower revenues from initial public offerings and convertible offerings, partially offset by significantly higher revenues from secondary offerings.

Investment management revenues in the consolidated statements of earnings were $5.87 billion for 2015, 2% higher than 2014, due to slightly higher management and other fees, primarily reflecting higher average assets under supervision, and higher transaction revenues.

Commissions and fees in the consolidated statements of earnings were $3.32 billion for 2015, essentially unchanged compared with 2014.

Market-making revenues in the consolidated statements of earnings were $9.52 billion for 2015, 14% higher than 2014. Excluding a gain of $289 million in 2014 related to the extinguishment of certain of our junior subordinated debt, market-making revenues were 18% higher than 2014, reflecting significantly higher revenues in interest rate products, currencies, equity cash products and equity derivatives. These increases were partially offset by significantly lower revenues in mortgages, commodities and credit products.

Other principal transactions revenues in the consolidated statements of earnings were $5.02 billion for 2015, 24% lower than 2014. This decrease was primarily due to lower revenues from investments in equities, principally reflecting the sale of Metro International Trade Services (Metro) in the fourth quarter of 2014 and lower net gains from investments in private equities, driven by corporate performance. In addition, revenues in debt securities and loans were significantly lower, reflecting lower net gains from investments.

Net Interest Income. Net interest income in the consolidated statements of earnings was $3.06 billion for 2015, 24% lower than 2014. The decrease compared with 2014 was due to lower interest income resulting from a reduction in interest income related to financial instruments owned, at fair value, partially offset by the impact of an increase in total average loans receivable. The decrease in interest income was partially offset by a decrease in interest expense, which primarily reflected lower interest expense related to financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value and other interest-bearing liabilities, partially offset by higher interest expense related to long-term borrowings. See “Supplemental Financial Information — Statistical Disclosures — Distribution of Assets, Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity” for further information about our sources of net interest income.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses are primarily influenced by compensation, headcount and levels of business activity. Compensation and benefits includes salaries, discretionary compensation, amortization of equity awards and other items such as benefits. Discretionary compensation is significantly impacted by, among other factors, the level of net revenues, overall financial performance, prevailing labor markets, business mix, the structure of our share-based compensation programs and the external environment. In addition, see “Use of Estimates” for additional information about expenses that may arise from litigation and regulatory proceedings.

In the context of the challenging environment during the first half of 2016, we completed an initiative that identified areas where we can operate more efficiently, resulting in a reduction of approximately $900 million in annual run rate compensation. For 2016, net savings from this initiative, after severance and other related costs, were approximately $500 million.

The table below presents our operating expenses and total staff (which includes employees, consultants and temporary staff).

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016	2015	2014
Compensation and benefits		$11,647	$12,678	$12,691
Brokerage, clearing, exchange and distribution fees		2,555	2,576	2,501
Market development		457	557	549
Communications and technology		809	806	779
Depreciation and amortization		998	991	1,337
Occupancy		788	772	827
Professional fees		882	963	902
Other expenses		2,168	5,699	2,585
Total non-compensation expenses		8,657	12,364	9,480
Total operating expenses		$20,304	$25,042	$22,171
Total staff at period-end		34,400	36,800	34,000

56 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

In the table above, other expenses for 2015 includes provisions of $3.37 billion recorded for the settlement agreement with the RMBS Working Group. See Note 27 to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of the 2015 Form 10-K for further information.

2016 versus 2015. Operating expenses in the consolidated statements of earnings were $20.30 billion for 2016, 19% lower than 2015. Compensation and benefits expenses in the consolidated statements of earnings were $11.65 billion for 2016, 8% lower than 2015, reflecting a decrease in net revenues and the impact of expense savings initiatives. The ratio of compensation and benefits to net revenues for 2016 was 38.1% compared with 37.5% for 2015. Total staff decreased 7% during 2016, due to expense savings initiatives.

Non-compensation expenses in the consolidated statements of earnings were $8.66 billion for 2016, 30% lower than 2015, primarily due to significantly lower net provisions for mortgage-related litigation and regulatory matters, which are included in other expenses. In addition, market development expenses and professional fees were lower compared with 2015, reflecting expense savings initiatives. Net provisions for litigation and regulatory proceedings for 2016 were $396 million compared with $4.01 billion for 2015 (2015 primarily related to net provisions for mortgage-related matters). 2016 included a $114 million charitable contribution to Goldman Sachs Gives, our donor-advised fund. Compensation was reduced to fund this charitable contribution to Goldman Sachs Gives. We ask our participating managing directors to make recommendations regarding potential charitable recipients for this contribution.

2015 versus 2014. Operating expenses in the consolidated statements of earnings were $25.04 billion for 2015, 13% higher than 2014. Compensation and benefits expenses in the consolidated statements of earnings were $12.68 billion for 2015, essentially unchanged compared with 2014. The ratio of compensation and benefits to net revenues for 2015 was 37.5% compared with 36.8% for 2014. Total staff increased 8% during 2015, primarily due to activity levels in certain businesses and continued investment in regulatory compliance.

Non-compensation expenses in the consolidated statements of earnings were $12.36 billion for 2015, 30% higher than 2014, due to significantly higher net provisions for mortgage-related litigation and regulatory matters, which are included in other expenses. This increase was partially offset by lower depreciation and amortization expenses, primarily reflecting lower impairment charges related to consolidated investments, and a reduction in expenses related to the sale of Metro in the fourth quarter of 2014. Net provisions for litigation and regulatory proceedings for 2015 were $4.01 billion compared with $754 million for 2014 (both primarily comprised of net provisions for mortgage-related matters). 2015 included a $148 million charitable contribution to Goldman Sachs Gives, our donor-advised fund. Compensation was reduced to fund this charitable contribution to Goldman Sachs Gives. We ask our participating managing directors to make recommendations regarding potential charitable recipients for this contribution.

Provision for Taxes

The effective income tax rate for 2016 was 28.2%, down from 30.7% for 2015. The decline compared with 2015 was primarily due to the impact of non-deductible provisions for mortgage-related litigation and regulatory matters in 2015, partially offset by the impact of changes in tax law on deferred tax assets, the mix of earnings and an increase related to higher enacted tax rates impacting certain of our U.K. subsidiaries in 2016.

The effective income tax rate for 2015 was 30.7%, down from 31.4% for 2014. The decline compared with 2014 reflected reductions related to a change in the mix of earnings, the impact of changes in tax law on deferred tax assets, settlements of tax audits and the determination that certain non-U.S. earnings would be permanently reinvested abroad, and an increase related to the impact of non-deductible provisions for mortgage-related litigation and regulatory matters.

In September 2016, the U.K. government enacted a budget that will reduce the corporate income tax base rate by 1 percentage point effective April 1, 2020. During 2016, we remeasured deferred income tax assets accordingly. This change did not have a material impact on our effective tax rate for the year ended December 2016, and we do not expect it to have a material impact on our future effective tax rate.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 57

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

In October 2016, the U.S. Department of the Treasury issued rules under Section 385 of the Internal Revenue Code that could, in some circumstances, re-characterize debt as equity for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The rules contain exclusions applicable to, among other things, debt instruments issued by regulated financial companies, non-U.S. subsidiaries, certain U.S. subsidiaries where the holder of the debt instrument is included in a consolidated U.S. tax return, and ordinary business transactions. The rules also contain exclusions applicable to members of a regulated financial group other than subsidiaries held under the merchant banking authority, grandfathered commodities, or complementary activities under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956. These exceptions would exclude from re-characterization substantially all debt instruments issued by us. We do not expect these rules to have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations, effective income tax rate or cash flows.

Segment Operating Results

The table below presents the net revenues, operating expenses and pre-tax earnings of our segments.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016	2015	2014
Investment Banking
Net revenues		$  6,273	$  7,027	$  6,464
Operating expenses		3,437	3,713	3,688
Pre-tax earnings		$  2,836	$  3,314	$  2,776
Institutional Client Services
Net revenues		$14,467	$15,151	$15,197
Operating expenses		9,713	13,938	10,880
Pre-tax earnings		$  4,754	$  1,213	$  4,317
Investing & Lending
Net revenues		$  4,080	$  5,436	$  6,825
Operating expenses		2,386	2,402	2,819
Pre-tax earnings		$  1,694	$  3,034	$  4,006
Investment Management
Net revenues		$  5,788	$  6,206	$  6,042
Operating expenses		4,654	4,841	4,647
Pre-tax earnings		$  1,134	$  1,365	$  1,395
Total net revenues		$30,608	$33,820	$34,528
Total operating expenses		20,304	25,042	22,171
Total pre-tax earnings		$10,304	$  8,778	$12,357

In the table above:

• Operating expenses includes provisions of $3.37 billion recorded in Institutional Client Services during 2015 for the settlement agreement with the RMBS Working Group. See Note 27 to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of the 2015 Form 10-K for further information.

• All operating expenses have been allocated to our segments except for charitable contributions of $114 million for 2016, $148 million for 2015 and $137 million for 2014.

Net revenues in our segments include allocations of interest income and interest expense to specific securities, commodities and other positions in relation to the cash generated by, or funding requirements of, such underlying positions. See Note 25 to the consolidated financial statements for further information about our business segments.

Our cost drivers taken as a whole, compensation, headcount and levels of business activity, are broadly similar in each of our business segments. Compensation and benefits expenses within our segments reflect, among other factors, our overall performance, as well as the performance of individual businesses. Consequently, pre-tax margins in one segment of our business may be significantly affected by the performance of our other business segments. A description of segment operating results follows.

Investment Banking

Our Investment Banking segment is comprised of:

Financial Advisory. Includes strategic advisory assignments with respect to mergers and acquisitions, divestitures, corporate defense activities, restructurings, spin-offs, risk management and derivative transactions directly related to these client advisory assignments.

Underwriting. Includes public offerings and private placements, including local and cross-border transactions and acquisition financing, of a wide range of securities and other financial instruments, including loans, and derivative transactions directly related to these client underwriting activities.

The table below presents the operating results of our Investment Banking segment.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016	2015	2014
Financial Advisory		$2,932	$3,470	$2,474
Equity underwriting		891	1,546	1,750
Debt underwriting		2,450	2,011	2,240
Total Underwriting		3,341	3,557	3,990
Total net revenues		6,273	7,027	6,464
Operating expenses		3,437	3,713	3,688
Pre-tax earnings		$2,836	$3,314	$2,776

The table below presents our financial advisory and underwriting transaction volumes (Source: Thomson Reuters).

	Year Ended December
$ in billions		2016	2015	2014
Announced mergers and acquisitions		$   994	$1,472	$   934
Completed mergers and acquisitions		1,170	1,109	665
Equity and equity-related offerings		47	72	78
Debt offerings		282	253	281

58 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

In the table above:

• Announced and completed mergers and acquisitions volumes are based on full credit to each of the advisors in a transaction. Equity and equity-related offerings and debt offerings are based on full credit for single book managers and equal credit for joint book managers. Transaction volumes may not be indicative of net revenues in a given period. In addition, transaction volumes for prior periods may vary from amounts previously reported due to the subsequent withdrawal or a change in the value of a transaction.

• Equity and equity-related offerings includes Rule 144A and public common stock offerings, convertible offerings and rights offerings.

• Debt offerings includes non-convertible preferred stock, mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities and taxable municipal debt. Includes publicly registered and Rule 144A issues. Excludes leveraged loans.

Operating Environment. In mergers and acquisitions, industry-wide completed activity remained strong for 2016 and industry-wide announced activity continued to be robust for most of the year, but both declined for the industry compared with the level of activity during 2015. In underwriting, industry-wide equity underwriting volumes decreased significantly compared with 2015, due to a continued weak backdrop for new issuances. This compares with strong activity levels in 2015, which benefited from favorable equity market conditions during the first half of the year. Industry-wide debt underwriting volumes during 2016 increased compared with 2015. In the future, if industry-wide activity levels in mergers and acquisitions or equity underwriting continue the downward trend or if industry-wide activity levels in debt underwriting decline, net revenues in Investment Banking would likely continue to be negatively impacted.

During 2015, Investment Banking operated in an environment characterized by strong industry-wide mergers and acquisitions activity. Industry-wide activity in both debt and equity underwriting declined compared with 2014.

2016 versus 2015. Net revenues in Investment Banking were $6.27 billion for 2016, 11% lower compared with a strong 2015.

Net revenues in Financial Advisory were $2.93 billion, 16% lower compared with a strong 2015, reflecting a decrease in industry-wide transactions. Net revenues in Underwriting were $3.34 billion, 6% lower compared with a strong 2015, due to significantly lower net revenues in equity underwriting, reflecting a decrease in industry-wide volumes. Net revenues in debt underwriting were significantly higher, reflecting significantly higher net revenues from asset-backed activity and higher net revenues from leveraged finance activity.

Operating expenses were $3.44 billion for 2016, 7% lower than 2015, due to decreased compensation and benefits expenses, reflecting lower net revenues. Pre-tax earnings were $2.84 billion in 2016, 14% lower than 2015.

As of December 2016, our investment banking transaction backlog was lower compared with a strong level of backlog at the end of 2015, primarily due to lower estimated net revenues from potential advisory transactions and significantly lower estimated net revenues from potential debt underwriting transactions, principally reflecting decreases in mergers and acquisitions activity and acquisition-related financing, respectively. Estimated net revenues from potential equity underwriting transactions were slightly lower compared with the end of 2015.

Our investment banking transaction backlog represents an estimate of our future net revenues from investment banking transactions where we believe that future revenue realization is more likely than not. We believe changes in our investment banking transaction backlog may be a useful indicator of client activity levels which, over the long term, impact our net revenues. However, the time frame for completion and corresponding revenue recognition of transactions in our backlog varies based on the nature of the assignment, as certain transactions may remain in our backlog for longer periods of time and others may enter and leave within the same reporting period. In addition, our transaction backlog is subject to certain limitations, such as assumptions about the likelihood that individual client transactions will occur in the future. Transactions may be cancelled or modified, and transactions not included in the estimate may also occur.

2015 versus 2014. Net revenues in Investment Banking were $7.03 billion for 2015, 9% higher than 2014.

Net revenues in Financial Advisory were $3.47 billion, 40% higher than 2014, reflecting strong client activity, particularly in the U.S. Industry-wide completed mergers and acquisitions increased significantly compared with the prior year. Net revenues in Underwriting were $3.56 billion, 11% lower compared with a strong 2014. Net revenues in debt underwriting were lower compared with 2014, reflecting significantly lower leveraged finance activity. Net revenues in equity underwriting were also lower, reflecting significantly lower net revenues from initial public offerings and convertible offerings, partially offset by significantly higher net revenues from secondary offerings.

Operating expenses were $3.71 billion for 2015, essentially unchanged compared with 2014. Pre-tax earnings were $3.31 billion in 2015, 19% higher than 2014.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 59

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

As of December 2015, our investment banking transaction backlog was higher compared with the end of 2014, primarily due to significantly higher estimated net revenues from potential debt underwriting transactions, principally related to leveraged finance transactions, and higher estimated net revenues from potential advisory transactions, reflecting the continued high level of mergers and acquisitions activity. Estimated net revenues from potential equity underwriting transactions were slightly higher compared with the end of 2014.

Institutional Client Services

Our Institutional Client Services segment is comprised of:

Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution. Includes client execution activities related to making markets in both cash and derivative instruments for interest rate products, credit products, mortgages, currencies and commodities.

• Interest Rate Products. Government bonds (including inflation-linked securities) across maturities, other government-backed securities, repurchase agreements, and interest rate swaps, options and other derivatives.

• Credit Products. Investment-grade corporate securities, high-yield securities, credit derivatives, exchange-traded funds, bank and bridge loans, municipal securities, emerging market and distressed debt, and trade claims.

• Mortgages. Commercial mortgage-related securities, loans and derivatives, residential mortgage-related securities, loans and derivatives (including U.S. government agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations and other securities and loans), and other asset-backed securities, loans and derivatives.

• Currencies. Currency options, spot/forwards and other derivatives on G-10 currencies and emerging-market products.

• Commodities. Commodity derivatives and, to a lesser extent, physical commodities, involving crude oil and petroleum products, natural gas, base, precious and other metals, electricity, coal, agricultural and other commodity products.

Equities. Includes client execution activities related to making markets in equity products and commissions and fees from executing and clearing institutional client transactions on major stock, options and futures exchanges worldwide, as well as OTC transactions. Equities also includes our securities services business, which provides financing, securities lending and other prime brokerage services to institutional clients, including hedge funds, mutual funds, pension funds and foundations, and generates revenues primarily in the form of interest rate spreads or fees.

As a market maker, we facilitate transactions in both liquid and less liquid markets, primarily for institutional clients, such as corporations, financial institutions, investment funds and governments, to assist clients in meeting their investment objectives and in managing their risks. In this role, we seek to earn the difference between the price at which a market participant is willing to sell an instrument to us and the price at which another market participant is willing to buy it from us, and vice versa (i.e., bid/offer spread). In addition, we maintain inventory, typically for a short period of time, in response to, or in anticipation of, client demand. We also hold inventory to actively manage our risk exposures that arise from these market-making activities. Our market-making inventory is recorded in financial instruments owned, at fair value (long positions) or financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value (short positions) in our consolidated statements of financial condition.

Our results are influenced by a combination of interconnected drivers, including (i) client activity levels and transactional bid/offer spreads (collectively, client activity), and (ii) changes in the fair value of our inventory and interest income and interest expense related to the holding, hedging and funding of our inventory (collectively, market-making inventory changes). Due to the integrated nature of our market-making activities, disaggregation of net revenues into client activity and market-making inventory changes is judgmental and has inherent complexities and limitations.

The amount and composition of our net revenues vary over time as these drivers are impacted by multiple interrelated factors affecting economic and market conditions, including volatility and liquidity in the market, changes in interest rates, currency exchange rates, credit spreads, equity prices and commodity prices, investor confidence, and other macroeconomic concerns and uncertainties.

In general, assuming all other market-making conditions remain constant, increases in client activity levels or bid/offer spreads tend to result in increases in net revenues, and decreases tend to have the opposite effect. However, changes in market-making conditions can materially impact client activity levels and bid/offer spreads, as well as the fair value of our inventory. For example, a decrease in liquidity in the market could have the impact of (i) increasing our bid/offer spread, (ii) decreasing investor confidence and thereby decreasing client activity levels, and (iii) wider credit spreads on our inventory positions.

60 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

The table below presents the operating results of our Institutional Client Services segment.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016	2015	2014
Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution		$  7,556	$  7,322	$  8,461
Equities client execution		2,194	3,028	2,079
Commissions and fees		3,078	3,156	3,153
Securities services		1,639	1,645	1,504
Total Equities		6,911	7,829	6,736
Total net revenues		14,467	15,151	15,197
Operating expenses		9,713	13,938	10,880
Pre-tax earnings		$  4,754	$  1,213	$  4,317

The table below presents the net revenues of our Institutional Client Services segment by line item in the consolidated statements of earnings. See “Net Revenues” above for further information about market-making revenues, commissions and fees and net interest income.

$ in millions	Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution	Total Equities	Institutional Client Services
Year Ended December 2016
Market making	$  6,803	$  3,130	$  9,933
Commissions and fees	—	3,078	3,078
Net interest income	753	703	1,456
Total net revenues	$  7,556	$  6,911	$14,467
Year Ended December 2015
Market making	$  5,893	$  3,630	$  9,523
Commissions and fees	—	3,156	3,156
Net interest income	1,429	1,043	2,472
Total net revenues	$  7,322	$  7,829	$15,151
Year Ended December 2014
Market making	$  5,623	$  2,742	$  8,365
Commissions and fees	—	3,153	3,153
Net interest income	2,838	841	3,679
Total net revenues	$  8,461	$  6,736	$15,197

In the table above:

• The difference between commissions and fees and those in the consolidated statements of earnings represents commissions and fees included in our Investment Management segment.

• See Note 25 to the consolidated financial statements for net interest income by business segment.

• The primary driver of net revenues for Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution, for the periods in the table above, was attributable to client activity.

Operating Environment. Challenging trends in the operating environment for Institutional Client Services that existed throughout the second half of 2015 continued during the first quarter of 2016, including concerns and uncertainties about global economic growth and central bank activity. These concerns contributed to significant price pressure across both equity and fixed income markets. Volatility peaked in February with the VIX reaching over 28, and global equity markets materially declined during the first half of the first quarter with the Dow Jones Industrial Average, Shanghai Composite Index, and Nikkei 225 Index down 10%, 25% and 21%, respectively, at their lowest points. Credit spreads for high-yield issuers widened over 100 basis points early in the first quarter, driven by the energy sector, and oil and natural gas prices continued their downward trend that began during the middle of 2015, reaching as low as $26 per barrel (WTI) and $1.64 per million British thermal units, respectively. Concerns about global economic growth moderated at the beginning of the second quarter, however the market became increasingly focused on the political uncertainty and economic implications surrounding the potential exit of the U.K. from the E.U. In response to the “leave vote,” the MSCI World Index declined 7% in two days and volumes generally spiked, both of which largely reversed shortly thereafter. In addition, the Nikkei 225 Index and the Shanghai Composite Index were down 18% and 17%, respectively, during the first half of 2016. This challenging environment, including low interest rates, impacted client sentiment and risk appetite, and market-making conditions remained difficult.

During the second half of 2016, the operating environment improved, as global equity markets steadily increased, with the MSCI World Index up 6% and the S&P 500 Index up 7% during the period. In addition, equity markets in Asia generally rebounded, with the Nikkei 225 Index up 23% and the Shanghai Composite Index up 6%. Average volatility in equity markets was lower during the second half of 2016 compared with the beginning of the year. In credit and commodity markets, U.S. investment grade and high-yield credit spreads tightened by nearly 40 basis points and over 150 basis points, respectively, during the second half of 2016, and oil and natural gas prices increased to approximately $54 per barrel (WTI) and $3.72 per million British thermal units, respectively. These trends drove improved client sentiment and market-making conditions during the second half of 2016. If the trend of macroeconomic concerns continues over the long term and activity levels decline, net revenues in Institutional Client Services would likely continue to be negatively impacted. See “Business Environment” above for further information about economic and market conditions in the global operating environment during the year.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 61

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

During 2015, the operating environment for Institutional Client Services was positively impacted by diverging central bank monetary policies in the U.S. and the Euro area in the first quarter, as increased volatility levels contributed to strong client activity levels in currencies, interest rate products and equity products, and market-making conditions improved. However, during the remainder of 2015, concerns about global growth and uncertainty about the U.S. Federal Reserve’s interest rate policy, along with lower global equity prices, widening high-yield credit spreads and declining commodity prices, contributed to lower levels of client activity, particularly in mortgages and credit, and more difficult market-making conditions.

2016 versus 2015. Net revenues in Institutional Client Services were $14.47 billion for 2016, 5% lower than 2015.

Net revenues in Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution were $7.56 billion for 2016, 3% higher than 2015. This increase was primarily driven by the impact of changes in market-making conditions on our inventory.

The following provides details of our Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution net revenues by business, compared with 2015 results:

• Net revenues in credit products were significantly higher, reflecting improved market-making conditions, including generally tighter spreads, and higher client activity levels compared with low activity in 2015.

• Net revenues in interest rate products were higher, reflecting higher client activity levels.

• Net revenues in mortgages were significantly lower, reflecting less favorable market-making conditions, including generally wider spreads.

• Net revenues in currencies were lower, reflecting less favorable market-making conditions in emerging markets products compared with 2015, which included a strong first quarter of 2015.

• Net revenues in commodities were lower, reflecting significantly lower client activity.

Net revenues in Equities were $6.91 billion, 12% lower than 2015, primarily due to significantly lower net revenues in equities client execution, reflecting significantly lower net revenues in cash products, primarily in Asia, as well as lower net revenues in derivatives. Commissions and fees were slightly lower, reflecting lower listed cash equity volumes in Asia and Europe, consistent with market volumes in these regions, and net revenues in securities services were essentially unchanged compared with 2015.

We elect the fair value option for certain unsecured borrowings. For 2015, the fair value net gain attributable to the impact of changes in our credit spreads on these borrowings was $255 million ($214 million and $41 million related to Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution and equities client execution, respectively). For 2016, we adopted the requirement in ASU No. 2016-01 to present separately such gains and losses in other comprehensive income. The amount included in accumulated other comprehensive loss for 2016 was a loss of $844 million ($544 million, net of tax). See Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements for further information about ASU No. 2016-01.

Operating expenses were $9.71 billion for 2016, 30% lower than 2015, primarily due to significantly lower net provisions for mortgage-related litigation and regulatory matters, and decreased compensation and benefits expenses, reflecting lower net revenues. Pre-tax earnings were $4.75 billion in 2016 compared with $1.21 billion in 2015.

2015 versus 2014. Net revenues in Institutional Client Services were $15.15 billion for 2015, essentially unchanged compared with 2014.

Net revenues in Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution were $7.32 billion for 2015, 13% lower than 2014. Excluding a gain of $168 million in 2014 related to the extinguishment of certain of our junior subordinated debt, net revenues in Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution were 12% lower than 2014. This decrease was primarily driven by the impact of changes in market-making conditions on our inventory.

The following provides details of our Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution net revenues by business, compared with 2014 results:

• Net revenues in mortgages and credit products were both significantly lower, reflecting challenging market-making conditions and generally low levels of activity during 2015.

• Net revenues in commodities were significantly lower, primarily reflecting less favorable market-making conditions compared with 2014, which included a strong first quarter of 2014.

• Net revenues in interest rate products and currencies were both significantly higher, reflecting higher volatility levels which contributed to higher client activity levels, particularly during the first quarter of 2015.

62 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Net revenues in Equities were $7.83 billion for 2015, 16% higher than 2014. Excluding a gain of $121 million ($30 million and $91 million included in equities client execution and securities services, respectively) in 2014 related to the extinguishment of certain of our junior subordinated debt, net revenues in Equities were 18% higher than 2014, primarily due to significantly higher net revenues in equities client execution across the major regions, reflecting significantly higher results in both derivatives and cash products, and higher net revenues in securities services, reflecting the impact of higher average customer balances and improved securities lending spreads. Commissions and fees were essentially unchanged compared with 2014.

We elect the fair value option for certain unsecured borrowings. The fair value net gain attributable to the impact of changes in our credit spreads on these borrowings was $255 million ($214 million and $41 million related to Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution and equities client execution, respectively) for 2015, compared with a net gain of $144 million ($108 million and $36 million related to Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution and equities client execution, respectively) for 2014.

Operating expenses were $13.94 billion for 2015, 28% higher than 2014, due to significantly higher net provisions for mortgage-related litigation and regulatory matters, partially offset by decreased compensation and benefits expenses. Pre-tax earnings were $1.21 billion in 2015, 72% lower than 2014.

Investing & Lending

Investing & Lending includes our investing activities and the origination of loans, including our relationship lending activities, to provide financing to clients. These investments and loans are typically longer-term in nature. We make investments, some of which are consolidated, directly and indirectly through funds that we manage, in debt securities and loans, public and private equity securities, infrastructure and real estate entities. We also make unsecured loans to individuals through our online platform.

The table below presents the operating results of our Investing & Lending segment.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016	2015	2014
Equity securities		$2,573	$3,781	$4,579
Debt securities and loans		1,507	1,655	2,246
Total net revenues		4,080	5,436	6,825
Operating expenses		2,386	2,402	2,819
Pre-tax earnings		$1,694	$3,034	$4,006

Operating Environment. Following difficult market conditions and the impact of a challenging macroeconomic environment on corporate performance, particularly in the energy sector, in the first quarter of 2016, market conditions improved during the rest of the year as macroeconomic concerns moderated. Global equity markets increased during 2016, contributing to net gains from investments in public equities, and corporate performance rebounded from the difficult start to the year. If macroeconomic concerns negatively affect corporate performance or company-specific events, or if global equity markets decline, net revenues in Investing & Lending would likely be negatively impacted.

Although net revenues in Investing & Lending for 2015 benefited from favorable company-specific events, including sales, initial public offerings and financings, a decline in global equity prices and widening high-yield credit spreads during the second half of 2015 impacted results.

2016 versus 2015. Net revenues in Investing & Lending were $4.08 billion for 2016, 25% lower than 2015. This decrease was primarily due to significantly lower net revenues from investments in equities, primarily reflecting a significant decrease in net gains from private equities, driven by company-specific events and corporate performance. In addition, net revenues in debt securities and loans were lower compared with 2015, reflecting significantly lower net revenues related to relationship lending activities, due to the impact of changes in credit spreads on economic hedges. Losses related to these hedges were $596 million in 2016, compared with gains of $329 million in 2015. This decrease was partially offset by higher net gains from investments in debt instruments and higher net interest income. See Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements for further information about economic hedges related to our relationship lending activities.

Operating expenses were $2.39 billion for 2016, essentially unchanged compared with 2015. Pre-tax earnings were $1.69 billion in 2016, 44% lower than 2015.

2015 versus 2014. Net revenues in Investing & Lending were $5.44 billion for 2015, 20% lower than 2014. This decrease was primarily due to lower net revenues from investments in equities, principally reflecting the sale of Metro in the fourth quarter of 2014 and lower net gains from investments in private equities, driven by corporate performance. In addition, net revenues in debt securities and loans were significantly lower, reflecting lower net gains from investments.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 63

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Operating expenses were $2.40 billion for 2015, 15% lower than 2014, due to lower depreciation and amortization expenses, primarily reflecting lower impairment charges related to consolidated investments, and a reduction in expenses related to the sale of Metro in the fourth quarter of 2014. Pre-tax earnings were $3.03 billion in 2015, 24% lower than 2014.

Investment Management

Investment Management provides investment management services and offers investment products (primarily through separately managed accounts and commingled vehicles, such as mutual funds and private investment funds) across all major asset classes to a diverse set of institutional and individual clients. Investment Management also offers wealth advisory services, including portfolio management and financial counseling, and brokerage and other transaction services to high-net-worth individuals and families.

Assets under supervision (AUS) include client assets where we earn a fee for managing assets on a discretionary basis. This includes net assets in our mutual funds, hedge funds, credit funds and private equity funds (including real estate funds), and separately managed accounts for institutional and individual investors. Assets under supervision also include client assets invested with third-party managers, bank deposits and advisory relationships where we earn a fee for advisory and other services, but do not have investment discretion. Assets under supervision do not include the self-directed brokerage assets of our clients. Long-term assets under supervision represent assets under supervision excluding liquidity products. Liquidity products represent money market and bank deposit assets.

Assets under supervision typically generate fees as a percentage of net asset value, which vary by asset class and distribution channel and are affected by investment performance as well as asset inflows and redemptions. Asset classes such as alternative investment and equity assets typically generate higher fees relative to fixed income and liquidity product assets. The average effective management fee (which excludes non-asset-based fees) we earned on our assets under supervision was 35 basis points for 2016, 39 basis points for 2015 and 40 basis points for 2014. These decreases reflected shifts in the mix of client assets and strategies.

In certain circumstances, we are also entitled to receive incentive fees based on a percentage of a fund’s or a separately managed account’s return, or when the return exceeds a specified benchmark or other performance targets. Incentive fees are recognized only when all material contingencies are resolved.

The table below presents the operating results of our Investment Management segment.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016	2015	2014
Management and other fees		$4,798	$4,887	$4,800
Incentive fees		421	780	776
Transaction revenues		569	539	466
Total net revenues		5,788	6,206	6,042
Operating expenses		4,654	4,841	4,647
Pre-tax earnings		$1,134	$1,365	$1,395

The tables below present our period-end assets under supervision by asset class and by distribution channel.

	As of December
$ in billions		2016	2015	2014
Asset Class
Alternative investments		$   154	$   148	$   143
Equity		266	252	236
Fixed income		601	546	516
Total long-term assets under supervision		1,021	946	895
Liquidity products		358	306	283
Total assets under supervision		$1,379	$1,252	$1,178
Distribution Channel
Institutional		$   511	$   471	$   412
High-net-worth individuals		413	369	363
Third-party distributed		455	412	403
Total		$1,379	$1,252	$1,178

In the table above, alternative investments primarily includes hedge funds, credit funds, private equity, real estate, currencies, commodities and asset allocation strategies.

The table below presents a summary of the changes in our assets under supervision.

	Year Ended December
$ in billions		2016		2015		2014
Beginning balance		$1,252		$1,178		$1,042
Net inflows/(outflows)
Alternative investments		5		7		1
Equity		(3	)	23		15
Fixed income		40		41		58
Total long-term AUS net inflows/(outflows)		42		71		74
Liquidity products		52		23		37
Total AUS net inflows/(outflows)		94		94		111
Net market appreciation/(depreciation)		33		(20	)	25
Ending balance		$1,379		$1,252		$1,178

In the table above:

• Total long-term AUS net inflows/(outflows) for 2015 includes $18 billion of fixed income, equity and alternative investments asset inflows in connection with our acquisition of Pacific Global Advisors’ solutions business.

64 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

• Total AUS net inflows/(outflows) for 2014 includes $19 billion of fixed income asset inflows in connection with our acquisition of Deutsche Asset & Wealth Management’s stable value business and $6 billion of liquidity products inflows in connection with our acquisition of RBS Asset Management’s money market funds.

The table below presents our average monthly assets under supervision by asset class.

	Average for the Year Ended December
$ in billions		2016	2015	2014
Alternative investments		$   149	$   145	$   145
Equity		256	247	225
Fixed income		578	530	499
Total long-term assets under supervision		983	922	869
Liquidity products		326	272	248
Total assets under supervision		$1,309	$1,194	$1,117

Operating Environment. Following a challenging first quarter of 2016, market conditions continued to improve with higher asset prices resulting in full year appreciation in our client assets in both equity and fixed income assets. Also, our assets under supervision increased during 2016 from net inflows, primarily in fixed income assets, and liquidity products. The mix of our average assets under supervision shifted slightly compared with 2015 from long-term assets under supervision to liquidity products. Management fees have been impacted by many factors, including inflows to advisory services and outflows from actively-managed mutual funds. In the future, if asset prices decline, or investors continue the trend of favoring assets that typically generate lower fees or investors withdraw their assets, net revenues in Investment Management would likely be negatively impacted.

During 2015, Investment Management operated in an environment generally characterized by strong client net inflows, which more than offset the declines in equity and fixed income asset prices, which resulted in depreciation in the value of client assets, particularly in the third quarter of 2015. The mix of average assets under supervision shifted slightly from long-term assets under supervision to liquidity products compared with 2014.

2016 versus 2015. Net revenues in Investment Management were $5.79 billion for 2016, 7% lower than 2015. This decrease primarily reflected significantly lower incentive fees compared with a strong 2015. In addition, management and other fees were slightly lower, reflecting shifts in the mix of client assets and strategies, partially offset by the impact of higher average assets under supervision. During the year, total assets under supervision increased $127 billion to $1.38 trillion. Long-term assets under supervision increased $75 billion, including net inflows of $42 billion, primarily in fixed income assets, and net market appreciation of $33 billion, primarily in equity and fixed income assets. In addition, liquidity products increased $52 billion.

Operating expenses were $4.65 billion for 2016, 4% lower than 2015, due to decreased compensation and benefits expenses, reflecting lower net revenues. Pre-tax earnings were $1.13 billion in 2016, 17% lower than 2015.

2015 versus 2014. Net revenues in Investment Management were $6.21 billion for 2015, 3% higher than 2014, due to slightly higher management and other fees, primarily reflecting higher average assets under supervision, and higher transaction revenues. During 2015, total assets under supervision increased $74 billion to $1.25 trillion. Long-term assets under supervision increased $51 billion, including net inflows of $71 billion (which includes $18 billion of asset inflows in connection with our acquisition of Pacific Global Advisors’ solutions business), and net market depreciation of $20 billion, both primarily in fixed income and equity assets. In addition, liquidity products increased $23 billion.

Operating expenses were $4.84 billion for 2015, 4% higher than 2014, due to increased compensation and benefits expenses, reflecting higher net revenues. Pre-tax earnings were $1.37 billion in 2015, 2% lower than 2014.

Geographic Data

See Note 25 to the consolidated financial statements for a summary of our total net revenues, pre-tax earnings and net earnings by geographic region.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 65

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Balance Sheet and Funding Sources

Balance Sheet Management

One of our risk management disciplines is our ability to manage the size and composition of our balance sheet. While our asset base changes due to client activity, market fluctuations and business opportunities, the size and composition of our balance sheet also reflects factors including (i) our overall risk tolerance, (ii) the amount of equity capital we hold and (iii) our funding profile, among other factors. See “Equity Capital Management and Regulatory Capital — Equity Capital Management” for information about our equity capital management process.

Although our balance sheet fluctuates on a day-to-day basis, our total assets at quarter-end and year-end dates are generally not materially different from those occurring within our reporting periods.

In order to ensure appropriate risk management, we seek to maintain a sufficiently liquid balance sheet and have processes in place to dynamically manage our assets and liabilities which include (i) balance sheet planning, (ii) business-specific limits, (iii) monitoring of key metrics and (iv) scenario analyses.

Balance Sheet Planning. We prepare a balance sheet plan that combines our projected total assets and composition of assets with our expected funding sources over a one-year time horizon. This plan is reviewed semi-annually and may be adjusted in response to changing business needs or market conditions. The objectives of this planning process are:

• To develop our balance sheet projections, taking into account the general state of the financial markets and expected business activity levels, as well as regulatory requirements;

• To allow business risk managers and managers from our independent control and support functions to objectively evaluate balance sheet limit requests from business managers in the context of our overall balance sheet constraints, including our liability profile and equity capital levels, and key metrics; and

• To inform the target amount, tenor and type of funding to raise, based on our projected assets and contractual maturities.

Business risk managers and managers from our independent control and support functions meet with business managers to review current and prior period information and discuss expectations for the year to prepare our balance sheet plan. The specific information reviewed includes asset and liability size and composition, limit utilization, risk and performance measures, and capital usage.

Our consolidated balance sheet plan, including our balance sheets by business, funding projections, and projected key metrics, is reviewed and approved by the Firmwide Finance Committee. See “Overview and Structure of Risk Management” for an overview of our risk management structure.

Business-Specific Limits. The Firmwide Finance Committee sets asset and liability limits for each business. These limits are set at levels which are close to actual operating levels, rather than at levels which reflect our maximum risk appetite, in order to ensure prompt escalation and discussion among business managers and managers in our independent control and support functions on a routine basis. The Firmwide Finance Committee reviews and approves balance sheet limits on a semi-annual basis and may also approve changes in limits on a more frequent basis in response to changing business needs or market conditions. In addition, the Risk Governance Committee sets aged inventory limits for certain financial instruments as a disincentive to hold inventory over longer periods of time. Requests for changes in limits are evaluated after giving consideration to their impact on key firm metrics. Compliance with limits is monitored on a daily basis by business risk managers, as well as managers in our independent control and support functions.

Monitoring of Key Metrics. We monitor key balance sheet metrics daily both by business and on a consolidated basis, including asset and liability size and composition, limit utilization and risk measures. We allocate assets to businesses and review and analyze movements resulting from new business activity as well as market fluctuations.

66 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Scenario Analyses. We conduct various scenario analyses including as part of the Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (CCAR) and Dodd-Frank Act Stress Tests (DFAST), as well as our resolution and recovery planning. See “Equity Capital Management and Regulatory Capital — Equity Capital Management” below for further information about these scenario analyses. These scenarios cover short-term and long-term time horizons using various macroeconomic and firm-specific assumptions, based on a range of economic scenarios. We use these analyses to assist us in developing our longer-term balance sheet management strategy, including the level and composition of assets, funding and equity capital. Additionally, these analyses help us develop approaches for maintaining appropriate funding, liquidity and capital across a variety of situations, including a severely stressed environment.

Balance Sheet Allocation

In addition to preparing our consolidated statements of financial condition in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we prepare a balance sheet that generally allocates assets to our businesses, which is a non-GAAP presentation and may not be comparable to similar non-GAAP presentations used by other companies. We believe that presenting our assets on this basis is meaningful because it is consistent with the way management views and manages risks associated with our assets and better enables investors to assess the liquidity of our assets.

The table below presents our balance sheet allocation.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Global Core Liquid Assets (GCLA)		$226,066	$199,120
Other cash		9,088	9,180
GCLA and cash		235,154	208,300
Secured client financing		199,387	221,325
Inventory		206,988	208,836
Secured financing agreements		65,606	63,495
Receivables		29,592	39,976
Institutional Client Services		302,186	312,307
Public equity		3,224	3,991
Private equity		18,224	16,985
Debt		21,675	23,216
Loans receivable		49,672	45,407
Other		5,162	4,646
Investing & Lending		97,957	94,245
Total inventory and related assets		400,143	406,552
Other assets		25,481	25,218
Total assets		$860,165	$861,395

The following is a description of the captions in the table above:

• Global Core Liquid Assets and Cash. We maintain liquidity to meet a broad range of potential cash outflows and collateral needs in a stressed environment. See “Liquidity Risk Management” below for details on the composition and sizing of our “Global Core Liquid Assets” (GCLA). In addition to our GCLA, we maintain other unrestricted operating cash balances, primarily for use in specific currencies, entities, or jurisdictions where we do not have immediate access to parent company liquidity.

• Secured Client Financing. We provide collateralized financing for client positions, including margin loans secured by client collateral, securities borrowed, and resale agreements primarily collateralized by government obligations. We segregate cash and securities for regulatory and other purposes related to client activity. Securities are segregated from our own inventory as well as from collateral obtained through securities borrowed or resale agreements. Our secured client financing arrangements, which are generally short-term, are accounted for at fair value or at amounts that approximate fair value, and include daily margin requirements to mitigate counterparty credit risk.

• Institutional Client Services. In Institutional Client Services, we maintain inventory positions to facilitate market making in fixed income, equity, currency and commodity products. Additionally, as part of market-making activities, we enter into resale or securities borrowing arrangements to obtain securities or use our own inventory to cover transactions in which we or our clients have sold securities that have not yet been purchased. The receivables in Institutional Client Services primarily relate to securities transactions.

• Investing & Lending. In Investing & Lending, we make investments and originate loans to provide financing to clients. These investments and loans are typically longer-term in nature. We make investments, directly and indirectly through funds that we manage, in debt securities, loans, public and private equity securities, infrastructure, real estate entities and other investments. We also make unsecured loans to individuals through our online platform. Debt includes $14.23 billion and $17.29 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, of direct loans primarily extended to corporate and private wealth management clients that are accounted for at fair value. Loans receivable is comprised of loans held for investment that are accounted for at amortized cost net of allowance for loan losses. See Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements for further information about loans receivable.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 67

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

• Other Assets. Other assets are generally less liquid, non-financial assets, including property, leasehold improvements and equipment, goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, income tax-related receivables, equity-method investments, assets classified as held for sale and miscellaneous receivables.

The table below presents the reconciliation of this balance sheet allocation to our U.S. GAAP balance sheet.

$ in millions	GCLA and Cash	Secured Client Financing	Institutional Client Services	Investing & Lending	Total
As of December 2016
Cash and cash equivalents	$107,066	$  14,645	$         —	$       —	$121,711
Securities purchased under agreements to resell and federal funds sold	56,583	40,436	18,844	1,062	116,925
Securities borrowed	41,652	96,186	46,762	—	184,600
Receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations	—	6,540	11,504	—	18,044
Receivables from customers and counterparties	—	26,286	18,088	3,406	47,780
Loans receivable	—	—	—	49,672	49,672
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	29,853	15,294	206,988	43,817	295,952
Subtotal	$235,154	$199,387	$302,186	$97,957	$834,684
Other assets					25,481
Total assets					$860,165
As of December 2015
Cash and cash equivalents	$  75,105	$  18,334	$         —	$       —	$  93,439
Securities purchased under agreements to resell and federal funds sold	60,092	56,189	16,368	1,659	134,308
Securities borrowed	33,260	97,251	47,127	—	177,638
Receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations	—	5,912	19,541	—	25,453
Receivables from customers and counterparties	—	24,077	20,435	1,918	46,430
Loans receivable	—	—	—	45,407	45,407
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	39,843	19,562	208,836	45,261	313,502
Subtotal	$208,300	$221,325	$312,307	$94,245	$836,177
Other assets					25,218
Total assets					$861,395

In the table above:

• Total assets for Institutional Client Services and Investing & Lending represent inventory and related assets. These amounts differ from total assets by business segment disclosed in Note 25 to the consolidated financial statements because total assets disclosed in Note 25 include allocations of our GCLA and cash, secured client financing and other assets.

• See “Balance Sheet Analysis and Metrics” for explanations on the changes in our balance sheet from December 2015 to December 2016.

Balance Sheet Analysis and Metrics

As of December 2016, total assets in our consolidated statements of financial condition were $860.17 billion, essentially unchanged from December 2015, reflecting an increase in cash and cash equivalents of $28.27 billion, offset by a decrease in financial instruments owned, at fair value of $17.55 billion and a net decrease in collateralized agreements of $10.42 billion. The increase in cash and cash equivalents was primarily due to an increase in deposits, reflecting the acquisition of GE Capital Bank’s online deposit platform. The decrease in financial instruments owned, at fair value primarily reflected decreases in U.S. government and federal agency obligations, equities and convertible debentures and money market instruments related to market-making activity, and the net decrease in collateralized agreements reflected the impact of firm and client activity.

As of December 2016, total liabilities in our consolidated statements of financial condition were $773.27 billion, essentially unchanged from December 2015, reflecting increases in deposits of $26.58 billion and unsecured long-term borrowings of $13.66 billion, offset by decreases in payables to customers and counterparties of $20.89 billion, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, at fair value of $14.25 billion, and other liabilities and accrued expenses of $4.53 billion. The increase in deposits reflected the acquisition of GE Capital Bank’s online deposit platform, and the increase in unsecured long-term borrowings was due to net new issuances. The decrease in payables to customers and counterparties reflected changes in client activity and the decrease in securities sold under agreements to repurchase, at fair value reflected the impact of firm and client activity. The decrease in other liabilities and accrued expenses primarily reflected payments related to the settlement agreement with the RMBS Working Group.

As of December 2016, our total securities sold under agreements to repurchase, accounted for as collateralized financings, were $71.82 billion, which was 5% lower and 9% lower than the daily average amount of repurchase agreements during the quarter ended and year ended December 2016, respectively. The decrease in our repurchase agreements relative to the daily average during 2016 resulted from the impact of firm and client activity at the end of the year.

68 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

As of December 2015, our total securities sold under agreements to repurchase, accounted for as collateralized financings, were $86.07 billion, which was 3% higher than the daily average amount of repurchase agreements during both the quarter ended and year ended December 2015. The increase in our repurchase agreements relative to the daily average during 2015 resulted from an increase in firm financing and client activity at the end of the year.

The level of our repurchase agreements fluctuates between and within periods, primarily due to providing clients with access to highly liquid collateral, such as U.S. government and federal agency, and investment-grade sovereign obligations through collateralized financing activities.

The table below presents information about our assets, unsecured long-term borrowings, shareholders’ equity and leverage ratios.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Total assets		$860,165	$861,395
Unsecured long-term borrowings		189,086	175,422
Total shareholders’ equity		86,893	86,728
Leverage ratio		9.9x	9.9x
Debt to equity ratio		2.2x	2.0x

In the table above:

• The leverage ratio equals total assets divided by total shareholders’ equity and measures the proportion of equity and debt we use to finance assets. This ratio is different from the Tier 1 leverage ratio included in Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements.

• The debt to equity ratio equals unsecured long-term borrowings divided by total shareholders’ equity.

The table below presents information about our shareholders’ equity and book value per common share, including the reconciliation of total shareholders’ equity to tangible common shareholders’ equity.

	As of December
$ in millions, except per share amounts		2016		2015
Total shareholders’ equity		$  86,893		$  86,728
Less: Preferred stock		(11,203	)	(11,200	)
Common shareholders’ equity		75,690		75,528
Less: Goodwill and identifiable intangible assets		(4,095	)	(4,148	)
Tangible common shareholders’ equity		$  71,595		$  71,380
Book value per common share		$  182.47		$  171.03
Tangible book value per common share		172.60		161.64

In the table above:

• Tangible common shareholders’ equity equals total shareholders’ equity less preferred stock, goodwill and identifiable intangible assets. We believe that tangible common shareholders’ equity is meaningful because it is a measure that we and investors use to assess capital adequacy. Tangible common shareholders’ equity is a non-GAAP measure and may not be comparable to similar non-GAAP measures used by other companies.

• Book value per common share and tangible book value per common share are based on common shares outstanding and restricted stock units granted to employees with no future service requirements (collectively, basic shares) of 414.8 million and 441.6 million as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively. We believe that tangible book value per common share (tangible common shareholders’ equity divided by basic shares) is meaningful because it is a measure that we and investors use to assess capital adequacy. Tangible book value per common share is a non-GAAP measure and may not be comparable to similar non-GAAP measures used by other companies.

Funding Sources

Our primary sources of funding are secured financings, unsecured long-term and short-term borrowings, and deposits. We seek to maintain broad and diversified funding sources globally across products, programs, markets, currencies and creditors to avoid funding concentrations.

We raise funding through a number of different products, including:

• Collateralized financings, such as repurchase agreements, securities loaned and other secured financings;

• Long-term unsecured debt (including structured notes) through syndicated U.S. registered offerings, U.S. registered and Rule 144A medium-term note programs, offshore medium-term note offerings and other debt offerings;

• Savings, demand and time deposits through internal and third-party broker-dealers, as well as from retail and institutional customers; and

• Short-term unsecured debt at the subsidiary level through U.S. and non-U.S. hybrid financial instruments and other methods.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 69

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Our funding is primarily raised in U.S. dollar, Euro, British pound and Japanese yen. We generally distribute our funding products through our own sales force and third-party distributors to a large, diverse creditor base in a variety of markets in the Americas, Europe and Asia. We believe that our relationships with our creditors are critical to our liquidity. Our creditors include banks, governments, securities lenders, pension funds, insurance companies, mutual funds and individuals. We have imposed various internal guidelines to monitor creditor concentration across our funding programs.

Secured Funding. We fund a significant amount of inventory on a secured basis, including repurchase agreements, securities loaned and other secured financings. As of December 2016 and December 2015, secured funding included in “Collateralized financings” in the consolidated statements of financial condition was $100.86 billion and $114.44 billion, respectively. We may also pledge our inventory as collateral for securities borrowed under a securities lending agreement or as collateral for derivative transactions. We also use our own inventory to cover transactions in which we or our clients have sold securities that have not yet been purchased. Secured funding is less sensitive to changes in our credit quality than unsecured funding, due to our posting of collateral to our lenders. Nonetheless, we continually analyze the refinancing risk of our secured funding activities, taking into account trade tenors, maturity profiles, counterparty concentrations, collateral eligibility and counterparty rollover probabilities. We seek to mitigate our refinancing risk by executing term trades with staggered maturities, diversifying counterparties, raising excess secured funding, and pre-funding residual risk through our GCLA.

We seek to raise secured funding with a term appropriate for the liquidity of the assets that are being financed, and we seek longer maturities for secured funding collateralized by asset classes that may be harder to fund on a secured basis, especially during times of market stress. Our secured funding, excluding funding collateralized by liquid government obligations, is primarily executed for tenors of one month or greater. Assets that may be harder to fund on a secured basis during times of market stress include certain financial instruments in the following categories: mortgage and other asset-backed loans and securities, non-investment-grade corporate debt securities, equities and convertible debentures and emerging market securities. Assets that are classified as level 3 in the fair value hierarchy are generally funded on an unsecured basis. See Notes 5 and 6 to the consolidated financial statements for further information about the classification of financial instruments in the fair value hierarchy and “Unsecured Long-Term Borrowings” below for further information about the use of unsecured long-term borrowings as a source of funding.

The weighted average maturity of our secured funding included in “Collateralized financings” in the consolidated statements of financial condition, excluding funding that can only be collateralized by highly liquid securities eligible for inclusion in our GCLA, exceeded 120 days as of December 2016.

A majority of our secured funding for securities not eligible for inclusion in the GCLA is executed through term repurchase agreements and securities loaned contracts. We also raise financing through other types of collateralized financings, such as secured loans and notes. Goldman Sachs Bank USA (GS Bank USA) has access to funding from the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB). As of December 2016, our outstanding borrowings against the FHLB were $2.43 billion.

GS Bank USA also has access to funding through the Federal Reserve Bank discount window. While we do not rely on this funding in our liquidity planning and stress testing, we maintain policies and procedures necessary to access this funding and test discount window borrowing procedures.

Unsecured Long-Term Borrowings. We issue unsecured long-term borrowings as a source of funding for inventory and other assets and to finance a portion of our GCLA. We issue in different tenors, currencies and products to maximize the diversification of our investor base.

The table below presents our quarterly unsecured long-term borrowings maturity profile as of December 2016.

$ in millions	First Quarter	Second Quarter	Third Quarter	Fourth Quarter	Total
2018	$9,127	$8,156	$4,858	$  4,563	$  26,704
2019	6,634	5,975	2,765	10,220	25,594
2020	4,480	7,495	5,475	959	18,409
2021	2,652	3,497	7,347	7,249	20,745
2022 - thereafter					97,634
Total					$189,086

The weighted average maturity of our unsecured long-term borrowings as of December 2016 was approximately eight years. To mitigate refinancing risk, we seek to limit the principal amount of debt maturing on any one day or during any week or year. We enter into interest rate swaps to convert a portion of our unsecured long-term borrowings into floating-rate obligations in order to manage our exposure to interest rates. See Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements for further information about our unsecured long-term borrowings.

70 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Deposits. Our deposits provide us with a diversified source of liquidity and reduce our reliance on wholesale funding. A growing source of our deposit base is comprised of retail deposits. Deposits are primarily used to finance lending activity, other inventory and a portion of our GCLA. We raise deposits primarily through GS Bank USA and Goldman Sachs International Bank (GSIB). As of December 2016 and December 2015, our deposits were $124.10 billion and $97.52 billion, respectively. See Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements for further information about our deposits.

Unsecured Short-Term Borrowings. A significant portion of our unsecured short-term borrowings was originally long-term debt that is scheduled to mature within one year of the reporting date. We use unsecured short-term borrowings, including hybrid financial instruments, to finance liquid assets and for other cash management purposes. In light of regulatory developments, Group Inc. no longer issues debt with an original maturity of less than one year, other than to its subsidiaries.

As of December 2016 and December 2015, our unsecured short-term borrowings, including the current portion of unsecured long-term borrowings, were $39.27 billion and $42.79 billion, respectively. See Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements for further information about our unsecured short-term borrowings.

Equity Capital Management and Regulatory Capital

Capital adequacy is of critical importance to us. We have in place a comprehensive capital management policy that provides a framework, defines objectives and establishes guidelines to assist us in maintaining the appropriate level and composition of capital in both business-as-usual and stressed conditions.

Equity Capital Management

We determine the appropriate level and composition of our equity capital by considering multiple factors including our current and future consolidated regulatory capital requirements, the results of our capital planning and stress testing process and other factors such as rating agency guidelines, subsidiary capital requirements, the business environment and conditions in the financial markets. We manage our capital requirements and the levels of our capital usage principally by setting limits on balance sheet assets and/or limits on risk, in each case at both the consolidated and business levels.

We principally manage the level and composition of our equity capital through issuances and repurchases of our common stock. We may also, from time to time, issue or repurchase our preferred stock, junior subordinated debt issued to trusts, and other subordinated debt or other forms of capital as business conditions warrant. Prior to any repurchases, we must receive confirmation that the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Federal Reserve Board) does not object to such capital actions. See Notes 16 and 19 to the consolidated financial statements for further information about our preferred stock, junior subordinated debt issued to trusts and other subordinated debt.

Capital Planning and Stress Testing Process. As part of capital planning, we project sources and uses of capital given a range of business environments, including stressed conditions. Our stress testing process is designed to identify and measure material risks associated with our business activities including market risk, credit risk and operational risk, as well as our ability to generate revenues.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 71

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

The following is a description of our capital planning and stress testing process:

• Capital Planning. Our capital planning process incorporates an internal capital adequacy assessment with the objective of ensuring that we are appropriately capitalized relative to the risks in our business. We incorporate stress scenarios into our capital planning process with a goal of holding sufficient capital to ensure we remain adequately capitalized after experiencing a severe stress event. Our assessment of capital adequacy is viewed in tandem with our assessment of liquidity adequacy and is integrated into our overall risk management structure, governance and policy framework.

Our capital planning process also includes an internal risk-based capital assessment. This assessment incorporates market risk, credit risk and operational risk. Market risk is calculated by using Value-at-Risk (VaR) calculations supplemented by risk-based add-ons which include risks related to rare events (tail risks). Credit risk utilizes assumptions about our counterparties’ probability of default and the size of our losses in the event of a default. Operational risk is calculated based on scenarios incorporating multiple types of operational failures as well as considering internal and external actual loss experience. Backtesting for market risk and credit risk is used to gauge the effectiveness of models at capturing and measuring relevant risks.

• Stress Testing. Our stress tests incorporate our internally designed stress scenarios, including our internally developed severely adverse scenario, and those required under CCAR and DFAST, and are designed to capture our specific vulnerabilities and risks. We provide additional information about our stress test processes and a summary of the results on our website as described in “Business — Available Information” in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-K.

As required by the Federal Reserve Board’s annual CCAR rules, we submit a capital plan for review by the Federal Reserve Board. The purpose of the Federal Reserve Board’s review is to ensure that we have a robust, forward-looking capital planning process that accounts for our unique risks and that permits continued operation during times of economic and financial stress.

The Federal Reserve Board evaluates us based, in part, on whether we have the capital necessary to continue operating under the baseline and stress scenarios provided by the Federal Reserve Board and those developed internally. This evaluation also takes into account our process for identifying risk, our controls and governance for capital planning, and our guidelines for making capital planning decisions. In addition, the Federal Reserve Board evaluates our plan to make capital distributions (i.e., dividend payments and repurchases or redemptions of stock, subordinated debt or other capital securities) and issue capital, across a range of macroeconomic scenarios and firm-specific assumptions.

In addition, the DFAST rules require us to conduct stress tests on a semi-annual basis and publish a summary of certain results. The Federal Reserve Board also conducts its own annual stress tests and publishes a summary of certain results.

We submitted our 2016 CCAR results in April 2016 and the Federal Reserve Board informed us that it did not object to our capital actions, including the potential repurchase of outstanding common stock, a potential increase in our quarterly common stock dividend and the possible issuance, redemption and modification of other capital securities from the third quarter of 2016 through the second quarter of 2017. We published a summary of our annual DFAST results in June 2016. See “Business — Available Information” in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-K.

In September 2016, we submitted our semi-annual DFAST results to the Federal Reserve Board and subsequently published a summary of our internally developed severely adverse scenario results in October 2016. See “Business — Available Information” in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-K.

We are required to submit our 2017 CCAR results to the Federal Reserve Board by April 5, 2017.

In addition, the rules adopted by the Federal Reserve Board under the Dodd-Frank Act require GS Bank USA to conduct stress tests on an annual basis and publish a summary of certain results. GS Bank USA submitted its 2016 annual DFAST stress results to the Federal Reserve Board in April 2016 and published a summary of its results in June 2016. See “Business — Available Information” in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-K.

72 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Goldman Sachs International (GSI) also has its own capital planning and stress testing process, which incorporates internally designed stress tests and those required under the Prudential Regulation Authority’s (PRA) Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process.

Contingency Capital Plan. As part of our comprehensive capital management policy, we maintain a contingency capital plan. Our contingency capital plan provides a framework for analyzing and responding to a perceived or actual capital deficiency, including, but not limited to, identification of drivers of a capital deficiency, as well as mitigants and potential actions. It outlines the appropriate communication procedures to follow during a crisis period, including internal dissemination of information as well as timely communication with external stakeholders.

Capital Attribution. We assess each of our businesses’ capital usage based upon our internal assessment of risks, which incorporates an attribution of all of our relevant regulatory capital requirements. These regulatory capital requirements are allocated using our attributed equity framework, which takes into consideration our binding capital constraints. We also attribute risk-weighted assets (RWAs) to our business segments. As of December 2016, approximately two-thirds of RWAs calculated in accordance with the Standardized Capital Rules and the Basel III Advanced Rules, subject to transitional provisions, were attributed to our Institutional Client Services segment and substantially all of the remaining RWAs were attributed to our Investing & Lending segment. We manage the levels of our capital usage based upon balance sheet and risk limits, as well as capital return analyses of our businesses based on our capital attribution.

Share Repurchase Program. We use our share repurchase program to help maintain the appropriate level of common equity. The repurchase program is effected primarily through regular open-market purchases (which may include repurchase plans designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1), the amounts and timing of which are determined primarily by our current and projected capital position and our capital plan submitted to the Federal Reserve Board as part of CCAR. The amounts and timing of the repurchases may also be influenced by general market conditions and the prevailing price and trading volumes of our common stock.

As of December 2016, the remaining share authorization under our existing repurchase program was 26.6 million shares; however, we are only permitted to make repurchases to the extent that such repurchases have not been objected to by the Federal Reserve Board. See “Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities” in Part II, Item 5 of this Form 10-K and Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information about our share repurchase program and see above for information about our capital planning and stress testing process.

Resolution and Recovery Plans

We are required by the Federal Reserve Board and the FDIC to submit a periodic plan that describes our strategy for a rapid and orderly resolution in the event of material financial distress or failure (resolution plan). We are also required by the Federal Reserve Board to submit and have submitted, on a periodic basis, a global recovery plan that outlines the steps that management could take to reduce risk, maintain sufficient liquidity, and conserve capital in times of prolonged stress.

In April 2016, the Federal Reserve Board and the FDIC provided feedback on the 2015 resolution plans of eight systemically important domestic banking institutions and provided guidance related to the 2017 resolution plan submissions. While our plan was not jointly found to be deficient (i.e., non-credible or to not facilitate an orderly resolution under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code), the FDIC identified deficiencies and both the FDIC and Federal Reserve Board also identified certain shortcomings. In response to the feedback received, in September 2016, we submitted a status report on our actions to address these shortcomings and a separate public section that explains these actions, at a high level. Our 2017 resolution plan, which is due by July 1, 2017, is also required to address the shortcomings and take into account the additional guidance.

In addition, GS Bank USA is required to submit a resolution plan to the FDIC and, accordingly, submitted its 2015 resolution plan on September 1, 2015. GS Bank USA has not yet received supervisory feedback on its 2015 resolution plan. In July 2016, GS Bank USA received notification from the FDIC that its resolution plan submission date was extended to October 1, 2017 and the 2016 resolution plan requirement will be satisfied by the submission of the 2017 resolution plan.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 73

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Rating Agency Guidelines

The credit rating agencies assign credit ratings to the obligations of Group Inc., which directly issues or guarantees substantially all of our senior unsecured obligations. Goldman, Sachs & Co. (GS&Co.) and GSI have been assigned long- and short-term issuer ratings by certain credit rating agencies. GS Bank USA and GSIB have also been assigned long- and short-term issuer ratings, as well as ratings on their long-term and short-term bank deposits. In addition, credit rating agencies have assigned ratings to debt obligations of certain other subsidiaries of Group Inc.

The level and composition of our equity capital are among the many factors considered in determining our credit ratings. Each agency has its own definition of eligible capital and methodology for evaluating capital adequacy, and assessments are generally based on a combination of factors rather than a single calculation. See “Liquidity Risk Management — Credit Ratings” for further information about credit ratings of Group Inc., GS Bank USA, GSIB, GS&Co. and GSI.

Consolidated Regulatory Capital

We are subject to the Federal Reserve Board’s revised risk-based capital and leverage regulations, subject to certain transitional provisions (Revised Capital Framework). These regulations are largely based on the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s (Basel Committee) capital framework for strengthening international capital standards (Basel III) and also implement certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. Under the Revised Capital Framework, we are an “Advanced approach” banking organization.

We calculate our Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1), Tier 1 capital and Total capital ratios in accordance with (i) the Standardized approach and market risk rules set out in the Revised Capital Framework (together, the Standardized Capital Rules) and (ii) the Advanced approach and market risk rules set out in the Revised Capital Framework (together, the Basel III Advanced Rules) as described in Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements. The lower of each ratio calculated in (i) and (ii) is the ratio against which our compliance with minimum ratio requirements is assessed. Each of the ratios calculated in accordance with the Basel III Advanced Rules was lower than that calculated in accordance with the Standardized Capital Rules and therefore the Basel III Advanced ratios were the ratios that applied to us as of December 2016 and December 2015.

See Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements for further information about our capital ratios as of December 2016 and December 2015, and for additional information about the Revised Capital Framework.

Minimum Capital Ratios and Capital Buffers

The table below presents our minimum required ratios as of December 2016, as well as the estimated minimum ratios that we expect will apply at the end of the transitional provisions beginning January 2019.

	December 2016 Minimum Ratio	January 2019 Estimated Minimum Ratio
CET1 ratio	5.875%	9.5%
Tier 1 capital ratio	7.375%	11.0%
Total capital ratio	9.375%	13.0%
Tier 1 leverage ratio	4.000%	4.0%

In the table above:

• The minimum ratios as of December 2016 reflect (i) the 25% phase-in of the capital conservation buffer (0.625%), (ii) the 25% phase-in of the Global Systemically Important Bank (G-SIB) buffer (0.75%), and (iii) the counter-cyclical capital buffer of zero percent.

• The estimated minimum ratios as of January 2019 reflect (i) the fully phased-in capital conservation buffer (2.5%), (ii) the fully phased-in G-SIB buffer (2.5%), and (iii) the counter-cyclical capital buffer of zero percent. The G-SIB buffer of 2.5% is estimated based on 2016 financial data, a reduction from the 3.0% buffer effective January 1, 2016. The G-SIB and counter-cyclical buffers in the future may differ from these estimates due to additional guidance from our regulators and/or positional changes. As a result, the minimum ratios we are subject to as of January 1, 2019 could be higher than the amounts presented in the table above.

• As of December 2016, in order to meet the quantitative requirements for being “well-capitalized” under the Federal Reserve Board’s regulations, we must meet a higher required minimum Total capital ratio of 10.0%.

• Tier 1 leverage ratio is defined as Tier 1 capital divided by quarterly average adjusted total assets (which includes adjustments for goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, and certain investments in nonconsolidated financial institutions).

See Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements for information about the capital conservation buffer, the current G-SIB buffer and the counter-cyclical capital buffer.

Our minimum required supplementary leverage ratio will be 5.0% on January 1, 2018. See “Supplementary Leverage Ratio” below for further information.

74 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Fully Phased-in Capital Ratios

The table below presents our capital ratios calculated in accordance with the Standardized Capital Rules and the Basel III Advanced Rules on a fully phased-in basis.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Common shareholders’ equity		$  75,690		$  75,528
Deductions for goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, net of deferred tax liabilities		(3,015	)	(3,044	)
Deductions for investments in nonconsolidated financial institutions		(765	)	(2,274	)
Other adjustments		(799	)	(1,409	)
Total Common Equity Tier 1		71,111		68,801
Preferred stock		11,203		11,200
Deduction for investments in covered funds		(445	)	(413	)
Other adjustments		(61	)	(128	)
Tier 1 capital		$  81,808		$  79,460
Standardized Tier 2 and Total capital
Tier 1 capital		$  81,808		$  79,460
Qualifying subordinated debt		14,566		15,132
Allowance for losses on loans and lending commitments		722		602
Other adjustments		(6	)	(19	)
Standardized Tier 2 capital		15,282		15,715
Standardized Total capital		$  97,090		$  95,175
Basel III Advanced Tier 2 and Total capital
Tier 1 capital		$  81,808		$  79,460
Standardized Tier 2 capital		15,282		15,715
Allowance for losses on loans and lending commitments		(722	)	(602	)
Basel III Advanced Tier 2 capital		14,560		15,113
Basel III Advanced Total capital		$  96,368		$  94,573
RWAs
Standardized		$507,807		$534,135
Basel III Advanced		560,786		587,319
CET1 ratio
Standardized		14.0%		12.9%
Basel III Advanced		12.7%		11.7%
Tier 1 capital ratio
Standardized		16.1%		14.9%
Basel III Advanced		14.6%		13.5%
Total capital ratio
Standardized		19.1%		17.8%
Basel III Advanced		17.2%		16.1%

Although the fully phased-in capital ratios are not applicable until 2019, we believe that the ratios in the table above are meaningful because they are measures that we, our regulators and investors use to assess our ability to meet future regulatory capital requirements. The fully phased-in Basel III Advanced and Standardized capital ratios are non-GAAP measures and may not be comparable to similar non-GAAP measures used by other companies. These ratios are based on our current interpretation, expectations and understanding of the Revised Capital Framework and may evolve as we discuss the interpretation and application of this framework with our regulators.

In the table above:

• The deductions for goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, net of deferred tax liabilities, include goodwill of $3.67 billion and $3.66 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, and identifiable intangible assets of $429 million and $491 million as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, net of associated deferred tax liabilities of $1.08 billion and $1.10 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively.

• The deductions for investments in nonconsolidated financial institutions represent the amount by which our investments in the capital of nonconsolidated financial institutions exceed certain prescribed thresholds. The decrease from December 2015 to December 2016 primarily reflects reductions in our fund investments.

• The deduction for investments in covered funds represents our aggregate investments in applicable covered funds, as permitted by the Volcker Rule, that were purchased after December 2013. Substantially all of these investments in covered funds were purchased in connection with our market-making activities. This deduction was not subject to a transition period. See “Regulatory Developments” below for further information about the Volcker Rule.

• Other adjustments within CET1 primarily include the overfunded portion of our defined benefit pension plan obligation net of associated deferred tax liabilities, disallowed deferred tax assets, credit valuation adjustments on derivative liabilities, debt valuation adjustments and other required credit risk-based deductions.

• Qualifying subordinated debt is subordinated debt issued by Group Inc. with an original maturity of five years or greater. The outstanding amount of subordinated debt qualifying for Tier 2 capital is reduced upon reaching a remaining maturity of five years. See Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information about our subordinated debt.

See Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements for information about our transitional capital ratios, which represent the ratios that are applicable to us as of December 2016 and December 2015.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 75

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Supplementary Leverage Ratio

The Revised Capital Framework includes a supplementary leverage ratio requirement for Advanced approach banking organizations. Under amendments to the Revised Capital Framework, the U.S. federal bank regulatory agencies approved a final rule that implements the supplementary leverage ratio aligned with the definition of leverage established by the Basel Committee. The supplementary leverage ratio compares Tier 1 capital to a measure of leverage exposure, which consists of total daily average assets for the quarter and certain off-balance-sheet exposures (which include a measure of derivatives exposures and commitments), less certain balance sheet deductions. The Revised Capital Framework requires a minimum supplementary leverage ratio of 5.0% (comprised of the minimum requirement of 3.0% and a 2.0% buffer) for U.S. bank holding companies deemed to be G-SIBs, effective on January 1, 2018.

As of December 2016 and December 2015, our supplementary leverage ratio was 6.4% and 5.9%, respectively, based on Tier 1 capital on a fully phased-in basis of $81.81 billion and $79.46 billion, respectively, divided by total leverage exposure of $1.27 trillion (consists of total daily average assets for the quarter of $884 billion and certain off-balance-sheet exposures of $392 billion, less certain balance sheet deductions of $5 billion) and $1.34 trillion (consists of total daily average assets for the quarter of $878 billion and certain off-balance-sheet exposures of $471 billion, less certain balance sheet deductions of $6 billion), respectively. Within total leverage exposure, the adjustments to quarterly average assets in both periods were primarily comprised of off-balance-sheet exposures related to derivatives, secured financing transactions, commitments and guarantees.

This supplementary leverage ratio is based on our current interpretation and understanding of the U.S. federal bank regulatory agencies’ final rule and may evolve as we discuss the interpretation and application of this rule with our regulators.

Subsidiary Capital Requirements

Many of our subsidiaries, including GS Bank USA and our broker-dealer subsidiaries, are subject to separate regulation and capital requirements of the jurisdictions in which they operate.

GS Bank USA. GS Bank USA is subject to regulatory capital requirements that are calculated in substantially the same manner as those applicable to bank holding companies and calculates its capital ratios in accordance with the risk-based capital and leverage requirements applicable to state member banks, which are based on the Revised Capital Framework. See Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements for further information about the Revised Capital Framework as it relates to GS Bank USA, including GS Bank USA’s capital ratios and required minimum ratios.

In addition, under Federal Reserve Board rules, commencing on January 1, 2018, in order to be considered a “well-capitalized” depository institution, GS Bank USA must have a supplementary leverage ratio of 6.0% or greater. The supplementary leverage ratio compares Tier 1 capital to a measure of leverage exposure, defined as total daily average assets for the quarter and certain off-balance-sheet exposures (which include a measure of derivatives exposures and commitments), less certain balance sheet deductions. As of December 2016, GS Bank USA’s supplementary leverage ratio was 7.3%, based on Tier 1 capital on a fully phased-in basis of $24.48 billion, divided by total leverage exposure of $333 billion (consists of total daily average assets for the quarter of $170 billion and certain off-balance-sheet exposures of $163 billion, less certain balance sheet deductions of $20 million). As of December 2015, GS Bank USA’s supplementary leverage ratio was 7.1%, based on Tier 1 capital on a fully phased-in basis of $23.02 billion, divided by total leverage exposure of $324 billion (total daily average assets for the quarter of $134 billion and certain off-balance-sheet exposures of $190 billion, less certain balance sheet deductions of $5 million). This supplementary leverage ratio is based on our current interpretation and understanding of this rule and may evolve as we discuss their interpretation and application with our regulators.

GSI. Our regulated U.K. broker-dealer, GSI, is one of our principal non-U.S. regulated subsidiaries and is regulated by the PRA and the Financial Conduct Authority. GSI is subject to the revised capital framework for E.U.-regulated financial institutions prescribed in the E.U. Fourth Capital Requirements Directive (CRD IV) and the E.U. Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR). These capital regulations are largely based on Basel III.

76 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

The table below presents GSI’s minimum required ratios.

	December 2016 Minimum Ratio	December 2015 Minimum Ratio
CET1 ratio	6.549%	6.1%
Tier 1 capital ratio	8.530%	8.2%
Total capital ratio	11.163%	10.9%

The minimum ratios in the table above incorporate capital guidance received from the PRA and could change in the future. GSI’s future capital requirements may also be impacted by developments such as the introduction of capital buffers as described above in “Minimum Capital Ratios and Capital Buffers.”

As of December 2016, GSI had a CET1 ratio of 12.9%, a Tier 1 capital ratio of 12.9% and a Total capital ratio of 17.2%. Each of these ratios includes approximately 71 basis points attributable to profit for the year ended December 2016. These ratios will be finalized upon the completion of GSI’s 2016 audit. As of December 2015, GSI had a CET1 ratio of 12.9%, a Tier 1 capital ratio of 12.9% and a Total capital ratio of 17.6%.

In November 2016, the European Commission proposed amendments to the CRR to implement a 3% minimum leverage ratio requirement for certain E.U. financial institutions. This leverage ratio compares the CRR’s definition of Tier 1 capital to a measure of leverage exposure, defined as the sum of assets plus certain off-balance-sheet exposures (which include a measure of derivatives exposures, securities financing transactions and commitments), less Tier 1 capital deductions. Any required minimum ratio is expected to become effective for GSI no earlier than January 1, 2018. As of December 2016 and December 2015, GSI had a leverage ratio of 3.8% and 3.6%, respectively. The ratio as of December 2016 includes approximately 21 basis points attributable to profit for the year ended December 2016. This leverage ratio is based on our current interpretation and understanding of this rule and may evolve as we discuss the interpretation and application of this rule with GSI’s regulators.

Other Subsidiaries. The capital requirements of several of our subsidiaries may increase in the future due to the various developments arising from the Basel Committee, the Dodd-Frank Act, and other governmental entities and regulators. See Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements for information about the capital requirements of our other regulated subsidiaries.

Subsidiaries not subject to separate regulatory capital requirements may hold capital to satisfy local tax and legal guidelines, rating agency requirements (for entities with assigned credit ratings) or internal policies, including policies concerning the minimum amount of capital a subsidiary should hold based on its underlying level of risk. In certain instances, Group Inc. may be limited in its ability to access capital held at certain subsidiaries as a result of regulatory, tax or other constraints. As of December 2016 and December 2015, Group Inc.’s equity investment in subsidiaries was $92.77 billion and $85.52 billion, respectively, compared with its total shareholders’ equity of $86.89 billion and $86.73 billion, respectively.

Our capital invested in non-U.S. subsidiaries is generally exposed to foreign exchange risk, substantially all of which is managed through a combination of derivatives and non-U.S. denominated debt. See Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements for information about our net investment hedges, which are used to hedge this risk.

Guarantees of Subsidiaries. Group Inc. has guaranteed the payment obligations of GS&Co. and GS Bank USA, in each case subject to certain exceptions.

Regulatory Developments

Our businesses are subject to significant and evolving regulation. The Dodd-Frank Act, enacted in July 2010, significantly altered the financial regulatory regime within which we operate. In addition, other reforms have been adopted or are being considered by regulators and policy makers worldwide. Given that many of the new and proposed rules are highly complex, the full impact of regulatory reform will not be known until the rules are implemented and market practices develop under the final regulations.

There has been increased regulation of, and limitations on, our activities, including the Dodd-Frank Act prohibition on “proprietary trading” and the limitation on the sponsorship of, and investment in, “covered funds” (as defined in the Volcker Rule). In addition, there is increased regulation of, and restrictions on, OTC derivatives markets and transactions, particularly related to swaps and security-based swaps.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 77

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

See “Business — Regulation” in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-K for more information about the laws, rules and regulations and proposed laws, rules and regulations that apply to us and our operations. In addition, see Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements for information about regulatory developments as they relate to our regulatory capital and leverage ratios.

Volcker Rule

The provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act referred to as the “Volcker Rule” became effective in July 2015 (subject to a conformance period, as applicable). The Volcker Rule prohibits “proprietary trading,” but permits activities such as underwriting, market making and risk-mitigation hedging, requires an extensive compliance program and includes additional reporting and record-keeping requirements. The initial implementation of these rules did not have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, the rule is highly complex, and its impact may change as market practices further develop.

In addition to the prohibition on proprietary trading, the Volcker Rule limits the sponsorship of, and investment in, covered funds by banking entities, including Group Inc. and its subsidiaries. It also limits certain types of transactions between us and our sponsored funds, similar to the limitations on transactions between depository institutions and their affiliates as described in “Business — Regulation” in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-K. Covered funds include our private equity funds, certain of our credit and real estate funds, our hedge funds and certain other investment structures. The limitation on investments in covered funds requires us to reduce our investment in each such fund to 3% or less of the fund’s net asset value, and to reduce our aggregate investment in all such funds to 3% or less of our Tier 1 capital.

Our investments in applicable covered funds purchased after December 2013 are required to be deducted from Tier 1 capital. See “Equity Capital Management and Regulatory Capital — Fully Phased-in Capital Ratios” for further information about our Tier 1 capital and the deduction for investments in covered funds.

We continue to manage our existing interests in such funds, taking into account the conformance period under the Volcker Rule. We plan to continue to conduct our investing and lending activities in ways that are permissible under the Volcker Rule.

Our current investment in funds at NAV is $6.47 billion. In order to be compliant with the Volcker Rule, we will be required to reduce most of our interests in these funds by the end of the conformance period. See Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements for further information about our investment in funds at NAV and the conformance period for covered funds.

Although our net revenues from our interests in private equity, credit, real estate and hedge funds may vary from period to period, our aggregate net revenues from these investments were approximately 3% and 5% of our aggregate total net revenues over the last 10 years and 5 years, respectively.

Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity

In December 2016, the Federal Reserve Board adopted a final rule, which establishes new total loss-absorbing capacity (TLAC) and related requirements for U.S. bank holding companies designated as G-SIBs. The rule will be effective in January 2019, with no phase-in period, and has been designed so that, in the event of a G-SIB’s failure, there will be sufficient external loss-absorbing capacity available in order for authorities to implement an orderly resolution of the G-SIB. The rule (i) establishes minimum TLAC requirements, (ii) establishes minimum eligible long-term debt requirements, (iii) prohibits certain holding company transactions and (iv) caps the amount of G-SIB liabilities that are not eligible long-term debt.

We expect that we will be compliant with the TLAC requirements by the effective date. See “Business — Regulation” in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-K for further information about the Federal Reserve Board’s TLAC rule.

78 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Other Regulatory Developments

In September 2016, the final margin rules issued by the U.S. federal bank regulatory agencies and the CFTC for uncleared swaps became effective. These rules will phase in through March 2017 for variation margin requirements and through September 2020 for initial margin requirements depending on the level of swaps, security-based swaps and/or exempt foreign exchange derivative transaction activity of the swap dealer and the relevant counterparty. The final rules of the U.S. federal bank regulatory agencies generally apply to inter-affiliate transactions, with limited relief available from initial margin requirements for affiliates.

Under the CFTC final rules, inter-affiliate transactions are exempt from initial margin requirements with certain exceptions but variation margin requirements still apply. We expect that our margin requirements will continue to increase as the rules phase in. Japanese regulators have implemented broadly similar rules and regulators in other major jurisdictions are expected to do so over the next several quarters.

See “Business — Regulation” in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-K for further information about regulations that may impact us in the future.

Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations

Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements

We have various types of off-balance-sheet arrangements that we enter into in the ordinary course of business. Our involvement in these arrangements can take many different forms, including:

• Purchasing or retaining residual and other interests in special purpose entities such as mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securitization vehicles;

• Holding senior and subordinated debt, interests in limited and general partnerships, and preferred and common stock in other nonconsolidated vehicles;

• Entering into interest rate, foreign currency, equity, commodity and credit derivatives, including total return swaps;

• Entering into operating leases; and

• Providing guarantees, indemnifications, commitments, letters of credit and representations and warranties.

We enter into these arrangements for a variety of business purposes, including securitizations. The securitization vehicles that purchase mortgages, corporate bonds, and other types of financial assets are critical to the functioning of several significant investor markets, including the mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities markets, since they offer investors access to specific cash flows and risks created through the securitization process.

We also enter into these arrangements to underwrite client securitization transactions; provide secondary market liquidity; make investments in performing and nonperforming debt, equity, real estate and other assets; provide investors with credit-linked and asset-repackaged notes; and receive or provide letters of credit to satisfy margin requirements and to facilitate the clearance and settlement process.

Our financial interests in, and derivative transactions with, such nonconsolidated entities are generally accounted for at fair value, in the same manner as our other financial instruments, except in cases where we apply the equity method of accounting.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 79

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

The table below presents where information about our various off-balance-sheet arrangements may be found in this Form 10-K. In addition, see Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements for information about our consolidation policies.

Type of Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangement	Disclosure in Form 10-K
Variable interests and other obligations, including contingent obligations, arising from variable interests in nonconsolidated VIEs	See Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements.
Leases, letters of credit, and lending and other commitments	See “Contractual Obligations” below and Note 18 to the consolidated financial statements.
Guarantees	See “Contractual Obligations” below and Note 18 to the consolidated financial statements.
Derivatives	See “Credit Risk Management — Credit Exposures — OTC Derivatives” below and Notes 4, 5, 7 and 18 to the consolidated financial statements.

Contractual Obligations

We have certain contractual obligations which require us to make future cash payments. These contractual obligations include our unsecured long-term borrowings, secured long-term financings, time deposits and contractual interest payments, all of which are included in our consolidated statements of financial condition.

Our obligations to make future cash payments also include certain off-balance-sheet contractual obligations such as purchase obligations, minimum rental payments under noncancelable leases and commitments and guarantees.

The table below presents our contractual obligations, commitments and guarantees by type.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Amounts related to on-balance-sheet obligations
Time deposits		$  27,394	$  25,748
Secured long-term financings		8,405	10,520
Unsecured long-term borrowings		189,086	175,422
Contractual interest payments		54,552	59,327
Subordinated liabilities of consolidated VIEs		584	501
Amounts related to off-balance-sheet arrangements
Commitments to extend credit		112,056	117,158
Contingent and forward starting resale and securities borrowing agreements		25,348	28,874
Forward starting repurchase and secured lending agreements		8,939	5,878
Letters of credit		373	249
Investment commitments		8,444	6,054
Other commitments		6,014	6,944
Minimum rental payments		1,941	2,575
Derivative guarantees		816,774	926,443
Securities lending indemnifications		33,403	31,902
Other financial guarantees		3,662	4,461

The table below presents our contractual obligations, commitments and guarantees by period of expiration.

	As of December 2016
$ in millions		2017	2018 - 2019	2020 - 2021	2022 - Thereafter
Amounts related to on-balance-sheet obligations
Time deposits		$         —	$  11,896	$  7,612	$  7,886
Secured long-term financings		—	6,277	1,479	649
Unsecured long-term borrowings		—	52,298	39,154	97,634
Contractual interest payments		6,394	11,083	8,104	28,971
Subordinated liabilities of consolidated VIEs		—	—	—	584
Amounts related to off-balance-sheet arrangements
Commitments to extend credit		22,358	24,905	58,412	6,381
Contingent and forward starting resale and securities borrowing agreements		25,348	—	—	—
Forward starting repurchase and secured lending agreements		8,939	—	—	—
Letters of credit		308	21	—	44
Investment commitments		6,713	415	108	1,208
Other commitments		5,756	200	15	43
Minimum rental payments		290	520	365	766
Derivative guarantees		432,328	261,676	71,264	51,506
Securities lending indemnifications		33,403	—	—	—
Other financial guarantees		1,064	763	1,662	173

80 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

In the table above:

• The 2017 column includes a total of $1.49 billion of investment commitments to covered funds (as defined by the Volcker Rule) subject to the Volcker Rule conformance period. We expect that substantially all of these commitments will not be called. See Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements for information about the Volcker Rule conformance period.

• Obligations maturing within one year of our financial statement date or redeemable within one year of our financial statement date at the option of the holders are excluded as they are treated as short-term obligations.

• Obligations that are repayable prior to maturity at our option are reflected at their contractual maturity dates and obligations that are redeemable prior to maturity at the option of the holders are reflected at the earliest dates such options become exercisable.

• Amounts included in the table do not necessarily reflect the actual future cash flow requirements for these arrangements because commitments and guarantees represent notional amounts and may expire unused or be reduced or cancelled at the counterparty’s request.

• Due to the uncertainty of the timing and amounts that will ultimately be paid, our liability for unrecognized tax benefits has been excluded. See Note 24 to the consolidated financial statements for further information about our unrecognized tax benefits.

• As of December 2016, unsecured long-term borrowings includes $7.43 billion of adjustments to the carrying value of certain unsecured long-term borrowings resulting from the application of hedge accounting.

• As of December 2016, the aggregate contractual principal amount of secured long-term financings and unsecured long-term borrowings for which the fair value option was elected exceeded the related fair value by $361 million and $1.56 billion, respectively.

• Contractual interest payments represents estimated future interest payments related to unsecured long-term borrowings, secured long-term financings and time deposits based on applicable interest rates as of December 2016, and includes stated coupons, if any, on structured notes.

See Notes 15 and 18 to the consolidated financial statements for further information about our short-term borrowings, and commitments and guarantees, respectively.

As of December 2016, our unsecured long-term borrowings were $189.09 billion, with maturities extending to 2056, and consisted principally of senior borrowings. See Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements for further information about our unsecured long-term borrowings.

As of December 2016, our future minimum rental payments, net of minimum sublease rentals under noncancelable leases, were $1.94 billion. These lease commitments for office space expire on various dates through 2069. Certain agreements are subject to periodic escalation provisions for increases in real estate taxes and other charges. See Note 18 to the consolidated financial statements for further information about our leases.

Our occupancy expenses include costs associated with office space held in excess of our current requirements. This excess space, the cost of which is charged to earnings as incurred, is being held for potential growth or to replace currently occupied space that we may exit in the future. We regularly evaluate our current and future space capacity in relation to current and projected staffing levels. For 2016, we incurred exit costs of approximately $68 million related to office space held in excess of our current requirements. Additional occupancy expenses for excess office space were not material for 2016. We may incur exit costs in the future to the extent we (i) reduce our space capacity or (ii) commit to, or occupy, new properties in the locations in which we operate and, consequently, dispose of existing space that had been held for potential growth. These exit costs may be material to our results of operations in a given period.

Risk Management

Risks are inherent in our business and include liquidity, market, credit, operational, model, legal, regulatory and reputational risks. For further information about our risk management processes, see “— Overview and Structure of Risk Management” below. Our risks include the risks across our risk categories, regions or global businesses, as well as those which have uncertain outcomes and have the potential to materially impact our financial results, our liquidity and our reputation. For further information about our areas of risk, see “— Liquidity Risk Management,” “— Market Risk Management,” “— Credit Risk Management,” “— Operational Risk Management” and “— Model Risk Management” below and “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 81

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Overview and Structure of Risk Management

Overview

We believe that effective risk management is of primary importance to our success. Accordingly, we have comprehensive risk management processes through which we monitor, evaluate and manage the risks we assume in conducting our activities. These include liquidity, market, credit, operational, model, legal, compliance, regulatory and reputational risk exposures. Our risk management framework is built around three core components: governance, processes and people.

Governance. Risk management governance starts with our Board, which plays an important role in reviewing and approving risk management policies and practices, both directly and through its committees, including its Risk Committee. The Board also receives regular briefings on firmwide risks, including market risk, liquidity risk, credit risk, operational risk and model risk from our independent control and support functions, including the chief risk officer, and on compliance risk from the head of Compliance, on legal and regulatory matters from the general counsel, and on other matters impacting our reputation from the chair of our Firmwide Client and Business Standards Committee. The chief risk officer, as part of the review of the firmwide risk portfolio, regularly advises the Risk Committee of the Board of relevant risk metrics and material exposures. Next, at our most senior levels, our leaders are experienced risk managers, with a sophisticated and detailed understanding of the risks we take. Our senior management, and senior managers in our revenue-producing units and independent control and support functions, lead and participate in risk-oriented committees. Independent control and support functions include Compliance, the Conflicts Resolution Group (Conflicts), Controllers, Credit Risk Management and Advisory (Credit Risk Management), Human Capital Management, Legal, Liquidity Risk Management and Analysis (Liquidity Risk Management), Market Risk Management and Analysis (Market Risk Management), Model Risk Management, Operations, Operational Risk Management and Analysis (Operational Risk Management), Tax, Technology and Treasury.

Our governance structure provides the protocol and responsibility for decision-making on risk management issues and ensures implementation of those decisions. We make extensive use of risk-related committees that meet regularly and serve as an important means to facilitate and foster ongoing discussions to identify, manage and mitigate risks.

We maintain strong communication about risk and we have a culture of collaboration in decision-making among the revenue-producing units, independent control and support functions, committees and senior management. While we believe that the first line of defense in managing risk rests with the managers in our revenue-producing units, we dedicate extensive resources to independent control and support functions in order to ensure a strong oversight structure and an appropriate segregation of duties. We regularly reinforce our strong culture of escalation and accountability across all divisions and functions.

Processes. We maintain various processes and procedures that are critical components of our risk management. First and foremost is our daily discipline of marking substantially all of our inventory to current market levels. We carry our inventory at fair value, with changes in valuation reflected immediately in our risk management systems and in net revenues. We do so because we believe this discipline is one of the most effective tools for assessing and managing risk and that it provides transparent and realistic insight into our financial exposures.

We also apply a rigorous framework of limits to control risk across transactions, products, businesses and markets. This includes approval of limits at firmwide, business and product levels by the Risk Committee of the Board. In addition, the Firmwide Risk Committee is responsible for approving our risk limits framework, subject to the overall limits approved by the Risk Committee of the Board, at a variety of levels and monitoring these limits on a daily basis. The Risk Governance Committee (through delegated authority from the Firmwide Risk Committee) is responsible for approving limits at firmwide, business and product levels. Certain limits may be set at levels that will require periodic adjustment, rather than at levels which reflect our maximum risk appetite. This fosters an ongoing dialogue on risk among revenue-producing units, independent control and support functions, committees and senior management, as well as rapid escalation of risk-related matters. See “Liquidity Risk Management,” “Market Risk Management” and “Credit Risk Management” for further information about our risk limits.

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Active management of our positions is another important process. Proactive mitigation of our market and credit exposures minimizes the risk that we will be required to take outsized actions during periods of stress.

We also focus on the rigor and effectiveness of our risk systems. The goal of our risk management technology is to get the right information to the right people at the right time, which requires systems that are comprehensive, reliable and timely. We devote significant time and resources to our risk management technology to ensure that it consistently provides us with complete, accurate and timely information.

People. Even the best technology serves only as a tool for helping to make informed decisions in real time about the risks we are taking. Ultimately, effective risk management requires our people to interpret our risk data on an ongoing and timely basis and adjust risk positions accordingly. In both our revenue-producing units and our independent control and support functions, the experience of our professionals, and their understanding of the nuances and limitations of each risk measure, guide us in assessing exposures and maintaining them within prudent levels.

We reinforce a culture of effective risk management in our training and development programs as well as the way we evaluate performance, and recognize and reward our people. Our training and development programs, including certain sessions led by our most senior leaders, are focused on the importance of risk management, client relationships and reputational excellence. As part of our annual performance review process, we assess reputational excellence including how an employee exercises good risk management and reputational judgment, and adheres to our code of conduct and compliance policies. Our review and reward processes are designed to communicate and reinforce to our professionals the link between behavior and how people are recognized, the need to focus on our clients and our reputation, and the need to always act in accordance with the highest standards of the firm.

Structure

Ultimate oversight of risk is the responsibility of our Board. The Board oversees risk both directly and through its committees, including its Risk Committee. Within the firm, a series of committees with specific risk management mandates have oversight or decision-making responsibilities for risk management activities. Committee membership generally consists of senior managers from both our revenue-producing units and our independent control and support functions. We have established procedures for these committees to ensure that appropriate information barriers are in place. Our primary risk committees, most of which also have additional sub-committees or working groups, are described below. In addition to these committees, we have other risk-oriented committees which provide oversight for different businesses, activities, products, regions and legal entities. All of our firmwide, regional and divisional committees have responsibility for considering the impact of transactions and activities which they oversee on our reputation.

Membership of our risk committees is reviewed regularly and updated to reflect changes in the responsibilities of the committee members. Accordingly, the length of time that members serve on the respective committees varies as determined by the committee chairs and based on the responsibilities of the members.

In addition, independent control and support functions, which report to the chief executive officer, the presidents and co-chief operating officers, the chief financial officer or the chief risk officer, are responsible for day-to-day oversight or monitoring of risk, as illustrated in the chart below and as described in greater detail in the following sections. Internal Audit, which reports to the Audit Committee of the Board and includes professionals with a broad range of audit and industry experience, including risk management expertise, is responsible for independently assessing and validating key controls within the risk management framework.

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

The chart below presents an overview of our risk management governance structure, including the reporting relationships of our independent control and support functions.

Management Committee. The Management Committee oversees our global activities, including all of our independent control and support functions. It provides this oversight directly and through authority delegated to committees it has established. This committee is comprised of our most senior leaders, and is chaired by our chief executive officer. Most members of the Management Committee are also members of other firmwide, divisional and regional committees. The following are the committees that are principally involved in firmwide risk management.

Firmwide Client and Business Standards Committee. The Firmwide Client and Business Standards Committee assesses and makes determinations regarding business standards and practices, reputational risk management, client relationships and client service, is chaired by one of our presidents and co-chief operating officers (who is appointed as chair by the chief executive officer), and reports to the Management Committee. This committee also has responsibility for overseeing recommendations of the Business Standards Committee. This committee periodically updates and receives guidance from the Public Responsibilities Committee of the Board. This committee has also established certain committees that report to it, including divisional Client and Business Standards Committees and risk-related committees.

The following are the risk-related committees that report to the Firmwide Client and Business Standards Committee:

• Firmwide New Activity Committee. The Firmwide New Activity Committee is responsible for reviewing new activities and for establishing a process to identify and review previously approved activities that are significant and that have changed in complexity and/or structure or present different reputational and suitability concerns over time to consider whether these activities remain appropriate. This committee is co-chaired by our global treasurer and the chief administrative officer of our Investment Management Division, who are appointed as co-chairs by the chair of the Firmwide Client and Business Standards Committee.

• Firmwide Reputational Risk Committee. The Firmwide Reputational Risk Committee is responsible for assessing reputational risks arising from transactions that have been identified as requiring mandatory escalation to the Firmwide Reputational Risk Committee or that otherwise have potential heightened reputational risk. This committee is chaired by one of our presidents and co-chief operating officers (who is appointed as chair by the chief executive officer), and the vice-chairs are the head of Compliance and the head of the Conflicts Resolution Group, who are appointed as vice-chairs by the chair of the Firmwide Client and Business Standards Committee.

• Firmwide Suitability Committee. The Firmwide Suitability Committee is responsible for setting standards and policies for product, transaction and client suitability and providing a forum for consistency across divisions, regions and products on suitability assessments. This committee also reviews suitability matters escalated from other committees. This committee is co-chaired by the deputy head of Compliance, and the chief strategy officer of the Securities Division and co-head of Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Sales, who are appointed as co-chairs by the chair of the Firmwide Client and Business Standards Committee.

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Firmwide Risk Committee. The Firmwide Risk Committee is globally responsible for the ongoing monitoring and management of our financial risks. The Firmwide Risk Committee approves our risk limits framework, metrics and methodologies, reviews results of stress tests and scenario analyses, and provides oversight over model risk. This committee is co-chaired by our chief financial officer and our chief risk officer (who are appointed as co-chairs by the chief executive officer), and reports to the Management Committee. The following are the primary committees that report to the Firmwide Risk Committee:

• Credit Policy Committee. The Credit Policy Committee establishes and reviews broad firmwide credit policies and parameters that are implemented by Credit Risk Management. This committee is co-chaired by a deputy chief risk officer and the head of Credit Risk Management for our Securities Division, who are appointed as co-chairs by our chief risk officer.

• Firmwide Finance Committee. The Firmwide Finance Committee has oversight responsibility for liquidity risk, the size and composition of our balance sheet and capital base, and credit ratings. This committee regularly reviews our liquidity, balance sheet, funding position and capitalization, approves related policies, and makes recommendations as to any adjustments to be made in light of current events, risks, exposures and regulatory requirements. As a part of such oversight, among other things, this committee reviews and approves balance sheet limits and the size of our GCLA. This committee is co-chaired by our chief risk officer and our global treasurer, who are appointed as co-chairs by the Firmwide Risk Committee.

• Firmwide Investment Policy Committee. The Firmwide Investment Policy Committee reviews, approves, sets policies, and provides oversight for certain illiquid principal investments, including review of risk management and controls for these types of investments. This committee is co-chaired by the head of our Merchant Banking Division, a co-head of our Securities Division and a deputy general counsel, who are appointed as co-chairs by our presidents and co-chief operating officers and our chief financial officer.

• Firmwide Model Risk Control Committee. The Firmwide Model Risk Control Committee is responsible for oversight of the development and implementation of model risk controls, which includes governance, policies and procedures related to our reliance on financial models. This committee is chaired by a deputy chief risk officer, who is appointed as chair by the Firmwide Risk Committee.

• Firmwide Operational Risk Committee. The Firmwide Operational Risk Committee provides oversight of the ongoing development and implementation of our operational risk policies, framework and methodologies, and monitors the effectiveness of operational risk management. This committee is co-chaired by managing directors in Credit Risk Management and Operational Risk Management, who are appointed as co-chairs by our chief risk officer.

• Firmwide Technology Risk Committee. The Firmwide Technology Risk Committee reviews matters related to the design, development, deployment and use of technology. This committee oversees cyber security matters, as well as technology risk management frameworks and methodologies, and monitors their effectiveness. This committee is co-chaired by our chief information officer and the head of Global Investment Research, who are appointed as co-chairs by the Firmwide Risk Committee.

• Firmwide Volcker Oversight Committee. The Firmwide Volcker Oversight Committee is responsible for the oversight and periodic review of the implementation of our Volcker Rule compliance program, as approved by the Board, and other Volcker Rule-related matters. This committee is co-chaired by a deputy chief risk officer and the deputy head of Compliance, who are appointed as co-chairs by the co-chairs of the Firmwide Risk Committee.

• Global Business Resilience Committee. The Global Business Resilience Committee is responsible for oversight of business resilience initiatives, promoting increased levels of security and resilience, and reviewing certain operating risks related to business resilience. This committee is chaired by our chief administrative officer, who is appointed as chair by the Firmwide Risk Committee.

• Risk Governance Committee. The Risk Governance Committee (through delegated authority from the Firmwide Risk Committee) is globally responsible for the ongoing approval and monitoring of risk frameworks, policies, parameters and limits, at firmwide, business and product levels. This committee is chaired by our chief risk officer, who is appointed as chair by the co-chairs of the Firmwide Risk Committee.

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

The following committees report jointly to the Firmwide Risk Committee and the Firmwide Client and Business Standards Committee:

• Firmwide Capital Committee. The Firmwide Capital Committee provides approval and oversight of debt-related transactions, including principal commitments of our capital. This committee aims to ensure that business and reputational standards for underwritings and capital commitments are maintained on a global basis. This committee is co-chaired by the head of Credit Risk Management for our Investment Banking Division, Investment Management Division and Merchant Banking Division, and the head of the Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) Financing Group. The co-chairs of the Firmwide Capital Committee are appointed by the co-chairs of the Firmwide Risk Committee.

• Firmwide Commitments Committee. The Firmwide Commitments Committee reviews our underwriting and distribution activities with respect to equity and equity-related product offerings, and sets and maintains policies and procedures designed to ensure that legal, reputational, regulatory and business standards are maintained on a global basis. In addition to reviewing specific transactions, this committee periodically conducts general strategic reviews of sectors and products and establishes policies in connection with transaction practices. This committee is co-chaired by the chairman of the Financial Institutions Group in our Investment Banking Division, the co-head of the Industrials group in our Investment Banking Division, our chief underwriting officer, and a managing director in Risk Management, who are appointed as co-chairs by the chair of the Firmwide Client and Business Standards Committee.

Conflicts Management

Conflicts of interest and our approach to dealing with them are fundamental to our client relationships, our reputation and our long-term success. The term “conflict of interest” does not have a universally accepted meaning, and conflicts can arise in many forms within a business or between businesses. The responsibility for identifying potential conflicts, as well as complying with our policies and procedures, is shared by the entire firm.

We have a multilayered approach to resolving conflicts and addressing reputational risk. Our senior management oversees policies related to conflicts resolution, and, in conjunction with Conflicts, Legal and Compliance, the Firmwide Client and Business Standards Committee, and other internal committees, formulates policies, standards and principles, and assists in making judgments regarding the appropriate resolution of particular conflicts. Resolving potential conflicts necessarily depends on the facts and circumstances of a particular situation and the application of experienced and informed judgment.

As a general matter, Conflicts reviews financing and advisory assignments in Investment Banking and certain investing, lending and other activities of the firm. In addition, we have various transaction oversight committees, such as the Firmwide Capital, Commitments and Suitability Committees and other committees that also review new underwritings, loans, investments and structured products. These groups and committees work with internal and external counsel and Compliance to evaluate and address any actual or potential conflicts. Conflicts reports to one of our presidents and co-chief operating officers.

We regularly assess our policies and procedures that address conflicts of interest in an effort to conduct our business in accordance with the highest ethical standards and in compliance with all applicable laws, rules, and regulations.

86 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Liquidity Risk Management

Overview

Liquidity risk is the risk that we will be unable to fund the firm or meet our liquidity needs in the event of firm-specific, broader industry, or market liquidity stress events. Liquidity is of critical importance to us, as most of the failures of financial institutions have occurred in large part due to insufficient liquidity. Accordingly, we have in place a comprehensive and conservative set of liquidity and funding policies. Our principal objective is to be able to fund the firm and to enable our core businesses to continue to serve clients and generate revenues, even under adverse circumstances.

Treasury has the primary responsibility for assessing, monitoring and managing our liquidity and funding strategy. Treasury is independent of the revenue-producing units and reports to our chief financial officer.

Liquidity Risk Management is an independent risk management function responsible for control and oversight of our liquidity risk management framework, including stress testing and limit governance. Liquidity Risk Management is independent of the revenue-producing units and Treasury, and reports to our chief risk officer.

Liquidity Risk Management Principles

We manage liquidity risk according to three principles (i) hold sufficient excess liquidity in the form of Global Core Liquid Assets (GCLA) to cover outflows during a stressed period, (ii) maintain appropriate Asset-Liability Management and (iii) maintain a viable Contingency Funding Plan.

Global Core Liquid Assets. GCLA is liquidity that we maintain to meet a broad range of potential cash outflows and collateral needs in a stressed environment. Our most important liquidity policy is to pre-fund our estimated potential cash and collateral needs during a liquidity crisis and hold this liquidity in the form of unencumbered, highly liquid securities and cash. We believe that the securities held in our GCLA would be readily convertible to cash in a matter of days, through liquidation, by entering into repurchase agreements or from maturities of resale agreements, and that this cash would allow us to meet immediate obligations without needing to sell other assets or depend on additional funding from credit-sensitive markets.

Our GCLA reflects the following principles:

• The first days or weeks of a liquidity crisis are the most critical to a company’s survival;

• Focus must be maintained on all potential cash and collateral outflows, not just disruptions to financing flows. Our businesses are diverse, and our liquidity needs are determined by many factors, including market movements, collateral requirements and client commitments, all of which can change dramatically in a difficult funding environment;

• During a liquidity crisis, credit-sensitive funding, including unsecured debt and some types of secured financing agreements, may be unavailable, and the terms (e.g., interest rates, collateral provisions and tenor) or availability of other types of secured financing may change; and

• As a result of our policy to pre-fund liquidity that we estimate may be needed in a crisis, we hold more unencumbered securities and have larger debt balances than our businesses would otherwise require. We believe that our liquidity is stronger with greater balances of highly liquid unencumbered securities, even though it increases our total assets and our funding costs.

We maintain our GCLA across major broker-dealer and bank subsidiaries, asset types, and clearing agents to provide us with sufficient operating liquidity to ensure timely settlement in all major markets, even in a difficult funding environment. In addition to the GCLA, we maintain cash balances in several of our other entities, primarily for use in specific currencies, entities, or jurisdictions where we do not have immediate access to parent company liquidity.

We believe that our GCLA provides us with a resilient source of funds that would be available in advance of potential cash and collateral outflows and gives us significant flexibility in managing through a difficult funding environment.

Asset-Liability Management. Our liquidity risk management policies are designed to ensure we have a sufficient amount of financing, even when funding markets experience persistent stress. We manage the maturities and diversity of our funding across markets, products and counterparties, and seek to maintain a long-dated and diversified funding profile, taking into consideration the characteristics and liquidity profile of our assets.

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Our approach to asset-liability management includes:

• Conservatively managing the overall characteristics of our funding book, with a focus on maintaining long-term, diversified sources of funding in excess of our current requirements. See “Balance Sheet and Funding Sources — Funding Sources” for additional details;

• Actively managing and monitoring our asset base, with particular focus on the liquidity, holding period and our ability to fund assets on a secured basis. We assess our funding requirements and our ability to liquidate assets in a stressed environment while appropriately managing risk. This enables us to determine the most appropriate funding products and tenors. See “Balance Sheet and Funding Sources — Balance Sheet Management” for more detail on our balance sheet management process and “— Funding Sources — Secured Funding” for more detail on asset classes that may be harder to fund on a secured basis; and

• Raising secured and unsecured financing that has a long tenor relative to the liquidity profile of our assets. This reduces the risk that our liabilities will come due in advance of our ability to generate liquidity from the sale of our assets. Because we maintain a highly liquid balance sheet, the holding period of certain of our assets may be materially shorter than their contractual maturity dates.

Our goal is to ensure that we maintain sufficient liquidity to fund our assets and meet our contractual and contingent obligations in normal times as well as during periods of market stress. Through our dynamic balance sheet management process, we use actual and projected asset balances to determine secured and unsecured funding requirements. Funding plans are reviewed and approved by the Firmwide Finance Committee on a quarterly basis. In addition, senior managers in our independent control and support functions regularly analyze, and the Firmwide Finance Committee reviews, our consolidated total capital position (unsecured long-term borrowings plus total shareholders’ equity) so that we maintain a level of long-term funding that is sufficient to meet our long-term financing requirements. In a liquidity crisis, we would first use our GCLA in order to avoid reliance on asset sales (other than our GCLA). However, we recognize that orderly asset sales may be prudent or necessary in a severe or persistent liquidity crisis.

Subsidiary Funding Policies

The majority of our unsecured funding is raised by Group Inc. which lends the necessary funds to its subsidiaries, some of which are regulated, to meet their asset financing, liquidity and capital requirements. In addition, Group Inc. provides its regulated subsidiaries with the necessary capital to meet their regulatory requirements. The benefits of this approach to subsidiary funding are enhanced control and greater flexibility to meet the funding requirements of our subsidiaries. Funding is also raised at the subsidiary level through a variety of products, including secured funding, unsecured borrowings and deposits.

Our intercompany funding policies assume that, unless legally provided for, a subsidiary’s funds or securities are not freely available to its parent or other subsidiaries. In particular, many of our subsidiaries are subject to laws that authorize regulatory bodies to block or reduce the flow of funds from those subsidiaries to Group Inc. Regulatory action of that kind could impede access to funds that Group Inc. needs to make payments on its obligations. Accordingly, we assume that the capital provided to our regulated subsidiaries is not available to Group Inc. or other subsidiaries and any other financing provided to our regulated subsidiaries is not available until the maturity of such financing.

Group Inc. has provided substantial amounts of equity and subordinated indebtedness, directly or indirectly, to its regulated subsidiaries. For example, as of December 2016, Group Inc. had $30.09 billion of equity and subordinated indebtedness invested in GS&Co., its principal U.S. registered broker-dealer; $36.94 billion invested in GSI, a regulated U.K. broker-dealer; $2.62 billion invested in Goldman Sachs Japan Co., Ltd. (GSJCL), a regulated Japanese broker-dealer; $26.61 billion invested in GS Bank USA, a regulated New York State-chartered bank; and $3.77 billion invested in GSIB, a regulated U.K. bank. Group Inc. also provided, directly or indirectly, $97.77 billion of unsubordinated loans (including secured loans of $49.90 billion), and $19.60 billion of collateral and cash deposits to these entities, substantially all of which was to GS&Co., GSI, GSJCL and GS Bank USA, as of December 2016. In addition, as of December 2016, Group Inc. had significant amounts of capital invested in and loans to its other regulated subsidiaries.

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Contingency Funding Plan. We maintain a contingency funding plan to provide a framework for analyzing and responding to a liquidity crisis situation or periods of market stress. Our contingency funding plan outlines a list of potential risk factors, key reports and metrics that are reviewed on an ongoing basis to assist in assessing the severity of, and managing through, a liquidity crisis and/or market dislocation. The contingency funding plan also describes in detail our potential responses if our assessments indicate that we have entered a liquidity crisis, which include pre-funding for what we estimate will be our potential cash and collateral needs as well as utilizing secondary sources of liquidity. Mitigants and action items to address specific risks which may arise are also described and assigned to individuals responsible for execution.

The contingency funding plan identifies key groups of individuals to foster effective coordination, control and distribution of information, all of which are critical in the management of a crisis or period of market stress. The contingency funding plan also details the responsibilities of these groups and individuals, which include making and disseminating key decisions, coordinating all contingency activities throughout the duration of the crisis or period of market stress, implementing liquidity maintenance activities and managing internal and external communication.

Liquidity Stress Tests

In order to determine the appropriate size of our GCLA, we use an internal liquidity model, referred to as the Modeled Liquidity Outflow, which captures and quantifies our liquidity risks. We also consider other factors including, but not limited to, an assessment of our potential intraday liquidity needs through an additional internal liquidity model, referred to as the Intraday Liquidity Model, the results of our long-term stress testing models, applicable regulatory requirements and a qualitative assessment of the condition of the financial markets and the firm. The results of the Modeled Liquidity Outflow, the Intraday Liquidity Model and the long-term stress testing models are reported to senior management on a regular basis.

Modeled Liquidity Outflow. Our Modeled Liquidity Outflow is based on conducting multiple scenarios that include combinations of market-wide and firm-specific stress. These scenarios are characterized by the following qualitative elements:

• Severely challenged market environments, including low consumer and corporate confidence, financial and political instability, adverse changes in market values, including potential declines in equity markets and widening of credit spreads; and

• A firm-specific crisis potentially triggered by material losses, reputational damage, litigation, executive departure, and/or a ratings downgrade.

The following are the critical modeling parameters of the Modeled Liquidity Outflow:

• Liquidity needs over a 30-day scenario;

• A two-notch downgrade of our long-term senior unsecured credit ratings;

• A combination of contractual outflows, such as upcoming maturities of unsecured debt, and contingent outflows (e.g., actions though not contractually required, we may deem necessary in a crisis). We assume that most contingent outflows will occur within the initial days and weeks of a crisis;

• No issuance of equity or unsecured debt;

• No support from additional government funding facilities. Although we have access to various central bank funding programs, we do not assume reliance on additional sources of funding in a liquidity crisis; and

• No asset liquidation, other than the GCLA.

The potential contractual and contingent cash and collateral outflows covered in our Modeled Liquidity Outflow include:

Unsecured Funding

• Contractual: All upcoming maturities of unsecured long-term debt, commercial paper, and other unsecured funding products. We assume that we will be unable to issue new unsecured debt or rollover any maturing debt.

• Contingent: Repurchases of our outstanding long-term debt, commercial paper and hybrid financial instruments in the ordinary course of business as a market maker.

Deposits

• Contractual: All upcoming maturities of term deposits. We assume that we will be unable to raise new term deposits or rollover any maturing term deposits.

• Contingent: Partial withdrawals of deposits that have no contractual maturity. The withdrawal assumptions reflect, among other factors, the type of deposit, whether the deposit is insured or uninsured, and our relationship with the depositor.

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Secured Funding

• Contractual: A portion of upcoming contractual maturities of secured funding due to either the inability to refinance or the ability to refinance only at wider haircuts (i.e., on terms which require us to post additional collateral). Our assumptions reflect, among other factors, the quality of the underlying collateral, counterparty roll probabilities (our assessment of the counterparty’s likelihood of continuing to provide funding on a secured basis at the maturity of the trade) and counterparty concentration.

• Contingent: Adverse changes in the value of financial assets pledged as collateral for financing transactions, which would necessitate additional collateral postings under those transactions.

OTC Derivatives

• Contingent: Collateral postings to counterparties due to adverse changes in the value of our OTC derivatives, excluding those that are cleared and settled through central counterparties (OTC-cleared).

• Contingent: Other outflows of cash or collateral related to OTC derivatives, excluding OTC-cleared, including the impact of trade terminations, collateral substitutions, collateral disputes, loss of rehypothecation rights, collateral calls or termination payments required by a two-notch downgrade in our credit ratings, and collateral that has not been called by counterparties, but is available to them.

Exchange-Traded and OTC-cleared Derivatives

• Contingent: Variation margin postings required due to adverse changes in the value of our outstanding exchange-traded and OTC-cleared derivatives.

• Contingent: An increase in initial margin and guaranty fund requirements by derivative clearing houses.

Customer Cash and Securities

• Contingent: Liquidity outflows associated with our prime brokerage business, including withdrawals of customer credit balances, and a reduction in customer short positions, which may serve as a funding source for long positions.

Firm Securities

• Contingent: Liquidity outflows associated with a reduction or composition change in firm short positions, which may serve as a funding source for long positions.

Unfunded Commitments

• Contingent: Draws on our unfunded commitments. Draw assumptions reflect, among other things, the type of commitment and counterparty.

Other

• Other upcoming large cash outflows, such as tax payments.

Intraday Liquidity Model. Our Intraday Liquidity Model measures our intraday liquidity needs using a scenario analysis characterized by the same qualitative elements as our Modeled Liquidity Outflow. The model assesses the risk of increased intraday liquidity requirements during a scenario where access to sources of intraday liquidity may become constrained.

The following are key modeling elements of the Intraday Liquidity Model:

• Liquidity needs over a one-day settlement period;

• Delays in receipt of counterparty cash payments;

• A reduction in the availability of intraday credit lines at our third-party clearing agents; and

• Higher settlement volumes due to an increase in activity.

Long-Term Stress Testing. We utilize a longer-term stress test to take a forward view on our liquidity position through a prolonged stress period in which we experience a severe liquidity stress and recover in an environment that continues to be challenging. We are focused on ensuring conservative asset-liability management to prepare for a prolonged period of potential stress, seeking to maintain a long-dated and diversified funding profile, taking into consideration the characteristics and liquidity profile of our assets.

We also perform stress tests on a regular basis as part of our routine risk management processes and conduct tailored stress tests on an ad hoc or product-specific basis in response to market developments.

Model Review and Validation

Treasury regularly refines our Modeled Liquidity Outflow, Intraday Liquidity Model and our other stress testing models to reflect changes in market or economic conditions and our business mix. Any changes, including model assumptions, are assessed and approved by Liquidity Risk Management.

Model Risk Management is responsible for the independent review and validation of our liquidity models. See “Model Risk Management” for further information about the review and validation of these models.

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Limits

We use liquidity limits at various levels and across liquidity risk types to manage the size of our liquidity exposures. Limits are measured relative to acceptable levels of risk given our liquidity risk tolerance. The purpose of the firmwide limits is to assist senior management in monitoring and controlling our overall liquidity profile.

The Risk Committee of the Board and the Firmwide Finance Committee approve liquidity risk limits at the firmwide level. Limits are reviewed frequently and amended, with required approvals, on a permanent and temporary basis, as appropriate, to reflect changing market or business conditions.

Our liquidity risk limits are monitored by Treasury and Liquidity Risk Management. Treasury is responsible for identifying and escalating, on a timely basis, instances where limits have been exceeded.

GCLA and Unencumbered Metrics

GCLA. Based on the results of our internal liquidity risk models, described above, as well as our consideration of other factors including, but not limited to, an assessment of our potential intraday liquidity needs and a qualitative assessment of the condition of the financial markets and the firm, we believe our liquidity position as of both December 2016 and December 2015 was appropriate. As of December 2016 and December 2015, the fair value of the securities and certain overnight cash deposits included in our GCLA totaled $226.07 billion and $199.12 billion, respectively. The increase in our GCLA from December 2015 to December 2016 is primarily a result of the acquisition of GE Capital Bank’s online deposit platform in April 2016. See Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements for further information about this acquisition. The fair value of our GCLA averaged $211.10 billion and $187.75 billion for the years ended December 2016 and December 2015, respectively.

The table below presents the average fair value of the securities and certain overnight cash deposits that are included in our GCLA.

	Average for the Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016	2015
U.S. dollar-denominated		$155,123	$132,415
Non-U.S. dollar-denominated		55,980	55,333
Total		$211,103	$187,748

The U.S. dollar-denominated GCLA is composed of (i) unencumbered U.S. government and federal agency obligations (including highly liquid U.S. federal agency mortgage-backed obligations), all of which are eligible as collateral in Federal Reserve open market operations and (ii) certain overnight U.S. dollar cash deposits. The non-U.S. dollar-denominated GCLA is composed of only unencumbered German, French, Japanese and U.K. government obligations and certain overnight cash deposits in highly liquid currencies. We strictly limit our GCLA to this narrowly defined list of securities and cash because they are highly liquid, even in a difficult funding environment. We do not include other potential sources of excess liquidity in our GCLA, such as less liquid unencumbered securities or committed credit facilities.

The table below presents the average fair value of our GCLA by asset class.

	Average for the Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Overnight cash deposits		$  92,336	$  61,407
U.S. government obligations		68,708	69,562
U.S. federal agency obligations		13,645	11,413
German, French, Japanese and U.K. government obligations		36,414	45,366
Total		$211,103	$187,748

We maintain our GCLA to enable us to meet current and potential liquidity requirements of our parent company, Group Inc., and its subsidiaries. Our Modeled Liquidity Outflow and Intraday Liquidity Model incorporate a consolidated requirement for Group Inc. as well as a standalone requirement for each of our major broker-dealer and bank subsidiaries. Liquidity held directly in each of these major subsidiaries is intended for use only by that subsidiary to meet its liquidity requirements and is assumed not to be available to Group Inc. unless (i) legally provided for and (ii) there are no additional regulatory, tax or other restrictions. In addition, the Modeled Liquidity Outflow and Intraday Liquidity Model also incorporate a broader assessment of standalone liquidity requirements for other subsidiaries and we hold a portion of our GCLA directly at Group Inc. to support such requirements.

The table below presents the average GCLA of Group Inc. and our major broker-dealer and bank subsidiaries.

	Average for the Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Group Inc.		$  43,638	$  41,284
Major broker-dealer subsidiaries		86,519	89,510
Major bank subsidiaries		80,946	56,954
Total		$211,103	$187,748

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 91

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Other Unencumbered Assets. In addition to our GCLA, we have a significant amount of other unencumbered cash and financial instruments, including other government obligations, high-grade money market securities, corporate obligations, marginable equities, loans and cash deposits not included in our GCLA. Beginning in January 2016, to be consistent with changes in the manner in which management views unencumbered assets, we included certain loans within our unencumbered assets. The fair value of our unencumbered assets averaged $142.33 billion and $90.36 billion for the years ended December 2016 and December 2015, respectively. Had these loans been included as of December 2015, the fair value of our unencumbered assets would have increased by $44.45 billion. We do not consider these assets liquid enough to be eligible for our GCLA.

Liquidity Regulatory Framework

The final rules on minimum liquidity standards approved by the U.S. federal bank regulatory agencies call for a liquidity coverage ratio (LCR) designed to ensure that banking organizations maintain an adequate level of unencumbered high-quality liquid assets (HQLA) based on expected net cash outflows under an acute short-term liquidity stress scenario. Our GCLA is substantially the same in composition as the assets that qualify as HQLA under these rules.

The LCR became effective in the U.S. on January 1, 2015, with a phase-in period whereby firms had an 80% minimum in 2015, which increased by 10% per year until 2017. In December 2016, the Federal Reserve Board issued a final rule that requires bank holding companies to disclose, on a quarterly basis beginning with the second quarter of 2017, LCR averages over the quarter, quantitative and qualitative information on certain components of the LCR calculation and projected net cash outflows. For the three months ended December 2016, our average LCR exceeded the fully phased-in minimum requirement, based on our interpretation and understanding of the finalized framework, which may evolve as we review our interpretation and application with our regulators.

In addition, in the second quarter of 2016, the U.S. federal bank regulatory agencies issued a proposed rule that calls for a net stable funding ratio (NSFR) for large U.S. banking organizations. The proposal would require banking organizations to ensure they have access to stable funding over a one-year time horizon. The proposed NSFR requirement has an effective date of January 1, 2018, including quarterly disclosure of the ratio, as well as a description of the banking organization’s stable funding sources. Based on our interpretation of the current proposal, we estimate that as of December 2016, our NSFR was slightly lower than the proposed requirement; however, we expect that we will be compliant with the requirement by the effective date.

The following is information on our subsidiary liquidity regulatory requirements:

• GS Bank USA. GS Bank USA is subject to minimum liquidity standards under the LCR rule approved by the U.S. federal bank regulatory agencies that became effective on January 1, 2015, with the same phase-in through 2017 described above. The U.S. federal bank regulatory agencies’ proposed rule on the NSFR described above would also apply to GS Bank USA.

• GSI. The LCR rule issued by the U.K. regulatory authorities became effective in the U.K. on October 1, 2015, with a phase-in period whereby certain financial institutions, including GSI, were required to have an 80% minimum ratio initially, increasing to 90% on January 1, 2017 and 100% on January 1, 2018.

• Other Subsidiaries. We monitor the local regulatory liquidity requirements of our subsidiaries to ensure compliance. For many of our subsidiaries, these requirements either have changed or are likely to change in the future due to the implementation of the Basel Committee’s framework for liquidity risk measurement, standards and monitoring, as well as other regulatory developments.

The implementation of these rules, and any amendments adopted by the applicable regulatory authorities, could impact our liquidity and funding requirements and practices in the future.

92 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Credit Ratings

We rely on the short-term and long-term debt capital markets to fund a significant portion of our day-to-day operations and the cost and availability of debt financing is influenced by our credit ratings. Credit ratings are also important when we are competing in certain markets, such as OTC derivatives, and when we seek to engage in longer-term transactions. See “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K for information about the risks associated with a reduction in our credit ratings.

The table below presents the unsecured credit ratings and outlook of Group Inc. by DBRS, Inc. (DBRS), Fitch, Inc. (Fitch), Moody’s Investors Service (Moody’s), Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services (S&P), and Rating and Investment Information, Inc. (R&I).

	As of December 2016
		DBRS		Fitch	Moody’s	S&P	R&I
Short-term Debt		R-1 (middle	)	F1	P-2	A-2	a-1
Long-term Debt		A (high	)	A	A3	BBB+	A
Subordinated Debt		A		A-	Baa2	BBB-	A-
Trust Preferred		A		BBB-	Baa3	BB	N/A
Preferred Stock		BBB (high	)	BB+	Ba1	BB	N/A
Ratings Outlook		Stable		Stable	Stable	Stable	Stable

In the table above:

• The ratings for Trust Preferred relate to the guaranteed preferred beneficial interests issued by Goldman Sachs Capital I.

• The DBRS, Fitch, Moody’s and S&P ratings for Preferred Stock include the APEX issued by Goldman Sachs Capital II and Goldman Sachs Capital III.

The table below presents the unsecured credit ratings and outlook of GS Bank USA, GSIB, GS&Co. and GSI, by Fitch, Moody’s and S&P.

	As of December 2016
		Fitch	Moody’s	S&P
GS Bank USA
Short-term Debt		F1	P-1	A-1
Long-term Debt		A+	A1	A+
Short-term Bank Deposits		F1+	P-1	N/A
Long-term Bank Deposits		AA-	A1	N/A
Ratings Outlook		Stable	Stable	Stable
GSIB
Short-term Debt		F1	P-1	A-1
Long-term Debt		A	A1	A+
Short-term Bank Deposits		F1	P-1	N/A
Long-term Bank Deposits		A	A1	N/A
Ratings Outlook		Stable	Stable	Stable
GS&Co.
Short-term Debt		F1	N/A	A-1
Long-term Debt		A+	N/A	A+
Ratings Outlook		Stable	N/A	Stable
GSI
Short-term Debt		F1	P-1	A-1
Long-term Debt		A	A1	A+
Ratings Outlook		Stable	Stable	Stable

During the fourth quarter of 2016, Fitch changed the outlook of GSIB and GSI from positive to stable. Additionally, S&P upgraded the long-term debt ratings of GS Bank USA, GSIB, GS&Co. and GSI from A to A+, and changed the outlook from watch positive to stable.

We believe our credit ratings are primarily based on the credit rating agencies’ assessment of:

• Our liquidity, market, credit and operational risk management practices;

• The level and variability of our earnings;

• Our capital base;

• Our franchise, reputation and management;

• Our corporate governance; and

• The external operating and economic environment, including, in some cases, the assumed level of government support or other systemic considerations, such as potential resolution.

Certain of our derivatives have been transacted under bilateral agreements with counterparties who may require us to post collateral or terminate the transactions based on changes in our credit ratings. We assess the impact of these bilateral agreements by determining the collateral or termination payments that would occur assuming a downgrade by all rating agencies. A downgrade by any one rating agency, depending on the agency’s relative ratings of us at the time of the downgrade, may have an impact which is comparable to the impact of a downgrade by all rating agencies. We manage our GCLA to ensure we would, among other potential requirements, be able to make the additional collateral or termination payments that may be required in the event of a two-notch reduction in our long-term credit ratings, as well as collateral that has not been called by counterparties, but is available to them.

The table below presents the additional collateral or termination payments related to our net derivative liabilities under bilateral agreements that could have been called at the reporting date by counterparties in the event of a one-notch and two-notch downgrade in our credit ratings.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Additional collateral or termination payments:
One-notch downgrade		$   677	$1,061
Two-notch downgrade		2,216	2,689

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 93

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Cash Flows

As a global financial institution, our cash flows are complex and bear little relation to our net earnings and net assets. Consequently, we believe that traditional cash flow analysis is less meaningful in evaluating our liquidity position than the liquidity and asset-liability management policies described above. Cash flow analysis may, however, be helpful in highlighting certain macro trends and strategic initiatives in our businesses.

Year Ended December 2016. Our cash and cash equivalents increased by $28.27 billion to $121.71 billion at the end of 2016. We generated $9.27 billion in net cash from investing activities, primarily from net cash acquired in business acquisitions. We generated $19.00 billion in net cash from financing activities and operating activities, primarily from increases in deposits and from net issuances of unsecured long-term borrowings, partially offset by repurchases of common stock.

Year Ended December 2015. Our cash and cash equivalents increased by $18.41 billion to $93.44 billion at the end of 2015. We used $18.57 billion in net cash for investing activities, primarily due to funding of loans receivable. We generated $36.99 billion in net cash from financing activities and operating activities primarily from net issuances of long-term borrowings and bank deposits, partially offset by repurchases of common stock.

Year Ended December 2014. Our cash and cash equivalents decreased by $3.84 billion to $75.03 billion at the end of 2014. We used $22.84 billion in net cash for operating and investing activities, which reflects an initiative to reduce our balance sheet, and the funding of loans receivable. We generated $19.00 billion in net cash from financing activities from an increase in bank deposits and net proceeds from issuances of unsecured long-term borrowings, partially offset by repurchases of common stock.

Market Risk Management

Overview

Market risk is the risk of loss in the value of our inventory, as well as certain other financial assets and financial liabilities, due to changes in market conditions. We employ a variety of risk measures, each described in the respective sections below, to monitor market risk. We hold inventory primarily for market making for our clients and for our investing and lending activities. Our inventory therefore changes based on client demands and our investment opportunities. Our inventory is accounted for at fair value and therefore fluctuates on a daily basis, with the related gains and losses included in “Market making” and “Other principal transactions.” Categories of market risk include the following:

• Interest rate risk: results from exposures to changes in the level, slope and curvature of yield curves, the volatilities of interest rates, mortgage prepayment speeds and credit spreads;

• Equity price risk: results from exposures to changes in prices and volatilities of individual equities, baskets of equities and equity indices;

• Currency rate risk: results from exposures to changes in spot prices, forward prices and volatilities of currency rates; and

• Commodity price risk: results from exposures to changes in spot prices, forward prices and volatilities of commodities, such as crude oil, petroleum products, natural gas, electricity, and precious and base metals.

Market Risk Management, which is independent of the revenue-producing units and reports to our chief risk officer, has primary responsibility for assessing, monitoring and managing our market risk. We monitor and control risks through strong firmwide oversight and independent control and support functions across our global businesses.

Managers in revenue-producing units and Market Risk Management discuss market information, positions and estimated risk and loss scenarios on an ongoing basis. Managers in revenue-producing units are accountable for managing risk within prescribed limits. These managers have in-depth knowledge of their positions, markets and the instruments available to hedge their exposures.

94 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Market Risk Management Process

We manage our market risk by diversifying exposures, controlling position sizes and establishing economic hedges in related securities or derivatives. This process includes:

• Accurate and timely exposure information incorporating multiple risk metrics;

• A dynamic limit setting framework; and

• Constant communication among revenue-producing units, risk managers and senior management.

Risk Measures

Market Risk Management produces risk measures and monitors them against established market risk limits. These measures reflect an extensive range of scenarios and the results are aggregated at product, business and firmwide levels.

We use a variety of risk measures to estimate the size of potential losses for both moderate and more extreme market moves over both short-term and long-term time horizons. Our primary risk measures are VaR, which is used for shorter-term periods, and stress tests. Our risk reports detail key risks, drivers and changes for each desk and business, and are distributed daily to senior management of both our revenue-producing units and our independent control and support functions.

Value-at-Risk. VaR is the potential loss in value due to adverse market movements over a defined time horizon with a specified confidence level. For assets and liabilities included in VaR, see “Financial Statement Linkages to Market Risk Measures.” We typically employ a one-day time horizon with a 95% confidence level. We use a single VaR model which captures risks including interest rates, equity prices, currency rates and commodity prices. As such, VaR facilitates comparison across portfolios of different risk characteristics. VaR also captures the diversification of aggregated risk at the firmwide level.

We are aware of the inherent limitations to VaR and therefore use a variety of risk measures in our market risk management process. Inherent limitations to VaR include:

• VaR does not estimate potential losses over longer time horizons where moves may be extreme;

• VaR does not take account of the relative liquidity of different risk positions; and

• Previous moves in market risk factors may not produce accurate predictions of all future market moves.

When calculating VaR, we use historical simulations with full valuation of approximately 70,000 market factors. VaR is calculated at a position level based on simultaneously shocking the relevant market risk factors for that position. We sample from five years of historical data to generate the scenarios for our VaR calculation. The historical data is weighted so that the relative importance of the data reduces over time. This gives greater importance to more recent observations and reflects current asset volatilities, which improves the accuracy of our estimates of potential loss. As a result, even if our positions included in VaR were unchanged, our VaR would increase with increasing market volatility and vice versa.

Given its reliance on historical data, VaR is most effective in estimating risk exposures in markets in which there are no sudden fundamental changes or shifts in market conditions.

Our VaR measure does not include:

• Positions that are best measured and monitored using sensitivity measures; and

• The impact of changes in counterparty and our own credit spreads on derivatives, as well as changes in our own credit spreads on unsecured borrowings for which the fair value option was elected.

We perform daily backtesting of our VaR model (i.e., comparing daily trading net revenues to the VaR measure calculated as of the prior business day) at the firmwide level and for each of our businesses and major regulated subsidiaries.

Stress Testing. Stress testing is a method of determining the effect of various hypothetical stress scenarios on the firm. We use stress testing to examine risks of specific portfolios as well as the potential impact of significant risk exposures across the firm. We use a variety of stress testing techniques to calculate the potential loss from a wide range of market moves on our portfolios, including sensitivity analysis, scenario analysis and firmwide stress tests. The results of our various stress tests are analyzed together for risk management purposes.

Sensitivity analysis is used to quantify the impact of a market move in a single risk factor across all positions (e.g., equity prices or credit spreads) using a variety of defined market shocks, ranging from those that could be expected over a one-day time horizon up to those that could take many months to occur. We also use sensitivity analysis to quantify the impact of the default of any single entity, which captures the risk of large or concentrated exposures.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 95

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Scenario analysis is used to quantify the impact of a specified event, including how the event impacts multiple risk factors simultaneously. For example, for sovereign stress testing we calculate potential direct exposure associated with our sovereign inventory as well as the corresponding debt, equity and currency exposures associated with our non-sovereign inventory that may be impacted by the sovereign distress. When conducting scenario analysis, we typically consider a number of possible outcomes for each scenario, ranging from moderate to severely adverse market impacts. In addition, these stress tests are constructed using both historical events and forward-looking hypothetical scenarios.

Firmwide stress testing combines market, credit, operational and liquidity risks into a single combined scenario. Firmwide stress tests are primarily used to assess capital adequacy as part of our capital planning and stress testing process; however, we also ensure that firmwide stress testing is integrated into our risk governance framework. This includes selecting appropriate scenarios to use for our capital planning and stress testing process. See “Equity Capital Management and Regulatory Capital — Equity Capital Management” above for further information.

Unlike VaR measures, which have an implied probability because they are calculated at a specified confidence level, there is generally no implied probability that our stress test scenarios will occur. Instead, stress tests are used to model both moderate and more extreme moves in underlying market factors. When estimating potential loss, we generally assume that our positions cannot be reduced or hedged (although experience demonstrates that we are generally able to do so).

Stress test scenarios are conducted on a regular basis as part of our routine risk management process and on an ad hoc basis in response to market events or concerns. Stress testing is an important part of our risk management process because it allows us to quantify our exposure to tail risks, highlight potential loss concentrations, undertake risk/reward analysis, and assess and mitigate our risk positions.

Limits. We use risk limits at various levels (including firmwide, business and product) to govern risk appetite by controlling the size of our exposures to market risk. Limits are set based on VaR and on a range of stress tests relevant to our exposures. Limits are reviewed frequently and amended on a permanent or temporary basis to reflect changing market conditions, business conditions or tolerance for risk.

The Risk Committee of the Board and the Risk Governance Committee (through delegated authority from the Firmwide Risk Committee) approve market risk limits and sub-limits at firmwide, business and product levels, consistent with our risk appetite. In addition, Market Risk Management (through delegated authority from the Risk Governance Committee) sets market risk limits and sub-limits at certain product and desk levels.

The purpose of the firmwide limits is to assist senior management in controlling our overall risk profile. Sub-limits are set below the approved level of risk limits. Sub-limits set the desired maximum amount of exposure that may be managed by any particular business on a day-to-day basis without additional levels of senior management approval, effectively leaving day-to-day decisions to individual desk managers and traders. Accordingly, sub-limits are a management tool designed to ensure appropriate escalation rather than to establish maximum risk tolerance. Sub-limits also distribute risk among various businesses in a manner that is consistent with their level of activity and client demand, taking into account the relative performance of each area.

Our market risk limits are monitored daily by Market Risk Management, which is responsible for identifying and escalating, on a timely basis, instances where limits have been exceeded.

When a risk limit has been exceeded (e.g., due to positional changes or changes in market conditions, such as increased volatilities or changes in correlations), it is escalated to senior managers in Market Risk Management and/or the appropriate risk committee. Such instances are remediated by an inventory reduction and/or a temporary or permanent increase to the risk limit.

Model Review and Validation

Our VaR and stress testing models are regularly reviewed by Market Risk Management and enhanced in order to incorporate changes in the composition of positions included in our market risk measures, as well as variations in market conditions. Prior to implementing significant changes to our assumptions and/or models, Model Risk Management performs model validations. Significant changes to our VaR and stress testing models are reviewed with our chief risk officer and chief financial officer, and approved by the Firmwide Risk Committee.

See “Model Risk Management” for further information about the review and validation of these models.

96 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Systems

We have made a significant investment in technology to monitor market risk including:

• An independent calculation of VaR and stress measures;

• Risk measures calculated at individual position levels;

• Attribution of risk measures to individual risk factors of each position;

• The ability to report many different views of the risk measures (e.g., by desk, business, product type or legal entity); and

• The ability to produce ad hoc analyses in a timely manner.

Metrics

We analyze VaR at the firmwide level and a variety of more detailed levels, including by risk category, business, and region. The tables below present, by risk category, average daily VaR and period-end VaR, as well as the high and low VaR for the period. Diversification effect in the tables below represents the difference between total VaR and the sum of the VaRs for the four risk categories. This effect arises because the four market risk categories are not perfectly correlated.

The table below presents average daily VaR.

$ in millions	Year Ended December
		2016		2015		2014
Risk Categories
Interest rates		$ 45		$ 47		$ 51
Equity prices		25		26		26
Currency rates		21		30		19
Commodity prices		17		20		21
Diversification effect		(45	)	(47	)	(45	)
Total		$ 63		$ 76		$ 72

Our average daily VaR decreased to $63 million in 2016 from $76 million in 2015, primarily reflecting a decrease in the currency rates category, principally due to reduced exposures, and a decrease in the commodity prices category due to lower levels of volatility and reduced exposures.

Our average daily VaR increased to $76 million in 2015 from $72 million in 2014, reflecting an increase in the currency rates category due to higher levels of volatility, partially offset by a decrease in the interest rates category due to decreased exposures.

The table below presents period-end VaR.

$ in millions	As of December
		2016		2015		2014
Risk Categories
Interest rates		$ 45		$ 43		$ 53
Equity prices		34		24		19
Currency rates		23		31		24
Commodity prices		19		17		23
Diversification effect		(39	)	(48	)	(42	)
Total		$ 82		$ 67		$ 77

Our daily VaR increased to $82 million as of December 2016 from $67 million as of December 2015, primarily reflecting an increase in the equity prices category, principally due to increased exposures, and a decrease in the diversification benefit across risk categories, partially offset by a decrease in the currency rates category, principally due to lower levels of volatility.

Our daily VaR decreased to $67 million as of December 2015 from $77 million as of December 2014, primarily reflecting decreases in the interest rates and commodity prices categories due to decreased exposures, and an increase in the diversification benefit across risk categories. In addition, the currency rates and equity prices categories increased due to higher levels of volatility.

During 2016 and 2014, the firmwide VaR risk limit was not exceeded, raised or reduced. During 2015, the firmwide VaR risk limit was temporarily raised on two occasions in order to facilitate client transactions. Separately, in March 2015, the firmwide VaR risk limit was reduced, reflecting lower risk utilization over the last year.

The table below presents high and low VaR by risk category.

$ in millions	Year Ended December 2016
		High	Low
Risk Categories
Interest rates		$64	$34
Equity prices		36	19
Currency rates		40	10
Commodity prices		28	13

The high and low total VaR was $83 million and $47 million, respectively, for the year ended December 2016.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 97

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

The chart below reflects our daily VaR over the last four quarters.

The chart below presents the frequency distribution of our daily trading net revenues for substantially all positions included in VaR for 2016.

Daily trading net revenues are compared with VaR calculated as of the end of the prior business day. Trading losses incurred on a single day did not exceed our 95% one-day VaR during 2016 and 2015 (i.e., a VaR exception) and exceeded our 95% one-day VaR on one occasion during 2014.

During periods in which we have significantly more positive net revenue days than net revenue loss days, we expect to have fewer VaR exceptions because, under normal conditions, our business model generally produces positive net revenues. In periods in which our franchise revenues are adversely affected, we generally have more loss days, resulting in more VaR exceptions. The daily market-making revenues used to determine VaR exceptions reflect the impact of any intraday activity, including bid/offer net revenues, which are more likely than not to be positive by their nature.

Sensitivity Measures

Certain portfolios and individual positions are not included in VaR because VaR is not the most appropriate risk measure. Other sensitivity measures we use to analyze market risk are described below.

10% Sensitivity Measures. The table below presents market risk for positions that are not included in VaR. The market risk of these positions is determined by estimating the potential reduction in net revenues of a 10% decline in the value of these positions. Equity positions below relate to private and restricted public equity securities, including interests in funds that invest in corporate equities and real estate and interests in hedge funds. Debt positions include interests in funds that invest in corporate mezzanine and senior debt instruments, loans backed by commercial and residential real estate, corporate bank loans and other corporate debt, including acquired portfolios of distressed loans. These equity and debt positions in our consolidated statements of financial condition are included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value.” See Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements for further information about cash instruments. These measures do not reflect diversification benefits across asset categories or across other market risk measures.

$ in millions	As of December
		2016	2015	2014
Asset Categories
Equity		$2,085	$2,157	$2,132
Debt		1,702	1,479	1,686
Total		$3,787	$3,636	$3,818

Credit Spread Sensitivity on Derivatives and Financial Liabilities. VaR excludes the impact of changes in counterparty and our own credit spreads on derivatives as well as changes in our own credit spreads on financial liabilities for which the fair value option was elected. The estimated sensitivity to a one basis point increase in credit spreads (counterparty and our own) on derivatives was a gain of $2 million and $3 million (including hedges) as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively. In addition, the estimated sensitivity to a one basis point increase in our own credit spreads on financial liabilities for which the fair value option was elected was a gain of $25 million and $17 million as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively. However, the actual net impact of a change in our own credit spreads is also affected by the liquidity, duration and convexity (as the sensitivity is not linear to changes in yields) of those financial liabilities for which the fair value option was elected, as well as the relative performance of any hedges undertaken.

98 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Interest Rate Sensitivity. “Loans receivable” as of December 2016 and December 2015 were $49.67 billion and $45.41 billion, respectively, substantially all of which had floating interest rates. As of December 2016 and December 2015, the estimated sensitivity to a 100 basis point increase in interest rates on such loans was $405 million and $396 million, respectively, of additional interest income over a twelve-month period, which does not take into account the potential impact of an increase in costs to fund such loans. See Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements for further information about loans receivable.

Other Market Risk Considerations

As of December 2016 and December 2015, we had commitments and held loans for which we have obtained credit loss protection from Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group, Inc. See Note 18 to the consolidated financial statements for further information about such lending commitments.

In addition, we make investments accounted for under the equity method and we also make direct investments in real estate, both of which are included in “Other assets.” Direct investments in real estate are accounted for at cost less accumulated depreciation. See Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements for further information about “Other assets.”

Financial Statement Linkages to Market Risk Measures

We employ a variety of risk measures, each described in the respective sections above, to monitor market risk across the consolidated statements of financial condition and consolidated statements of earnings. The related gains and losses on these positions are included in “Market making,” “Other principal transactions,” “Interest income” and “Interest expense” in the consolidated statements of earnings, and “Debt valuation adjustment” in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

The table below presents certain categories in our consolidated statements of financial condition and the market risk measures used to assess those assets and liabilities. Certain categories on the consolidated statements of financial condition are incorporated in more than one risk measure.

Categories on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition Included in Market Risk Measures	Market Risk Measures
Collateralized agreements •  Securities purchased under agreements to resell, at fair value •  Securities borrowed, at fair value	•  VaR
Receivables •  Certain secured loans, at fair value •  Loans receivable	•  VaR •  Interest Rate Sensitivity
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	•  VaR •  10% Sensitivity Measures •  Credit Spread Sensitivity — Derivatives
Deposits, at fair value	•  Credit Spread Sensitivity —Financial Liabilities
Collateralized financings •  Securities sold under agreements to repurchase, at fair value •  Securities loaned, at fair value •  Other secured financings, at fair value	•  VaR
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	•  VaR •  Credit Spread Sensitivity — Derivatives
Unsecured short-term borrowings and unsecured long-term borrowings, at fair value	•  VaR •  Credit Spread Sensitivity —Financial Liabilities

Credit Risk Management

Overview

Credit risk represents the potential for loss due to the default or deterioration in credit quality of a counterparty (e.g., an OTC derivatives counterparty or a borrower) or an issuer of securities or other instruments we hold. Our exposure to credit risk comes mostly from client transactions in OTC derivatives and loans and lending commitments. Credit risk also comes from cash placed with banks, securities financing transactions (i.e., resale and repurchase agreements and securities borrowing and lending activities) and receivables from brokers, dealers, clearing organizations, customers and counterparties.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 99

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Credit Risk Management, which is independent of the revenue-producing units and reports to our chief risk officer, has primary responsibility for assessing, monitoring and managing credit risk. The Credit Policy Committee and the Firmwide Risk Committee establish and review credit policies and parameters. In addition, we hold other positions that give rise to credit risk (e.g., bonds held in our inventory and secondary bank loans). These credit risks are captured as a component of market risk measures, which are monitored and managed by Market Risk Management, consistent with other inventory positions. We also enter into derivatives to manage market risk exposures. Such derivatives also give rise to credit risk, which is monitored and managed by Credit Risk Management.

Credit Risk Management Process

Effective management of credit risk requires accurate and timely information, a high level of communication and knowledge of customers, countries, industries and products. Our process for managing credit risk includes:

• Approving transactions and setting and communicating credit exposure limits;

• Establishing or approving underwriting standards;

• Monitoring compliance with established credit exposure limits;

• Assessing the likelihood that a counterparty will default on its payment obligations;

• Measuring our current and potential credit exposure and losses resulting from counterparty default;

• Reporting of credit exposures to senior management, the Board and regulators;

• Using credit risk mitigants, including collateral and hedging; and

• Communicating and collaborating with other independent control and support functions such as operations, legal and compliance.

As part of the risk assessment process, Credit Risk Management performs credit reviews, which include initial and ongoing analyses of our counterparties. For substantially all of our credit exposures, the core of our process is an annual counterparty credit review. A credit review is an independent analysis of the capacity and willingness of a counterparty to meet its financial obligations, resulting in an internal credit rating. The determination of internal credit ratings also incorporates assumptions with respect to the nature of and outlook for the counterparty’s industry, and the economic environment. Senior personnel within Credit Risk Management, with expertise in specific industries, inspect and approve credit reviews and internal credit ratings.

Our risk assessment process may also include, where applicable, reviewing certain key metrics, such as delinquency status, collateral values, credit scores and other risk factors.

Our global credit risk management systems capture credit exposure to individual counterparties and on an aggregate basis to counterparties and their subsidiaries (economic groups). These systems also provide management with comprehensive information on our aggregate credit risk by product, internal credit rating, industry, country and region.

Risk Measures and Limits

We measure our credit risk based on the potential loss in the event of non-payment by a counterparty using current and potential exposure. For derivatives and securities financing transactions, current exposure represents the amount presently owed to us after taking into account applicable netting and collateral arrangements while potential exposure represents our estimate of the future exposure that could arise over the life of a transaction based on market movements within a specified confidence level. Potential exposure also takes into account netting and collateral arrangements. For loans and lending commitments, the primary measure is a function of the notional amount of the position.

We use credit limits at various levels (e.g., counterparty, economic group, industry and country) as well as underwriting standards to control the size and nature of our credit exposures. Limits for counterparties and economic groups are reviewed regularly and revised to reflect changing risk appetites for a given counterparty or group of counterparties. Limits for industries and countries are based on our risk tolerance and are designed to allow for regular monitoring, review, escalation and management of credit risk concentrations. The Risk Committee of the Board and the Risk Governance Committee (through delegated authority from the Firmwide Risk Committee) approve credit risk limits at firmwide, business and product levels. Credit Risk Management (through delegated authority from the Risk Governance Committee) sets credit limits for individual counterparties, economic groups, industries and countries. Policies authorized by the Firmwide Risk Committee, the Risk Governance Committee and the Credit Policy Committee prescribe the level of formal approval required for us to assume credit exposure to a counterparty across all product areas, taking into account any applicable netting provisions, collateral or other credit risk mitigants.

100 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Stress Tests

We use regular stress tests to calculate the credit exposures, including potential concentrations that would result from applying shocks to counterparty credit ratings or credit risk factors (e.g., currency rates, interest rates, equity prices). These shocks include a wide range of moderate and more extreme market movements. Some of our stress tests include shocks to multiple risk factors, consistent with the occurrence of a severe market or economic event. In the case of sovereign default, we estimate the direct impact of the default on our sovereign credit exposures, changes to our credit exposures arising from potential market moves in response to the default, and the impact of credit market deterioration on corporate borrowers and counterparties that may result from the sovereign default. Unlike potential exposure, which is calculated within a specified confidence level, with a stress test there is generally no assumed probability of these events occurring.

We perform stress tests on a regular basis as part of our routine risk management processes and conduct tailored stress tests on an ad hoc basis in response to market developments. Stress tests are conducted jointly with our market and liquidity risk functions.

Model Review and Validation

Our potential credit exposure and stress testing models, and any changes to such models or assumptions, are reviewed by Model Risk Management. See “Model Risk Management” for further information about the review and validation of these models.

Risk Mitigants

To reduce our credit exposures on derivatives and securities financing transactions, we may enter into netting agreements with counterparties that permit us to offset receivables and payables with such counterparties. We may also reduce credit risk with counterparties by entering into agreements that enable us to obtain collateral from them on an upfront or contingent basis and/or to terminate transactions if the counterparty’s credit rating falls below a specified level. We monitor the fair value of the collateral on a daily basis to ensure that our credit exposures are appropriately collateralized. We seek to minimize exposures where there is a significant positive correlation between the creditworthiness of our counterparties and the market value of collateral we receive.

For loans and lending commitments, depending on the credit quality of the borrower and other characteristics of the transaction, we employ a variety of potential risk mitigants. Risk mitigants include collateral provisions, guarantees, covenants, structural seniority of the bank loan claims and, for certain lending commitments, provisions in the legal documentation that allow us to adjust loan amounts, pricing, structure and other terms as market conditions change. The type and structure of risk mitigants employed can significantly influence the degree of credit risk involved in a loan or lending commitment.

When we do not have sufficient visibility into a counterparty’s financial strength or when we believe a counterparty requires support from its parent, we may obtain third-party guarantees of the counterparty’s obligations. We may also mitigate our credit risk using credit derivatives or participation agreements.

Credit Exposures

As of December 2016, our credit exposures increased as compared with December 2015, primarily reflecting an increase in cash deposits with central banks. The percentage of our credit exposures arising from non-investment-grade counterparties (based on our internally determined public rating agency equivalents) decreased as compared with December 2015, reflecting an increase in investment-grade credit exposure related to cash deposits with central banks and a decrease in non-investment-grade loans and lending commitments. During 2016, the number of counterparty defaults increased as compared with 2015 and such defaults primarily occurred within loans and lending commitments. The total number of counterparty defaults remained low, representing less than 0.5% of all counterparties. Estimated losses associated with counterparty defaults were higher compared with 2015 and were not material. Our credit exposures are described further below.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. Our credit exposure on cash and cash equivalents arises from our unrestricted cash, and includes both interest-bearing and non-interest-bearing deposits. To mitigate the risk of credit loss, we place substantially all of our deposits with highly-rated banks and central banks. Unrestricted cash was $107.06 billion and $75.11 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, and excludes cash segregated for regulatory and other purposes of $14.65 billion and $18.33 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 101

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

OTC Derivatives. Our credit exposure on OTC derivatives arises primarily from our market-making activities. As a market maker, we enter into derivative transactions to provide liquidity to clients and to facilitate the transfer and hedging of their risks. We also enter into derivatives to manage market risk exposures. We manage our credit exposure on OTC derivatives using the credit risk process, measures, limits and risk mitigants described above.

Derivatives are reported on a net-by-counterparty basis (i.e., the net payable or receivable for derivative assets and liabilities for a given counterparty) when a legal right of setoff exists under an enforceable netting agreement. Derivatives are accounted for at fair value, net of cash collateral received or posted under enforceable credit support agreements. We generally enter into OTC derivatives transactions under bilateral collateral arrangements that require the daily exchange of collateral. As credit risk is an essential component of fair value, we include a credit valuation adjustment (CVA) in the fair value of derivatives to reflect counterparty credit risk, as described in Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements. CVA is a function of the present value of expected exposure, the probability of counterparty default and the assumed recovery upon default.

The table below presents the distribution of our exposure to OTC derivatives by tenor, both before and after the effect of collateral and netting agreements.

$ in millions	Investment- Grade		Non-Investment- Grade / Unrated		Total
As of December 2016
Less than 1 year	$   24,840		$  3,983		$   28,823
1 - 5 years	30,801		3,676		34,477
Greater than 5 years	85,951		4,599		90,550
Total	141,592		12,258		153,850
Netting	(96,493	)	(6,232	)	(102,725	)
OTC derivative assets	$   45,099		$  6,026		$   51,125
Net credit exposure	$   28,879		$  4,922		$   33,801
As of December 2015
Less than 1 year	$   23,950		$  3,965		$   27,915
1 - 5 years	35,249		6,749		41,998
Greater than 5 years	85,394		4,713		90,107
Total	144,593		15,427		160,020
Netting	(103,087	)	(6,507	)	(109,594	)
OTC derivative assets	$   41,506		$  8,920		$   50,426
Net credit exposure	$   27,001		$  7,368		$   34,369

In the table above:

• Tenor is based on expected duration for mortgage-related credit derivatives and generally on remaining contractual maturity for other derivatives.

• Receivable and payable balances with the same counterparty in the same tenor category are netted within such tenor category.

• Receivable and payable balances for the same counterparty across tenor categories are netted under enforceable netting agreements, and cash collateral received is netted under enforceable credit support agreements.

• Net credit exposure represents OTC derivative assets, included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value,” less cash collateral and the fair value of securities collateral, primarily U.S. government and federal agency obligations and non-U.S. government and agency obligations, received under credit support agreements, which management considers when determining credit risk, but such collateral is not eligible for netting under U.S. GAAP.

The tables below present the distribution of our exposure to OTC derivatives by tenor and our internally determined public rating agency equivalents.

	Investment-Grade
$ in millions	AAA	AA		A		BBB	Total
As of December 2016
Less than 1 year	$    332	$   4,907		$ 12,595		$   7,006	$   24,840
1 - 5 years	862	6,898		12,814		10,227	30,801
Greater than 5 years	3,182	42,400		19,682		20,687	85,951
Total	4,376	54,205		45,091		37,920	141,592
Netting	(1,860)	(40,095	)	(31,644	)	(22,894)	(96,493)
OTC derivative assets	$ 2,516	$ 14,110		$ 13,447		$ 15,026	$   45,099
Net credit exposure	$ 2,283	$   8,366		$   8,401		$   9,829	$   28,879
As of December 2015
Less than 1 year	$    411	$   6,059		$ 10,051		$   7,429	$   23,950
1 - 5 years	1,214	10,374		16,995		6,666	35,249
Greater than 5 years	3,205	40,879		20,507		20,803	85,394
Total	4,830	57,312		47,553		34,898	144,593
Netting	(2,202)	(40,872	)	(36,847	)	(23,166)	(103,087)
OTC derivative assets	$ 2,628	$ 16,440		$ 10,706		$ 11,732	$   41,506
Net credit exposure	$ 2,427	$ 10,269		$   6,652		$   7,653	$   27,001

	Non-Investment-Grade / Unrated
$ in millions		BB or lower		Unrated		Total
As of December 2016
Less than 1 year		$  3,661		$322		$  3,983
1 - 5 years		3,653		23		3,676
Greater than 5 years		4,437		162		4,599
Total		11,751		507		12,258
Netting		(6,207	)	(25	)	(6,232	)
OTC derivative assets		$  5,544		$482		$  6,026
Net credit exposure		$  4,569		$353		$  4,922
As of December 2015
Less than 1 year		$  3,657		$308		$  3,965
1 - 5 years		6,505		244		6,749
Greater than 5 years		4,434		279		4,713
Total		14,596		831		15,427
Netting		(6,472	)	(35	)	(6,507	)
OTC derivative assets		$  8,124		$796		$  8,920
Net credit exposure		$  6,769		$599		$  7,368

102 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Lending and Financing Activities. We manage our lending and financing activities using the credit risk process, measures, limits and risk mitigants described above. Other lending positions, including secondary trading positions, are risk-managed as a component of market risk.

• Lending Activities. Our lending activities include lending to investment-grade and non-investment-grade corporate borrowers. Loans and lending commitments associated with these activities are principally used for operating liquidity and general corporate purposes or in connection with contingent acquisitions. Corporate loans may be secured or unsecured, depending on the loan purpose, the risk profile of the borrower and other factors. Our lending activities also include extending loans to borrowers that are secured by commercial and other real estate. See the tables below for further information about our credit exposures associated with these lending activities.

• Securities Financing Transactions. We enter into securities financing transactions in order to, among other things, facilitate client activities, invest excess cash, acquire securities to cover short positions and finance certain firm activities. We bear credit risk related to resale agreements and securities borrowed only to the extent that cash advanced or the value of securities pledged or delivered to the counterparty exceeds the value of the collateral received. We also have credit exposure on repurchase agreements and securities loaned to the extent that the value of securities pledged or delivered to the counterparty for these transactions exceeds the amount of cash or collateral received. Securities collateral obtained for securities financing transactions primarily includes U.S. government and federal agency obligations and non-U.S. government and agency obligations. We had approximately $29 billion and $27 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, of credit exposure related to securities financing transactions reflecting both netting agreements and collateral that management considers when determining credit risk. As of both December 2016 and December 2015, substantially all of our credit exposure related to securities financing transactions was with investment-grade financial institutions, funds and governments, primarily located in the Americas and EMEA.

• Other Credit Exposures. We are exposed to credit risk from our receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations and customers and counterparties. Receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations are primarily comprised of initial margin placed with clearing organizations and receivables related to sales of securities which have traded, but not yet settled. These receivables generally have minimal credit risk due to the low probability of clearing organization default and the short-term nature of receivables related to securities settlements. Receivables from customers and counterparties are generally comprised of collateralized receivables related to customer securities transactions and generally have minimal credit risk due to both the value of the collateral received and the short-term nature of these receivables. Our net credit exposure related to these activities was approximately $31 billion and $33 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, and was primarily comprised of initial margin (both cash and securities) placed with investment-grade clearing organizations. The regional breakdown of our net credit exposure related to these activities was approximately 44% and 44% in the Americas, approximately 42% and 45% in EMEA, and approximately 14% and 11% in Asia as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively.

In addition, we extend other loans and lending commitments to our private wealth management clients that are primarily secured by residential real estate, securities or other assets. We also purchase performing and distressed loans backed by residential real estate and consumer loans. The gross exposure related to such loans and lending commitments was approximately $28 billion as of both December 2016 and December 2015. The regional breakdown of our net credit exposure related to these activities was approximately 90% and 84% in the Americas, approximately 8% and 14% in EMEA, and approximately 2% and 2% in Asia as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively. The fair value of the collateral received against such loans and lending commitments generally exceeded the gross carrying amount as of both December 2016 and December 2015.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 103

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Credit Exposure by Industry, Region and Credit Quality

The tables below present our credit exposure related to cash, OTC derivatives, and loans and lending commitments (excluding credit exposures described above in “Securities Financing Transactions” and “Other Credit Exposures”) broken down by industry, region and credit quality.

	Cash as of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Credit Exposure by Industry
Funds		$       138	$     176
Financial Institutions		11,836	12,799
Sovereign		95,092	62,130
Total		$107,066	$75,105
Credit Exposure by Region
Americas		$  80,381	$54,846
EMEA		16,099	8,496
Asia		10,586	11,763
Total		$107,066	$75,105
Credit Exposure by Credit Quality (Credit Rating Equivalent)
AAA		$  83,899	$55,626
AA		8,784	4,286
A		13,344	14,243
BBB		971	855
BB or lower		68	95
Total		$107,066	$75,105

	OTC Derivatives as of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Credit Exposure by Industry
Funds		$  13,294	$10,899
Financial Institutions		14,116	11,314
Consumer, Retail & Healthcare		773	1,553
Sovereign		7,019	7,566
Municipalities & Nonprofit		2,959	3,984
Natural Resources & Utilities		3,707	4,846
Real Estate		85	205
Technology, Media & Telecommunications		4,188	1,839
Diversified Industrials		2,529	5,008
Other (including Special Purpose Vehicles)		2,455	3,212
Total		$  51,125	$50,426
Credit Exposure by Region
Americas		$  19,629	$17,724
EMEA		26,536	27,113
Asia		4,960	5,589
Total		$  51,125	$50,426
Credit Exposure by Credit Quality (Credit Rating Equivalent)
AAA		$    2,516	$  2,628
AA		14,110	16,440
A		13,447	10,706
BBB		15,026	11,732
BB or lower		5,544	8,124
Unrated		482	796
Total		$  51,125	$50,426

	Loans and Lending Commitments as of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Credit Exposure by Industry
Funds		$    3,854	$    2,595
Financial Institutions		13,630	14,063
Consumer, Retail & Healthcare		30,007	31,944
Sovereign		902	419
Municipalities & Nonprofit		709	628
Natural Resources & Utilities		25,694	24,476
Real Estate		13,034	15,045
Technology, Media & Telecommunications		33,232	36,444
Diversified Industrials		20,847	20,047
Other (including Special Purpose Vehicles)		12,301	13,941
Total		$154,210	$159,602
Credit Exposure by Region
Americas		$115,145	$121,271
EMEA		35,044	33,061
Asia		4,021	5,270
Total		$154,210	$159,602
Credit Exposure by Credit Quality (Credit Rating Equivalent)
AAA		$    3,135	$    4,148
AA		8,375	7,716
A		29,227	27,212
BBB		43,151	43,937
BB or lower		69,745	76,049
Unrated		577	540
Total		$154,210	$159,602

Selected Exposures

The section below provides information about our credit and market exposure to certain countries that have had heightened focus due to recent events and broad market concerns. Credit exposure represents the potential for loss due to the default or deterioration in credit quality of a counterparty or borrower. Market exposure represents the potential for loss in value of our long and short inventory due to changes in market prices.

Current levels of oil prices continue to raise concerns about Venezuela and Nigeria, and their sovereign debt. The political situation in Iraq has led to ongoing concerns about its economic stability. The debt crisis in Mozambique has resulted in the suspension of its funding by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, as well as credit rating downgrades. In addition, currency trading restrictions in Malaysia have negatively impacted investor confidence and raised concerns about the potential for further restrictions.

Our total credit and market exposure to each of Iraq, Venezuela, Nigeria, Mozambique and Malaysia as of December 2016 was not material.

104 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

We have a comprehensive framework to monitor, measure and assess our country exposures and to determine our risk appetite. We determine the country of risk by the location of the counterparty, issuer or underlier’s assets, where they generate revenue, the country in which they are headquartered, the jurisdiction where a claim against them could be enforced, and/or the government whose policies affect their ability to repay their obligations. We monitor our credit exposure to a specific country both at the individual counterparty level as well as at the aggregate country level.

We use regular stress tests, described above, to calculate the credit exposures, including potential concentrations that would result from applying shocks to counterparty credit ratings or credit risk factors. To supplement these regular stress tests, we also conduct tailored stress tests on an ad hoc basis in response to specific market events that we deem significant. These stress tests are designed to estimate the direct impact of the event on our credit and market exposures resulting from shocks to risk factors including, but not limited to, currency rates, interest rates, and equity prices. We also utilize these stress tests to estimate the indirect impact of certain hypothetical events on our country exposures, such as the impact of credit market deterioration on corporate borrowers and counterparties along with the shocks to the risk factors described above. The parameters of these shocks vary based on the scenario reflected in each stress test. We review estimated losses produced by the stress tests in order to understand their magnitude, highlight potential loss concentrations, and assess and mitigate our exposures where necessary.

See “Stress Tests” above, “Liquidity Risk Management — Liquidity Stress Tests” and “Market Risk Management — Market Risk Management Process  — Stress Testing” for further information about stress tests.

Operational Risk Management

Overview

Operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems or from external events. Our exposure to operational risk arises from routine processing errors as well as extraordinary incidents, such as major systems failures or legal and regulatory matters.

Potential types of loss events related to internal and external operational risk include:

• Clients, products and business practices;

• Execution, delivery and process management;

• Business disruption and system failures;

• Employment practices and workplace safety;

• Damage to physical assets;

• Internal fraud; and

• External fraud.

We maintain a comprehensive control framework designed to provide a well-controlled environment to minimize operational risks. The Firmwide Operational Risk Committee provides oversight of the ongoing development and implementation of our operational risk policies and framework. Operational Risk Management is a risk management function independent of our revenue-producing units, reports to our chief risk officer, and is responsible for developing and implementing policies, methodologies and a formalized framework for operational risk management with the goal of minimizing our exposure to operational risk.

Operational Risk Management Process

Managing operational risk requires timely and accurate information as well as a strong control culture. We seek to manage our operational risk through:

• Training, supervision and development of our people;

• Active participation of senior management in identifying and mitigating our key operational risks;

• Independent control and support functions that monitor operational risk on a daily basis, and implementation of extensive policies and procedures, and controls designed to prevent the occurrence of operational risk events;

• Proactive communication between our revenue producing units and our independent control and support functions; and

• A network of systems to facilitate the collection of data used to analyze and assess our operational risk exposure.

We combine top-down and bottom-up approaches to manage and measure operational risk. From a top-down perspective, our senior management assesses firmwide and business-level operational risk profiles. From a bottom-up perspective, revenue-producing units and independent control and support functions are responsible for risk identification and risk management on a day-to-day basis, including escalating operational risks to senior management.

Our operational risk management framework is in part designed to comply with the operational risk measurement rules under the Revised Capital Framework and has evolved based on the changing needs of our businesses and regulatory guidance.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 105

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Our operational risk management framework comprises the following practices:

• Risk identification and assessment;

• Risk measurement; and

• Risk monitoring and reporting.

Internal Audit performs an independent review of our operational risk management framework, including our key controls, processes and applications, on an annual basis to assess the effectiveness of our framework.

Risk Identification and Assessment

The core of our operational risk management framework is risk identification and assessment. We have a comprehensive data collection process, including firmwide policies and procedures, for operational risk events.

We have established policies that require our revenue-producing units and our independent control and support functions to report and escalate operational risk events. When operational risk events are identified, our policies require that the events be documented and analyzed to determine whether changes are required in our systems and/or processes to further mitigate the risk of future events.

In addition, our systems capture internal operational risk event data, key metrics such as transaction volumes, and statistical information such as performance trends. We use an internally developed operational risk management application to aggregate and organize this information. One of our key risk identification and assessment tools is an operational risk and control self-assessment process which is performed by managers from both revenue-producing units and independent control and support functions. This process consists of the identification and rating of operational risks, on a forward-looking basis, and the related controls. The results from this process are analyzed to evaluate operational risk exposures and identify businesses, activities or products with heightened levels of operational risk.

Risk Measurement

We measure our operational risk exposure over a twelve-month time horizon using both statistical modeling and scenario analyses, which involve qualitative assessments of the potential frequency and extent of potential operational risk losses, for each of our businesses. Operational risk measurement incorporates qualitative and quantitative assessments of factors including:

• Internal and external operational risk event data;

• Assessments of our internal controls;

• Evaluations of the complexity of our business activities;

• The degree of and potential for automation in our processes;

• New activity information;

• The legal and regulatory environment;

• Changes in the markets for our products and services, including the diversity and sophistication of our customers and counterparties; and

• Liquidity of the capital markets and the reliability of the infrastructure that supports the capital markets.

The results from these scenario analyses are used to monitor changes in operational risk and to determine business lines that may have heightened exposure to operational risk. These analyses ultimately are used in the determination of the appropriate level of operational risk capital to hold.

Risk Monitoring and Reporting

We evaluate changes in the operational risk profile of the firm and its businesses, including changes in business mix or jurisdictions in which we operate, by monitoring the factors noted above at a firmwide level. We have both preventive and detective internal controls, which are designed to reduce the frequency and severity of operational risk losses and the probability of operational risk events. We monitor the results of assessments and independent internal audits of these internal controls.

We also provide periodic operational risk reports to senior management, risk committees and the Board. In addition, we have established thresholds to monitor the impact of an operational risk event, including single loss events and cumulative losses over a twelve-month period, as well as escalation protocols. We also provide periodic operational risk reports, which include incidents that breach escalation thresholds, to senior management, firmwide and divisional risk committees and the Risk Committee of the Board.

Model Review and Validation

The statistical models utilized by Operational Risk Management are subject to independent review and validation by Model Risk Management. See “Model Risk Management” for further information about the review and validation of these models.

106 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Model Risk Management

Overview

Model risk is the potential for adverse consequences from decisions made based on model outputs that may be incorrect or used inappropriately. We rely on quantitative models across our business activities primarily to value certain financial assets and liabilities, to monitor and manage our risk, and to measure and monitor our regulatory capital.

Our model risk management framework is managed through a governance structure and risk management controls, which encompass standards designed to ensure we maintain a comprehensive model inventory, including risk assessment and classification, sound model development practices, independent review and model-specific usage controls. The Firmwide Risk Committee and the Firmwide Model Risk Control Committee oversee our model risk management framework. Model Risk Management, which is independent of model developers, model owners and model users, reports to our chief risk officer, is responsible for identifying and reporting significant risks associated with models, and provides periodic updates to senior management, risk committees and the Risk Committee of the Board.

Model Review and Validation

Model Risk Management consists of quantitative professionals who perform an independent review, validation and approval of our models. This review includes an analysis of the model documentation, independent testing, an assessment of the appropriateness of the methodology used, and verification of compliance with model development and implementation standards. Model Risk Management reviews all existing models on an annual basis, as well as new models or significant changes to models.

The model validation process incorporates a review of models and trade and risk parameters across a broad range of scenarios (including extreme conditions) in order to critically evaluate and verify:

• The model’s conceptual soundness, including the reasonableness of model assumptions, and suitability for intended use;

• The testing strategy utilized by the model developers to ensure that the models function as intended;

• The suitability of the calculation techniques incorporated in the model;

• The model’s accuracy in reflecting the characteristics of the related product and its significant risks;

• The model’s consistency with models for similar products; and

• The model’s sensitivity to input parameters and assumptions.

See “Critical Accounting Policies — Fair Value — Review of Valuation Models,” “Liquidity Risk Management,” “Market Risk Management,” “Credit Risk Management” and “Operational Risk Management” for further information about our use of models within these areas.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk are set forth under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Overview and Structure of Risk Management” in Part II, Item 7 of this Form 10-K.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 107

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries (the firm), is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. The firm’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of the firm’s principal executive and principal financial officers to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the firm’s financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

As of December 31, 2016, management conducted an assessment of the firm’s internal control over financial reporting based on the framework established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on this assessment, management has determined that the firm’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016 was effective.

Our internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect transactions and dispositions of assets; provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and the directors of the firm; and provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the firm’s assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements.

The firm’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report appearing on page 109, which expresses an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the firm’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016.

108 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and the Shareholders of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.:

In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition and the related consolidated statements of earnings, statements of comprehensive income, statements of changes in shareholders’ equity and statements of cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the Company) at December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing on page 108. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements and on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our integrated audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP

New York, New York

February 24, 2017

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 109

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Earnings

	Year Ended December
in millions, except per share amounts		2016	2015	2014
Revenues
Investment banking		$  6,273	$  7,027	$  6,464
Investment management		5,407	5,868	5,748
Commissions and fees		3,208	3,320	3,316
Market making		9,933	9,523	8,365
Other principal transactions		3,200	5,018	6,588
Total non-interest revenues		28,021	30,756	30,481
Interest income		9,691	8,452	9,604
Interest expense		7,104	5,388	5,557
Net interest income		2,587	3,064	4,047
Net revenues, including net interest income		30,608	33,820	34,528
Operating expenses
Compensation and benefits		11,647	12,678	12,691
Brokerage, clearing, exchange and distribution fees		2,555	2,576	2,501
Market development		457	557	549
Communications and technology		809	806	779
Depreciation and amortization		998	991	1,337
Occupancy		788	772	827
Professional fees		882	963	902
Other expenses		2,168	5,699	2,585
Total non-compensation expenses		8,657	12,364	9,480
Total operating expenses		20,304	25,042	22,171
Pre-tax earnings		10,304	8,778	12,357
Provision for taxes		2,906	2,695	3,880
Net earnings		7,398	6,083	8,477
Preferred stock dividends		311	515	400
Net earnings applicable to common shareholders		$  7,087	$  5,568	$  8,077
Earnings per common share
Basic		$  16.53	$  12.35	$  17.55
Diluted		16.29	12.14	17.07
Average common shares
Basic		427.4	448.9	458.9
Diluted		435.1	458.6	473.2

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

110 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015		2014
Net earnings		$7,398		$6,083		$8,477
Other comprehensive income/(loss) adjustments, net of tax:
Currency translation		(60	)	(114	)	(109	)
Debt valuation adjustment		(544	)	—		—
Pension and postretirement liabilities		(199	)	139		(102	)
Cash flow hedges		—		—		(8	)
Other comprehensive income/(loss)		(803	)	25		(219	)
Comprehensive income		$6,595		$6,108		$8,258

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 111

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition

	As of December
$ in millions, except per share amounts		2016		2015
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents		$121,711		$  93,439
Collateralized agreements:
Securities purchased under agreements to resell and federal funds sold (includes $116,077 as of December 2016 and $132,853 as of December 2015, at fair value)		116,925		134,308
Securities borrowed (includes $82,398 as of December 2016 and $75,340 as of December 2015, at fair value)		184,600		177,638
Receivables:
Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations		18,044		25,453
Customers and counterparties (includes $3,266 as of December 2016 and $4,992 as of December 2015, at fair value)		47,780		46,430
Loans receivable		49,672		45,407
Financial instruments owned, at fair value (includes $51,278 as of December 2016 and $54,426 as of December 2015, pledged as collateral)		295,952		313,502
Other assets		25,481		25,218
Total assets		$860,165		$861,395
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity
Deposits (includes $13,782 as of December 2016 and $14,680 as of December 2015, at fair value)		$124,098		$  97,519
Collateralized financings:
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase, at fair value		71,816		86,069
Securities loaned (includes $2,647 as of December 2016 and $466 as of December 2015, at fair value)		7,524		3,614
Other secured financings (includes $21,073 as of December 2016 and $23,207 as of December 2015, at fair value)		21,523		24,753
Payables:
Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations		4,386		5,406
Customers and counterparties		184,069		204,956
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value		117,143		115,248
Unsecured short-term borrowings, including the current portion of unsecured long-term borrowings (includes $14,792 as of December 2016 and $17,743 as of December 2015, at fair value)		39,265		42,787
Unsecured long-term borrowings (includes $29,410 as of December 2016 and $22,273 as of December 2015, at fair value)		189,086		175,422
Other liabilities and accrued expenses (includes $621 as of December 2016 and $1,253 as of December 2015, at fair value)		14,362		18,893
Total liabilities		773,272		774,667
Commitments, contingencies and guarantees
Shareholders’ equity
Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share; aggregate liquidation preference of $11,203 as of December 2016 and $11,200 as of December 2015		11,203		11,200
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 4,000,000,000 shares authorized, 873,608,100 shares issued as of December 2016 and 863,976,731 shares issued as of December 2015, and 392,632,230 shares outstanding as of December 2016 and 419,480,736 shares outstanding as of December 2015		9		9
Share-based awards		3,914		4,151
Nonvoting common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 200,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding		—		—
Additional paid-in capital		52,638		51,340
Retained earnings		89,039		83,386
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(1,216	)	(718	)
Stock held in treasury, at cost, par value $0.01 per share; 480,975,872 shares as of December 2016 and 444,495,997 shares as of December 2015		(68,694	)	(62,640	)
Total shareholders’ equity		86,893		86,728
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity		$860,165		$861,395

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

112 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015		2014
Preferred stock
Beginning balance		$ 11,200		$   9,200		$   7,200
Issued		1,325		2,000		2,000
Redeemed		(1,322	)	—		—
Ending balance		11,203		11,200		9,200
Common stock
Beginning balance		9		9		8
Issued		—		—		1
Ending balance		9		9		9
Share-based awards
Beginning balance		4,151		3,766		3,839
Issuance and amortization of share-based awards		2,143		2,308		2,079
Delivery of common stock underlying share-based awards		(2,068	)	(1,742	)	(1,725	)
Forfeiture of share-based awards		(102	)	(72	)	(92	)
Exercise of share-based awards		(210	)	(109	)	(335	)
Ending balance		3,914		4,151		3,766
Additional paid-in capital
Beginning balance		51,340		50,049		48,998
Delivery of common stock underlying share-based awards		2,282		2,092		2,206
Cancellation of share-based awards in satisfaction of withholding tax requirements		(1,121	)	(1,198	)	(1,922	)
Preferred stock issuance costs, net		(10	)	(7	)	(20	)
Excess net tax benefit related to share-based awards		147		406		788
Cash settlement of share-based awards		—		(2	)	(1	)
Ending balance		52,638		51,340		50,049
Retained earnings
Beginning balance, as previously reported		83,386		78,984		71,961
Reclassification of cumulative debt valuation adjustment, net of tax, to accumulated other comprehensive loss		(305	)	—		—
Beginning balance, adjusted		83,081		78,984		71,961
Net earnings		7,398		6,083		8,477
Dividends and dividend equivalents declared on common stock and share-based awards		(1,129	)	(1,166	)	(1,054	)
Dividends declared on preferred stock		(577	)	(515	)	(400	)
Preferred stock redemption discount		266		—		—
Ending balance		89,039		83,386		78,984
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Beginning balance, as previously reported		(718	)	(743	)	(524	)
Reclassification of cumulative debt valuation adjustment, net of tax, from retained earnings		305		—		—
Beginning balance, adjusted		(413	)	(743	)	(524	)
Other comprehensive income/(loss)		(803	)	25		(219	)
Ending balance		(1,216	)	(718	)	(743	)
Stock held in treasury, at cost
Beginning balance		(62,640	)	(58,468	)	(53,015	)
Repurchased		(6,069	)	(4,195	)	(5,469	)
Reissued		22		32		49
Other		(7	)	(9	)	(33	)
Ending balance		(68,694	)	(62,640	)	(58,468	)
Total shareholders’ equity		$ 86,893		$ 86,728		$ 82,797

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 113

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015		2014
Cash flows from operating activities
Net earnings		$    7,398		$   6,083		$   8,477
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by/(used for) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		998		991		1,337
Deferred income taxes		551		425		495
Share-based compensation		2,111		2,272		2,085
Loss/(gain) related to extinguishment of junior subordinated debt		3		(34	)	(289	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Receivables and payables (excluding loans receivable), net		(15,813	)	19,132		12,328
Collateralized transactions (excluding other secured financings), net		78		(14,825	)	(52,793	)
Financial instruments owned, at fair value		15,253		16,078		25,881
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value		1,960		(16,835	)	4,642
Other, net		(6,969	)	(5,417	)	(10,095	)
Net cash provided by/(used for) operating activities		5,570		7,870		(7,932	)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of property, leasehold improvements and equipment		(2,876	)	(1,833	)	(678	)
Proceeds from sales of property, leasehold improvements and equipment		381		228		30
Net cash acquired in/(used for) business acquisitions		14,922		(1,808	)	(1,732	)
Proceeds from sales of investments		1,512		1,019		1,514
Loans receivable, net		(4,669	)	(16,180	)	(14,043	)
Net cash provided by/(used for) investing activities		9,270		(18,574	)	(14,909	)
Cash flows from financing activities
Unsecured short-term borrowings, net		(1,506	)	(369	)	1,659
Other secured financings (short-term), net		(808	)	(867	)	(837	)
Proceeds from issuance of other secured financings (long-term)		4,186		10,349		6,900
Repayment of other secured financings (long-term), including the current portion		(7,375	)	(6,502	)	(7,636	)
Purchase of APEX, senior guaranteed securities and trust preferred securities		(1,171	)	(1	)	(1,611	)
Proceeds from issuance of unsecured long-term borrowings		50,763		44,595		39,857
Repayment of unsecured long-term borrowings, including the current portion		(36,557	)	(29,520	)	(28,138	)
Derivative contracts with a financing element, net		2,115		(47	)	643
Deposits, net		10,058		14,639		12,201
Common stock repurchased		(6,078	)	(4,135	)	(5,469	)
Dividends and dividend equivalents paid on common stock, preferred stock and share-based awards		(1,706	)	(1,681	)	(1,454	)
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock, net of issuance costs		1,303		1,993		1,980
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, including exercise of share-based awards		6		259		123
Excess tax benefit related to share-based awards		202		407		782
Cash settlement of share-based awards		—		(2	)	(1	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		13,432		29,118		18,999
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		28,272		18,414		(3,842	)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning balance		93,439		75,025		78,867
Cash and cash equivalents, ending balance		$121,711		$ 93,439		$ 75,025

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES:

Cash payments for interest, net of capitalized interest, were $7.14 billion, $4.82 billion and $6.43 billion, and cash payments for income taxes, net of refunds, were $1.06 billion, $2.65 billion and $3.05 billion for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Cash flows related to common stock repurchased includes common stock repurchased in the prior period for which settlement occurred during the current period and excludes common stock repurchased during the current period for which settlement occurred in the following period.

Non-cash activities during 2016:

• The impact of adoption of ASU No. 2015-02 was a net reduction to both total assets and liabilities of approximately $200 million. See Note 3 for further information.

• The firm sold assets and liabilities of $1.81 billion and $697 million, respectively, that were previously classified as held for sale, in exchange for $1.11 billion of financial instruments.

• The firm exchanged $1.04 billion of APEX for $1.31 billion of Series E and Series F Preferred Stock. See Note 19 for further information.

• The firm exchanged $127 million of senior guaranteed trust securities for $124 million of the firm’s junior subordinated debt.

Non-cash activities during 2015:

• The firm exchanged $262 million of Trust Preferred Securities and common beneficial interests for $296 million of the firm’s junior subordinated debt.

Non-cash activities during 2014:

• The firm exchanged $1.58 billion of Trust Preferred Securities, common beneficial interests and senior guaranteed trust securities for $1.87 billion of the firm’s junior subordinated debt.

• The firm sold certain consolidated investments and provided seller financing, which resulted in a non-cash increase to loans receivable of $115 million.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

114 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1.

Description of Business

The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (Group Inc. or parent company), a Delaware corporation, together with its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, the firm), is a leading global investment banking, securities and investment management firm that provides a wide range of financial services to a substantial and diversified client base that includes corporations, financial institutions, governments and individuals. Founded in 1869, the firm is headquartered in New York and maintains offices in all major financial centers around the world.

The firm reports its activities in the following four business segments:

Investment Banking

The firm provides a broad range of investment banking services to a diverse group of corporations, financial institutions, investment funds and governments. Services include strategic advisory assignments with respect to mergers and acquisitions, divestitures, corporate defense activities, restructurings, spin-offs and risk management, and debt and equity underwriting of public offerings and private placements, including local and cross-border transactions and acquisition financing, as well as derivative transactions directly related to these activities.

Institutional Client Services

The firm facilitates client transactions and makes markets in fixed income, equity, currency and commodity products, primarily with institutional clients such as corporations, financial institutions, investment funds and governments. The firm also makes markets in and clears client transactions on major stock, options and futures exchanges worldwide and provides financing, securities lending and other prime brokerage services to institutional clients.

Investing & Lending

The firm invests in and originates loans to provide financing to clients. These investments and loans are typically longer-term in nature. The firm makes investments, some of which are consolidated, directly and indirectly through funds that the firm manages, in debt securities and loans, public and private equity securities, infrastructure and real estate entities. The firm also makes unsecured loans to individuals through its online platform.

Investment Management

The firm provides investment management services and offers investment products (primarily through separately managed accounts and commingled vehicles, such as mutual funds and private investment funds) across all major asset classes to a diverse set of institutional and individual clients. The firm also offers wealth advisory services, including portfolio management and financial counseling, and brokerage and other transaction services to high-net-worth individuals and families.

Note 2.

Basis of Presentation

These consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP) and include the accounts of Group Inc. and all other entities in which the firm has a controlling financial interest. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

All references to 2016, 2015 and 2014 refer to the firm’s years ended, or the dates, as the context requires, December 31, 2016, December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. Any reference to a future year refers to a year ending on December 31 of that year. Certain reclassifications have been made to previously reported amounts to conform to the current presentation.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 115

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 3.

Significant Accounting Policies

The firm’s significant accounting policies include when and how to measure the fair value of assets and liabilities, accounting for goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, and when to consolidate an entity. See Notes 5 through 8 for policies on fair value measurements, Note 13 for policies on goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, and below and Note 12 for policies on consolidation accounting. All other significant accounting policies are either described below or included in the following footnotes:

Financial Instruments Owned, at Fair Value and Financial Instruments Sold, But Not Yet Purchased, at Fair Value	Note 4
Fair Value Measurements	Note 5
Cash Instruments	Note 6
Derivatives and Hedging Activities	Note 7
Fair Value Option	Note 8
Loans Receivable	Note 9
Collateralized Agreements and Financings	Note 10
Securitization Activities	Note 11
Variable Interest Entities	Note 12
Other Assets	Note 13
Deposits	Note 14
Short-Term Borrowings	Note 15
Long-Term Borrowings	Note 16
Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses	Note 17
Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees	Note 18
Shareholders’ Equity	Note 19
Regulation and Capital Adequacy	Note 20
Earnings Per Common Share	Note 21
Transactions with Affiliated Funds	Note 22
Interest Income and Interest Expense	Note 23
Income Taxes	Note 24
Business Segments	Note 25
Credit Concentrations	Note 26
Legal Proceedings	Note 27
Employee Benefit Plans	Note 28
Employee Incentive Plans	Note 29
Parent Company	Note 30

Consolidation

The firm consolidates entities in which the firm has a controlling financial interest. The firm determines whether it has a controlling financial interest in an entity by first evaluating whether the entity is a voting interest entity or a variable interest entity (VIE).

Voting Interest Entities. Voting interest entities are entities in which (i) the total equity investment at risk is sufficient to enable the entity to finance its activities independently and (ii) the equity holders have the power to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact its economic performance, the obligation to absorb the losses of the entity and the right to receive the residual returns of the entity. The usual condition for a controlling financial interest in a voting interest entity is ownership of a majority voting interest. If the firm has a controlling majority voting interest in a voting interest entity, the entity is consolidated.

Variable Interest Entities. A VIE is an entity that lacks one or more of the characteristics of a voting interest entity. The firm has a controlling financial interest in a VIE when the firm has a variable interest or interests that provide it with (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. See Note 12 for further information about VIEs.

Equity-Method Investments. When the firm does not have a controlling financial interest in an entity but can exert significant influence over the entity’s operating and financial policies, the investment is accounted for either (i) under the equity method of accounting or (ii) at fair value by electing the fair value option available under U.S. GAAP. Significant influence generally exists when the firm owns 20% to 50% of the entity’s common stock or in-substance common stock.

In general, the firm accounts for investments acquired after the fair value option became available, at fair value. In certain cases, the firm applies the equity method of accounting to new investments that are strategic in nature or closely related to the firm’s principal business activities, when the firm has a significant degree of involvement in the cash flows or operations of the investee or when cost-benefit considerations are less significant. See Note 13 for further information about equity-method investments.

116 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Investment Funds. The firm has formed numerous investment funds with third-party investors. These funds are typically organized as limited partnerships or limited liability companies for which the firm acts as general partner or manager. Generally, the firm does not hold a majority of the economic interests in these funds. These funds are usually voting interest entities and generally are not consolidated because third-party investors typically have rights to terminate the funds or to remove the firm as general partner or manager. Investments in these funds are generally measured at net asset value (NAV) and are included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value.” See Notes 6, 18 and 22 for further information about investments in funds.

Use of Estimates

Preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions, the most important of which relate to fair value measurements, accounting for goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, the provisions for losses that may arise from litigation, regulatory proceedings (including governmental investigations) and tax audits, and the allowance for losses on loans and lending commitments held for investment. These estimates and assumptions are based on the best available information but actual results could be materially different.

Revenue Recognition

Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities at Fair Value. Financial instruments owned, at fair value and Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value are recorded at fair value either under the fair value option or in accordance with other U.S. GAAP. In addition, the firm has elected to account for certain of its other financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value by electing the fair value option. The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Financial assets are marked to bid prices and financial liabilities are marked to offer prices. Fair value measurements do not include transaction costs. Fair value gains or losses are generally included in “Market making” for positions in Institutional Client Services and “Other principal transactions” for positions in Investing & Lending. See Notes 5 through 8 for further information about fair value measurements.

Investment Banking. Fees from financial advisory assignments and underwriting revenues are recognized in earnings when the services related to the underlying transaction are completed under the terms of the assignment. Expenses associated with such transactions are deferred until the related revenue is recognized or the assignment is otherwise concluded. Expenses associated with financial advisory assignments are recorded as non-compensation expenses, net of client reimbursements. Underwriting revenues are presented net of related expenses.

Investment Management. The firm earns management fees and incentive fees for investment management services. Management fees for mutual funds are calculated as a percentage of daily net asset value and are received monthly. Management fees for hedge funds and separately managed accounts are calculated as a percentage of month-end net asset value and are generally received quarterly. Management fees for private equity funds are calculated as a percentage of monthly invested capital or commitments and are received quarterly, semi-annually or annually, depending on the fund. All management fees are recognized over the period that the related service is provided. Incentive fees are calculated as a percentage of a fund’s or separately managed account’s return, or excess return above a specified benchmark or other performance target. Incentive fees are generally based on investment performance over a 12-month period or over the life of a fund. Fees that are based on performance over a 12-month period are subject to adjustment prior to the end of the measurement period. For fees that are based on investment performance over the life of the fund, future investment underperformance may require fees previously distributed to the firm to be returned to the fund. Incentive fees are recognized only when all material contingencies have been resolved. Management and incentive fee revenues are included in “Investment management” revenues.

The firm makes payments to brokers and advisors related to the placement of the firm’s investment funds. These payments are calculated based on either a percentage of the management fee or the investment fund’s net asset value. Where the firm is principal to the arrangement, such costs are recorded on a gross basis and included in “Brokerage, clearing, exchange and distribution fees,” and where the firm is agent to the arrangement, such costs are recorded on a net basis in “Investment management” revenues.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 117

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Commissions and Fees. The firm earns “Commissions and fees” from executing and clearing client transactions on stock, options and futures markets, as well as over-the-counter (OTC) transactions. Commissions and fees are recognized on the day the trade is executed.

Transfers of Assets

Transfers of assets are accounted for as sales when the firm has relinquished control over the assets transferred. For transfers of assets accounted for as sales, any gains or losses are recognized in net revenues. Assets or liabilities that arise from the firm’s continuing involvement with transferred assets are initially recognized at fair value. For transfers of assets that are not accounted for as sales, the assets generally remain in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value” and the transfer is accounted for as a collateralized financing, with the related interest expense recognized over the life of the transaction. See Note 10 for further information about transfers of assets accounted for as collateralized financings and Note 11 for further information about transfers of assets accounted for as sales.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The firm defines cash equivalents as highly liquid overnight deposits held in the ordinary course of business. As of December 2016 and December 2015, “Cash and cash equivalents” included $11.15 billion and $14.71 billion, respectively, of cash and due from banks, and $110.56 billion and $78.73 billion, respectively, of interest-bearing deposits with banks. The firm segregates cash for regulatory and other purposes related to client activity. As of December 2016 and December 2015, $14.65 billion and $18.33 billion, respectively, of “Cash and cash equivalents” were segregated for regulatory and other purposes. See “Recent Accounting Developments” for further information.

In addition, the firm segregates securities for regulatory and other purposes related to client activity. See Note 10 for further information about segregated securities.

Receivables from and Payables to Brokers, Dealers and Clearing Organizations

Receivables from and payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations are accounted for at cost plus accrued interest, which generally approximates fair value. While these receivables and payables are carried at amounts that approximate fair value, they are not accounted for at fair value under the fair value option or at fair value in accordance with other U.S. GAAP and therefore are not included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy in Notes 6 through 8. Had these receivables and payables been included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy, substantially all would have been classified in level 2 as of December 2016 and December 2015.

Receivables from Customers and Counterparties

Receivables from customers and counterparties generally relate to collateralized transactions. Such receivables are primarily comprised of customer margin loans, certain transfers of assets accounted for as secured loans rather than purchases at fair value and collateral posted in connection with certain derivative transactions. Substantially all of these receivables are accounted for at amortized cost net of estimated uncollectible amounts. Certain of the firm’s receivables from customers and counterparties are accounted for at fair value under the fair value option, with changes in fair value generally included in “Market making” revenues. See Note 8 for further information about receivables from customers and counterparties accounted for at fair value under the fair value option. In addition, as of December 2016 and December 2015, the firm’s receivables from customers and counterparties included $2.60 billion and $2.35 billion, respectively, of loans held for sale, accounted for at the lower of cost or fair value. See Note 5 for an overview of the firm’s fair value measurement policies.

As of December 2016 and December 2015, the carrying value of receivables not accounted for at fair value generally approximated fair value. While these receivables are carried at amounts that approximate fair value, they are not accounted for at fair value under the fair value option or at fair value in accordance with other U.S. GAAP and therefore are not included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy in Notes 6 through 8. Had these receivables been included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy, substantially all would have been classified in level 2 as of December 2016 and December 2015. Interest on receivables from customers and counterparties is recognized over the life of the transaction and included in “Interest income.”

Payables to Customers and Counterparties

Payables to customers and counterparties primarily consist of customer credit balances related to the firm’s prime brokerage activities. Payables to customers and counterparties are accounted for at cost plus accrued interest, which generally approximates fair value. While these payables are carried at amounts that approximate fair value, they are not accounted for at fair value under the fair value option or at fair value in accordance with other U.S. GAAP and therefore are not included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy in Notes 6 through 8. Had these payables been included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy, substantially all would have been classified in level 2 as of December 2016 and December 2015. Interest on payables to customers and counterparties is recognized over the life of the transaction and included in “Interest expense.”

118 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Offsetting Assets and Liabilities

To reduce credit exposures on derivatives and securities financing transactions, the firm may enter into master netting agreements or similar arrangements (collectively, netting agreements) with counterparties that permit it to offset receivables and payables with such counterparties. A netting agreement is a contract with a counterparty that permits net settlement of multiple transactions with that counterparty, including upon the exercise of termination rights by a non-defaulting party. Upon exercise of such termination rights, all transactions governed by the netting agreement are terminated and a net settlement amount is calculated. In addition, the firm receives and posts cash and securities collateral with respect to its derivatives and securities financing transactions, subject to the terms of the related credit support agreements or similar arrangements (collectively, credit support agreements). An enforceable credit support agreement grants the non-defaulting party exercising termination rights the right to liquidate the collateral and apply the proceeds to any amounts owed. In order to assess enforceability of the firm’s right of setoff under netting and credit support agreements, the firm evaluates various factors including applicable bankruptcy laws, local statutes and regulatory provisions in the jurisdiction of the parties to the agreement.

Derivatives are reported on a net-by-counterparty basis (i.e., the net payable or receivable for derivative assets and liabilities for a given counterparty) in the consolidated statements of financial condition when a legal right of setoff exists under an enforceable netting agreement. Resale and repurchase agreements and securities borrowed and loaned transactions with the same term and currency are presented on a net-by-counterparty basis in the consolidated statements of financial condition when such transactions meet certain settlement criteria and are subject to netting agreements.

In the consolidated statements of financial condition, derivatives are reported net of cash collateral received and posted under enforceable credit support agreements, when transacted under an enforceable netting agreement. In the consolidated statements of financial condition, resale and repurchase agreements, and securities borrowed and loaned, are not reported net of the related cash and securities received or posted as collateral. See Note 10 for further information about collateral received and pledged, including rights to deliver or repledge collateral. See Notes 7 and 10 for further information about offsetting.

Foreign Currency Translation

Assets and liabilities denominated in non-U.S. currencies are translated at rates of exchange prevailing on the date of the consolidated statements of financial condition and revenues and expenses are translated at average rates of exchange for the period. Foreign currency remeasurement gains or losses on transactions in nonfunctional currencies are recognized in earnings. Gains or losses on translation of the financial statements of a non-U.S. operation, when the functional currency is other than the U.S. dollar, are included, net of hedges and taxes, in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Recent Accounting Developments

Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606). In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).” This ASU, as amended, provides comprehensive guidance on the recognition of revenue from customers arising from the transfer of goods and services, guidance on accounting for certain contract costs, and new disclosures.

The ASU is effective for the firm in January 2018 under a modified retrospective approach or retrospectively to all periods presented. The firm’s implementation efforts include identifying revenues and costs within the scope of the ASU, reviewing contracts, and analyzing any changes to its existing revenue recognition policies. As a result of adopting this ASU, the firm may, among other things, be required to recognize incentive fees earlier than under the firm’s current revenue recognition policy, which defers recognition until all contingencies are resolved. The firm may also be required to change the current presentation of certain costs from a net presentation within net revenues to a gross basis, or vice versa. Based on implementation work to date, the firm does not currently expect that the ASU will have a material impact on its financial condition, results of operations or cash flows on the date of adoption.

Measuring the Financial Assets and the Financial Liabilities of a Consolidated Collateralized Financing Entity (ASC 810). In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-13, “Consolidation (Topic 810) — Measuring the Financial Assets and the Financial Liabilities of a Consolidated Collateralized Financing Entity (CFE).” This ASU provides an alternative to reflect changes in the fair value of the financial assets and the financial liabilities of the CFE by measuring either the fair value of the assets or liabilities, whichever is more observable, and provides new disclosure requirements for those electing this approach.

The firm adopted the ASU in January 2016. Adoption of the ASU did not materially affect the firm’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 119

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis (ASC 810). In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-02, “Consolidation (Topic 810) — Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis.” This ASU eliminates the deferral of the requirements of ASU No. 2009-17, “Consolidations (Topic 810) — Improvements to Financial Reporting by Enterprises Involved with Variable Interest Entities” for certain interests in investment funds and provides a scope exception for certain investments in money market funds. It also makes several modifications to the consolidation guidance for VIEs and general partners’ investments in limited partnerships, as well as modifications to the evaluation of whether limited partnerships are VIEs or voting interest entities.

The firm adopted the ASU in January 2016, using a modified retrospective approach. The impact of adoption was a net reduction to both total assets and total liabilities of approximately $200 million, substantially all included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value” and in “Other liabilities and accrued expenses,” respectively. Adoption of this ASU did not have an impact on the firm’s results of operations. See Note 12 for further information about the adoption.

Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs (ASC 835). In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, “Interest — Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30) — Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs.” This ASU simplifies the presentation of debt issuance costs by requiring that these costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the statements of financial condition as a direct reduction from the carrying amount of that liability.

The firm early adopted the ASU in September 2015, using a modified retrospective approach. Adoption of the ASU did not materially affect the firm’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (ASC 718). In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, “Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718) — Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” This ASU includes a requirement that the tax effect related to the settlement of share-based awards be recorded in income tax benefit or expense in the statements of earnings rather than directly to additional paid-in-capital. This change has no impact on total shareholders’ equity and is required to be adopted prospectively. In addition, the ASU modifies the classification of certain share-based payment activities within the statements of cash flows and this change is generally required to be applied retrospectively. The ASU also allows for forfeitures to be recorded when they occur rather than estimated over the vesting period. This change is required to be applied on a modified retrospective basis.

The firm adopted the ASU in January 2017 and the impact of the restricted stock unit (RSU) deliveries and option exercises in the first quarter of 2017 is estimated to be a reduction to the provision for taxes of approximately $450 million that will be recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of earnings. This amount may vary in future periods depending upon, among other things, the number of RSUs delivered and their change in value since grant. Prior to the adoption of this ASU, this amount would have been recorded directly to additional paid-in-capital. Other provisions of the ASU will not have a material impact on the firm’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments (ASC 805). In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-16, “Business Combinations (Topic 805) — Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments.” This ASU eliminates the requirement for an acquirer in a business combination to account for measurement-period adjustments retrospectively.

The firm adopted the ASU in January 2016. Adoption of the ASU did not materially affect the firm’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (ASC 825). In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, “Financial Instruments (Topic 825) — Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” This ASU amends certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. It includes a requirement to present separately in other comprehensive income changes in fair value attributable to a firm’s own credit spreads (debt valuation adjustment or DVA), net of tax, on financial liabilities for which the fair value option was elected.

120 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The ASU is effective for the firm in January 2018. Early adoption is permitted under a modified retrospective approach for the requirements related to DVA. In January 2016, the firm early adopted this ASU for the requirements related to DVA, and reclassified the cumulative DVA, a gain of $305 million (net of tax), from retained earnings to accumulated other comprehensive loss. The firm does not expect the adoption of the remaining provisions of the ASU to have a material impact on its financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Leases (ASC 842). In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).” This ASU requires that, for leases longer than one year, a lessee recognize in the statements of financial condition a right-of-use asset, representing the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term, and a lease liability, representing the liability to make lease payments. It also requires that for finance leases, a lessee recognize interest expense on the lease liability, separately from the amortization of the right-of-use asset in the statements of earnings, while for operating leases, such amounts should be recognized as a combined expense. In addition, this ASU requires expanded disclosures about the nature and terms of lease agreements.

The ASU is effective for the firm in January 2019 under a modified retrospective approach. Early adoption is permitted. The firm’s implementation efforts include reviewing existing leases and service contracts, which may include embedded leases. The firm expects a gross up on its consolidated statements of financial condition upon recognition of the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities and does not expect the amount of the gross up to have a material impact on its financial condition.

Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (ASC 326). In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326) — Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” This ASU amends several aspects of the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments, including replacing the existing incurred credit loss model and other models with the Current Expected Credit Losses (CECL) model and amending certain aspects of accounting for purchased financial assets with deterioration in credit quality since origination.

Under CECL, the allowance for losses for financial assets that are measured at amortized cost should reflect management’s estimate of credit losses over the remaining expected life of the financial assets. Expected credit losses for newly recognized financial assets, as well as changes to expected credit losses during the period, would be recognized in earnings. For certain purchased financial assets with deterioration in credit quality since origination, an initial allowance would be recorded for expected credit losses and recognized as an increase to the purchase price rather than as an expense. Expected credit losses, including losses on off-balance-sheet exposures such as lending commitments, will be measured based on historical experience, current conditions and forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount.

The ASU is effective for the firm in January 2020 under a modified retrospective approach. Early adoption is permitted in January 2019. Adoption of the ASU will result in earlier recognition of credit losses and an increase in the recorded allowance for certain purchased loans with deterioration in credit quality since origination with a corresponding increase to their gross carrying value. The impact of adoption of this ASU on the firm’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows will depend on, among other things, the economic environment and the type of financial assets held by the firm on the date of adoption.

Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (ASC 230). In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) — Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments.” This ASU provides guidance on the disclosure and classification of certain items within the statement of cash flows.

The ASU is effective for the firm in January 2018 under a retrospective approach. Early adoption is permitted. Since the ASU only impacts classification in the statements of cash flows, adoption will not affect the firm’s cash and cash equivalents.

Clarifying the Definition of a Business (ASC 805). In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, “Business Combinations (Topic 805) — Clarifying the Definition of a Business.” The ASU amends the definition of a business and provides a threshold which must be considered to determine whether a transaction is an asset acquisition or a business combination. The ASU is effective for the firm in January 2018 under a prospective approach. Early adoption is permitted. The firm is still evaluating the effect of the ASU on its financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 121

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Restricted Cash (ASC 230). In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) — Restricted Cash.” This ASU requires that cash segregated for regulatory and other purposes be included in cash and cash equivalents disclosed in the statements of cash flows and is required to be applied retrospectively.

The firm early adopted the ASU in December 2016 and reclassified cash segregated for regulatory and other purposes into “Cash and cash equivalents” disclosed in the consolidated statements of cash flows. The impact of adoption was a decrease of $3.69 billion, an increase of $909 million and a decrease of $309 million for the years ended December 2016, December 2015 and December 2014, respectively, to “Net cash provided by/(used for) operating activities.”

In December 2016, to be consistent with the presentation of segregated cash in the consolidated statements of cash flows under the ASU, the firm reclassified amounts previously included in “Cash and securities segregated for regulatory and other purposes” into “Cash and cash equivalents,” “Securities purchased under agreements to resell and federal funds sold,” “Securities borrowed” and “Financial instruments owned, at fair value,” in the consolidated statements of financial condition. Previously reported amounts in the consolidated statements of financial condition and notes to the consolidated financial statements have been conformed to the current presentation.

Note 4.

Financial Instruments Owned, at Fair Value and Financial Instruments Sold, But Not Yet Purchased, at Fair Value

Financial instruments owned, at fair value and financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value are accounted for at fair value either under the fair value option or in accordance with other U.S. GAAP. See Note 8 for further information about other financial assets and financial liabilities accounted for at fair value primarily under the fair value option.

The table below presents the firm’s financial instruments owned, at fair value, and financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value.

$ in millions	Financial Instruments Owned	Financial Instruments Sold, But Not Yet Purchased
As of December 2016
Money market instruments	$    1,319	$          —
U.S. government and federal agency obligations	57,657	16,627
Non-U.S. government and agency obligations	29,381	20,502
Loans and securities backed by:
Commercial real estate	3,842	—
Residential real estate	12,195	3
Corporate loans and debt securities	28,659	6,570
State and municipal obligations	1,059	—
Other debt obligations	1,358	1
Equities and convertible debentures	94,692	25,941
Commodities	5,653	—
Investments in funds at NAV	6,465	—
Subtotal	242,280	69,644
Derivatives	53,672	47,499
Total	$295,952	$117,143
As of December 2015
Money market instruments	$    4,683	$          —
U.S. government and federal agency obligations	63,844	15,516
Non-U.S. government and agency obligations	31,772	14,973
Loans and securities backed by:
Commercial real estate	4,975	4
Residential real estate	13,183	2
Corporate loans and debt securities	28,804	6,584
State and municipal obligations	992	2
Other debt obligations	1,595	2
Equities and convertible debentures	98,072	31,394
Commodities	3,935	—
Investments in funds at NAV	7,757	—
Subtotal	259,612	68,477
Derivatives	53,890	46,771
Total	$313,502	$115,248

In the table above, money market instruments include commercial paper, certificates of deposit and time deposits. Substantially all money market instruments have a maturity of less than one year.

Gains and Losses from Market Making and Other Principal Transactions

The table below presents “Market making” revenues by major product type, as well as “Other principal transactions” revenues.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015		2014
Product Type
Interest rates		$ (1,979	)	$ (1,360	)	$ (5,316	)
Credit		1,854		920		2,982
Currencies		6,158		3,345		6,566
Equities		2,873		5,515		2,683
Commodities		1,027		1,103		1,450
Market making		9,933		9,523		8,365
Other principal transactions		3,200		5,018		6,588
Total		$13,133		$14,541		$14,953

122 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

In the table above:

• Gains/(losses) include both realized and unrealized gains and losses, and are primarily related to the firm’s financial instruments owned, at fair value and financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value, including both derivative and non-derivative financial instruments.

• Gains/(losses) exclude related interest income and interest expense. See Note 23 for further information about interest income and interest expense.

• Gains/(losses) on other principal transactions are included in the firm’s Investing & Lending segment. See Note 25 for net revenues, including net interest income, by product type for Investing & Lending, as well as the amount of net interest income included in Investing & Lending.

• Gains/(losses) are not representative of the manner in which the firm manages its business activities because many of the firm’s market-making and client facilitation strategies utilize financial instruments across various product types. Accordingly, gains or losses in one product type frequently offset gains or losses in other product types. For example, most of the firm’s longer-term derivatives across product types are sensitive to changes in interest rates and may be economically hedged with interest rate swaps. Similarly, a significant portion of the firm’s cash instruments and derivatives across product types has exposure to foreign currencies and may be economically hedged with foreign currency contracts.

Note 5.

Fair Value Measurements

The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Financial assets are marked to bid prices and financial liabilities are marked to offer prices. Fair value measurements do not include transaction costs. The firm measures certain financial assets and financial liabilities as a portfolio (i.e., based on its net exposure to market and/or credit risks).

The best evidence of fair value is a quoted price in an active market. If quoted prices in active markets are not available, fair value is determined by reference to prices for similar instruments, quoted prices or recent transactions in less active markets, or internally developed models that primarily use market-based or independently sourced inputs including, but not limited to, interest rates, volatilities, equity or debt prices, foreign exchange rates, commodity prices, credit spreads and funding spreads (i.e., the spread or difference between the interest rate at which a borrower could finance a given financial instrument relative to a benchmark interest rate).

U.S. GAAP has a three-level fair value hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements. This hierarchy prioritizes inputs to the valuation techniques used to measure fair value, giving the highest priority to level 1 inputs and the lowest priority to level 3 inputs. A financial instrument’s level in this hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to its fair value measurement. In evaluating the significance of a valuation input, the firm considers, among other factors, a portfolio’s net risk exposure to that input. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

Level 1. Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets to which the firm had access at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 2. Inputs to valuation techniques are observable, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3. One or more inputs to valuation techniques are significant and unobservable.

The fair values for substantially all of the firm’s financial assets and financial liabilities are based on observable prices and inputs and are classified in levels 1 and 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Certain level 2 and level 3 financial assets and financial liabilities may require appropriate valuation adjustments that a market participant would require to arrive at fair value for factors such as counterparty and the firm’s credit quality, funding risk, transfer restrictions, liquidity and bid/offer spreads. Valuation adjustments are generally based on market evidence.

See Notes 6 through 8 for further information about fair value measurements of cash instruments, derivatives and other financial assets and financial liabilities accounted for at fair value primarily under the fair value option (including information about unrealized gains and losses related to level 3 financial assets and financial liabilities, and transfers in and out of level 3), respectively.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 123

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The table below presents financial assets and financial liabilities accounted for at fair value under the fair value option or in accordance with other U.S. GAAP. Counterparty and cash collateral netting represents the impact on derivatives of netting across levels of the fair value hierarchy. Netting among positions classified in the same level is included in that level.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Total level 1 financial assets		$135,401		$153,051
Total level 2 financial assets		419,585		432,445
Total level 3 financial assets		23,280		24,046
Investments in funds at NAV		6,465		7,757
Counterparty and cash collateral netting		(87,038	)	(90,612	)
Total financial assets at fair value		$497,693		$526,687
Total assets		$860,165		$861,395
Total level 3 financial assets divided by:
Total assets		2.7%		2.8%
Total financial assets at fair value		4.7%		4.6%
Total level 1 financial liabilities		$  62,504		$  59,798
Total level 2 financial liabilities		232,027		245,759
Total level 3 financial liabilities		21,448		16,812
Counterparty and cash collateral netting		(44,695	)	(41,430	)
Total financial liabilities at fair value		$271,284		$280,939
Total level 3 financial liabilities divided by total financial liabilities at fair value		7.9%		6.0%

In the table above, total assets includes $835 billion and $836 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, that is carried at fair value or at amounts that generally approximate fair value.

The table below presents a summary of level 3 financial assets.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Cash instruments		$  18,035	$  18,131
Derivatives		5,190	5,870
Other financial assets		55	45
Total		$  23,280	$  24,046

Level 3 financial assets as of December 2016 slightly decreased compared with December 2015, primarily reflecting a decrease in level 3 derivative assets. The decrease in level 3 derivative assets was primarily attributable to settlements and transfers out of level 3 of certain credit derivative assets. See Notes 6 through 8 for further information about level 3 financial assets.

Note 6.

Cash Instruments

Cash instruments include U.S. government and federal agency obligations, non-U.S. government and agency obligations, mortgage-backed loans and securities, corporate loans and debt securities, equities and convertible debentures, investments in funds at NAV, and other non-derivative financial instruments owned and financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased. See below for the types of cash instruments included in each level of the fair value hierarchy and the valuation techniques and significant inputs used to determine their fair values. See Note 5 for an overview of the firm’s fair value measurement policies.

Level 1 Cash Instruments

Level 1 cash instruments include certain money market instruments, U.S. government obligations, most non-U.S. government obligations, certain government agency obligations, certain corporate debt securities and actively traded listed equities. These instruments are valued using quoted prices for identical unrestricted instruments in active markets.

The firm defines active markets for equity instruments based on the average daily trading volume both in absolute terms and relative to the market capitalization for the instrument. The firm defines active markets for debt instruments based on both the average daily trading volume and the number of days with trading activity.

Level 2 Cash Instruments

Level 2 cash instruments include most money market instruments, most government agency obligations, certain non-U.S. government obligations, most mortgage-backed loans and securities, most corporate loans and debt securities, most state and municipal obligations, most other debt obligations, restricted or less liquid listed equities, commodities and certain lending commitments.

Valuations of level 2 cash instruments can be verified to quoted prices, recent trading activity for identical or similar instruments, broker or dealer quotations or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency. Consideration is given to the nature of the quotations (e.g., indicative or firm) and the relationship of recent market activity to the prices provided from alternative pricing sources.

124 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Valuation adjustments are typically made to level 2 cash instruments (i) if the cash instrument is subject to transfer restrictions and/or (ii) for other premiums and liquidity discounts that a market participant would require to arrive at fair value. Valuation adjustments are generally based on market evidence.

Level 3 Cash Instruments

Level 3 cash instruments have one or more significant valuation inputs that are not observable. Absent evidence to the contrary, level 3 cash instruments are initially valued at transaction price, which is considered to be the best initial estimate of fair value. Subsequently, the firm uses other methodologies to determine fair value, which vary based on the type of instrument. Valuation inputs and assumptions are changed when corroborated by substantive observable evidence, including values realized on sales of financial assets.

Valuation Techniques and Significant Inputs of Level 3 Cash Instruments

Valuation techniques of level 3 cash instruments vary by instrument, but are generally based on discounted cash flow techniques. The valuation techniques and the nature of significant inputs used to determine the fair values of each type of level 3 cash instrument are described below:

Loans and Securities Backed by Commercial Real Estate. Loans and securities backed by commercial real estate are directly or indirectly collateralized by a single commercial real estate property or a portfolio of properties, and may include tranches of varying levels of subordination. Significant inputs are generally determined based on relative value analyses and include:

• Transaction prices in both the underlying collateral and instruments with the same or similar underlying collateral and the basis, or price difference, to such prices;

• Market yields implied by transactions of similar or related assets and/or current levels and changes in market indices such as the CMBX (an index that tracks the performance of commercial mortgage bonds);

• A measure of expected future cash flows in a default scenario (recovery rates) implied by the value of the underlying collateral, which is mainly driven by current performance of the underlying collateral, capitalization rates and multiples. Recovery rates are expressed as a percentage of notional or face value of the instrument and reflect the benefit of credit enhancements on certain instruments; and

• Timing of expected future cash flows (duration) which, in certain cases, may incorporate the impact of other unobservable inputs (e.g., prepayment speeds).

Loans and Securities Backed by Residential Real Estate. Loans and securities backed by residential real estate are directly or indirectly collateralized by portfolios of residential real estate and may include tranches of varying levels of subordination. Significant inputs are generally determined based on relative value analyses, which incorporate comparisons to instruments with similar collateral and risk profiles. Significant inputs include:

• Transaction prices in both the underlying collateral and instruments with the same or similar underlying collateral;

• Market yields implied by transactions of similar or related assets;

• Cumulative loss expectations, driven by default rates, home price projections, residential property liquidation timelines, related costs and subsequent recoveries; and

• Duration, driven by underlying loan prepayment speeds and residential property liquidation timelines.

Corporate Loans and Debt Securities. Corporate loans and debt securities includes bank loans and bridge loans and corporate debt securities. Significant inputs are generally determined based on relative value analyses, which incorporate comparisons both to prices of credit default swaps that reference the same or similar underlying instrument or entity and to other debt instruments for the same issuer for which observable prices or broker quotations are available. Significant inputs include:

• Market yields implied by transactions of similar or related assets and/or current levels and trends of market indices such as CDX and LCDX (indices that track the performance of corporate credit and loans, respectively);

• Current performance and recovery assumptions and, where the firm uses credit default swaps to value the related cash instrument, the cost of borrowing the underlying reference obligation; and

• Duration.

Equities and Convertible Debentures. Equities and convertible debentures include private equity investments and investments in real estate. Recent third-party completed or pending transactions (e.g., merger proposals, tender offers, debt restructurings) are considered to be the best evidence for any change in fair value. When these are not available, the following valuation methodologies are used, as appropriate:

• Industry multiples (primarily EBITDA multiples) and public comparables;

• Transactions in similar instruments;

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 125

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

• Discounted cash flow techniques; and

• Third-party appraisals.

The firm also considers changes in the outlook for the relevant industry and financial performance of the issuer as compared to projected performance. Significant inputs include:

• Market and transaction multiples;

• Discount rates, growth rates and capitalization rates; and

• For equity instruments with debt-like features, market yields implied by transactions of similar or related assets, current performance and recovery assumptions, and duration.

Other Cash Instruments. Other cash instruments consists of non-U.S. government and agency obligations, state and municipal obligations, and other debt obligations. Significant inputs are generally determined based on relative value analyses, which incorporate comparisons both to prices of credit default swaps that reference the same or similar underlying instrument or entity and to other debt instruments for the same issuer for which observable prices or broker quotations are available. Significant inputs include:

• Market yields implied by transactions of similar or related assets and/or current levels and trends of market indices;

• Current performance and recovery assumptions and, where the firm uses credit default swaps to value the related cash instrument, the cost of borrowing the underlying reference obligation; and

• Duration.

Fair Value of Cash Instruments by Level

The tables below present cash instrument assets and liabilities at fair value by level within the fair value hierarchy. In the tables below:

• Cash instrument assets and liabilities are included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value” and “Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value,” respectively.

• Cash instrument assets are shown as positive amounts and cash instrument liabilities are shown as negative amounts.

	As of December 2016
$ in millions		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Money market instruments		$       188		$  1,131		$       —		$    1,319
U.S. government and federal agency obligations		35,254		22,403		—		57,657
Non-U.S. government and agency obligations		22,433		6,933		15		29,381
Loans and securities backed by:
Commercial real estate		—		2,197		1,645		3,842
Residential real estate		—		11,350		845		12,195
Corporate loans and debt securities		215		23,804		4,640		28,659
State and municipal obligations		—		960		99		1,059
Other debt obligations		—		830		528		1,358
Equities and convertible debentures		77,276		7,153		10,263		94,692
Commodities		—		5,653		—		5,653
Subtotal		$135,366		$82,414		$18,035		$235,815
Investments in funds at NAV								6,465
Total cash instrument assets								$242,280
Liabilities
U.S. government and federal agency obligations		$ (16,615	)	$      (12	)	$       —		$ (16,627	)
Non-U.S. government and agency obligations		(19,137	)	(1,364	)	(1	)	(20,502	)
Loans and securities backed by residential real estate		—		(3	)	—		(3	)
Corporate loans and debt securities		(2	)	(6,524	)	(44	)	(6,570	)
Other debt obligations		—		(1	)	—		(1	)
Equities and convertible debentures		(25,768	)	(156	)	(17	)	(25,941	)
Total cash instrument liabilities		$ (61,522	)	$ (8,060	)	$      (62	)	$ (69,644	)
	As of December 2015
$ in millions		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Money market instruments		$    2,725		$  1,958		$       —		$    4,683
U.S. government and federal agency obligations		42,306		21,538		—		63,844
Non-U.S. government and agency obligations		26,500		5,260		12		31,772
Loans and securities backed by:
Commercial real estate		—		3,051		1,924		4,975
Residential real estate		—		11,418		1,765		13,183
Corporate loans and debt securities		218		23,344		5,242		28,804
State and municipal obligations		—		891		101		992
Other debt obligations		—		1,057		538		1,595
Equities and convertible debentures		81,252		8,271		8,549		98,072
Commodities		—		3,935		—		3,935
Subtotal		$153,001		$80,723		$18,131		$251,855
Investments in funds at NAV								7,757
Total cash instrument assets								$259,612
Liabilities
U.S. government and federal agency obligations		$ (15,455	)	$      (61	)	$       —		$ (15,516	)
Non-U.S. government and agency obligations		(13,522	)	(1,451	)	—		(14,973	)
Loans and securities backed by:
Commercial real estate		—		(4	)	—		(4	)
Residential real estate		—		(2	)	—		(2	)
Corporate loans and debt securities		(2	)	(6,456	)	(126	)	(6,584	)
State and municipal obligations		—		(2	)	—		(2	)
Other debt obligations		—		(1	)	(1	)	(2	)
Equities and convertible debentures		(30,790	)	(538	)	(66	)	(31,394	)
Total cash instrument liabilities		$ (59,769	)	$ (8,515	)	$    (193	)	$ (68,477	)

126 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

In the tables above:

• Total cash instrument assets include collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) and collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) backed by real estate and corporate obligations of $461 million and $405 million in level 2, and $624 million and $774 million in level 3 as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively.

• Level 3 equities and convertible debenture assets include $9.44 billion and $7.69 billion of private equity investments, $374 million and $308 million of investments in real estate entities, and $451 million and $552 million of convertible debentures as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively.

• Money market instruments include commercial paper, certificates of deposit and time deposits.

Significant Unobservable Inputs

The table below presents the amount of level 3 assets, and ranges and weighted averages of significant unobservable inputs used to value the firm’s level 3 cash instruments.

	Level 3 Assets and Range of Significant Unobservable Inputs (Weighted Average) as of December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Loans and securities backed by commercial real estate
Level 3 assets		$1,645		$1,924
Yield		3.7% to 23.0% (13.0%	)	3.5% to 22.0% (11.8%	)
Recovery rate		8.9% to 99.0% (60.6%	)	19.6% to 96.5% (59.4%	)
Duration (years)		0.8 to 6.2 (2.1	)	0.3 to 5.3 (2.3	)
Basis (points)		N/A		(11) to 4 ((2)	)
Loans and securities backed by residential real estate
Level 3 assets		$845		$1,765
Yield		0.8% to 15.6% (8.7%	)	3.2% to 17.0% (7.9%	)
Cumulative loss rate		8.9% to 47.1% (24.2%	)	4.6% to 44.2% (27.3%	)
Duration (years)		1.1 to 16.1 (7.3	)	1.5 to 13.8 (7.0	)
Corporate loans and debt securities
Level 3 assets		$4,640		$5,242
Yield		2.5% to 25.0% (10.3%	)	1.6% to 36.6% (10.7%	)
Recovery rate		0.0% to 85.0% (56.5%	)	0.0% to 85.6% (54.8%	)
Duration (years)		0.6 to 15.7 (2.9	)	0.7 to 6.1 (2.5	)
Equities and convertible debentures
Level 3 assets		$10,263		$8,549
Multiples		0.8x to 19.7x (6.8x	)	0.7x to 21.4x (6.4x	)
Discount rate/yield		6.5% to 25.0% (16.0%	)	7.1% to 20.0% (14.8%	)
Growth rate		N/A		3.0% to 5.2% (4.5%	)
Capitalization rate		4.2% to 12.5% (6.8%	)	5.5% to 12.5% (7.6%	)
Other cash instruments
Level 3 assets		$642		$651
Yield		1.9% to 14.0% (8.8%	)	0.9% to 17.9% (8.7%	)
Recovery rate		0.0% to 93.0% (61.4%	)	2.7% to 35.5% (25.0%	)
Duration (years)		0.9 to 12.0 (4.3	)	1.1 to 11.4 (7.0	)

In the table above:

• Ranges represent the significant unobservable inputs that were used in the valuation of each type of cash instrument.

• Weighted averages are calculated by weighting each input by the relative fair value of the cash instruments.

• The ranges and weighted averages of these inputs are not representative of the appropriate inputs to use when calculating the fair value of any one cash instrument. For example, the highest multiple for private equity investments is appropriate for valuing a specific private equity investment but may not be appropriate for valuing any other private equity investment. Accordingly, the ranges of inputs do not represent uncertainty in, or possible ranges of, fair value measurements of the firm’s level 3 cash instruments.

• Increases in yield, discount rate, capitalization rate, duration or cumulative loss rate used in the valuation of the firm’s level 3 cash instruments would result in a lower fair value measurement, while increases in recovery rate, basis, multiples or growth rate would result in a higher fair value measurement. Due to the distinctive nature of each of the firm’s level 3 cash instruments, the interrelationship of inputs is not necessarily uniform within each product type.

• Equities and convertible debentures include private equity investments and investments in real estate entities. Growth rate includes long-term growth rate and compound annual growth rate.

• Basis (points) and growth rate were not significant to the valuation of level 3 assets as of December 2016.

• Loans and securities backed by commercial and residential real estate, corporate loans and debt securities and other cash instruments are valued using discounted cash flows, and equities and convertible debentures are valued using market comparables and discounted cash flows.

• The fair value of any one instrument may be determined using multiple valuation techniques. For example, market comparables and discounted cash flows may be used together to determine fair value. Therefore, the level 3 balance encompasses both of these techniques.

Transfers Between Levels of the Fair Value Hierarchy

Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are reported at the beginning of the reporting period in which they occur. See “Level 3 Rollforward” below for information about transfers between level 2 and level 3.

During 2016, transfers into level 2 from level 1 of cash instruments were $135 million, reflecting transfers of public equity securities due to decreased market activity in these instruments. Transfers into level 1 from level 2 of cash instruments during 2016 were $267 million, reflecting transfers of public equity securities due to increased market activity in these instruments.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 127

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

During 2015, transfers into level 2 from level 1 of cash instruments were $260 million, reflecting transfers of public equity securities primarily due to decreased market activity in these instruments. Transfers into level 1 from level 2 of cash instruments during 2015 were $283 million, reflecting transfers of public equity securities due to increased market activity in these instruments.

Level 3 Rollforward

The table below presents a summary of the changes in fair value for level 3 cash instrument assets and liabilities. In the table below:

• Changes in fair value are presented for all cash instrument assets and liabilities that are categorized as level 3 as of the end of the period.

• Net unrealized gains/(losses) relate to instruments that were still held at period-end.

• Purchases include originations and secondary purchases.

• If a cash instrument asset or liability was transferred to level 3 during a reporting period, its entire gain or loss for the period is included in level 3. For level 3 cash instrument assets, increases are shown as positive amounts, while decreases are shown as negative amounts. For level 3 cash instrument liabilities, increases are shown as negative amounts, while decreases are shown as positive amounts.

• Level 3 cash instruments are frequently economically hedged with level 1 and level 2 cash instruments and/or level 1, level 2 or level 3 derivatives. Accordingly, gains or losses that are reported in level 3 can be partially offset by gains or losses attributable to level 1 or level 2 cash instruments and/or level 1, level 2 or level 3 derivatives. As a result, gains or losses included in the level 3 rollforward below do not necessarily represent the overall impact on the firm’s results of operations, liquidity or capital resources.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Total cash instrument assets
Beginning balance		$18,131		$28,650
Net realized gains/(losses)		574		957
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		397		701
Purchases		3,072		3,840
Sales		(2,326	)	(3,842	)
Settlements		(3,503	)	(6,472	)
Transfers into level 3		3,405		1,798
Transfers out of level 3		(1,715	)	(7,501	)
Ending balance		$18,035		$18,131
Total cash instrument liabilities
Beginning balance		$    (193	)	$    (244	)
Net realized gains/(losses)		20		(28	)
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		19		(21	)
Purchases		91		205
Sales		(49	)	(38	)
Settlements		(7	)	(14	)
Transfers into level 3		(12	)	(116	)
Transfers out of level 3		69		63
Ending balance		$      (62	)	$    (193	)

The table below disaggregates, by product type, the information for cash instrument assets included in the summary table above.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Loans and securities backed by commercial real estate
Beginning balance		$  1,924		$  3,275
Net realized gains/(losses)		60		120
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		(19	)	44
Purchases		331		566
Sales		(320	)	(598	)
Settlements		(617	)	(1,569	)
Transfers into level 3		510		351
Transfers out of level 3		(224	)	(265	)
Ending balance		$  1,645		$  1,924
Loans and securities backed by residential real estate
Beginning balance		$  1,765		$  2,545
Net realized gains/(losses)		60		150
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		26		34
Purchases		298		564
Sales		(791	)	(609	)
Settlements		(278	)	(327	)
Transfers into level 3		73		188
Transfers out of level 3		(308	)	(780	)
Ending balance		$     845		$  1,765
Corporate loans and debt securities
Beginning balance		$  5,242		$10,606
Net realized gains/(losses)		261		406
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		34		(234	)
Purchases		1,078		1,279
Sales		(645	)	(1,668	)
Settlements		(1,823	)	(3,152	)
Transfers into level 3		1,023		752
Transfers out of level 3		(530	)	(2,747	)
Ending balance		$  4,640		$  5,242
Equities and convertible debentures
Beginning balance		$  8,549		$11,108
Net realized gains/(losses)		158		251
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		371		844
Purchases		1,122		1,295
Sales		(412	)	(744	)
Settlements		(634	)	(1,193	)
Transfers into level 3		1,732		466
Transfers out of level 3		(623	)	(3,478	)
Ending balance		$10,263		$  8,549
Other cash instruments
Beginning balance		$     651		$  1,116
Net realized gains/(losses)		35		30
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		(15	)	13
Purchases		243		136
Sales		(158	)	(223	)
Settlements		(151	)	(231	)
Transfers into level 3		67		41
Transfers out of level 3		(30	)	(231	)
Ending balance		$     642		$     651

128 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Level 3 Rollforward Commentary

Year Ended December 2016. The net realized and unrealized gains on level 3 cash instrument assets of $971 million (reflecting $574 million of net realized gains and $397 million of net unrealized gains) for 2016 include gains/(losses) of approximately $(311) million, $625 million and $657 million reported in “Market making,” “Other principal transactions” and “Interest income,” respectively.

The net unrealized gain on level 3 cash instrument assets of $397 million for 2016 primarily reflected gains on private equity investments, principally driven by strong corporate performance and company-specific events.

Transfers into level 3 during 2016 primarily reflected transfers of certain private equity investments, corporate loans and debt securities, and loans and securities backed by commercial real estate from level 2, principally due to reduced price transparency as a result of a lack of market evidence, including fewer market transactions in these instruments.

Transfers out of level 3 during 2016 primarily reflected transfers of certain private equity investments, corporate loans and debt securities, and loans and securities backed by residential real estate to level 2, principally due to increased price transparency as a result of market evidence, including market transactions in these instruments.

Year Ended December 2015. The net realized and unrealized gains on level 3 cash instrument assets of $1.66 billion (reflecting $957 million of net realized gains and $701 million of net unrealized gains) for 2015 include gains/(losses) of approximately $(142) million, $1.08 billion and $718 million reported in “Market making,” “Other principal transactions” and “Interest income,” respectively.

The net unrealized gain on level 3 cash instrument assets of $701 million for 2015 primarily reflected gains on private equity investments, principally driven by company-specific events and strong corporate performance.

Transfers into level 3 during 2015 primarily reflected transfers of certain corporate loans and debt securities, private equity investments and loans and securities backed by commercial real estate from level 2, principally due to reduced price transparency as a result of a lack of market evidence, including fewer market transactions in these instruments.

Transfers out of level 3 during 2015 primarily reflected transfers of certain private equity investments, corporate loans and debt securities, and loans and securities backed by residential real estate to level 2, principally due to increased price transparency as a result of market evidence, including market transactions in these instruments, and transfers of certain corporate loans and debt securities to level 2 principally due to certain unobservable yield and duration inputs not being significant to the valuation of these instruments.

Investments in Funds at Net Asset Value Per Share

Cash instruments at fair value include investments in funds that are measured at NAV of the investment fund. The firm uses NAV to measure the fair value of its fund investments when (i) the fund investment does not have a readily determinable fair value and (ii) the NAV of the investment fund is calculated in a manner consistent with the measurement principles of investment company accounting, including measurement of the investments at fair value.

The firm’s investments in funds at NAV primarily consist of investments in firm-sponsored private equity, credit, real estate and hedge funds where the firm co-invests with third-party investors.

Private equity funds primarily invest in a broad range of industries worldwide, including leveraged buyouts, recapitalizations, growth investments and distressed investments. Credit funds generally invest in loans and other fixed income instruments and are focused on providing private high-yield capital for leveraged and management buyout transactions, recapitalizations, financings, refinancings, acquisitions and restructurings for private equity firms, private family companies and corporate issuers. Real estate funds invest globally, primarily in real estate companies, loan portfolios, debt recapitalizations and property. The private equity, credit and real estate funds are primarily closed-end funds in which the firm’s investments are generally not eligible for redemption. Distributions will be received from these funds as the underlying assets are liquidated or distributed.

The firm also invests in hedge funds, primarily multi-disciplinary hedge funds that employ a fundamental bottom-up investment approach across various asset classes and strategies. The firm’s investments in hedge funds primarily include interests where the underlying assets are illiquid in nature, and proceeds from redemptions will not be received until the underlying assets are liquidated or distributed.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 129

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Many of the funds described above are “covered funds” as defined by the Volcker Rule of the U.S. Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act). The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Federal Reserve Board) extended the conformance period for investments in, and relationships with, covered funds that were in place prior to December 2013 through July 2017, and in December 2016 permitted banking entities to apply for an extension of up to an additional five years for legacy “illiquid funds” (as defined by the Volcker Rule). The firm has applied for this extension for substantially all of its investments in, and relationships with, covered funds in the table below. To the extent that the firm does not receive an extension, the firm will be required to sell its interests in such funds by July 2017. If that occurs, the firm will likely receive a value for its interests that is significantly less than the then carrying value as there could be a limited secondary market for these investments and the firm may be unable to sell them in orderly transactions.

The table below presents the fair value of the firm’s investments in funds at NAV and related unfunded commitments.

$ in millions	Fair Value of Investments	Unfunded Commitments
As of December 2016
Private equity funds	$4,628	$1,393
Credit funds	421	166
Hedge funds	410	—
Real estate funds	1,006	272
Total	$6,465	$1,831
As of December 2015
Private equity funds	$5,414	$2,057
Credit funds	611	344
Hedge funds	560	—
Real estate funds	1,172	296
Total	$7,757	$2,697

Note 7.

Derivatives and Hedging Activities

Derivative Activities

Derivatives are instruments that derive their value from underlying asset prices, indices, reference rates and other inputs, or a combination of these factors. Derivatives may be traded on an exchange (exchange-traded) or they may be privately negotiated contracts, which are usually referred to as OTC derivatives. Certain of the firm’s OTC derivatives are cleared and settled through central clearing counterparties (OTC-cleared), while others are bilateral contracts between two counterparties (bilateral OTC).

Market-Making. As a market maker, the firm enters into derivative transactions to provide liquidity to clients and to facilitate the transfer and hedging of their risks. In this role, the firm typically acts as principal and is required to commit capital to provide execution, and maintains inventory in response to, or in anticipation of, client demand.

Risk Management. The firm also enters into derivatives to actively manage risk exposures that arise from its market-making and investing and lending activities in derivative and cash instruments. The firm’s holdings and exposures are hedged, in many cases, on either a portfolio or risk-specific basis, as opposed to an instrument-by-instrument basis. The offsetting impact of this economic hedging is reflected in the same business segment as the related revenues. In addition, the firm may enter into derivatives designated as hedges under U.S. GAAP. These derivatives are used to manage interest rate exposure in certain fixed-rate unsecured long-term and short-term borrowings, and deposits, and to manage foreign currency exposure on the net investment in certain non-U.S. operations.

The firm enters into various types of derivatives, including:

• Futures and Forwards. Contracts that commit counterparties to purchase or sell financial instruments, commodities or currencies in the future.

• Swaps. Contracts that require counterparties to exchange cash flows such as currency or interest payment streams. The amounts exchanged are based on the specific terms of the contract with reference to specified rates, financial instruments, commodities, currencies or indices.

• Options. Contracts in which the option purchaser has the right, but not the obligation, to purchase from or sell to the option writer financial instruments, commodities or currencies within a defined time period for a specified price.

Derivatives are reported on a net-by-counterparty basis (i.e., the net payable or receivable for derivative assets and liabilities for a given counterparty) when a legal right of setoff exists under an enforceable netting agreement (counterparty netting). Derivatives are accounted for at fair value, net of cash collateral received or posted under enforceable credit support agreements (cash collateral netting). Derivative assets and liabilities are included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value” and “Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value,” respectively. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on derivatives not designated as hedges under ASC 815 are included in “Market making” and “Other principal transactions” in Note 4.

130 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The tables below present the gross fair value and the notional amount of derivative contracts by major product type, the amounts of counterparty and cash collateral netting in the consolidated statements of financial condition, as well as cash and securities collateral posted and received under enforceable credit support agreements that do not meet the criteria for netting under U.S. GAAP.

	As of December 2016					As of December 2015
$ in millions		Derivative Assets		Derivative Liabilities			Derivative Assets		Derivative Liabilities
Not accounted for as hedges
Exchange-traded		$        443		$        382			$        310		$        280
OTC-cleared		189,471		168,946			211,272		192,401
Bilateral OTC		309,037		289,491			345,516		321,458
Total interest rates		498,951		458,819			557,098		514,139
OTC-cleared		4,837		4,811			5,203		5,596
Bilateral OTC		21,530		18,770			35,679		31,179
Total credit		26,367		23,581			40,882		36,775
Exchange-traded		36		176			183		204
OTC-cleared		796		798			165		128
Bilateral OTC		111,032		106,318			96,660		99,235
Total currencies		111,864		107,292			97,008		99,567
Exchange-traded		3,219		3,187			2,997		3,623
OTC-cleared		189		197			232		233
Bilateral OTC		8,945		10,487			17,445		17,215
Total commodities		12,353		13,871			20,674		21,071
Exchange-traded		8,576		8,064			9,372		7,908
Bilateral OTC		39,516		45,826			37,788		38,290
Total equities		48,092		53,890			47,160		46,198
Subtotal		697,627		657,453			762,822		717,750
Accounted for as hedges
OTC-cleared		4,347		156			4,567		85
Bilateral OTC		4,180		10			6,660		20
Total interest rates		8,527		166			11,227		105
OTC-cleared		30		40			24		6
Bilateral OTC		55		64			116		27
Total currencies		85		104			140		33
Subtotal		8,612		270			11,367		138
Total gross fair value		$ 706,239		$ 657,723			$ 774,189		$ 717,888
Offset in the consolidated statements of financial condition
Exchange-traded		$    (9,727	)	$    (9,727	)		$    (9,398	)	$    (9,398	)
OTC-cleared		(171,864	)	(171,864	)		(194,928	)	(194,928	)
Bilateral OTC		(385,647	)	(385,647	)		(426,841	)	(426,841	)
Total counterparty netting		(567,238	)	(567,238	)		(631,167	)	(631,167	)
OTC-cleared		(27,560	)	(2,940	)		(26,151	)	(3,305	)
Bilateral OTC		(57,769	)	(40,046	)		(62,981	)	(36,645	)
Total cash collateral netting		(85,329	)	(42,986	)		(89,132	)	(39,950	)
Total amounts offset		$(652,567	)	$(610,224	)		$(720,299	)	$(671,117	)
Included in the consolidated statements of financial condition
Exchange-traded		$     2,547		$     2,082			$     3,464		$     2,617
OTC-cleared		246		144			384		216
Bilateral OTC		50,879		45,273			50,042		43,938
Total		$   53,672		$   47,499			$   53,890		$   46,771
Not offset in the consolidated statements of financial condition
Cash collateral		$       (535	)	$    (2,085	)		$       (498	)	$    (1,935	)
Securities collateral		(15,518	)	(10,224	)		(14,008	)	(10,044	)
Total		$   37,619		$   35,190			$   39,384		$   34,792

	Notional Amounts as of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Not accounted for as hedges
Exchange-traded		$  4,425,532	$  4,402,843
OTC-cleared		16,646,145	20,738,687
Bilateral OTC		11,131,442	12,953,830
Total interest rates		32,203,119	38,095,360
OTC-cleared		378,432	339,244
Bilateral OTC		1,045,913	1,552,806
Total credit		1,424,345	1,892,050
Exchange-traded		13,800	13,073
OTC-cleared		62,799	14,617
Bilateral OTC		5,576,748	5,461,940
Total currencies		5,653,347	5,489,630
Exchange-traded		227,707	203,465
OTC-cleared		3,506	2,839
Bilateral OTC		196,899	230,750
Total commodities		428,112	437,054
Exchange-traded		605,335	528,419
Bilateral OTC		959,112	927,078
Total equities		1,564,447	1,455,497
Subtotal		41,273,370	47,369,591
Accounted for as hedges
OTC-cleared		55,328	51,446
Bilateral OTC		36,607	62,022
Total interest rates		91,935	113,468
OTC-cleared		1,703	1,333
Bilateral OTC		8,544	8,615
Total currencies		10,247	9,948
Subtotal		102,182	123,416
Total notional amount		$41,375,552	$47,493,007

In the tables above:

• Gross fair values exclude the effects of both counterparty netting and collateral, and therefore are not representative of the firm’s exposure.

• Where the firm has received or posted collateral under credit support agreements, but has not yet determined such agreements are enforceable, the related collateral has not been netted.

• Notional amounts, which represent the sum of gross long and short derivative contracts, provide an indication of the volume of the firm’s derivative activity and do not represent anticipated losses.

• Total gross fair value of derivatives includes derivative assets and derivative liabilities of $19.92 billion and $20.79 billion, respectively, as of December 2016, and derivative assets and derivative liabilities of $17.09 billion and $18.16 billion, respectively, as of December 2015, which are not subject to an enforceable netting agreement or are subject to a netting agreement that the firm has not yet determined to be enforceable.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 131

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

A clearing organization adopted a rule change in the first quarter of 2017 that requires transactions to be considered settled each day. Certain other clearing organizations allow for similar treatment. To the extent transactions with these clearing organizations are considered settled, the impact would be a reduction in gross interest rate and credit derivative assets and liabilities, and a corresponding decrease in counterparty and cash collateral netting, with no impact to the consolidated statements of financial condition.

Valuation Techniques for Derivatives

The firm’s level 2 and level 3 derivatives are valued using derivative pricing models (e.g., discounted cash flow models, correlation models, and models that incorporate option pricing methodologies, such as Monte Carlo simulations). Price transparency of derivatives can generally be characterized by product type, as described below.

• Interest Rate. In general, the key inputs used to value interest rate derivatives are transparent, even for most long-dated contracts. Interest rate swaps and options denominated in the currencies of leading industrialized nations are characterized by high trading volumes and tight bid/offer spreads. Interest rate derivatives that reference indices, such as an inflation index, or the shape of the yield curve (e.g., 10-year swap rate vs. 2-year swap rate) are more complex, but the key inputs are generally observable.

• Credit. Price transparency for credit default swaps, including both single names and baskets of credits, varies by market and underlying reference entity or obligation. Credit default swaps that reference indices, large corporates and major sovereigns generally exhibit the most price transparency. For credit default swaps with other underliers, price transparency varies based on credit rating, the cost of borrowing the underlying reference obligations, and the availability of the underlying reference obligations for delivery upon the default of the issuer. Credit default swaps that reference loans, asset-backed securities and emerging market debt instruments tend to have less price transparency than those that reference corporate bonds. In addition, more complex credit derivatives, such as those sensitive to the correlation between two or more underlying reference obligations, generally have less price transparency.

• Currency. Prices for currency derivatives based on the exchange rates of leading industrialized nations, including those with longer tenors, are generally transparent. The primary difference between the price transparency of developed and emerging market currency derivatives is that emerging markets tend to be observable for contracts with shorter tenors.

• Commodity. Commodity derivatives include transactions referenced to energy (e.g., oil and natural gas), metals (e.g., precious and base) and soft commodities (e.g., agricultural). Price transparency varies based on the underlying commodity, delivery location, tenor and product quality (e.g., diesel fuel compared to unleaded gasoline). In general, price transparency for commodity derivatives is greater for contracts with shorter tenors and contracts that are more closely aligned with major and/or benchmark commodity indices.

• Equity. Price transparency for equity derivatives varies by market and underlier. Options on indices and the common stock of corporates included in major equity indices exhibit the most price transparency. Equity derivatives generally have observable market prices, except for contracts with long tenors or reference prices that differ significantly from current market prices. More complex equity derivatives, such as those sensitive to the correlation between two or more individual stocks, generally have less price transparency.

Liquidity is essential to observability of all product types. If transaction volumes decline, previously transparent prices and other inputs may become unobservable. Conversely, even highly structured products may at times have trading volumes large enough to provide observability of prices and other inputs. See Note 5 for an overview of the firm’s fair value measurement policies.

Level 1 Derivatives

Level 1 derivatives include short-term contracts for future delivery of securities when the underlying security is a level 1 instrument, and exchange-traded derivatives if they are actively traded and are valued at their quoted market price.

Level 2 Derivatives

Level 2 derivatives include OTC derivatives for which all significant valuation inputs are corroborated by market evidence and exchange-traded derivatives that are not actively traded and/or that are valued using models that calibrate to market-clearing levels of OTC derivatives.

132 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The selection of a particular model to value a derivative depends on the contractual terms of and specific risks inherent in the instrument, as well as the availability of pricing information in the market. For derivatives that trade in liquid markets, model selection does not involve significant management judgment because outputs of models can be calibrated to market-clearing levels.

Valuation models require a variety of inputs, such as contractual terms, market prices, yield curves, discount rates (including those derived from interest rates on collateral received and posted as specified in credit support agreements for collateralized derivatives), credit curves, measures of volatility, prepayment rates, loss severity rates and correlations of such inputs. Significant inputs to the valuations of level 2 derivatives can be verified to market transactions, broker or dealer quotations or other alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency. Consideration is given to the nature of the quotations (e.g., indicative or firm) and the relationship of recent market activity to the prices provided from alternative pricing sources.

Level 3 Derivatives

Level 3 derivatives are valued using models which utilize observable level 1 and/or level 2 inputs, as well as unobservable level 3 inputs. The significant unobservable inputs used to value the firm’s level 3 derivatives are described below.

• For the majority of the firm’s interest rate and currency derivatives classified within level 3, significant unobservable inputs include correlations of certain currencies and interest rates (e.g., the correlation between Euro inflation and Euro interest rates) and specific interest rate volatilities.

• For level 3 credit derivatives, significant unobservable inputs include illiquid credit spreads and upfront credit points, which are unique to specific reference obligations and reference entities, recovery rates and certain correlations required to value credit derivatives (e.g., the likelihood of default of the underlying reference obligation relative to one another).

• For level 3 commodity derivatives, significant unobservable inputs include volatilities for options with strike prices that differ significantly from current market prices and prices or spreads for certain products for which the product quality or physical location of the commodity is not aligned with benchmark indices.

• For level 3 equity derivatives, significant unobservable inputs generally include equity volatility inputs for options that are long-dated and/or have strike prices that differ significantly from current market prices. In addition, the valuation of certain structured trades requires the use of level 3 correlation inputs, such as the correlation of the price performance of two or more individual stocks or the correlation of the price performance for a basket of stocks to another asset class such as commodities.

Subsequent to the initial valuation of a level 3 derivative, the firm updates the level 1 and level 2 inputs to reflect observable market changes and any resulting gains and losses are recorded in level 3. Level 3 inputs are changed when corroborated by evidence such as similar market transactions, third-party pricing services and/or broker or dealer quotations or other empirical market data. In circumstances where the firm cannot verify the model value by reference to market transactions, it is possible that a different valuation model could produce a materially different estimate of fair value. See below for further information about significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of level 3 derivatives.

Valuation Adjustments

Valuation adjustments are integral to determining the fair value of derivative portfolios and are used to adjust the mid-market valuations produced by derivative pricing models to the appropriate exit price valuation. These adjustments incorporate bid/offer spreads, the cost of liquidity, credit valuation adjustments and funding valuation adjustments, which account for the credit and funding risk inherent in the uncollateralized portion of derivative portfolios. The firm also makes funding valuation adjustments to collateralized derivatives where the terms of the agreement do not permit the firm to deliver or repledge collateral received. Market-based inputs are generally used when calibrating valuation adjustments to market-clearing levels.

In addition, for derivatives that include significant unobservable inputs, the firm makes model or exit price adjustments to account for the valuation uncertainty present in the transaction.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 133

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Fair Value of Derivatives by Level

The tables below present the fair value of derivatives on a gross basis by level and major product type as well as the impact of netting, included in the consolidated statements of financial condition.

	As of December 2016
$ in millions		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Interest rates		$   46		$ 506,818		$    614		$  507,478
Credit		—		21,388		4,979		26,367
Currencies		—		111,762		187		111,949
Commodities		—		11,950		403		12,353
Equities		1		47,667		424		48,092
Gross fair value		47		699,585		6,607		706,239
Counterparty netting within levels		(12	)	(564,100	)	(1,417	)	(565,529	)
Subtotal		$   35		$ 135,485		$ 5,190		$  140,710
Cross-level counterparty netting								(1,709	)
Cash collateral netting								(85,329	)
Net fair value								$    53,672
Liabilities
Interest rates		$  (27	)	$(457,963	)	$   (995	)	$ (458,985	)
Credit		—		(21,106	)	(2,475	)	(23,581	)
Currencies		—		(107,212	)	(184	)	(107,396	)
Commodities		—		(13,541	)	(330	)	(13,871	)
Equities		(967	)	(49,083	)	(3,840	)	(53,890	)
Gross fair value		(994	)	(648,905	)	(7,824	)	(657,723	)
Counterparty netting within levels		12		564,100		1,417		565,529
Subtotal		$(982	)	$  (84,805	)	$(6,407	)	$   (92,194	)
Cross-level counterparty netting								1,709
Cash collateral netting								42,986
Net fair value								$   (47,499	)
	As of December 2015
$ in millions		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Interest rates		$     4		$ 567,761		$    560		$  568,325
Credit		—		34,832		6,050		40,882
Currencies		—		96,959		189		97,148
Commodities		—		20,087		587		20,674
Equities		46		46,491		623		47,160
Gross fair value		50		766,130		8,009		774,189
Counterparty netting within levels		—		(627,548	)	(2,139	)	(629,687	)
Subtotal		$   50		$ 138,582		$ 5,870		$  144,502
Cross-level counterparty netting								(1,480	)
Cash collateral netting								(89,132	)
Net fair value								$    53,890
Liabilities
Interest rates		$  (11	)	$(513,275	)	$   (958	)	$ (514,244	)
Credit		—		(33,518	)	(3,257	)	(36,775	)
Currencies		—		(99,377	)	(223	)	(99,600	)
Commodities		—		(20,222	)	(849	)	(21,071	)
Equities		(18	)	(43,953	)	(2,227	)	(46,198	)
Gross fair value		(29	)	(710,345	)	(7,514	)	(717,888	)
Counterparty netting within levels		—		627,548		2,139		629,687
Subtotal		$  (29	)	$  (82,797	)	$(5,375	)	$   (88,201	)
Cross-level counterparty netting								1,480
Cash collateral netting								39,950
Net fair value								$   (46,771	)

In the tables above:

• The gross fair values exclude the effects of both counterparty netting and collateral netting, and therefore are not representative of the firm’s exposure.

• Counterparty netting is reflected in each level to the extent that receivable and payable balances are netted within the same level and is included in counterparty netting within levels. Where the counterparty netting is across levels, the netting is reflected in cross-level counterparty netting.

• Derivative assets are shown as positive amounts and derivative liabilities are shown as negative amounts.

Significant Unobservable Inputs

The table below presents the amount of level 3 assets (liabilities), and ranges, averages and medians of significant unobservable inputs used to value the firm’s level 3 derivatives.

	Level 3 Assets (Liabilities) and Range of Significant Unobservable Inputs (Average/Median) as of December
$ in millions	2016	2015
Interest rates, net	$(381)	$(398)
Correlation	(10)% to 86% (56%/60%)	(25)% to 92% (53%/55%)
Volatility (bps)	31 to 151 (84/57)	31 to 152 (84/57)
Credit, net	$2,504	$2,793
Correlation	35% to 91% (65%/68%)	46% to 99% (68%/66%)
Credit spreads (bps)	1 to 993 (122/73)	1 to 1,019 (129/86)
Upfront credit points	0 to 100 (43/35)	0 to 100 (41/40)
Recovery rates	1% to 97% (58%/70%)	2% to 97% (58%/70%)
Currencies, net	$3	$(34)
Correlation	25% to 70% (50%/55%)	25% to 70% (50%/51%)
Commodities, net	$73	$(262)
Volatility	13% to 68% (33%/33%)	11% to 77% (35%/34%)
Natural gas spread	$(1.81) to $4.33 ($(0.14)/$(0.05))	$(1.32) to $4.15 ($(0.05)/$(0.01))
Oil spread	$(19.72) to $64.92 ($25.30/$16.43)	$(10.64) to $65.29 ($3.34/$(3.31))
Equities, net	$(3,416)	$(1,604)
Correlation	(39)% to 88% (41%/41%)	(65)% to 94% (42%/48%)
Volatility	5% to 72% (24%/23%)	5% to 76% (24%/23%)

In the table above:

• Derivative assets are shown as positive amounts and derivative liabilities are shown as negative amounts.

• Ranges represent the significant unobservable inputs that were used in the valuation of each type of derivative.

• Averages represent the arithmetic average of the inputs and are not weighted by the relative fair value or notional of the respective financial instruments. An average greater than the median indicates that the majority of inputs are below the average. For example, the difference between the average and the median for credit spreads and oil spread inputs indicates that the majority of the inputs fall in the lower end of the range.

134 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

• The ranges, averages and medians of these inputs are not representative of the appropriate inputs to use when calculating the fair value of any one derivative. For example, the highest correlation for interest rate derivatives is appropriate for valuing a specific interest rate derivative but may not be appropriate for valuing any other interest rate derivative. Accordingly, the ranges of inputs do not represent uncertainty in, or possible ranges of, fair value measurements of the firm’s level 3 derivatives.

• Interest rates, currencies and equities derivatives are valued using option pricing models, credit derivatives are valued using option pricing, correlation and discounted cash flow models, and commodities derivatives are valued using option pricing and discounted cash flow models.

• The fair value of any one instrument may be determined using multiple valuation techniques. For example, option pricing models and discounted cash flows models are typically used together to determine fair value. Therefore, the level 3 balance encompasses both of these techniques.

• Correlation within currencies and equities includes cross-product correlation.

• Natural gas spread represents the spread per million British thermal units of natural gas.

• Oil spread represents the spread per barrel of oil and refined products.

Range of Significant Unobservable Inputs

The following is information about the ranges of significant unobservable inputs used to value the firm’s level 3 derivative instruments:

• Correlation. Ranges for correlation cover a variety of underliers both within one market (e.g., equity index and equity single stock names) and across markets (e.g., correlation of an interest rate and a foreign exchange rate), as well as across regions. Generally, cross-product correlation inputs are used to value more complex instruments and are lower than correlation inputs on assets within the same derivative product type.

• Volatility. Ranges for volatility cover numerous underliers across a variety of markets, maturities and strike prices. For example, volatility of equity indices is generally lower than volatility of single stocks.

• Credit spreads, upfront credit points and recovery rates. The ranges for credit spreads, upfront credit points and recovery rates cover a variety of underliers (index and single names), regions, sectors, maturities and credit qualities (high-yield and investment-grade). The broad range of this population gives rise to the width of the ranges of significant unobservable inputs.

• Commodity prices and spreads. The ranges for commodity prices and spreads cover variability in products, maturities and delivery locations.

Sensitivity of Fair Value Measurement to Changes in Significant Unobservable Inputs

The following is a description of the directional sensitivity of the firm’s level 3 fair value measurements to changes in significant unobservable inputs, in isolation:

• Correlation. In general, for contracts where the holder benefits from the convergence of the underlying asset or index prices (e.g., interest rates, credit spreads, foreign exchange rates, inflation rates and equity prices), an increase in correlation results in a higher fair value measurement.

• Volatility. In general, for purchased options, an increase in volatility results in a higher fair value measurement.

• Credit spreads, upfront credit points and recovery rates. In general, the fair value of purchased credit protection increases as credit spreads or upfront credit points increase or recovery rates decrease. Credit spreads, upfront credit points and recovery rates are strongly related to distinctive risk factors of the underlying reference obligations, which include reference entity-specific factors such as leverage, volatility and industry, market-based risk factors, such as borrowing costs or liquidity of the underlying reference obligation, and macroeconomic conditions.

• Commodity prices and spreads. In general, for contracts where the holder is receiving a commodity, an increase in the spread (price difference from a benchmark index due to differences in quality or delivery location) or price results in a higher fair value measurement.

Due to the distinctive nature of each of the firm’s level 3 derivatives, the interrelationship of inputs is not necessarily uniform within each product type.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 135

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Level 3 Rollforward

The table below presents a summary of the changes in fair value for all level 3 derivatives. In the table below:

• Changes in fair value are presented for all derivative assets and liabilities that are categorized as level 3 as of the end of the period.

• Net unrealized gains/(losses) relate to instruments that were still held at period-end.

• If a derivative was transferred to level 3 during a reporting period, its entire gain or loss for the period is included in level 3. Transfers between levels are reported at the beginning of the reporting period in which they occur.

• Positive amounts for transfers into level 3 and negative amounts for transfers out of level 3 represent net transfers of derivative assets. Negative amounts for transfers into level 3 and positive amounts for transfers out of level 3 represent net transfers of derivative liabilities.

• A derivative with level 1 and/or level 2 inputs is classified in level 3 in its entirety if it has at least one significant level 3 input.

• If there is one significant level 3 input, the entire gain or loss from adjusting only observable inputs (i.e., level 1 and level 2 inputs) is classified as level 3.

• Gains or losses that have been reported in level 3 resulting from changes in level 1 or level 2 inputs are frequently offset by gains or losses attributable to level 1 or level 2 derivatives and/or level 1, level 2 and level 3 cash instruments. As a result, gains/(losses) included in the level 3 rollforward below do not necessarily represent the overall impact on the firm’s results of operations, liquidity or capital resources.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Total level 3 derivatives
Beginning balance		$    495		$    706
Net realized gains/(losses)		(37	)	67
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		777		679
Purchases		115		240
Sales		(3,557	)	(1,864	)
Settlements		782		1,498
Transfers into level 3		352		(4	)
Transfers out of level 3		(144	)	(827	)
Ending balance		$(1,217	)	$    495

The table below disaggregates, by product type, the information for level 3 derivatives included in the summary table above.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Interest rates, net
Beginning balance		$   (398	)	$     (40	)
Net realized gains/(losses)		(41	)	(53	)
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		(138	)	66
Purchases		5		3
Sales		(3	)	(31	)
Settlements		36		(144	)
Transfers into level 3		195		(149	)
Transfers out of level 3		(37	)	(50	)
Ending balance		$   (381	)	$   (398	)
Credit, net
Beginning balance		$ 2,793		$ 3,530
Net realized gains/(losses)		—		92
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		196		804
Purchases		20		80
Sales		(73	)	(237	)
Settlements		(516	)	(640	)
Transfers into level 3		179		206
Transfers out of level 3		(95	)	(1,042	)
Ending balance		$ 2,504		$ 2,793
Currencies, net
Beginning balance		$     (34	)	$   (267	)
Net realized gains/(losses)		(30	)	(49	)
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		(42	)	40
Purchases		14		32
Sales		(2	)	(10	)
Settlements		90		162
Transfers into level 3		1		(1	)
Transfers out of level 3		6		59
Ending balance		$        3		$     (34	)
Commodities, net
Beginning balance		$   (262	)	$(1,142	)
Net realized gains/(losses)		(23	)	34
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		101		(52	)
Purchases		24		—
Sales		(119	)	(234	)
Settlements		391		1,034
Transfers into level 3		(23	)	(35	)
Transfers out of level 3		(16	)	133
Ending balance		$      73		$   (262	)
Equities, net
Beginning balance		$(1,604	)	$(1,375	)
Net realized gains/(losses)		57		43
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		660		(179	)
Purchases		52		125
Sales		(3,360	)	(1,352	)
Settlements		781		1,086
Transfers into level 3		—		(25	)
Transfers out of level 3		(2	)	73
Ending balance		$(3,416	)	$(1,604	)

136 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Level 3 Rollforward Commentary

Year Ended December 2016. The net realized and unrealized gains on level 3 derivatives of $740 million (reflecting $37 million of net realized losses and $777 million of net unrealized gains) for 2016, include gains/losses of approximately $980 million and $(240) million reported in “Market making” and “Other principal transactions” respectively.

The net unrealized gain on level 3 derivatives of $777 million for the year ended December 2016 was primarily attributable to gains on certain equity derivatives, reflecting the impact of an increase in equity prices.

Transfers into level 3 derivatives during 2016 primarily reflected transfers of certain interest rate derivative assets from level 2, principally due to reduced transparency of certain unobservable inputs used to value these derivatives, and transfers of certain credit derivative assets from level 2 primarily due to unobservable credit spread inputs becoming significant to the net risk of certain portfolios.

Transfers out of level 3 derivatives during 2016 primarily reflected transfers of certain credit derivatives assets to level 2, primarily due to unobservable credit spread inputs no longer being significant to the net risk of certain portfolios.

Year Ended December 2015. The net realized and unrealized gains on level 3 derivative assets and liabilities of $746 million (reflecting $67 million of net realized gains and $679 million of net unrealized gains) for 2015, include gains of approximately $518 million and $228 million reported in “Market making” and “Other principal transactions” respectively.

The net unrealized gain on level 3 derivatives of $679 million for 2015 was primarily attributable to gains on certain credit derivatives, reflecting the impact of wider credit spreads, and changes in foreign exchange and interest rates.

Transfers into level 3 derivatives during 2015 primarily reflected transfers of certain credit derivative assets from level 2, primarily due to unobservable credit spread inputs becoming significant to the valuations of these derivatives, and transfers of certain interest rate derivative liabilities from level 2, primarily due to certain unobservable inputs becoming significant to the valuations of these derivatives.

Transfers out of level 3 derivatives during 2015 primarily reflected transfers of certain credit derivative assets to level 2, principally due to increased transparency and reduced significance of certain unobservable credit spread inputs used to value these derivatives.

OTC Derivatives

The table below presents the fair values of OTC derivative assets and liabilities by tenor and major product type.

$ in millions	Less than 1 Year		1 - 5 Years		Greater than 5 Years		Total
As of December 2016
Assets
Interest rates	$  5,845		$18,376		$79,507		$103,728
Credit	1,763		2,695		4,889		9,347
Currencies	18,344		8,292		8,428		35,064
Commodities	3,273		1,415		179		4,867
Equities	3,141		9,249		1,341		13,731
Counterparty netting within tenors	(3,543	)	(5,550	)	(3,794	)	(12,887	)
Subtotal	$28,823		$34,477		$90,550		$153,850
Cross-tenor counterparty netting							(17,396	)
Cash collateral netting							(85,329	)
Total							$  51,125
Liabilities
Interest rates	$  5,679		$10,814		$38,812		$  55,305
Credit	2,060		3,328		1,167		6,555
Currencies	14,720		9,771		5,879		30,370
Commodities	2,546		1,555		2,315		6,416
Equities	7,000		10,426		2,614		20,040
Counterparty netting within tenors	(3,543	)	(5,550	)	(3,794	)	(12,887	)
Subtotal	$28,462		$30,344		$46,993		$105,799
Cross-tenor counterparty netting							(17,396	)
Cash collateral netting							(42,986	)
Total							$  45,417
As of December 2015
Assets
Interest rates	$  4,231		$23,278		$81,401		$108,910
Credit	1,664		4,547		5,842		12,053
Currencies	14,646		8,936		6,353		29,935
Commodities	6,228		3,897		231		10,356
Equities	4,806		7,091		1,550		13,447
Counterparty netting within tenors	(3,660	)	(5,751	)	(5,270	)	(14,681	)
Subtotal	$27,915		$41,998		$90,107		$160,020
Cross-tenor counterparty netting							(20,462	)
Cash collateral netting							(89,132	)
Total							$  50,426
Liabilities
Interest rates	$  5,323		$13,945		$35,592		$  54,860
Credit	1,804		4,704		1,437		7,945
Currencies	12,378		9,940		10,048		32,366
Commodities	4,464		3,136		2,526		10,126
Equities	5,154		5,802		2,994		13,950
Counterparty netting within tenors	(3,660	)	(5,751	)	(5,270	)	(14,681	)
Subtotal	$25,463		$31,776		$47,327		$104,566
Cross-tenor counterparty netting							(20,462	)
Cash collateral netting							(39,950	)
Total							$  44,154

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 137

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

In the table above:

• Tenor is based on expected duration for mortgage-related credit derivatives and generally on remaining contractual maturity for other derivatives.

• Counterparty netting within the same product type and tenor category is included within such product type and tenor category.

• Counterparty netting across product types within the same tenor category is included in counterparty netting within tenors. Where the counterparty netting is across tenor categories, the netting is reflected in cross-tenor counterparty netting.

Credit Derivatives

The firm enters into a broad array of credit derivatives in locations around the world to facilitate client transactions and to manage the credit risk associated with market-making and investing and lending activities. Credit derivatives are actively managed based on the firm’s net risk position.

Credit derivatives are individually negotiated contracts and can have various settlement and payment conventions. Credit events include failure to pay, bankruptcy, acceleration of indebtedness, restructuring, repudiation and dissolution of the reference entity.

The firm enters into the following types of credit derivatives:

• Credit Default Swaps. Single-name credit default swaps protect the buyer against the loss of principal on one or more bonds, loans or mortgages (reference obligations) in the event the issuer (reference entity) of the reference obligations suffers a credit event. The buyer of protection pays an initial or periodic premium to the seller and receives protection for the period of the contract. If there is no credit event, as defined in the contract, the seller of protection makes no payments to the buyer of protection. However, if a credit event occurs, the seller of protection is required to make a payment to the buyer of protection, which is calculated in accordance with the terms of the contract.

• Credit Options. In a credit option, the option writer assumes the obligation to purchase or sell a reference obligation at a specified price or credit spread. The option purchaser buys the right, but does not assume the obligation, to sell the reference obligation to, or purchase it from, the option writer. The payments on credit options depend either on a particular credit spread or the price of the reference obligation.

• Credit Indices, Baskets and Tranches. Credit derivatives may reference a basket of single-name credit default swaps or a broad-based index. If a credit event occurs in one of the underlying reference obligations, the protection seller pays the protection buyer. The payment is typically a pro-rata portion of the transaction’s total notional amount based on the underlying defaulted reference obligation. In certain transactions, the credit risk of a basket or index is separated into various portions (tranches), each having different levels of subordination. The most junior tranches cover initial defaults and once losses exceed the notional amount of these junior tranches, any excess loss is covered by the next most senior tranche in the capital structure.

• Total Return Swaps. A total return swap transfers the risks relating to economic performance of a reference obligation from the protection buyer to the protection seller. Typically, the protection buyer receives from the protection seller a floating rate of interest and protection against any reduction in fair value of the reference obligation, and in return the protection seller receives the cash flows associated with the reference obligation, plus any increase in the fair value of the reference obligation.

The firm economically hedges its exposure to written credit derivatives primarily by entering into offsetting purchased credit derivatives with identical underliers. Substantially all of the firm’s purchased credit derivative transactions are with financial institutions and are subject to stringent collateral thresholds. In addition, upon the occurrence of a specified trigger event, the firm may take possession of the reference obligations underlying a particular written credit derivative, and consequently may, upon liquidation of the reference obligations, recover amounts on the underlying reference obligations in the event of default.

As of December 2016, written and purchased credit derivatives had total gross notional amounts of $690.47 billion and $733.98 billion, respectively, for total net notional purchased protection of $43.51 billion. As of December 2015, written and purchased credit derivatives had total gross notional amounts of $923.48 billion and $968.68 billion, respectively, for total net notional purchased protection of $45.20 billion. Substantially all of the firm’s written and purchased credit derivatives are credit default swaps.

138 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The table below presents certain information about credit derivatives.

	Credit Spread on Underlier (basis points)
$ in millions		0 - 250	251 - 500		501 - 1,000		Greater than 1,000		Total
As of December 2016
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Written Credit Derivatives by Tenor
Less than 1 year		$207,727	$  5,819		$  1,016		$   8,629		$223,191
1 – 5 years		375,208	17,255		8,643		7,986		409,092
Greater than 5 years		52,977	3,928		1,045		233		58,183
Total		$635,912	$27,002		$10,704		$ 16,848		$690,466
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Purchased Credit Derivatives
Offsetting		$558,305	$20,588		$10,133		$ 15,186		$604,212
Other		119,509	7,712		1,098		1,446		129,765
Fair Value of Written Credit Derivatives
Asset		$  13,919	$     606		$     187		$        45		$  14,757
Liability		2,436	902		809		5,686		9,833
Net asset/(liability)		$  11,483	$    (296	)	$    (622	)	$  (5,641	)	$    4,924
As of December 2015
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Written Credit Derivatives by Tenor
Less than 1 year		$240,468	$  2,859		$  2,881		$ 10,533		$256,741
1 – 5 years		514,986	42,399		16,327		26,271		599,983
Greater than 5 years		57,054	6,481		1,567		1,651		66,753
Total		$812,508	$51,739		$20,775		$ 38,455		$923,477
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Purchased Credit Derivatives
Offsetting		$722,436	$46,313		$19,556		$ 33,266		$821,571
Other		132,757	6,383		3,372		4,598		147,110
Fair Value of Written Credit Derivatives
Asset		$  17,110	$     924		$     108		$      190		$  18,332
Liability		2,756	2,596		1,942		12,485		19,779
Net asset/(liability)		$  14,354	$ (1,672	)	$ (1,834	)	$(12,295	)	$   (1,447	)

In the table above:

• Fair values exclude the effects of both netting of receivable balances with payable balances under enforceable netting agreements, and netting of cash received or posted under enforceable credit support agreements, and therefore are not representative of the firm’s credit exposure.

• Tenor is based on expected duration for mortgage-related credit derivatives and on remaining contractual maturity for other credit derivatives.

• The credit spread on the underlier, together with the tenor of the contract, are indicators of payment/performance risk. The firm is less likely to pay or otherwise be required to perform where the credit spread and the tenor are lower.

• Offsetting purchased credit derivatives represent the notional amount of purchased credit derivatives that economically hedge written credit derivatives with identical underliers and are included in offsetting.

• Other purchased credit derivatives represent the notional amount of all other purchased credit derivatives not included in offsetting.

Impact of Credit Spreads on Derivatives

On an ongoing basis, the firm realizes gains or losses relating to changes in credit risk through the unwind of derivative contracts and changes in credit mitigants.

The net gain, including hedges, attributable to the impact of changes in credit exposure and credit spreads (counterparty and the firm’s) on derivatives was $85 million for 2016, $9 million for 2015 and $135 million for 2014.

Bifurcated Embedded Derivatives

The table below presents the fair value and the notional amount of derivatives that have been bifurcated from their related borrowings. These derivatives, which are recorded at fair value, primarily consist of interest rate, equity and commodity products and are included in “Unsecured short-term borrowings” and “Unsecured long-term borrowings” with the related borrowings. See Note 8 for further information.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Fair value of assets		$   676	$   466
Fair value of liabilities		864	794
Net liability		$   188	$   328
Notional amount		$8,726	$7,869

Derivatives with Credit-Related Contingent Features

Certain of the firm’s derivatives have been transacted under bilateral agreements with counterparties who may require the firm to post collateral or terminate the transactions based on changes in the firm’s credit ratings. The firm assesses the impact of these bilateral agreements by determining the collateral or termination payments that would occur assuming a downgrade by all rating agencies. A downgrade by any one rating agency, depending on the agency’s relative ratings of the firm at the time of the downgrade, may have an impact which is comparable to the impact of a downgrade by all rating agencies.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 139

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The table below presents the aggregate fair value of net derivative liabilities under such agreements (excluding application of collateral posted to reduce these liabilities), the related aggregate fair value of the assets posted as collateral and the additional collateral or termination payments that could have been called at the reporting date by counterparties in the event of a one-notch and two-notch downgrade in the firm’s credit ratings.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Net derivative liabilities under bilateral agreements		$32,927	$29,836
Collateral posted		27,840	26,075
Additional collateral or termination payments:
One-notch downgrade		677	1,061
Two-notch downgrade		2,216	2,689

Hedge Accounting

The firm applies hedge accounting for (i) certain interest rate swaps used to manage the interest rate exposure of certain fixed-rate unsecured long-term and short-term borrowings and certain fixed-rate certificates of deposit and (ii) certain foreign currency forward contracts and foreign currency-denominated debt used to manage foreign currency exposures on the firm’s net investment in certain non-U.S. operations.

To qualify for hedge accounting, the hedging instrument must be highly effective at reducing the risk from the exposure being hedged. Additionally, the firm must formally document the hedging relationship at inception and test the hedging relationship at least on a quarterly basis to ensure the hedging instrument continues to be highly effective over the life of the hedging relationship.

Fair Value Hedges

The firm designates certain interest rate swaps as fair value hedges. These interest rate swaps hedge changes in fair value attributable to the designated benchmark interest rate (e.g., London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) or Overnight Index Swap Rate (OIS)), effectively converting a substantial portion of fixed-rate obligations into floating-rate obligations.

The firm applies a statistical method that utilizes regression analysis when assessing the effectiveness of its fair value hedging relationships in achieving offsetting changes in the fair values of the hedging instrument and the risk being hedged (i.e., interest rate risk). An interest rate swap is considered highly effective in offsetting changes in fair value attributable to changes in the hedged risk when the regression analysis results in a coefficient of determination of 80% or greater and a slope between 80% and 125%.

For qualifying fair value hedges, gains or losses on derivatives are included in “Interest expense.” The change in fair value of the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged is reported as an adjustment to its carrying value and is subsequently amortized into interest expense over its remaining life. Gains or losses resulting from hedge ineffectiveness are included in “Interest expense.” When a derivative is no longer designated as a hedge, any remaining difference between the carrying value and par value of the hedged item is amortized to interest expense over the remaining life of the hedged item using the effective interest method. See Note 23 for further information about interest income and interest expense.

The table below presents the gains/(losses) from interest rate derivatives accounted for as hedges, the related hedged borrowings and deposits, and the hedge ineffectiveness on these derivatives, which primarily consists of amortization of prepaid credit spreads resulting from the passage of time.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015		2014
Interest rate hedges		$(1,480	)	$(1,613	)	$ 1,936
Hedged borrowings and deposits		834		898		(2,451	)
Hedge ineffectiveness		$   (646	)	$   (715	)	$   (515	)

Net Investment Hedges

The firm seeks to reduce the impact of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates on its net investments in certain non-U.S. operations through the use of foreign currency forward contracts and foreign currency-denominated debt. For foreign currency forward contracts designated as hedges, the effectiveness of the hedge is assessed based on the overall changes in the fair value of the forward contracts (i.e., based on changes in forward rates). For foreign currency-denominated debt designated as a hedge, the effectiveness of the hedge is assessed based on changes in spot rates.

For qualifying net investment hedges, the gains or losses on the hedging instruments, to the extent effective, are included in “Currency translation” in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

140 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The table below presents the gains/(losses) from net investment hedging.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015		2014
Hedges:
Foreign currency forward contract		$135		$695		$576
Foreign currency-denominated debt		(85	)	(9	)	202

The gain/(loss) related to ineffectiveness was not material for 2016, 2015 or 2014. The gain reclassified to earnings from accumulated other comprehensive income was $167 million for 2016 and was not material for 2015 or 2014.

As of December 2016 and December 2015, the firm had designated $1.69 billion and $2.20 billion, respectively, of foreign currency-denominated debt, included in “Unsecured long-term borrowings” and “Unsecured short-term borrowings,” as hedges of net investments in non-U.S. subsidiaries.

Note 8.

Fair Value Option

Other Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities at Fair Value

In addition to all cash and derivative instruments included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value” and “Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value,” the firm accounts for certain of its other financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value primarily under the fair value option. The primary reasons for electing the fair value option are to:

• Reflect economic events in earnings on a timely basis;

• Mitigate volatility in earnings from using different measurement attributes (e.g., transfers of financial instruments owned accounted for as financings are recorded at fair value whereas the related secured financing would be recorded on an accrual basis absent electing the fair value option); and

• Address simplification and cost-benefit considerations (e.g., accounting for hybrid financial instruments at fair value in their entirety versus bifurcation of embedded derivatives and hedge accounting for debt hosts).

Hybrid financial instruments are instruments that contain bifurcatable embedded derivatives and do not require settlement by physical delivery of non-financial assets (e.g., physical commodities). If the firm elects to bifurcate the embedded derivative from the associated debt, the derivative is accounted for at fair value and the host contract is accounted for at amortized cost, adjusted for the effective portion of any fair value hedges. If the firm does not elect to bifurcate, the entire hybrid financial instrument is accounted for at fair value under the fair value option.

Other financial assets and financial liabilities accounted for at fair value under the fair value option include:

• Repurchase agreements and substantially all resale agreements;

• Securities borrowed and loaned within Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution;

• Substantially all other secured financings, including transfers of assets accounted for as financings rather than sales;

• Certain unsecured short-term borrowings, consisting of all commercial paper and certain hybrid financial instruments;

• Certain unsecured long-term borrowings, including certain prepaid commodity transactions and certain hybrid financial instruments;

• Certain receivables from customers and counterparties, including transfers of assets accounted for as secured loans rather than purchases and certain margin loans;

• Certain time deposits issued by the firm’s bank subsidiaries (deposits with no stated maturity are not eligible for a fair value option election), including structured certificates of deposit, which are hybrid financial instruments; and

• Certain subordinated liabilities of consolidated VIEs.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 141

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Fair Value of Other Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities by Level

The table below presents, by level within the fair value hierarchy, other financial assets and financial liabilities accounted for at fair value primarily under the fair value option.

$ in millions	Level 1	Level 2		Level 3		Total
As of December 2016
Assets
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	$  —	$ 116,077		$         —		$ 116,077
Securities borrowed	—	82,398		—		82,398
Receivables from customers and counterparties	—	3,211		55		3,266
Total	$  —	$ 201,686		$        55		$ 201,741
Liabilities
Deposits	$  —	$  (10,609	)	$  (3,173	)	$  (13,782)
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	—	(71,750	)	(66	)	(71,816)
Securities loaned	—	(2,647	)	—		(2,647)
Other secured financings	—	(20,516	)	(557	)	(21,073)
Unsecured borrowings:
Short-term	—	(10,896	)	(3,896	)	(14,792)
Long-term	—	(22,185	)	(7,225	)	(29,410)
Other liabilities and accrued expenses	—	(559	)	(62	)	(621)
Total	$  —	$(139,162	)	$(14,979	)	$(154,141)
As of December 2015
Assets
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	$  —	$ 132,853		$         —		$ 132,853
Securities borrowed	—	75,340		—		75,340
Receivables from customers and counterparties	—	4,947		45		4,992
Total	$  —	$ 213,140		$         45		$ 213,185
Liabilities
Deposits	$  —	$  (12,465	)	$  (2,215	)	$  (14,680)
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	—	(85,998	)	(71	)	(86,069)
Securities loaned	—	(466	)	—		(466)
Other secured financings	—	(22,658	)	(549	)	(23,207)
Unsecured borrowings:
Short-term	—	(13,610	)	(4,133	)	(17,743)
Long-term	—	(18,049	)	(4,224	)	(22,273)
Other liabilities and accrued expenses	—	(1,201	)	(52	)	(1,253)
Total	$  —	$(154,447	)	$(11,244	)	$(165,691)

In the table above, other financial assets are shown as positive amounts and other financial liabilities are shown as negative amounts.

Valuation Techniques and Significant Inputs

Other financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value are generally valued based on discounted cash flow techniques, which incorporate inputs with reasonable levels of price transparency, and are generally classified as level 2 because the inputs are observable. Valuation adjustments may be made for liquidity and for counterparty and the firm’s credit quality.

See below for information about the significant inputs used to value other financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value, including the ranges of significant unobservable inputs used to value the level 3 instruments within these categories. These ranges represent the significant unobservable inputs that were used in the valuation of each type of other financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value. The ranges and weighted averages of these inputs are not representative of the appropriate inputs to use when calculating the fair value of any one instrument. For example, the highest yield presented below for other secured financings is appropriate for valuing a specific agreement in that category but may not be appropriate for valuing any other agreements in that category. Accordingly, the ranges of inputs presented below do not represent uncertainty in, or possible ranges of, fair value measurements of the firm’s level 3 other financial assets and financial liabilities.

Resale and Repurchase Agreements and Securities Borrowed and Loaned. The significant inputs to the valuation of resale and repurchase agreements and securities borrowed and loaned are funding spreads, the amount and timing of expected future cash flows and interest rates. As of both December 2016 and December 2015, the firm had no level 3 resale agreements, securities borrowed or securities loaned. As of both December 2016 and December 2015, the firm’s level 3 repurchase agreements were not material. See Note 10 for further information about collateralized agreements and financings.

142 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Other Secured Financings. The significant inputs to the valuation of other secured financings at fair value are the amount and timing of expected future cash flows, interest rates, funding spreads, the fair value of the collateral delivered by the firm (which is determined using the amount and timing of expected future cash flows, market prices, market yields and recovery assumptions) and the frequency of additional collateral calls. The ranges of significant unobservable inputs used to value level 3 other secured financings are as follows:

As of December 2016:

• Yield: 0.4% to 16.6% (weighted average: 3.5%)

• Duration: 0.1 to 5.7 years (weighted average: 2.3 years)

As of December 2015:

• Yield: 0.6% to 10.0% (weighted average: 2.7%)

• Duration: 1.6 to 8.8 years (weighted average: 2.8 years)

Generally, increases in funding spreads, yield or duration, in isolation, would result in a lower fair value measurement. Due to the distinctive nature of each of the firm’s level 3 other secured financings, the interrelationship of inputs is not necessarily uniform across such financings. See Note 10 for further information about collateralized agreements and financings.

Unsecured Short-term and Long-term Borrowings. The significant inputs to the valuation of unsecured short-term and long-term borrowings at fair value are the amount and timing of expected future cash flows, interest rates, the credit spreads of the firm, as well as commodity prices in the case of prepaid commodity transactions. The inputs used to value the embedded derivative component of hybrid financial instruments are consistent with the inputs used to value the firm’s other derivative instruments. See Note 7 for further information about derivatives. See Notes 15 and 16 for further information about unsecured short-term and long-term borrowings, respectively.

Certain of the firm’s unsecured short-term and long-term borrowings are included in level 3, substantially all of which are hybrid financial instruments. As the significant unobservable inputs used to value hybrid financial instruments primarily relate to the embedded derivative component of these borrowings, these inputs are incorporated in the firm’s derivative disclosures related to unobservable inputs in Note 7.

Receivables from Customers and Counterparties. Receivables from customers and counterparties at fair value are primarily comprised of transfers of assets accounted for as secured loans rather than purchases. The significant inputs to the valuation of such receivables are commodity prices, interest rates, the amount and timing of expected future cash flows and funding spreads. As of both December 2016 and December 2015, the firm’s level 3 receivables from customers and counterparties were not material.

Deposits. The significant inputs to the valuation of time deposits are interest rates and the amount and timing of future cash flows. The inputs used to value the embedded derivative component of hybrid financial instruments are consistent with the inputs used to value the firm’s other derivative instruments. See Note 7 for further information about derivatives. See Note 14 for further information about deposits.

The firm’s deposits that are included in level 3 are hybrid financial instruments. As the significant unobservable inputs used to value hybrid financial instruments primarily relate to the embedded derivative component of these deposits, these inputs are incorporated in the firm’s derivative disclosures related to unobservable inputs in Note 7.

Transfers Between Levels of the Fair Value Hierarchy

Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are reported at the beginning of the reporting period in which they occur. There were no transfers of other financial assets and financial liabilities between level 1 and level 2 during 2016 or 2015. See “Level 3 Rollforward” below for information about transfers between level 2 and level 3.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 143

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Level 3 Rollforward

The table below presents a summary of the changes in fair value for other level 3 financial assets and financial liabilities accounted for at fair value. In the table below:

• Changes in fair value are presented for all other financial assets and liabilities that are categorized as level 3 as of the end of the period.

• Net unrealized gains/(losses) relate to instruments that were still held at period-end.

• If a financial asset or financial liability was transferred to level 3 during a reporting period, its entire gain or loss for the period is included in level 3. For level 3 other financial assets, increases are shown as positive amounts, while decreases are shown as negative amounts. For level 3 other financial liabilities, increases are shown as negative amounts, while decreases are shown as positive amounts.

• Level 3 other financial assets and liabilities are frequently economically hedged with cash instruments and derivatives. Accordingly, gains or losses that are reported in level 3 can be partially offset by gains or losses attributable to level 1, 2 or 3 cash instruments or derivatives. As a result, gains or losses included in the level 3 rollforward below do not necessarily represent the overall impact on the firm’s results of operations, liquidity or capital resources.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Total other financial assets
Beginning balance		$         45		$         56
Net realized gains/(losses)		6		2
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		1		2
Purchases		10		8
Settlements		(7	)	(22	)
Transfers out of level 3		—		(1	)
Ending balance		$         55		$         45
Total other financial liabilities
Beginning balance		$(11,244	)	$  (9,292	)
Net realized gains/(losses)		(99	)	75
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		(7	)	783
Purchases		(8	)	(1	)
Issuances		(10,236	)	(8,024	)
Settlements		5,983		3,604
Transfers into level 3		(759	)	(1,213	)
Transfers out of level 3		1,391		2,824
Ending balance		$(14,979	)	$(11,244	)

The table below disaggregates, by the consolidated statements of financial condition line items, the information for other financial liabilities included in the summary table above.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Deposits
Beginning balance		$(2,215	)	$(1,065	)
Net realized gains/(losses)		(22	)	(9	)
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		(89	)	56
Issuances		(993	)	(1,252	)
Settlements		146		55
Ending balance		$(3,173	)	$(2,215	)
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
Beginning balance		$     (71	)	$   (124	)
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		(6	)	(2	)
Settlements		11		55
Ending balance		$     (66	)	$     (71	)
Other secured financings
Beginning balance		$   (549	)	$(1,091	)
Net realized gains/(losses)		(8	)	(10	)
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		(3	)	34
Purchases		(5	)	(1	)
Issuances		(150	)	(504	)
Settlements		273		363
Transfers into level 3		(117	)	(85	)
Transfers out of level 3		2		745
Ending balance		$   (557	)	$   (549	)
Unsecured short-term borrowings
Beginning balance		$(4,133	)	$(3,712	)
Net realized gains/(losses)		(57	)	96
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		(115	)	355
Issuances		(3,837	)	(3,377	)
Settlements		3,492		2,275
Transfers into level 3		(370	)	(641	)
Transfers out of level 3		1,124		871
Ending balance		$(3,896	)	$(4,133	)
Unsecured long-term borrowings
Beginning balance		$(4,224	)	$(2,585	)
Net realized gains/(losses)		(27	)	(7	)
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		190		352
Purchases		(3	)	—
Issuances		(5,201	)	(2,888	)
Settlements		2,047		846
Transfers into level 3		(272	)	(464	)
Transfers out of level 3		265		522
Ending balance		$(7,225	)	$(4,224	)
Other liabilities and accrued expenses
Beginning balance		$     (52	)	$   (715	)
Net realized gains/(losses)		15		5
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		16		(12	)
Issuances		(55	)	(3	)
Settlements		14		10
Transfers into level 3		—		(23	)
Transfers out of level 3		—		686
Ending balance		$     (62	)	$     (52	)

144 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Level 3 Rollforward Commentary

Year Ended December 2016. The net realized and unrealized losses on level 3 other financial liabilities of $106 million (reflecting $99 million of net realized losses and $7 million of net unrealized losses) for 2016 include losses of approximately $21 million and $10 million reported in “Market making” and “Interest expense,” respectively, in the consolidated statements of earnings and losses of $75 million reported in “Debt valuation adjustment” in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

The net unrealized loss on level 3 other financial liabilities of $7 million for 2016 primarily reflected losses on certain hybrid financial instruments included in unsecured short-term borrowings, principally due to an increase in global equity prices, and losses on certain hybrid financial instruments included in deposits, principally due to the impact of an increase in the market value of the underlying assets, partially offset by gains on certain hybrid financial instruments included in unsecured long-term borrowings, principally due to changes in foreign exchange rates.

Transfers into level 3 of other financial liabilities during 2016 primarily reflected transfers of certain hybrid financial instruments included in unsecured short-term and long-term borrowings from level 2, principally due to reduced transparency of certain inputs, including correlation and volatility inputs used to value these instruments.

Transfers out of level 3 of other financial liabilities during 2016 primarily reflected transfers of certain hybrid financial instruments included in unsecured short-term and long-term borrowings to level 2, principally due to increased transparency of correlation and volatility inputs used to value these instruments.

Year Ended December 2015. The net realized and unrealized gains on level 3 other financial liabilities of $858 million (reflecting $75 million of net realized gains and $783 million of net unrealized gains) for 2015 include gains/(losses) of approximately $841 million, $28 million and $(11) million reported in “Market making,” “Other principal transactions” and “Interest expense,” respectively.

The net unrealized gain on level 3 other financial liabilities of $783 million for 2015 primarily reflected gains on certain hybrid financial instruments included in unsecured short-term and long-term borrowings, principally due to a decrease in global equity prices, the impact of wider credit spreads, and changes in interest and foreign exchange rates.

Transfers into level 3 of other financial liabilities during 2015 primarily reflected transfers of certain hybrid financial instruments included in unsecured short-term and long-term borrowings from level 2, principally due to reduced transparency of certain correlation and volatility inputs used to value these instruments, and transfers from level 3 unsecured long-term borrowings to level 3 unsecured short-term borrowings, as these borrowings neared maturity.

Transfers out of level 3 of other financial liabilities during 2015 primarily reflected transfers of certain hybrid financial instruments included in unsecured short-term and long-term borrowings and certain other secured financings to level 2, principally due to increased transparency of certain correlation, volatility and funding spread inputs used to value these instruments, transfers to level 3 unsecured short-term borrowings from level 3 unsecured long-term borrowings, as these borrowings neared maturity, and transfers of certain subordinated liabilities included in other liabilities and accrued expenses to level 2, principally due to increased price transparency as a result of market transactions in the related underlying investments.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 145

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Gains and Losses on Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities Accounted for at Fair Value Under the Fair Value Option

The table below presents the gains and losses recognized in earnings as a result of the firm electing to apply the fair value option to certain financial assets and financial liabilities. These gains and losses are included in “Market making” and “Other principal transactions.” The table below also includes gains and losses on the embedded derivative component of hybrid financial instruments included in unsecured short-term borrowings, unsecured long-term borrowings and deposits. These gains and losses would have been recognized under other U.S. GAAP even if the firm had not elected to account for the entire hybrid financial instrument at fair value.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015		2014
Unsecured short-term borrowings		$(1,028	)	$ 346		$(1,180	)
Unsecured long-term borrowings		584		771		(592	)
Other liabilities and accrued expenses		(55	)	(684	)	(441	)
Other		(630	)	(217	)	(366	)
Total		$(1,129	)	$ 216		$(2,579	)

In the table above:

• Gains/(losses) exclude contractual interest, which is included in “Interest income” and “Interest expense,” for all instruments other than hybrid financial instruments. See Note 23 for further information about interest income and interest expense.

• Unsecured short-term borrowings includes gains/(losses) on the embedded derivative component of hybrid financial instruments of $(1.05) billion for 2016, $339 million for 2015 and $(1.22) billion for 2014, respectively.

• Unsecured long-term borrowings includes gains/(losses) on the embedded derivative component of hybrid financial instruments of $737 million for 2016, $653 million for 2015 and $(697) million for 2014, respectively.

• Other liabilities and accrued expenses includes gains/(losses) on certain subordinated liabilities of consolidated VIEs.

• Other primarily consists of gains/(losses) on receivables from customers and counterparties, deposits and other secured financings.

Excluding the gains and losses on the instruments accounted for under the fair value option described above, “Market making” and “Other principal transactions” primarily represent gains and losses on “Financial instruments owned, at fair value” and “Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value.”

Loans and Lending Commitments

The table below presents the difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate contractual principal amount for loans and long-term receivables for which the fair value option was elected. In the table below, the aggregate contractual principal amount of loans on non-accrual status and/or more than 90 days past due (which excludes loans carried at zero fair value and considered uncollectible) exceeds the related fair value primarily because the firm regularly purchases loans, such as distressed loans, at values significantly below the contractual principal amounts.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Performing loans and long-term receivables
Aggregate contractual principal in excess of fair value		$   478	$1,330
Loans on nonaccrual status and/or more than 90 days past due
Aggregate contractual principal in excess of fair value		8,101	9,600
Aggregate fair value of loans on nonaccrual status and/or more than 90 days past due		2,138	2,391

As of December 2016 and December 2015, the fair value of unfunded lending commitments for which the fair value option was elected was a liability of $80 million and $211 million, respectively, and the related total contractual amount of these lending commitments was $7.19 billion and $14.01 billion, respectively. See Note 18 for further information about lending commitments.

146 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Long-Term Debt Instruments

The aggregate contractual principal amount of long-term other secured financings for which the fair value option was elected exceeded the related fair value by $361 million and $362 million as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively. The aggregate contractual principal amount of unsecured long-term borrowings for which the fair value option was elected exceeded the related fair value by $1.56 billion and $1.12 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively. The amounts above include both principal- and non-principal-protected long-term borrowings.

Impact of Credit Spreads on Loans and Lending Commitments

The estimated net gain attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit spreads on loans and lending commitments for which the fair value option was elected was $281 million for 2016, $751 million for 2015 and $1.83 billion for 2014, respectively. The firm generally calculates the fair value of loans and lending commitments for which the fair value option is elected by discounting future cash flows at a rate which incorporates the instrument-specific credit spreads. For floating-rate loans and lending commitments, substantially all changes in fair value are attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit spreads, whereas for fixed-rate loans and lending commitments, changes in fair value are also attributable to changes in interest rates.

Debt Valuation Adjustment

The firm calculates the fair value of financial liabilities for which the fair value option is elected by discounting future cash flows at a rate which incorporates the firm’s credit spreads. The net DVA on such financial liabilities was a loss of $844 million ($544 million, net of tax) for 2016 and was included in “Debt valuation adjustment” in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The gains/(losses) reclassified to earnings from accumulated other comprehensive loss upon extinguishment of such financial liabilities were not material for 2016.

Note 9.

Loans Receivable

Loans receivable is comprised of loans held for investment that are accounted for at amortized cost net of allowance for loan losses. Interest on loans receivable is recognized over the life of the loan and is recorded on an accrual basis.

The table below presents details about loans receivable.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Corporate loans		$24,837		$20,740
Loans to private wealth management clients		13,828		13,961
Loans backed by commercial real estate		4,761		5,271
Loans backed by residential real estate		3,865		2,316
Other loans		2,890		3,533
Total loans receivable, gross		50,181		45,821
Allowance for loan losses		(509	)	(414	)
Total loans receivable		$49,672		$45,407

As of December 2016 and December 2015, the fair value of loans receivable was $49.80 billion and $45.19 billion, respectively. As of December 2016, had these loans been carried at fair value and included in the fair value hierarchy, $28.40 billion and $21.40 billion would have been classified in level 2 and level 3, respectively. As of December 2015, had these loans been carried at fair value and included in the fair value hierarchy, $23.91 billion and $21.28 billion would have been classified in level 2 and level 3, respectively.

The firm also extends lending commitments that are held for investment and accounted for on an accrual basis. As of December 2016 and December 2015, such lending commitments were $98.05 billion and $93.92 billion, respectively. Substantially all of these commitments were extended to corporate borrowers and were primarily related to the firm’s relationship lending activities. The carrying value and the estimated fair value of such lending commitments were liabilities of $327 million and $2.55 billion, respectively, as of December 2016, and $291 million and $3.32 billion, respectively, as of December 2015. As of December 2016, had these lending commitments been carried at fair value and included in the fair value hierarchy, $1.10 billion and $1.45 billion would have been classified in level 2 and level 3, respectively. As of December 2015, had these lending commitments been carried at fair value and included in the fair value hierarchy, $1.35 billion and $1.97 billion would have been classified in level 2 and level 3, respectively.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 147

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The following is a description of the captions in the table above:

• Corporate Loans. Corporate loans include term loans, revolving lines of credit, letter of credit facilities and bridge loans, and are principally used for operating liquidity and general corporate purposes, or in connection with acquisitions. Corporate loans may be secured or unsecured, depending on the loan purpose, the risk profile of the borrower and other factors. Loans receivable related to the firm’s relationship lending activities are reported within corporate loans.

• Loans to Private Wealth Management Clients. Loans to the firm’s private wealth management clients include loans used by clients to finance private asset purchases, employ leverage for strategic investments in real or financial assets, bridge cash flow timing gaps or provide liquidity for other needs. Such loans are primarily secured by securities or other assets.

• Loans Backed by Commercial Real Estate. Loans backed by commercial real estate include loans extended by the firm that are directly or indirectly secured by hotels, retail stores, multifamily housing complexes and commercial and industrial properties. Loans backed by commercial real estate also include loans purchased by the firm.

• Loans Backed by Residential Real Estate. Loans backed by residential real estate include loans extended by the firm to clients who warehouse assets that are directly or indirectly secured by residential real estate. Loans backed by residential real estate also include loans purchased by the firm.

• Other Loans. Other loans primarily include loans extended to clients who warehouse assets that are directly or indirectly secured by consumer loans, including auto loans, and private student loans and other assets. Other loans also includes unsecured loans to individuals made through the firm’s online platform.

Loans receivable includes Purchased Credit Impaired (PCI) loans. PCI loans represent acquired loans or pools of loans with evidence of credit deterioration subsequent to their origination and where it is probable, at acquisition, that the firm will not be able to collect all contractually required payments. Loans acquired within the same reporting period, which have at least two common risk characteristics, one of which relates to their credit risk, are eligible to be pooled together and considered a single unit of account. PCI loans are initially recorded at acquisition price and the difference between the acquisition price and the expected cash flows (accretable yield) is recognized as interest income over the life of such loans or pools of loans on an effective yield method. Expected cash flows on PCI loans are determined using various inputs and assumptions, including default rates, loss severities, recoveries, amount and timing of prepayments and other macroeconomic indicators.

As of December 2016, the gross carrying value of PCI loans was $3.97 billion (including $1.44 billion, $2.51 billion and $18 million related to loans backed by commercial real estate, loans backed by residential real estate and other consumer loans, respectively). The outstanding principal balance and accretable yield related to such loans was $8.52 billion and $526 million, respectively, as of December 2016. At the time of acquisition, the fair value, related expected cash flows, and the contractually required cash flows of PCI loans acquired during 2016 were $2.51 billion, $2.82 billion and $6.39 billion, respectively. As of December 2015, the gross carrying value of PCI loans was $2.12 billion (including $1.16 billion, $941 million and $23 million related to loans backed by commercial real estate, loans backed by residential real estate and other consumer loans, respectively). The outstanding principal balance and accretable yield related to such loans was $5.54 billion and $234 million, respectively, as of December 2015. At the time of acquisition, the fair value, related expected cash flows, and the contractually required cash flows of PCI loans acquired during 2015 were $2.27 billion, $2.50 billion and $6.47 billion, respectively.

148 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Credit Quality

The firm’s risk assessment process includes evaluating the credit quality of its loans receivable. For loans receivable (excluding PCI loans), the firm performs credit reviews which include initial and ongoing analyses of its borrowers. A credit review is an independent analysis of the capacity and willingness of a borrower to meet its financial obligations, resulting in an internal credit rating. The determination of internal credit ratings also incorporates assumptions with respect to the nature of and outlook for the borrower’s industry, and the economic environment. The firm also assigns a regulatory risk rating to such loans based on the definitions provided by the U.S. federal bank regulatory agencies.

The table below presents gross loans receivable (excluding PCI loans of $3.97 billion and $2.12 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, which are not assigned a credit rating equivalent) and related lending commitments by the firm’s internally determined public rating agency equivalent and by regulatory risk rating. Non-criticized/pass loans and lending commitments represent loans and lending commitments that are performing and/or do not demonstrate adverse characteristics that are likely to result in a credit loss.

$ in millions	Loans	Lending Commitments	Total
Credit Rating Equivalent
As of December 2016
Investment-grade	$18,434	$72,323	$  90,757
Non-investment-grade	27,777	25,722	53,499
Total	$46,211	$98,045	$144,256
As of December 2015
Investment-grade	$19,459	$64,898	$  84,357
Non-investment-grade	24,241	29,021	53,262
Total	$43,700	$93,919	$137,619
Regulatory Risk Rating
As of December 2016
Non-criticized/pass	$43,146	$94,966	$138,112
Criticized	3,065	3,079	6,144
Total	$46,211	$98,045	$144,256
As of December 2015
Non-criticized/pass	$40,967	$92,021	$132,988
Criticized	2,733	1,898	4,631
Total	$43,700	$93,919	$137,619

The firm enters into economic hedges to mitigate credit risk on certain loans receivable and commercial lending commitments (both of which are held for investment) related to the firm’s relationship lending activities. Such hedges are accounted for at fair value. See Note 18 for further information about commercial lending commitments and associated hedges.

Loans receivable (excluding PCI loans) are determined to be impaired when it is probable that the firm will not be able to collect all principal and interest due under the contractual terms of the loan. At that time, loans are generally placed on non-accrual status and all accrued but uncollected interest is reversed against interest income, and interest subsequently collected is recognized on a cash basis to the extent the loan balance is deemed collectible. Otherwise, all cash received is used to reduce the outstanding loan balance. In certain circumstances, the firm may also modify the original terms of a loan agreement by granting a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. Such modifications are considered troubled debt restructurings and typically include interest rate reductions, payment extensions, and modification of loan covenants. Loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring are considered impaired and are subject to specific loan-level reserves.

As of December 2016 and December 2015, the gross carrying value of impaired loans receivable (excluding PCI loans) on non-accrual status were $404 million and $223 million, respectively. As of December 2016, such loans included $142 million of corporate loans that were modified in a troubled debt restructuring, and the firm had $144 million in lending commitments related to these loans. There were no such loans as of December 2015.

For PCI loans, the firm’s risk assessment process includes reviewing certain key metrics, such as delinquency status, collateral values, credit scores and other risk factors. When it is determined that the firm cannot reasonably estimate expected cash flows on the PCI loans or pools of loans, such loans are placed on non-accrual status.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 149

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Allowance for Losses on Loans and Lending Commitments

The firm’s allowance for loan losses is comprised of specific loan-level reserves, portfolio level reserves, and reserves on PCI loans as described below:

• Specific loan-level reserves are determined on loans (excluding PCI loans) that exhibit credit quality weakness and are therefore individually evaluated for impairment.

• Portfolio level reserves are determined on loans (excluding PCI loans) not deemed impaired by aggregating groups of loans with similar risk characteristics and estimating the probable loss inherent in the portfolio.

• Reserves on PCI loans are recorded when it is determined that the expected cash flows, which are reassessed on a quarterly basis, will be lower than those used to establish the current effective yield for such loans or pools of loans. If the expected cash flows are determined to be significantly higher than those used to establish the current effective yield, such increases are initially recognized as a reduction to any previously recorded allowances for loan losses and any remaining increases are recognized as interest income prospectively over the life of the loan or pools of loans as an increase to the effective yield.

The allowance for loan losses is determined using various inputs, including industry default and loss data, current macroeconomic indicators, borrower’s capacity to meet its financial obligations, borrower’s country of risk, loan seniority and collateral type. Management’s estimate of loan losses entails judgment about loan collectability at the reporting dates, and there are uncertainties inherent in those judgments. While management uses the best information available to determine this estimate, future adjustments to the allowance may be necessary based on, among other things, changes in the economic environment or variances between actual results and the original assumptions used. Loans are charged off against the allowance for loan losses when deemed to be uncollectible. As of December 2016 and December 2015, substantially all of the firm’s loans receivable were evaluated for impairment at the portfolio level.

The firm also records an allowance for losses on lending commitments that are held for investment and accounted for on an accrual basis. Such allowance is determined using the same methodology as the allowance for loan losses, while also taking into consideration the probability of drawdowns or funding, and is included in “Other liabilities and accrued expenses.” As of December 2016 and December 2015, substantially all of such lending commitments were evaluated for impairment at the portfolio level.

The table below presents changes in the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for losses on lending commitments.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Allowance for loan losses
Beginning balance		$414		$228
Charge-offs		(8	)	(1	)
Provision		138		187
Other		(35	)	—
Ending balance		$509		$414
Allowance for losses on lending commitments
Beginning balance		$188		$  86
Provision		44		102
Other		(20	)	—
Ending balance		$212		$188

In the table above:

• The provision for losses on loans and lending commitments is included in “Other principal transactions.” Substantially all of this provision was related to corporate loans and corporate lending commitments.

• Other represents the reduction to the allowance related to loans and lending commitments transferred to held for sale.

• As of December 2016 and December 2015, substantially all of the allowance for loan losses and allowance for losses on lending commitments were related to corporate loans and corporate lending commitments and were primarily determined at the portfolio level.

• The firm’s allowance for losses on PCI loans as of December 2016 was not material. There was no allowance for losses on PCI loans as of December 2015.

150 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 10.

Collateralized Agreements and Financings

Collateralized agreements are securities purchased under agreements to resell (resale agreements) and securities borrowed. Collateralized financings are securities sold under agreements to repurchase (repurchase agreements), securities loaned and other secured financings. The firm enters into these transactions in order to, among other things, facilitate client activities, invest excess cash, acquire securities to cover short positions and finance certain firm activities.

Collateralized agreements and financings are presented on a net-by-counterparty basis when a legal right of setoff exists. Interest on collateralized agreements and collateralized financings is recognized over the life of the transaction and included in “Interest income” and “Interest expense,” respectively. See Note 23 for further information about interest income and interest expense.

The table below presents the carrying value of resale and repurchase agreements and securities borrowed and loaned transactions.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Securities purchased under agreements to resell		$116,925	$134,308
Securities borrowed		184,600	177,638
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase		71,816	86,069
Securities loaned		7,524	3,614

In the table above:

• Substantially all resale agreements and all repurchase agreements are carried at fair value under the fair value option. See Note 8 for further information about the valuation techniques and significant inputs used to determine fair value.

• As of December 2016 and December 2015, $82.40 billion and $75.34 billion of securities borrowed, and $2.65 billion and $466 million of securities loaned were at fair value, respectively.

Resale and Repurchase Agreements

A resale agreement is a transaction in which the firm purchases financial instruments from a seller, typically in exchange for cash, and simultaneously enters into an agreement to resell the same or substantially the same financial instruments to the seller at a stated price plus accrued interest at a future date.

A repurchase agreement is a transaction in which the firm sells financial instruments to a buyer, typically in exchange for cash, and simultaneously enters into an agreement to repurchase the same or substantially the same financial instruments from the buyer at a stated price plus accrued interest at a future date.

Even though repurchase and resale agreements (including “repos- and reverses-to-maturity”) involve the legal transfer of ownership of financial instruments, they are accounted for as financing arrangements because they require the financial instruments to be repurchased or resold before or at the maturity of the agreement. The financial instruments purchased or sold in resale and repurchase agreements typically include U.S. government and federal agency, and investment-grade sovereign obligations.

The firm receives financial instruments purchased under resale agreements and makes delivery of financial instruments sold under repurchase agreements. To mitigate credit exposure, the firm monitors the market value of these financial instruments on a daily basis, and delivers or obtains additional collateral due to changes in the market value of the financial instruments, as appropriate. For resale agreements, the firm typically requires collateral with a fair value approximately equal to the carrying value of the relevant assets in the consolidated statements of financial condition.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 151

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Securities Borrowed and Loaned Transactions

In a securities borrowed transaction, the firm borrows securities from a counterparty in exchange for cash or securities. When the firm returns the securities, the counterparty returns the cash or securities. Interest is generally paid periodically over the life of the transaction.

In a securities loaned transaction, the firm lends securities to a counterparty in exchange for cash or securities. When the counterparty returns the securities, the firm returns the cash or securities posted as collateral. Interest is generally paid periodically over the life of the transaction.

The firm receives securities borrowed and makes delivery of securities loaned. To mitigate credit exposure, the firm monitors the market value of these securities on a daily basis, and delivers or obtains additional collateral due to changes in the market value of the securities, as appropriate. For securities borrowed transactions, the firm typically requires collateral with a fair value approximately equal to the carrying value of the securities borrowed transaction.

Securities borrowed and loaned within Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution are recorded at fair value under the fair value option. See Note 8 for further information about securities borrowed and loaned accounted for at fair value.

Securities borrowed and loaned within Securities Services are recorded based on the amount of cash collateral advanced or received plus accrued interest. As these arrangements generally can be terminated on demand, they exhibit little, if any, sensitivity to changes in interest rates. Therefore, the carrying value of such arrangements approximates fair value. While these arrangements are carried at amounts that approximate fair value, they are not accounted for at fair value under the fair value option or at fair value in accordance with other U.S. GAAP and therefore are not included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy in Notes 6 through 8. Had these arrangements been included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy, they would have been classified in level 2 as of December 2016 and December 2015.

Offsetting Arrangements

The table below presents the gross and net resale and repurchase agreements and securities borrowed and loaned transactions, and the related amount of counterparty netting included in the consolidated statements of financial condition. The table below also presents the amounts not offset in the consolidated statements of financial condition, including counterparty netting that does not meet the criteria for netting under U.S. GAAP and the fair value of cash or securities collateral received or posted subject to enforceable credit support agreements.

	Assets					Liabilities
$ in millions		Resale agreements		Securities borrowed			Repurchase agreements		Securities loaned
As of December 2016
Included in the consolidated statements of financial condition
Gross carrying value		$ 173,561		$ 189,571			$128,452		$12,495
Counterparty netting		(56,636	)	(4,971	)		(56,636	)	(4,971	)
Total		116,925		184,600			71,816		7,524
Amounts not offset
Counterparty netting		(8,319	)	(4,045	)		(8,319	)	(4,045	)
Collateral		(107,148	)	(170,625	)		(62,081	)	(3,087	)
Total		$     1,458		$     9,930			$    1,416		$     392
As of December 2015
Included in the consolidated statements of financial condition
Gross carrying value		$ 163,199		$ 180,203			$114,960		$  6,179
Counterparty netting		(28,891	)	(2,565	)		(28,891	)	(2,565	)
Total		134,308		177,638			86,069		3,614
Amounts not offset
Counterparty netting		(4,979	)	(1,732	)		(4,979	)	(1,732	)
Collateral		(125,561	)	(167,061	)		(78,958	)	(1,721	)
Total		$     3,768		$     8,845			$    2,132		$     161

In the table above:

• Substantially all of the gross carrying values of these arrangements are subject to enforceable netting agreements.

• Where the firm has received or posted collateral under credit support agreements, but has not yet determined such agreements are enforceable, the related collateral has not been netted.

152 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Gross Carrying Value of Repurchase Agreements and Securities Loaned

The table below presents the gross carrying value of repurchase agreements and securities loaned by class of collateral pledged.

$ in millions	Repurchase agreements	Securities loaned
As of December 2016
Money market instruments	$       317	$       —
U.S. government and federal agency obligations	47,207	115
Non-U.S. government and agency obligations	56,156	1,846
Securities backed by commercial real estate	208	—
Securities backed by residential real estate	122	—
Corporate debt securities	8,297	39
State and municipal obligations	831	—
Other debt obligations	286	—
Equities and convertible debentures	15,028	10,495
Total	$128,452	$12,495
As of December 2015
Money market instruments	$       806	$       —
U.S. government and federal agency obligations	54,856	101
Non-U.S. government and agency obligations	31,547	2,465
Securities backed by commercial real estate	269	—
Securities backed by residential real estate	2,059	—
Corporate debt securities	6,877	30
State and municipal obligations	609	—
Other debt obligations	101	—
Equities and convertible debentures	17,836	3,583
Total	$114,960	$  6,179

The table below presents the gross carrying value of repurchase agreements and securities loaned by maturity date.

	As of December 2016
$ in millions		Repurchase agreements	Securities loaned
No stated maturity and overnight		$  35,939	$  4,825
2 - 30 days		47,339	5,034
31 - 90 days		16,553	500
91 days - 1 year		18,968	1,636
Greater than 1 year		9,653	500
Total		$128,452	$12,495

In the table above:

• Repurchase agreements and securities loaned that are repayable prior to maturity at the option of the firm are reflected at their contractual maturity dates.

• Repurchase agreements and securities loaned that are redeemable prior to maturity at the option of the holder are reflected at the earliest dates such options become exercisable.

Other Secured Financings

In addition to repurchase agreements and securities loaned transactions, the firm funds certain assets through the use of other secured financings and pledges financial instruments and other assets as collateral in these transactions. These other secured financings consist of:

• Liabilities of consolidated VIEs;

• Transfers of assets accounted for as financings rather than sales (primarily collateralized central bank financings, pledged commodities, bank loans and mortgage whole loans); and

• Other structured financing arrangements.

Other secured financings include arrangements that are nonrecourse. As of December 2016 and December 2015, nonrecourse other secured financings were $2.54 billion and $2.20 billion, respectively.

The firm has elected to apply the fair value option to substantially all other secured financings because the use of fair value eliminates non-economic volatility in earnings that would arise from using different measurement attributes. See Note 8 for further information about other secured financings that are accounted for at fair value.

Other secured financings that are not recorded at fair value are recorded based on the amount of cash received plus accrued interest, which generally approximates fair value. While these financings are carried at amounts that approximate fair value, they are not accounted for at fair value under the fair value option or at fair value in accordance with other U.S. GAAP and therefore are not included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy in Notes 6 through 8. Had these financings been included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy, they would have been primarily classified in level 2 as of December 2016 and December 2015.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 153

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The table below presents information about other secured financings.

$ in millions	U.S. Dollar	Non-U.S. Dollar	Total
As of December 2016
Other secured financings (short-term):
At fair value	$  9,380	$ 3,738	$13,118
At amortized cost	—	—	—
Weighted average interest rates	—%	—%
Other secured financings (long-term):
At fair value	5,562	2,393	7,955
At amortized cost	145	305	450
Weighted average interest rates	4.06%	2.16%
Total	$15,087	$ 6,436	$21,523
Other secured financings collateralized by:
Financial instruments	$13,858	$ 5,974	$19,832
Other assets	1,229	462	1,691
As of December 2015
Other secured financings (short-term):
At fair value	$  7,952	$ 5,448	$13,400
At amortized cost	514	319	833
Weighted average interest rates	2.93%	3.83%
Other secured financings (long-term):
At fair value	6,702	3,105	9,807
At amortized cost	370	343	713
Weighted average interest rates	2.87%	1.54%
Total	$15,538	$ 9,215	$24,753
Other secured financings collateralized by:
Financial instruments	$14,862	$ 8,872	$23,734
Other assets	676	343	1,019

In the table above:

• Short-term secured financings include financings maturing within one year of the financial statement date and financings that are redeemable within one year of the financial statement date at the option of the holder.

• Weighted average interest rates exclude secured financings at fair value and include the effect of hedging activities. See Note 7 for further information about hedging activities.

• Total other secured financings include $285 million and $334 million related to transfers of financial assets accounted for as financings rather than sales as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively. Such financings were collateralized by financial assets of $285 million and $336 million as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, primarily included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value.”

• Other secured financings collateralized by financial instruments include $13.65 billion and $14.98 billion of other secured financings collateralized by financial instruments owned, at fair value as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, and include $6.18 billion and $8.76 billion of other secured financings collateralized by financial instruments received as collateral and repledged as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively.

The table below presents other secured financings by maturity date.

$ in millions	As of December 2016
Other secured financings (short-term)	$13,118
Other secured financings (long-term):
2018	5,575
2019	702
2020	1,158
2021	321
2022 - thereafter	649
Total other secured financings (long-term)	8,405
Total other secured financings	$21,523

In the table above:

• Long-term secured financings that are repayable prior to maturity at the option of the firm are reflected at their contractual maturity dates.

• Long-term secured financings that are redeemable prior to maturity at the option of the holder are reflected at the earliest dates such options become exercisable.

Collateral Received and Pledged

The firm receives cash and securities (e.g., U.S. government and federal agency, other sovereign and corporate obligations, as well as equities and convertible debentures) as collateral, primarily in connection with resale agreements, securities borrowed, derivative transactions and customer margin loans. The firm obtains cash and securities as collateral on an upfront or contingent basis for derivative instruments and collateralized agreements to reduce its credit exposure to individual counterparties.

In many cases, the firm is permitted to deliver or repledge financial instruments received as collateral when entering into repurchase agreements and securities loaned transactions, primarily in connection with secured client financing activities. The firm is also permitted to deliver or repledge these financial instruments in connection with other secured financings, collateralized derivative transactions and firm or customer settlement requirements.

The firm also pledges certain financial instruments owned, at fair value in connection with repurchase agreements, securities loaned transactions and other secured financings, and other assets (substantially all real estate and cash) in connection with other secured financings to counterparties who may or may not have the right to deliver or repledge them.

154 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The table below presents financial instruments at fair value received as collateral that were available to be delivered or repledged and were delivered or repledged by the firm.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Collateral available to be delivered or repledged		$634,609	$636,684
Collateral that was delivered or repledged		495,717	496,240

In the table above, as of December 2016 and December 2015, collateral available to be delivered or repledged excludes $15.47 billion and $18.94 billion, respectively, of securities received under resale agreements and securities borrowed transactions that contractually had the right to be delivered or repledged, but were segregated for regulatory and other purposes.

The table below presents information about assets pledged.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Financial instruments owned, at fair value pledged to counterparties that:
Had the right to deliver or repledge		$  51,278	$  54,426
Did not have the right to deliver or repledge		61,099	63,880
Other assets pledged to counterparties that did not have the right to deliver or repledge		3,287	1,841

The firm also segregated $15.29 billion and $19.56 billion of securities included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value” as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, for regulatory and other purposes. See Note 3 for information about segregated cash.

Note 11.

Securitization Activities

The firm securitizes residential and commercial mortgages, corporate bonds, loans and other types of financial assets by selling these assets to securitization vehicles (e.g., trusts, corporate entities and limited liability companies) or through a resecuritization. The firm acts as underwriter of the beneficial interests that are sold to investors. The firm’s residential mortgage securitizations are primarily in connection with government agency securitizations.

Beneficial interests issued by securitization entities are debt or equity securities that give the investors rights to receive all or portions of specified cash inflows to a securitization vehicle and include senior and subordinated interests in principal, interest and/or other cash inflows. The proceeds from the sale of beneficial interests are used to pay the transferor for the financial assets sold to the securitization vehicle or to purchase securities which serve as collateral.

The firm accounts for a securitization as a sale when it has relinquished control over the transferred assets. Prior to securitization, the firm accounts for assets pending transfer at fair value and therefore does not typically recognize significant gains or losses upon the transfer of assets. Net revenues from underwriting activities are recognized in connection with the sales of the underlying beneficial interests to investors.

For transfers of assets that are not accounted for as sales, the assets remain in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value” and the transfer is accounted for as a collateralized financing, with the related interest expense recognized over the life of the transaction. See Notes 10 and 23 for further information about collateralized financings and interest expense, respectively.

The firm generally receives cash in exchange for the transferred assets but may also have continuing involvement with transferred assets, including ownership of beneficial interests in securitized financial assets, primarily in the form of senior or subordinated securities. The firm may also purchase senior or subordinated securities issued by securitization vehicles (which are typically VIEs) in connection with secondary market-making activities.

The primary risks included in beneficial interests and other interests from the firm’s continuing involvement with securitization vehicles are the performance of the underlying collateral, the position of the firm’s investment in the capital structure of the securitization vehicle and the market yield for the security. These interests are primarily accounted for at fair value and are classified in level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Beneficial interests and other interests not accounted for at fair value are carried at amounts that approximate fair value. See Notes 5 through 8 for further information about fair value measurements.

The table below presents the amount of financial assets securitized and the cash flows received on retained interests in securitization entities in which the firm had continuing involvement as of the end of the period.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016	2015	2014
Residential mortgages		$12,164	$10,479	$19,099
Commercial mortgages		233	6,043	2,810
Other financial assets		181	—	1,009
Total		$12,578	$16,522	$22,918
Retained interests cash flows		$     189	$     174	$     215

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 155

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The table below presents the firm’s continuing involvement in nonconsolidated securitization entities to which the firm sold assets, as well as the total outstanding principal amount of transferred assets in which the firm has continuing involvement.

$ in millions	Outstanding Principal Amount	Retained Interests	Purchased Interests
As of December 2016
U.S. government agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations	$25,140	$   953	$24
Other residential mortgage-backed	3,261	540	6
Other commercial mortgage-backed	357	15	—
CDOs, CLOs and other	2,284	56	6
Total	$31,042	$1,564	$36
As of December 2015
U.S. government agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations	$39,088	$   846	$20
Other residential mortgage-backed	2,195	154	17
Other commercial mortgage-backed	6,842	115	28
CDOs, CLOs and other	2,732	44	7
Total	$50,857	$1,159	$72

In the table above:

• The outstanding principal amount is presented for the purpose of providing information about the size of the securitization entities in which the firm has continuing involvement and is not representative of the firm’s risk of loss.

• For retained or purchased interests, the firm’s risk of loss is limited to the carrying value of these interests.

• Purchased interests represent senior and subordinated interests, purchased in connection with secondary market-making activities, in securitization entities in which the firm also holds retained interests.

• Substantially all of the total outstanding principal amount and total retained interests as of December 2016 and December 2015 relate to securitizations during 2012 and thereafter.

• The fair value of retained interests was $1.58 billion and $1.16 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively.

In addition to the interests in the table above, the firm had other continuing involvement in the form of derivative transactions and commitments with certain nonconsolidated VIEs. The carrying value of these derivatives and commitments was a net asset of $48 million and $92 million as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively. The notional amounts of these derivatives and commitments are included in maximum exposure to loss in the nonconsolidated VIE table in Note 12.

The table below presents the weighted average key economic assumptions used in measuring the fair value of mortgage-backed retained interests and the sensitivity of this fair value to immediate adverse changes of 10% and 20% in those assumptions.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Fair value of retained interests		$1,519		$1,115
Weighted average life (years)		7.5		7.5
Constant prepayment rate		8.1%		10.4%
Impact of 10% adverse change		$    (14	)	$    (22	)
Impact of 20% adverse change		(28	)	(43	)
Discount rate		5.3%		5.5%
Impact of 10% adverse change		$    (37	)	$    (28	)
Impact of 20% adverse change		(71	)	(55	)

In the table above:

• Amounts do not reflect the benefit of other financial instruments that are held to mitigate risks inherent in these retained interests.

• Changes in fair value based on an adverse variation in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumptions to the change in fair value is not usually linear.

• The impact of a change in a particular assumption is calculated independently of changes in any other assumption. In practice, simultaneous changes in assumptions might magnify or counteract the sensitivities disclosed above.

• The constant prepayment rate is included only for positions for which it is a key assumption in the determination of fair value.

• The discount rate for retained interests that relate to U.S. government agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations does not include any credit loss.

• Expected credit loss assumptions are reflected in the discount rate for the remainder of retained interests.

The firm has other retained interests not reflected in the table above with a fair value of $56 million and a weighted average life of 3.5 years as of December 2016, and a fair value of $44 million and a weighted average life of 3.5 years as of December 2015. Due to the nature and current fair value of certain of these retained interests, the weighted average assumptions for constant prepayment and discount rates and the related sensitivity to adverse changes are not meaningful as of December 2016 and December 2015. The firm’s maximum exposure to adverse changes in the value of these interests is the carrying value of $56 million and $44 million as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively.

156 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 12.

Variable Interest Entities

A variable interest in a VIE is an investment (e.g., debt or equity securities) or other interest (e.g., derivatives or loans and lending commitments) that will absorb portions of the VIE’s expected losses and/or receive portions of the VIE’s expected residual returns.

The firm’s variable interests in VIEs include senior and subordinated debt in residential and commercial mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securitization entities, CDOs and CLOs; loans and lending commitments; limited and general partnership interests; preferred and common equity; derivatives that may include foreign currency, equity and/or credit risk; guarantees; and certain of the fees the firm receives from investment funds. Certain interest rate, foreign currency and credit derivatives the firm enters into with VIEs are not variable interests because they create, rather than absorb, risk.

VIEs generally finance the purchase of assets by issuing debt and equity securities that are either collateralized by or indexed to the assets held by the VIE. The debt and equity securities issued by a VIE may include tranches of varying levels of subordination. The firm’s involvement with VIEs includes securitization of financial assets, as described in Note 11, and investments in and loans to other types of VIEs, as described below. See Note 11 for additional information about securitization activities, including the definition of beneficial interests. See Note 3 for the firm’s consolidation policies, including the definition of a VIE.

VIE Consolidation Analysis

The enterprise with a controlling financial interest in a VIE is known as the primary beneficiary and consolidates the VIE. The firm determines whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE by performing an analysis that principally considers:

• Which variable interest holder has the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance;

• Which variable interest holder has the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE;

• The VIE’s purpose and design, including the risks the VIE was designed to create and pass through to its variable interest holders;

• The VIE’s capital structure;

• The terms between the VIE and its variable interest holders and other parties involved with the VIE; and

• Related-party relationships.

The firm reassesses its initial evaluation of whether an entity is a VIE when certain reconsideration events occur. The firm reassesses its determination of whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE on an ongoing basis based on current facts and circumstances.

VIE Activities

The firm is principally involved with VIEs through the following business activities:

Mortgage-Backed VIEs and Corporate CDO and CLO VIEs. The firm sells residential and commercial mortgage loans and securities to mortgage-backed VIEs and corporate bonds and loans to corporate CDO and CLO VIEs and may retain beneficial interests in the assets sold to these VIEs. The firm purchases and sells beneficial interests issued by mortgage-backed and corporate CDO and CLO VIEs in connection with market-making activities. In addition, the firm may enter into derivatives with certain of these VIEs, primarily interest rate swaps, which are typically not variable interests. The firm generally enters into derivatives with other counterparties to mitigate its risk from derivatives with these VIEs.

Certain mortgage-backed and corporate CDO and CLO VIEs, usually referred to as synthetic CDOs or credit-linked note VIEs, synthetically create the exposure for the beneficial interests they issue by entering into credit derivatives, rather than purchasing the underlying assets. These credit derivatives may reference a single asset, an index, or a portfolio/basket of assets or indices. See Note 7 for further information about credit derivatives. These VIEs use the funds from the sale of beneficial interests and the premiums received from credit derivative counterparties to purchase securities which serve to collateralize the beneficial interest holders and/or the credit derivative counterparty. These VIEs may enter into other derivatives, primarily interest rate swaps, which are typically not variable interests. The firm may be a counterparty to derivatives with these VIEs and generally enters into derivatives with other counterparties to mitigate its risk.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 157

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Real Estate, Credit-Related and Other Investing VIEs. The firm purchases equity and debt securities issued by and makes loans to VIEs that hold real estate, performing and nonperforming debt, distressed loans and equity securities. The firm typically does not sell assets to, or enter into derivatives with, these VIEs.

Other Asset-Backed VIEs. The firm structures VIEs that issue notes to clients, and purchases and sells beneficial interests issued by other asset-backed VIEs in connection with market-making activities. In addition, the firm may enter into derivatives with certain other asset-backed VIEs, primarily total return swaps on the collateral assets held by these VIEs under which the firm pays the VIE the return due to the note holders and receives the return on the collateral assets owned by the VIE. The firm generally can be removed as the total return swap counterparty. The firm generally enters into derivatives with other counterparties to mitigate its risk from derivatives with these VIEs. The firm typically does not sell assets to the other asset-backed VIEs it structures.

Principal-Protected Note VIEs. The firm structures VIEs that issue principal-protected notes to clients. These VIEs own portfolios of assets, principally with exposure to hedge funds. Substantially all of the principal protection on the notes issued by these VIEs is provided by the asset portfolio rebalancing that is required under the terms of the notes. The firm enters into total return swaps with these VIEs under which the firm pays the VIE the return due to the principal-protected note holders and receives the return on the assets owned by the VIE. The firm may enter into derivatives with other counterparties to mitigate the risk it has from the derivatives it enters into with these VIEs. The firm also obtains funding through these VIEs.

Investments in Funds and Other VIEs. The firm makes equity investments in certain of the investment fund VIEs it manages and is entitled to receive fees from these VIEs. The firm typically does not sell assets to, or enter into derivatives with, these VIEs. Other VIEs primarily includes nonconsolidated power-related VIEs. The firm purchases debt and equity securities issued by VIEs that hold power-related assets and may provide commitments to these VIEs.

Adoption of ASU No. 2015-02

The firm adopted ASU No. 2015-02 as of January 1, 2016. Upon adoption, certain of the firm’s investments in entities that were previously classified as voting interest entities are now classified as VIEs. These include investments in certain limited partnership entities that have been deconsolidated upon adoption as certain fee interests are not considered significant interests under the guidance, and the firm is no longer deemed to have a controlling financial interest in such entities. See Note 3 for further information about the adoption of ASU No. 2015-02.

Nonconsolidated VIEs. As a result of adoption as of January 1, 2016, “Investments in funds and other” nonconsolidated VIEs included $10.70 billion in “Assets in VIEs,” $543 million in “Carrying value of variable interests – assets” and $559 million in “Maximum exposure to loss” related to investments in limited partnership entities that were previously classified as nonconsolidated voting interest entities.

Consolidated VIEs. As a result of adoption as of January 1, 2016, “Real estate, credit-related and other investing” consolidated VIEs included $302 million of assets, substantially all included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value,” and $122 million of liabilities, included in “Other liabilities and accrued expenses” primarily related to investments in limited partnership entities that were previously classified as consolidated voting interest entities.

158 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Nonconsolidated VIEs

The table below presents a summary of the nonconsolidated VIEs in which the firm holds variable interests. The firm’s exposure to the obligations of VIEs is generally limited to its interests in these entities. In certain instances, the firm provides guarantees, including derivative guarantees, to VIEs or holders of variable interests in VIEs. The nature of the firm’s variable interests can take different forms, as described in the rows under maximum exposure to loss. In the table below:

• The maximum exposure to loss excludes the benefit of offsetting financial instruments that are held to mitigate the risks associated with these variable interests.

• For retained and purchased interests, and loans and investments, the maximum exposure to loss is the carrying value of these interests.

• For commitments and guarantees, and derivatives, the maximum exposure to loss is the notional amount, which does not represent anticipated losses and also has not been reduced by unrealized losses already recorded. As a result, the maximum exposure to loss exceeds liabilities recorded for commitments and guarantees, and derivatives provided to VIEs.

• Total maximum exposure to loss for commitments and guarantees, and derivatives include $1.28 billion and $1.52 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, related to transactions with VIEs to which the firm transferred assets.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Total nonconsolidated VIEs
Assets in VIEs		$70,083	$90,145
Carrying value of variable interests — assets		6,199	7,171
Carrying value of variable interests — liabilities		254	177
Maximum exposure to loss:
Retained interests		1,564	1,159
Purchased interests		544	1,528
Commitments and guarantees		2,196	2,020
Derivatives		7,144	6,936
Loans and investments		3,760	4,108
Total maximum exposure to loss		$15,208	$15,751

The table below disaggregates, by principal business activity, the information for nonconsolidated VIEs included in the summary table above.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Mortgage-backed
Assets in VIEs		$32,714	$62,672
Carrying value of variable interests — assets		1,936	2,439
Maximum exposure to loss:
Retained interests		1,508	1,115
Purchased interests		429	1,324
Commitments and guarantees		9	40
Derivatives		163	222
Total maximum exposure to loss		$  2,109	$  2,701
Corporate CDOs and CLOs
Assets in VIEs		$  5,391	$  6,493
Carrying value of variable interests — assets		393	624
Carrying value of variable interests — liabilities		25	29
Maximum exposure to loss:
Retained interests		2	3
Purchased interests		43	106
Commitments and guarantees		186	647
Derivatives		2,841	2,633
Loans and investments		94	265
Total maximum exposure to loss		$  3,166	$  3,654
Real estate, credit-related and other investing
Assets in VIEs		$  8,617	$  9,793
Carrying value of variable interests — assets		2,550	3,557
Carrying value of variable interests — liabilities		3	3
Maximum exposure to loss:
Commitments and guarantees		693	570
Loans and investments		2,550	3,557
Total maximum exposure to loss		$  3,243	$  4,127
Other asset-backed
Assets in VIEs		$  6,405	$  7,026
Carrying value of variable interests — assets		293	265
Carrying value of variable interests — liabilities		220	145
Maximum exposure to loss:
Retained interests		54	41
Purchased interests		72	98
Commitments and guarantees		275	500
Derivatives		4,134	4,075
Loans and investments		89	—
Total maximum exposure to loss		$  4,624	$  4,714
Investments in funds and other
Assets in VIEs		$16,956	$  4,161
Carrying value of variable interests — assets		1,027	286
Carrying value of variable interests — liabilities		6	—
Maximum exposure to loss:
Commitments and guarantees		1,033	263
Derivatives		6	6
Loans and investments		1,027	286
Total maximum exposure to loss		$  2,066	$     555

In the table above, mortgage-backed includes assets in VIEs of $1.54 billion and $4.08 billion, and maximum exposure to loss of $279 million and $502 million, as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, related to CDOs backed by mortgage obligations.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 159

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The carrying values of the firm’s variable interests in nonconsolidated VIEs are included in the consolidated statements of financial condition as follows:

• Mortgage-backed: As of December 2016, substantially all assets were included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value,” “Loans receivable” and “Receivables from customers and counterparties.” As of December 2015, all assets were included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value;”

• Corporate CDOs and CLOs: As of both December 2016 and December 2015, all assets were included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value” and all liabilities were included in “Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value;”

• Real estate, credit-related and other investing: As of both December 2016 and December 2015, all assets were included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value,” “Loans receivable” and “Other assets,” and all liabilities were included in “Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value” and “Other liabilities and accrued expenses;”

• Other asset-backed: As of both December 2016 and December 2015, all assets were included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value” and “Loans receivable” and all liabilities were included in “Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value;” and

• Investments in funds and other: As of both December 2016 and December 2015, substantially all assets were included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value” and all liabilities were included in “Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value.”

Consolidated VIEs

The table below presents a summary of the carrying amount and classification of assets and liabilities in consolidated VIEs. In the table below:

• Assets and liabilities are presented net of intercompany eliminations and exclude the benefit of offsetting financial instruments that are held to mitigate the risks associated with the firm’s variable interests.

• VIEs in which the firm holds a majority voting interest are excluded if (i) the VIE meets the definition of a business and (ii) the VIE’s assets can be used for purposes other than the settlement of its obligations.

• Substantially all the assets can only be used to settle obligations of the VIE.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Total consolidated VIEs
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents		$   300	$   423
Receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations		—	1
Loans receivable		603	1,534
Financial instruments owned, at fair value		2,047	2,283
Other assets		682	471
Total		$3,632	$4,712
Liabilities
Other secured financings		$   854	$   858
Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations		1	—
Payables to customers and counterparties		—	434
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value		7	16
Unsecured short-term borrowings		197	416
Unsecured long-term borrowings		334	312
Other liabilities and accrued expenses		803	556
Total		$2,196	$2,592

160 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The table below disaggregates, by principal business activity, the information for consolidated VIEs included in the summary table above.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Real estate, credit-related and other investing
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents		$   300	$   423
Receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations		—	1
Loans receivable		603	1,534
Financial instruments owned, at fair value		1,708	1,585
Other assets		680	456
Total		$3,291	$3,999
Liabilities
Other secured financings		$   284	$   332
Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations		1	—
Payables to customers and counterparties		—	2
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value		7	16
Other liabilities and accrued expenses		803	556
Total		$1,095	$   906
CDOs, mortgage-backed and other asset-backed
Assets
Financial instruments owned, at fair value		$   253	$   572
Other assets		2	15
Total		$   255	$   587
Liabilities
Other secured financings		$   139	$   113
Payables to customers and counterparties		—	432
Total		$   139	$   545
Principal-protected notes
Assets
Financial instruments owned, at fair value		$     86	$   126
Total		$     86	$   126
Liabilities
Other secured financings		$   431	$   413
Unsecured short-term borrowings		197	416
Unsecured long-term borrowings		334	312
Total		$   962	$1,141

In the table above:

• The majority of the assets in principal-protected notes VIEs are intercompany and are eliminated in consolidation.

• The liabilities of real estate, credit-related and other investing VIEs, and CDOs, mortgage-backed and other asset-backed VIEs do not have recourse to the general credit of the firm.

Note 13.

Other Assets

Other assets are generally less liquid, non-financial assets. The table below presents other assets by type.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Property, leasehold improvements and equipment		$12,070	$  9,956
Goodwill and identifiable intangible assets		4,095	4,148
Income tax-related assets		5,550	5,548
Equity-method investments		219	258
Miscellaneous receivables and other		3,547	5,308
Total		$25,481	$25,218

In the table above:

• Equity-method investments exclude investments accounted for at fair value under the fair value option where the firm would otherwise apply the equity method of accounting of $7.92 billion and $6.59 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, all of which are included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value.” The firm has generally elected the fair value option for such investments acquired after the fair value option became available.

• The decrease in miscellaneous receivables and other from December 2015 to December 2016 reflects the sale of assets previously classified as held for sale related to certain of the firm’s consolidated investments. Miscellaneous receivables and other includes $682 million and $581 million of investments in qualified affordable housing projects as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively.

Property, Leasehold Improvements and Equipment

Property, leasehold improvements and equipment in the table above is net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $7.68 billion and $7.77 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively. Property, leasehold improvements and equipment included $5.96 billion and $5.93 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, related to property, leasehold improvements and equipment that the firm uses in connection with its operations. The remainder is held by investment entities, including VIEs, consolidated by the firm. Substantially all property and equipment is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the asset. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the improvement or the term of the lease, whichever is shorter. Capitalized costs of software developed or obtained for internal use are amortized on a straight-line basis over three years.

Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets

The tables below present the carrying values of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets.

	Goodwill as of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Investment Banking:
Financial Advisory		$     98	$     98
Underwriting		183	183
Institutional Client Services:
Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution		269	269
Equities Client Execution		2,403	2,402
Securities Services		105	105
Investing & Lending		2	2
Investment Management		606	598
Total		$3,666	$3,657

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 161

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

	Identifiable Intangible Assets as of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Institutional Client Services:
Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution		$  65	$  92
Equities Client Execution		141	193
Investing & Lending		105	75
Investment Management		118	131
Total		$429	$491

Goodwill. Goodwill is the cost of acquired companies in excess of the fair value of net assets, including identifiable intangible assets, at the acquisition date.

Goodwill is assessed for impairment annually in the fourth quarter or more frequently if events occur or circumstances change that indicate an impairment may exist. When assessing goodwill for impairment, first, qualitative factors are assessed to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the results of the qualitative assessment are not conclusive, a quantitative goodwill test is performed. The quantitative goodwill test consists of two steps:

• The first step compares the estimated fair value of each reporting unit with its estimated net book value (including goodwill and identifiable intangible assets). If the reporting unit’s estimated fair value exceeds its estimated net book value, goodwill is not impaired. To estimate the fair value of each reporting unit, a relative value technique is used because the firm believes market participants would use this technique to value the firm’s reporting units. The relative value technique applies observable price-to-earnings multiples or price-to-book multiples and projected return on equity of comparable competitors to reporting units’ net earnings or net book value. The net book value of each reporting unit reflects an allocation of total shareholders’ equity and represents the estimated amount of total shareholders’ equity required to support the activities of the reporting unit under currently applicable regulatory capital requirements.

• If the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is less than its estimated net book value, the second step of the goodwill test is performed to measure the amount of impairment, if any. An impairment is equal to the excess of the carrying amount of goodwill over its fair value.

During the fourth quarter of 2016, the firm assessed goodwill for impairment using a qualitative assessment. Multiple factors were assessed with respect to each of the firm’s reporting units to determine whether it was more likely than not that the fair value of any of these reporting units was less than its carrying amount. The qualitative assessment also considered changes since the 2015 quantitative test.

In accordance with ASC 350, the firm considered the following factors in the qualitative assessment performed in the fourth quarter when evaluating whether it was more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit was less than its carrying amount:

• Performance Indicators. During 2016, the firm’s net earnings, pre-tax margin, diluted earnings per common share, return on average common shareholders’ equity and book value per common share increased as compared with 2015. In addition, the firm’s overall cost structure declined reflecting the impact of expense savings initiatives.

• Firm and Industry Events. There were no events, entity-specific or otherwise, since the 2015 quantitative goodwill test that would have had a significant negative impact on the valuation of the firm’s reporting units.

• Macroeconomic Indicators. Since the 2015 quantitative goodwill test, the firm’s general operating environment improved as concerns about the outlook for global economic growth moderated.

• Fair Value Indicators. Since the 2015 quantitative goodwill test, fair value indicators improved as global equity prices increased and credit spreads tightened. In addition, most publicly-traded industry participants, including the firm, experienced increases in stock price, price-to-book multiples and price-to-earnings multiples.

As a result of the qualitative assessment, the firm determined that it was more likely than not that the fair value of each of the reporting units exceeded its respective carrying amount.

Notwithstanding the results of the qualitative assessment, since the 2015 quantitative goodwill test determined that the estimated fair value of the Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution reporting unit was not substantially in excess of its carrying value, the firm also performed a quantitative test on this reporting unit during the fourth quarter of 2016. In the quantitative test, the estimated fair value of the Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution reporting unit substantially exceeded its carrying value.

Therefore, the firm determined that goodwill for all reporting units was not impaired.

162 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Identifiable Intangible Assets. The table below presents the gross carrying amount, accumulated amortization and net carrying amount of identifiable intangible assets.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Customer lists
Gross carrying amount		$ 1,065		$ 1,072
Accumulated amortization		(837	)	(777	)
Net carrying amount		228		295
Other
Gross carrying amount		543		449
Accumulated amortization		(342	)	(253	)
Net carrying amount		201		196
Total
Gross carrying amount		1,608		1,521
Accumulated amortization		(1,179	)	(1,030	)
Net carrying amount		$    429		$    491

In the table above:

• The net carrying amount of other intangibles primarily includes intangible assets related to acquired leases and commodities transportation rights.

• During 2016 and 2015, the firm acquired $89 million (primarily related to acquired leases) and $67 million (primarily related to customer lists), respectively, of intangible assets with a weighted average amortization period of three years.

Substantially all of the firm’s identifiable intangible assets are considered to have finite useful lives and are amortized over their estimated useful lives generally using the straight-line method.

The tables below present details about amortization of identifiable intangible assets.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016	2015	2014
Amortization		$162	$132	$217

$ in millions	As of December 2016
Estimated future amortization
2017	$133
2018	113
2019	79
2020	29
2021	19

Impairments

The firm tests property, leasehold improvements and equipment, identifiable intangible assets and other assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances suggest that an asset’s or asset group’s carrying value may not be fully recoverable. To the extent the carrying value of an asset exceeds the projected undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposal of the asset or asset group, the firm determines the asset is impaired and records an impairment equal to the difference between the estimated fair value and the carrying value of the asset or asset group. In addition, the firm will recognize an impairment prior to the sale of an asset if the carrying value of the asset exceeds its estimated fair value.

During both 2016 and 2015, impairments were not material to the firm’s results of operations or financial condition.

During 2014, primarily as a result of deterioration in market and operating conditions related to certain of the firm’s consolidated investments and the firm’s exchange-traded fund lead market maker (LMM) rights, the firm determined that certain assets were impaired and recorded impairments of $360 million, all of which were included in “Depreciation and amortization.” These impairments consisted of $268 million related to property, leasehold improvements and equipment, substantially all of which was attributable to a consolidated investment in Latin America, $70 million related to identifiable intangible assets, primarily attributable to the firm’s LMM rights, and $22 million related to goodwill as a result of the sale of Metro International Trade Services (Metro). The impairments related to property, leasehold improvements and equipment and goodwill were included within the firm’s Investing & Lending segment and the impairments related to identifiable intangible assets were principally included within the firm’s Institutional Client Services segment. The impairments represented the excess of the carrying values of these assets over their estimated fair values, substantially all of which are calculated using level 3 measurements. These fair values were calculated using a combination of discounted cash flow analyses and relative value analyses, including the estimated cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of these assets.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 163

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 14.

Deposits

The table below presents the types and sources of the firm’s deposits.

$ in millions	Savings and Demand	Time	Total
As of December 2016
Private bank and online retail	$61,166	$  4,437	$  65,603
Brokered certificates of deposit	—	34,905	34,905
Deposit sweep programs	16,019	—	16,019
Institutional	12	7,559	7,571
Total	$77,197	$46,901	$124,098
As of December 2015
Private bank	$38,715	$  2,354	$  41,069
Brokered certificates of deposit	—	32,419	32,419
Deposit sweep programs	15,791	—	15,791
Institutional	1	8,239	8,240
Total	$54,507	$43,012	$  97,519

In April 2016, Goldman Sachs Bank USA (GS Bank USA) acquired GE Capital Bank’s online retail deposit platform and assumed $16.52 billion of deposits, consisting of $8.76 billion in online deposit accounts and certificates of deposit, and $7.76 billion in brokered certificates of deposit. In the table above:

• Substantially all deposits are interest-bearing.

• Savings and demand deposits have no stated maturity.

• Time deposits include $13.78 billion and $14.68 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, of deposits accounted for at fair value under the fair value option. See Note 8 for further information about deposits accounted for at fair value.

• Time deposits have a weighted average maturity of approximately 2.5 years and 3 years as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively.

• Deposit sweep programs represent long-term contractual agreements with several U.S. broker-dealers who sweep client cash to FDIC-insured deposits.

• Deposits insured by the FDIC as of December 2016 and December 2015 were approximately $69.91 billion and $55.48 billion, respectively.

The table below presents deposits held in U.S. and non-U.S. offices. Substantially all U.S. deposits were held at GS Bank USA and substantially all non-U.S. deposits were held at Goldman Sachs International Bank (GSIB).

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
U.S. offices		$106,037	$81,920
Non-U.S. offices		18,061	15,599
Total		$124,098	$97,519

The table below presents maturities of time deposits held in U.S. and non-U.S. offices.

	As of December 2016
$ in millions		U.S.	Non-U.S.	Total
2017		$11,245	$8,262	$19,507
2018		6,004	542	6,546
2019		5,350	—	5,350
2020		4,054	—	4,054
2021		3,519	39	3,558
2022 - thereafter		7,671	215	7,886
Total		$37,843	$9,058	$46,901

As of December 2016, deposits in U.S. and non-U.S. offices include $2.05 billion and $8.53 billion, respectively, of time deposits that were greater than $250,000.

The firm’s savings and demand deposits are recorded based on the amount of cash received plus accrued interest, which approximates fair value. In addition, the firm designates certain derivatives as fair value hedges to convert a majority of its time deposits not accounted for at fair value from fixed-rate obligations into floating-rate obligations. Accordingly, the carrying value of time deposits approximated fair value as of December 2016 and December 2015. While these savings and demand deposits and time deposits are carried at amounts that approximate fair value, they are not accounted for at fair value under the fair value option or at fair value in accordance with other U.S. GAAP and therefore are not included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy in Notes 6 through 8. Had these deposits been included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy, they would have been classified in level 2 as of December 2016 and December 2015.

Note 15.

Short-Term Borrowings

The table below presents details about the firm’s short-term borrowings.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Other secured financings (short-term)		$13,118	$14,233
Unsecured short-term borrowings		39,265	42,787
Total		$52,383	$57,020

See Note 10 for information about other secured financings.

Unsecured short-term borrowings include the portion of unsecured long-term borrowings maturing within one year of the financial statement date and unsecured long-term borrowings that are redeemable within one year of the financial statement date at the option of the holder.

164 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The firm accounts for commercial paper and certain hybrid financial instruments at fair value under the fair value option. See Note 8 for further information about unsecured short-term borrowings that are accounted for at fair value. The carrying value of unsecured short-term borrowings that are not recorded at fair value generally approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of the obligations. While these unsecured short-term borrowings are carried at amounts that approximate fair value, they are not accounted for at fair value under the fair value option or at fair value in accordance with other U.S. GAAP and therefore are not included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy in Notes 6 through 8. Had these borrowings been included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy, substantially all would have been classified in level 2 as of December 2016 and December 2015.

The table below presents details about the firm’s unsecured short-term borrowings.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Current portion of unsecured long-term borrowings		$23,528	$25,373
Hybrid financial instruments		11,700	12,956
Commercial paper		—	208
Other short-term borrowings		4,037	4,250
Total		$39,265	$42,787
Weighted average interest rate		1.68%	1.52%

In the table above:

• The current portion of unsecured long-term borrowings includes $21.53 billion and $24.11 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, issued by Group Inc.

• The weighted average interest rates for these borrowings include the effect of hedging activities and exclude financial instruments accounted for at fair value under the fair value option. See Note 7 for further information about hedging activities.

Note 16.

Long-Term Borrowings

The table below presents details about the firm’s long-term borrowings.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Other secured financings (long-term)		$    8,405	$  10,520
Unsecured long-term borrowings		189,086	175,422
Total		$197,491	$185,942

See Note 10 for information about other secured financings.

The table below presents unsecured long-term borrowings extending through 2056 and consisting principally of senior borrowings.

$ in millions	U.S. Dollar	Non-U.S. Dollar	Total
As of December 2016
Fixed-rate obligations:
Group Inc.	$  93,885	$31,274	$125,159
Subsidiaries	2,228	885	3,113
Floating-rate obligations:
Group Inc.	27,864	19,112	46,976
Subsidiaries	8,884	4,954	13,838
Total	$132,861	$56,225	$189,086
As of December 2015
Fixed-rate obligations:
Group Inc.	$  90,076	$29,808	$119,884
Subsidiaries	2,114	895	3,009
Floating-rate obligations:
Group Inc.	27,881	16,916	44,797
Subsidiaries	5,662	2,070	7,732
Total	$125,733	$49,689	$175,422

In the table above:

• Floating interest rates are generally based on LIBOR or OIS. Equity-linked and indexed instruments are included in floating-rate obligations.

• Interest rates on U.S. dollar-denominated debt ranged from 1.60% to 10.04% (with a weighted average rate of 4.57%) and 1.60% to 10.04% (with a weighted average rate of 4.89%) as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively.

• Interest rates on non-U.S. dollar-denominated debt ranged from 0.02% to 13.00% (with a weighted average rate of 3.05%) and 0.40% to 13.00% (with a weighted average rate of 3.81%) as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively.

The table below presents unsecured long-term borrowings by maturity date.

	As of December 2016
$ in millions		Group Inc.	Subsidiaries	Total
2018		$  23,814	$  2,890	$  26,704
2019		23,012	2,582	25,594
2020		17,291	1,118	18,409
2021		20,005	740	20,745
2022 - thereafter		88,013	9,621	97,634
Total		$172,135	$16,951	$189,086

In the table above:

• Unsecured long-term borrowings maturing within one year of the financial statement date and unsecured long-term borrowings that are redeemable within one year of the financial statement date at the option of the holder are excluded as they are included as unsecured short-term borrowings.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 165

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

• Unsecured long-term borrowings that are repayable prior to maturity at the option of the firm are reflected at their contractual maturity dates.

• Unsecured long-term borrowings that are redeemable prior to maturity at the option of the holder are reflected at the earliest dates such options become exercisable.

• Unsecured long-term borrowings include $7.43 billion of adjustments to the carrying value of certain unsecured long-term borrowings resulting from the application of hedge accounting by year of maturity as follows: $386 million in 2018, $295 million in 2019, $355 million in 2020, $586 million in 2021, and $5.81 billion in 2022 and thereafter.

The firm designates certain derivatives as fair value hedges to convert a portion of its fixed-rate unsecured long-term borrowings not accounted for at fair value into floating-rate obligations. See Note 7 for further information about hedging activities. The table below presents unsecured long-term borrowings, after giving effect to such hedging activities.

$ in millions	Group Inc.	Subsidiaries	Total
As of December 2016
Fixed-rate obligations:
At fair value	$          —	$     150	$       150
At amortized cost	71,225	3,493	74,718
Floating-rate obligations:
At fair value	17,591	11,669	29,260
At amortized cost	83,319	1,639	84,958
Total	$172,135	$16,951	$189,086
As of December 2015
Fixed-rate obligations:
At fair value	$          —	$       21	$         21
At amortized cost	52,448	2,569	55,017
Floating-rate obligations:
At fair value	16,194	6,058	22,252
At amortized cost	96,039	2,093	98,132
Total	$164,681	$10,741	$175,422

In the table above, the weighted average interest rates on the aggregate amounts were 2.87% (3.90% related to fixed-rate obligations and 1.97% related to floating-rate obligations) and 2.73% (4.33% related to fixed-rate obligations and 1.84% related to floating-rate obligations) as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively. These rates exclude financial instruments accounted for at fair value under the fair value option.

As of December 2016 and December 2015, the carrying value of unsecured long-term borrowings for which the firm did not elect the fair value option approximated fair value. As these borrowings are not accounted for at fair value under the fair value option or at fair value in accordance with other U.S. GAAP, their fair value is not included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy in Notes 6 through 8. Had these borrowings been included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy, substantially all would have been classified in level 2 as of December 2016 and December 2015.

Subordinated Borrowings

Unsecured long-term borrowings include subordinated debt and junior subordinated debt. Junior subordinated debt is junior in right of payment to other subordinated borrowings, which are junior to senior borrowings. As of both December 2016 and December 2015, subordinated debt had maturities ranging from 2018 to 2045. Subordinated debt that matures within one year of the financial statement date is included in “Unsecured short-term borrowings.”

The table below presents subordinated borrowings.

$ in millions	Par Amount	Carrying Amount	Rate
As of December 2016
Subordinated debt	$15,058	$17,604	4.29%
Junior subordinated debt	1,360	1,809	5.70%
Total	$16,418	$19,413	4.41%
As of December 2015
Subordinated debt	$18,004	$20,784	3.79%
Junior subordinated debt	1,359	1,817	5.77%
Total	$19,363	$22,601	3.93%

In the table above:

• Par amount and carrying amount of subordinated debt issued by Group Inc. were $14.84 billion and $17.39 billion, respectively, as of December 2016 and $17.47 billion and $20.25 billion, respectively, as of December 2015.

• The rate is the weighted average interest rate for these borrowings, including the effect of fair value hedges used to convert these fixed-rate obligations into floating-rate obligations. See Note 7 for further information about hedging activities.

Junior Subordinated Debt

Junior Subordinated Debt Held by Trusts. In 2012, the Vesey Street Investment Trust I (Vesey Street Trust) and the Murray Street Investment Trust I (Murray Street Trust) issued an aggregate of $2.25 billion of senior guaranteed trust securities to third parties, the proceeds of which were used to purchase junior subordinated debt issued by Group Inc. from Goldman Sachs Capital II and Goldman Sachs Capital III (APEX Trusts). The APEX Trusts used the proceeds to purchase shares of Group Inc.’s Perpetual Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series E (Series E Preferred Stock) and Perpetual Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series F (Series F Preferred Stock). The senior guaranteed trust securities issued by the Vesey Street Trust and the related junior subordinated debt matured during the third quarter of 2016. As of December 2016, $1.45 billion of senior guaranteed trust securities issued by the Murray Street Trust and the related junior subordinated debt (that pays interest semi-annually at a fixed annual rate of 4.647%, and matures on March 9, 2017) were outstanding.

166 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The Murray Street Trust is required to redeem its senior guaranteed trust securities upon the maturity of the junior subordinated debt it holds.

The firm has the right to defer payments on the junior subordinated debt, subject to limitations. During any such deferral period, the firm will not be permitted to, among other things, pay dividends on or make certain repurchases of its common or preferred stock. However, as Group Inc. fully and unconditionally guarantees the payment of the distribution and redemption amounts when due on a senior basis on the senior guaranteed trust securities, the junior subordinated debt held by the Murray Street Trust is included in “Unsecured short-term borrowings,” and is not classified as subordinated borrowings.

The APEX Trusts and the Murray Street Trust are Delaware statutory trusts sponsored by the firm and wholly-owned finance subsidiaries of the firm for regulatory and legal purposes but are not consolidated for accounting purposes.

The firm has covenanted in favor of the holders of Group Inc.’s 6.345% junior subordinated debt due February 15, 2034, that, subject to certain exceptions, the firm will not redeem or purchase the capital securities issued by the APEX Trusts, shares of Group Inc.’s Series E or Series F Preferred Stock or shares of Group Inc.’s Series O Perpetual Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock if the redemption or purchase results in less than $253 million aggregate liquidation preference outstanding, prior to specified dates in 2022 for a price that exceeds a maximum amount determined by reference to the net cash proceeds that the firm has received from the sale of qualifying securities. During 2016, the firm exchanged a par amount of $1.32 billion of APEX issued by the APEX Trusts for a corresponding redemption value of the Series E and Series F Preferred Stock, which was permitted under the covenants referenced above.

Junior Subordinated Debt Issued in Connection with Trust Preferred Securities. Group Inc. issued $2.84 billion of junior subordinated debt in 2004 to Goldman Sachs Capital I (Trust), a Delaware statutory trust. The Trust issued $2.75 billion of guaranteed preferred beneficial interests (Trust Preferred Securities) to third parties and $85 million of common beneficial interests to Group Inc. and used the proceeds from the issuances to purchase the junior subordinated debt from Group Inc. During 2014 and the first quarter of 2015, the firm purchased $1.43 billion (par amount) of Trust Preferred Securities and delivered these securities, along with $44.2 million of common beneficial interests, to the Trust in exchange for a corresponding par amount of the junior subordinated debt. Following the exchanges, these Trust Preferred Securities, common beneficial interests and junior subordinated debt were extinguished. Subsequent to these extinguishments, the outstanding par amount of junior subordinated debt held by the Trust was $1.36 billion and the outstanding par amount of Trust Preferred Securities and common beneficial interests issued by the Trust was $1.32 billion and $40.8 million, respectively. The Trust is a wholly-owned finance subsidiary of the firm for regulatory and legal purposes but is not consolidated for accounting purposes.

The firm pays interest semi-annually on the junior subordinated debt at an annual rate of 6.345% and the debt matures on February 15, 2034. The coupon rate and the payment dates applicable to the beneficial interests are the same as the interest rate and payment dates for the junior subordinated debt. The firm has the right, from time to time, to defer payment of interest on the junior subordinated debt, and therefore cause payment on the Trust’s preferred beneficial interests to be deferred, in each case up to ten consecutive semi-annual periods. During any such deferral period, the firm will not be permitted to, among other things, pay dividends on or make certain repurchases of its common stock. The Trust is not permitted to pay any distributions on the common beneficial interests held by Group Inc. unless all dividends payable on the preferred beneficial interests have been paid in full.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 167

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 17.

Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses

The table below presents other liabilities and accrued expenses by type.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Compensation and benefits		$    7,181	$    8,149
Noncontrolling interests		506	459
Income tax-related liabilities		1,794	1,280
Employee interests in consolidated funds		77	149
Subordinated liabilities of consolidated VIEs		584	501
Accrued expenses and other		4,220	8,355
Total		$  14,362	$  18,893

In the table above, the decrease in accrued expenses and other from December 2015 to December 2016 reflects payments related to the settlement agreement with the Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities Working Group of the U.S. Financial Fraud Enforcement Task Force (RMBS Working Group), as well as the sale of liabilities previously classified as held for sale related to certain of the firm’s consolidated investments.

Note 18.

Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees

Commitments

The table below presents the firm’s commitments by type.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Commitments to extend credit
Commercial lending:
Investment-grade		$  73,664	$  72,428
Non-investment-grade		34,878	41,277
Warehouse financing		3,514	3,453
Total commitments to extend credit		112,056	117,158
Contingent and forward starting resale and securities borrowing agreements		25,348	28,874
Forward starting repurchase and secured lending agreements		8,939	5,878
Letters of credit		373	249
Investment commitments		8,444	6,054
Other		6,014	6,944
Total commitments		$161,174	$165,157

The table below presents the firm’s commitments by period of expiration.

	As of December 2016
$ in millions		2017	2018 - 2019	2020 - 2021	2022 - Thereafter
Commitments to extend credit
Commercial lending:
Investment-grade		$19,408	$14,091	$39,665	$   500
Non-investment-grade		2,562	9,458	18,484	4,374
Warehouse financing		388	1,356	263	1,507
Total commitments to extend credit		22,358	24,905	58,412	6,381
Contingent and forward starting resale and securities borrowing agreements		25,348	—	—	—
Forward starting repurchase and secured lending agreements		8,939	—	—	—
Letters of credit		308	21	—	44
Investment commitments		6,713	415	108	1,208
Other		5,756	200	15	43
Total commitments		$69,422	$25,541	$58,535	$7,676

Commitments to Extend Credit

The firm’s commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend with fixed termination dates and depend on the satisfaction of all contractual conditions to borrowing. These commitments are presented net of amounts syndicated to third parties. The total commitment amount does not necessarily reflect actual future cash flows because the firm may syndicate all or substantial additional portions of these commitments. In addition, commitments can expire unused or be reduced or cancelled at the counterparty’s request.

As of December 2016 and December 2015, $98.05 billion and $93.92 billion, respectively, of the firm’s lending commitments were held for investment and were accounted for on an accrual basis. See Note 9 for further information about such commitments. In addition, as of December 2016 and December 2015, $6.87 billion and $9.92 billion, respectively, of the firm’s lending commitments were held for sale and were accounted for at the lower of cost or fair value.

The firm accounts for the remaining commitments to extend credit at fair value. Losses, if any, are generally recorded, net of any fees in “Other principal transactions.”

168 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Commercial Lending. The firm’s commercial lending commitments are extended to investment-grade and non-investment-grade corporate borrowers. Commitments to investment-grade corporate borrowers are principally used for operating liquidity and general corporate purposes. The firm also extends lending commitments in connection with contingent acquisition financing and other types of corporate lending as well as commercial real estate financing. Commitments that are extended for contingent acquisition financing are often intended to be short-term in nature, as borrowers often seek to replace them with other funding sources.

Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group, Inc. (SMFG) provides the firm with credit loss protection on certain approved loan commitments (primarily investment-grade commercial lending commitments). The notional amount of such loan commitments was $26.88 billion and $27.03 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively. The credit loss protection on loan commitments provided by SMFG is generally limited to 95% of the first loss the firm realizes on such commitments, up to a maximum of approximately $950 million. In addition, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, upon the firm’s request, SMFG will provide protection for 70% of additional losses on such commitments, up to a maximum of $1.13 billion, of which $768 million of protection had been provided as of both December 2016 and December 2015. The firm also uses other financial instruments to mitigate credit risks related to certain commitments not covered by SMFG. These instruments primarily include credit default swaps that reference the same or similar underlying instrument or entity, or credit default swaps that reference a market index.

Warehouse Financing. The firm provides financing to clients who warehouse financial assets. These arrangements are secured by the warehoused assets, primarily consisting of consumer and corporate loans.

Contingent and Forward Starting Resale and Securities Borrowing Agreements/Forward Starting Repurchase and Secured Lending Agreements

The firm enters into resale and securities borrowing agreements and repurchase and secured lending agreements that settle at a future date, generally within three business days. The firm also enters into commitments to provide contingent financing to its clients and counterparties through resale agreements. The firm’s funding of these commitments depends on the satisfaction of all contractual conditions to the resale agreement and these commitments can expire unused.

Letters of Credit

The firm has commitments under letters of credit issued by various banks which the firm provides to counterparties in lieu of securities or cash to satisfy various collateral and margin deposit requirements.

Investment Commitments

The firm’s investment commitments include commitments to invest in private equity, real estate and other assets directly and through funds that the firm raises and manages. Investment commitments include $2.10 billion and $2.86 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, related to commitments to invest in funds managed by the firm. If these commitments are called, they would be funded at market value on the date of investment.

Leases

The firm has contractual obligations under long-term noncancelable lease agreements for office space expiring on various dates through 2069. Certain agreements are subject to periodic escalation provisions for increases in real estate taxes and other charges.

The table below presents future minimum rental payments, net of minimum sublease rentals.

$ in millions	As of December 2016
2017	$   290
2018	282
2019	238
2020	206
2021	159
2022 - thereafter	766
Total	$1,941

Rent charged to operating expense was $244 million for 2016, $249 million for 2015 and $309 million for 2014.

Operating leases include office space held in excess of current requirements. Rent expense relating to space held for growth is included in “Occupancy.” The firm records a liability, based on the fair value of the remaining lease rentals reduced by any potential or existing sublease rentals, for leases where the firm has ceased using the space and management has concluded that the firm will not derive any future economic benefits. Costs to terminate a lease before the end of its term are recognized and measured at fair value on termination. During 2016, the firm incurred exit costs of approximately $68 million related to excess office space.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 169

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Contingencies

Legal Proceedings. See Note 27 for information about legal proceedings, including certain mortgage-related matters, and agreements the firm has entered into to toll the statute of limitations.

Certain Mortgage-Related Contingencies. There are multiple areas of focus by regulators, governmental agencies and others within the mortgage market that may impact originators, issuers, servicers and investors. There remains significant uncertainty surrounding the nature and extent of any potential exposure for participants in this market.

The firm has not been a significant originator of residential mortgage loans. The firm did purchase loans originated by others and generally received loan-level representations. During the period 2005 through 2008, the firm sold approximately $10 billion of loans to government-sponsored enterprises and approximately $11 billion of loans to other third parties. In addition, the firm transferred $125 billion of loans to trusts and other mortgage securitization vehicles. In connection with both sales of loans and securitizations, the firm provided loan-level representations and/or assigned the loan-level representations from the party from whom the firm purchased the loans.

The firm’s exposure to claims for repurchase of residential mortgage loans based on alleged breaches of representations will depend on a number of factors such as the extent to which these claims are made within the statute of limitations, taking into consideration the agreements to toll the statute of limitations the firm has entered into with trustees representing certain trusts. Based upon the large number of defaults in residential mortgages, including those sold or securitized by the firm, there is a potential for repurchase claims. However, the firm is not in a position to make a meaningful estimate of that exposure at this time.

Other Contingencies. In connection with the sale of Metro, the firm agreed to provide indemnities to the buyer, which primarily relate to fundamental representations and warranties, and potential liabilities for legal or regulatory proceedings arising out of the conduct of Metro’s business while the firm owned it.

In connection with the settlement agreement with the RMBS Working Group, the firm agreed to provide $1.80 billion in consumer relief in the form of principal forgiveness for underwater homeowners and distressed borrowers; financing for construction, rehabilitation and preservation of affordable housing; and support for debt restructuring, foreclosure prevention and housing quality improvement programs, as well as land banks.

Guarantees

The table below presents information about certain derivatives that meet the definition of a guarantee, securities lending indemnifications and certain other guarantees.

$ in millions	Derivatives	Securities lending indemnifications	Other financial guarantees
As of December 2016
Carrying Value of Net Liability	$    8,873	$       —	$     50
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount by Period of Expiration
2017	$432,328	$33,403	$1,064
2018 - 2019	261,676	—	763
2020 - 2021	71,264	—	1,662
2022 - thereafter	51,506	—	173
Total	$816,774	$33,403	$3,662
As of December 2015
Carrying Value of Net Liability	$    8,351	$       —	$     76
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount by Period of Expiration
2016	$640,288	$31,902	$   611
2017 - 2018	168,784	—	1,402
2019 - 2020	67,643	—	1,772
2021 - thereafter	49,728	—	676
Total	$926,443	$31,902	$4,461

In the table above:

• The maximum payout is based on the notional amount of the contract and does not represent anticipated losses.

• Amounts exclude certain commitments to issue standby letters of credit that are included in “Commitments to extend credit.” See the tables in “Commitments” above for a summary of the firm’s commitments.

170 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Derivative Guarantees. The firm enters into various derivatives that meet the definition of a guarantee under U.S. GAAP, including written equity and commodity put options, written currency contracts and interest rate caps, floors and swaptions. These derivatives are risk managed together with derivatives that do not meet the definition of a guarantee, and therefore the amounts in the table above do not reflect the firm’s overall risk related to its derivative activities. Disclosures about derivatives are not required if they may be cash settled and the firm has no basis to conclude it is probable that the counterparties held the underlying instruments at inception of the contract. The firm has concluded that these conditions have been met for certain large, internationally active commercial and investment bank counterparties, central clearing counterparties and certain other counterparties. Accordingly, the firm has not included such contracts in the table above. In addition, see Note 7 for information about credit derivatives that meet the definition of a guarantee, which are not included in the table above.

Derivatives are accounted for at fair value and therefore the carrying value is considered the best indication of payment/performance risk for individual contracts. However, the carrying values in the table above exclude the effect of counterparty and cash collateral netting.

Securities Lending Indemnifications. The firm, in its capacity as an agency lender, indemnifies most of its securities lending customers against losses incurred in the event that borrowers do not return securities and the collateral held is insufficient to cover the market value of the securities borrowed. Collateral held by the lenders in connection with securities lending indemnifications was $34.33 billion and $32.85 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively. Because the contractual nature of these arrangements requires the firm to obtain collateral with a market value that exceeds the value of the securities lent to the borrower, there is minimal performance risk associated with these guarantees.

Other Financial Guarantees. In the ordinary course of business, the firm provides other financial guarantees of the obligations of third parties (e.g., standby letters of credit and other guarantees to enable clients to complete transactions and fund-related guarantees). These guarantees represent obligations to make payments to beneficiaries if the guaranteed party fails to fulfill its obligation under a contractual arrangement with that beneficiary.

Guarantees of Securities Issued by Trusts. The firm has established trusts, including Goldman Sachs Capital I, the APEX Trusts, the Murray Street Trust, and other entities for the limited purpose of issuing securities to third parties, lending the proceeds to the firm and entering into contractual arrangements with the firm and third parties related to this purpose. The firm does not consolidate these entities. See Note 16 for further information about the transactions involving Goldman Sachs Capital I, the APEX Trusts, and the Murray Street Trust.

The firm effectively provides for the full and unconditional guarantee of the securities issued by these entities. Timely payment by the firm of amounts due to these entities under the guarantee, borrowing, preferred stock and related contractual arrangements will be sufficient to cover payments due on the securities issued by these entities.

Management believes that it is unlikely that any circumstances will occur, such as nonperformance on the part of paying agents or other service providers, that would make it necessary for the firm to make payments related to these entities other than those required under the terms of the guarantee, borrowing, preferred stock and related contractual arrangements and in connection with certain expenses incurred by these entities.

Indemnities and Guarantees of Service Providers. In the ordinary course of business, the firm indemnifies and guarantees certain service providers, such as clearing and custody agents, trustees and administrators, against specified potential losses in connection with their acting as an agent of, or providing services to, the firm or its affiliates.

The firm may also be liable to some clients or other parties for losses arising from its custodial role or caused by acts or omissions of third-party service providers, including sub-custodians and third-party brokers. In certain cases, the firm has the right to seek indemnification from these third-party service providers for certain relevant losses incurred by the firm. In addition, the firm is a member of payment, clearing and settlement networks as well as securities exchanges around the world that may require the firm to meet the obligations of such networks and exchanges in the event of member defaults and other loss scenarios.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 171

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

In connection with the firm’s prime brokerage and clearing businesses, the firm agrees to clear and settle on behalf of its clients the transactions entered into by them with other brokerage firms. The firm’s obligations in respect of such transactions are secured by the assets in the client’s account as well as any proceeds received from the transactions cleared and settled by the firm on behalf of the client. In connection with joint venture investments, the firm may issue loan guarantees under which it may be liable in the event of fraud, misappropriation, environmental liabilities and certain other matters involving the borrower.

The firm is unable to develop an estimate of the maximum payout under these guarantees and indemnifications. However, management believes that it is unlikely the firm will have to make any material payments under these arrangements, and no material liabilities related to these guarantees and indemnifications have been recognized in the consolidated statements of financial condition as of December 2016 and December 2015.

Other Representations, Warranties and Indemnifications. The firm provides representations and warranties to counterparties in connection with a variety of commercial transactions and occasionally indemnifies them against potential losses caused by the breach of those representations and warranties. The firm may also provide indemnifications protecting against changes in or adverse application of certain U.S. tax laws in connection with ordinary-course transactions such as securities issuances, borrowings or derivatives.

In addition, the firm may provide indemnifications to some counterparties to protect them in the event additional taxes are owed or payments are withheld, due either to a change in or an adverse application of certain non-U.S. tax laws.

These indemnifications generally are standard contractual terms and are entered into in the ordinary course of business. Generally, there are no stated or notional amounts included in these indemnifications, and the contingencies triggering the obligation to indemnify are not expected to occur. The firm is unable to develop an estimate of the maximum payout under these guarantees and indemnifications. However, management believes that it is unlikely the firm will have to make any material payments under these arrangements, and no material liabilities related to these arrangements have been recognized in the consolidated statements of financial condition as of December 2016 and December 2015.

Guarantees of Subsidiaries. Group Inc. fully and unconditionally guarantees the securities issued by GS Finance Corp., a wholly-owned finance subsidiary of the firm.

Group Inc. has guaranteed the payment obligations of Goldman, Sachs & Co. (GS&Co.) and GS Bank USA, subject to certain exceptions.

In addition, Group Inc. guarantees many of the obligations of its other consolidated subsidiaries on a transaction-by-transaction basis, as negotiated with counterparties. Group Inc. is unable to develop an estimate of the maximum payout under its subsidiary guarantees; however, because these guaranteed obligations are also obligations of consolidated subsidiaries, Group Inc.’s liabilities as guarantor are not separately disclosed.

Note 19.

Shareholders’ Equity

Common Equity

Dividends declared per common share were $2.60 in 2016, $2.55 in 2015 and $2.25 in 2014. On January 17, 2017, Group Inc. declared a dividend of $0.65 per common share to be paid on March 30, 2017 to common shareholders of record on March 2, 2017.

The firm’s share repurchase program is intended to help maintain the appropriate level of common equity. The share repurchase program is effected primarily through regular open-market purchases (which may include repurchase plans designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1), the amounts and timing of which are determined primarily by the firm’s current and projected capital position, but which may also be influenced by general market conditions and the prevailing price and trading volumes of the firm’s common stock. Prior to repurchasing common stock, the firm must receive confirmation that the Federal Reserve Board does not object to such capital actions.

The table below presents the amount of common stock repurchased by the firm under the share repurchase program.

	Year Ended December
in millions, except per share amounts		2016	2015	2014
Common share repurchases		36.6	22.1	31.8
Average cost per share		$165.88	$189.41	$171.79
Total cost of common share repurchases		$  6,069	$  4,195	$  5,469

172 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Pursuant to the terms of certain share-based compensation plans, employees may remit shares to the firm or the firm may cancel RSUs or stock options to satisfy minimum statutory employee tax withholding requirements and the exercise price of stock options. Under these plans, during 2016, 2015 and 2014, 49,374 shares, 35,217 shares and 174,489 shares were remitted with a total value of $7 million, $6 million and $31 million, and the firm cancelled 6.1 million, 5.7 million and 5.8 million of RSUs with a total value of $921 million, $1.03 billion and $974 million. Under these plans, the firm also cancelled 5.5 million, 2.0 million and 15.6 million of stock options with a total value of $1.11 billion, $406 million and $2.65 billion during 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Preferred Equity

The tables below present details about the perpetual preferred stock issued and outstanding as of December 2016.

Series	Shares Authorized	Shares Issued	Shares Outstanding	Depositary Shares Per Share
A	50,000	30,000	29,999	1,000
B	50,000	32,000	32,000	1,000
C	25,000	8,000	8,000	1,000
D	60,000	54,000	53,999	1,000
E	17,500	7,667	7,667	N/A
F	5,000	1,615	1,615	N/A
I	34,500	34,000	34,000	1,000
J	46,000	40,000	40,000	1,000
K	32,200	28,000	28,000	1,000
L	52,000	52,000	52,000	25
M	80,000	80,000	80,000	25
N	31,050	27,000	27,000	1,000
O	26,000	26,000	26,000	25
Total	509,250	420,282	420,280

Series	Earliest Redemption Date	Liquidation Preference	Redemption Value ($ in millions)
A	Currently redeemable	$  25,000	$     750
B	Currently redeemable	25,000	800
C	Currently redeemable	25,000	200
D	Currently redeemable	25,000	1,350
E	Currently redeemable	100,000	767
F	Currently redeemable	100,000	161
I	November 10, 2017	25,000	850
J	May 10, 2023	25,000	1,000
K	May 10, 2024	25,000	700
L	May 10, 2019	25,000	1,300
M	May 10, 2020	25,000	2,000
N	May 10, 2021	25,000	675
O	November 10, 2026	25,000	650
Total			$11,203

In the tables above:

• All shares have a par value of $0.01 per share and, where applicable, each share is represented by the specified number of depositary shares.

• The earliest redemption date represents the date on which each share of non-cumulative Preferred Stock is redeemable at the firm’s option.

• The redemption price per share for Series A through F Preferred Stock is the liquidation preference plus declared and unpaid dividends. The redemption price per share for Series I through O Preferred Stock is the liquidation preference plus accrued and unpaid dividends. Each share of non-cumulative Series E and Series F Preferred Stock issued and outstanding is redeemable at the firm’s option, subject to certain covenant restrictions governing the firm’s ability to redeem the preferred stock without issuing common stock or other instruments with equity-like characteristics. See Note 16 for information about the replacement capital covenants applicable to the Series E and Series F Preferred Stock.

• In February 2016, Group Inc. issued 27,000 shares of Series N perpetual 6.30% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock (Series N Preferred Stock).

• In July 2016, Group Inc. issued 26,000 shares of Series O perpetual 5.30% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock (Series O Preferred Stock).

• Prior to redeeming preferred stock, the firm must receive confirmation that the Federal Reserve Board does not object to such capital actions.

• All series of preferred stock are pari passu and have a preference over the firm’s common stock on liquidation.

• Dividends on each series of preferred stock, excluding Series L, Series M and Series O Preferred Stock, if declared, are payable quarterly in arrears. Dividends on Series L, Series M and Series O Preferred Stock, if declared, are payable semi-annually in arrears from the issuance date to, but excluding, May 10, 2019, May 10, 2020 and November 10, 2026, respectively, and quarterly thereafter.

• The firm’s ability to declare or pay dividends on, or purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire, its common stock is subject to certain restrictions in the event that the firm fails to pay or set aside full dividends on the preferred stock for the latest completed dividend period.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 173

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

During 2016, the firm delivered a par amount of $1.32 billion (fair value of $1.04 billion) of APEX to the APEX Trusts in exchange for 9,833 shares of Series E Preferred Stock and 3,385 shares of Series F Preferred Stock for a total redemption value of $1.32 billion (net carrying value of $1.31 billion). Following the exchange, shares of Series E and Series F Preferred Stock were cancelled. The difference between the fair value of the APEX and the net carrying value of the preferred stock at the time of cancellation was $266 million for 2016, and was recorded in “Preferred stock dividends,” along with preferred dividends declared on the firm’s preferred stock. See Note 16 for further information about APEX.

The table below presents the dividend rates of the firm’s perpetual preferred stock as of December 2016.

Series	Dividend Rate
A	3 month LIBOR + 0.75%, with floor of 3.75% per annum
B	6.20% per annum
C	3 month LIBOR + 0.75%, with floor of 4.00% per annum
D	3 month LIBOR + 0.67%, with floor of 4.00% per annum
E	3 month LIBOR + 0.77%, with floor of 4.00% per annum
F	3 month LIBOR + 0.77%, with floor of 4.00% per annum
I	5.95% per annum
J	5.50% per annum to, but excluding, May 10, 2023; 3 month LIBOR + 3.64% per annum thereafter
K	6.375% per annum to, but excluding, May 10, 2024; 3 month LIBOR + 3.55% per annum thereafter
L	5.70% per annum to, but excluding, May 10, 2019; 3 month LIBOR + 3.884% per annum thereafter
M	5.375% per annum to, but excluding, May 10, 2020; 3 month LIBOR + 3.922% per annum thereafter
N	6.30% per annum
O	5.30% per annum to, but excluding, November 10, 2026; 3 month LIBOR + 3.834% per annum thereafter

The table below presents preferred dividends declared on the firm’s preferred stock.

	Year Ended December
	2016		2015		2014
Series	per share	$ in  millions	per share	$ in  millions	per share	$ in  millions
A	$   953.12	$  29	$   950.52	$  28	$   945.32	$  28
B	1,550.00	50	1,550.00	50	1,550.00	50
C	1,016.68	8	1,013.90	8	1,008.34	8
D	1,016.68	55	1,013.90	54	1,008.34	54
E	4,066.66	50	4,055.55	71	4,044.44	71
F	4,066.66	13	4,055.55	20	4,044.44	20
I	1,487.52	51	1,487.52	51	1,487.52	51
J	1,375.00	55	1,375.00	55	1,375.00	55
K	1,593.76	45	1,593.76	45	850.00	24
L	1,425.00	74	1,425.00	74	760.00	39
M	1,343.76	107	735.33	59	—	—
N	1,124.38	30	—	—	—	—
O	379.10	10	—	—	—	—
Total		$577		$515		$400

In the table above, the total preferred dividend amounts for Series E and Series F Preferred Stock for 2016 include prorated dividends of $866.67 per share related to 4,861 shares of Series E Preferred Stock and 1,639 shares of Series F Preferred Stock, which were cancelled during 2016.

On January 10, 2017, Group Inc. declared dividends of $239.58, $387.50, $255.56, $255.56, $371.88, $343.75, $398.44 and $393.75 per share of Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series I Preferred Stock, Series J Preferred Stock, Series K Preferred Stock and Series N Preferred Stock, respectively, to be paid on February 10, 2017 to preferred shareholders of record on January 26, 2017. In addition, the firm declared dividends of $1,000.00 per each share of Series E Preferred Stock and Series F Preferred Stock, to be paid on March 1, 2017 to preferred shareholders of record on February 14, 2017.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The table below presents accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, by type. In the table below, the beginning balance of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the current period has been adjusted to reflect the impact of reclassifying the cumulative debt valuation adjustment, net of tax, from retained earnings to accumulated other comprehensive loss. See Note 3 for further information about the adoption of ASU No. 2016-01. See Note 8 for further information about the debt valuation adjustment.

$ in millions	Beginning balance		Other comprehensive income/(loss) adjustments, net of tax		Ending balance
As of December 2016
Currency translation	$(587	)	$  (60	)	$   (647	)
Debt valuation adjustment	305		(544	)	(239	)
Pension and postretirement liabilities	(131	)	(199	)	(330	)
Total	$(413	)	$(803	)	$(1,216	)
As of December 2015
Currency translation	$(473	)	$(114	)	$   (587	)
Pension and postretirement liabilities	(270	)	139		(131	)
Total	$(743	)	$   25		$   (718	)

174 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 20.

Regulation and Capital Adequacy

The Federal Reserve Board is the primary regulator of Group Inc., a bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (BHC Act) and a financial holding company under amendments to the BHC Act. As a bank holding company, the firm is subject to consolidated regulatory capital requirements which are calculated in accordance with the revised risk-based capital and leverage regulations of the Federal Reserve Board, subject to certain transitional provisions (Revised Capital Framework).

The risk-based capital requirements are expressed as capital ratios that compare measures of regulatory capital to risk-weighted assets (RWAs). Failure to comply with these capital requirements could result in restrictions being imposed by the firm’s regulators. The firm’s capital levels are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components of capital, risk weightings and other factors. Furthermore, certain of the firm’s subsidiaries are subject to separate regulations and capital requirements as described below.

Capital Framework

The regulations under the Revised Capital Framework are largely based on the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s (Basel Committee) capital framework for strengthening international capital standards (Basel III) and also implement certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. Under the Revised Capital Framework, the firm is an “Advanced approach” banking organization.

The firm calculates its Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1), Tier 1 capital and Total capital ratios in accordance with (i) the Standardized approach and market risk rules set out in the Revised Capital Framework (together, the Standardized Capital Rules) and (ii) the Advanced approach and market risk rules set out in the Revised Capital Framework (together, the Basel III Advanced Rules). The lower of each ratio calculated in (i) and (ii) is the ratio against which the firm’s compliance with its minimum ratio requirements is assessed. Each of the ratios calculated in accordance with the Basel III Advanced Rules was lower than that calculated in accordance with the Standardized Capital Rules and therefore the Basel III Advanced ratios were the ratios that applied to the firm as of December 2016 and December 2015. The capital ratios that apply to the firm can change in future reporting periods as a result of these regulatory requirements.

Regulatory Capital and Capital Ratios. The table below presents the minimum ratios required for the firm.

	As of December
		2016	2015
CET1 ratio		5.875%	4.5%
Tier 1 capital ratio		7.375%	6.0%
Total capital ratio		9.375%	8.0%
Tier 1 leverage ratio		4.000%	4.0%

In the table above:

• The minimum ratios as of December 2016 reflect (i) the 25% phase-in of the capital conservation buffer (0.625%), (ii) the 25% phase-in of the Global Systemically Important Bank (G-SIB) buffer (0.75%), and (iii) the counter-cyclical capital buffer of zero percent, each described below.

• In order to meet the quantitative requirements for being “well-capitalized” under the Federal Reserve Board’s regulations, the firm must meet a higher required minimum Total capital ratio of 10.0%.

• Tier 1 leverage ratio is defined as Tier 1 capital divided by quarterly average adjusted total assets (which includes adjustments for goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, and certain investments in nonconsolidated financial institutions).

Certain aspects of the Revised Capital Framework’s requirements phase in over time (transitional provisions). These include capital buffers and certain deductions from regulatory capital (such as investments in nonconsolidated financial institutions). These deductions from regulatory capital are required to be phased in ratably per year from 2014 to 2018, with residual amounts not deducted during the transitional period subject to risk weighting. In addition, junior subordinated debt issued to trusts is being phased out of regulatory capital. The minimum CET1, Tier 1 and Total capital ratios that apply to the firm will increase as the capital buffers are phased in.

The capital conservation buffer, which consists entirely of capital that qualifies as CET1, began to phase in on January 1, 2016 and will continue to do so in increments of 0.625% per year until it reaches 2.5% of RWAs on January 1, 2019.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 175

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The G-SIB buffer, which is an extension of the capital conservation buffer, phases in ratably, beginning on January 1, 2016, becoming fully effective on January 1, 2019, and must consist entirely of capital that qualifies as CET1. The buffer must be calculated using two methodologies, the higher of which is reflected in the firm’s minimum risk-based capital ratios. The first calculation is based upon the Basel Committee’s methodology which, among other factors, relies upon measures of the size, activity and complexity of each G-SIB (Method One). The second calculation uses similar inputs, but it includes a measure of reliance on short-term wholesale funding (Method Two). The firm’s G-SIB buffer is 3.0%, using financial data primarily as of December 2014. The buffer will be updated annually based on financial data as of the end of the prior year, and will be applicable for the following year.

The Revised Capital Framework also provides for a counter-cyclical capital buffer, which is an extension of the capital conservation buffer, of up to 2.5% (consisting entirely of CET1) intended to counteract systemic vulnerabilities. As of December 2016 the Federal Reserve Board has set the counter-cyclical capital buffer at zero percent.

Failure to meet the capital levels inclusive of the buffers could result in limitations on the firm’s ability to distribute capital, including share repurchases and dividend payments, and to make certain discretionary compensation payments.

Definition of Risk-Weighted Assets. RWAs are calculated in accordance with both the Standardized Capital Rules and the Basel III Advanced Rules. The following is a comparison of RWA calculations under these rules:

• RWAs for credit risk in accordance with the Standardized Capital Rules are calculated in a different manner than the Basel III Advanced Rules. The primary difference is that the Standardized Capital Rules do not contemplate the use of internal models to compute exposure for credit risk on derivatives and securities financing transactions, whereas the Basel III Advanced Rules permit the use of such models, subject to supervisory approval. In addition, credit RWAs calculated in accordance with the Standardized Capital Rules utilize prescribed risk-weights which depend largely on the type of counterparty, rather than on internal assessments of the creditworthiness of such counterparties;

• RWAs for market risk in accordance with the Standardized Capital Rules and the Basel III Advanced Rules are generally consistent; and

• RWAs for operational risk are not required by the Standardized Capital Rules, whereas the Basel III Advanced Rules do include such a requirement.

Credit Risk

Credit RWAs are calculated based upon measures of exposure, which are then risk weighted. The following is a description of the calculation of credit RWAs in accordance with the Standardized Capital Rules and the Basel III Advanced Rules:

• For credit RWAs calculated in accordance with the Standardized Capital Rules, the firm utilizes prescribed risk-weights which depend largely on the type of counterparty (e.g., whether the counterparty is a sovereign, bank, broker-dealer or other entity). The exposure measure for derivatives is based on a combination of positive net current exposure and a percentage of the notional amount of each derivative. The exposure measure for securities financing transactions is calculated to reflect adjustments for potential price volatility, the size of which depends on factors such as the type and maturity of the security, and whether it is denominated in the same currency as the other side of the financing transaction. The firm utilizes specific required formulaic approaches to measure exposure for securitizations and equities; and

• For credit RWAs calculated in accordance with the Basel III Advanced Rules, the firm has been given permission by its regulators to compute risk-weights for wholesale and retail credit exposures in accordance with the Advanced Internal Ratings-Based approach. This approach is based on internal assessments of the creditworthiness of counterparties, with key inputs being the probability of default, loss given default and the effective maturity. The firm utilizes internal models to measure exposure for derivatives, securities financing transactions and eligible margin loans. The Revised Capital Framework requires that a bank holding company obtain prior written agreement from its regulators before using internal models for such purposes. The firm utilizes specific required formulaic approaches to measure exposure for securitizations and equities.

176 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Market Risk

Market RWAs are calculated based on measures of exposure which include Value-at-Risk (VaR), stressed VaR, incremental risk and comprehensive risk based on internal models, and a standardized measurement method for specific risk. The market risk regulatory capital rules require that a bank holding company obtain prior written agreement from its regulators before using any internal model to calculate its risk-based capital requirement. The following is further information regarding the measures of exposure for market RWAs calculated in accordance with the Standardized Capital Rules and Basel III Advanced Rules:

• VaR is the potential loss in value of inventory positions, as well as certain other financial assets and financial liabilities, due to adverse market movements over a defined time horizon with a specified confidence level. For both risk management purposes and regulatory capital calculations the firm uses a single VaR model which captures risks including those related to interest rates, equity prices, currency rates and commodity prices. However, VaR used for regulatory capital requirements (regulatory VaR) differs from risk management VaR due to different time horizons and confidence levels (10-day and 99% for regulatory VaR vs. one-day and 95% for risk management VaR), as well as differences in the scope of positions on which VaR is calculated. In addition, the daily trading net revenues used to determine risk management VaR exceptions (i.e., comparing the daily trading net revenues to the VaR measure calculated as of the end of the prior business day) include intraday activity, whereas the Federal Reserve Board’s regulatory capital rules require that intraday activity be excluded from daily trading net revenues when calculating regulatory VaR exceptions. Intraday activity includes bid/offer net revenues, which are more likely than not to be positive by their nature. As a result, there may be differences in the number of VaR exceptions and the amount of daily trading net revenues calculated for regulatory VaR compared to the amounts calculated for risk management VaR. The firm’s positional losses observed on a single day exceeded its 99% one-day regulatory VaR on two occasions during 2016 and did not exceed its 99% one-day regulatory VaR during 2015. There was no change in the VaR multiplier used to calculate Market RWAs;

• Stressed VaR is the potential loss in value of inventory positions, as well as certain other financial assets and financial liabilities, during a period of significant market stress;

• Incremental risk is the potential loss in value of non-securitized inventory positions due to the default or credit migration of issuers of financial instruments over a one-year time horizon;

• Comprehensive risk is the potential loss in value, due to price risk and defaults, within the firm’s credit correlation positions; and

• Specific risk is the risk of loss on a position that could result from factors other than broad market movements, including event risk, default risk and idiosyncratic risk. The standardized measurement method is used to determine specific risk RWAs, by applying supervisory defined risk-weighting factors after applicable netting is performed.

Operational Risk

Operational RWAs are only required to be included under the Basel III Advanced Rules. The firm has been given permission by its regulators to calculate operational RWAs in accordance with the “Advanced Measurement Approach,” and therefore utilizes an internal risk-based model to quantify Operational RWAs.

Consolidated Regulatory Capital Ratios

Capital Ratios and RWAs. Each of the ratios calculated in accordance with the Basel III Advanced Rules was lower than that calculated in accordance with the Standardized Rules as of December 2016 and December 2015, and therefore such lower ratios applied to the firm as of these dates.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 177

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The table below presents the ratios calculated in accordance with both the Standardized and Basel III Advanced Rules.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Common shareholders’ equity		$  75,690		$  75,528
Deductions for goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, net of deferred tax liabilities		(2,874	)	(2,814	)
Deductions for investments in nonconsolidated financial institutions		(424	)	(864	)
Other adjustments		(346	)	(487	)
Common Equity Tier 1		72,046		71,363
Preferred stock		11,203		11,200
Junior subordinated debt issued to trusts		—		330
Deduction for investments in covered funds		(445	)	(413	)
Other adjustments		(364	)	(969	)
Tier 1 capital		$  82,440		$  81,511
Standardized Tier 2 and Total capital
Tier 1 capital		$  82,440		$  81,511
Qualifying subordinated debt		14,566		15,132
Junior subordinated debt issued to trusts		792		990
Allowance for losses on loans and lending commitments		722		602
Other adjustments		(6	)	(19	)
Standardized Tier 2 capital		16,074		16,705
Standardized Total capital		$  98,514		$  98,216
Basel III Advanced Tier 2 and Total capital
Tier 1 capital		$  82,440		$  81,511
Standardized Tier 2 capital		16,074		16,705
Allowance for losses on loans and lending commitments		(722	)	(602	)
Basel III Advanced Tier 2 capital		15,352		16,103
Basel III Advanced Total capital		$  97,792		$  97,614
RWAs
Standardized		$496,676		$524,107
Basel III Advanced		549,650		577,651
CET1 ratio
Standardized		14.5%		13.6%
Basel III Advanced		13.1%		12.4%
Tier 1 capital ratio
Standardized		16.6%		15.6%
Basel III Advanced		15.0%		14.1%
Total capital ratio
Standardized		19.8%		18.7%
Basel III Advanced		17.8%		16.9%
Tier 1 leverage ratio		9.4%		9.3%

In the table above:

• The deductions for goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, net of deferred tax liabilities, include goodwill of $3.67 billion and $3.66 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, and identifiable intangible assets of $257 million (60% of $429 million) and $196 million (40% of $491 million) as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, net of associated deferred tax liabilities of $1.05 billion and $1.04 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively. Goodwill is fully deducted from CET1, while the deduction for identifiable intangible assets is required to be phased into CET1 ratably over five years from 2014 to 2018. The balance that is not deducted during the transitional period is risk weighted.

• The deductions for investments in nonconsolidated financial institutions represent the amount by which the firm’s investments in the capital of nonconsolidated financial institutions exceed certain prescribed thresholds. The deduction for such investments is required to be phased into CET1 ratably over five years from 2014 to 2018. As of December 2016 and December 2015, CET1 reflects 60% and 40% of the deduction, respectively. The balance that is not deducted during the transitional period is risk weighted.

• The deduction for investments in covered funds represents the firm’s aggregate investments in applicable covered funds, as permitted by the Volcker Rule, that were purchased after December 2013. Substantially all of these investments in covered funds were purchased in connection with the firm’s market-making activities. This deduction was not subject to a transition period. See Note 6 for further information about the Volcker Rule.

• Other adjustments within CET1 and Tier 1 capital primarily include accumulated other comprehensive loss, credit valuation adjustments on derivative liabilities, the overfunded portion of the firm’s defined benefit pension plan obligation net of associated deferred tax liabilities, disallowed deferred tax assets and other required credit risk-based deductions. The deductions for such items are generally required to be phased into CET1 ratably over five years from 2014 to 2018. As of December 2016 and December 2015, CET1 reflects 60% and 40% of such deductions, respectively. The balance that is not deducted from CET1 during the transitional period is generally deducted from Tier 1 capital within other adjustments.

178 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

• As of December 2016, junior subordinated debt issued to trusts is fully phased out of Tier 1 capital, with 60% included in Tier 2 capital and 40% fully phased out of regulatory capital. As of December 2015, junior subordinated debt issued to trusts is reflected in both Tier 1 capital (25%) and Tier 2 capital (75%). Junior subordinated debt issued to trusts is reduced by the amount of trust preferred securities purchased by the firm and will be fully phased out of Tier 2 capital by 2022 at a rate of 10% per year. See Note 16 for additional information about the firm’s junior subordinated debt issued to trusts and trust preferred securities purchased by the firm.

• Qualifying subordinated debt is subordinated debt issued by Group Inc. with an original maturity of five years or greater. The outstanding amount of subordinated debt qualifying for Tier 2 capital is reduced upon reaching a remaining maturity of five years. See Note 16 for additional information about the firm’s subordinated debt.

The tables below present changes in CET1, Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital for the year ended December 2016 and year ended December 2015.

	Year Ended December 2016
$ in millions		Standardized		Basel III Advanced
Common Equity Tier 1
Beginning balance		$71,363		$71,363
Change in common shareholders’ equity		162		162
Change in deductions for:
Transitional provisions		(839	)	(839	)
Goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, net of deferred tax liabilities		16		16
Investments in nonconsolidated financial institutions		895		895
Change in other adjustments		449		449
Ending balance		$72,046		$72,046
Tier 1 capital
Beginning balance		$81,511		$81,511
Change in deductions for:
Transitional provisions		(558	)	(558	)
Investments in covered funds		(32	)	(32	)
Other net increase in CET1		1,522		1,522
Redesignation of junior subordinated debt issued to trusts		(330	)	(330	)
Change in preferred stock		3		3
Change in other adjustments		324		324
Ending balance		82,440		82,440
Tier 2 capital
Beginning balance		16,705		16,103
Change in qualifying subordinated debt		(566	)	(566	)
Redesignation of junior subordinated debt issued to trusts		(198	)	(198	)
Change in the allowance for losses on loans and lending commitments		120		—
Change in other adjustments		13		13
Ending balance		16,074		15,352
Total capital		$98,514		$97,792

	Year Ended December 2015
$ in millions		Standardized		Basel III Advanced
Common Equity Tier 1
Beginning balance		$69,830		$69,830
Change in common shareholders’ equity		1,931		1,931
Change in deductions for:
Transitional provisions		(1,368	)	(1,368	)
Goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, net of deferred tax liabilities		75		75
Investments in nonconsolidated financial institutions		1,059		1,059
Change in other adjustments		(164	)	(164	)
Ending balance		$71,363		$71,363
Tier 1 capital
Beginning balance		$78,433		$78,433
Change in deductions for:
Transitional provisions		(1,073	)	(1,073	)
Investments in covered funds		(413	)	(413	)
Other net increase in CET1		2,901		2,901
Redesignation of junior subordinated debt issued to trusts		(330	)	(330	)
Change in preferred stock		2,000		2,000
Change in other adjustments		(7	)	(7	)
Ending balance		81,511		81,511
Tier 2 capital
Beginning balance		12,861		12,545
Increased deductions for transitional provisions		(53	)	(53	)
Change in qualifying subordinated debt		3,238		3,238
Redesignation of junior subordinated debt issued to trusts		330		330
Change in the allowance for losses on loans and lending commitments		286		—
Change in other adjustments		43		43
Ending balance		16,705		16,103
Total capital		$98,216		$97,614

The change in deductions for transitional provisions in the tables above represent the increased phase-in of deductions from 40% to 60% (effective January 1, 2016) for the year ended December 2016 and from 20% to 40% (effective January 1, 2015) for the year ended December 2015.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 179

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The tables below present the components of RWAs calculated in accordance with the Standardized and Basel III Advanced Rules.

	Standardized Capital Rules as of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Credit RWAs
Derivatives		$124,286	$136,841
Commitments, guarantees and loans		115,744	111,391
Securities financing transactions		71,319	71,392
Equity investments		41,428	37,687
Other		58,636	62,807
Total Credit RWAs		411,413	420,118
Market RWAs
Regulatory VaR		9,750	12,000
Stressed VaR		22,475	21,738
Incremental risk		7,875	9,513
Comprehensive risk		5,338	5,725
Specific risk		39,825	55,013
Total Market RWAs		85,263	103,989
Total RWAs		$496,676	$524,107

	Basel III Advanced Rules as of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Credit RWAs
Derivatives		$105,096	$113,671
Commitments, guarantees and loans		122,792	114,523
Securities financing transactions		14,673	14,901
Equity investments		44,095	40,110
Other		63,431	60,877
Total Credit RWAs		350,087	344,082
Market RWAs
Regulatory VaR		9,750	12,000
Stressed VaR		22,475	21,738
Incremental risk		7,875	9,513
Comprehensive risk		4,550	4,717
Specific risk		39,825	55,013
Total Market RWAs		84,475	102,981
Total Operational RWAs		115,088	130,588
Total RWAs		$549,650	$577,651

In the tables above:

• Securities financing transactions represent resale and repurchase agreements and securities borrowed and loaned transactions.

• Other primarily includes receivables, other assets, and cash and cash equivalents.

The table below presents changes in RWAs calculated in accordance with the Standardized and Basel III Advanced Rules for the year ended December 2016. The increased deductions for transitional provisions represent the increased phase-in of deductions from 40% to 60%, effective January 1, 2016.

	Year Ended December 2016
$ in millions		Standardized		Basel III Advanced
Risk-Weighted Assets
Beginning balance		$524,107		$577,651
Credit RWAs
Change in deductions for transitional provisions		(531	)	(531	)
Change in:
Derivatives		(12,555	)	(8,575	)
Commitments, guarantees and loans		4,353		8,269
Securities financing transactions		(73	)	(228	)
Equity investments		4,196		4,440
Other		(4,095	)	2,630
Change in Credit RWAs		(8,705	)	6,005
Market RWAs
Change in:
Regulatory VaR		(2,250	)	(2,250	)
Stressed VaR		737		737
Incremental risk		(1,638	)	(1,638	)
Comprehensive risk		(387	)	(167	)
Specific risk		(15,188	)	(15,188	)
Change in Market RWAs		(18,726	)	(18,506	)
Operational RWAs
Change in operational risk		—		(15,500	)
Change in Operational RWAs		—		(15,500	)
Ending balance		$496,676		$549,650

Standardized Credit RWAs as of December 2016 decreased by $8.71 billion compared with December 2015, primarily reflecting a decrease in derivatives, principally due to reduced exposures, and a decrease in receivables included in other credit RWAs reflecting the impact of firm and client activity. This decrease was partially offset by increases in commitments, guarantees and loans principally due to increased lending activity and equity investments, principally due to increased exposures and the impact of market movements. Standardized Market RWAs as of December 2016 decreased by $18.73 billion compared with December 2015, primarily reflecting a decrease in specific risk as a result of reduced risk exposures.

Basel III Advanced Credit RWAs as of December 2016 increased by $6.01 billion compared with December 2015, primarily reflecting an increase in commitments, guarantees and loans principally due to increased lending activity, and an increase in equity investments, principally due to increased exposures and the impact of market movements. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in derivatives, principally due to lower counterparty credit risk and reduced exposure. Basel III Advanced Market RWAs as of December 2016 decreased by $18.51 billion compared with December 2015, primarily reflecting a decrease in specific risk as a result of reduced risk exposures. Basel III Advanced Operational RWAs as of December 2016 decreased by $15.50 billion compared with December 2015, reflecting a decrease in the frequency of certain events incorporated within the firm’s risk-based model.

180 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The table below presents changes in RWAs calculated in accordance with the Standardized and Basel III Advanced Rules for the year ended December 2015. The increased deductions for transitional provisions represent the increased phase-in of deductions from 20% to 40%, effective January 1, 2015.

	Year Ended December 2015
$ in millions		Standardized		Basel III Advanced
Risk-Weighted Assets
Beginning balance		$619,216		$570,313
Credit RWAs
Change in deductions for transitional provisions		(1,073	)	(1,073	)
Change in:
Derivatives		(43,930	)	(8,830	)
Commitments, guarantees and loans		21,608		19,314
Securities financing transactions		(20,724	)	(717	)
Equity investments		131		934
Other		(8,589	)	6,510
Change in Credit RWAs		(52,577	)	16,138
Market RWAs
Change in:
Regulatory VaR		1,762		1,762
Stressed VaR		(7,887	)	(7,887	)
Incremental risk		(7,437	)	(7,437	)
Comprehensive risk		(4,130	)	(3,433	)
Specific risk		(24,840	)	(24,905	)
Change in Market RWAs		(42,532	)	(41,900	)
Operational RWAs
Change in operational risk		—		33,100
Change in Operational RWAs		—		33,100
Ending balance		$524,107		$577,651

Standardized Credit RWAs as of December 2015 decreased by $52.58 billion compared with December 2014, reflecting decreases in derivatives and securities financing transactions, primarily due to lower exposures. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in lending activity. Standardized Market RWAs as of December 2015 decreased by $42.53 billion compared with December 2014, primarily due to decreased specific risk, as a result of reduced risk exposures.

Basel III Advanced Credit RWAs as of December 2015 increased by $16.14 billion compared with December 2014, primarily reflecting an increase in lending activity. This increase was partially offset by a decrease in RWAs related to derivatives, due to lower counterparty credit risk. Basel III Advanced Market RWAs as of December 2015 decreased by $41.90 billion compared with December 2014, primarily due to decreased specific risk, as a result of reduced risk exposures. Basel III Advanced Operational RWAs as of December 2015 increased by $33.10 billion compared with December 2014, substantially all of which is associated with mortgage-related legal matters and regulatory proceedings.

See “Definition of Risk-Weighted Assets” above for a description of the calculations of Credit RWAs, Market RWAs and Operational RWAs, including the differences in the calculation of Credit RWAs under each of the Standardized Capital Rules and the Basel III Advanced Rules.

Bank Subsidiaries

Regulatory Capital Ratios. GS Bank USA, an FDIC-insured, New York State-chartered bank and a member of the Federal Reserve System, is supervised and regulated by the Federal Reserve Board, the FDIC, the New York State Department of Financial Services (NYDFS) and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, and is subject to regulatory capital requirements that are calculated in substantially the same manner as those applicable to bank holding companies. For purposes of assessing the adequacy of its capital, GS Bank USA calculates its capital ratios in accordance with the risk-based capital and leverage requirements applicable to state member banks. Those requirements are based on the Revised Capital Framework described above. GS Bank USA is an Advanced approach banking organization under the Revised Capital Framework.

Under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action applicable to GS Bank USA, in order to meet the quantitative requirements for being a “well-capitalized” depository institution, GS Bank USA must meet higher minimum requirements than the minimum ratios in the table below. The table below presents the minimum ratios and the “well-capitalized” minimum ratios required for GS Bank USA.

	Minimum Ratio as of December		“Well-capitalized” Minimum Ratio
	2016	2015
CET1 ratio	5.125%	4.5%	6.5%
Tier 1 capital ratio	6.625%	6.0%	8.0%
Total capital ratio	8.625%	8.0%	10.0%
Tier 1 leverage ratio	4.000%	4.0%	5.0%

GS Bank USA was in compliance with its minimum capital requirements and the “well-capitalized” minimum ratios as of December 2016 and December 2015. In the table above, the minimum ratios as of December 2016 reflect the 25% phase-in of the capital conservation buffer (0.625%) and the counter-cyclical capital buffer described above (0%). GS Bank USA’s capital levels and prompt corrective action classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components of capital, risk weightings and other factors. Failure to comply with these capital requirements, including a breach of the buffers discussed above, could result in restrictions being imposed by GS Bank USA’s regulators.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 181

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Similar to the firm, GS Bank USA is required to calculate each of the CET1, Tier 1 capital and Total capital ratios in accordance with both the Standardized Capital Rules and Basel III Advanced Rules. The lower of each ratio calculated in accordance with the Standardized Capital Rules and Basel III Advanced Rules is the ratio against which GS Bank USA’s compliance with its minimum ratio requirements is assessed. Each of the ratios calculated in accordance with the Standardized Capital Rules was lower than that calculated in accordance with the Basel III Advanced Rules and therefore the Standardized Capital ratios were the ratios that applied to GS Bank USA as of December 2016 and December 2015. The capital ratios that apply to GS Bank USA can change in future reporting periods as a result of these regulatory requirements.

The table below presents the ratios for GS Bank USA calculated in accordance with both the Standardized and Basel III Advanced Rules.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Standardized
Common Equity Tier 1		$  24,485		$  23,017
Tier 1 capital		24,485		23,017
Tier 2 capital		2,382		2,311
Total capital		$  26,867		$  25,328
Basel III Advanced
Common Equity Tier 1		$  24,485		$  23,017
Tier 1 capital		24,485		23,017
Standardized Tier 2 capital		2,382		2,311
Allowance for losses on loans and lending commitments		(382	)	(311	)
Tier 2 capital		2,000		2,000
Total capital		$  26,485		$  25,017
RWAs
Standardized		$204,232		$202,197
Basel III Advanced		131,051		131,059
CET1 ratio
Standardized		12.0%		11.4%
Basel III Advanced		18.7%		17.6%
Tier 1 capital ratio
Standardized		12.0%		11.4%
Basel III Advanced		18.7%		17.6%
Total capital ratio
Standardized		13.2%		12.5%
Basel III Advanced		20.2%		19.1%
Tier 1 leverage ratio		14.4%		16.4%

The increase in GS Bank USA’s Standardized and Advanced capital ratios from December 2015 to December 2016 is primarily due to an increase in Common Equity Tier 1 capital, principally due to net earnings for 2016.

The firm’s principal non-U.S. bank subsidiary, GSIB, is a wholly-owned credit institution, regulated by the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) and the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and is subject to minimum capital requirements. As of December 2016 and December 2015, GSIB was in compliance with all regulatory capital requirements.

Broker-Dealer Subsidiaries

U.S. Regulated Broker-Dealer Subsidiaries. GS&Co. is the firm’s primary U.S. regulated broker-dealer subsidiary and is subject to regulatory capital requirements including those imposed by the SEC and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA). In addition, GS&Co. is a registered futures commission merchant and is subject to regulatory capital requirements imposed by the CFTC, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and the National Futures Association. Rule 15c3-1 of the SEC and Rule 1.17 of the CFTC specify uniform minimum net capital requirements, as defined, for their registrants, and also effectively require that a significant part of the registrants’ assets be kept in relatively liquid form. GS&Co. has elected to calculate its minimum capital requirements in accordance with the “Alternative Net Capital Requirement” as permitted by Rule 15c3-1.

As of December 2016 and December 2015, GS&Co. had regulatory net capital, as defined by Rule 15c3-1, of $17.17 billion and $14.75 billion, respectively, which exceeded the amount required by $14.66 billion and $12.37 billion, respectively. In addition to its alternative minimum net capital requirements, GS&Co. is also required to hold tentative net capital in excess of $1 billion and net capital in excess of $500 million in accordance with the market and credit risk standards of Appendix E of Rule 15c3-1. GS&Co. is also required to notify the SEC in the event that its tentative net capital is less than $5 billion. As of December 2016 and December 2015, GS&Co. had tentative net capital and net capital in excess of both the minimum and the notification requirements.

Goldman Sachs Execution & Clearing, L.P. (GSEC) was also one of the firm’s primary U.S. regulated broker-dealer subsidiaries prior to transferring substantially all of its clearing business to GS&Co. in 2016. As of December 2015, GSEC had regulatory net capital, calculated in accordance with the “Alternative Net Capital Requirement” as permitted by Rule 15c3-1, of $1.71 billion, which exceeded the amount required by $1.59 billion.

182 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Non-U.S. Regulated Broker-Dealer Subsidiaries. The firm’s principal non-U.S. regulated broker-dealer subsidiaries include Goldman Sachs International (GSI) and Goldman Sachs Japan Co., Ltd. (GSJCL). GSI, the firm’s U.K. broker-dealer, is regulated by the PRA and the FCA. GSJCL, the firm’s Japanese broker-dealer, is regulated by Japan’s Financial Services Agency. These and certain other non-U.S. subsidiaries of the firm are also subject to capital adequacy requirements promulgated by authorities of the countries in which they operate. As of December 2016 and December 2015, these subsidiaries were in compliance with their local capital adequacy requirements.

Restrictions on Payments

Group Inc.’s ability to withdraw capital from its regulated subsidiaries is limited by minimum equity capital requirements applicable to those subsidiaries, provisions of applicable law and regulations and other regulatory restrictions that limit the ability of those subsidiaries to declare and pay dividends without prior regulatory approval (e.g., the amount of dividends that may be paid by GS Bank USA is limited to the lesser of the amounts calculated under a recent earnings test and an undivided profits test) even if the relevant subsidiary would satisfy the equity capital requirements applicable to it after giving effect to the dividend. For example, the Federal Reserve Board, the FDIC and the NYDFS have authority to prohibit or to limit the payment of dividends by the banking organizations they supervise (including GS Bank USA) if, in the relevant regulator’s opinion, payment of a dividend would constitute an unsafe or unsound practice in the light of the financial condition of the banking organization.

As of December 2016 and December 2015, Group Inc. was required to maintain $46.49 billion and $48.09 billion, respectively, of minimum equity capital in its regulated subsidiaries in order to satisfy the regulatory requirements of such subsidiaries.

Other

The deposits of GS Bank USA are insured by the FDIC to the extent provided by law. The Federal Reserve Board requires that GS Bank USA maintain cash reserves with the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The amount deposited by GS Bank USA held at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York was $74.24 billion and $49.36 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, which exceeded required reserve amounts by $74.09 billion and $49.25 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively. The increase in the amount deposited by GS Bank USA held at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York from December 2015 to December 2016 is primarily a result of the acquisition of GE Capital Bank’s online deposit platform in April 2016. See Note 14 for further information about this acquisition.

Note 21.

Earnings Per Common Share

Basic earnings per common share (EPS) is calculated by dividing net earnings applicable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and RSUs for which no future service is required as a condition to the delivery of the underlying common stock (collectively, basic shares). Diluted EPS includes the determinants of basic EPS and, in addition, reflects the dilutive effect of the common stock deliverable for stock options and for RSUs for which future service is required as a condition to the delivery of the underlying common stock.

The table below presents the computations of basic and diluted EPS.

	Year Ended December
in millions, except per share amounts		2016	2015	2014
Net earnings applicable to common shareholders		$7,087	$5,568	$8,077
Weighted average number of basic shares		427.4	448.9	458.9
Effect of dilutive securities:
RSUs		4.7	5.3	6.1
Stock options		3.0	4.4	8.2
Dilutive securities		7.7	9.7	14.3
Weighted average number of basic shares and dilutive securities		435.1	458.6	473.2
Basic EPS		$16.53	$12.35	$17.55
Diluted EPS		16.29	12.14	17.07

In the table above, unvested share-based awards that have non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents are treated as a separate class of securities in calculating EPS. The impact of applying this methodology was a reduction in basic EPS of $0.05 for 2016, 2015 and 2014.

The diluted EPS computations in the table above do not include antidilutive RSUs and common shares underlying antidilutive stock options of 2.8 million for 2016, and 6.0 million for both 2015 and 2014.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 183

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 22.

Transactions with Affiliated Funds

The firm has formed numerous nonconsolidated investment funds with third-party investors. As the firm generally acts as the investment manager for these funds, it is entitled to receive management fees and, in certain cases, advisory fees or incentive fees from these funds. Additionally, the firm invests alongside the third-party investors in certain funds.

The tables below present fees earned from affiliated funds, fees receivable from affiliated funds and the aggregate carrying value of the firm’s interests in affiliated funds.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016	2015	2014
Fees earned from funds		$2,777	$3,293	$3,232

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Fees receivable from funds		$   554	$   599
Aggregate carrying value of interests in funds		6,841	7,768

The firm may periodically determine to waive certain management fees on selected money market funds. Management fees of $104 million were waived for the year ended December 2016.

The Volcker Rule restricts the firm from providing financial support to covered funds (as defined in the rule) after the expiration of any applicable conformance period. As a general matter, in the ordinary course of business, the firm does not expect to provide additional voluntary financial support to any covered funds but may choose to do so with respect to funds that are not subject to the Volcker Rule; however, in the event that such support is provided, the amount is not expected to be material.

As of both December 2016 and December 2015, the firm had an outstanding guarantee, as permitted under the Volcker Rule, on behalf of its funds of $300 million. The firm has voluntarily provided this guarantee in connection with a financing agreement with a third-party lender executed by one of the firm’s real estate funds that is not covered by the Volcker Rule. As of December 2016 and December 2015, except as noted above, the firm has not provided any additional financial support to its affiliated funds.

In addition, in the ordinary course of business, the firm may also engage in other activities with its affiliated funds including, among others, securities lending, trade execution, market making, custody, and acquisition and bridge financing. See Note 18 for the firm’s investment commitments related to these funds.

Note 23.

Interest Income and Interest Expense

Interest is recorded over the life of the instrument on an accrual basis based on contractual interest rates. The table below presents the firm’s sources of interest income and interest expense.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015		2014
Interest income
Deposits with banks		$   452		$   241		$   227
Securities borrowed, securities purchased under agreements to resell and federal funds sold		691		17		(78	)
Financial instruments owned, at fair value		5,444		5,862		7,537
Loans receivable		1,843		1,191		708
Other interest		1,261		1,141		1,210
Total interest income		9,691		8,452		9,604
Interest expense
Deposits		878		408		333
Securities loaned and securities sold under agreements to repurchase		442		330		431
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value		1,251		1,319		1,741
Short-term secured and unsecured borrowings		446		429		447
Long-term secured and unsecured borrowings		4,242		3,878		3,460
Other interest		(155	)	(976	)	(855	)
Total interest expense		7,104		5,388		5,557
Net interest income		$2,587		$3,064		$4,047

In the table above:

• Securities borrowed, securities purchased under agreements to resell and federal funds sold includes rebates paid and interest income on securities borrowed.

• Other interest income includes interest income on customer debit balances and other interest-earning assets.

• Other interest expense includes rebates received on other interest-bearing liabilities and interest expense on customer credit balances.

184 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 24.

Income Taxes

Provision for Income Taxes

Income taxes are provided for using the asset and liability method under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. The firm reports interest expense related to income tax matters in “Provision for taxes” and income tax penalties in “Other expenses.”

The tables below present the components of the provision for taxes and a reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to the firm’s effective income tax rate.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016	2015		2014
Current taxes
U.S. federal		$1,032	$1,116		$1,908
State and local		139	(12	)	576
Non-U.S.		1,184	1,166		901
Total current tax expense		2,355	2,270		3,385
Deferred taxes
U.S. federal		399	397		190
State and local		51	62		38
Non-U.S.		101	(34	)	267
Total deferred tax expense		551	425		495
Provision for taxes		$2,906	$2,695		$3,880

In the table above, for 2016 and 2015, state and local current taxes includes the impact of settlements of state and local examinations.

	Year Ended December
		2016	2015	2014
U.S. federal statutory income tax rate		35.0%	35.0%	35.0%
State and local taxes, net of U.S. federal income tax effects		0.9%	0.3%	3.2%
Tax credits		(2.0)%	(1.7)%	(1.1)%
Non-U.S. operations		(6.7)%	(12.1)%	(5.8)%
Tax-exempt income, including dividends		(0.3)%	(0.7)%	(0.3)%
Non-deductible legal expenses		1.0%	10.2%	—
Other		0.3%	(0.3)%	0.4%
Effective income tax rate		28.2%	30.7%	31.4%

In the table above:

• Non-U.S. operations includes the impact of permanently reinvested earnings.

• State and local taxes, net of U.S. federal income tax effects, for 2016 and 2015, includes the impact of settlements of state and local examinations.

• Substantially all of the non-deductible legal expenses for 2015 relate to provisions for the settlement agreement with the RMBS Working Group.

Deferred Income Taxes

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. These temporary differences result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years and are measured using the tax rates and laws that will be in effect when such differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are established to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that more likely than not will be realized and primarily relate to the ability to utilize losses in various tax jurisdictions. Tax assets and liabilities are presented as a component of “Other assets” and “Other liabilities and accrued expenses,” respectively.

The table below presents the significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities, excluding the impact of netting within tax jurisdictions.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Deferred tax assets
Compensation and benefits		$2,461		$2,744
ASC 740 asset related to unrecognized tax benefits		231		197
Non-U.S. operations		967		1,200
Net operating losses		427		426
Occupancy-related		100		80
Other comprehensive income-related		757		521
Other, net		394		836
Subtotal		5,337		6,004
Valuation allowance		(115	)	(73	)
Total deferred tax assets		$5,222		$5,931
Depreciation and amortization		$1,200		$1,254
Unrealized gains		342		853
Total deferred tax liabilities		$1,542		$2,107

The firm has recorded deferred tax assets of $427 million and $426 million as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, in connection with U.S. federal, state and local and foreign net operating loss carryforwards. The firm also recorded a valuation allowance of $67 million and $24 million as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, related to these net operating loss carryforwards.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 185

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 2016, the U.S. federal and state and local net operating loss carryforwards were $207 million and $800 million, respectively. If not utilized, the U.S. federal net operating loss carryforward and the state and local net operating loss carryforward will begin to expire in 2017. If these carryforwards expire, they will not have a material impact on the firm’s results of operations. As of December 2016, foreign net operating loss carryforwards were $1.39 billion, substantially all of which do not expire. The firm had no foreign tax credit carryforwards and no related net deferred income tax assets as of December 2016 and December 2015.

The firm had no capital loss carryforwards and no related net deferred income tax assets as of December 2016 and December 2015.

The valuation allowance increased by $42 million during 2016 and increased by $9 million during 2015. The increases in 2016 and 2015 were primarily due to an increase in deferred tax assets from which the firm does not expect to realize any benefit.

The firm permanently reinvests eligible earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries and, accordingly, does not accrue any U.S. income taxes that would arise if such earnings were repatriated. As of December 2016 and December 2015, this policy resulted in an unrecognized net deferred tax liability of $6.18 billion and $5.66 billion, respectively, attributable to reinvested earnings of $31.24 billion and $28.55 billion, respectively.

Unrecognized Tax Benefits

The firm recognizes tax positions in the consolidated financial statements only when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on examination by the relevant taxing authority based on the technical merits of the position. A position that meets this standard is measured at the largest amount of benefit that will more likely than not be realized on settlement. A liability is established for differences between positions taken in a tax return and amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements.

The accrued liability for interest expense related to income tax matters and income tax penalties was $141 million and $101 million as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively. The firm recognized interest expense and income tax penalties of $27 million, $17 million and $45 million for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. It is reasonably possible that unrecognized tax benefits could change significantly during the twelve months subsequent to December 2016 due to potential audit settlements. However, at this time it is not possible to estimate any potential change.

The table below presents the changes in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits. This liability is included in “Other liabilities and accrued expenses.” See Note 17 for further information.

	Year Ended or as of December
$ in millions		2016		2015		2014
Beginning balance		$ 825		$ 871		$ 1,765
Increases based on tax positions related to the current year		113		65		204
Increases based on tax positions related to prior years		188		158		263
Decreases based on tax positions related to prior years		(88	)	(205	)	(241	)
Decreases related to settlements		(186	)	(87	)	(1,112	)
Exchange rate fluctuations		—		23		(8	)
Ending balance		$ 852		$ 825		$    871
Related deferred income tax asset		231		197		172
Net unrecognized tax benefit		$ 621		$ 628		$    699

Regulatory Tax Examinations

The firm is subject to examination by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and other taxing authorities in jurisdictions where the firm has significant business operations, such as the United Kingdom, Japan, Hong Kong and various states, such as New York. The tax years under examination vary by jurisdiction. The firm does not expect completion of these audits to have a material impact on the firm’s financial condition but it may be material to operating results for a particular period, depending, in part, on the operating results for that period.

The table below presents the earliest tax years that remain subject to examination by major jurisdiction.

Jurisdiction	As of December 2016
U.S. Federal	2011
New York State and City	2007
United Kingdom	2014
Japan	2014
Hong Kong	2007

During the second quarter of 2016, the Joint Committee on Taxation finalized its review of the U.S. Federal examinations of fiscal 2008 through calendar 2010. The completion of the review did not have a material impact on the firm’s effective income tax rate. The examinations of 2011 and 2012 began in 2013.

The firm has been accepted into the Compliance Assurance Process program by the IRS for each of the tax years from 2013 through 2017. This program allows the firm to work with the IRS to identify and resolve potential U.S. federal tax issues before the filing of tax returns. The 2013 through 2015 tax years remain subject to post-filing review.

186 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

New York State and City examinations for the firm (excluding GS Bank USA) of fiscal 2007 through calendar 2010 are ongoing. New York State and City examinations for GS Bank USA have been completed through 2014.

In 2016, the firm concluded examinations with the Japan tax authorities related to 2010 through 2013. In 2016, the firm concluded examinations with the Hong Kong tax authorities related to 2006. The completion of these examinations did not have a material impact on the firm’s effective income tax rate.

All years including and subsequent to the years in the table above remain open to examination by the taxing authorities. The firm believes that the liability for unrecognized tax benefits it has established is adequate in relation to the potential for additional assessments.

Note 25.

Business Segments

The firm reports its activities in the following four business segments: Investment Banking, Institutional Client Services, Investing & Lending and Investment Management.

Basis of Presentation

In reporting segments, certain of the firm’s business lines have been aggregated where they have similar economic characteristics and are similar in each of the following areas: (i) the nature of the services they provide, (ii) their methods of distribution, (iii) the types of clients they serve and (iv) the regulatory environments in which they operate.

The cost drivers of the firm taken as a whole, compensation, headcount and levels of business activity, are broadly similar in each of the firm’s business segments. Compensation and benefits expenses in the firm’s segments reflect, among other factors, the overall performance of the firm, as well as the performance of individual businesses. Consequently, pre-tax margins in one segment of the firm’s business may be significantly affected by the performance of the firm’s other business segments.

The firm allocates assets (including allocations of global core liquid assets and cash, secured client financing and other assets), revenues and expenses among the four business segments. Due to the integrated nature of these segments, estimates and judgments are made in allocating certain assets, revenues and expenses. The allocation process is based on the manner in which management currently views the performance of the segments. Transactions between segments are based on specific criteria or approximate third-party rates.

The table below presents the firm’s net revenues, pre-tax earnings and total assets by segment. Management believes that this information provides a reasonable representation of each segment’s contribution to consolidated pre-tax earnings and total assets.

	Year Ended or as of December
$ in millions		2016	2015	2014
Investment Banking
Financial Advisory		$    2,932	$    3,470	$    2,474
Equity underwriting		891	1,546	1,750
Debt underwriting		2,450	2,011	2,240
Total Underwriting		3,341	3,557	3,990
Total net revenues		6,273	7,027	6,464
Operating expenses		3,437	3,713	3,688
Pre-tax earnings		$    2,836	$    3,314	$    2,776
Segment assets		$    1,824	$    2,564	$    1,844
Institutional Client Services
Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution		$    7,556	$    7,322	$    8,461
Equities client execution		2,194	3,028	2,079
Commissions and fees		3,078	3,156	3,153
Securities services		1,639	1,645	1,504
Total Equities		6,911	7,829	6,736
Total net revenues		14,467	15,151	15,197
Operating expenses		9,713	13,938	10,880
Pre-tax earnings		$    4,754	$    1,213	$    4,317
Segment assets		$645,689	$663,394	$695,674
Investing & Lending
Equity securities		$    2,573	$    3,781	$    4,579
Debt securities and loans		1,507	1,655	2,246
Total net revenues		4,080	5,436	6,825
Operating expenses		2,386	2,402	2,819
Pre-tax earnings		$    1,694	$    3,034	$    4,006
Segment assets		$198,181	$179,428	$143,790
Investment Management
Management and other fees		$    4,798	$    4,887	$    4,800
Incentive fees		421	780	776
Transaction revenues		569	539	466
Total net revenues		5,788	6,206	6,042
Operating expenses		4,654	4,841	4,647
Pre-tax earnings		$    1,134	$    1,365	$    1,395
Segment assets		$  14,471	$  16,009	$  14,534
Total net revenues		$  30,608	$  33,820	$  34,528
Total operating expenses		20,304	25,042	22,171
Total pre-tax earnings		$  10,304	$    8,778	$  12,357
Total assets		$860,165	$861,395	$855,842

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 187

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

In the table above:

• Revenues and expenses directly associated with each segment are included in determining pre-tax earnings.

• Net revenues in the firm’s segments include allocations of interest income and interest expense to specific securities, commodities and other positions in relation to the cash generated by, or funding requirements of, such underlying positions. Net interest is included in segment net revenues as it is consistent with the way in which management assesses segment performance.

• Overhead expenses not directly allocable to specific segments are allocated ratably based on direct segment expenses.

• All operating expenses have been allocated to the firm’s segments except for charitable contributions of $114 million for 2016, $148 million for 2015 and $137 million for 2014.

• Total operating expenses includes net provisions for litigation and regulatory proceedings of $396 million for 2016, $4.01 billion (of which $3.37 billion was related to the settlement agreement with the RMBS Working Group) for 2015 and $754 million for 2014.

The table below presents the amounts of net interest income by segment included in net revenues.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016	2015	2014
Investment Banking		$      —	$      —	$      —
Institutional Client Services		1,456	2,472	3,679
Investing & Lending		880	418	237
Investment Management		251	174	131
Total net interest income		$2,587	$3,064	$4,047

The table below presents the amounts of depreciation and amortization expense by segment included in pre-tax earnings.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016	2015	2014
Investment Banking		$   126	$   123	$   135
Institutional Client Services		489	462	525
Investing & Lending		215	253	530
Investment Management		168	153	147
Total depreciation and amortization		$   998	$   991	$1,337

Geographic Information

Due to the highly integrated nature of international financial markets, the firm manages its businesses based on the profitability of the enterprise as a whole. The methodology for allocating profitability to geographic regions is dependent on estimates and management judgment because a significant portion of the firm’s activities require cross-border coordination in order to facilitate the needs of the firm’s clients.

Geographic results are generally allocated as follows:

• Investment Banking: location of the client and investment banking team.

• Institutional Client Services: Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution, and Equities (excluding Securities Services): location of the market-making desk; Securities Services: location of the primary market for the underlying security.

• Investing & Lending: Investing: location of the investment; Lending: location of the client.

• Investment Management: location of the sales team.

The table below presents the total net revenues, pre-tax earnings and net earnings of the firm by geographic region allocated based on the methodology referred to above, as well as the percentage of total net revenues, pre-tax earnings and net earnings (excluding Corporate) for each geographic region. In the table below, Asia includes Australia and New Zealand.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016			2015			2014
Net revenues
Americas		$18,144		60%	$19,202		56%	$20,062		58%
Europe, Middle East and Africa		8,040		26%	8,981		27%	9,057		26%
Asia		4,424		14%	5,637		17%	5,409		16%
Total net revenues		$30,608		100%	$33,820		100%	$34,528		100%
Pre-tax earnings
Americas		$  6,352		61%	$  3,359		37%	$  7,144		57%
Europe, Middle East and Africa		2,883		28%	3,364		38%	3,338		27%
Asia		1,183		11%	2,203		25%	2,012		16%
Subtotal		10,418		100%	8,926		100%	12,494		100%
Corporate		(114	)		(148	)		(137	)
Total pre-tax earnings		$10,304			$  8,778			$12,357
Net earnings
Americas		$  4,337		58%	$  1,587		26%	$  4,558		53%
Europe, Middle East and Africa		2,270		30%	2,914		47%	2,576		30%
Asia		870		12%	1,686		27%	1,434		17%
Subtotal		7,477		100%	6,187		100%	8,568		100%
Corporate		(79	)		(104	)		(91	)
Total net earnings		$  7,398			$  6,083			$  8,477

188 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

In the table above:

• Americas pre-tax earnings includes provisions of $3.37 billion recorded during 2015 for the settlement agreement with the RMBS Working Group.

• Corporate pre-tax earnings includes charitable contributions that have not been allocated to the firm’s geographic regions.

• Substantially all of the amounts in Americas were attributable to the U.S.

Note 26.

Credit Concentrations

Credit concentrations may arise from market making, client facilitation, investing, underwriting, lending and collateralized transactions and may be impacted by changes in economic, industry or political factors. The firm seeks to mitigate credit risk by actively monitoring exposures and obtaining collateral from counterparties as deemed appropriate.

While the firm’s activities expose it to many different industries and counterparties, the firm routinely executes a high volume of transactions with asset managers, investment funds, commercial banks, brokers and dealers, clearing houses and exchanges, which results in significant credit concentrations.

In the ordinary course of business, the firm may also be subject to a concentration of credit risk to a particular counterparty, borrower or issuer, including sovereign issuers, or to a particular clearing house or exchange.

The table below presents the credit concentrations in cash instruments held by the firm. Amounts in the table below are included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value.”

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
U.S. government and federal agency obligations		$57,657	$63,844
% of total assets		6.7%	7.4%
Non-U.S. government and agency obligations		$29,381	$31,772
% of total assets		3.4%	3.7%

As of December 2016 and December 2015, the firm did not have credit exposure to any other counterparty that exceeded 2% of total assets.

To reduce credit exposures, the firm may enter into agreements with counterparties that permit the firm to offset receivables and payables with such counterparties and/or enable the firm to obtain collateral on an upfront or contingent basis. Collateral obtained by the firm related to derivative assets is principally cash and is held by the firm or a third-party custodian. Collateral obtained by the firm related to resale agreements and securities borrowed transactions is primarily U.S. government and federal agency obligations and non-U.S. government and agency obligations. See Note 10 for further information about collateralized agreements and financings.

The table below presents U.S. government and federal agency obligations and non-U.S. government and agency obligations that collateralize resale agreements and securities borrowed transactions. Because the firm’s primary credit exposure on such transactions is to the counterparty to the transaction, the firm would be exposed to the collateral issuer only in the event of counterparty default. In the table below, non-U.S. government and agency obligations primarily consists of securities issued by the governments of France, the U.K., Japan and Germany.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
U.S. government and federal agency obligations		$89,721	$107,198
Non-U.S. government and agency obligations		80,234	74,326

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 189

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 27.

Legal Proceedings

The firm is involved in a number of judicial, regulatory and arbitration proceedings (including those described below) concerning matters arising in connection with the conduct of the firm’s businesses. Many of these proceedings are in early stages, and many of these cases seek an indeterminate amount of damages.

Under ASC 450, an event is “reasonably possible” if “the chance of the future event or events occurring is more than remote but less than likely” and an event is “remote” if “the chance of the future event or events occurring is slight.” Thus, references to the upper end of the range of reasonably possible loss for cases in which the firm is able to estimate a range of reasonably possible loss mean the upper end of the range of loss for cases for which the firm believes the risk of loss is more than slight.

With respect to matters described below for which management has been able to estimate a range of reasonably possible loss where (i) actual or potential plaintiffs have claimed an amount of money damages, (ii) the firm is being, or threatened to be, sued by purchasers in a securities offering and is not being indemnified by a party that the firm believes will pay the full amount of any judgment, or (iii) the purchasers are demanding that the firm repurchase securities, management has estimated the upper end of the range of reasonably possible loss as being equal to (a) in the case of (i), the amount of money damages claimed, (b) in the case of (ii), the difference between the initial sales price of the securities that the firm sold in such offering and the estimated lowest subsequent price of such securities prior to the action being commenced and (c) in the case of (iii), the price that purchasers paid for the securities less the estimated value, if any, as of December 2016 of the relevant securities, in each of cases (i), (ii) and (iii), taking into account any other factors believed to be relevant to the particular matter or matters of that type. As of the date hereof, the firm has estimated the upper end of the range of reasonably possible aggregate loss for such matters and for any other matters described below where management has been able to estimate a range of reasonably possible aggregate loss to be approximately $1.8 billion in excess of the aggregate reserves for such matters.

Management is generally unable to estimate a range of reasonably possible loss for matters other than those included in the estimate above, including where (i) actual or potential plaintiffs have not claimed an amount of money damages, except in those instances where management can otherwise determine an appropriate amount, (ii) matters are in early stages, (iii) matters relate to regulatory investigations or reviews, except in those instances where management can otherwise determine an appropriate amount, (iv) there is uncertainty as to the likelihood of a class being certified or the ultimate size of the class, (v) there is uncertainty as to the outcome of pending appeals or motions, (vi) there are significant factual issues to be resolved, and/or (vii) there are novel legal issues presented. For example, the firm’s potential liabilities with respect to future mortgage-related “put-back” claims described below may ultimately result in an increase in the firm’s liabilities, but are not included in management’s estimate of reasonably possible loss. As another example, the firm’s potential liabilities with respect to the investigations and reviews described below in “Regulatory Investigations and Reviews and Related Litigation” also generally are not included in management’s estimate of reasonably possible loss. However, management does not believe, based on currently available information, that the outcomes of such other matters will have a material adverse effect on the firm’s financial condition, though the outcomes could be material to the firm’s operating results for any particular period, depending, in part, upon the operating results for such period. See Note 18 for further information about mortgage-related contingencies.

190 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Mortgage-Related Matters. Beginning in April 2010, a number of purported securities law class actions were filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York challenging the adequacy of Group Inc.’s public disclosure of, among other things, the firm’s activities in the CDO market, the firm’s conflict of interest management, and the SEC investigation that led to GS&Co. entering into a consent agreement with the SEC, settling all claims made against GS&Co. by the SEC in connection with the ABACUS 2007-AC1 CDO offering (ABACUS 2007-AC1 transaction), pursuant to which GS&Co. paid $550 million of disgorgement and civil penalties. The consolidated amended complaint filed on July 25, 2011, which names as defendants Group Inc. and certain officers and employees of Group Inc. and its affiliates, generally alleges violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and seeks unspecified damages. On June 21, 2012, the district court dismissed the claims based on Group Inc.’s not disclosing that it had received a “Wells” notice from the staff of the SEC related to the ABACUS 2007-AC1 transaction, but permitted the plaintiffs’ other claims to proceed. The district court granted class certification on September 24, 2015, but the appellate court granted defendants’ petition for review on January 26, 2016. On February 1, 2016, the district court stayed proceedings in the district court pending the appellate court’s decision.

In June 2012, the Board received a demand from a shareholder that the Board investigate and take action relating to the firm’s mortgage-related activities and to stock sales by certain directors and executives of the firm. On February 15, 2013, this shareholder filed a putative shareholder derivative action in New York Supreme Court, New York County, against Group Inc. and certain current or former directors and employees, based on these activities and stock sales. The derivative complaint includes allegations of breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, abuse of control, gross mismanagement and corporate waste, and seeks, among other things, unspecified monetary damages, disgorgement of profits and certain corporate governance and disclosure reforms. On May 28, 2013, Group Inc. informed the shareholder that the Board completed its investigation and determined to refuse the demand. On June 20, 2013, the shareholder made a books and records demand requesting materials relating to the Board’s determination. The parties have agreed to stay proceedings in the putative derivative action pending resolution of the books and records demand.

In addition, the Board has received books and records demands from several shareholders for materials relating to, among other subjects, the firm’s mortgage servicing and foreclosure activities, participation in federal programs providing assistance to financial institutions and homeowners, loan sales to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, mortgage-related activities and conflicts management.

Various alleged purchasers of mortgage pass-through certificates and other mortgage-related products (including Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company and the FDIC (as receiver for Guaranty Bank) have filed complaints in state and federal court against firm affiliates, generally alleging that the offering documents for the securities that they purchased contained untrue statements of material fact and material omissions and generally seeking rescission and/or damages. Certain of these complaints allege fraud and seek punitive damages. Certain of these complaints also name other firms as defendants.

As of the date hereof, the aggregate amount of mortgage-related securities sold to plaintiffs in active cases described in the preceding paragraph where those plaintiffs are seeking rescission of such securities was approximately $261 million (which does not reflect adjustment for any subsequent paydowns or distributions or any residual value of such securities, statutory interest or any other adjustments that may be claimed). This amount does not include the potential claims by these or other purchasers in the same or other mortgage-related offerings that have not been described above, or claims that have been dismissed.

The firm has entered into agreements with Deutsche Bank National Trust Company and U.S. Bank National Association to toll the relevant statute of limitations with respect to claims for repurchase of residential mortgage loans based on alleged breaches of representations related to $11.1 billion original notional face amount of securitizations issued by trusts for which they act as trustees.

The firm has received subpoenas or requests for information from, and is engaged in discussions with, certain regulators and law enforcement agencies with which it has not entered into settlement agreements as part of inquiries or investigations relating to mortgage-related matters.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 191

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

GT Advanced Technologies Securities Litigation. GS&Co. is among the underwriters named as defendants in several putative securities class actions filed in October 2014 in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Hampshire. In addition to the underwriters, the defendants include certain directors and officers of GT Advanced Technologies Inc. (GT). As to the underwriters, the complaints generally allege misstatements and omissions in connection with the December 2013 offerings by GT of approximately $86 million of common stock and $214 million principal amount of convertible senior notes, assert claims under the federal securities laws, and seek compensatory damages in an unspecified amount and rescission. On July 20, 2015, the plaintiffs filed a consolidated amended complaint. On October 7, 2015, the defendants moved to dismiss. GS&Co. underwrote 3,479,769 shares of common stock and $75 million principal amount of notes for an aggregate offering price of approximately $105 million. On October 6, 2014, GT filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.

SunEdison Bankruptcy Litigation. GS Bank USA is among the defendants named in an adversary proceeding filed on October 20, 2016 in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York arising from the bankruptcy of SunEdison. The complaint alleges that amounts transferred and liens granted by SunEdison to its secured creditors, including GS Bank USA, prior to filing for bankruptcy were fraudulent and preferential transfers. Plaintiffs seek to recoup those transfers, avoid those liens and disallow certain claims of the secured creditors. GS Bank USA received pre-filing payments from SunEdison aggregating $169 million that are subject to the recoupment claims and holds $75 million of secured debt subject to the avoidance and disallowance claims. Defendants moved to dismiss on November 22, 2016.

Currencies-Related Litigation. GS&Co. and Group Inc. are among the defendants named in a putative class action filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York on September 26, 2016 on behalf of putative indirect purchasers of foreign exchange instruments. The complaint generally alleges that defendants violated federal antitrust laws in connection with an alleged conspiracy to manipulate the foreign currency exchange markets and asserts claims under federal and state antitrust laws and seeks injunctive relief, as well as treble damages in an unspecified amount. Defendants moved to dismiss on January 23, 2017.

Group Inc., GS&Co. and GS Canada are among the defendants named in putative class actions related to trading in foreign exchange markets, filed beginning in September 2015 in the Superior Court of Justice in Ontario, Canada and the Superior Court of Quebec, Canada, on behalf of direct and indirect purchasers of foreign exchange instruments traded in Canada. The complaints generally allege a conspiracy to manipulate the foreign currency exchange markets and assert claims under Canada’s Competition Act and common law. The Ontario and Quebec complaints seek, among other things, compensatory damages in the amounts of 1 billion Canadian dollars and 100 million Canadian dollars, respectively, as well as restitution and 50 million Canadian dollars in punitive, exemplary and aggravated damages. In December 2016, the courts preliminarily approved a settlement of the claims against the Goldman Sachs defendants. The firm has paid the full amount of the proposed settlement into trust pending final settlement approval.

Financial Advisory Services. Group Inc. and certain of its affiliates are from time to time parties to various civil litigation and arbitration proceedings and other disputes with clients and third parties relating to the firm’s financial advisory activities. These claims generally seek, among other things, compensatory damages and, in some cases, punitive damages, and in certain cases allege that the firm did not appropriately disclose or deal with conflicts of interest.

192 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Cobalt International Energy Securities Litigation. Cobalt International Energy, Inc. (Cobalt), certain of its officers and directors (including employees of affiliates of Group Inc. who served as directors of Cobalt), affiliates of shareholders of Cobalt (including Group Inc.) and the underwriters (including GS&Co.) for certain offerings of Cobalt’s securities are defendants in a putative securities class action filed on November 30, 2014 in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas. The consolidated amended complaint, filed on May 1, 2015, asserts claims under the federal securities laws, seeks compensatory and rescissory damages in unspecified amounts and alleges material misstatements and omissions concerning Cobalt in connection with a $1.67 billion February 2012 offering of Cobalt common stock, a $1.38 billion December 2012 offering of Cobalt’s convertible notes, a $1.00 billion January 2013 offering of Cobalt’s common stock, a $1.33 billion May 2013 offering of Cobalt’s common stock, and a $1.30 billion May 2014 offering of Cobalt’s convertible notes. The consolidated amended complaint alleges that, among others, Group Inc. and GS&Co. are liable as controlling persons with respect to all five offerings. The consolidated amended complaint also seeks damages from GS&Co. in connection with its acting as an underwriter of 14,430,000 shares of common stock representing an aggregate offering price of approximately $465 million, $690 million principal amount of convertible notes, and approximately $508 million principal amount of convertible notes in the February 2012, December 2012 and May 2014 offerings, respectively, for an aggregate offering price of approximately $1.66 billion. On January 19, 2016, the court granted, with leave to replead, the underwriter defendants’ motions to dismiss as to claims by plaintiffs who purchased Cobalt securities after April 30, 2013, but denied the motions to dismiss in all other respects. On November 3, 2016, plaintiffs moved for class certification.

Cobalt, certain of its officers and directors (including employees of affiliates of Group Inc. who served as directors of Cobalt), certain shareholders of Cobalt (including funds affiliated with Group Inc.), and affiliates of these shareholders (including Group Inc.) are defendants in putative shareholder derivative actions filed beginning on May 6, 2016 in Texas District Court, Harris County. As to the director and officer defendants (including employees of affiliates of Group Inc. who served as directors of Cobalt), the petitions generally allege that they breached their fiduciary duties under state law by making materially false and misleading statements concerning Cobalt. As to the shareholder defendants and their affiliates (including Group Inc. and several affiliated funds), the original petition also alleges that they breached their fiduciary duties by selling Cobalt securities in the common stock offerings described above on the basis of inside information. The petitions seek, among other things, unspecified monetary damages and disgorgement of proceeds from the sale of Cobalt common stock. Defendants moved to dismiss the original petition on July 8, 2016.

Adeptus Health Securities Litigation. GS&Co. is among the underwriters named as defendants in several putative securities class actions, filed beginning in October 2016 in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. In addition to the underwriters, the defendants include Adeptus Health Inc. (Adeptus), its sponsor, and certain of directors and officers of Adeptus. As to the underwriters, the complaints generally allege misstatements and omissions in connection with the $124 million June 2014 initial public offering, the $154 million May 2015 secondary equity offering, the $411 million July 2015 secondary equity offering, and the $175 million June 2016 secondary equity offering. The complaints assert claims under the federal securities laws and seek, among other things, unspecified monetary damages. GS&Co. underwrote 1.69 million shares of common stock in the June 2014 initial public offering representing an aggregate offering price of approximately $37 million, 962,378 shares of common stock in the May 2015 offering representing an aggregate offering price of approximately $61 million, 1.76 million shares of common stock in the July 2015 offering representing an aggregate offering price of approximately $184 million, and all the shares of common stock in the June 2016 offering representing an aggregate offering price of approximately $175 million.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 193

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Investment Management Services. Group Inc. and certain of its affiliates are parties to various civil litigation and arbitration proceedings and other disputes with clients relating to losses allegedly sustained as a result of the firm’s investment management services. These claims generally seek, among other things, restitution or other compensatory damages and, in some cases, punitive damages.

TerraForm Global and SunEdison Securities Litigation. GS&Co. is among the underwriters, placement agents and initial purchasers named as defendants in several putative class actions and individual actions filed beginning in October 2015 relating to the $675 million July 2015 initial public offering of the common stock of TerraForm Global, Inc. (TerraForm Global), the August 2015 public offering of $650 million of SunEdison, Inc. (SunEdison) convertible preferred stock, the June 2015 private placement of $335 million of TerraForm Global Class D units, and the August 2015 Rule 144A offering of $810 million principal amount of TerraForm Global senior notes. SunEdison is TerraForm Global’s controlling shareholder and sponsor. Beginning in October 2016, the pending cases were transferred to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, and on January 16, 2017, certain plaintiffs filed a consolidated amended complaint relating to TerraForm Global’s initial public offering. The defendants also include TerraForm Global, SunEdison and certain of their directors and officers. The complaints generally allege misstatements and omissions in connection with the offerings, assert claims under federal securities laws and, in certain actions, state laws, and seek compensatory damages in an unspecified amount, as well as rescission or rescissory damages. TerraForm Global sold 154,800 Class D units, representing an aggregate offering price of approximately $155 million, to the individual plaintiffs. GS&Co., as underwriter, sold 138,890 shares of SunEdison convertible preferred stock in the offering, representing an aggregate offering price of approximately $139 million and sold 2,340,000 shares of TerraForm Global common stock in the initial public offering representing an aggregate offering price of approximately $35 million. GS&Co., as initial purchaser, sold approximately $49 million principal amount of TerraForm Global senior notes in the Rule 144A offering. On April 21, 2016, SunEdison filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.

Valeant Pharmaceuticals International Securities Litigation. GS&Co. and Goldman Sachs Canada Inc. (GS Canada) are among the underwriters and initial purchasers named as defendants in a putative class action filed on March 2, 2016 in the Superior Court of Quebec, Canada. In addition to the underwriters and initial purchasers, the defendants include Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc. (Valeant), certain directors and officers of Valeant and Valeant’s auditor. As to GS&Co. and GS Canada, the complaint generally alleges misstatements and omissions in connection with the offering materials for the June 2013 public offering of $2.3 billion of common stock, the June 2013 Rule 144A offering of $3.2 billion principal amount of senior notes, and the November 2013 Rule 144A offering of $900 million principal amount of senior notes. The complaint asserts claims under the Quebec Securities Act and the Civil Code of Quebec and seeks compensatory damages in an unspecified amount.

GS&Co. is among the initial purchasers named as defendants in a putative class action filed on June 24, 2016 in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey. In addition to the initial purchasers for Valeant’s Rule 144A debt offerings, the defendants include Valeant, certain directors and officers of Valeant, Valeant’s auditor and the underwriters for a common stock offering in which GS&Co. did not participate. As to GS&Co., the complaint generally alleges misstatements and omissions in connection with the June 2013 and November 2013 Rule 144A offerings described above, asserts claims under the federal securities laws, and seeks rescission and compensatory damages in an unspecified amount. Defendants moved to dismiss on September 13, 2016.

GS&Co. and GS Canada, as sole underwriters, sold 27,058,824 shares of common stock in the June 2013 offering representing an aggregate offering price of approximately $2.3 billion and, as initial purchasers, sold approximately $1.3 billion and $293 million in principal amount of senior notes in the June 2013 and November 2013 Rule 144A offerings, respectively.

194 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Interest Rate Swap Antitrust Litigation. Group Inc., GS&Co., GSI, GS Bank USA and Goldman Sachs Financial Markets, L.P. (GSFM) are among the defendants named in putative antitrust class actions relating to the trading of interest rate swaps, filed beginning in November 2015 and consolidated in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. The second consolidated amended complaint filed on December 9, 2016 generally alleges a conspiracy among the defendants since at least January 1, 2007 to preclude exchange trading of interest rate swaps. The complaint seeks declaratory and injunctive relief, as well as treble damages in an unspecified amount. Defendants moved to dismiss on January 20, 2017.

Group Inc., GS&Co., GSI, GS Bank USA and GSFM are among the defendants named in antitrust actions relating to the trading of interest rate swaps filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York beginning in April 2016 by two operators of swap execution facilities and certain of their affiliates. These actions have been consolidated with the class action described above for pretrial proceedings. The second consolidated amended complaint filed on December 9, 2016 generally asserts claims under federal and state antitrust laws and state common law in connection with an alleged conspiracy among the defendants to preclude trading of interest rate swaps on the plaintiffs’ respective swap execution facilities and seeks declaratory and injunctive relief, as well as treble damages in an unspecified amount. Defendants moved to dismiss on January 20, 2017.

Commodities-Related Litigation. GSI is among the defendants named in putative class actions relating to trading in platinum and palladium, filed beginning on November 25, 2014 and most recently amended on July 27, 2015, in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. The complaints generally allege that the defendants violated federal antitrust laws and the Commodity Exchange Act in connection with an alleged conspiracy to manipulate a benchmark for physical platinum and palladium prices and seek declaratory and injunctive relief, as well as treble damages in an unspecified amount. On September 21, 2015, the defendants moved to dismiss.

Employment-Related Matters. On September 15, 2010, a putative class action was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York by three female former employees alleging that Group Inc. and GS&Co. have systematically discriminated against female employees in respect of compensation, promotion, assignments, mentoring and performance evaluations. The complaint alleges a class consisting of all female employees employed at specified levels in specified areas by Group Inc. and GS&Co. since July 2002, and asserts claims under federal and New York City discrimination laws. The complaint seeks class action status, injunctive relief and unspecified amounts of compensatory, punitive and other damages. On July 17, 2012, the district court issued a decision granting in part Group Inc.’s and GS&Co.’s motion to strike certain of plaintiffs’ class allegations on the ground that plaintiffs lacked standing to pursue certain equitable remedies and denying Group Inc.’s and GS&Co.’s motion to strike plaintiffs’ class allegations in their entirety as premature. On March 21, 2013, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit held that arbitration should be compelled with one of the named plaintiffs, who as a managing director was a party to an arbitration agreement with the firm. On March 10, 2015, the magistrate judge to whom the district judge assigned the remaining plaintiffs’ May 2014 motion for class certification recommended that the motion be denied in all respects. On August 3, 2015, the magistrate judge denied plaintiffs’ motion for reconsideration of that recommendation and granted the plaintiffs’ motion to intervene two female individuals, one of whom was employed by the firm as of September 2010 and the other of whom ceased to be an employee of the firm subsequent to the magistrate judge’s decision. On June 6, 2016, the district court affirmed the magistrate judge’s decision on intervention. On September 28, 2015, and by a supplemental motion filed July 11, 2016 (after the second intervenor ceased to be an employee), the defendants moved to dismiss the claims of the intervenors for lack of standing and mootness.

U.S. Treasury Securities-Related Litigation. GS&Co. is among the primary dealers named as defendants in several putative class actions relating to the market for U.S. Treasury securities, filed beginning in July 2015 and consolidated in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. The complaints generally allege that the defendants violated the federal antitrust laws and the Commodity Exchange Act in connection with an alleged conspiracy to manipulate the when-issued market and auctions for U.S. Treasury securities, as well as related futures and options, and seek declaratory and injunctive relief, treble damages in an unspecified amount and restitution.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 195

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

ISDAFIX-Related Litigation. Group Inc. is among the defendants named in several putative class actions relating to trading in interest rate derivatives, filed beginning in September 2014 and most recently amended on February 12, 2015 in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. The plaintiffs assert claims under the federal antitrust laws and state common law in connection with an alleged conspiracy to manipulate the ISDAFIX benchmarks and seek declaratory and injunctive relief, as well as treble damages in an unspecified amount. On December 19, 2016, the court preliminarily approved a settlement of the claims against Group Inc. The firm has paid the full amount of the proposed settlement into an escrow fund.

Regulatory Investigations and Reviews and Related Litigation. Group Inc. and certain of its affiliates are subject to a number of other investigations and reviews by, and in some cases have received subpoenas and requests for documents and information from, various governmental and regulatory bodies and self-regulatory organizations and litigation and shareholder requests relating to various matters relating to the firm’s businesses and operations, including:

• The 2008 financial crisis;

• The public offering process;

• The firm’s investment management and financial advisory services;

• Conflicts of interest;

• Research practices, including research independence and interactions between research analysts and other firm personnel, including investment banking personnel, as well as third parties;

• Transactions involving government-related financings and other matters, including those related to 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB), a sovereign wealth fund in Malaysia, municipal securities, including wall-cross procedures and conflict of interest disclosure with respect to state and municipal clients, the trading and structuring of municipal derivative instruments in connection with municipal offerings, political contribution rules, municipal advisory services and the possible impact of credit default swap transactions on municipal issuers;

• The offering, auction, sales, trading and clearance of corporate and government securities, currencies, commodities and other financial products and related sales and other communications and activities, including compliance with the SEC’s short sale rule, algorithmic, high-frequency and quantitative trading, the firm’s U.S. alternative trading system (dark pool), futures trading, options trading, when-issued trading, transaction reporting, technology systems and controls, securities lending practices, trading and clearance of credit derivative instruments and interest rate swaps, commodities activities and metals storage, private placement practices, allocations of and trading in securities, and trading activities and communications in connection with the establishment of benchmark rates, such as currency rates;

• Compliance with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act;

• The firm’s hiring and compensation practices;

• The firm’s system of risk management and controls; and

• Insider trading, the potential misuse and dissemination of material nonpublic information regarding corporate and governmental developments and the effectiveness of the firm’s insider trading controls and information barriers.

The firm is cooperating with all such governmental and regulatory investigations and reviews.

Note 28.

Employee Benefit Plans

The firm sponsors various pension plans and certain other postretirement benefit plans, primarily healthcare and life insurance. The firm also provides certain benefits to former or inactive employees prior to retirement.

Defined Benefit Pension Plans and Postretirement Plans

Employees of certain non-U.S. subsidiaries participate in various defined benefit pension plans. These plans generally provide benefits based on years of credited service and a percentage of the employee’s eligible compensation. The firm maintains a defined benefit pension plan for certain U.K. employees. As of April 2008, the U.K. defined benefit plan was closed to new participants and frozen for existing participants as of March 31, 2016. The non-U.S. plans do not have a material impact on the firm’s consolidated results of operations.

196 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The firm also maintains a defined benefit pension plan for substantially all U.S. employees hired prior to November 1, 2003. As of November 2004, this plan was closed to new participants and frozen for existing participants. In addition, the firm maintains unfunded postretirement benefit plans that provide medical and life insurance for eligible retirees and their dependents covered under these programs. These plans do not have a material impact on the firm’s consolidated results of operations.

The firm recognizes the funded status of its defined benefit pension and postretirement plans, measured as the difference between the fair value of the plan assets and the benefit obligation, in the consolidated statements of financial condition. As of December 2016, “Other assets” and “Other liabilities and accrued expenses” included $72 million (related to overfunded pension plans) and $592 million, respectively, related to these plans. As of December 2015, “Other assets” and “Other liabilities and accrued expenses” included $329 million (related to overfunded pension plans) and $561 million, respectively, related to these plans.

Defined Contribution Plans

The firm contributes to employer-sponsored U.S. and non-U.S. defined contribution plans. The firm’s contribution to these plans was $236 million for 2016, $231 million for 2015 and $223 million for 2014.

Note 29.

Employee Incentive Plans

The cost of employee services received in exchange for a share-based award is generally measured based on the grant-date fair value of the award. Share-based awards that do not require future service (i.e., vested awards, including awards granted to retirement-eligible employees) are expensed immediately. Share-based awards that require future service are amortized over the relevant service period. Expected forfeitures are included in determining share-based employee compensation expense. See Note 3 for information about the adoption of ASU No. 2016-09.

The firm pays cash dividend equivalents on outstanding RSUs. Dividend equivalents paid on RSUs are generally charged to retained earnings. Dividend equivalents paid on RSUs expected to be forfeited are included in compensation expense. The firm accounts for the tax benefit related to dividend equivalents paid on RSUs as an increase to additional paid-in capital.

The firm generally issues new shares of common stock upon delivery of share-based awards. In certain cases, primarily related to conflicted employment (as outlined in the applicable award agreements), the firm may cash settle share-based compensation awards accounted for as equity instruments. For these awards, whose terms allow for cash settlement, additional paid-in capital is adjusted to the extent of the difference between the value of the award at the time of cash settlement and the grant-date value of the award.

Stock Incentive Plan

The firm sponsors a stock incentive plan, The Goldman Sachs Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (2015) (2015 SIP), which provides for grants of RSUs, restricted stock, dividend equivalent rights, incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, and other share-based awards, each of which may be subject to performance conditions. On May 21, 2015, shareholders approved the 2015 SIP. The 2015 SIP replaced The Goldman Sachs Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (2013) (2013 SIP) previously in effect, and applies to awards granted on or after the date of approval.

As of December 2016, 73.0 million shares were available for grant under the 2015 SIP. If any shares of common stock underlying awards granted under the 2015 SIP or 2013 SIP are not delivered due to forfeiture, termination or cancellation or are surrendered or withheld, those shares will again become available to be delivered under the 2015 SIP. Shares available for grant are also subject to adjustment for certain changes in corporate structure as permitted under the 2015 SIP. The 2015 SIP is scheduled to terminate on the date of the annual meeting of shareholders that occurs in 2019.

Restricted Stock Units

The firm grants RSUs to employees under the 2015 SIP, which are valued based on the closing price of the underlying shares on the date of grant after taking into account a liquidity discount for any applicable post-vesting and delivery transfer restrictions. RSUs generally vest and underlying shares of common stock deliver as outlined in the applicable award agreements. Employee award agreements generally provide that vesting is accelerated in certain circumstances, such as on retirement, death, disability and conflicted employment. Delivery of the underlying shares of common stock is conditioned on the grantees satisfying certain vesting and other requirements outlined in the award agreements.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 197

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The table below presents the activity related to RSUs.

	Restricted Stock Units Outstanding					Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value of Restricted Stock Units Outstanding
		Future Service Required		No Future Service Required			Future Service Required	No Future Service Required
Outstanding, December 2015		5,649,156		22,082,601			$159.82	$148.00
Granted		4,452,358		11,071,140			138.48	134.90
Forfeited		(501,094	)	(387,417	)		153.98	149.60
Delivered		—		(14,541,074	)		—	142.85
Vested		(3,977,181	)	3,977,181			154.44	154.44
Outstanding, December 2016		5,623,239		22,202,431			147.25	145.97

In the table above:

• The weighted average grant-date fair value of RSUs granted during 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $135.92, $160.19 and $151.40, respectively. The fair value of the RSUs granted during 2016, 2015 and 2014 includes a liquidity discount of 10.5%, 9.2% and 13.8%, respectively, to reflect post-vesting and delivery transfer restrictions of up to 4 years.

• The aggregate fair value of awards that vested during 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $2.26 billion, $2.40 billion and $2.39 billion, respectively.

• Delivered RSUs include RSUs that were cash settled.

• RSUs outstanding include restricted stock subject to future service requirements as of December 2016 and December 2015 of 39,957 and 6,354 shares, respectively.

In the first quarter of 2017, the firm granted to its employees 8.4 million year-end RSUs, of which 3.2 million RSUs require future service as a condition of delivery for the related shares of common stock. These awards are subject to additional conditions as outlined in the award agreements. Generally, shares underlying these awards, net of required withholding tax, deliver over a three-year period but are subject to post-vesting and delivery transfer restrictions through January 2022. These grants are not included in the table above.

Stock Options

Stock options generally vest as outlined in the applicable stock option agreement. In general, options expire on the tenth anniversary of the grant date, although they may be subject to earlier termination or cancellation under certain circumstances in accordance with the terms of the applicable stock option agreement and the SIP in effect at the time of grant.

The table below presents the activity related to outstanding stock options, all of which were granted in 2006 through 2008.

	Options Outstanding		Weighted Average Exercise Price	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in millions)	Weighted Average Remaining Life (years)
Outstanding, December 2015	14,756,275		$128.79	$891	2.38
Exercised	(6,795,087	)	135.16
Outstanding, December 2016	7,961,188		123.36	924	1.61
Exercisable, December 2016	7,961,188		123.36	924	1.61

In the table above:

• The total intrinsic value of options exercised during 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $436 million, $531 million and $2.03 billion, respectively.

• Options outstanding as of December 2016, consist of 5.13 million options with an exercise price of $78.78 and a remaining life of 2.00 years, and 2.83 million options with an exercise price of $204.16 and a remaining life of 0.92 years.

The table below presents the share-based compensation and the related excess tax benefit.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016	2015	2014
Share-based compensation		$2,170	$2,304	$2,101
Excess net tax benefit for options exercised		79	134	549
Excess net tax benefit for other share-based awards		147	406	788

In the table above, excess net tax benefit for other share-based awards represents the net tax benefit recognized in additional paid-in capital on stock options exercised, the delivery of common stock underlying share-based awards and dividend equivalents paid on RSUs. Following the adoption of ASU 2016-09, such amounts will be recognized prospectively in income tax expense. See Note 3 for further information about this ASU.

As of December 2016, there was $381 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.50 years.

198 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 30.

Parent Company

Group Inc. — Condensed Statements of Earnings

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015		2014
Revenues
Dividends from subsidiaries:
Bank subsidiaries		$     53		$     32		$     16
Nonbank subsidiaries		5,465		3,181		2,739
Other revenues		155		(132	)	826
Total non-interest revenues		5,673		3,081		3,581
Interest income		4,140		3,519		3,769
Interest expense		4,543		4,165		3,802
Net interest loss		(403	)	(646	)	(33	)
Net revenues, including net interest loss		5,270		2,435		3,548
Operating expenses
Compensation and benefits		343		498		411
Other expenses		332		188		282
Total operating expenses		675		686		693
Pre-tax earnings		4,595		1,749		2,855
Provision/(benefit) for taxes		(518	)	(828	)	(292	)
Undistributed earnings of subsidiaries		2,285		3,506		5,330
Net earnings		7,398		6,083		8,477
Preferred stock dividends		311		515		400
Net earnings applicable to common shareholders		$7,087		$5,568		$8,077

Supplemental Disclosure:

Dividends from nonbank subsidiaries include cash dividends of $3.46 billion, $2.29 billion and $2.62 billion for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Group Inc. — Condensed Statements of Financial Condition

	As of December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents:
With third party banks		$         81		$         36
With subsidiary bank		3,000		1,300
Loans to and receivables from subsidiaries:
Bank subsidiaries		9,131		9,494
Nonbank subsidiaries		179,899		179,826
Investments in subsidiaries and other affiliates:
Bank subsidiaries		25,571		23,985
Nonbank subsidiaries and other affiliates		67,203		61,533
Financial instruments owned, at fair value		4,524		4,410
Other assets		6,273		7,472
Total assets		$295,682		$288,056
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity
Payables to subsidiaries		$       875		$       591
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value		775		443
Unsecured short-term borrowings:
With third parties (includes $3,256 as of December 2016 and $4,924 as of December 2015, at fair value)		27,159		29,547
With subsidiaries		999		628
Unsecured long-term borrowings:
With third parties (includes $17,591 as of December 2016 and $16,194 as of December 2015, at fair value)		172,164		164,718
With subsidiaries		5,233		3,854
Other liabilities and accrued expenses		1,584		1,547
Total liabilities		208,789		201,328
Commitments, contingencies and guarantees
Shareholders’ equity
Preferred stock		11,203		11,200
Common stock		9		9
Share-based awards		3,914		4,151
Additional paid-in capital		52,638		51,340
Retained earnings		89,039		83,386
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(1,216	)	(718)
Stock held in treasury, at cost		(68,694	)	(62,640)
Total shareholders’ equity		86,893		86,728
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity		$295,682		$288,056

Supplemental Disclosures:

Loans to and receivables from nonbank subsidiaries primarily includes overnight loans, the proceeds of which can be used to satisfy the short-term obligations of Group Inc.

As of December 2016, unsecured long-term borrowings with subsidiaries by maturity date are $3.83 billion in 2018, $90 million in 2019, $100 million in 2020, $132 million in 2021, and $1.08 billion in 2022-thereafter.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 199

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Group Inc. — Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015	2014
Cash flows from operating activities
Net earnings		$   7,398		$    6,083	$   8,477
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities:
Undistributed earnings of subsidiaries		(2,285	)	(3,506)	(5,330)
Depreciation and amortization		52		50	42
Deferred income taxes		134		86	(4)
Share-based compensation		193		178	188
Loss/(gain) related to extinguishment of junior subordinated debt		3		(34)	(289)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Financial instruments owned, at fair value		(1,580	)	(620)	6,766
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value		332		274	(252)
Other, net		(993	)	(56)	(5,793)
Net cash provided by operating activities		3,254		2,455	3,805
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of property, leasehold improvements and equipment		(79	)	(33)	(15)
Issuances of short-term loans to subsidiaries, net		(3,994	)	(24,417)	(4,099)
Issuance of term loans to subsidiaries		(28,498	)	(8,632)	(8,803)
Repayments of term loans by subsidiaries		32,265		24,196	3,979
Capital distributions from/(contributions to) subsidiaries, net		(3,265	)	(1,500)	865
Net cash used for investing activities		(3,571	)	(10,386)	(8,073)
Cash flows from financing activities
Unsecured short-term borrowings, net		2,112		(2,684)	963
Proceeds from issuance of long-term borrowings		40,708		42,795	37,101
Repayment of long-term borrowings, including the current portion		(33,314	)	(27,726)	(27,931)
Purchase of APEX, trust preferred securities and senior guaranteed trust securities		(1,171	)	(1)	(1,801)
Common stock repurchased		(6,078	)	(4,135)	(5,469)
Dividends and dividend equivalents paid on common stock, preferred stock and share-based awards		(1,706	)	(1,681)	(1,454)
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock, net of issuance costs		1,303		1,993	1,980
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, including exercise of share-based awards		6		259	123
Excess tax benefit related to share-based awards		202		407	782
Cash settlement of share-based awards		—		(2)	(1)
Net cash provided by financing activities		2,062		9,225	4,293
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		1,745		1,294	25
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning balance		1,336		42	17
Cash and cash equivalents, ending balance		$   3,081		$    1,336	$        42

Supplemental Disclosures:

Cash payments for third-party interest, net of capitalized interest, were $4.72 billion, $3.54 billion and $4.31 billion for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Cash payments for income taxes, net of refunds, were $61 million, $1.28 billion and $2.35 billion for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Cash flows related to common stock repurchased includes common stock repurchased in the prior period for which settlement occurred during the current period and excludes common stock repurchased during the current period for which settlement occurred in the following period.

Non-cash activities during the year ended December 2016:

• Group Inc. exchanged $1.04 billion of APEX for $1.31 billion of Series E and Series F Preferred Stock. See Note 19 for further information.

• Group Inc. exchanged $127 million of senior guaranteed trust securities for $124 million of Group Inc.’s junior subordinated debt.

Non-cash activities during the year ended December 2015:

• Group Inc. exchanged $262 million of Trust Preferred Securities and common beneficial interests held by Group Inc. for $296 million of Group Inc.’s junior subordinated debt.

• Group Inc. exchanged $6.12 billion in financial instruments owned, at fair value, held by Group Inc. for $5.20 billion of loans to and $918 million of equity in certain of its subsidiaries.

Non-cash activities during the year ended December 2014:

• Group Inc. exchanged $1.58 billion of Trust Preferred Securities, common beneficial interests and senior guaranteed trust securities held by Group Inc. for $1.87 billion of Group Inc.’s junior subordinated debt.

200 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Supplemental Financial Information

Quarterly Results (unaudited)

The tables below present the firm’s unaudited quarterly results for 2016 and 2015. These quarterly results were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and reflect all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the results. These adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature. The timing and magnitude of changes in the firm’s discretionary compensation accruals (included in operating expenses) can have a significant effect on results in a given quarter.

	Three Months Ended
in millions, except per share data		December 2016	September 2016		June 2016	March 2016
Non-interest revenues		$7,834	$7,554		$7,178	$  5,455
Interest income		2,424	2,389		2,530	2,348
Interest expense		2,088	1,775		1,776	1,465
Net interest income		336	614		754	883
Net revenues, including net interest income		8,170	8,168		7,932	6,338
Operating expenses		4,773	5,300		5,469	4,762
Pre-tax earnings		3,397	2,868		2,463	1,576
Provision for taxes		1,050	774		641	441
Net earnings		2,347	2,094		1,822	1,135
Preferred stock dividends		194	(6	)	188	(65	)
Net earnings applicable to common shareholders		$2,153	$2,100		$1,634	$  1,200
Earnings per common share:
Basic		$  5.17	$  4.96		$  3.77	$    2.71
Diluted		5.08	4.88		3.72	2.68
Dividends declared per common share		0.65	0.65		0.65	0.65
	Three Months Ended
in millions, except per share data		December 2015	September 2015		June 2015	March 2015
Non-interest revenues		$6,573	$6,019		$8,406	$  9,758
Interest income		2,148	2,119		2,150	2,035
Interest expense		1,448	1,277		1,487	1,176
Net interest income		700	842		663	859
Net revenues, including net interest income		7,273	6,861		9,069	10,617
Operating expenses		6,201	4,815		7,343	6,683
Pre-tax earnings		1,072	2,046		1,726	3,934
Provision for taxes		307	620		678	1,090
Net earnings		765	1,426		1,048	2,844
Preferred stock dividends		191	96		132	96
Net earnings applicable to common shareholders		$   574	$1,330		$   916	$  2,748
Earnings per common share:
Basic		$  1.28	$  2.95		$  2.01	$    6.05
Diluted		1.27	2.90		1.98	5.94
Dividends declared per common share		0.65	0.65		0.65	0.60

Common Stock Price Range

The table below presents the high and low sales prices per share of the firm’s common stock.

	Year Ended December
	2016			2015			2014
		High	Low		High	Low		High	Low
First quarter		$177.50	$139.05		$195.73	$172.26		$181.13	$159.77
Second quarter		168.90	138.20		218.77	186.96		171.08	151.65
Third quarter		172.42	142.62		214.61	167.49		188.58	161.53
Fourth quarter		245.57	160.25		199.90	169.87		198.06	171.26

As of February 10, 2017, there were 8,177 holders of record of the firm’s common stock.

On February 10, 2017, the last reported sales price for the firm’s common stock on the New York Stock Exchange was $242.72 per share.

Common Stock Performance

The graph and table below compare the performance of an investment in the firm’s common stock from December 31, 2011 (the last trading day before the firm’s 2012 fiscal year) through December 31, 2016, with the S&P 500 Index and the S&P 500 Financials Index. The graph and table assume $100 was invested on December 31, 2011 in each of the firm’s common stock, the S&P 500 Index and the S&P 500 Financials Index, and the dividends were reinvested on the date of payment without payment of any commissions. The performance shown represents past performance and should not be considered an indication of future performance.

	As of December
		2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.		$100.00	$143.37	$201.84	$223.59	$210.65	$284.19
S&P 500 Index		100.00	115.99	153.54	174.54	176.93	198.07
S&P 500 Financials Index		100.00	128.74	174.56	201.06	197.92	242.95

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 201

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Supplemental Financial Information

Selected Financial Data

	Year Ended or as of December
	2016	2015	2014	2013	2012
Income statement data ($ in millions)
Non-interest revenues	$  28,021	$  30,756	$  30,481	$  30,814	$  30,283
Interest income	9,691	8,452	9,604	10,060	11,381
Interest expense	7,104	5,388	5,557	6,668	7,501
Net interest income	2,587	3,064	4,047	3,392	3,880
Net revenues, including net interest income	30,608	33,820	34,528	34,206	34,163
Compensation and benefits	11,647	12,678	12,691	12,613	12,944
Non-compensation expenses	8,657	12,364	9,480	9,856	10,012
Pre-tax earnings	$  10,304	$    8,778	$  12,357	$  11,737	$  11,207
Balance sheet data ($ in millions)
Total assets	$860,165	$861,395	$855,842	$911,124	$938,205
Deposits	124,098	97,519	82,880	70,696	69,995
Other secured financings (long-term)	8,405	10,520	7,249	7,524	8,965
Unsecured long-term borrowings	189,086	175,422	167,302	160,695	167,084
Total liabilities	773,272	774,667	773,045	832,657	862,489
Total shareholders’ equity	86,893	86,728	82,797	78,467	75,716
Common share data (in millions, except per share amounts)
Earnings per common share:
Basic	$    16.53	$    12.35	$    17.55	$    16.34	$    14.63
Diluted	16.29	12.14	17.07	15.46	14.13
Dividends declared per common share	2.60	2.55	2.25	2.05	1.77
Book value per common share	182.47	171.03	163.01	152.48	144.67
Basic shares	414.8	441.6	451.5	467.4	480.5
Average common shares:
Basic	427.4	448.9	458.9	471.3	496.2
Diluted	435.1	458.6	473.2	499.6	516.1
Selected data (unaudited)
Return on average common
shareholders’ equity	9.4%	7.4%	11.2%	11.0%	10.7%
Total staff:
Americas	18,100	19,000	17,400	16,600	16,400
Non-Americas	16,300	17,800	16,600	16,300	16,000
Total staff	34,400	36,800	34,000	32,900	32,400
Assets under supervision ($ in billions)
Asset class:
Alternative investments	$       154	$       148	$       143	$       142	$       151
Equity	266	252	236	208	153
Fixed income	601	546	516	446	411
Total long-term assets under supervision	1,021	946	895	796	715
Liquidity products	358	306	283	246	250
Total assets under supervision	$    1,379	$    1,252	$    1,178	$    1,042	$       965

In the table above:

• The impact of adopting ASU No. 2015-03 was a reduction to both total assets and total liabilities of $398 million, $383 million and $350 million as of December 2014, December 2013 and December 2012, respectively. See Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements for further information about ASU No. 2015-03.

• Basic shares represent common shares outstanding and restricted stock units granted to employees with no future service requirements.

Statistical Disclosures

Distribution of Assets, Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity

The tables below present a summary of average balances and interest rates. Assets, liabilities and interest are classified as U.S. and non-U.S. based on the location of the legal entity in which the assets and liabilities are held.

	Average Balance for the Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016	2015	2014
Assets
U.S.		$  89,804	$  60,501	$  56,606
Non-U.S.		15,670	14,898	17,320
Total deposits with banks		105,474	75,399	73,926
U.S.		177,930	193,512	206,994
Non-U.S.		129,150	111,168	108,766
Total securities borrowed, securities purchased under agreements to resell and federal funds sold		307,080	304,680	315,760
U.S.		147,862	167,727	192,089
Non-U.S.		102,387	97,152	101,163
Total financial instruments owned, at fair value		250,249	264,879	293,252
U.S.		43,367	34,521	21,459
Non-U.S.		4,609	2,440	966
Total loans receivable		47,976	36,961	22,425
U.S.		37,525	41,022	47,930
Non-U.S.		32,732	45,235	43,131
Total other interest-earning assets		70,257	86,257	91,061
Total interest-earning assets		781,036	768,176	796,424
Cash and due from banks		13,985	13,803	8,642
Other non-interest-earning assets		91,875	91,970	89,195
Total assets		$886,896	$873,949	$894,261
Liabilities
U.S.		$  97,255	$  73,063	$  62,595
Non-U.S.		17,605	13,885	10,569
Total interest-bearing deposits		114,860	86,948	73,164
U.S.		52,388	59,885	79,517
Non-U.S.		31,936	29,777	52,394
Total securities loaned and securities sold under agreements to repurchase		84,324	89,662	131,911
U.S.		36,273	36,609	39,708
Non-U.S.		35,797	36,066	42,511
Total financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value		72,070	72,675	82,219
U.S.		43,684	42,743	45,841
Non-U.S.		13,656	14,447	18,751
Total short-term borrowings		57,340	57,190	64,592
U.S.		182,808	172,160	164,568
Non-U.S.		10,488	8,843	7,201
Total long-term borrowings		193,296	181,003	171,769
U.S.		147,177	156,248	153,600
Non-U.S.		59,852	62,672	62,311
Total other interest-bearing liabilities		207,029	218,920	215,911
Total interest-bearing liabilities		728,919	706,398	739,566
Non-interest-bearing deposits		2,996	1,986	799
Other non-interest-bearing liabilities		68,323	79,251	73,057
Total liabilities		800,238	787,635	813,422
Shareholders’ equity
Preferred stock		11,304	10,585	8,585
Common stock		75,354	75,729	72,254
Total shareholders’ equity		86,658	86,314	80,839
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity		$886,896	$873,949	$894,261
Percentage of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities attributable to non-U.S. operations
Assets		36.43%	35.26%	34.07%
Liabilities		23.23%	23.46%	26.20%

202 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Supplemental Financial Information

	Interest for the Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015		2014
Assets
U.S.		$   382		$    143		$    146
Non-U.S.		70		98		81
Total deposits with banks		452		241		227
U.S.		361		(369	)	(511	)
Non-U.S.		330		386		433
Total securities borrowed, securities purchased under agreements to resell and federal funds sold		691		17		(78	)
U.S.		3,762		4,083		5,130
Non-U.S.		1,682		1,779		2,407
Total financial instruments owned, at fair value		5,444		5,862		7,537
U.S.		1,620		1,101		650
Non-U.S.		223		90		58
Total loans receivable		1,843		1,191		708
U.S.		914		754		723
Non-U.S.		347		387		487
Total other interest-earning assets		1,261		1,141		1,210
Total interest-earning assets		$9,691		$ 8,452		$ 9,604
Liabilities
U.S.		$   780		$    354		$    286
Non-U.S.		98		54		47
Total interest-bearing deposits		878		408		333
U.S.		325		221		206
Non-U.S.		117		109		225
Total securities loaned and securities sold under agreements to repurchase		442		330		431
U.S.		607		644		828
Non-U.S.		644		675		913
Total financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value		1,251		1,319		1,741
U.S.		401		401		413
Non-U.S.		45		28		34
Total short-term borrowings		446		429		447
U.S.		4,175		3,722		3,327
Non-U.S.		67		156		133
Total long-term borrowings		4,242		3,878		3,460
U.S.		(658	)	(1,378	)	(1,222	)
Non-U.S.		503		402		367
Total other interest-bearing liabilities		(155	)	(976	)	(855	)
Total interest-bearing liabilities		$7,104		$ 5,388		$ 5,557
Net interest income
U.S.		$1,409		$ 1,748		$ 2,300
Non-U.S.		1,178		1,316		1,747
Net interest income		$2,587		$ 3,064		$ 4,047

	Average Rate for the Year Ended December
		2016	2015	2014
Assets
U.S.		0.43%	0.24%	0.26%
Non-U.S.		0.45%	0.66%	0.47%
Total deposits with banks		0.43%	0.32%	0.31%
U.S.		0.20%	(0.19)%	(0.25)%
Non-U.S.		0.26%	0.35%	0.40%
Total securities borrowed, securities purchased under agreements to resell and federal funds sold		0.23%	0.01%	(0.02)%
U.S.		2.54%	2.43%	2.67%
Non-U.S.		1.64%	1.83%	2.38%
Total financial instruments owned, at fair value		2.18%	2.21%	2.57%
U.S.		3.74%	3.19%	3.03%
Non-U.S.		4.84%	3.69%	6.00%
Total loans receivable		3.84%	3.22%	3.16%
U.S.		2.44%	1.84%	1.51%
Non-U.S.		1.06%	0.86%	1.13%
Total other interest-earning assets		1.79%	1.32%	1.33%
Total interest-earning assets		1.24%	1.10%	1.21%
Liabilities
U.S.		0.80%	0.48%	0.46%
Non-U.S.		0.56%	0.39%	0.44%
Total interest-bearing deposits		0.76%	0.47%	0.46%
U.S.		0.62%	0.37%	0.26%
Non-U.S.		0.37%	0.37%	0.43%
Total securities loaned and securities sold under agreements to repurchase		0.52%	0.37%	0.33%
U.S.		1.67%	1.76%	2.09%
Non-U.S.		1.80%	1.87%	2.15%
Total financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value		1.74%	1.81%	2.12%
U.S.		0.92%	0.94%	0.90%
Non-U.S.		0.33%	0.19%	0.18%
Total short-term borrowings		0.78%	0.75%	0.69%
U.S.		2.28%	2.16%	2.02%
Non-U.S.		0.64%	1.76%	1.85%
Total long-term borrowings		2.19%	2.14%	2.01%
U.S.		(0.45)%	(0.88)%	(0.80)%
Non-U.S.		0.84%	0.64%	0.59%
Total other interest-bearing liabilities		(0.07)%	(0.45)%	(0.40)%
Total interest-bearing liabilities		0.97%	0.76%	0.75%
Interest rate spread		0.27%	0.34%	0.46%
U.S.		0.28%	0.35%	0.44%
Non-U.S.		0.41%	0.49%	0.64%
Net yield on interest-earning assets		0.33%	0.40%	0.51%

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 203

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Supplemental Financial Information

In the tables above:

• Derivative instruments and commodities are included in other non-interest-earning assets and other non-interest-bearing liabilities.

• Total other interest-earning assets primarily consists of certain receivables from customers and counterparties.

• Substantially all of the total other interest-bearing liabilities consists of certain payables to customers and counterparties.

• Interest rates for borrowings include the effects of interest rate swaps accounted for as hedges.

• The impact of adopting ASU No. 2015-03 was a reduction to both average total assets and average total liabilities of $402 million for the year ended December 2014. See Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements for further information about this ASU.

• In December 2016, the firm reclassified amounts related to cash and securities segregated for regulatory and other purposes that were previously included in total other interest-earning assets to total deposits with banks, total securities borrowed, securities purchased under agreements to resell and federal funds sold, and total financial instruments owned, at fair value. The firm also reclassified amounts related to cash segregated for regulatory and other purposes that were previously included in other non-interest-earnings assets to cash and due from banks. Previously reported amounts have been conformed to the current presentation. See Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements for further information about this reclassification.

Changes in Net Interest Income, Volume and Rate Analysis

The tables below present an analysis of the effect on net interest income of volume and rate changes. In this analysis, changes due to volume/rate variance have been allocated to volume.

	Year Ended December 2016 versus December 2015
	Increase (decrease) due to change in:
$ in millions		Volume		Rate		Net Change
Interest-earning assets
U.S.		$ 125		$   114		$   239
Non-U.S.		3		(31	)	(28	)
Total deposits with banks		128		83		211
U.S.		(32	)	762		730
Non-U.S.		46		(102	)	(56	)
Total securities borrowed, securities purchased under agreements to resell and federal funds sold		14		660		674
U.S.		(505	)	184		(321	)
Non-U.S.		86		(183	)	(97	)
Total financial instruments owned, at fair value		(419	)	1		(418	)
U.S.		330		189		519
Non-U.S.		105		28		133
Total loans receivable		435		217		652
U.S.		(85	)	245		160
Non-U.S.		(133	)	93		(40	)
Total other interest-earning assets		(218	)	338		120
Change in interest income		(60	)	1,299		1,239
Interest-bearing liabilities
U.S.		194		232		426
Non-U.S.		21		23		44
Total interest-bearing deposits		215		255		470
U.S.		(47	)	151		104
Non-U.S.		8		—		8
Total securities loaned and securities sold under agreements to repurchase		(39	)	151		112
U.S.		(6	)	(31	)	(37	)
Non-U.S.		(5	)	(26	)	(31	)
Total financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value		(11	)	(57	)	(68	)
U.S.		9		(9	)	—
Non-U.S.		(3	)	20		17
Total short-term borrowings		6		11		17
U.S.		243		210		453
Non-U.S.		11		(100	)	(89	)
Total long-term borrowings		254		110		364
U.S.		41		679		720
Non-U.S.		(24	)	125		101
Total other interest-bearing liabilities		17		804		821
Change in interest expense		442		1,274		1,716
Change in net interest income		$(502	)	$     25		$ (477	)

204 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Supplemental Financial Information

	Year Ended December 2015 versus December 2014
	Increase (decrease) due to change in:
$ in millions		Volume		Rate		Net Change
Interest-earning assets
U.S.		$     9		$     (12	)	$       (3	)
Non-U.S.		(16	)	33		17
Total deposits with banks		(7	)	21		14
U.S.		26		116		142
Non-U.S.		8		(55	)	(47	)
Total securities borrowed, securities purchased under agreements to resell and federal funds sold		34		61		95
U.S.		(593	)	(454	)	(1,047	)
Non-U.S.		(73	)	(555	)	(628	)
Total financial instruments owned, at fair value		(666	)	(1,009	)	(1,675	)
U.S.		416		35		451
Non-U.S.		54		(22	)	32
Total loans receivable		470		13		483
U.S.		(127	)	158		31
Non-U.S.		18		(118	)	(100	)
Total other interest-earning assets		(109	)	40		(69	)
Change in interest income		(278	)	(874	)	(1,152	)
Interest-bearing liabilities
U.S.		51		17		68
Non-U.S.		13		(6	)	7
Total interest-bearing deposits		64		11		75
U.S.		(72	)	87		15
Non-U.S.		(83	)	(33	)	(116	)
Total securities loaned and securities sold under agreements to repurchase		(155	)	54		(101	)
U.S.		(55	)	(129	)	(184	)
Non-U.S.		(121	)	(117	)	(238	)
Total financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value		(176	)	(246	)	(422	)
U.S.		(29	)	17		(12	)
Non-U.S.		(8	)	2		(6	)
Total short-term borrowings		(37	)	19		(18	)
U.S.		164		231		395
Non-U.S.		29		(6	)	23
Total long-term borrowings		193		225		418
U.S.		(23	)	(133	)	(156	)
Non-U.S.		2		33		35
Total other interest-bearing liabilities		(21	)	(100	)	(121	)
Change in interest expense		(132	)	(37	)	(169	)
Change in net interest income		$(146	)	$   (837	)	$   (983	)

Deposits

The table below presents a summary of the firm’s interest-bearing deposits.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016	2015	2014
Average balances
U.S.
Savings and demand		$  59,357	$44,486	$41,785
Time		37,898	28,577	20,810
Total U.S.		97,255	73,063	62,595
Non-U.S.
Demand		8,041	5,703	4,571
Time		9,564	8,182	5,998
Total Non-U.S.		17,605	13,885	10,569
Total		$114,860	$86,948	$73,164
Average interest rates
U.S.
Savings and demand		0.56%	0.27%	0.23%
Time		1.18%	0.83%	0.91%
Total U.S.		0.80%	0.48%	0.46%
Non-U.S.
Demand		0.29%	0.19%	0.18%
Time		0.78%	0.53%	0.65%
Total Non-U.S.		0.56%	0.39%	0.44%
Total		0.76%	0.47%	0.46%

As of December 2016, deposits in U.S. and non-U.S. offices include $2.56 billion and $8.53 billion, respectively, of time deposits that were greater than $100,000. The table below presents maturities of these time deposits held in U.S. offices.

$ in millions	As of December 2016
3 months or less	$   687
3 to 6 months	891
6 to 12 months	386
Greater than 12 months	597
Total U.S. time deposits greater than $100,000	$2,561

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 205

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Supplemental Financial Information

Short-Term and Other Borrowed Funds

The table below presents a summary of the firm’s securities loaned and securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and short-term borrowings. These borrowings generally mature within one year of the financial statement date and include borrowings that are redeemable at the option of the holder within one year of the financial statement date.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015	2014
Securities loaned and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
Amounts outstanding at year-end		$79,340	$89,683	$  93,785
Average outstanding during the year		84,324	89,662	131,911
Maximum month-end outstanding		89,142	97,466	178,049
Weighted average interest rate
During the year		0.52%	0.37%	0.33%
At year-end		0.44%	0.39%	0.31%
Short-term borrowings
Amounts outstanding at year-end		$52,383	$57,020	$  60,099
Average outstanding during the year		57,340	57,190	64,592
Maximum month-end outstanding		61,840	60,522	68,570
Weighted average interest rate
During the year		0.78%	0.75%	0.69%
At year-end		0.94%	0.80%	0.68%

In the table above:

• Amounts outstanding at year-end for short-term borrowings includes short-term secured financings of $13.12 billion, $14.23 billion and $15.56 billion as of December 2016, December 2015 and December 2014, respectively.

• The weighted average interest rates for these borrowings include the effect of hedging activities.

Loan Portfolio

The table below presents a summary of the firm’s loans receivable. Loans receivable are classified as U.S. and non-U.S. based on the location of the legal entity in which such loans are held.

	As of December
$ in millions	2016	2015	2014	2013	2012
U.S.
Corporate loans	$23,821	$19,909	$14,020	$  6,910	$2,187
Loans to private wealth management clients	12,386	12,824	10,989	6,545	4,057
Loans backed by:
Commercial real estate	2,813	3,186	1,876	727	245
Residential real estate	3,777	2,187	311	—	—
Other loans	2,872	3,495	821	—	—
Total U.S.	45,669	41,601	28,017	14,182	6,489
Non-U.S.
Corporate loans	1,016	831	290	131	—
Loans to private wealth management clients	1,442	1,137	300	13	14
Loans backed by:
Commercial real estate	1,948	2,085	549	708	—
Residential real estate	88	129	10	—	—
Other loans	18	38	—	—	—
Total non-U.S.	4,512	4,220	1,149	852	14
Total loans receivable, gross	50,181	45,821	29,166	15,034	6,503
Allowance for loan losses
U.S.	476	381	205	115	24
Non-U.S.	33	33	23	24	—
Total allowance for loan losses	509	414	228	139	24
Total loans receivable	$49,672	$45,407	$28,938	$14,895	$6,479

Allowance for Loan Losses

The table below presents changes in the allowance for loan losses. In the table below, provisions and allowance for loan losses primarily relate to corporate loans and loans extended to private wealth management clients that are held in legal entities located in the U.S.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016		2015		2014		2013	2012
Allowance for loan losses
Beginning balance		$414		$228		$139		$  24	$  8
Charge-offs		(8	)	(1	)	(3	)	—	—
Provision for loan losses		138		187		92		115	16
Other		(35	)	—		—		—	—
Ending balance		$509		$414		$228		$139	$24

206 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Supplemental Financial Information

Maturities and Sensitivity to Changes in Interest Rates

The table below presents the firm’s gross loans receivable by tenor and a distribution of such loans receivable between fixed and floating interest rates.

	Maturities and Sensitivity to Changes in Interest Rates as of December 2016
$ in millions		Less than 1 year	1 - 5 years	Greater than 5 years	Total
U.S.
Corporate loans		$  2,213	$16,853	$4,755	$23,821
Loans to private wealth management clients		9,701	2,685	—	12,386
Loans backed by:
Commercial real estate		59	2,386	368	2,813
Residential real estate		588	567	2,622	3,777
Other loans		157	1,568	1,147	2,872
Total U.S.		12,718	24,059	8,892	45,669
Non-U.S.
Corporate loans		101	723	192	1,016
Loans to private wealth management clients		1,442	—	—	1,442
Loans backed by:
Commercial real estate		25	1,864	59	1,948
Residential real estate		—	88	—	88
Other loans		—	18	—	18
Total non-U.S.		1,568	2,693	251	4,512
Total loans receivable, gross		$14,286	$26,752	$9,143	$50,181
Loans at fixed interest rates		$       35	$  1,752	$2,374	$  4,161
Loans at variable interest rates		14,251	25,000	6,769	46,020
Total		$14,286	$26,752	$9,143	$50,181

Cross-border Outstandings

Cross-border outstandings are based on the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council’s (FFIEC) guidelines for reporting cross-border information and represent the amounts that the firm may not be able to obtain from a foreign country due to country-specific events, including unfavorable economic and political conditions, economic and social instability, and changes in government policies.

Credit exposure represents the potential for loss due to the default or deterioration in credit quality of a counterparty or an issuer of securities or other instruments the firm holds and is measured based on the potential loss in an event of non-payment by a counterparty. Credit exposure is reduced through the effect of risk mitigants, such as netting agreements with counterparties that permit the firm to offset receivables and payables with such counterparties or obtaining collateral from counterparties. The table below does not include all the effects of such risk mitigants and does not represent the firm’s credit exposure.

The table below presents cross-border outstandings and commitments for each country in which cross-border outstandings exceed 0.75% of consolidated assets in accordance with the FFIEC guidelines and include cash, receivables, securities purchased under agreements to resell, securities borrowed and cash financial instruments, but exclude derivative instruments. Securities purchased under agreements to resell and securities borrowed are presented gross, without reduction for related securities collateral held. Margin loans (included in receivables) are presented based on the amount of collateral advanced by the counterparty. Substantially all commitments in the tables below consist of commitments to extend credit and forward starting resale and securities borrowing agreements. Beginning in December 2016, securities purchased under agreements to resell and securities borrowed transactions with agency lenders are presented based on the country of the underlying counterparty rather than the country of the agency lender. Amounts as of December 2015 and December 2014 have been conformed to the current presentation.

$ in millions	Banks	Governments	Other	Total	Commitments
As of December 2016
Cayman Islands	$         3	$       —	$34,756	$34,759	$  2,519
France	6,333	1,858	18,576	26,767	9,598
Germany	3,183	14,061	9,250	26,494	7,281
Japan	9,860	721	6,310	16,891	7,476
Italy	3,220	3,211	1,608	8,039	1,228
Canada	814	333	6,164	7,311	1,279
China	1,189	158	5,662	7,009	—
Singapore	190	6,165	505	6,860	97
South Korea	107	3,563	2,847	6,517	4
As of December 2015
Cayman Islands	$         1	$       —	$39,602	$39,603	$  3,046
France	5,596	2,904	23,853	32,353	4,795
Japan	10,254	297	11,648	22,199	9,684
Germany	4,080	7,969	8,497	20,546	5,008
Italy	4,326	3,691	2,647	10,664	2,634
Canada	1,173	310	8,642	10,125	1,404
U.K.	2,170	42	7,138	9,350	15,075
China	2,189	424	6,068	8,681	111
Singapore	192	7,462	502	8,156	14
South Korea	79	5,545	1,914	7,538	2
As of December 2014
Cayman Islands	$         2	$       —	$35,828	$35,830	$  2,658
Japan	13,931	375	19,649	33,955	11,413
France	4,730	4,932	18,289	27,951	12,214
Germany	5,362	5,252	10,647	21,261	4,631
China	2,474	6,221	4,984	13,679	6
Singapore	179	9,518	485	10,182	23
South Korea	528	7,550	1,791	9,869	—
Italy	3,331	4,198	2,215	9,744	783
U.K.	1,870	282	5,996	8,148	11,755
Canada	1,201	1,102	5,465	7,768	1,519
Mexico	52	6,162	594	6,808	103
Netherlands	1,588	123	5,071	6,782	1,890

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 207

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Item 9.    Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

There were no changes in or disagreements with accountants on accounting and financial disclosure during the last two years.

Item 9A.    Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was carried out by Goldman Sachs’ management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report. In addition, no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the fourth quarter of our year ended December 31, 2016 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting and the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm are set forth in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Item 9B.    Other Information

Not applicable.

PART III

Item 10.    Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Information relating to our executive officers is included on page 45 of this Form 10-K. Information relating to our directors, including our audit committee and audit committee financial experts and the procedures by which shareholders can recommend director nominees, and our executive officers will be in our definitive Proxy Statement for our 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which will be filed within 120 days of the end of 2016 (2017 Proxy Statement) and is incorporated herein by reference. Information relating to our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, which applies to our senior financial officers, is included under “Available Information” in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-K.

Item 11.    Executive Compensation

Information relating to our executive officer and director compensation and the compensation committee of the Board will be in the 2017 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 12.    Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

Information relating to security ownership of certain beneficial owners of our common stock and information relating to the security ownership of our management will be in the 2017 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

208 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

The following table provides information as of December 31, 2016 regarding securities to be issued on exercise of outstanding stock options or pursuant to outstanding restricted stock units and securities remaining available for issuance under our equity compensation plans that were in effect during 2016.

Plan Category	Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options and Rights (a)	Weighted Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options (b)	Securities Remaining Available For Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans (c)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders	35,785,180	$123.36	72,991,954
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders	—	—	—
Total	35,785,180		72,991,954

In the table above:

• Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options and Rights includes: (i) 7,961,188 shares of common stock that may be issued upon exercise of outstanding options and (ii) 27,823,992 shares that may be issued pursuant to outstanding restricted stock units. These awards are subject to vesting and other conditions to the extent set forth in the respective award agreements, and the underlying shares will be delivered net of any required tax withholding.

• The Weighted Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options relates only to the options described above. Shares underlying restricted stock units are deliverable without the payment of any consideration, and therefore these awards have not been taken into account in calculating the weighted average exercise price.

• Securities Remaining Available For Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans represents shares remaining to be issued under our current stock incentive plan (SIP), excluding shares reflected in column (a). If any shares of common stock underlying awards granted under our current SIP or our SIP adopted in 2013 are not delivered due to forfeiture, termination or cancellation or are surrendered or withheld, those shares will again become available to be delivered under our current SIP. Shares available for grant are also subject to adjustment for certain changes in corporate structure as permitted under our current SIP.

Item 13.    Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

Information regarding certain relationships and related transactions and director independence will be in the 2017 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 14.    Principal Accounting Fees and Services

Information regarding principal accounting fees and services will be in the 2017 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

(a) Documents filed as part of this Report:

1. Consolidated Financial Statements

The consolidated financial statements required to be filed in this Form 10-K are included in Part II, Item 8 hereof.

2. Exhibits

2.1	Plan of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to the corresponding exhibit to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-74449)).
3.1	Restated Certificate of Incorporation of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., amended as of August 2, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2016).
3.2	Amended and Restated By-Laws of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., amended as of February 18, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015).
4.1	Indenture, dated as of May 19, 1999, between The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. and The Bank of New York, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 6 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A, filed on June 29, 1999).

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 209

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

4.2	Subordinated Debt Indenture, dated as of February 20, 2004, between The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. and The Bank of New York, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 28, 2003).
4.3	Warrant Indenture, dated as of February 14, 2006, between The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. and The Bank of New York, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.34 to the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 3 to Form S-3, filed on March 1, 2006).
4.4	Senior Debt Indenture, dated as of December 4, 2007, among GS Finance Corp., as issuer, The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., as guarantor, and The Bank of New York, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.69 to the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 10 to Form S-3, filed on December 4, 2007).
4.5	Senior Debt Indenture, dated as of July 16, 2008, between The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.82 to the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 11 to Form S-3 (No. 333-130074), filed on July 17, 2008).
4.6	Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of December 31, 2016, between The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee, with respect to the Senior Debt Indenture, dated as of July 16, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on January 6, 2017).
4.7	Senior Debt Indenture, dated as of October 10, 2008, among GS Finance Corp., as issuer, The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., as guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.70 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-154173), filed on October 10, 2008).
4.8	First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February 20, 2015, among GS Finance Corp., as issuer, The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., as guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee, with respect to the Senior Debt Indenture, dated as of October 10, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014).

4.9	Ninth Supplemental Subordinated Debt Indenture, dated as of May 20, 2015, between The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee, with respect to the Subordinated Debt Indenture, dated as of February 20, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on May 22, 2015).
	Certain instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt securities of the Registrant and its subsidiaries are omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(4)(iii) of Regulation S-K. The Registrant hereby undertakes to furnish to the SEC, upon request, copies of any such instruments.
10.1	The Goldman Sachs Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (2015) (incorporated by reference to Annex B to the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed on April 10, 2015). †
10.2	The Goldman Sachs Amended and Restated Restricted Partner Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended February 24, 2006). †
10.3	Form of Employment Agreement for Participating Managing Directors (applicable to executive officers) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-75213)). †
10.4	Form of Agreement Relating to Noncompetition and Other Covenants (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-75213)). †
10.5	Tax Indemnification Agreement, dated as of May 7, 1999, by and among The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. and various parties (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-75213)).
10.6	Amended and Restated Shareholders’ Agreement, effective as of January 15, 2015, among The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. and various parties (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014).
10.7	Instrument of Indemnification (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-75213)).

210 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

10.8	Form of Indemnification Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 26, 1999).
10.9	Form of Indemnification Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.44 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 26, 1999).
10.10	Form of Indemnification Agreement, dated as of July 5, 2000 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended August 25, 2000).
10.11	Amendment No. 1, dated as of September 5, 2000, to the Tax Indemnification Agreement, dated as of May 7, 1999 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended August 25, 2000).
10.12	Letter, dated February 6, 2001, from The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. to Mr. James A. Johnson (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.65 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 24, 2000). †
10.13	Letter, dated December 18, 2002, from The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. to Mr. William W. George (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.39 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 29, 2002). †
10.14	Form of Amendment, dated November 27, 2004, to Agreement Relating to Noncompetition and Other Covenants, dated May 7, 1999 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 26, 2004). †
10.15	The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan for U.S. Participating Managing Directors (terminated as of December 15, 2008) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.36 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2007). †
10.16	Form of Year-End Option Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.36 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 28, 2008). †

10.17	Form of Non-Employee Director Option Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009). †
10.18	Form of Non-Employee Director RSU Award Agreement (pre-2015) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014). †
10.19	Ground Lease, dated August 23, 2005, between Battery Park City Authority d/b/a/ Hugh L. Carey Battery Park City Authority, as Landlord, and Goldman Sachs Headquarters LLC, as Tenant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on August 26, 2005).
10.20	General Guarantee Agreement, dated January 30, 2006, made by The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. relating to certain obligations of Goldman, Sachs & Co. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.45 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 25, 2005).
10.21	Goldman, Sachs & Co. Executive Life Insurance Policy and Certificate with Metropolitan Life Insurance Company for Participating Managing Directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended August 25, 2006). †
10.22	Form of Goldman, Sachs & Co. Executive Life Insurance Policy with Pacific Life & Annuity Company for Participating Managing Directors, including policy specifications and form of restriction on Policy Owner’s Rights (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended August 25, 2006). †
10.23	Form of Second Amendment, dated November 25, 2006, to Agreement Relating to Noncompetition and Other Covenants, dated May 7, 1999, as amended effective November 27, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.51 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 24, 2006). †
10.24	Description of PMD Retiree Medical Program (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended February 29, 2008). †

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 211

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

10.25	Letter, dated June 28, 2008, from The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. to Mr. Lakshmi N. Mittal (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on June 30, 2008). †
10.26	General Guarantee Agreement, dated December 1, 2008, made by The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. relating to certain obligations of Goldman Sachs Bank USA (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.80 to the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to Form S-3, filed on March 19, 2009).
10.27	Form of One-Time RSU Award Agreement (pre-2015) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014). †
10.28	Amendments to Certain Non-Employee Director Equity Award Agreements (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.69 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 28, 2008). †
10.29	Form of Year-End RSU Award Agreement (not fully vested) (pre-2015) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.36 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014). †
10.30	Form of Year-End RSU Award Agreement (fully vested) (pre-2015) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.37 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014). †
10.31	Form of Year-End RSU Award Agreement (Base and/or Supplemental) (pre-2015) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.38 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014). †
10.32	Form of Year-End Short-Term RSU Award Agreement (pre-2015) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.39 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014). †
10.33	Form of Year-End Restricted Stock Award Agreement (fully vested) (pre-2015) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.41 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013). †
10.34	Form of Year-End Restricted Stock Award Agreement (Base and/or Supplemental) (pre-2015) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.41 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014). †

10.35	Form of Year-End Short-Term Restricted Stock Award Agreement (pre-2015) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.42 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014). †
10.36	Form of Fixed Allowance RSU Award Agreement (pre-2015) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.43 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014). †
10.37	Form of Deed of Gift (incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2010). †
10.38	The Goldman Sachs Long-Term Performance Incentive Plan, dated December 17, 2010 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on December 23, 2010). †
10.39	Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (pre-2015) (incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on December 23, 2010). †
10.40	Form of Performance-Based Option Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on December 23, 2010). †
10.41	Form of Performance-Based Cash Compensation Award Agreement (pre-2015) (incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on December 23, 2010). †
10.42	Amended and Restated General Guarantee Agreement, dated November 21, 2011, made by The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. relating to certain obligations of Goldman Sachs Bank USA (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on November 21, 2011).
10.43	Form of Aircraft Time Sharing Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.61 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011). †
10.44	Description of Compensation Arrangements with Executive Officer (incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2012). †
10.45	The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. Clawback Policy, effective as of January 1, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.53 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014).

212 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

10.46	Form of Non-Employee Director RSU Award Agreement. †
10.47	Form of One-Time RSU Award Agreement. †
10.48	Form of Year-End RSU Award Agreement (not fully vested). †
10.49	Form of Year-End RSU Award Agreement (fully vested). †
10.50	Form of Year-End RSU Award Agreement (Base and/or Supplemental). †
10.51	Form of Year-End Short-Term RSU Award Agreement. †
10.52	Form of Year-End Restricted Stock Award Agreement (not fully vested) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.55 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015). †
10.53	Form of Year-End Restricted Stock Award Agreement (fully vested) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.56 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015). †
10.54	Form of Year-End Short-Term Restricted Stock Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.57 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015). †
10.55	Form of Fixed Allowance RSU Award Agreement. †
10.56	Form of Fixed Allowance Restricted Stock Award Agreement. †
10.57	Form of Fixed Allowance Deferred Cash Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.59 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015). †
10.58	Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement. †
10.59	Form of Performance-Based Cash Compensation Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.61 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015). †
10.60	Form of Signature Card for Equity Awards. †
12.1	Statement re: Computation of Ratios of Earnings to Fixed Charges and Ratios of Earnings to Combined Fixed Charges and Preferred Stock Dividends.

21.1	List of significant subsidiaries of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.
23.1	Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
31.1	Rule 13a-14(a) Certifications.
32.1	Section 1350 Certifications (This information is furnished and not filed for purposes of Sections 11 and 12 of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934).
99.1	Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Selected Financial Data.
99.2	Debt and trust securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act.
101	Interactive data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T: (i) the Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the years ended December 31, 2016, December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2016, December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2016, December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2016, December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, and (vi) the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
	†  This exhibit is a management contract or a compensatory plan or arrangement.

Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K 213

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.
By:	/s/	Harvey M. Schwartz
Name:		Harvey M. Schwartz
Title:		President and Co-Chief Operating Officer; Chief Financial Officer
Date:		February 24, 2017

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

By:	/s/	Lloyd C. Blankfein
Name:		Lloyd C. Blankfein
Capacity:		Director, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Date:		February 24, 2017
By:	/s/	M. Michele Burns
Name:		M. Michele Burns
Capacity:		Director
Date:		February 24, 2017
By:	/s/	Mark A. Flaherty
Name:		Mark A. Flaherty
Capacity:		Director
Date:		February 24, 2017
By:	/s/	William W. George
Name:		William W. George
Capacity:		Director
Date:		February 24, 2017
By:	/s/	James A. Johnson
Name:		James A. Johnson
Capacity:		Director
Date:		February 24, 2017
By:	/s/	Ellen J. Kullman
Name:		Ellen J. Kullman
Capacity:		Director
Date:		February 24, 2017

By:	/s/	Lakshmi N. Mittal
Name:		Lakshmi N. Mittal
Capacity:		Director
Date:		February 24, 2017
By:	/s/	Adebayo O. Ogunlesi
Name:		Adebayo O. Ogunlesi
Capacity:		Director
Date:		February 24, 2017
By:	/s/	Peter Oppenheimer
Name:		Peter Oppenheimer
Capacity:		Director
Date:		February 24, 2017
By:	/s/	Debora L. Spar
Name:		Debora L. Spar
Capacity:		Director
Date:		February 24, 2017
By:	/s/	Mark E. Tucker
Name:		Mark E. Tucker
Capacity:		Director
Date:		February 24, 2017
By:	/s/	David A. Viniar
Name:		David A. Viniar
Capacity:		Director
Date:		February 24, 2017
By:	/s/	Mark O. Winkelman
Name:		Mark O. Winkelman
Capacity:		Director
Date:		February 24, 2017
By:	/s/	Harvey M. Schwartz
Name:		Harvey M. Schwartz
Capacity:		President and Co-Chief Operating Officer; Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
Date:		February 24, 2017
By:	/s/	Sarah E. Smith
Name:		Sarah E. Smith
Capacity:		Principal Accounting Officer
Date:		February 24, 2017

214 Goldman Sachs 2016 Form 10-K

EX-10.46

EXHIBIT 10.46

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.

OUTSIDE DIRECTOR         RSU AWARD

This Award Agreement, together with The Goldman Sachs Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (2015) (the “Plan”), governs your              award of RSUs (your “Award”). You should read carefully this entire Award Agreement, which includes the Award Statement and any attached Appendix.

DOCUMENTS THAT GOVERN YOUR AWARD; DEFINITIONS

1. The Plan. Your Award is granted under the Plan, and the Plan’s terms apply to, and are a part of, this Award Agreement.

2. Your Award Statement. The Award Statement delivered to you contains some of your Award’s specific terms. For example, it contains the number of RSUs awarded to you.

3. Definitions. Capitalized terms are defined in the Definitions Appendix, which also includes terms that are defined in the Plan.

DELIVERY OF YOUR RSU SHARES

4. Delivery. RSU Shares (less applicable withholding) will be delivered in respect of your Outstanding RSUs reasonably promptly (but no more than 30 Business Days) after the Delivery Date, which will be the first Business Day in the third quarter of the Firm’s fiscal year that occurs within a Window Period in the year following the year in which you cease to be a director of the Board. Unless otherwise determined by the Committee, delivery of the RSU Shares will be effected by book-entry credit to your Account and no delivery of RSU Shares will be made unless you have timely established your Account. Until such delivery, you have only the rights of a general unsecured creditor, and no rights as a shareholder of GS Inc.

DIVIDEND EQUIVALENT RIGHTS

5. Dividend Equivalent Rights. Each RSU includes a Dividend Equivalent Right, which entitles you to receive an amount (less applicable withholding), at or after the time of distribution of any regular cash dividend paid by GS Inc. in respect of a share of Common Stock, equal to any regular cash dividend payment that would have been made in respect of an RSU Share underlying your Outstanding RSUs for any record date that occurs on or after the Date of Grant.

ACCELERATED DELIVERY

6. Accelerated Delivery in the Event of Conflicted Employment or Death. In the event of your Conflicted Employment or death, your Outstanding Award will be treated as described in this Paragraph 6, and all other terms of this Award Agreement continue to apply.

(a) You Are Determined to Have Accepted Conflicted Employment.

(i) Generally. If you accept Conflicted Employment, as soon as practicable after the Committee has received satisfactory documentation relating to your Conflicted Employment, RSU Shares will be delivered in respect of your Outstanding RSUs (including in the form of cash as described in Paragraph 7(b)).

(ii) You May Have to Take Other Steps to Address Conflicts of Interest. The Committee retains the authority to exercise its rights under the Award Agreement or the Plan (including Section 1.3.2 of the Plan) to take or require you to take other steps it determines in its sole discretion to be necessary or appropriate to cure an actual or perceived conflict of interest (which may include a determination that the accelerated delivery described in Paragraph 6(a)(i) will not apply because such actions are not necessary or appropriate to cure an actual or perceived conflict of interest).

(b) Death. If you die, the RSU Shares underlying your Outstanding RSUs will be delivered to the representative of your estate as soon as practicable after the date of death and after such documentation as may be requested by the Committee is provided to the Committee.

OTHER TERMS, CONDITIONS AND AGREEMENTS

7. Additional Terms, Conditions and Agreements.

(a) You Must Satisfy Applicable Tax Withholding Requirements. Delivery of RSU Shares is conditioned on your satisfaction of any applicable withholding taxes in accordance with Section 3.2 of the Plan, provided that the Committee may determine not to apply the minimum withholding rate specified in Section 3.2.2 of the Plan.

(b) Firm May Deliver Cash or Other Property Instead of RSU Shares. In accordance with Section 1.3.2(i) of the Plan, in the sole discretion of the Committee, in lieu of all or any portion of the RSU Shares, the Firm may deliver cash, other securities, other awards under the Plan or other property, and all references in this Award Agreement to deliveries of RSU Shares will include such deliveries of cash, other securities, other awards under the Plan or other property.

(c) Firm May Affix Legends and Place Stop Orders on RSU Shares. GS Inc. may affix to Certificates representing RSU Shares any legend that the Committee determines to be necessary or advisable. GS Inc. may advise the transfer agent to place a stop order against any legended RSU Shares.

(d) You Agree to Certain Consents. By accepting this Award, you have expressly consented to all of the items listed in Section 3.3.3(d) of the Plan, including the Firm’s supplying to any third-party recordkeeper of the Plan or other person such personal information of yours as the Committee deems advisable to administer the Plan, and you agree to provide any additional consents that the Committee determines to be necessary or advisable.

NON-TRANSFERABILITY

8. Non-transferability. Except as otherwise may be provided in this Paragraph 8 or as otherwise may be provided by the Committee, the limitations on transferability set forth in Section 3.5 of the Plan will apply to this Award. Any purported transfer or assignment in violation of the provisions of this Paragraph 8 or Section 3.5 of the Plan will be void. The Committee may adopt procedures pursuant to which you may transfer some or all of your RSUs through a gift for no consideration to any child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, sibling, niece, nephew, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law or sister-in-law, including adoptive relationships, any person sharing the recipient’s household (other than a tenant or employee), a trust in which these persons have more than 50% of the beneficial interest, and any other entity in which these persons (or the recipient) own more than 50% of the voting interests.

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GOVERNING LAW

9. Governing Law. THIS AWARD WILL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, WITHOUT REGARD TO PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICT OF LAWS.

CERTAIN TAX PROVISIONS

10. Compliance of Award Agreement and Plan with Section 409A. The provisions of this Paragraph 10 apply to you only if you are a U.S. taxpayer.

(a) This Award Agreement and the Plan provisions that apply to this Award are intended and will be construed to comply with Section 409A (including the requirements applicable to, or the conditions for exemption from treatment as, 409A Deferred Compensation), whether by reason of short-term deferral treatment or other exceptions or provisions. The Committee will have full authority to give effect to this intent. To the extent necessary to give effect to this intent, in the case of any conflict or potential inconsistency between the provisions of the Plan (including Sections 1.3.2 and 2.1 thereof) and this Award Agreement, the provisions of this Award Agreement will govern, and in the case of any conflict or potential inconsistency between this Paragraph 10 and the other provisions of this Award Agreement, this Paragraph 10 will govern.

(b) Delivery of RSU Shares will not be delayed beyond the date on which all applicable conditions or restrictions on delivery of RSU Shares required by this Agreement (including those specified in Paragraphs 4, 6(b) and 7 and the consents and other items specified in Section 3.3 of the Plan) are satisfied, and will occur by December 31 of the calendar year in which the Delivery Date occurs unless, in order to permit such conditions or restrictions to be satisfied, the Committee elects, pursuant to Reg. 1.409A-1(b)(4)(i)(D) or otherwise as may be permitted in accordance with Section 409A, to delay delivery of RSU Shares to a later date as may be permitted under Section 409A, including Regs. 1.409A-2(b)(7) (in conjunction with Section 3.21.3 of the Plan pertaining to Code Section 162(m)) and Reg. 1.409A-3(d). For the avoidance of doubt, if the Award includes a “series of installment payments” as described in Reg. 1.409A-2(b)(2)(iii), your right to the series of installment payments will be treated as a right to a series of separate payments and not as a right to a single payment.

(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of Paragraph 7(b) and Section 1.3.2(i) of the Plan, to the extent necessary to comply with Section 409A, any securities, other Awards or other property that the Firm may deliver in respect of your RSUs will not have the effect of deferring delivery or payment, income inclusion, or a substantial risk of forfeiture, beyond the date on which such delivery, payment or inclusion would occur or such risk of forfeiture would lapse, with respect to the RSU Shares that would otherwise have been deliverable (unless the Committee elects a later date for this purpose pursuant to Reg. 1.409A-1(b)(4)(i)(D) or otherwise as may be permitted under Section 409A, including and to the extent applicable, the subsequent election provisions of Section 409A(a)(4)(C) of the Code and Reg. 1.409A-2(b)).

(d) Notwithstanding the timing provisions of Paragraph 6(b), the delivery of RSU Shares referred to therein will be made after the date of death and during the calendar year that includes the date of death (or on such later date as may be permitted under Section 409A).

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(e) Notwithstanding any provision of Paragraph 5 or Section 2.8.2 of the Plan to the contrary, the Dividend Equivalent Rights with respect to each of your Outstanding RSUs will be paid to you within the calendar year that includes the date of distribution of any corresponding regular cash dividends paid by GS Inc. in respect of a share of Common Stock the record date for which occurs on or after the Date of Grant. The payment will be in an amount (less applicable withholding) equal to such regular dividend payment as would have been made in respect of the RSU Shares underlying such Outstanding RSUs.

(f) The timing of delivery or payment referred to in Paragraph 6(a)(i) will be the earlier of (i) the Delivery Date or (ii) within the calendar year in which the Committee receives satisfactory documentation relating to your Conflicted Employment, provided that such delivery or payment will be made, and any Committee action referred to in Paragraph 6(a)(i) will be taken, only at such time as, and if and to the extent that it, as reasonably determined by the Firm, would not result in the imposition of any additional tax to you under Section 409A.

(g) Section 3.4 of the Plan will not apply to Awards that are 409A Deferred Compensation except to the extent permitted under Section 409A.

(h) Delivery of RSU Shares in respect of this Award may be made, if and to the extent elected by the Committee, later than the Delivery Date or other date or period specified hereinabove (but, in the case of any Award that constitutes 409A Deferred Compensation, only to the extent that the later delivery is permitted under Section 409A).

(i) You understand and agree that you are solely responsible for the payment of any taxes and penalties due pursuant to Section 409A, but in no event will you be permitted to designate, directly or indirectly, the taxable year of the delivery.

AMENDMENT AND CONSTRUCTION

11. Amendment. The Committee reserves the right at any time to amend the terms of this Award Agreement, and the Board may amend the Plan in any respect; provided that, notwithstanding the foregoing and Sections 1.3.2(f), 1.3.2(h) and 3.1 of the Plan, no such amendment will materially adversely affect your rights and obligations under this Award Agreement without your consent; and provided further that the Committee expressly reserves the right to accelerate the delivery of the RSU Shares and in its discretion to provide that such Shares may not be transferable until the Delivery Date. A modification that impacts the tax consequences of this Award or the timing of delivery of RSU Shares will not be an amendment that materially adversely affects your rights and obligations under this Award Agreement. Any amendment of this Award Agreement will be in writing.

12. Construction, Headings. Unless the context requires otherwise, (a) words describing the singular number include the plural and vice versa, (b) words denoting any gender include all genders and (c) the words “include,” “includes” and “including” will be deemed to be followed by the words “without limitation.” The headings in this Award Agreement are for the purpose of convenience only and are not intended to define or limit the construction of the provisions hereof. References in this Award Agreement to any specific Plan provision will not be construed as limiting the applicability of any other Plan provision.

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, GS Inc. has caused this Award Agreement to be duly executed and delivered as of the Date of Grant.

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.

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DEFINITIONS APPENDIX

The following capitalized terms are used in this Award Agreement with the following meanings:

(a) “409A Deferred Compensation” means a “deferral of compensation” or “deferred compensation” as those terms are defined in the regulations under Section 409A.

The following capitalized terms are used in this Award Agreement with the meanings that are assigned to them in the Plan.

(a) “Account” means any brokerage account, custody account or similar account, as approved or required by GS Inc. from time to time, into which shares of Common Stock, cash or other property in respect of an Award are delivered.

(b) “Award Agreement” means the written document or documents by which each Award is evidenced, including any Award Statement.

(c) “Award Statement” means a written statement that reflects certain Award terms.

(d) “Board” means the Board of Directors of GS Inc.

(e) “Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in New York City are authorized or obligated by Federal law or executive order to be closed.

(f) “Committee” means the committee appointed by the Board to administer the Plan pursuant to Section 1.3, and, to the extent the Board determines it is appropriate for the compensation realized from Awards under the Plan to be considered “performance based” compensation under Section 162(m) of the Code, shall be a committee or subcommittee of the Board composed of two or more members, each of whom is an “outside director” within the meaning of Code Section 162(m), and which, to the extent the Board determines it is appropriate for Awards under the Plan to qualify for the exemption available under Rule 16b-3(d)(1) or Rule 16b-3(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act, shall be a committee or subcommittee of the Board composed of two or more members, each of whom is a “non-employee director” within the meaning of Rule 16b-3. Unless otherwise determined by the Board, the Committee shall be the Compensation Committee of the Board.

(g) “Common Stock” means common stock of GS Inc., par value $0.01 per share.

(h) “Conflicted Employment” means the Grantee’s employment at any U.S. Federal, state or local government, any non-U.S. government, any supranational or international organization, any self-regulatory organization, or any agency or instrumentality of any such government or organization, or any other employer determined by the Committee, if, as a result of such employment, the Grantee’s continued holding of any Outstanding Award would result in an actual or perceived conflict of interest.

(i) “Date of Grant” means the date specified in the Grantee’s Award Agreement as the date of grant of the Award.

(j) “Delivery Date” means each date specified in the Grantee’s Award Agreement as a delivery date, provided, unless the Committee determines otherwise, such date is during a Window Period or, if such date is not during a Window Period, the first trading day of the first Window Period beginning after such date.

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(k) “Dividend Equivalent Right” means a dividend equivalent right granted under the Plan, which represents an unfunded and unsecured promise to pay to the Grantee amounts equal to all or any portion of the regular cash dividends that would be paid on shares of Common Stock covered by an Award if such shares had been delivered pursuant to an Award.

(l) “Firm” means GS Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.

(m) “GS Inc.” means The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., and any successor thereto.

(n) “Outstanding” means any Award to the extent it has not been forfeited, cancelled, terminated, exercised or with respect to which the shares of Common Stock underlying the Award have not been previously delivered or other payments made.

(o) “RSU” means a restricted stock unit Award granted under the Plan, which represents an unfunded and unsecured promise to deliver shares of Common Stock in accordance with the terms of the RSU Award Agreement.

(p) “RSU Shares” means shares of Common Stock that underlie an RSU.

(q) “Section 409A” means Section 409A of the Code, including any amendments or successor provisions to that Section and any regulations and other administrative guidance thereunder, in each case as they, from time to time, may be amended or interpreted through further administrative guidance.

(r) “Window Period” means a period designated by the Firm during which all employees of the Firm are permitted to purchase or sell shares of Common Stock (provided that, if the Grantee is a member of a designated group of employees who are subject to different restrictions, the Window Period may be a period designated by the Firm during which an employee of the Firm in such designated group is permitted to purchase or sell shares of Common Stock).

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EX-10.47

EXHIBIT 10.47

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.

             ONE-TIME RSU AWARD

This Award Agreement, together with The Goldman Sachs Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (2015) (the “Plan”), governs your special                  one-time award of RSUs (your “Award”). You should read carefully this entire Award Agreement, which includes the Award Statement and any attached Appendix.

ACCEPTANCE

1. You Must Decide Whether to Accept this Award Agreement. To be eligible to receive your Award, you must by the date specified (a) open and activate an Account and (b) agree to all the terms of your Award by executing the related signature card in accordance with its instructions. By executing the signature card, you confirm your agreement to all of the terms of this Award Agreement, including the arbitration and choice of forum provisions in Paragraph 15.

DOCUMENTS THAT GOVERN YOUR AWARD; DEFINITIONS

2. The Plan. Your Award is granted under the Plan, and the Plan’s terms apply to, and are a part of, this Award Agreement.

3. Your Award Statement. The Award Statement delivered to you contains some of your Award’s specific terms. For example, it contains the number of RSUs awarded to you and any applicable Vesting Dates and Delivery Dates.

4. Definitions. Capitalized terms are defined in the Definitions Appendix, which also includes terms that are defined in the Plan.

VESTING OF YOUR RSUS

5. Vesting. On each Vesting Date listed on your Award Statement, you will become Vested in the amount of Outstanding RSUs listed next to that date. When an RSU becomes Vested, it means only that your continued active Employment is not required for delivery of that portion of RSU Shares. Vesting does not mean you have a non-forfeitable right to the Vested portion of your Award. The terms of this Award Agreement (including conditions to delivery) continue to apply to Vested RSUs, and you can still forfeit Vested RSUs and any RSU Shares.

DELIVERY OF YOUR RSU SHARES

6. Delivery. Reasonably promptly (but no more than 30 Business Days) after each Delivery Date listed on your Award Statement, RSU Shares (less applicable withholding as described in Paragraph 12(a)) will be delivered (by book entry credit to your Account) in respect of the amount of Outstanding RSUs listed next to that date. The Committee or the SIP Committee may select multiple dates within the 30-Business-Day period following the Delivery Date to deliver RSU Shares in respect of all or a portion of the RSUs with the same Delivery Date listed on the Award Statement, and all such dates will be treated as a single Delivery Date for purposes of this Award. Until such delivery, you have only the rights of a general unsecured creditor, and no rights as a shareholder of GS Inc. Without limiting the Committee’s authority under Section 1.3.2(h) of the Plan, the Firm may accelerate any Delivery Date by up to 30 days.

DIVIDENDS

7. Dividend Equivalent Rights and Dividends. Each RSU includes a Dividend Equivalent Right, which entitles you to receive an amount (less applicable withholding), at or after the time of distribution of any regular cash dividend paid by GS Inc. in respect of a share of Common Stock, equal to any regular cash dividend payment that would have been made in respect of an RSU Share underlying your Outstanding RSUs for any record date that occurs on or after the Date of Grant.

FORFEITURE OF YOUR AWARD

8. How You May Forfeit Your Award. This Paragraph 8 sets forth the events that result in forfeiture of up to all of your RSUs and may require repayment to the Firm of up to all other amounts previously delivered or paid to you under your Award in accordance with Paragraph 9. More than one event may apply, and in no case will the occurrence of one event limit the forfeiture and repayment obligations as a result of the occurrence of any other event. In addition, the Firm reserves the right to (a) suspend vesting of Outstanding RSUs or delivery of RSU Shares, (b) deliver any RSU Shares into an escrow account in accordance with Paragraph 12(f)(v) or (c) apply Transfer Restrictions to any RSU Shares in connection with any investigation of whether any of the events that result in forfeiture under the Plan or this Paragraph 8 have occurred. Paragraph 10 (relating to certain circumstances under which you will not forfeit your unvested RSUs upon Employment termination) and Paragraph 11 (relating to certain circumstances under which vesting and/or delivery may be accelerated) provide for exceptions to one or more provisions of this Paragraph 8.

(a) Unvested RSUs Forfeited if Your Employment Terminates. If your Employment terminates for any reason or you are otherwise no longer actively employed with the Firm (which includes off-premises notice periods, “garden leaves,” pay in lieu of notice or any other similar status), your rights to your Outstanding RSUs that are not Vested will terminate, and no RSU Shares will be delivered in respect of such RSUs.

(b) Vested and Unvested RSUs Forfeited if You Solicit Clients or Employees, Interfere with Client or Employee Relationships or Participate in the Hiring of Employees. If any of the following occurs before the applicable Delivery Date, your rights to all of your Outstanding RSUs (whether or not Vested) will terminate, and no RSU Shares will be delivered in respect of such RSUs:

(i) you, in any manner, directly or indirectly, (A) Solicit any Client to transact business with a Covered Enterprise or to reduce or refrain from doing any business with the Firm, (B) interfere with or damage (or attempt to interfere with or damage) any relationship between the Firm and any Client, (C) Solicit any person who is an employee of the Firm to resign from the Firm, (D) Solicit any Selected Firm Personnel to apply for or accept employment (or other association) with any person or entity other than the Firm, (E) hire or participate in the hiring of any Selected Firm Personnel by any person or entity other than the Firm (including, without limitation, participating in the identification of individuals for potential hire, and participating in any hiring decision), whether as an employee or consultant or otherwise, or

(ii) Selected Firm Personnel are Solicited, hired or accepted into partnership, membership or similar status by (A) any entity that you form, that bears your name, or in which you possess or control greater than a de minimis equity ownership, voting or profit participation, or (B) any entity where you have, or will have, direct or indirect managerial responsibility for such Selected Firm Personnel.

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(c) Vested and Unvested RSUs Forfeited upon Certain Events. If any of the following occurs your rights to all of your Outstanding RSUs (whether or not Vested) will terminate, and no RSU Shares will be delivered in respect of such RSUs, as may be further described below:

(i) You Failed to Consider Risk. You Failed to Consider Risk during the                 .

(ii) Your Conduct Constitutes Cause. Any event that constitutes Cause has occurred before the applicable Delivery Date.

(iii) You Do Not Meet Your Obligations to the Firm. The Committee determines that, before the applicable Delivery Date, you failed to meet, in any respect, any obligation under any agreement with the Firm, or any agreement entered into in connection with your Employment or this Award, including the Firm’s notice period requirement applicable to you, any offer letter, employment agreement or any shareholders’ agreement relating to the Firm. Your failure to pay or reimburse the Firm, on demand, for any amount you owe to the Firm will constitute (A) failure to meet an obligation you have under an agreement, regardless of whether such obligation arises under a written agreement, and/or (B) a material violation of Firm policy constituting Cause.

(iv) You Do Not Provide Timely Certifications or Comply with Your Certifications. You fail to certify to GS Inc. that you have complied with all of the terms of the Plan and this Award Agreement, or the Committee determines that you have failed to comply with a term of the Plan or this Award Agreement to which you have certified compliance.

(v) You Do Not Follow Dispute Resolution/Arbitration Procedures. You attempt to have any dispute under the Plan or this Award Agreement resolved in any manner that is not provided for by Paragraph 15 or Section 3.17 of the Plan.

(vi) You Bring an Action that Results in a Determination that Any Award Agreement Term Is Invalid. As a result of any action brought by you, it is determined that any term of this Award Agreement is invalid.

(vii) You Receive Compensation in Respect of Your Award from Another Employer. Your Employment terminates for any reason or you otherwise are no longer actively employed with the Firm and another entity grants you cash, equity or other property (whether vested or unvested) to replace, substitute for or otherwise in respect of any Outstanding RSUs; provided, however, that your rights will only be terminated in respect of the RSUs that are replaced, substituted for or otherwise considered by such other entity in making its grant.

(viii) You Receive Compensation that this Award Is Intended to Replace. This Award is intended to replace or substitute for any award or compensation forgone with an entity to which you previously provided services, and such entity nevertheless delivers to you such award or compensation (including any cash, equity or other property (whether vested or unvested)), as determined by the Firm in its sole discretion.

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REPAYMENT OF YOUR AWARD

9. When You May Be Required to Repay Your Award. If the Committee determines that any term of this Award was not satisfied, you will be required, immediately upon demand therefor, to repay to the Firm the following:

(a) Any RSU Shares for which the terms (including the terms for delivery) of the related RSUs were not satisfied, in accordance with Section 2.6.3 of the Plan.

(b) Any payments under Dividend Equivalent Rights for which the terms were not satisfied (including any such payments made in respect of RSUs that are forfeited or RSU Shares that are cancelled or required to be repaid), in accordance with Section 2.8.4 of the Plan.

(c) Any dividends paid in respect of any RSU Shares that are cancelled or required to be repaid.

(d) Any amount applied to satisfy tax withholding or other obligations with respect to any RSU, RSU Shares, dividend payments and payments under Dividend Equivalent Rights that are forfeited or required to be repaid.

EXCEPTIONS TO THE VESTING AND/OR DELIVERY DATES

10. Circumstances Under Which You Will Not Forfeit Your Unvested RSUs on Employment Termination (but the Original Delivery Date Continues to Apply). If your Employment terminates at a time when you meet the requirements for Extended Absence[, Retirement,] [“downsizing” or Approved Termination,] [each] as described below, then Paragraph 8(a) will not apply, and your Outstanding RSUs will be treated as described in this Paragraph 10. All other terms of this Award Agreement, including the other forfeiture and repayment events in Paragraphs 8 and 9, continue to apply.

(a) [Extended Absence or Retirement and No Association With a Covered Enterprise.]

(i) Generally. If your Employment terminates by Extended Absence[ or Retirement], your Outstanding RSUs that are not Vested will become Vested. However, your rights to any Outstanding RSU that becomes Vested by this Paragraph 10(a)[(i)] will terminate and no RSU Share will be delivered in respect of that RSU if you Associate With a Covered Enterprise on or before the originally scheduled Vesting Date for that RSU.

(ii) [Special Treatment for Involuntary or Mutual Agreement Termination. The second sentence of Paragraph 10(a)[(i)] (relating to forfeiture if you Associate With a Covered Enterprise) will not apply if (A) the Firm characterizes your Employment termination as “involuntary” or by “mutual agreement” and (B) you execute a general waiver and release of claims and an agreement to pay any associated tax liability, in each case, in the form the Firm prescribes. No Employment termination that you initiate, including any purported “constructive termination,” a “termination for good reason” or similar concepts, can be “involuntary” or by “mutual agreement.”]

(b) [Downsizing. If (i) the Firm terminates your Employment solely by reason of a “downsizing” (and you have not engaged in conduct constituting Cause) and (ii) you execute a general waiver and release of claims and an agreement to pay any associated tax liability, in each case, in the form the Firm prescribes, your Outstanding RSUs that are not yet Vested will become Vested. Whether or not your Employment is terminated solely by reason of a “downsizing” will be determined by the Firm in its sole discretion.]

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(c) [Approved Terminations of Program Analysts and Fixed-Term Employees. If the Firm classifies you as a “program analyst” or a “fixed-term” employee and your Employment terminates solely by reason of an Approved Termination (and you have not engaged in conduct constituting Cause), your Outstanding RSUs that are not yet Vested will become Vested.]

11. Accelerated Vesting and/or Delivery in the Event of a Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control[, Conflicted Employment] or Death. In the event of your Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control[, Conflicted Employment] or death, each as described below, then Paragraph 8(a) will not apply, your Outstanding Award will be treated as described in this Paragraph 11, and, except as set forth in Paragraph 11(a), all other terms of this Award Agreement, including the other forfeiture and repayment events in Paragraphs 8 and 9, continue to apply.

(a) You Have a Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control. If your Employment terminates when you meet the requirements of a Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control, the RSU Shares underlying your Outstanding RSUs (whether or not Vested) will be delivered. In addition, the forfeiture events in Paragraph 8 will not apply to your Award.

(b) [You Are Determined to Have Accepted Conflicted Employment.

(i) Generally. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Plan or otherwise, for purposes of this Award Agreement, “Conflicted Employment” means your employment at any U.S. Federal, state or local government, any non-U.S. government, any supranational or international organization, any self-regulatory organization, or any agency or instrumentality of any such government or organization, or any other employer (other than an “Accounting Firm” within the meaning of SEC Rule 2-01(f)(2) of Regulation S-X or any successor thereto) determined by the Committee, if, as a result of such employment, your continued holding of any Outstanding Award would result in an actual or perceived conflict of interest. The following will apply as soon as practicable after the Committee has received satisfactory documentation relating to your Conflicted Employment.

(A) Vesting. If your Employment terminates solely because you resign to accept Conflicted Employment and you have completed at least three years of continuous service with the Firm, your Outstanding RSUs will Vest; otherwise, you will forfeit any Outstanding RSUs that are not Vested in accordance with Paragraph 8(a).

(B) Delivery. If your Employment terminates solely because you resign to accept Conflicted Employment or if, following your termination of Employment, you notify the Firm that you are accepting Conflicted Employment, RSU Shares will be delivered in respect of your Outstanding Vested RSUs (including in the form of cash as described in Paragraph 12(b)).

(ii) You May Have to Take Other Steps to Address Conflicts of Interest. The Committee retains the authority to exercise its rights under the Award Agreement or the Plan (including Section 1.3.2 of the Plan) to take or require you to take other steps it determines in its sole discretion to be necessary or appropriate to cure an actual or perceived conflict of interest (which may include a determination that the accelerated vesting and/or delivery described in Paragraph 11(b)(i) will not apply because such actions are not necessary or appropriate to cure an actual or perceived conflict of interest).]

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(c) Death. If you die, the RSU Shares underlying your Outstanding RSUs (whether or not Vested) will be delivered to the representative of your estate as soon as practicable after the date of death and after such documentation as may be requested by the Committee is provided to the Committee.

OTHER TERMS, CONDITIONS AND AGREEMENTS

12. Additional Terms, Conditions and Agreements.

(a) You Must Satisfy Applicable Tax Withholding Requirements. Delivery of RSU Shares is conditioned on your satisfaction of any applicable withholding taxes in accordance with Section 3.2 of the Plan, which includes the Firm deducting or withholding amounts from any payment or distribution to you (which, notwithstanding Section 3.2.2 of the Plan, may exceed the statutory minimum rate if and to the extent determined by the Committee or the SIP Committee). In addition, to the extent permitted by applicable law, the Firm, in its sole discretion, may require you to provide amounts equal to all or a portion of any Federal, state, local, foreign or other tax obligations imposed on you or the Firm in connection with the grant, Vesting or delivery of this Award by requiring you to choose between remitting the amount (i) in cash (or through payroll deduction or otherwise) or (ii) in the form of proceeds from the Firm’s executing a sale of RSU Shares delivered to you under this Award. In addition, if you are an individual with separate employment contracts (at any time during and/or after the Firm’s              fiscal year), the Firm, in its sole discretion, may require you to provide for a reserve in an amount the Firm determines is advisable or necessary in connection with any actual, anticipated or potential tax consequences related to your separate employment contracts by requiring you to choose between remitting such amount (i) in cash (or through payroll deduction or otherwise) or (ii) in the form of proceeds from the Firm’s executing a sale of shares of Common Stock delivered to you pursuant to this Award (or any other Outstanding awards granted under the Plan or any predecessor or successor plan thereto). In no event, however, does this Paragraph 12(a) give you any discretion to determine or affect the timing of the delivery of RSU Shares or the timing of payment of tax obligations.

(b) Firm May Deliver Cash or Other Property Instead of RSU Shares. In accordance with Section 1.3.2(i) of the Plan, in the sole discretion of the Committee, in lieu of all or any portion of the RSU Shares, the Firm may deliver cash, other securities, other awards under the Plan or other property, and all references in this Award Agreement to deliveries of RSU Shares will include such deliveries of cash, other securities, other awards under the Plan or other property.

(c) Amounts May Be Rounded to Avoid Fractional Shares. RSUs that become Vested on a Vesting Date and RSU Shares that become deliverable on a Delivery Date may, in each case, be rounded to avoid fractional Shares.

(d) You May Be Required to Become a Party to the Shareholders’ Agreement. Your rights to your RSUs are conditioned on your becoming a party to any shareholders’ agreement to which other similarly situated employees (e.g., employees with a similar title or position) of the Firm are required to be a party.

(e) Firm May Affix Legends and Place Stop Orders on Restricted RSU Shares. GS Inc. may affix to Certificates representing RSU Shares any legend that the Committee determines to be necessary or advisable (including to reflect any restrictions to which you may be subject under a separate agreement). GS Inc. may advise the transfer agent to place a stop order against any legended RSU Shares.

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(f) You Agree to Certain Consents, Terms and Conditions. By accepting this Award you understand and agree that:

(i) You Agree to Certain Consents as a Condition to the Award. You have expressly consented to all of the items listed in Section 3.3.3(d) of the Plan, including the Firm’s supplying to any third-party recordkeeper of the Plan or other person such personal information of yours as the Committee deems advisable to administer the Plan, and you agree to provide any additional consents that the Committee determines to be necessary or advisable;

(ii) You Are Subject to the Firm’s Policies, Rules and Procedures. You are subject to the Firm’s policies in effect from time to time concerning trading in RSU Shares and hedging or pledging RSU Shares and equity-based compensation or other awards (including, without limitation, the Firm’s “Policies with Respect to Personal Transactions Involving GS Securities and GS Equity Awards” or any successor policies), and confidential or proprietary information, and you will effect sales of RSU Shares in accordance with such rules and procedures as may be adopted from time to time (which may include, without limitation, restrictions relating to the timing of sale requests, the manner in which sales are executed, pricing method, consolidation or aggregation of orders and volume limits determined by the Firm);

(iii) You Are Responsible for Costs Associated with Your Award. You will be responsible for all brokerage costs and other fees or expenses associated with your RSUs, including those related to the sale of RSU Shares;

(iv) You Will Be Deemed to Represent Your Compliance with All the Terms of Your Award if You Accept Delivery of, or Sell, RSU Shares. You will be deemed to have represented and certified that you have complied with all of the terms of the Plan and this Award Agreement when RSU Shares are delivered to you and you receive payment in respect of Dividend Equivalent Rights;

(v) Firm May Deliver Your Award into an Escrow Account. The Firm may establish and maintain an escrow account on such terms (which may include your executing any documents related to, and your paying for any costs associated with, such account) as it may deem necessary or appropriate, and the delivery of RSU Shares or the payment of cash or other property may initially be made into and held in that escrow account until such time as the Committee has received such documentation as it may have requested or until the Committee has determined that any other conditions or restrictions on delivery of RSU Shares, cash or other property required by this Award Agreement have been satisfied;

(vi) You May Be Required to Certify Compliance with Award Terms; You Are Responsible for Providing the Firm with Updated Address and Contact Information After Your Departure from the Firm. If your Employment terminates while you continue to hold RSUs, from time to time, you may be required to provide certifications of your compliance with all of the terms of the Plan and this Award Agreement as described in Paragraph 8(c)(iv). You understand and agree that (A) your address on file with the Firm at the time any certification is required will be deemed to be your current address, (B) it is your responsibility to inform the Firm of any changes to your address to ensure timely receipt of the certification materials, (C) you are responsible for contacting the Firm to obtain such certification materials if not received and (D) your failure to return properly completed certification materials by the specified deadline (which includes your failure to timely return the completed certification because you did not provide the Firm with updated contact information) will result in the forfeiture of all of your RSUs and subject previously delivered amounts to repayment under Paragraph 8(c)(iv);

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(vii) You Must Comply with Applicable Deadlines and Procedures to Appeal Determinations Made by the Committee, the SIP Committee or SIP Administrators. In order to appeal a determination by the Committee, the SIP Committee, the SIP Administrators, or any of their delegates or designees, you must submit a written request for the appeal within 180 days after receipt of any such determination. You must exhaust all administrative remedies before seeking to resolve a dispute through arbitration pursuant to Paragraph 15 and Section 3.17 of the Plan; and

(viii) You Agree that Covered Persons Will Not Have Liability. In addition to and without limiting the generality of the provisions of Section 1.3.5 of the Plan, neither the Firm nor any Covered Person will have any liability to you or any other person for any action taken or omitted in respect of this or any other Award.

13. Non-transferability. Except as otherwise may be provided in this Paragraph 13 or as otherwise may be provided by the Committee, the limitations on transferability set forth in Section 3.5 of the Plan will apply to this Award. Any purported transfer or assignment in violation of the provisions of this Paragraph 13 or Section 3.5 of the Plan will be void. The Committee may adopt procedures pursuant to which some or all recipients of RSUs may transfer some or all of their RSUs through a gift for no consideration to any immediate family member, a trust or other estate planning vehicle approved by the Committee or SIP Committee in which the recipient and/or the recipient’s immediate family members in the aggregate have 100% of the beneficial interest.

14. Right of Offset. Except as provided in Paragraph 17(h), the obligation to deliver RSU Shares or to make payments under Dividend Equivalent Rights under this Award Agreement is subject to Section 3.4 of the Plan, which provides for the Firm’s right to offset against such obligation any outstanding amounts you owe to the Firm and any amounts the Committee deems appropriate pursuant to any tax equalization policy or agreement.

ARBITRATION, CHOICE OF FORUM AND GOVERNING LAW

15. Arbitration; Choice of Forum.

(a) BY ACCEPTING THIS AWARD, YOU ARE INDICATING THAT YOU UNDERSTAND AND AGREE THAT THE ARBITRATION AND CHOICE OF FORUM PROVISIONS SET FORTH IN SECTION 3.17 OF THE PLAN WILL APPLY TO THIS AWARD. THESE PROVISIONS, WHICH ARE EXPRESSLY INCORPORATED HEREIN BY REFERENCE, PROVIDE AMONG OTHER THINGS THAT ANY DISPUTE, CONTROVERSY OR CLAIM BETWEEN THE FIRM AND YOU ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO OR CONCERNING THE PLAN OR THIS AWARD AGREEMENT WILL BE FINALLY SETTLED BY ARBITRATION IN NEW YORK CITY, PURSUANT TO THE TERMS MORE FULLY SET FORTH IN SECTION 3.17 OF THE PLAN; PROVIDED THAT NOTHING HEREIN SHALL PRECLUDE YOU FROM FILING A CHARGE WITH OR PARTICIPATING IN ANY INVESTIGATION OR PROCEEDING CONDUCTED BY ANY GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE SEC AND THE EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION.

(b) To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, no arbitrator will have the authority to consider class, collective or representative claims, to order consolidation or to join different claimants or grant relief other than on an individual basis to the individual claimant involved.

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(c) Notwithstanding any applicable forum rules to the contrary, to the extent there is a question of enforceability of this Award Agreement arising from a challenge to the arbitrator’s jurisdiction or to the arbitrability of a claim, it will be decided by a court and not an arbitrator.

(d) All references to the New York Stock Exchange in Section 3.17 of the Plan will be read as references to the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.

(e) The Federal Arbitration Act governs interpretation and enforcement of all arbitration provisions under the Plan and this Award Agreement, and all arbitration proceedings thereunder.

(f) Nothing in this Award Agreement creates a substantive right to bring a claim under U.S. Federal, state, or local employment laws.

16. Governing Law. THIS AWARD WILL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, WITHOUT REGARD TO PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICT OF LAWS.

CERTAIN TAX PROVISIONS

17. Compliance of Award Agreement and Plan with Section 409A. The provisions of this Paragraph 17 apply to you only if you are a U.S. taxpayer.

(a) This Award Agreement and the Plan provisions that apply to this Award are intended and will be construed to comply with Section 409A (including the requirements applicable to, or the conditions for exemption from treatment as, 409A Deferred Compensation), whether by reason of short-term deferral treatment or other exceptions or provisions. The Committee will have full authority to give effect to this intent. To the extent necessary to give effect to this intent, in the case of any conflict or potential inconsistency between the provisions of the Plan (including Sections 1.3.2 and 2.1 thereof) and this Award Agreement, the provisions of this Award Agreement will govern, and in the case of any conflict or potential inconsistency between this Paragraph 17 and the other provisions of this Award Agreement, this Paragraph 17 will govern.

(b) Delivery of RSU Shares will not be delayed beyond the date on which all applicable conditions or restrictions on delivery of RSU Shares required by this Agreement (including those specified in Paragraphs 6, 10[(a)(ii), 10](b), 11([b][c]) and 12 and the consents and other items specified in Section 3.3 of the Plan) are satisfied. To the extent that any portion of this Award is intended to satisfy the requirements for short-term deferral treatment under Section 409A, delivery for such portion will occur by the March 15 coinciding with the last day of the applicable “short-term deferral” period described in Reg. 1.409A-1(b)(4) in order for the delivery of RSU Shares to be within the short-term deferral exception unless, in order to permit all applicable conditions or restrictions on delivery to be satisfied, the Committee elects, pursuant to Reg. 1.409A-1(b)(4)(i)(D) or otherwise as may be permitted in accordance with Section 409A, to delay delivery of RSU Shares to a later date within the same calendar year or to such later date as may be permitted under Section 409A, including Reg. 1.409A-2(b)(7) (in conjunction with Section 3.21.3 of the Plan pertaining to Code Section 162(m)) and Reg. 1.409A-3(d). For the avoidance of doubt, if the Award includes a “series of installment payments” as described in Reg. 1.409A-2(b)(2)(iii), your right to the series of installment payments will be treated as a right to a series of separate payments and not as a right to a single payment.

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(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of Paragraph 12(b) and Section 1.3.2(i) of the Plan, to the extent necessary to comply with Section 409A, any securities, other Awards or other property that the Firm may deliver in respect of your RSUs will not have the effect of deferring delivery or payment, income inclusion, or a substantial risk of forfeiture, beyond the date on which such delivery, payment or inclusion would occur or such risk of forfeiture would lapse, with respect to the RSU Shares that would otherwise have been deliverable (unless the Committee elects a later date for this purpose pursuant to Reg. 1.409A-1(b)(4)(i)(D) or otherwise as may be permitted under Section 409A, including and to the extent applicable, the subsequent election provisions of Section 409A(a)(4)(C) of the Code and Reg. 1.409A-2(b)).

(d) Notwithstanding the timing provisions of Paragraph 11([b][c]), the delivery of RSU Shares referred to therein will be made after the date of death and during the calendar year that includes the date of death (or on such later date as may be permitted under Section 409A).

(e) The timing of delivery or payment pursuant to Paragraph 11(a) will occur on the earlier of (i) the Delivery Date or (ii) a date that is within the calendar year in which the termination of Employment occurs; provided, however, that, if you are a “specified employee” (as defined by the Firm in accordance with Section 409A(a)(2)(i)(B) of the Code), delivery will occur on the earlier of the Delivery Date or (to the extent required to avoid the imposition of additional tax under Section 409A) the date that is six months after your termination of Employment (or, if the latter date is not during a Window Period, the first trading day of the next Window Period). For purposes of Paragraph 11(a), references in this Award Agreement to termination of Employment mean a termination of Employment from the Firm (as defined by the Firm) which is also a separation from service (as defined by the Firm in accordance with Section 409A).

(f) Notwithstanding any provision of Paragraph 7 or Section 2.8.2 of the Plan to the contrary, the Dividend Equivalent Rights with respect to each of your Outstanding RSUs will be paid to you within the calendar year that includes the date of distribution of any corresponding regular cash dividends paid by GS Inc. in respect of a share of Common Stock the record date for which occurs on or after the Date of Grant. The payment will be in an amount (less applicable withholding) equal to such regular dividend payment as would have been made in respect of the RSU Shares underlying such Outstanding RSUs.

(g) [The timing of delivery or payment referred to in Paragraph 11(b)(i) will be the earlier of (i) the Delivery Date or (ii) a date that is within the calendar year in which the Committee receives satisfactory documentation relating to your Conflicted Employment, provided that such delivery or payment will be made, and any Committee action referred to in Paragraph 11(b)(ii) will be taken, only at such time as, and if and to the extent that it, as reasonably determined by the Firm, would not result in the imposition of any additional tax to you under Section 409A.]

(h) Paragraph 14 and Section 3.4 of the Plan will not apply to Awards that are 409A Deferred Compensation except to the extent permitted under Section 409A.

(i) Delivery of RSU Shares in respect of any Award may be made, if and to the extent elected by the Committee, later than the Delivery Date or other date or period specified hereinabove (but, in the case of any Award that constitutes 409A Deferred Compensation, only to the extent that the later delivery is permitted under Section 409A).

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(j) You understand and agree that you are solely responsible for the payment of any taxes and penalties due pursuant to Section 409A, but in no event will you be permitted to designate, directly or indirectly, the taxable year of the delivery.

18. Compliance of Award Agreement and Plan with Section 162(m). If you are or become considered by GS Inc. to be one of its “covered employees” within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code, then you will be subject to Section 3.21.3 of the Plan, as a result of which delivery of your RSU Shares may be delayed.

COMMITTEE AUTHORITY, AMENDMENT AND CONSTRUCTION

19. Committee Authority. The Committee has the authority to determine, in its sole discretion, that any event triggering forfeiture or repayment of your Award will not apply and to limit the forfeitures and repayments that result under Paragraphs 8 and 9. In addition, the Committee, in its sole discretion, may determine whether Paragraph[s] [10(a)(ii)] [and 10(b)] will apply upon a termination of Employment[ and whether a termination of Employment constitutes an Approved Termination under Paragraph 10(c)].

20. Amendment. The Committee reserves the right at any time to amend the terms of this Award Agreement, and the Board may amend the Plan in any respect; provided that, notwithstanding the foregoing and Sections 1.3.2(f), 1.3.2(h) and 3.1 of the Plan, no such amendment will materially adversely affect your rights and obligations under this Award Agreement without your consent; and provided further that the Committee expressly reserves its rights to amend the Award Agreement and the Plan as described in Sections 1.3.2(h)(1), (2) and (4) of the Plan. A modification that impacts the tax consequences of this Award or the timing of delivery of RSU Shares will not be an amendment that materially adversely affects your rights and obligations under this Award Agreement. Any amendment of this Award Agreement will be in writing.

21. Construction, Headings. Unless the context requires otherwise, (a) words describing the singular number include the plural and vice versa, (b) words denoting any gender include all genders and (c) the words “include,” “includes” and “including” will be deemed to be followed by the words “without limitation.” The headings in this Award Agreement are for the purpose of convenience only and are not intended to define or limit the construction of the provisions hereof. References in this Award Agreement to any specific Plan provision will not be construed as limiting the applicability of any other Plan provision.

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, GS Inc. has caused this Award Agreement to be duly executed and delivered as of the Date of Grant.

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.

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DEFINITIONS APPENDIX

The following capitalized terms are used in this Award Agreement with the following meanings:

(a) “409A Deferred Compensation” means a “deferral of compensation” or “deferred compensation” as those terms are defined in the regulations under Section 409A.

(b) [“Approved Termination” means that you are classified by the Firm as a “program analyst” or “fixed-term employee” and you (i) successfully complete the analyst program or fixed-term engagement, as applicable and determined by the Firm in its sole discretion, including remaining Employed through the completion date specified by the Firm, and (ii) terminate Employment immediately after the completion date without any “stay-on” or other agreement or understanding to continue Employment with the Firm. If you agree to stay with the Firm as an employee after your analyst program or fixed-term engagement ends and then later terminate Employment, you will not have an Approved Termination.]

(c) “Associate With a Covered Enterprise” means that you (i) form, or acquire a 5% or greater equity ownership, voting or profit participation interest in, any Covered Enterprise or (ii) associate in any capacity (including association as an officer, employee, partner, director, consultant, agent or advisor) with any Covered Enterprise. Associate With a Covered Enterprise may include, as determined in the discretion of either the Committee or the SIP Committee, (i) becoming the subject of any publicly available announcement or report of a pending or future association with a Covered Enterprise and (ii) unpaid associations, including an association in contemplation of future employment. “Association With a Covered Enterprise” will have its correlative meaning.

(d) [“Conflicted Employment” means your employment at any U.S. Federal, state or local government, any non-U.S. government, any supranational or international organization, any self-regulatory organization, or any agency or instrumentality of any such government or organization, or any other employer (other than an “Accounting Firm” within the meaning of SEC Rule 2-01(f)(2) of Regulation S-X or any successor thereto) determined by the Committee, if, as a result of such employment, your continued holding of any Outstanding Award would result in an actual or perceived conflict of interest.]

(e) “Covered Enterprise” means an existing or planned business enterprise that competes with the Firm (which, for this purpose means offering products or services that are the same as or similar to those offered by the Firm (“Firm Products or Services”)), or reasonably may be expected to do so. The enterprises covered by this definition include enterprises that offer Firm Products or Services directly, as well as those that do so indirectly by ownership or control (e.g., by owning, being owned by, or being under common ownership with an enterprise that offers Firm Products or Services). An enterprise will be treated as providing Firm Products or Services if, solely by way of example, it provides products or services associated with investment banking, public or private finance, lending, financial advisory services, private investing (for anyone other than you or your family members), private banking, commercial banking, merchant banking, asset or hedge fund management, insurance or reinsurance underwriting or brokerage, property management, or securities, futures, commodities, energy, derivatives or currency brokerage, sales, lending, custody, clearance, settlement or trading. A Competitive Enterprise is a Covered Enterprise. An enterprise that offers, or may reasonably be expected to offer, Firm Products or Services is a Covered Enterprise irrespective of whether the enterprise is a customer, client or counterparty of the Firm, and, because the Firm is a global enterprise, irrespective of where the Covered Enterprise is physically located.

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(f) “Failed to Consider Risk” means that you participated in the structuring or marketing of any product or service, or participated on behalf of the Firm or any of its clients in the purchase or sale of any security or other property, in any case without appropriate consideration of the risk to the Firm or the broader financial system as a whole (for example, where you have improperly analyzed such risk or where you have failed sufficiently to raise concerns about such risk) and, as a result of such action or omission, the Committee determines there has been, or reasonably could be expected to be, a material adverse impact on the Firm, your business unit or the broader financial system.

(g) “Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control” means that the Firm terminates your Employment other than for Cause or you terminate your Employment for Good Reason, in each case, within 18 months following a Change in Control.

(h) “SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

(i) “Selected Firm Personnel” means any individual who is or in the three months preceding the conduct prohibited by Paragraph 8(b) was (i) a Firm employee or consultant with whom you personally worked while employed by the Firm, (ii) a Firm employee or consultant who, at any time during the year preceding the date of the termination of your Employment, worked in the same division in which you worked or (iii) an Advisory Director, a Managing Director or a Senior Advisor of the Firm.

The following capitalized terms are used in this Award Agreement with the meanings that are assigned to them in the Plan.

(a) “Account” means any brokerage account, custody account or similar account, as approved or required by GS Inc. from time to time, into which shares of Common Stock, cash or other property in respect of an Award are delivered.

(b) “Award Agreement” means the written document or documents by which each Award is evidenced, including any Award Statement.

(c) “Award Statement” means a written statement that reflects certain Award terms.

(d) “Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in New York City are authorized or obligated by Federal law or executive order to be closed.

(e) “Cause” means (i) the Grantee’s conviction, whether following trial or by plea of guilty or nolo contendere (or similar plea), in a criminal proceeding (A) on a misdemeanor charge involving fraud, false statements or misleading omissions, wrongful taking, embezzlement, bribery, forgery, counterfeiting or extortion, or (B) on a felony charge, or (C) on an equivalent charge to those in clauses (A) and (B) in jurisdictions which do not use those designations, (ii) the Grantee’s engaging in any conduct which constitutes an employment disqualification under applicable law (including statutory disqualification as defined under the Exchange Act), (iii) the Grantee’s willful failure to perform the Grantee’s duties to the Firm, (iv) the Grantee’s violation of any securities or commodities laws, any rules or regulations issued pursuant to such laws, or the rules and regulations of any securities or commodities exchange or association of which the Firm is a member, (v) the Grantee’s violation of any Firm policy concerning hedging or pledging or confidential or proprietary information, or the Grantee’s material violation of any other Firm policy as in effect from time to time, (vi) the Grantee’s engaging in any act or making any statement which impairs, impugns, denigrates, disparages or negatively reflects upon the name, reputation or business interests of the Firm or (vii) the Grantee’s engaging in any conduct detrimental to the Firm. The determination as to whether Cause has occurred shall be made by the Committee in its sole discretion and, in such case, the Committee also may, but shall not be required to, specify the date such Cause

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occurred (including by determining that a prior termination of Employment was for Cause). Any rights the Firm may have hereunder and in any Award Agreement in respect of the events giving rise to Cause shall be in addition to the rights the Firm may have under any other agreement with a Grantee or at law or in equity.

(f) “Change in Control” means the consummation of a merger, consolidation, statutory share exchange or similar form of corporate transaction involving GS Inc. (a “Reorganization”) or sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of GS Inc.’s assets to an entity that is not an affiliate of GS Inc. (a “Sale”), that in each case requires the approval of GS Inc.’s shareholders under the law of GS Inc.’s jurisdiction of organization, whether for such Reorganization or Sale (or the issuance of securities of GS Inc. in such Reorganization or Sale), unless immediately following such Reorganization or Sale, either: (i) at least 50% of the total voting power (in respect of the election of directors, or similar officials in the case of an entity other than a corporation) of (A) the entity resulting from such Reorganization, or the entity which has acquired all or substantially all of the assets of GS Inc. in a Sale (in either case, the “Surviving Entity”), or (B) if applicable, the ultimate parent entity that directly or indirectly has beneficial ownership (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act, as such Rule is in effect on the date of the adoption of the 1999 SIP) of 50% or more of the total voting power (in respect of the election of directors, or similar officials in the case of an entity other than a corporation) of the Surviving Entity (the “Parent Entity”) is represented by GS Inc.’s securities (the “GS Inc. Securities”) that were outstanding immediately prior to such Reorganization or Sale (or, if applicable, is represented by shares into which such GS Inc. Securities were converted pursuant to such Reorganization or Sale) or (ii) at least 50% of the members of the board of directors (or similar officials in the case of an entity other than a corporation) of the Parent Entity (or, if there is no Parent Entity, the Surviving Entity) following the consummation of the Reorganization or Sale were, at the time of the Board’s approval of the execution of the initial agreement providing for such Reorganization or Sale, individuals (the “Incumbent Directors”) who either (A) were members of the Board on the Effective Date or (B) became directors subsequent to the Effective Date and whose election or nomination for election was approved by a vote of at least two-thirds of the Incumbent Directors then on the Board (either by a specific vote or by approval of GS Inc.’s proxy statement in which such persons are named as nominees for director).

(g) “Client” means any client or prospective client of the Firm to whom the Grantee provided services, or for whom the Grantee transacted business, or whose identity became known to the Grantee in connection with the Grantee’s relationship with or employment by the Firm.

(h) “Committee” means the committee appointed by the Board to administer the Plan pursuant to Section 1.3, and, to the extent the Board determines it is appropriate for the compensation realized from Awards under the Plan to be considered “performance based” compensation under Section 162(m) of the Code, shall be a committee or subcommittee of the Board composed of two or more members, each of whom is an “outside director” within the meaning of Code Section 162(m), and which, to the extent the Board determines it is appropriate for Awards under the Plan to qualify for the exemption available under Rule 16b-3(d)(1) or Rule 16b-3(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act, shall be a committee or subcommittee of the Board composed of two or more members, each of whom is a “non-employee director” within the meaning of Rule 16b-3. Unless otherwise determined by the Board, the Committee shall be the Compensation Committee of the Board.

(i) “Common Stock” means common stock of GS Inc., par value $0.01 per share.

(j) “Competitive Enterprise” means an existing or planned business enterprise that (i) engages, or may reasonably be expected to engage, in any activity, (ii) owns or controls, or may reasonably be expected to own or control, a significant interest in or (iii) is, or may reasonably be expected to be, owned by, or a significant interest in which is, or may reasonably expected to be, owned or controlled by, any

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entity that engages in any activity that, in any case, competes or will compete anywhere with any activity in which the Firm is engaged. The activities covered by this definition include, without limitation, financial services such as investment banking, public or private finance, lending, financial advisory services, private investing (for anyone other than the Grantee and members of the Grantee’s family), merchant banking, asset or hedge fund management, insurance or reinsurance underwriting or brokerage, property management, or securities, futures, commodities, energy, derivatives or currency brokerage, sales, lending, custody, clearance, settlement or trading.

(k) “Covered Person” means a member of the Board or the Committee or any employee of the Firm.

(l) “Date of Grant” means the date specified in the Grantee’s Award Agreement as the date of grant of the Award.

(m) “Delivery Date” means each date specified in the Grantee’s Award Agreement as a delivery date, provided, unless the Committee determines otherwise, such date is during a Window Period or, if such date is not during a Window Period, the first trading day of the first Window Period beginning after such date.

(n) “Dividend Equivalent Right” means a dividend equivalent right granted under the Plan, which represents an unfunded and unsecured promise to pay to the Grantee amounts equal to all or any portion of the regular cash dividends that would be paid on shares of Common Stock covered by an Award if such shares had been delivered pursuant to an Award.

(o) “Employment” means the Grantee’s performance of services for the Firm, as determined by the Committee. The terms “employ” and “employed” shall have their correlative meanings. The Committee in its sole discretion may determine (i) whether and when a Grantee’s leave of absence results in a termination of Employment (for this purpose, unless the Committee determines otherwise, a Grantee shall be treated as terminating Employment with the Firm upon the occurrence of an Extended Absence), (ii) whether and when a change in a Grantee’s association with the Firm results in a termination of Employment and (iii) the impact, if any, of any such leave of absence or change in association on Awards theretofore made. Unless expressly provided otherwise, any references in the Plan or any Award Agreement to a Grantee’s Employment being terminated shall include both voluntary and involuntary terminations.

(p) “Extended Absence” means the Grantee’s inability to perform for six (6) continuous months, due to illness, injury or pregnancy-related complications, substantially all the essential duties of the Grantee’s occupation, as determined by the Committee.

(q) “Firm” means GS Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.

(r) “Good Reason” means, in connection with a termination of employment by a Grantee following a Change in Control, (a) as determined by the Committee, a materially adverse alteration in the Grantee’s position or in the nature or status of the Grantee’s responsibilities from those in effect immediately prior to the Change in Control or (b) the Firm’s requiring the Grantee’s principal place of Employment to be located more than seventy-five (75) miles from the location where the Grantee is principally Employed at the time of the Change in Control (except for required travel on the Firm’s business to an extent substantially consistent with the Grantee’s customary business travel obligations in the ordinary course of business prior to the Change in Control).

(s) “Grantee” means a person who receives an Award.

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(t) “GS Inc.” means The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., and any successor thereto.

(u) “Outstanding” means any Award to the extent it has not been forfeited, cancelled, terminated, exercised or with respect to which the shares of Common Stock underlying the Award have not been previously delivered or other payments made.

(v) [“Retirement” means termination of the Grantee’s Employment (other than for Cause) on or after the Date of Grant at a time when (i) (A) the sum of the Grantee’s age plus years of service with the Firm (as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion) equals or exceeds 60 and (B) the Grantee has completed at least 10 years of service with the Firm (as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion) or, if earlier, (ii) (A) the Grantee has attained age 50 and (B) the Grantee has completed at least five years of service with the Firm (as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion).]

(w) “RSU” means a restricted stock unit Award granted under the Plan, which represents an unfunded and unsecured promise to deliver shares of Common Stock in accordance with the terms of the RSU Award Agreement.

(x) “RSU Shares” means shares of Common Stock that underlie an RSU.

(y) “Section 409A” means Section 409A of the Code, including any amendments or successor provisions to that Section and any regulations and other administrative guidance thereunder, in each case as they, from time to time, may be amended or interpreted through further administrative guidance.

(z) “SIP Administrator” means each person designated by the Committee as a “SIP Administrator” with the authority to perform day-to-day administrative functions for the Plan.

(aa) “SIP Committee” means the persons who have been delegated certain authority under the Plan by the Committee.

(bb) “Solicit” means any direct or indirect communication of any kind whatsoever, regardless of by whom initiated, inviting, advising, encouraging or requesting any person or entity, in any manner, to take or refrain from taking any action.

(cc) “Transfer Restrictions” means restrictions that prohibit the sale, exchange, transfer, assignment, pledge, hypothecation, fractionalization, hedge or other disposal (including through the use of any cash-settled instrument), whether voluntarily or involuntarily by the Grantee, of an Award or any shares of Common Stock, cash or other property delivered in respect of an Award.

(dd) “Vested” means, with respect to an Award, the portion of the Award that is not subject to a condition that the Grantee remain actively employed by the Firm in order for the Award to remain Outstanding. The fact that an Award becomes Vested shall not mean or otherwise indicate that the Grantee has an unconditional or nonforfeitable right to such Award, and such Award shall remain subject to such terms, conditions and forfeiture provisions as may be provided for in the Plan or in the Award Agreement.

(ee) “Vesting Date” means each date specified in the Grantee’s Award Agreement as a date on which part or all of an Award becomes Vested.

(ff) “Window Period” means a period designated by the Firm during which all employees of the Firm are permitted to purchase or sell shares of Common Stock (provided that, if the Grantee is a member of a designated group of employees who are subject to different restrictions, the Window Period may be a period designated by the Firm during which an employee of the Firm in such designated group is permitted to purchase or sell shares of Common Stock).

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EX-10.48

EXHIBIT 10.48

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.

             YEAR-END RSU AWARD

This Award Agreement, together with The Goldman Sachs Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (2015) (the “Plan”), governs your              year-end award of RSUs (your “Award”). You should read carefully this entire Award Agreement, which includes the Award Statement and any attached Appendix.

ACCEPTANCE

1. You Must Decide Whether to Accept this Award Agreement. To be eligible to receive your Award, you must by the date specified (a) open and activate an Account and (b) agree to all the terms of your Award by executing the related signature card in accordance with its instructions. By executing the signature card, you confirm your agreement to all of the terms of this Award Agreement, including the arbitration and choice of forum provisions in Paragraph 16.

DOCUMENTS THAT GOVERN YOUR AWARD; DEFINITIONS

2. The Plan. Your Award is granted under the Plan, and the Plan’s terms apply to, and are a part of, this Award Agreement.

3. Your Award Statement. The Award Statement delivered to you contains some of your Award’s specific terms. For example, it contains the number of RSUs awarded to you and any applicable Vesting Dates, Delivery Dates and Transferability Dates.

4. Definitions. Capitalized terms are defined in the Definitions Appendix, which also includes terms that are defined in the Plan.

VESTING OF YOUR RSUS

5. Vesting. On each Vesting Date listed on your Award Statement, you will become Vested in the amount of Outstanding RSUs listed next to that date. When an RSU becomes Vested, it means only that your continued active Employment is not required for delivery of that portion of RSU Shares. Vesting does not mean you have a non-forfeitable right to the Vested portion of your Award. The terms of this Award Agreement (including conditions to delivery and any applicable Transfer Restrictions) continue to apply to Vested RSUs, and you can still forfeit Vested RSUs and any RSU Shares.

DELIVERY OF YOUR RSU SHARES

6. Delivery. Reasonably promptly (but no more than 30 Business Days) after each Delivery Date listed on your Award Statement, RSU Shares (less applicable withholding as described in Paragraph 13(a)) will be delivered (by book entry credit to your Account) in respect of the amount of Outstanding RSUs listed next to that date. The Committee or the SIP Committee may select multiple dates within the 30-Business-Day period following the Delivery Date to deliver RSU Shares in respect of all or a portion of the RSUs with the same Delivery Date listed on the Award Statement, and all such dates will be treated as a single Delivery Date for purposes of this Award. Until such delivery, you have only the rights of a general unsecured creditor, and no rights as a shareholder of GS Inc. Without limiting the Committee’s authority under Section 1.3.2(h) of the Plan, the Firm may accelerate any Delivery Date by up to 30 days.

TRANSFER RESTRICTIONS FOLLOWING DELIVERY

7. Transfer Restrictions and Shares at Risk. Fifty percent of the RSU Shares that are delivered on any date, before tax withholding (or, if the applicable tax withholding rate is greater than 50%, all RSU Shares delivered after tax withholding), will be Shares at Risk. This means that if, for example, on a Delivery Date, you are scheduled to receive delivery of 1,000 RSU Shares, and you are subject to a 40% withholding rate, then (a) 400 RSU Shares will be withheld for taxes, (b) 500 RSU Shares delivered to you will be Shares at Risk and (c) 100 RSU Shares delivered to you will not be subject to Transfer Restrictions. Any purported sale, exchange, transfer, assignment, pledge, hypothecation, fractionalization, hedge or other disposition in violation of the Transfer Restrictions on Shares at Risk will be void. Within 30 Business Days after the Transferability Date listed on your Award Statement (or any other date on which the Transfer Restrictions are to be removed), GS Inc. will remove the Transfer Restrictions. The Committee or the SIP Committee may select multiple dates within such 30-Business-Day period on which to remove Transfer Restrictions for all or a portion of the Shares at Risk with the same Transferability Date listed on the Award Statement, and all such dates will be treated as a single Transferability Date for purposes of this Award.

DIVIDENDS

8. Dividend Equivalent Rights and Dividends. Each RSU includes a Dividend Equivalent Right, which entitles you to receive an amount (less applicable withholding), at or after the time of distribution of any regular cash dividend paid by GS Inc. in respect of a share of Common Stock, equal to any regular cash dividend payment that would have been made in respect of an RSU Share underlying your Outstanding RSUs for any record date that occurs on or after the Date of Grant. In addition, you will be entitled to receive on a current basis any regular cash dividend paid in respect of your Shares at Risk.

FORFEITURE OF YOUR AWARD

9. How You May Forfeit Your Award. This Paragraph 9 sets forth the events that result in forfeiture of up to all of your RSUs and Shares at Risk and may require repayment to the Firm of up to all other amounts previously delivered or paid to you under your Award in accordance with Paragraph 10. More than one event may apply, and in no case will the occurrence of one event limit the forfeiture and repayment obligations as a result of the occurrence of any other event. In addition, the Firm reserves the right to (a) suspend vesting of Outstanding RSUs, delivery of RSU Shares or release of Transfer Restrictions, (b) deliver any RSU Shares into an escrow account in accordance with Paragraph 13(f)(v) or (c) apply Transfer Restrictions to any RSU Shares in connection with any investigation of whether any of the events that result in forfeiture under the Plan or this Paragraph 9 have occurred. Paragraph 11 (relating to certain circumstances under which you will not forfeit your unvested RSUs upon Employment termination) and Paragraph 12 (relating to certain circumstances under which vesting, delivery and/or release of Transfer Restrictions may be accelerated) provide for exceptions to one or more provisions of this Paragraph 9.

(a) Unvested RSUs Forfeited if Your Employment Terminates. If your Employment terminates for any reason or you are otherwise no longer actively employed with the Firm (which includes off-premises notice periods, “garden leaves,” pay in lieu of notice or any other similar status), your rights to your Outstanding RSUs that are not Vested will terminate, and no RSU Shares will be delivered in respect of such RSUs.

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(b) Vested and Unvested RSUs Forfeited if You Solicit Clients or Employees, Interfere with Client or Employee Relationships or Participate in the Hiring of Employees. If any of the following occurs before the applicable Delivery Date, your rights to all of your Outstanding RSUs (whether or not Vested) will terminate, and no RSU Shares will be delivered in respect of such RSUs:

(i) you, in any manner, directly or indirectly, (A) Solicit any Client to transact business with a Covered Enterprise or to reduce or refrain from doing any business with the Firm, (B) interfere with or damage (or attempt to interfere with or damage) any relationship between the Firm and any Client, (C) Solicit any person who is an employee of the Firm to resign from the Firm, (D) Solicit any Selected Firm Personnel to apply for or accept employment (or other association) with any person or entity other than the Firm, (E) hire or participate in the hiring of any Selected Firm Personnel by any person or entity other than the Firm (including, without limitation, participating in the identification of individuals for potential hire, and participating in any hiring decision), whether as an employee or consultant or otherwise, or

(ii) Selected Firm Personnel are Solicited, hired or accepted into partnership, membership or similar status by (A) any entity that you form, that bears your name, or in which you possess or control greater than a de minimis equity ownership, voting or profit participation, or (B) any entity where you have, or will have, direct or indirect managerial responsibility for such Selected Firm Personnel.

(c) Vested and Unvested RSUs and Shares at Risk Forfeited upon Certain Events. If any of the following occurs (i) your rights to all of your Outstanding RSUs (whether or not Vested) will terminate, and no RSU Shares will be delivered in respect of such RSUs and (ii) your rights to all of your Shares at Risk will terminate and your Shares at Risk will be cancelled, in each case, as may be further described below:

(i) You Failed to Consider Risk. You Failed to Consider Risk during the Firm’s              fiscal year.

(ii) Your Conduct Constitutes Cause. Any event that constitutes Cause has occurred before the applicable Delivery Date for RSUs or the Transferability Date for Shares at Risk.

(iii) You Do Not Meet Your Obligations to the Firm. The Committee determines that, before the applicable Delivery Date for RSUs or the Transferability Date for Shares at Risk, you failed to meet, in any respect, any obligation under any agreement with the Firm, or any agreement entered into in connection with your Employment or this Award, including the Firm’s notice period requirement applicable to you, any offer letter, employment agreement or any shareholders’ agreement relating to the Firm. Your failure to pay or reimburse the Firm, on demand, for any amount you owe to the Firm will constitute (A) failure to meet an obligation you have under an agreement, regardless of whether such obligation arises under a written agreement, and/or (B) a material violation of Firm policy constituting Cause.

(iv) You Do Not Provide Timely Certifications or Comply with Your Certifications. You fail to certify to GS Inc. that you have complied with all of the terms of the Plan and this Award Agreement, or the Committee determines that you have failed to comply with a term of the Plan or this Award Agreement to which you have certified compliance.

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(v) You Do Not Follow Dispute Resolution/Arbitration Procedures. You attempt to have any dispute under the Plan or this Award Agreement resolved in any manner that is not provided for by Paragraph 16 or Section 3.17 of the Plan.

(vi) You Bring an Action that Results in a Determination that Any Award Agreement Term Is Invalid. As a result of any action brought by you, it is determined that any term of this Award Agreement is invalid.

(vii) You Receive Compensation in Respect of Your Award from Another Employer. Your Employment terminates for any reason or you otherwise are no longer actively employed with the Firm and another entity grants you cash, equity or other property (whether vested or unvested) to replace, substitute for or otherwise in respect of any Outstanding RSUs or Shares at Risk; provided, however, that your rights will only be terminated in respect of the RSUs and Shares at Risk that are replaced, substituted for or otherwise considered by such other entity in making its grant.

REPAYMENT OF YOUR AWARD

10. When You May Be Required to Repay Your Award. If the Committee determines that any term of this Award was not satisfied, you will be required, immediately upon demand therefor, to repay to the Firm the following:

(a) Any RSU Shares (which, for the avoidance of doubt, includes any Shares at Risk) for which the terms (including the terms for delivery) of the related RSUs were not satisfied, in accordance with Section 2.6.3 of the Plan.

(b) Any Shares at Risk for which the terms (including the terms for the release of Transfer Restrictions) were not satisfied, in accordance with Section 2.5.3 of the Plan.

(c) Any RSU Shares that were delivered (but not subject to Transfer Restrictions) at the same time any Shares at Risk that are cancelled or required to be repaid were delivered.

(d) Any payments under Dividend Equivalent Rights for which the terms were not satisfied (including any such payments made in respect of RSUs that are forfeited or RSU Shares that are cancelled or required to be repaid), in accordance with Section 2.8.4 of the Plan.

(e) Any dividends paid in respect of any RSU Shares that are cancelled or required to be repaid.

(f) Any amount applied to satisfy tax withholding or other obligations with respect to any RSU, RSU Shares, dividend payments and payments under Dividend Equivalent Rights that are forfeited or required to be repaid.

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EXCEPTIONS TO THE VESTING, DELIVERY AND/OR TRANSFERABILITY DATES

11. Circumstances Under Which You Will Not Forfeit Your Unvested RSUs on Employment Termination (but the Original Delivery Date and Transferability Date Continue to Apply). If your Employment terminates at a time when you meet the requirements for Extended Absence, Retirement, “downsizing” or Approved Termination, each as described below, then Paragraph 9(a) will not apply, and your Outstanding RSUs will be treated as described in this Paragraph 11. All other terms of this Award Agreement, including the other forfeiture and repayment events in Paragraphs 9 and 10, continue to apply.

(a) Extended Absence or Retirement and No Association With a Covered Enterprise.

(i) Generally. If your Employment terminates by Extended Absence or Retirement, your Outstanding RSUs that are not Vested will become Vested. However, your rights to any Outstanding RSU that becomes Vested by this Paragraph 11(a)(i) will terminate and no RSU Share will be delivered in respect of that RSU if you Associate With a Covered Enterprise on or before the originally scheduled Vesting Date for that RSU.

(ii) Special Treatment for Involuntary or Mutual Agreement Termination. The second sentence of Paragraph 11(a)(i) (relating to forfeiture if you Associate With a Covered Enterprise) will not apply if (A) the Firm characterizes your Employment termination as “involuntary” or by “mutual agreement” and (B) you execute a general waiver and release of claims and an agreement to pay any associated tax liability, in each case, in the form the Firm prescribes. No Employment termination that you initiate, including any purported “constructive termination,” a “termination for good reason” or similar concepts, can be “involuntary” or by “mutual agreement.”

(b) Downsizing. If (i) the Firm terminates your Employment solely by reason of a “downsizing” (and you have not engaged in conduct constituting Cause) and (ii) you execute a general waiver and release of claims and an agreement to pay any associated tax liability, in each case, in the form the Firm prescribes, your Outstanding RSUs that are not yet Vested will become Vested. Whether or not your Employment is terminated solely by reason of a “downsizing” will be determined by the Firm in its sole discretion.

(c) Approved Terminations of Program Analysts and Fixed-Term Employees. If the Firm classifies you as a “program analyst” or a “fixed-term” employee and your Employment terminates solely by reason of an Approved Termination (and you have not engaged in conduct constituting Cause), your Outstanding RSUs that are not yet Vested will become Vested.

12. Accelerated Vesting, Delivery and/or Release of Transfer Restrictions in the Event of a Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control, Conflicted Employment or Death. In the event of your Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control, Conflicted Employment or death, each as described below, then Paragraph 9(a) will not apply, your Outstanding Award will be treated as described in this Paragraph 12, and, except as set forth in Paragraph 12(a), all other terms of this Award Agreement, including the other forfeiture and repayment events in Paragraphs 9 and 10, continue to apply.

(a) You Have a Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control. If your Employment terminates when you meet the requirements of a Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control, the RSU Shares underlying your Outstanding RSUs (whether or not Vested) will be delivered, and any Transfer Restrictions will cease to apply. In addition, the forfeiture events in Paragraph 9 will not apply to your Award.

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(b) You Are Determined to Have Accepted Conflicted Employment.

(i) Generally. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Plan or otherwise, for purposes of this Award Agreement, “Conflicted Employment” means your employment at any U.S. Federal, state or local government, any non-U.S. government, any supranational or international organization, any self-regulatory organization, or any agency or instrumentality of any such government or organization, or any other employer (other than an “Accounting Firm” within the meaning of SEC Rule 2-01(f)(2) of Regulation S-X or any successor thereto) determined by the Committee, if, as a result of such employment, your continued holding of any Outstanding Award would result in an actual or perceived conflict of interest. The following will apply as soon as practicable after the Committee has received satisfactory documentation relating to your Conflicted Employment.

(A) Vesting. If your Employment terminates solely because you resign to accept Conflicted Employment and you have completed at least three years of continuous service with the Firm, your Outstanding RSUs will Vest; otherwise, you will forfeit any Outstanding RSUs that are not Vested in accordance with Paragraph 9(a).

(B) Delivery and Release of Transfer Restrictions. If your Employment terminates solely because you resign to accept Conflicted Employment or if, following your termination of Employment, you notify the Firm that you are accepting Conflicted Employment, RSU Shares will be delivered in respect of your Outstanding Vested RSUs (including in the form of cash as described in Paragraph 13(b)) and any Transfer Restrictions will cease to apply.

(ii) You May Have to Take Other Steps to Address Conflicts of Interest. The Committee retains the authority to exercise its rights under the Award Agreement or the Plan (including Section 1.3.2 of the Plan) to take or require you to take other steps it determines in its sole discretion to be necessary or appropriate to cure an actual or perceived conflict of interest (which may include a determination that the accelerated vesting, delivery and/or release of Transfer Restrictions described in Paragraph 12(b)(i) will not apply because such actions are not necessary or appropriate to cure an actual or perceived conflict of interest).

(c) Death. If you die, the RSU Shares underlying your Outstanding RSUs (whether or not Vested) will be delivered to the representative of your estate and any Transfer Restrictions will cease to apply as soon as practicable after the date of death and after such documentation as may be requested by the Committee is provided to the Committee.

OTHER TERMS, CONDITIONS AND AGREEMENTS

13. Additional Terms, Conditions and Agreements.

(a) You Must Satisfy Applicable Tax Withholding Requirements. Delivery of RSU Shares is conditioned on your satisfaction of any applicable withholding taxes in accordance with Section 3.2 of the Plan, which includes the Firm deducting or withholding amounts from any payment or distribution to you (which, notwithstanding Section 3.2.2 of the Plan, may exceed the statutory minimum rate if and to the extent determined by the Committee or the SIP Committee). In addition, to the extent permitted by applicable law, the Firm, in its sole discretion, may require

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you to provide amounts equal to all or a portion of any Federal, state, local, foreign or other tax obligations imposed on you or the Firm in connection with the grant, Vesting or delivery of this Award by requiring you to choose between remitting the amount (i) in cash (or through payroll deduction or otherwise) or (ii) in the form of proceeds from the Firm’s executing a sale of RSU Shares delivered to you under this Award. In addition, if you are an individual with separate employment contracts (at any time during and/or after the Firm’s              fiscal year), the Firm, in its sole discretion, may require you to provide for a reserve in an amount the Firm determines is advisable or necessary in connection with any actual, anticipated or potential tax consequences related to your separate employment contracts by requiring you to choose between remitting such amount (i) in cash (or through payroll deduction or otherwise) or (ii) in the form of proceeds from the Firm’s executing a sale of shares of Common Stock delivered to you pursuant to this Award (or any other Outstanding awards granted under the Plan or any predecessor or successor plan thereto). In no event, however, does this Paragraph 13(a) give you any discretion to determine or affect the timing of the delivery of RSU Shares or the timing of payment of tax obligations.

(b) Firm May Deliver Cash or Other Property Instead of RSU Shares. In accordance with Section 1.3.2(i) of the Plan, in the sole discretion of the Committee, in lieu of all or any portion of the RSU Shares, the Firm may deliver cash, other securities, other awards under the Plan or other property, and all references in this Award Agreement to deliveries of RSU Shares will include such deliveries of cash, other securities, other awards under the Plan or other property.

(c) Amounts May Be Rounded to Avoid Fractional Shares. RSUs that become Vested on a Vesting Date, RSU Shares that become deliverable on a Delivery Date and RSU Shares subject to Transfer Restrictions may, in each case, be rounded to avoid fractional Shares.

(d) You May Be Required to Become a Party to the Shareholders’ Agreement. Your rights to your RSUs are conditioned on your becoming a party to any shareholders’ agreement to which other similarly situated employees (e.g., employees with a similar title or position) of the Firm are required to be a party.

(e) Firm May Affix Legends and Place Stop Orders on Restricted RSU Shares. GS Inc. may affix to Certificates representing RSU Shares any legend that the Committee determines to be necessary or advisable (including to reflect any restrictions to which you may be subject under a separate agreement). GS Inc. may advise the transfer agent to place a stop order against any legended RSU Shares.

(f) You Agree to Certain Consents, Terms and Conditions. By accepting this Award you understand and agree that:

(i) You Agree to Certain Consents as a Condition to the Award. You have expressly consented to all of the items listed in Section 3.3.3(d) of the Plan, including the Firm’s supplying to any third-party recordkeeper of the Plan or other person such personal information of yours as the Committee deems advisable to administer the Plan, and you agree to provide any additional consents that the Committee determines to be necessary or advisable;

(ii) You Are Subject to the Firm’s Policies, Rules and Procedures. You are subject to the Firm’s policies in effect from time to time concerning trading in RSU Shares and hedging or pledging RSU Shares and equity-based compensation or other awards (including, without limitation, the Firm’s “Policies with Respect to Personal Transactions Involving GS Securities and GS Equity Awards” or any successor policies), and confidential or proprietary

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information, and you will effect sales of RSU Shares in accordance with such rules and procedures as may be adopted from time to time (which may include, without limitation, restrictions relating to the timing of sale requests, the manner in which sales are executed, pricing method, consolidation or aggregation of orders and volume limits determined by the Firm);

(iii) You Are Responsible for Costs Associated with Your Award. You will be responsible for all brokerage costs and other fees or expenses associated with your RSUs, including those related to the sale of RSU Shares;

(iv) You Will Be Deemed to Represent Your Compliance with All the Terms of Your Award if You Accept Delivery of, or Sell, RSU Shares. You will be deemed to have represented and certified that you have complied with all of the terms of the Plan and this Award Agreement when RSU Shares are delivered to you, you receive payment in respect of Dividend Equivalent Rights and you request the sale of RSU Shares following the release of Transfer Restrictions;

(v) Firm May Deliver Your Award into an Escrow Account. The Firm may establish and maintain an escrow account on such terms (which may include your executing any documents related to, and your paying for any costs associated with, such account) as it may deem necessary or appropriate, and the delivery of RSU Shares (including Shares at Risk) or the payment of cash or other property may initially be made into and held in that escrow account until such time as the Committee has received such documentation as it may have requested or until the Committee has determined that any other conditions or restrictions on delivery of RSU Shares, cash or other property required by this Award Agreement have been satisfied;

(vi) You May Be Required to Certify Compliance with Award Terms; You Are Responsible for Providing the Firm with Updated Address and Contact Information After Your Departure from the Firm. If your Employment terminates while you continue to hold RSUs or Shares at Risk, from time to time, you may be required to provide certifications of your compliance with all of the terms of the Plan and this Award Agreement as described in Paragraph 9(c)(iv). You understand and agree that (A) your address on file with the Firm at the time any certification is required will be deemed to be your current address, (B) it is your responsibility to inform the Firm of any changes to your address to ensure timely receipt of the certification materials, (C) you are responsible for contacting the Firm to obtain such certification materials if not received and (D) your failure to return properly completed certification materials by the specified deadline (which includes your failure to timely return the completed certification because you did not provide the Firm with updated contact information) will result in the forfeiture of all of your RSUs and Shares at Risk and subject previously delivered amounts to repayment under Paragraph 9(c)(iv);

(vii) You Authorize the Firm to Register, in Its or Its Designee’s Name, Any Shares at Risk and Sell, Assign or Transfer Any Forfeited Shares at Risk. You are granting to the Firm the full power and authority to register any Shares at Risk in its or its designee’s name and authorizing the Firm or its designee to sell, assign or transfer any Shares at Risk if you forfeit your Shares at Risk;

(viii) You Must Comply with Applicable Deadlines and Procedures to Appeal Determinations Made by the Committee, the SIP Committee or SIP Administrators. In order to appeal a determination by the Committee, the SIP Committee, the SIP Administrators, or any of their delegates or designees, you must submit a written request for the appeal within 180 days after receipt of any such determination. You must exhaust all administrative remedies before seeking to resolve a dispute through arbitration pursuant to Paragraph 16 and Section 3.17 of the Plan; and

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(ix) You Agree that Covered Persons Will Not Have Liability. In addition to and without limiting the generality of the provisions of Section 1.3.5 of the Plan, neither the Firm nor any Covered Person will have any liability to you or any other person for any action taken or omitted in respect of this or any other Award.

14. Non-transferability. Except as otherwise may be provided in this Paragraph 14 or as otherwise may be provided by the Committee, the limitations on transferability set forth in Section 3.5 of the Plan will apply to this Award. Any purported transfer or assignment in violation of the provisions of this Paragraph 14 or Section 3.5 of the Plan will be void. The Committee may adopt procedures pursuant to which some or all recipients of RSUs may transfer some or all of their RSUs and/or Shares at Risk (which will continue to be subject to Transfer Restrictions until the Transferability Date) through a gift for no consideration to any immediate family member, a trust or other estate planning vehicle approved by the Committee or SIP Committee in which the recipient and/or the recipient’s immediate family members in the aggregate have 100% of the beneficial interest.

15. Right of Offset. Except as provided in Paragraph 18(h), the obligation to deliver RSU Shares, to pay dividends or payments under Dividend Equivalent Rights or to remove the Transfer Restrictions under this Award Agreement is subject to Section 3.4 of the Plan, which provides for the Firm’s right to offset against such obligation any outstanding amounts you owe to the Firm and any amounts the Committee deems appropriate pursuant to any tax equalization policy or agreement.

ARBITRATION, CHOICE OF FORUM AND GOVERNING LAW

16. Arbitration; Choice of Forum.

(a) BY ACCEPTING THIS AWARD, YOU ARE INDICATING THAT YOU UNDERSTAND AND AGREE THAT THE ARBITRATION AND CHOICE OF FORUM PROVISIONS SET FORTH IN SECTION 3.17 OF THE PLAN WILL APPLY TO THIS AWARD. THESE PROVISIONS, WHICH ARE EXPRESSLY INCORPORATED HEREIN BY REFERENCE, PROVIDE AMONG OTHER THINGS THAT ANY DISPUTE, CONTROVERSY OR CLAIM BETWEEN THE FIRM AND YOU ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO OR CONCERNING THE PLAN OR THIS AWARD AGREEMENT WILL BE FINALLY SETTLED BY ARBITRATION IN NEW YORK CITY, PURSUANT TO THE TERMS MORE FULLY SET FORTH IN SECTION 3.17 OF THE PLAN; PROVIDED THAT NOTHING HEREIN SHALL PRECLUDE YOU FROM FILING A CHARGE WITH OR PARTICIPATING IN ANY INVESTIGATION OR PROCEEDING CONDUCTED BY ANY GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE SEC AND THE EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION.

(b) To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, no arbitrator will have the authority to consider class, collective or representative claims, to order consolidation or to join different claimants or grant relief other than on an individual basis to the individual claimant involved.

(c) Notwithstanding any applicable forum rules to the contrary, to the extent there is a question of enforceability of this Award Agreement arising from a challenge to the arbitrator’s jurisdiction or to the arbitrability of a claim, it will be decided by a court and not an arbitrator.

(d) All references to the New York Stock Exchange in Section 3.17 of the Plan will be read as references to the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.

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(e) The Federal Arbitration Act governs interpretation and enforcement of all arbitration provisions under the Plan and this Award Agreement, and all arbitration proceedings thereunder.

(f) Nothing in this Award Agreement creates a substantive right to bring a claim under U.S. Federal, state, or local employment laws.

17. Governing Law. THIS AWARD WILL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, WITHOUT REGARD TO PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICT OF LAWS.

CERTAIN TAX PROVISIONS

18. Compliance of Award Agreement and Plan with Section 409A. The provisions of this Paragraph 18 apply to you only if you are a U.S. taxpayer.

(a) This Award Agreement and the Plan provisions that apply to this Award are intended and will be construed to comply with Section 409A (including the requirements applicable to, or the conditions for exemption from treatment as, 409A Deferred Compensation), whether by reason of short-term deferral treatment or other exceptions or provisions. The Committee will have full authority to give effect to this intent. To the extent necessary to give effect to this intent, in the case of any conflict or potential inconsistency between the provisions of the Plan (including Sections 1.3.2 and 2.1 thereof) and this Award Agreement, the provisions of this Award Agreement will govern, and in the case of any conflict or potential inconsistency between this Paragraph 18 and the other provisions of this Award Agreement, this Paragraph 18 will govern.

(b) Delivery of RSU Shares will not be delayed beyond the date on which all applicable conditions or restrictions on delivery of RSU Shares required by this Agreement (including those specified in Paragraphs 6, 7, 11(a)(ii), 11(b), 12(c) and 13 and the consents and other items specified in Section 3.3 of the Plan) are satisfied. To the extent that any portion of this Award is intended to satisfy the requirements for short-term deferral treatment under Section 409A, delivery for such portion will occur by the March 15 coinciding with the last day of the applicable “short-term deferral” period described in Reg. 1.409A-1(b)(4) in order for the delivery of RSU Shares to be within the short-term deferral exception unless, in order to permit all applicable conditions or restrictions on delivery to be satisfied, the Committee elects, pursuant to Reg. 1.409A-1(b)(4)(i)(D) or otherwise as may be permitted in accordance with Section 409A, to delay delivery of RSU Shares to a later date within the same calendar year or to such later date as may be permitted under Section 409A, including Reg. 1.409A-2(b)(7) (in conjunction with Section 3.21.3 of the Plan pertaining to Code Section 162(m)) and Reg. 1.409A-3(d). For the avoidance of doubt, if the Award includes a “series of installment payments” as described in Reg. 1.409A-2(b)(2)(iii), your right to the series of installment payments will be treated as a right to a series of separate payments and not as a right to a single payment.

(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of Paragraph 13(b) and Section 1.3.2(i) of the Plan, to the extent necessary to comply with Section 409A, any securities, other Awards or other property that the Firm may deliver in respect of your RSUs will not have the effect of deferring delivery or payment, income inclusion, or a substantial risk of forfeiture, beyond the date on which such delivery, payment or inclusion would occur or such risk of forfeiture would lapse, with respect to the RSU Shares that would otherwise have been deliverable (unless the Committee elects a later date for this purpose pursuant to Reg. 1.409A-1(b)(4)(i)(D) or otherwise as may be permitted under Section 409A, including and to the extent applicable, the subsequent election provisions of Section 409A(a)(4)(C) of the Code and Reg. 1.409A-2(b)).

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(d) Notwithstanding the timing provisions of Paragraph 12(c), the delivery of RSU Shares referred to therein will be made after the date of death and during the calendar year that includes the date of death (or on such later date as may be permitted under Section 409A).

(e) The timing of delivery or payment pursuant to Paragraph 12(a) will occur on the earlier of (i) the Delivery Date or (ii) a date that is within the calendar year in which the termination of Employment occurs; provided, however, that, if you are a “specified employee” (as defined by the Firm in accordance with Section 409A(a)(2)(i)(B) of the Code), delivery will occur on the earlier of the Delivery Date or (to the extent required to avoid the imposition of additional tax under Section 409A) the date that is six months after your termination of Employment (or, if the latter date is not during a Window Period, the first trading day of the next Window Period). For purposes of Paragraph 12(a), references in this Award Agreement to termination of Employment mean a termination of Employment from the Firm (as defined by the Firm) which is also a separation from service (as defined by the Firm in accordance with Section 409A).

(f) Notwithstanding any provision of Paragraph 8 or Section 2.8.2 of the Plan to the contrary, the Dividend Equivalent Rights with respect to each of your Outstanding RSUs will be paid to you within the calendar year that includes the date of distribution of any corresponding regular cash dividends paid by GS Inc. in respect of a share of Common Stock the record date for which occurs on or after the Date of Grant. The payment will be in an amount (less applicable withholding) equal to such regular dividend payment as would have been made in respect of the RSU Shares underlying such Outstanding RSUs.

(g) The timing of delivery or payment referred to in Paragraph 12(b)(i) will be the earlier of (i) the Delivery Date or (ii) a date that is within the calendar year in which the Committee receives satisfactory documentation relating to your Conflicted Employment, provided that such delivery or payment will be made, and any Committee action referred to in Paragraph 12(b)(ii) will be taken, only at such time as, and if and to the extent that it, as reasonably determined by the Firm, would not result in the imposition of any additional tax to you under Section 409A.

(h) Paragraph 15 and Section 3.4 of the Plan will not apply to Awards that are 409A Deferred Compensation except to the extent permitted under Section 409A.

(i) Delivery of RSU Shares in respect of any Award may be made, if and to the extent elected by the Committee, later than the Delivery Date or other date or period specified hereinabove (but, in the case of any Award that constitutes 409A Deferred Compensation, only to the extent that the later delivery is permitted under Section 409A).

(j) You understand and agree that you are solely responsible for the payment of any taxes and penalties due pursuant to Section 409A, but in no event will you be permitted to designate, directly or indirectly, the taxable year of the delivery.

19. Compliance of Award Agreement and Plan with Section 162(m). If you are or become considered by GS Inc. to be one of its “covered employees” within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code, then you will be subject to Section 3.21.3 of the Plan, as a result of which delivery of your RSU Shares may be delayed.

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COMMITTEE AUTHORITY, AMENDMENT AND CONSTRUCTION

20. Committee Authority. The Committee has the authority to determine, in its sole discretion, that any event triggering forfeiture or repayment of your Award will not apply, to limit the forfeitures and repayments that result under Paragraphs 9 and 10 and to remove Transfer Restrictions before the Transferability Date. In addition, the Committee, in its sole discretion, may determine whether Paragraphs 11(a)(ii) and 11(b) will apply upon a termination of Employment and whether a termination of Employment constitutes an Approved Termination under Paragraph 11(c).

21. Amendment. The Committee reserves the right at any time to amend the terms of this Award Agreement, and the Board may amend the Plan in any respect; provided that, notwithstanding the foregoing and Sections 1.3.2(f), 1.3.2(h) and 3.1 of the Plan, no such amendment will materially adversely affect your rights and obligations under this Award Agreement without your consent; and provided further that the Committee expressly reserves its rights to amend the Award Agreement and the Plan as described in Sections 1.3.2(h)(1), (2) and (4) of the Plan. A modification that impacts the tax consequences of this Award or the timing of delivery of RSU Shares will not be an amendment that materially adversely affects your rights and obligations under this Award Agreement. Any amendment of this Award Agreement will be in writing.

22. Construction, Headings. Unless the context requires otherwise, (a) words describing the singular number include the plural and vice versa, (b) words denoting any gender include all genders and (c) the words “include,” “includes” and “including” will be deemed to be followed by the words “without limitation.” The headings in this Award Agreement are for the purpose of convenience only and are not intended to define or limit the construction of the provisions hereof. References in this Award Agreement to any specific Plan provision will not be construed as limiting the applicability of any other Plan provision.

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, GS Inc. has caused this Award Agreement to be duly executed and delivered as of the Date of Grant.

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.

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DEFINITIONS APPENDIX

The following capitalized terms are used in this Award Agreement with the following meanings:

(a) “409A Deferred Compensation” means a “deferral of compensation” or “deferred compensation” as those terms are defined in the regulations under Section 409A.

(b) “Approved Termination” means that you are classified by the Firm as a “program analyst” or “fixed-term employee” and you (i) successfully complete the analyst program or fixed-term engagement, as applicable and determined by the Firm in its sole discretion, including remaining Employed through the completion date specified by the Firm, and (ii) terminate Employment immediately after the completion date without any “stay-on” or other agreement or understanding to continue Employment with the Firm. If you agree to stay with the Firm as an employee after your analyst program or fixed-term engagement ends and then later terminate Employment, you will not have an Approved Termination.

(c) “Associate With a Covered Enterprise” means that you (i) form, or acquire a 5% or greater equity ownership, voting or profit participation interest in, any Covered Enterprise or (ii) associate in any capacity (including association as an officer, employee, partner, director, consultant, agent or advisor) with any Covered Enterprise. Associate With a Covered Enterprise may include, as determined in the discretion of either the Committee or the SIP Committee, (i) becoming the subject of any publicly available announcement or report of a pending or future association with a Covered Enterprise and (ii) unpaid associations, including an association in contemplation of future employment. “Association With a Covered Enterprise” will have its correlative meaning.

(d) “Conflicted Employment” means your employment at any U.S. Federal, state or local government, any non-U.S. government, any supranational or international organization, any self-regulatory organization, or any agency or instrumentality of any such government or organization, or any other employer (other than an “Accounting Firm” within the meaning of SEC Rule 2-01(f)(2) of Regulation S-X or any successor thereto) determined by the Committee, if, as a result of such employment, your continued holding of any Outstanding Award would result in an actual or perceived conflict of interest.

(e) “Covered Enterprise” means an existing or planned business enterprise that competes with the Firm (which, for this purpose means offering products or services that are the same as or similar to those offered by the Firm (“Firm Products or Services”)), or reasonably may be expected to do so. The enterprises covered by this definition include enterprises that offer Firm Products or Services directly, as well as those that do so indirectly by ownership or control (e.g., by owning, being owned by, or being under common ownership with an enterprise that offers Firm Products or Services). An enterprise will be treated as providing Firm Products or Services if, solely by way of example, it provides products or services associated with investment banking, public or private finance, lending, financial advisory services, private investing (for anyone other than you or your family members), private banking, commercial banking, merchant banking, asset or hedge fund management, insurance or reinsurance underwriting or brokerage, property management, or securities, futures, commodities, energy, derivatives or currency brokerage, sales, lending, custody, clearance, settlement or trading. A Competitive Enterprise is a Covered Enterprise. An enterprise that offers, or may reasonably be expected to offer, Firm Products or Services is a Covered Enterprise irrespective of whether the enterprise is a customer, client or counterparty of the Firm, and, because the Firm is a global enterprise, irrespective of where the Covered Enterprise is physically located.

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(f) “Failed to Consider Risk” means that you participated in the structuring or marketing of any product or service, or participated on behalf of the Firm or any of its clients in the purchase or sale of any security or other property, in any case without appropriate consideration of the risk to the Firm or the broader financial system as a whole (for example, where you have improperly analyzed such risk or where you have failed sufficiently to raise concerns about such risk) and, as a result of such action or omission, the Committee determines there has been, or reasonably could be expected to be, a material adverse impact on the Firm, your business unit or the broader financial system.

(g) “Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control” means that the Firm terminates your Employment other than for Cause or you terminate your Employment for Good Reason, in each case, within 18 months following a Change in Control.

(h) “SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

(i) “Selected Firm Personnel” means any individual who is or in the three months preceding the conduct prohibited by Paragraph 9(b) was (i) a Firm employee or consultant with whom you personally worked while employed by the Firm, (ii) a Firm employee or consultant who, at any time during the year preceding the date of the termination of your Employment, worked in the same division in which you worked or (iii) an Advisory Director, a Managing Director or a Senior Advisor of the Firm.

(j) “Shares at Risk” means RSU Shares subject to Transfer Restrictions.

The following capitalized terms are used in this Award Agreement with the meanings that are assigned to them in the Plan.

(a) “Account” means any brokerage account, custody account or similar account, as approved or required by GS Inc. from time to time, into which shares of Common Stock, cash or other property in respect of an Award are delivered.

(b) “Award Agreement” means the written document or documents by which each Award is evidenced, including any Award Statement.

(c) “Award Statement” means a written statement that reflects certain Award terms.

(d) “Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in New York City are authorized or obligated by Federal law or executive order to be closed.

(e) “Cause” means (i) the Grantee’s conviction, whether following trial or by plea of guilty or nolo contendere (or similar plea), in a criminal proceeding (A) on a misdemeanor charge involving fraud, false statements or misleading omissions, wrongful taking, embezzlement, bribery, forgery, counterfeiting or extortion, or (B) on a felony charge, or (C) on an equivalent charge to those in clauses (A) and (B) in jurisdictions which do not use those designations, (ii) the Grantee’s engaging in any conduct which constitutes an employment disqualification under applicable law (including statutory disqualification as defined under the Exchange Act), (iii) the Grantee’s willful failure to perform the Grantee’s duties to the Firm, (iv) the Grantee’s violation of any securities or commodities laws, any rules or regulations issued pursuant to such laws, or the rules and regulations of any securities or commodities exchange or association of which the Firm is a member, (v) the Grantee’s violation of any Firm policy concerning hedging or pledging or confidential or proprietary information, or the Grantee’s material violation of any other Firm policy as in effect from time to time, (vi) the Grantee’s engaging in any act or making any statement which impairs, impugns, denigrates, disparages or negatively reflects upon the name, reputation or business interests of the Firm or (vii) the Grantee’s engaging in any conduct detrimental to the Firm. The determination as to whether Cause has occurred shall be made by the Committee in its sole discretion and, in such case, the Committee also may, but shall not be required to, specify the date such Cause

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occurred (including by determining that a prior termination of Employment was for Cause). Any rights the Firm may have hereunder and in any Award Agreement in respect of the events giving rise to Cause shall be in addition to the rights the Firm may have under any other agreement with a Grantee or at law or in equity.

(f) “Change in Control” means the consummation of a merger, consolidation, statutory share exchange or similar form of corporate transaction involving GS Inc. (a “Reorganization”) or sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of GS Inc.’s assets to an entity that is not an affiliate of GS Inc. (a “Sale”), that in each case requires the approval of GS Inc.’s shareholders under the law of GS Inc.’s jurisdiction of organization, whether for such Reorganization or Sale (or the issuance of securities of GS Inc. in such Reorganization or Sale), unless immediately following such Reorganization or Sale, either: (i) at least 50% of the total voting power (in respect of the election of directors, or similar officials in the case of an entity other than a corporation) of (A) the entity resulting from such Reorganization, or the entity which has acquired all or substantially all of the assets of GS Inc. in a Sale (in either case, the “Surviving Entity”), or (B) if applicable, the ultimate parent entity that directly or indirectly has beneficial ownership (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act, as such Rule is in effect on the date of the adoption of the 1999 SIP) of 50% or more of the total voting power (in respect of the election of directors, or similar officials in the case of an entity other than a corporation) of the Surviving Entity (the “Parent Entity”) is represented by GS Inc.’s securities (the “GS Inc. Securities”) that were outstanding immediately prior to such Reorganization or Sale (or, if applicable, is represented by shares into which such GS Inc. Securities were converted pursuant to such Reorganization or Sale) or (ii) at least 50% of the members of the board of directors (or similar officials in the case of an entity other than a corporation) of the Parent Entity (or, if there is no Parent Entity, the Surviving Entity) following the consummation of the Reorganization or Sale were, at the time of the Board’s approval of the execution of the initial agreement providing for such Reorganization or Sale, individuals (the “Incumbent Directors”) who either (A) were members of the Board on the Effective Date or (B) became directors subsequent to the Effective Date and whose election or nomination for election was approved by a vote of at least two-thirds of the Incumbent Directors then on the Board (either by a specific vote or by approval of GS Inc.’s proxy statement in which such persons are named as nominees for director).

(g) “Client” means any client or prospective client of the Firm to whom the Grantee provided services, or for whom the Grantee transacted business, or whose identity became known to the Grantee in connection with the Grantee’s relationship with or employment by the Firm.

(h) “Committee” means the committee appointed by the Board to administer the Plan pursuant to Section 1.3, and, to the extent the Board determines it is appropriate for the compensation realized from Awards under the Plan to be considered “performance based” compensation under Section 162(m) of the Code, shall be a committee or subcommittee of the Board composed of two or more members, each of whom is an “outside director” within the meaning of Code Section 162(m), and which, to the extent the Board determines it is appropriate for Awards under the Plan to qualify for the exemption available under Rule 16b-3(d)(1) or Rule 16b-3(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act, shall be a committee or subcommittee of the Board composed of two or more members, each of whom is a “non-employee director” within the meaning of Rule 16b-3. Unless otherwise determined by the Board, the Committee shall be the Compensation Committee of the Board.

(i) “Common Stock” means common stock of GS Inc., par value $0.01 per share.

(j) “Competitive Enterprise” means an existing or planned business enterprise that (i) engages, or may reasonably be expected to engage, in any activity, (ii) owns or controls, or may reasonably be expected to own or control, a significant interest in or (iii) is, or may reasonably be expected to be, owned by, or a significant interest in which is, or may reasonably expected to be, owned or controlled by, any

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entity that engages in any activity that, in any case, competes or will compete anywhere with any activity in which the Firm is engaged. The activities covered by this definition include, without limitation, financial services such as investment banking, public or private finance, lending, financial advisory services, private investing (for anyone other than the Grantee and members of the Grantee’s family), merchant banking, asset or hedge fund management, insurance or reinsurance underwriting or brokerage, property management, or securities, futures, commodities, energy, derivatives or currency brokerage, sales, lending, custody, clearance, settlement or trading.

(k) “Covered Person” means a member of the Board or the Committee or any employee of the Firm.

(l) “Date of Grant” means the date specified in the Grantee’s Award Agreement as the date of grant of the Award.

(m) “Delivery Date” means each date specified in the Grantee’s Award Agreement as a delivery date, provided, unless the Committee determines otherwise, such date is during a Window Period or, if such date is not during a Window Period, the first trading day of the first Window Period beginning after such date.

(n) “Dividend Equivalent Right” means a dividend equivalent right granted under the Plan, which represents an unfunded and unsecured promise to pay to the Grantee amounts equal to all or any portion of the regular cash dividends that would be paid on shares of Common Stock covered by an Award if such shares had been delivered pursuant to an Award.

(o) “Employment” means the Grantee’s performance of services for the Firm, as determined by the Committee. The terms “employ” and “employed” shall have their correlative meanings. The Committee in its sole discretion may determine (i) whether and when a Grantee’s leave of absence results in a termination of Employment (for this purpose, unless the Committee determines otherwise, a Grantee shall be treated as terminating Employment with the Firm upon the occurrence of an Extended Absence), (ii) whether and when a change in a Grantee’s association with the Firm results in a termination of Employment and (iii) the impact, if any, of any such leave of absence or change in association on Awards theretofore made. Unless expressly provided otherwise, any references in the Plan or any Award Agreement to a Grantee’s Employment being terminated shall include both voluntary and involuntary terminations.

(p) “Extended Absence” means the Grantee’s inability to perform for six (6) continuous months, due to illness, injury or pregnancy-related complications, substantially all the essential duties of the Grantee’s occupation, as determined by the Committee.

(q) “Firm” means GS Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.

(r) “Good Reason” means, in connection with a termination of employment by a Grantee following a Change in Control, (a) as determined by the Committee, a materially adverse alteration in the Grantee’s position or in the nature or status of the Grantee’s responsibilities from those in effect immediately prior to the Change in Control or (b) the Firm’s requiring the Grantee’s principal place of Employment to be located more than seventy-five (75) miles from the location where the Grantee is principally Employed at the time of the Change in Control (except for required travel on the Firm’s business to an extent substantially consistent with the Grantee’s customary business travel obligations in the ordinary course of business prior to the Change in Control).

(s) “Grantee” means a person who receives an Award.

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(t) “GS Inc.” means The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., and any successor thereto.

(u) “Outstanding” means any Award to the extent it has not been forfeited, cancelled, terminated, exercised or with respect to which the shares of Common Stock underlying the Award have not been previously delivered or other payments made.

(v) “Retirement” means termination of the Grantee’s Employment (other than for Cause) on or after the Date of Grant at a time when (i) (A) the sum of the Grantee’s age plus years of service with the Firm (as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion) equals or exceeds 60 and (B) the Grantee has completed at least 10 years of service with the Firm (as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion) or, if earlier, (ii) (A) the Grantee has attained age 50 and (B) the Grantee has completed at least five years of service with the Firm (as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion).

(w) “RSU” means a restricted stock unit Award granted under the Plan, which represents an unfunded and unsecured promise to deliver shares of Common Stock in accordance with the terms of the RSU Award Agreement.

(x) “RSU Shares” means shares of Common Stock that underlie an RSU.

(y) “Section 409A” means Section 409A of the Code, including any amendments or successor provisions to that Section and any regulations and other administrative guidance thereunder, in each case as they, from time to time, may be amended or interpreted through further administrative guidance.

(z) “SIP Administrator” means each person designated by the Committee as a “SIP Administrator” with the authority to perform day-to-day administrative functions for the Plan.

(aa) “SIP Committee” means the persons who have been delegated certain authority under the Plan by the Committee.

(bb) “Solicit” means any direct or indirect communication of any kind whatsoever, regardless of by whom initiated, inviting, advising, encouraging or requesting any person or entity, in any manner, to take or refrain from taking any action.

(cc) “Transfer Restrictions” means restrictions that prohibit the sale, exchange, transfer, assignment, pledge, hypothecation, fractionalization, hedge or other disposal (including through the use of any cash-settled instrument), whether voluntarily or involuntarily by the Grantee, of an Award or any shares of Common Stock, cash or other property delivered in respect of an Award.

(dd) “Transferability Date” means the date Transfer Restrictions on a Restricted Share will be released. Within 30 Business Days after the applicable Transferability Date, GS Inc. shall take, or shall cause to be taken, such steps as may be necessary to remove Transfer Restrictions.

(ee) “Vested” means, with respect to an Award, the portion of the Award that is not subject to a condition that the Grantee remain actively employed by the Firm in order for the Award to remain Outstanding. The fact that an Award becomes Vested shall not mean or otherwise indicate that the Grantee has an unconditional or nonforfeitable right to such Award, and such Award shall remain subject to such terms, conditions and forfeiture provisions as may be provided for in the Plan or in the Award Agreement.

(ff) “Vesting Date” means each date specified in the Grantee’s Award Agreement as a date on which part or all of an Award becomes Vested.

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(gg) “Window Period” means a period designated by the Firm during which all employees of the Firm are permitted to purchase or sell shares of Common Stock (provided that, if the Grantee is a member of a designated group of employees who are subject to different restrictions, the Window Period may be a period designated by the Firm during which an employee of the Firm in such designated group is permitted to purchase or sell shares of Common Stock).

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EX-10.49

EXHIBIT 10.49

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.

         YEAR-END RSU AWARD

This Award Agreement, together with The Goldman Sachs Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (2015) (the “Plan”), governs your              year-end award of RSUs (your “Award”). You should read carefully this entire Award Agreement, which includes the Award Statement and any attached Appendix.

ACCEPTANCE

1. You Must Decide Whether to Accept this Award Agreement. To be eligible to receive your Award, you must by the date specified (a) open and activate an Account and (b) agree to all the terms of your Award by executing the related signature card in accordance with its instructions. By executing the signature card, you confirm your agreement to all of the terms of this Award Agreement, including the arbitration and choice of forum provisions in Paragraph 16.

DOCUMENTS THAT GOVERN YOUR AWARD; DEFINITIONS

2. The Plan. Your Award is granted under the Plan, and the Plan’s terms apply to, and are a part of, this Award Agreement.

3. Your Award Statement. The Award Statement delivered to you contains some of your Award’s specific terms. For example, it contains the number of RSUs awarded to you and any applicable Vesting Dates, Delivery Dates and Transferability Dates.

4. Definitions. Capitalized terms are defined in the Definitions Appendix, which also includes terms that are defined in the Plan.

VESTING OF YOUR RSUS

5. Vesting. All of your RSUs are Vested. When an RSU is Vested, it means only that your continued active Employment is not required for delivery of that portion of RSU Shares. Vesting does not mean you have a non-forfeitable right to the Vested portion of your Award. The terms of this Award Agreement (including conditions to delivery and any applicable Transfer Restrictions) continue to apply to Vested RSUs, and you can still forfeit Vested RSUs and any RSU Shares.

DELIVERY OF YOUR RSU SHARES

6. Delivery. Reasonably promptly (but no more than 30 Business Days) after each Delivery Date listed on your Award Statement, RSU Shares (less applicable withholding as described in Paragraph 13(a)) will be delivered (by book entry credit to your Account) in respect of the amount of Outstanding RSUs listed next to that date. The Committee or the SIP Committee may select multiple dates within the 30-Business-Day period following the Delivery Date to deliver RSU Shares in respect of all or a portion of the RSUs with the same Delivery Date listed on the Award Statement, and all such dates will be treated as a single Delivery Date for purposes of this Award. Until such delivery, you have only the rights of a general unsecured creditor, and no rights as a shareholder of GS Inc. Without limiting the Committee’s authority under Section 1.3.2(h) of the Plan, the Firm may accelerate any Delivery Date by up to 30 days.

TRANSFER RESTRICTIONS FOLLOWING DELIVERY

7. Transfer Restrictions and Shares at Risk.

(a) [RSUs with a Delivery Date in or before             . For RSUs with a Delivery Date in or before             :]

(i) Fifty percent of the RSU Shares that are delivered on any date, before tax withholding (or, if the applicable tax withholding rate is greater than 50%, all RSU Shares delivered after tax withholding), will be Shares at Risk[ that are subject to Transfer Restrictions until the              Transferability Date, as set forth on your Award Statement].

(ii) [If the tax withholding rate is less than 50%, then any remaining RSU Shares that are delivered after tax withholding will be Shares at Risk subject to Transfer Restrictions until the Six-Month Transferability Date. ]This means that if, for example, on a Delivery Date, you are scheduled to receive delivery of 1,000 RSU Shares, and you are subject to a 40% withholding rate, then (a) 400 RSU Shares will be withheld for taxes, (b) 500 RSU Shares delivered to you will be Shares at Risk[ until the              Transferability Date] and (c) 100 RSU Shares delivered to you will[ be Shares at Risk until the Six-Month Transferability Date.]

(b) [RSUs with a Delivery Date in[ or after]             . For RSUs with a Delivery Date in[ or after]             , all RSU Shares delivered after tax withholding will be Shares at Risk][not be] subject to Transfer Restrictions[ until the Six-Month Transferability Date.]

(c) Any purported sale, exchange, transfer, assignment, pledge, hypothecation, fractionalization, hedge or other disposition in violation of the Transfer Restrictions on Shares at Risk will be void. Within 30 Business Days after the[ applicable] Transferability Date [listed on the Award Statement ](or any other date on which the Transfer Restrictions are to be removed), GS Inc. will remove the Transfer Restrictions. The Committee or the SIP Committee may select multiple dates within such 30-Business-Day period on which to remove Transfer Restrictions for all or a portion of the Shares at Risk with the same Transferability Date[ listed on the Award Statement], and all such dates will be treated as a single Transferability Date for purposes of this Award.

DIVIDENDS

8. Dividend Equivalent Rights and Dividends. Each RSU includes a Dividend Equivalent Right, which entitles you to receive an amount (less applicable withholding), at or after the time of distribution of any regular cash dividend paid by GS Inc. in respect of a share of Common Stock, equal to any regular cash dividend payment that would have been made in respect of an RSU Share underlying your Outstanding RSUs for any record date that occurs on or after the Date of Grant. In addition, you will be entitled to receive on a current basis any regular cash dividend paid in respect of your Shares at Risk.

FORFEITURE OF YOUR AWARD

9. How You May Forfeit Your Award. This Paragraph 9 sets forth the events that result in forfeiture of up to all of your RSUs and Shares at Risk and may require repayment to the Firm of up to all other amounts previously delivered or paid to you under your Award in accordance with Paragraph 10. More than one event may apply, and in no case will the occurrence of one event limit the forfeiture and repayment obligations as a result of the occurrence of any other event. In addition, the Firm reserves the

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right to (a) suspend delivery of RSU Shares or release of Transfer Restrictions, (b) deliver any RSU Shares into an escrow account in accordance with Paragraph 13(f)(v) or (c) apply Transfer Restrictions to any RSU Shares in connection with any investigation of whether any of the events that result in forfeiture under the Plan or this Paragraph 9 have occurred. Paragraph 11 (relating to certain circumstances under which restrictions on Association With a Covered Enterprise will not apply) and Paragraph 12 (relating to certain circumstances under which delivery and/or release of Transfer Restrictions may be accelerated) provide for exceptions to one or more provisions of this Paragraph 9.[ The Code Staff Forfeiture and Repayment Appendix supplements this Paragraph 9 and sets forth additional events that result in forfeiture of up to all of your RSUs and Shares at Risk and may require repayment to the Firm as described in Paragraph 10 and the Appendix.]

(a) RSUs Forfeited Upon Certain Events. If any of the following occurs, your rights to all of your Outstanding RSUs will terminate, and no RSU Shares will be delivered in respect of such RSUs:

(i) You Associate With a Covered Enterprise.

(A) If you Associate With a Covered Enterprise before the earlier of              or a Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control, your rights to all your Outstanding RSUs will terminate, and no RSU Shares will be delivered in respect of such RSUs.

(B) [If you Associate With a Covered Enterprise on or after              but before the earlier of              or a Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control, your rights to your Outstanding RSUs that are scheduled to deliver in             [,             ,              and             ] will terminate, and no RSU Shares will be delivered in respect of such RSUs.]

(ii) You Solicit Clients or Employees, Interfere with Client or Employee Relationships or Participate in the Hiring of Employees. Before the applicable Delivery Date, either:

(A) you, in any manner, directly or indirectly, (1) Solicit any Client to transact business with a Covered Enterprise or to reduce or refrain from doing any business with the Firm, (2) interfere with or damage (or attempt to interfere with or damage) any relationship between the Firm and any Client, (3) Solicit any person who is an employee of the Firm to resign from the Firm, (4) Solicit any Selected Firm Personnel to apply for or accept employment (or other association) with any person or entity other than the Firm, (5) hire or participate in the hiring of any Selected Firm Personnel by any person or entity other than the Firm (including, without limitation, participating in the identification of individuals for potential hire, and participating in any hiring decision), whether as an employee or consultant or otherwise, or

(B) Selected Firm Personnel are Solicited, hired or accepted into partnership, membership or similar status by (1) any entity that you form, that bears your name, or in which you possess or control greater than a de minimis equity ownership, voting or profit participation, or (2) any entity where you have, or will have, direct or indirect managerial responsibility for such Selected Firm Personnel.

(iii) GS Inc. Fails to Maintain the Minimum Tier 1 Capital Ratio. Before the applicable Delivery Date, GS Inc. fails to maintain the required “Minimum Tier 1 Capital Ratio” as defined under Federal Reserve Board Regulations applicable to GS Inc. for a period of 90 consecutive business days.

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(iv) GS Inc. Is Determined to Be in Default. Before the applicable Delivery Date, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve or the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) makes a written recommendation under Title II (Orderly Liquidation Authority) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act for the appointment of the FDIC as a receiver of GS Inc. based on a determination that GS Inc. is “in default” or “in danger of default.”

(b) RSUs and Shares at Risk Forfeited upon Certain Events. If any of the following occurs (i) your rights to all of your Outstanding RSUs will terminate, and no RSU Shares will be delivered in respect of such RSUs and (ii) your rights to all of your Shares at Risk will terminate and your Shares at Risk will be cancelled, in each case, as may be further described below:

(i) You Failed to Consider Risk. You Failed to Consider Risk during the Firm’s              fiscal year.

(ii) Your Conduct Constitutes Cause. Any event that constitutes Cause [(including, for the avoidance of doubt, “Serious Misconduct” as defined in the Code Staff Forfeiture and Repayment Appendix) ]has occurred before the applicable Delivery Date for RSUs or the[ applicable] Transferability Date for Shares at Risk.

(iii) You Do Not Meet Your Obligations to the Firm. The Committee determines that, before the applicable Delivery Date for RSUs or the[ applicable] Transferability Date for Shares at Risk, you failed to meet, in any respect, any obligation under any agreement with the Firm, or any agreement entered into in connection with your Employment or this Award, including the Firm’s notice period requirement applicable to you, any offer letter, employment agreement or any shareholders’ agreement relating to the Firm. Your failure to pay or reimburse the Firm, on demand, for any amount you owe to the Firm will constitute (A) failure to meet an obligation you have under an agreement, regardless of whether such obligation arises under a written agreement, and/or (B) a material violation of Firm policy constituting Cause.

(iv) You Do Not Provide Timely Certifications or Comply with Your Certifications. You fail to certify to GS Inc. that you have complied with all of the terms of the Plan and this Award Agreement, or the Committee determines that you have failed to comply with a term of the Plan or this Award Agreement to which you have certified compliance.

(v) You Do Not Follow Dispute Resolution/Arbitration Procedures. You attempt to have any dispute under the Plan or this Award Agreement resolved in any manner that is not provided for by Paragraph 16 or Section 3.17 of the Plan.

(vi) You Bring an Action that Results in a Determination that Any Award Agreement Term Is Invalid. As a result of any action brought by you, it is determined that any term of this Award Agreement is invalid.

(vii) You Receive Compensation in Respect of Your Award from Another Employer. Your Employment terminates for any reason or you otherwise are no longer actively employed with the Firm and another entity grants you cash, equity or other property (whether vested or unvested) to replace, substitute for or otherwise in respect of any Outstanding RSUs or Shares at Risk; provided, however, that your rights will only be terminated in respect of the RSUs and Shares at Risk that are replaced, substituted for or otherwise considered by such other entity in making its grant.

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(viii) [Accounting Restatement Required Under Sarbanes-Oxley. GS Inc. is required to prepare an accounting restatement due to GS Inc.’s material noncompliance, as a result of misconduct, with any financial reporting requirement under the securities laws as described in Section 304(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Sarbanes-Oxley”); provided, however, that your rights will only be terminated in respect of the RSUs and Shares at Risk to the same extent that would be required under Section 304(a) of Sarbanes-Oxley had you been a “chief executive officer” or “chief financial officer” of GS Inc. (regardless of whether you actually hold such position at the relevant time).]

REPAYMENT OF YOUR AWARD

10. When You May Be Required to Repay Your Award.

(a) [Repayment, Generally. ]If the Committee determines that any term of this Award was not satisfied, you will be required, immediately upon demand therefor, to repay to the Firm the following:

(i) Any RSU Shares (which, for the avoidance of doubt, includes any Shares at Risk) for which the terms (including the terms for delivery) of the related RSUs were not satisfied, in accordance with Section 2.6.3 of the Plan.

(ii) Any Shares at Risk for which the terms (including the terms for the release of Transfer Restrictions) were not satisfied, in accordance with Section 2.5.3 of the Plan.

(iii) Any RSU Shares that were delivered (but not subject to Transfer Restrictions) at the same time any Shares at Risk that are cancelled or required to be repaid were delivered.

(iv) Any payments under Dividend Equivalent Rights for which the terms were not satisfied (including any such payments made in respect of RSUs that are forfeited or RSU Shares that are cancelled or required to be repaid), in accordance with Section 2.8.4 of the Plan.

(v) Any dividends paid in respect of any RSU Shares that are cancelled or required to be repaid.

(vi) Any amount applied to satisfy tax withholding or other obligations with respect to any RSU, RSU Shares, dividend payments and payments under Dividend Equivalent Rights that are forfeited or required to be repaid.

(b) [Repayment Upon Accounting Restatement Required Under Sarbanes-Oxley. If an event described in Paragraph 9(b)(viii) (relating to a requirement under Sarbanes-Oxley that GS Inc. prepare an accounting restatement) occurs, any RSU Shares, cash or other property delivered, paid or withheld in respect of this Award will be subject to repayment as described in Paragraph 10(a) to the same extent that would be required under Section 304(a) of Sarbanes-Oxley had you been a “chief executive officer” or “chief financial officer” of GS Inc. (regardless of whether you actually hold such position at the relevant time).]

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EXCEPTIONS TO ASSOCIATION WITH A COVERED ENTERPRISE, DELIVERY DATES AND/OR TRANSFERABILITY DATES

11. Restrictions on Association With a Covered Enterprise Cease to Apply After an Involuntary or Mutual Agreement Termination (but the Original Delivery Date and Transferability Date Continue to Apply). Paragraph 9(a)(i) (relating to forfeiture if you Associate With a Covered Enterprise) will not apply if (a) your Employment terminates and the Firm characterizes your Employment termination as “involuntary” or by “mutual agreement” and (b) you execute a general waiver and release of claims and an agreement to pay any associated tax liability, in each case, in the form the Firm prescribes. No Employment termination that you initiate, including any purported “constructive termination,” a “termination for good reason” or similar concepts, can be “involuntary” or by “mutual agreement.” All other terms of this Award Agreement, including the other forfeiture and repayment events in Paragraphs 9 and 10, continue to apply.

12. Accelerated Delivery and/or Release of Transfer Restrictions in the Event of a Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control, Conflicted Employment or Death. In the event of your Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control, Conflicted Employment or death, each as described below, your Outstanding Award will be treated as described in this Paragraph 12, and, except as set forth in Paragraph 12(a), all other terms of this Award Agreement, including the other forfeiture and repayment events in Paragraphs 9 and 10, continue to apply.

(a) You Have a Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control. If your Employment terminates when you meet the requirements of a Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control, the RSU Shares underlying your Outstanding RSUs will be delivered, and any Transfer Restrictions will cease to apply. In addition, the forfeiture events in Paragraph 9 will not apply to your Award.

(b) You Are Determined to Have Accepted Conflicted Employment.

(i) Generally. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Plan or otherwise, for purposes of this Award Agreement, “Conflicted Employment” means your employment at any U.S. Federal, state or local government, any non-U.S. government, any supranational or international organization, any self-regulatory organization, or any agency or instrumentality of any such government or organization, or any other employer (other than an “Accounting Firm” within the meaning of SEC Rule 2-01(f)(2) of Regulation S-X or any successor thereto) determined by the Committee, if, as a result of such employment, your continued holding of any Outstanding Award would result in an actual or perceived conflict of interest. If your Employment terminates solely because you resign to accept Conflicted Employment or if, following your termination of Employment, you notify the Firm that you are accepting Conflicted Employment, RSU Shares will be delivered in respect of your Outstanding [Vested ]RSUs (including in the form of cash as described in Paragraph 13(b)) and any Transfer Restrictions will cease to apply as soon as practicable after the Committee has received satisfactory documentation relating to your Conflicted Employment.

(ii) You May Have to Take Other Steps to Address Conflicts of Interest. The Committee retains the authority to exercise its rights under the Award Agreement or the Plan (including Section 1.3.2 of the Plan) to take or require you to take other steps it determines in its sole discretion to be necessary or appropriate to cure an actual or perceived conflict of interest (which may include a determination that the accelerated delivery and/or release of Transfer Restrictions described in Paragraph 12(b)(i) will not apply because such actions are not necessary or appropriate to cure an actual or perceived conflict of interest).

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(c) Death. If you die, the RSU Shares underlying your Outstanding RSUs will be delivered to the representative of your estate and any Transfer Restrictions will cease to apply as soon as practicable after the date of death and after such documentation as may be requested by the Committee is provided to the Committee.

OTHER TERMS, CONDITIONS AND AGREEMENTS

13. Additional Terms, Conditions and Agreements.

(a) You Must Satisfy Applicable Tax Withholding Requirements. Delivery of RSU Shares is conditioned on your satisfaction of any applicable withholding taxes in accordance with Section 3.2 of the Plan, which includes the Firm deducting or withholding amounts from any payment or distribution to you (which, notwithstanding Section 3.2.2 of the Plan, may exceed the statutory minimum rate if and to the extent determined by the Committee or the SIP Committee). In addition, to the extent permitted by applicable law, the Firm, in its sole discretion, may require you to provide amounts equal to all or a portion of any Federal, state, local, foreign or other tax obligations imposed on you or the Firm in connection with the grant or delivery of this Award by requiring you to choose between remitting the amount (i) in cash (or through payroll deduction or otherwise) or (ii) in the form of proceeds from the Firm’s executing a sale of RSU Shares delivered to you under this Award. In addition, if you are an individual with separate employment contracts (at any time during and/or after the Firm’s              fiscal year), the Firm, in its sole discretion, may require you to provide for a reserve in an amount the Firm determines is advisable or necessary in connection with any actual, anticipated or potential tax consequences related to your separate employment contracts by requiring you to choose between remitting such amount (i) in cash (or through payroll deduction or otherwise) or (ii) in the form of proceeds from the Firm’s executing a sale of shares of Common Stock delivered to you pursuant to this Award (or any other Outstanding awards granted under the Plan or any predecessor or successor plan thereto). In no event, however, does this Paragraph 13(a) give you any discretion to determine or affect the timing of the delivery of RSU Shares or the timing of payment of tax obligations.

(b) Firm May Deliver Cash or Other Property Instead of RSU Shares. In accordance with Section 1.3.2(i) of the Plan, in the sole discretion of the Committee, in lieu of all or any portion of the RSU Shares, the Firm may deliver cash, other securities, other awards under the Plan or other property, and all references in this Award Agreement to deliveries of RSU Shares will include such deliveries of cash, other securities, other awards under the Plan or other property.

(c) Amounts May Be Rounded to Avoid Fractional Shares. RSU Shares that become deliverable on a Delivery Date and RSU Shares subject to Transfer Restrictions may, in each case, be rounded to avoid fractional Shares.

(d) You May Be Required to Become a Party to the Shareholders’ Agreement. Your rights to your RSUs are conditioned on your becoming a party to any shareholders’ agreement to which other similarly situated employees (e.g., employees with a similar title or position) of the Firm are required to be a party.

(e) Firm May Affix Legends and Place Stop Orders on Restricted RSU Shares. GS Inc. may affix to Certificates representing RSU Shares any legend that the Committee determines to be necessary or advisable (including to reflect any restrictions to which you may be subject under a separate agreement). GS Inc. may advise the transfer agent to place a stop order against any legended RSU Shares.

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(f) You Agree to Certain Consents, Terms and Conditions. By accepting this Award you understand and agree that:

(i) You Agree to Certain Consents as a Condition to the Award. You have expressly consented to all of the items listed in Section 3.3.3(d) of the Plan, including the Firm’s supplying to any third-party recordkeeper of the Plan or other person such personal information of yours as the Committee deems advisable to administer the Plan, and you agree to provide any additional consents that the Committee determines to be necessary or advisable;

(ii) You Are Subject to the Firm’s Policies, Rules and Procedures. You are subject to the Firm’s policies in effect from time to time concerning trading in RSU Shares and hedging or pledging RSU Shares and equity-based compensation or other awards (including, without limitation, the Firm’s “Policies with Respect to Personal Transactions Involving GS Securities and GS Equity Awards” or any successor policies), and confidential or proprietary information, and you will effect sales of RSU Shares in accordance with such rules and procedures as may be adopted from time to time (which may include, without limitation, restrictions relating to the timing of sale requests, the manner in which sales are executed, pricing method, consolidation or aggregation of orders and volume limits determined by the Firm);

(iii) You Are Responsible for Costs Associated with Your Award. You will be responsible for all brokerage costs and other fees or expenses associated with your RSUs, including those related to the sale of RSU Shares;

(iv) You Will Be Deemed to Represent Your Compliance with All the Terms of Your Award if You Accept Delivery of, or Sell, RSU Shares. You will be deemed to have represented and certified that you have complied with all of the terms of the Plan and this Award Agreement when RSU Shares are delivered to you, you receive payment in respect of Dividend Equivalent Rights and you request the sale of RSU Shares following the release of Transfer Restrictions;

(v) Firm May Deliver Your Award into an Escrow Account. The Firm may establish and maintain an escrow account on such terms (which may include your executing any documents related to, and your paying for any costs associated with, such account) as it may deem necessary or appropriate, and the delivery of RSU Shares (including Shares at Risk) or the payment of cash or other property may initially be made into and held in that escrow account until such time as the Committee has received such documentation as it may have requested or until the Committee has determined that any other conditions or restrictions on delivery of RSU Shares, cash or other property required by this Award Agreement have been satisfied;

(vi) You May Be Required to Certify Compliance with Award Terms; You Are Responsible for Providing the Firm with Updated Address and Contact Information After Your Departure from the Firm. If your Employment terminates while you continue to hold RSUs or Shares at Risk, from time to time, you may be required to provide certifications of your compliance with all of the terms of the Plan and this Award Agreement as described in Paragraph 9(b)(iv). You understand and agree that (A) your address on file with the Firm at the time any certification is required will be deemed to be your current address, (B) it is your responsibility to inform the Firm of any changes to your address to ensure timely receipt of the certification materials, (C) you are responsible for contacting the Firm to obtain such certification materials if not received and (D) your failure to return properly completed certification materials by the specified deadline (which includes your failure to timely return the completed certification because you did not provide the Firm with updated contact information) will result in the forfeiture of all of your RSUs and Shares at Risk and subject previously delivered amounts to repayment under Paragraph 9(b)(iv);

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(vii) You Authorize the Firm to Register, in Its or Its Designee’s Name, Any Shares at Risk and Sell, Assign or Transfer Any Forfeited Shares at Risk. You are granting to the Firm the full power and authority to register any Shares at Risk in its or its designee’s name and authorizing the Firm or its designee to sell, assign or transfer any Shares at Risk if you forfeit your Shares at Risk;

(viii) You Must Comply with Applicable Deadlines and Procedures to Appeal Determinations Made by the Committee, the SIP Committee or SIP Administrators. In order to appeal a determination by the Committee, the SIP Committee, the SIP Administrators, or any of their delegates or designees, you must submit a written request for the appeal within 180 days after receipt of any such determination. You must exhaust all administrative remedies before seeking to resolve a dispute through arbitration pursuant to Paragraph 16 and Section 3.17 of the Plan; and

(ix) You Agree that Covered Persons Will Not Have Liability. In addition to and without limiting the generality of the provisions of Section 1.3.5 of the Plan, neither the Firm nor any Covered Person will have any liability to you or any other person for any action taken or omitted in respect of this or any other Award.

14. Non-transferability. Except as otherwise may be provided in this Paragraph 14 or as otherwise may be provided by the Committee, the limitations on transferability set forth in Section 3.5 of the Plan will apply to this Award. Any purported transfer or assignment in violation of the provisions of this Paragraph 14 or Section 3.5 of the Plan will be void. The Committee may adopt procedures pursuant to which some or all recipients of RSUs may transfer some or all of their RSUs and/or Shares at Risk (which will continue to be subject to Transfer Restrictions until the[ applicable] Transferability Date) through a gift for no consideration to any immediate family member, a trust or other estate planning vehicle approved by the Committee or SIP Committee in which the recipient and/or the recipient’s immediate family members in the aggregate have 100% of the beneficial interest.

15. Right of Offset. Except as provided in Paragraph 18(h), the obligation to deliver RSU Shares, to pay dividends or payments under Dividend Equivalent Rights or to remove the Transfer Restrictions under this Award Agreement is subject to Section 3.4 of the Plan, which provides for the Firm’s right to offset against such obligation any outstanding amounts you owe to the Firm and any amounts the Committee deems appropriate pursuant to any tax equalization policy or agreement.

ARBITRATION, CHOICE OF FORUM AND GOVERNING LAW

16. Arbitration; Choice of Forum.

(a) BY ACCEPTING THIS AWARD, YOU ARE INDICATING THAT YOU UNDERSTAND AND AGREE THAT THE ARBITRATION AND CHOICE OF FORUM PROVISIONS SET FORTH IN SECTION 3.17 OF THE PLAN WILL APPLY TO THIS AWARD. THESE PROVISIONS, WHICH ARE EXPRESSLY INCORPORATED HEREIN BY REFERENCE, PROVIDE AMONG OTHER THINGS THAT ANY DISPUTE, CONTROVERSY OR CLAIM BETWEEN THE FIRM AND YOU ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO OR CONCERNING THE PLAN OR THIS AWARD AGREEMENT WILL BE FINALLY SETTLED BY ARBITRATION IN NEW YORK CITY, PURSUANT TO THE TERMS MORE FULLY SET FORTH IN SECTION 3.17 OF THE PLAN; PROVIDED THAT NOTHING HEREIN SHALL PRECLUDE YOU FROM FILING A CHARGE WITH OR PARTICIPATING IN ANY INVESTIGATION OR PROCEEDING CONDUCTED BY ANY GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE SEC AND THE EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION.

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(b) To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, no arbitrator will have the authority to consider class, collective or representative claims, to order consolidation or to join different claimants or grant relief other than on an individual basis to the individual claimant involved.

(c) Notwithstanding any applicable forum rules to the contrary, to the extent there is a question of enforceability of this Award Agreement arising from a challenge to the arbitrator’s jurisdiction or to the arbitrability of a claim, it will be decided by a court and not an arbitrator.

(d) All references to the New York Stock Exchange in Section 3.17 of the Plan will be read as references to the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.

(e) The Federal Arbitration Act governs interpretation and enforcement of all arbitration provisions under the Plan and this Award Agreement, and all arbitration proceedings thereunder.

(f) Nothing in this Award Agreement creates a substantive right to bring a claim under U.S. Federal, state, or local employment laws.

17. GOVERNING LAW. THIS AWARD WILL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, WITHOUT REGARD TO PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICT OF LAWS.

CERTAIN TAX PROVISIONS

18. Compliance of Award Agreement and Plan with Section 409A. The provisions of this Paragraph 18 apply to you only if you are a U.S. taxpayer.

(a) This Award Agreement and the Plan provisions that apply to this Award are intended and will be construed to comply with Section 409A (including the requirements applicable to, or the conditions for exemption from treatment as, 409A Deferred Compensation), whether by reason of short-term deferral treatment or other exceptions or provisions. The Committee will have full authority to give effect to this intent. To the extent necessary to give effect to this intent, in the case of any conflict or potential inconsistency between the provisions of the Plan (including Sections 1.3.2 and 2.1 thereof) and this Award Agreement, the provisions of this Award Agreement will govern, and in the case of any conflict or potential inconsistency between this Paragraph 18 and the other provisions of this Award Agreement, this Paragraph 18 will govern.

(b) Delivery of RSU Shares will not be delayed beyond the date on which all applicable conditions or restrictions on delivery of RSU Shares required by this Agreement (including those specified in Paragraphs 6, 7, 11, 12(c) and 13 and the consents and other items specified in Section 3.3 of the Plan) are satisfied. To the extent that any portion of this Award is intended to satisfy the requirements for short-term deferral treatment under Section 409A, delivery for such portion will occur by the March 15 coinciding with the last day of the applicable “short-term deferral” period described in Reg. 1.409A-1(b)(4) in order for the delivery of RSU Shares to be within the short-term deferral exception unless, in order to permit all applicable conditions or restrictions on delivery to be satisfied, the Committee elects, pursuant to

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Reg. 1.409A-1(b)(4)(i)(D) or otherwise as may be permitted in accordance with Section 409A, to delay delivery of RSU Shares to a later date within the same calendar year or to such later date as may be permitted under Section 409A, including Reg. 1.409A-2(b)(7) (in conjunction with Section 3.21.3 of the Plan pertaining to Code Section 162(m)) and Reg. 1.409A-3(d). For the avoidance of doubt, if the Award includes a “series of installment payments” as described in Reg. 1.409A-2(b)(2)(iii), your right to the series of installment payments will be treated as a right to a series of separate payments and not as a right to a single payment.

(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of Paragraph 13(b) and Section 1.3.2(i) of the Plan, to the extent necessary to comply with Section 409A, any securities, other Awards or other property that the Firm may deliver in respect of your RSUs will not have the effect of deferring delivery or payment, income inclusion, or a substantial risk of forfeiture, beyond the date on which such delivery, payment or inclusion would occur or such risk of forfeiture would lapse, with respect to the RSU Shares that would otherwise have been deliverable (unless the Committee elects a later date for this purpose pursuant to Reg. 1.409A-1(b)(4)(i)(D) or otherwise as may be permitted under Section 409A, including and to the extent applicable, the subsequent election provisions of Section 409A(a)(4)(C) of the Code and Reg. 1.409A-2(b)).

(d) Notwithstanding the timing provisions of Paragraph 12(c), the delivery of RSU Shares referred to therein will be made after the date of death and during the calendar year that includes the date of death (or on such later date as may be permitted under Section 409A).

(e) The timing of delivery or payment pursuant to Paragraph 12(a) will occur on the earlier of (i) the Delivery Date or (ii) a date that is within the calendar year in which the termination of Employment occurs; provided, however, that, if you are a “specified employee” (as defined by the Firm in accordance with Section 409A(a)(2)(i)(B) of the Code), delivery will occur on the earlier of the Delivery Date or (to the extent required to avoid the imposition of additional tax under Section 409A) the date that is six months after your termination of Employment (or, if the latter date is not during a Window Period, the first trading day of the next Window Period). For purposes of Paragraph 12(a), references in this Award Agreement to termination of Employment mean a termination of Employment from the Firm (as defined by the Firm) which is also a separation from service (as defined by the Firm in accordance with Section 409A).

(f) Notwithstanding any provision of Paragraph 8 or Section 2.8.2 of the Plan to the contrary, the Dividend Equivalent Rights with respect to each of your Outstanding RSUs will be paid to you within the calendar year that includes the date of distribution of any corresponding regular cash dividends paid by GS Inc. in respect of a share of Common Stock the record date for which occurs on or after the Date of Grant. The payment will be in an amount (less applicable withholding) equal to such regular dividend payment as would have been made in respect of the RSU Shares underlying such Outstanding RSUs.

(g) The timing of delivery or payment referred to in Paragraph 12(b)(i) will be the earlier of (i) the Delivery Date or (ii) a date that is within the calendar year in which the Committee receives satisfactory documentation relating to your Conflicted Employment, provided that such delivery or payment will be made, and any Committee action referred to in Paragraph 12(b)(ii) will be taken, only at such time as, and if and to the extent that it, as reasonably determined by the Firm, would not result in the imposition of any additional tax to you under Section 409A.

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(h) Paragraph 15 and Section 3.4 of the Plan will not apply to Awards that are 409A Deferred Compensation except to the extent permitted under Section 409A.

(i) Delivery of RSU Shares in respect of any Award may be made, if and to the extent elected by the Committee, later than the Delivery Date or other date or period specified hereinabove (but, in the case of any Award that constitutes 409A Deferred Compensation, only to the extent that the later delivery is permitted under Section 409A).

(j) You understand and agree that you are solely responsible for the payment of any taxes and penalties due pursuant to Section 409A, but in no event will you be permitted to designate, directly or indirectly, the taxable year of the delivery.

19. Compliance of Award Agreement and Plan with Section 162(m). If you are or become considered by GS Inc. to be one of its “covered employees” within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code, then you will be subject to Section 3.21.3 of the Plan, as a result of which delivery of your RSU Shares may be delayed.

COMMITTEE AUTHORITY, AMENDMENT AND CONSTRUCTION

20. Committee Authority. The Committee has the authority to determine, in its sole discretion, that any event triggering forfeiture or repayment of your Award will not apply, to limit the forfeitures and repayments that result under Paragraphs 9 and 10 and to remove Transfer Restrictions before the[ applicable] Transferability Date. In addition, the Committee, in its sole discretion, may determine whether Paragraph 11 will apply upon a termination of Employment.

21. Amendment. The Committee reserves the right at any time to amend the terms of this Award Agreement, and the Board may amend the Plan in any respect; provided that, notwithstanding the foregoing and Sections 1.3.2(f), 1.3.2(h) and 3.1 of the Plan, no such amendment will materially adversely affect your rights and obligations under this Award Agreement without your consent; and provided further that the Committee expressly reserves its rights to amend the Award Agreement and the Plan as described in Sections 1.3.2(h)(1), (2) and (4) of the Plan. A modification that impacts the tax consequences of this Award or the timing of delivery of RSU Shares will not be an amendment that materially adversely affects your rights and obligations under this Award Agreement. Any amendment of this Award Agreement will be in writing.

22. Construction, Headings. Unless the context requires otherwise, (a) words describing the singular number include the plural and vice versa, (b) words denoting any gender include all genders and (c) the words “include,” “includes” and “including” will be deemed to be followed by the words “without limitation.” The headings in this Award Agreement are for the purpose of convenience only and are not intended to define or limit the construction of the provisions hereof. References in this Award Agreement to any specific Plan provision will not be construed as limiting the applicability of any other Plan provision.

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, GS Inc. has caused this Award Agreement to be duly executed and delivered as of the Date of Grant.

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.

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[CODE STAFF FORFEITURE AND REPAYMENT APPENDIX

This Code Staff Appendix supplements Paragraph 9 and sets forth additional events that result in forfeiture of up to all of your RSUs and Shares at Risk and may require repayment to the Firm of up to all other amounts previously delivered or paid to you under your Award in accordance with Paragraph 10. As with the events described in Paragraph 9, more than one event may apply, in no case will the occurrence of one event limit the forfeiture and repayment obligations as a result of the occurrence of any other event and the Firm reserves the right to (a) suspend delivery of RSU Shares or release of Transfer Restrictions, (b) deliver any RSU Shares into an escrow account in accordance with Paragraph 13(f)(v) or (c) apply Transfer Restrictions to any RSU Shares in connection with any investigation of whether any of the events that result in forfeiture under this Code Staff Appendix have occurred.

With respect to the events described in Paragraphs (b) through (e) of this Appendix, the Committee will consider certain factors to determine whether and what portion of your Award will terminate, including the reason for the “Loss Event” (as defined below) or “Risk Event” (as defined below) and the extent to which: (1) you participated in the Loss Event or Risk Event, (2) your compensation for the Firm’s              fiscal year may or may not have been adjusted to take into account the risk associated with the Loss Event, Risk Event, your “Serious Misconduct” (as defined below) or the Serious Misconduct of a “Supervised Employee” (as defined below) and (3) your compensation may be adjusted for the year in which the Loss Event, Risk Event, your Serious Misconduct or a Supervised Employee’s Serious Misconduct is discovered.

(a) You Associate With a Material Covered Enterprise Prior to             . If you “Associate With a Material Covered Enterprise” (as defined below) on or after the date the restrictions on Association With a Covered Enterprise lapse (as described in Paragraph 9(a)(i) of the Award Agreement) and before the earlier of              or a Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control, your rights to all of your Outstanding RSUs will terminate, and no RSU Shares will be delivered in respect of such RSUs and your rights to all of your Shares at Risk will terminate and your Shares at Risk will be cancelled.

(i) “Associate With a Material Covered Enterprise” means that you (A) form, or acquire a 5% or greater equity ownership, voting or profit participation interest in, any “Material Covered Enterprise” (as defined below) or (B) associate in any capacity (including association as an officer, employee, partner, director, consultant, agent or advisor) with any Material Covered Enterprise. Associate With a Material Covered Enterprise may include, as determined in the discretion of either the Committee or the SIP Committee, (A) becoming the subject of any publicly available announcement or report of a pending or future association with a Material Covered Enterprise and (B) unpaid associations, including an association in contemplation of future employment. The term “Association With a Material Covered Enterprise” has its correlative meaning.

(ii) The restriction described above on any Association With a Material Covered Enterprise will not apply if the Firm characterizes your Employment termination as “involuntary” or by “mutual agreement” and you execute a general waiver and release of claims and an agreement to pay any associated tax liability, in each case, in the form the Firm prescribes.

(iii) “Material Covered Enterprise” means a Covered Enterprise that the Firm determines, in its sole discretion, to be material.

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(b) A Loss Event Occurs Prior to Delivery. If a Loss Event occurs prior to the delivery of RSU Shares, your rights in respect of all or a portion of your RSUs which are scheduled to deliver on the next Delivery Date immediately following the date that the Loss Event is identified (or, if not practicable, then the next following Delivery Date) will terminate, and no RSU Shares will be delivered in respect of such RSUs.

(i) A “Loss Event” means (A) an annual pre-tax loss at GS Inc. or (B) annual negative revenues in one or more reporting segments as disclosed in the Firm’s Form 10-K other than the Investing & Lending segment, or annual negative revenues in the Investing & Lending segment of $5 billion or more, provided in either case that you are employed in a business within such reporting segment.

(c) A Risk Event Occurs Prior to             . If a Risk Event occurs prior to             , (i) your rights in respect of all or a portion of your RSUs will terminate and no RSU Shares will be delivered in respect of such RSUs, (ii) your rights to all or a portion of any Shares at Risk will terminate and such Shares at Risk will be cancelled and (iii) you will be obligated immediately upon demand therefor to pay the Firm an amount not in excess of the greater of the Fair Market Value of the RSU Shares (plus any dividend payments and payments under Dividend Equivalent Rights) delivered in respect of the Award (without reduction for any amount applied to satisfy tax withholding or other obligations) determined as of (A) the date the Risk Event occurred and (B) the date that the repayment request is made.

(i) A “Risk Event” means there occurs a loss of 5% or more of firmwide total capital from a reportable operational risk event determined in accordance with the firmwide Reporting Operational Risk Events Policy.

(d) You Engage in Serious Misconduct Prior to             . If you engage in Serious Misconduct during the period beginning on the applicable Transferability Date through             , you will be obligated immediately upon demand therefor to pay the Firm an amount not in excess of the greater of the Fair Market Value of the RSU Shares (plus any dividend payments and payments under Dividend Equivalent Rights) delivered in respect of the Award (without reduction for any amount applied to satisfy tax withholding or other obligations) determined as of (i) the date the Serious Misconduct occurred and (ii) the date that the repayment request is made.

(i) “Serious Misconduct” means that you engage in conduct that the Firm reasonably considers, in its sole discretion, to be misconduct sufficient to justify summary termination of employment under English law.

(e) A Supervised Employee Engages in Serious Misconduct. If the Committee determines that it is appropriate to hold you accountable in whole or in part for Serious Misconduct related to compliance, control or risk that occurred during the Firm’s              fiscal year by a Supervised Employee, your rights in respect of all or a portion of your RSUs will terminate and no RSU Shares will be delivered in respect of such RSUs and your rights to all or a portion of any Shares at Risk will terminate and such Shares at Risk will be cancelled.

(i) “Supervised Employee” means an individual with respect to whom the Committee determines you had supervisory responsibility as a result of direct or indirect reporting lines or your management responsibility for an office, division or business.

Notwithstanding any provision in the Plan, this Award Agreement or any other agreement or arrangement you may have with the Firm, the parties agree that to the extent that there is any dispute arising out of or relating to the payment required by Paragraphs (c) and (d) of this Appendix (including your refusal to remit payment) the parties will submit to arbitration in accordance with Paragraph 16 of this Award Agreement and Section 3.17 of the Plan as the sole means of resolution of such dispute (including the recovery by the Firm of the payment amount).]

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DEFINITIONS APPENDIX

The following capitalized terms are used in this Award Agreement with the following meanings:

(a) “409A Deferred Compensation” means a “deferral of compensation” or “deferred compensation” as those terms are defined in the regulations under Section 409A.

(b) “Associate With a Covered Enterprise” means that you (i) form, or acquire a 5% or greater equity ownership, voting or profit participation interest in, any Covered Enterprise or (ii) associate in any capacity (including association as an officer, employee, partner, director, consultant, agent or advisor) with any Covered Enterprise. Associate With a Covered Enterprise may include, as determined in the discretion of either the Committee or the SIP Committee, (i) becoming the subject of any publicly available announcement or report of a pending or future association with a Covered Enterprise and (ii) unpaid associations, including an association in contemplation of future employment. “Association With a Covered Enterprise” will have its correlative meaning.

(c) “Conflicted Employment” means your employment at any U.S. Federal, state or local government, any non-U.S. government, any supranational or international organization, any self-regulatory organization, or any agency or instrumentality of any such government or organization, or any other employer (other than an “Accounting Firm” within the meaning of SEC Rule 2-01(f)(2) of Regulation S-X or any successor thereto) determined by the Committee, if, as a result of such employment, your continued holding of any Outstanding Award would result in an actual or perceived conflict of interest.

(d) “Covered Enterprise” means an existing or planned business enterprise that competes with the Firm (which, for this purpose means offering products or services that are the same as or similar to those offered by the Firm (“Firm Products or Services”)), or reasonably may be expected to do so. The enterprises covered by this definition include enterprises that offer Firm Products or Services directly, as well as those that do so indirectly by ownership or control (e.g., by owning, being owned by, or being under common ownership with an enterprise that offers Firm Products or Services). An enterprise will be treated as providing Firm Products or Services if, solely by way of example, it provides products or services associated with investment banking, public or private finance, lending, financial advisory services, private investing (for anyone other than you or your family members), private banking, commercial banking, merchant banking, asset or hedge fund management, insurance or reinsurance underwriting or brokerage, property management, or securities, futures, commodities, energy, derivatives or currency brokerage, sales, lending, custody, clearance, settlement or trading. A Competitive Enterprise is a Covered Enterprise. An enterprise that offers, or may reasonably be expected to offer, Firm Products or Services is a Covered Enterprise irrespective of whether the enterprise is a customer, client or counterparty of the Firm, and, because the Firm is a global enterprise, irrespective of where the Covered Enterprise is physically located.

(e) “Failed to Consider Risk” means that you participated in the structuring or marketing of any product or service, or participated on behalf of the Firm or any of its clients in the purchase or sale of any security or other property, in any case without appropriate consideration of the risk to the Firm or the broader financial system as a whole (for example, where you have improperly analyzed such risk or where you have failed sufficiently to raise concerns about such risk) and, as a result of such action or omission, the Committee determines there has been, or reasonably could be expected to be, a material adverse impact on the Firm, your business unit or the broader financial system.

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(f) [“            Transferability Date” means the first trading day in a Window Period that occurs in             , or if no Window Period occurs in             , the first trading day of the first Window Period following thereafter.]

(g) “Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control” means that the Firm terminates your Employment other than for Cause or you terminate your Employment for Good Reason, in each case, within 18 months following a Change in Control.

(h) “SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

(i) “Selected Firm Personnel” means any individual who is or in the three months preceding the conduct prohibited by Paragraph 9(a)(ii) was (i) a Firm employee or consultant with whom you personally worked while employed by the Firm, (ii) a Firm employee or consultant who, at any time during the year preceding the date of the termination of your Employment, worked in the same division in which you worked or (iii) an Advisory Director, a Managing Director or a Senior Advisor of the Firm.

(j) “Shares at Risk” means RSU Shares subject to Transfer Restrictions.

(k) [“Six-Month Transferability Date” means the first trading day in a Window Period that occurs on or after the six-month anniversary of the Delivery Date.]

The following capitalized terms are used in this Award Agreement with the meanings that are assigned to them in the Plan.

(a) “Account” means any brokerage account, custody account or similar account, as approved or required by GS Inc. from time to time, into which shares of Common Stock, cash or other property in respect of an Award are delivered.

(b) “Award Agreement” means the written document or documents by which each Award is evidenced, including any Award Statement.

(c) “Award Statement” means a written statement that reflects certain Award terms.

(d) “Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in New York City are authorized or obligated by Federal law or executive order to be closed.

(e) “Cause” means (i) the Grantee’s conviction, whether following trial or by plea of guilty or nolo contendere (or similar plea), in a criminal proceeding (A) on a misdemeanor charge involving fraud, false statements or misleading omissions, wrongful taking, embezzlement, bribery, forgery, counterfeiting or extortion, or (B) on a felony charge, or (C) on an equivalent charge to those in clauses (A) and (B) in jurisdictions which do not use those designations, (ii) the Grantee’s engaging in any conduct which constitutes an employment disqualification under applicable law (including statutory disqualification as defined under the Exchange Act), (iii) the Grantee’s willful failure to perform the Grantee’s duties to the Firm, (iv) the Grantee’s violation of any securities or commodities laws, any rules or regulations issued pursuant to such laws, or the rules and regulations of any securities or commodities exchange or association of which the Firm is a member, (v) the Grantee’s violation of any Firm policy concerning hedging or pledging or confidential or proprietary information, or the Grantee’s material violation of any other Firm policy as in effect from time to time, (vi) the Grantee’s engaging in any act or making any statement which impairs, impugns, denigrates, disparages or negatively reflects upon the name, reputation or business interests of the Firm or (vii) the Grantee’s engaging in any conduct detrimental to the Firm. The determination as to whether Cause has occurred shall be made by the Committee in its sole discretion

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and, in such case, the Committee also may, but shall not be required to, specify the date such Cause occurred (including by determining that a prior termination of Employment was for Cause). Any rights the Firm may have hereunder and in any Award Agreement in respect of the events giving rise to Cause shall be in addition to the rights the Firm may have under any other agreement with a Grantee or at law or in equity.

(f) “Change in Control” means the consummation of a merger, consolidation, statutory share exchange or similar form of corporate transaction involving GS Inc. (a “Reorganization”) or sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of GS Inc.’s assets to an entity that is not an affiliate of GS Inc. (a “Sale”), that in each case requires the approval of GS Inc.’s shareholders under the law of GS Inc.’s jurisdiction of organization, whether for such Reorganization or Sale (or the issuance of securities of GS Inc. in such Reorganization or Sale), unless immediately following such Reorganization or Sale, either: (i) at least 50% of the total voting power (in respect of the election of directors, or similar officials in the case of an entity other than a corporation) of (A) the entity resulting from such Reorganization, or the entity which has acquired all or substantially all of the assets of GS Inc. in a Sale (in either case, the “Surviving Entity”), or (B) if applicable, the ultimate parent entity that directly or indirectly has beneficial ownership (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act, as such Rule is in effect on the date of the adoption of the 1999 SIP) of 50% or more of the total voting power (in respect of the election of directors, or similar officials in the case of an entity other than a corporation) of the Surviving Entity (the “Parent Entity”) is represented by GS Inc.’s securities (the “GS Inc. Securities”) that were outstanding immediately prior to such Reorganization or Sale (or, if applicable, is represented by shares into which such GS Inc. Securities were converted pursuant to such Reorganization or Sale) or (ii) at least 50% of the members of the board of directors (or similar officials in the case of an entity other than a corporation) of the Parent Entity (or, if there is no Parent Entity, the Surviving Entity) following the consummation of the Reorganization or Sale were, at the time of the Board’s approval of the execution of the initial agreement providing for such Reorganization or Sale, individuals (the “Incumbent Directors”) who either (A) were members of the Board on the Effective Date or (B) became directors subsequent to the Effective Date and whose election or nomination for election was approved by a vote of at least two-thirds of the Incumbent Directors then on the Board (either by a specific vote or by approval of GS Inc.’s proxy statement in which such persons are named as nominees for director).

(g) “Client” means any client or prospective client of the Firm to whom the Grantee provided services, or for whom the Grantee transacted business, or whose identity became known to the Grantee in connection with the Grantee’s relationship with or employment by the Firm.

(h) “Committee” means the committee appointed by the Board to administer the Plan pursuant to Section 1.3, and, to the extent the Board determines it is appropriate for the compensation realized from Awards under the Plan to be considered “performance based” compensation under Section 162(m) of the Code, shall be a committee or subcommittee of the Board composed of two or more members, each of whom is an “outside director” within the meaning of Code Section 162(m), and which, to the extent the Board determines it is appropriate for Awards under the Plan to qualify for the exemption available under Rule 16b-3(d)(1) or Rule 16b-3(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act, shall be a committee or subcommittee of the Board composed of two or more members, each of whom is a “non-employee director” within the meaning of Rule 16b-3. Unless otherwise determined by the Board, the Committee shall be the Compensation Committee of the Board.

(i) “Common Stock” means common stock of GS Inc., par value $0.01 per share.

(j) “Competitive Enterprise” means an existing or planned business enterprise that (i) engages, or may reasonably be expected to engage, in any activity, (ii) owns or controls, or may reasonably be expected to own or control, a significant interest in or (iii) is, or may reasonably be expected to be, owned

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by, or a significant interest in which is, or may reasonably expected to be, owned or controlled by, any entity that engages in any activity that, in any case, competes or will compete anywhere with any activity in which the Firm is engaged. The activities covered by this definition include, without limitation, financial services such as investment banking, public or private finance, lending, financial advisory services, private investing (for anyone other than the Grantee and members of the Grantee’s family), merchant banking, asset or hedge fund management, insurance or reinsurance underwriting or brokerage, property management, or securities, futures, commodities, energy, derivatives or currency brokerage, sales, lending, custody, clearance, settlement or trading.

(k) “Covered Person” means a member of the Board or the Committee or any employee of the Firm.

(l) “Date of Grant” means the date specified in the Grantee’s Award Agreement as the date of grant of the Award.

(m) “Delivery Date” means each date specified in the Grantee’s Award Agreement as a delivery date, provided, unless the Committee determines otherwise, such date is during a Window Period or, if such date is not during a Window Period, the first trading day of the first Window Period beginning after such date.

(n) “Dividend Equivalent Right” means a dividend equivalent right granted under the Plan, which represents an unfunded and unsecured promise to pay to the Grantee amounts equal to all or any portion of the regular cash dividends that would be paid on shares of Common Stock covered by an Award if such shares had been delivered pursuant to an Award.

(o) “Employment” means the Grantee’s performance of services for the Firm, as determined by the Committee. The terms “employ” and “employed” shall have their correlative meanings. The Committee in its sole discretion may determine (i) whether and when a Grantee’s leave of absence results in a termination of Employment (for this purpose, unless the Committee determines otherwise, a Grantee shall be treated as terminating Employment with the Firm upon the occurrence of an Extended Absence), (ii) whether and when a change in a Grantee’s association with the Firm results in a termination of Employment and (iii) the impact, if any, of any such leave of absence or change in association on Awards theretofore made. Unless expressly provided otherwise, any references in the Plan or any Award Agreement to a Grantee’s Employment being terminated shall include both voluntary and involuntary terminations.

(p) “Extended Absence” means the Grantee’s inability to perform for six (6) continuous months, due to illness, injury or pregnancy-related complications, substantially all the essential duties of the Grantee’s occupation, as determined by the Committee.

(q) “Firm” means GS Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.

(r) “Good Reason” means, in connection with a termination of employment by a Grantee following a Change in Control, (a) as determined by the Committee, a materially adverse alteration in the Grantee’s position or in the nature or status of the Grantee’s responsibilities from those in effect immediately prior to the Change in Control or (b) the Firm’s requiring the Grantee’s principal place of Employment to be located more than seventy-five (75) miles from the location where the Grantee is principally Employed at the time of the Change in Control (except for required travel on the Firm’s business to an extent substantially consistent with the Grantee’s customary business travel obligations in the ordinary course of business prior to the Change in Control).

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(s) “Grantee” means a person who receives an Award.

(t) “GS Inc.” means The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., and any successor thereto.

(u) “Outstanding” means any Award to the extent it has not been forfeited, cancelled, terminated, exercised or with respect to which the shares of Common Stock underlying the Award have not been previously delivered or other payments made.

(v) “RSU” means a restricted stock unit Award granted under the Plan, which represents an unfunded and unsecured promise to deliver shares of Common Stock in accordance with the terms of the RSU Award Agreement.

(w) “RSU Shares” means shares of Common Stock that underlie an RSU.

(x) “Section 409A” means Section 409A of the Code, including any amendments or successor provisions to that Section and any regulations and other administrative guidance thereunder, in each case as they, from time to time, may be amended or interpreted through further administrative guidance.

(y) “SIP Administrator” means each person designated by the Committee as a “SIP Administrator” with the authority to perform day-to-day administrative functions for the Plan.

(z) “SIP Committee” means the persons who have been delegated certain authority under the Plan by the Committee.

(aa) “Solicit” means any direct or indirect communication of any kind whatsoever, regardless of by whom initiated, inviting, advising, encouraging or requesting any person or entity, in any manner, to take or refrain from taking any action.

(bb) “Transfer Restrictions” means restrictions that prohibit the sale, exchange, transfer, assignment, pledge, hypothecation, fractionalization, hedge or other disposal (including through the use of any cash-settled instrument), whether voluntarily or involuntarily by the Grantee, of an Award or any shares of Common Stock, cash or other property delivered in respect of an Award.

(cc) “Transferability Date” means the date Transfer Restrictions on a Restricted Share will be released. Within 30 Business Days after the applicable Transferability Date, GS Inc. shall take, or shall cause to be taken, such steps as may be necessary to remove Transfer Restrictions.

(dd) “Vested” means, with respect to an Award, the portion of the Award that is not subject to a condition that the Grantee remain actively employed by the Firm in order for the Award to remain Outstanding. The fact that an Award becomes Vested shall not mean or otherwise indicate that the Grantee has an unconditional or nonforfeitable right to such Award, and such Award shall remain subject to such terms, conditions and forfeiture provisions as may be provided for in the Plan or in the Award Agreement.

(ee) “Vesting Date” means each date specified in the Grantee’s Award Agreement as a date on which part or all of an Award becomes Vested.

(ff) “Window Period” means a period designated by the Firm during which all employees of the Firm are permitted to purchase or sell shares of Common Stock (provided that, if the Grantee is a member of a designated group of employees who are subject to different restrictions, the Window Period may be a period designated by the Firm during which an employee of the Firm in such designated group is permitted to purchase or sell shares of Common Stock).

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EX-10.50

EXHIBIT 10.50

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.

            YEAR-END RSU AWARD

This Award Agreement, together with The Goldman Sachs Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (2015) (the “Plan”), governs your              year-end award of RSUs (your “Award”). You should read carefully this entire Award Agreement, which includes the Award Statement and any attached Appendix.

ACCEPTANCE

1. You Must Decide Whether to Accept this Award Agreement. To be eligible to receive your Award, you must by the date specified (a) open and activate an Account and (b) agree to all the terms of your Award by executing the related signature card in accordance with its instructions. By executing the signature card, you confirm your agreement to all of the terms of this Award Agreement, including the arbitration and choice of forum provisions in Paragraph 16.

DOCUMENTS THAT GOVERN YOUR AWARD; DEFINITIONS

2. The Plan. Your Award is granted under the Plan, and the Plan’s terms apply to, and are a part of, this Award Agreement.

3. Your Award Statement. The Award Statement delivered to you contains some of your Award’s specific terms. For example, it contains the type and number of RSUs awarded to you and any applicable Vesting Dates, Delivery Dates and Transferability Dates. The portion of your RSUs that are designated on the Award Statement as “             Year End RSUs” (and not “             Year-End Supplemental RSUs”) are referred to in this Award Agreement as “Base RSUs.” The portion of your RSUs that are designated on the Award Statement as “             Year End Supplemental RSUs” are referred to in this Award Agreement as “Supplemental RSUs.” All references to RSUs in this Award Agreement include both the Base RSUs and the Supplemental RSUs. This Award Agreement does not govern the terms and conditions of any RSUs designated on your Award Statement as “Short-Term RSUs,” which, if applicable to you, are addressed in a separate Award Agreement.

4. Definitions. Capitalized terms are defined in the Definitions Appendix, which also includes terms that are defined in the Plan.

VESTING OF YOUR RSUS

5. Vesting.

(a) Base RSUs. On each Vesting Date listed on your Award Statement, you will become Vested in the amount of Outstanding Base RSUs listed next to that date.

(b) Supplemental RSUs. All of your Supplemental RSUs are Vested.

(c) What Vesting Means. When an RSU becomes Vested, it means only that your continued active Employment is not required for delivery of that portion of RSU Shares. Vesting does not mean you have a non-forfeitable right to the Vested portion of your Award. The terms of this Award Agreement (including conditions to delivery and any applicable Transfer Restrictions) continue to apply to Vested RSUs, and you can still forfeit Vested RSUs and any RSU Shares.

DELIVERY OF YOUR RSU SHARES

6. Delivery. Reasonably promptly (but no more than 30 Business Days) after each Delivery Date listed on your Award Statement, RSU Shares (less applicable withholding as described in Paragraph 13(a)) will be delivered (by book entry credit to your Account) in respect of the amount of Outstanding RSUs listed next to that date, provided that such delivery applies first to RSU Shares underlying the Supplemental RSUs and then to RSU Shares underlying the Base RSUs. The Committee or the SIP Committee may select multiple dates within the 30-Business-Day period following the Delivery Date to deliver RSU Shares in respect of all or a portion of the RSUs with the same Delivery Date listed on the Award Statement, and all such dates will be treated as a single Delivery Date for purposes of this Award. Until such delivery, you have only the rights of a general unsecured creditor, and no rights as a shareholder of GS Inc. Without limiting the Committee’s authority under Section 1.3.2(h) of the Plan, the Firm may accelerate any Delivery Date by up to 30 days.

TRANSFER RESTRICTIONS FOLLOWING DELIVERY

7. Transfer Restrictions and Shares at Risk.

(a) Base RSUs.

(i) Base RSUs with a Delivery Date in or before             . [For Base RSUs with a Delivery Date in or before             ,] fifty percent of the RSU Shares that are delivered on any date in respect of Base RSUs, before tax withholding (or, if the applicable tax withholding rate is greater than 50%, all RSU Shares delivered after tax withholding), will be Shares at Risk that are subject to Transfer Restrictions until the              Transferability Date[, as set forth on your Award Statement.] If the tax withholding rate is less than 50%, then any remaining RSU Shares that are delivered in respect of Base RSUs after tax withholding will be Shares at Risk subject to Transfer Restrictions until the Six-Month Transferability Date.

(ii) Base RSUs with a Delivery Date in             . [For Base RSUs with a Delivery Date in             , all RSU Shares delivered after tax withholding will be Shares at Risk subject to Transfer Restrictions until the Six-Month Transferability Date.]

(b) Supplemental RSUs. All RSU Shares that are delivered on any date in respect of Supplemental RSUs after tax withholding will be Shares at Risk subject to Transfer Restrictions until the Six-Month Transferability Date.

(c) Example.

(i) Delivery Date in or before             . For example, if on a Delivery Date in or before             , you are scheduled to receive delivery of 1,000 RSU Shares in respect of Base RSUs and 500 RSU Shares in respect of Supplemental RSUs, and you are subject to a 40% withholding rate, then (i) 600 RSU Shares will be withheld for taxes, (ii) 500 RSU Shares delivered to you in respect of the Base RSUs will be Shares at Risk until the              Transferability Date, (iii) 100 RSU Shares delivered to you in respect of the Base RSUs will be Shares at Risk until the Six-Month Transferability Date and (iv) 300 RSU Shares delivered in respect of the Supplemental RSUs will be Shares at Risk until the Six-Month Transferability Date.

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(ii) Delivery Date in             . For example, if on a Delivery Date in             , you are scheduled to receive delivery of 1,000 RSU Shares in respect of Base RSUs and 500 RSU Shares in respect of Supplemental RSUs, and you are subject to a 40% withholding rate, then (i) 600 RSU Shares will be withheld for taxes, (ii) 600 RSU Shares delivered to you in respect of the Base RSUs will be Shares at Risk until the Six-Month Transferability Date and (iii) 300 RSU Shares delivered in respect of the Supplemental RSUs will be Shares at Risk until the Six-Month Transferability Date.

(d) Purported Transactions that Violate the Transfer Restrictions Are Void. Any purported sale, exchange, transfer, assignment, pledge, hypothecation, fractionalization, hedge or other disposition in violation of the Transfer Restrictions on Shares at Risk will be void.

(e) Removal of Transfer Restrictions. Within 30 Business Days after the applicable Transferability Date (or any other date on which the Transfer Restrictions are to be removed), GS Inc. will remove the Transfer Restrictions. The Committee or the SIP Committee may select multiple dates within such 30-Business-Day period on which to remove Transfer Restrictions for all or a portion of the Shares at Risk with the same Transferability Date, and all such dates will be treated as a single Transferability Date for purposes of this Award.

DIVIDENDS

8. Dividend Equivalent Rights and Dividends. Each RSU includes a Dividend Equivalent Right, which entitles you to receive an amount (less applicable withholding), at or after the time of distribution of any regular cash dividend paid by GS Inc. in respect of a share of Common Stock, equal to any regular cash dividend payment that would have been made in respect of an RSU Share underlying your Outstanding RSUs for any record date that occurs on or after the Date of Grant. In addition, you will be entitled to receive on a current basis any regular cash dividend paid in respect of your Shares at Risk.

FORFEITURE OF YOUR AWARD

9. How You May Forfeit Your Award. This Paragraph 9 sets forth the events that result in forfeiture of up to all of your RSUs and Shares at Risk and may require repayment to the Firm of up to all other amounts previously delivered or paid to you under your Award in accordance with Paragraph 10. More than one event may apply, and in no case will the occurrence of one event limit the forfeiture and repayment obligations as a result of the occurrence of any other event. In addition, the Firm reserves the right to (a) suspend vesting of Outstanding RSUs, delivery of RSU Shares or release of Transfer Restrictions, (b) deliver any RSU Shares into an escrow account in accordance with Paragraph 13(f)(v) or (c) apply Transfer Restrictions to any RSU Shares in connection with any investigation of whether any of the events that result in forfeiture under the Plan or this Paragraph 9 have occurred. Paragraph 11 (relating to certain circumstances under which you will not forfeit your unvested RSUs upon Employment termination) and Paragraph 12 (relating to certain circumstances under which vesting, delivery and/or release of Transfer Restrictions may be accelerated) provide for exceptions to one or more provisions of this Paragraph 9. The Code Staff Forfeiture and Repayment Appendix supplements this Paragraph 9 and sets forth additional events that result in forfeiture of up to all of your RSUs and Shares at Risk and may require repayment to the Firm as described in Paragraph 10 and the Appendix.

(a) Unvested RSUs Forfeited if Your Employment Terminates. If your Employment terminates for any reason or you are otherwise no longer actively employed with the Firm (which includes off-premises notice periods, “garden leaves,” pay in lieu of notice or any other similar status), your rights to your Outstanding RSUs that are not Vested will terminate, and no RSU Shares will be delivered in respect of such RSUs.

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(b) Supplemental RSUs Forfeited if You Associate With a Covered Enterprise. Your rights to your Outstanding Supplemental RSUs that are scheduled to deliver on an applicable Delivery Date will terminate, and no RSU Shares will be delivered in respect of such Supplemental RSUs if you Associate With a Covered Enterprise before the earlier of the January 1 immediately preceding that Delivery Date or a Qualifying Termination After a Change In Control.

(c) Vested and Unvested RSUs Forfeited Upon Certain Events. If any of the following occurs before the applicable Delivery Date, your rights to all of your Outstanding RSUs (whether or not Vested) will terminate, and no RSU Shares will be delivered in respect of such RSUs:

(i) You Solicit Clients or Employees, Interfere with Client or Employee Relationships or Participate in the Hiring of Employees. Either:

(A) you, in any manner, directly or indirectly, (1) Solicit any Client to transact business with a Covered Enterprise or to reduce or refrain from doing any business with the Firm, (2) interfere with or damage (or attempt to interfere with or damage) any relationship between the Firm and any Client, (3) Solicit any person who is an employee of the Firm to resign from the Firm, (4) Solicit any Selected Firm Personnel to apply for or accept employment (or other association) with any person or entity other than the Firm, (5) hire or participate in the hiring of any Selected Firm Personnel by any person or entity other than the Firm (including, without limitation, participating in the identification of individuals for potential hire, and participating in any hiring decision), whether as an employee or consultant or otherwise, or

(B) Selected Firm Personnel are Solicited, hired or accepted into partnership, membership or similar status by (1) any entity that you form, that bears your name, or in which you possess or control greater than a de minimis equity ownership, voting or profit participation, or (2) any entity where you have, or will have, direct or indirect managerial responsibility for such Selected Firm Personnel.

(ii) GS Inc. Fails to Maintain the Minimum Tier 1 Capital Ratio. GS Inc. fails to maintain the required “Minimum Tier 1 Capital Ratio” as defined under Federal Reserve Board Regulations applicable to GS Inc. for a period of 90 consecutive business days.

(iii) GS Inc. Is Determined to Be in Default. The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve or the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) makes a written recommendation under Title II (Orderly Liquidation Authority) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act for the appointment of the FDIC as a receiver of GS Inc. based on a determination that GS Inc. is “in default” or “in danger of default.”

(d) Vested and Unvested RSUs and Shares at Risk Forfeited upon Certain Events. If any of the following occurs (i) your rights to all of your Outstanding RSUs (whether or not Vested) will terminate, and no RSU Shares will be delivered in respect of such RSUs and (ii) your rights to all of your Shares at Risk will terminate and your Shares at Risk will be cancelled, in each case, as may be further described below:

(i) You Failed to Consider Risk. You Failed to Consider Risk during the Firm’s              fiscal year.

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(ii) Your Conduct Constitutes Cause. Any event that constitutes Cause (including, for the avoidance of doubt, “Serious Misconduct” as defined in the Code Staff Forfeiture and Repayment Appendix) has occurred before the applicable Delivery Date for RSUs or the applicable Transferability Date for Shares at Risk.

(iii) You Do Not Meet Your Obligations to the Firm. The Committee determines that, before the applicable Delivery Date for RSUs or the applicable Transferability Date for Shares at Risk, you failed to meet, in any respect, any obligation under any agreement with the Firm, or any agreement entered into in connection with your Employment or this Award, including the Firm’s notice period requirement applicable to you, any offer letter, employment agreement or any shareholders’ agreement relating to the Firm. Your failure to pay or reimburse the Firm, on demand, for any amount you owe to the Firm will constitute (A) failure to meet an obligation you have under an agreement, regardless of whether such obligation arises under a written agreement, and/or (B) a material violation of Firm policy constituting Cause.

(iv) You Do Not Provide Timely Certifications or Comply with Your Certifications. You fail to certify to GS Inc. that you have complied with all of the terms of the Plan and this Award Agreement, or the Committee determines that you have failed to comply with a term of the Plan or this Award Agreement to which you have certified compliance.

(v) You Do Not Follow Dispute Resolution/Arbitration Procedures. You attempt to have any dispute under the Plan or this Award Agreement resolved in any manner that is not provided for by Paragraph 16 or Section 3.17 of the Plan.

(vi) You Bring an Action that Results in a Determination that Any Award Agreement Term Is Invalid. As a result of any action brought by you, it is determined that any term of this Award Agreement is invalid.

(vii) You Receive Compensation in Respect of Your Award from Another Employer. Your Employment terminates for any reason or you otherwise are no longer actively employed with the Firm and another entity grants you cash, equity or other property (whether vested or unvested) to replace, substitute for or otherwise in respect of any Outstanding RSUs or Shares at Risk; provided, however, that your rights will only be terminated in respect of the RSUs and Shares at Risk that are replaced, substituted for or otherwise considered by such other entity in making its grant.

REPAYMENT OF YOUR AWARD

10. When You May Be Required to Repay Your Award. If the Committee determines that any term of this Award was not satisfied, you will be required, immediately upon demand therefor, to repay to the Firm the following:

(a) Any RSU Shares (which, for the avoidance of doubt, includes any Shares at Risk) for which the terms (including the terms for delivery) of the related RSUs were not satisfied, in accordance with Section 2.6.3 of the Plan.

(b) Any Shares at Risk for which the terms (including the terms for the release of Transfer Restrictions) were not satisfied, in accordance with Section 2.5.3 of the Plan.

(c) Any RSU Shares that were delivered (but not subject to Transfer Restrictions) at the same time any Shares at Risk that are cancelled or required to be repaid were delivered.

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(d) Any payments under Dividend Equivalent Rights for which the terms were not satisfied (including any such payments made in respect of RSUs that are forfeited or RSU Shares that are cancelled or required to be repaid), in accordance with Section 2.8.4 of the Plan.

(e) Any dividends paid in respect of any RSU Shares that are cancelled or required to be repaid.

(f) Any amount applied to satisfy tax withholding or other obligations with respect to any RSU, RSU Shares, dividend payments and payments under Dividend Equivalent Rights that are forfeited or required to be repaid.

EXCEPTIONS TO THE VESTING, DELIVERY AND/OR TRANSFERABILITY DATES

11. Circumstances Under Which You Will Not Forfeit Your Unvested RSUs on Employment Termination (but the Original Delivery Date and Transferability Date Continue to Apply). If your Employment terminates at a time when you meet the requirements for Extended Absence, Retirement, “downsizing” or Approved Termination, each as described below, then Paragraph 9(a) will not apply, and your Outstanding RSUs will be treated as described in this Paragraph 11. All other terms of this Award Agreement, including the other forfeiture and repayment events in Paragraphs 9 and 10, continue to apply.

(a) Extended Absence or Retirement and No Association With a Covered Enterprise.

(i) Generally. If your Employment terminates by Extended Absence or Retirement, your Outstanding RSUs that are not Vested will become Vested. However, your rights to any Outstanding RSU that becomes Vested by this Paragraph 11(a)(i) will terminate and no RSU Share will be delivered in respect of that RSU if you Associate With a Covered Enterprise on or before the originally scheduled Vesting Date for that RSU.

(ii) Special Treatment for Involuntary or Mutual Agreement Termination. Paragraph 9(b) and the second sentence of Paragraph 11(a)(i) (each relating to forfeiture if you Associate With a Covered Enterprise) will not apply if (A) the Firm characterizes your Employment termination as “involuntary” or by “mutual agreement” and (B) you execute a general waiver and release of claims and an agreement to pay any associated tax liability, in each case, in the form the Firm prescribes. No Employment termination that you initiate, including any purported “constructive termination,” a “termination for good reason” or similar concepts, can be “involuntary” or by “mutual agreement.”

(b) Downsizing. If (i) the Firm terminates your Employment solely by reason of a “downsizing” (and you have not engaged in conduct constituting Cause) and (ii) you execute a general waiver and release of claims and an agreement to pay any associated tax liability, in each case, in the form the Firm prescribes, your Outstanding RSUs that are not yet Vested will become Vested and Paragraph 9(b) will not apply. Whether or not your Employment is terminated solely by reason of a “downsizing” will be determined by the Firm in its sole discretion.

(c) Approved Terminations of Program Analysts and Fixed-Term Employees. If the Firm classifies you as a “program analyst” or a “fixed-term” employee and your Employment terminates solely by reason of an Approved Termination (and you have not engaged in conduct constituting Cause), your Outstanding RSUs that are not yet Vested will become Vested and Paragraph 9(b) will not apply.

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12. Accelerated Vesting, Delivery and/or Release of Transfer Restrictions in the Event of a Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control, Conflicted Employment or Death. In the event of your Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control, Conflicted Employment or death, each as described below, then Paragraph 9(a) will not apply, your Outstanding Award will be treated as described in this Paragraph 12, and, except as set forth in Paragraph 12(a), all other terms of this Award Agreement, including the other forfeiture and repayment events in Paragraphs 9 and 10, continue to apply.

(a) You Have a Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control. If your Employment terminates when you meet the requirements of a Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control, the RSU Shares underlying your Outstanding RSUs (whether or not Vested) will be delivered, and any Transfer Restrictions will cease to apply. In addition, the forfeiture events in Paragraph 9 will not apply to your Award.

(b) You Are Determined to Have Accepted Conflicted Employment.

(i) Generally. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Plan or otherwise, for purposes of this Award Agreement, “Conflicted Employment” means your employment at any U.S. Federal, state or local government, any non-U.S. government, any supranational or international organization, any self-regulatory organization, or any agency or instrumentality of any such government or organization, or any other employer (other than an “Accounting Firm” within the meaning of SEC Rule 2-01(f)(2) of Regulation S-X or any successor thereto) determined by the Committee, if, as a result of such employment, your continued holding of any Outstanding Award would result in an actual or perceived conflict of interest. The following will apply as soon as practicable after the Committee has received satisfactory documentation relating to your Conflicted Employment.

(A) Vesting. If your Employment terminates solely because you resign to accept Conflicted Employment and you have completed at least three years of continuous service with the Firm, your Outstanding RSUs will Vest; otherwise, you will forfeit any Outstanding RSUs that are not Vested in accordance with Paragraph 9(a).

(B) Delivery and Release of Transfer Restrictions. If your Employment terminates solely because you resign to accept Conflicted Employment or if, following your termination of Employment, you notify the Firm that you are accepting Conflicted Employment, RSU Shares will be delivered in respect of your Outstanding Vested RSUs (including in the form of cash as described in Paragraph 13(b)) and any Transfer Restrictions will cease to apply.

(ii) You May Have to Take Other Steps to Address Conflicts of Interest. The Committee retains the authority to exercise its rights under the Award Agreement or the Plan (including Section 1.3.2 of the Plan) to take or require you to take other steps it determines in its sole discretion to be necessary or appropriate to cure an actual or perceived conflict of interest (which may include a determination that the accelerated vesting, delivery and/or release of Transfer Restrictions described in Paragraph 12(b)(i) will not apply because such actions are not necessary or appropriate to cure an actual or perceived conflict of interest).

(c) Death. If you die, the RSU Shares underlying your Outstanding RSUs (whether or not Vested) will be delivered to the representative of your estate and any Transfer Restrictions will cease to apply as soon as practicable after the date of death and after such documentation as may be requested by the Committee is provided to the Committee.

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OTHER TERMS, CONDITIONS AND AGREEMENTS

13. Additional Terms, Conditions and Agreements.

(a) You Must Satisfy Applicable Tax Withholding Requirements. Delivery of RSU Shares is conditioned on your satisfaction of any applicable withholding taxes in accordance with Section 3.2 of the Plan, which includes the Firm deducting or withholding amounts from any payment or distribution to you (which, notwithstanding Section 3.2.2 of the Plan, may exceed the statutory minimum rate if and to the extent determined by the Committee or the SIP Committee). In addition, to the extent permitted by applicable law, the Firm, in its sole discretion, may require you to provide amounts equal to all or a portion of any Federal, state, local, foreign or other tax obligations imposed on you or the Firm in connection with the grant, Vesting or delivery of this Award by requiring you to choose between remitting the amount (i) in cash (or through payroll deduction or otherwise) or (ii) in the form of proceeds from the Firm’s executing a sale of RSU Shares delivered to you under this Award. In addition, if you are an individual with separate employment contracts (at any time during and/or after the Firm’s              fiscal year), the Firm, in its sole discretion, may require you to provide for a reserve in an amount the Firm determines is advisable or necessary in connection with any actual, anticipated or potential tax consequences related to your separate employment contracts by requiring you to choose between remitting such amount (i) in cash (or through payroll deduction or otherwise) or (ii) in the form of proceeds from the Firm’s executing a sale of shares of Common Stock delivered to you pursuant to this Award (or any other Outstanding awards granted under the Plan or any predecessor or successor plan thereto). In no event, however, does this Paragraph 13(a) give you any discretion to determine or affect the timing of the delivery of RSU Shares or the timing of payment of tax obligations.

(b) Firm May Deliver Cash or Other Property Instead of RSU Shares. In accordance with Section 1.3.2(i) of the Plan, in the sole discretion of the Committee, in lieu of all or any portion of the RSU Shares, the Firm may deliver cash, other securities, other awards under the Plan or other property, and all references in this Award Agreement to deliveries of RSU Shares will include such deliveries of cash, other securities, other awards under the Plan or other property.

(c) Amounts May Be Rounded to Avoid Fractional Shares. RSUs that become Vested on a Vesting Date, RSU Shares that become deliverable on a Delivery Date and RSU Shares subject to Transfer Restrictions may, in each case, be rounded to avoid fractional Shares.

(d) You May Be Required to Become a Party to the Shareholders’ Agreement. Your rights to your RSUs are conditioned on your becoming a party to any shareholders’ agreement to which other similarly situated employees (e.g., employees with a similar title or position) of the Firm are required to be a party. If you are a party to the Amended and Restated Shareholders’ Agreement, RSU Shares will be subject to the Amended and Restated Shareholders’ Agreement, but RSU Shares delivered in respect of Supplemental RSUs will not be “Covered Shares” for purposes of Section 2.1(a) thereof.

(e) Firm May Affix Legends and Place Stop Orders on Restricted RSU Shares. GS Inc. may affix to Certificates representing RSU Shares any legend that the Committee determines to be necessary or advisable (including to reflect any restrictions to which you may be subject under a separate agreement). GS Inc. may advise the transfer agent to place a stop order against any legended RSU Shares.

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(f) You Agree to Certain Consents, Terms and Conditions. By accepting this Award you understand and agree that:

(i) You Agree to Certain Consents as a Condition to the Award. You have expressly consented to all of the items listed in Section 3.3.3(d) of the Plan, including the Firm’s supplying to any third-party recordkeeper of the Plan or other person such personal information of yours as the Committee deems advisable to administer the Plan, and you agree to provide any additional consents that the Committee determines to be necessary or advisable;

(ii) You Are Subject to the Firm’s Policies, Rules and Procedures. You are subject to the Firm’s policies in effect from time to time concerning trading in RSU Shares and hedging or pledging RSU Shares and equity-based compensation or other awards (including, without limitation, the Firm’s “Policies with Respect to Personal Transactions Involving GS Securities and GS Equity Awards” or any successor policies), and confidential or proprietary information, and you will effect sales of RSU Shares in accordance with such rules and procedures as may be adopted from time to time (which may include, without limitation, restrictions relating to the timing of sale requests, the manner in which sales are executed, pricing method, consolidation or aggregation of orders and volume limits determined by the Firm);

(iii) You Are Responsible for Costs Associated with Your Award. You will be responsible for all brokerage costs and other fees or expenses associated with your RSUs, including those related to the sale of RSU Shares;

(iv) You Will Be Deemed to Represent Your Compliance with All the Terms of Your Award if You Accept Delivery of, or Sell, RSU Shares. You will be deemed to have represented and certified that you have complied with all of the terms of the Plan and this Award Agreement when RSU Shares are delivered to you, you receive payment in respect of Dividend Equivalent Rights and you request the sale of RSU Shares following the release of Transfer Restrictions;

(v) Firm May Deliver Your Award into an Escrow Account. The Firm may establish and maintain an escrow account on such terms (which may include your executing any documents related to, and your paying for any costs associated with, such account) as it may deem necessary or appropriate, and the delivery of RSU Shares (including Shares at Risk) or the payment of cash or other property may initially be made into and held in that escrow account until such time as the Committee has received such documentation as it may have requested or until the Committee has determined that any other conditions or restrictions on delivery of RSU Shares, cash or other property required by this Award Agreement have been satisfied;

(vi) You May Be Required to Certify Compliance with Award Terms; You Are Responsible for Providing the Firm with Updated Address and Contact Information After Your Departure from the Firm. If your Employment terminates while you continue to hold RSUs or Shares at Risk, from time to time, you may be required to provide certifications of your compliance with all of the terms of the Plan and this Award Agreement as described in Paragraph 9(d)(iv). You understand and agree that (A) your address on file with the Firm at the time any certification is required will be deemed to be your current address, (B) it is your responsibility to inform the Firm of any changes to your address to ensure timely receipt of the certification materials, (C) you are responsible for contacting the Firm to obtain such certification materials if not received and (D) your failure to return properly completed certification materials by the specified deadline (which includes your failure to timely return the completed certification because you did not provide the Firm with updated contact information) will result in the forfeiture of all of your RSUs and Shares at Risk and subject previously delivered amounts to repayment under Paragraph 9(d)(iv);

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(vii) You Authorize the Firm to Register, in Its or Its Designee’s Name, Any Shares at Risk and Sell, Assign or Transfer Any Forfeited Shares at Risk. You are granting to the Firm the full power and authority to register any Shares at Risk in its or its designee’s name and authorizing the Firm or its designee to sell, assign or transfer any Shares at Risk if you forfeit your Shares at Risk;

(viii) You Must Comply with Applicable Deadlines and Procedures to Appeal Determinations Made by the Committee, the SIP Committee or SIP Administrators. In order to appeal a determination by the Committee, the SIP Committee, the SIP Administrators, or any of their delegates or designees, you must submit a written request for the appeal within 180 days after receipt of any such determination. You must exhaust all administrative remedies before seeking to resolve a dispute through arbitration pursuant to Paragraph 16 and Section 3.17 of the Plan; and

(ix) You Agree that Covered Persons Will Not Have Liability. In addition to and without limiting the generality of the provisions of Section 1.3.5 of the Plan, neither the Firm nor any Covered Person will have any liability to you or any other person for any action taken or omitted in respect of this or any other Award.

14. Non-transferability. Except as otherwise may be provided in this Paragraph 14 or as otherwise may be provided by the Committee, the limitations on transferability set forth in Section 3.5 of the Plan will apply to this Award. Any purported transfer or assignment in violation of the provisions of this Paragraph 14 or Section 3.5 of the Plan will be void. The Committee may adopt procedures pursuant to which some or all recipients of RSUs may transfer some or all of their RSUs and/or Shares at Risk (which will continue to be subject to Transfer Restrictions until the applicable Transferability Date) through a gift for no consideration to any immediate family member, a trust or other estate planning vehicle approved by the Committee or SIP Committee in which the recipient and/or the recipient’s immediate family members in the aggregate have 100% of the beneficial interest.

15. Right of Offset. Except as provided in Paragraph 18(h), the obligation to deliver RSU Shares, to pay dividends or payments under Dividend Equivalent Rights or to remove the Transfer Restrictions under this Award Agreement is subject to Section 3.4 of the Plan, which provides for the Firm’s right to offset against such obligation any outstanding amounts you owe to the Firm and any amounts the Committee deems appropriate pursuant to any tax equalization policy or agreement.

ARBITRATION, CHOICE OF FORUM AND GOVERNING LAW

16. Arbitration; Choice of Forum.

(a) BY ACCEPTING THIS AWARD, YOU ARE INDICATING THAT YOU UNDERSTAND AND AGREE THAT THE ARBITRATION AND CHOICE OF FORUM PROVISIONS SET FORTH IN SECTION 3.17 OF THE PLAN WILL APPLY TO THIS AWARD. THESE PROVISIONS, WHICH ARE EXPRESSLY INCORPORATED HEREIN BY REFERENCE, PROVIDE AMONG OTHER THINGS THAT ANY DISPUTE, CONTROVERSY OR CLAIM BETWEEN THE FIRM AND YOU ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO OR CONCERNING THE PLAN OR THIS AWARD AGREEMENT WILL BE FINALLY SETTLED BY ARBITRATION IN NEW YORK CITY, PURSUANT TO THE TERMS MORE FULLY SET FORTH IN SECTION 3.17 OF THE PLAN; PROVIDED THAT NOTHING HEREIN SHALL PRECLUDE YOU FROM FILING A CHARGE WITH OR PARTICIPATING IN ANY INVESTIGATION OR PROCEEDING CONDUCTED BY ANY GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE SEC AND THE EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION.

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(b) To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, no arbitrator will have the authority to consider class, collective or representative claims, to order consolidation or to join different claimants or grant relief other than on an individual basis to the individual claimant involved.

(c) Notwithstanding any applicable forum rules to the contrary, to the extent there is a question of enforceability of this Award Agreement arising from a challenge to the arbitrator’s jurisdiction or to the arbitrability of a claim, it will be decided by a court and not an arbitrator.

(d) All references to the New York Stock Exchange in Section 3.17 of the Plan will be read as references to the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.

(e) The Federal Arbitration Act governs interpretation and enforcement of all arbitration provisions under the Plan and this Award Agreement, and all arbitration proceedings thereunder.

(f) Nothing in this Award Agreement creates a substantive right to bring a claim under U.S. Federal, state, or local employment laws.

17. Governing Law. THIS AWARD WILL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, WITHOUT REGARD TO PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICT OF LAWS.

CERTAIN TAX PROVISIONS

18. Compliance of Award Agreement and Plan with Section 409A. The provisions of this Paragraph 18 apply to you only if you are a U.S. taxpayer.

(a) This Award Agreement and the Plan provisions that apply to this Award are intended and will be construed to comply with Section 409A (including the requirements applicable to, or the conditions for exemption from treatment as, 409A Deferred Compensation), whether by reason of short-term deferral treatment or other exceptions or provisions. The Committee will have full authority to give effect to this intent. To the extent necessary to give effect to this intent, in the case of any conflict or potential inconsistency between the provisions of the Plan (including Sections 1.3.2 and 2.1 thereof) and this Award Agreement, the provisions of this Award Agreement will govern, and in the case of any conflict or potential inconsistency between this Paragraph 18 and the other provisions of this Award Agreement, this Paragraph 18 will govern.

(b) Delivery of RSU Shares will not be delayed beyond the date on which all applicable conditions or restrictions on delivery of RSU Shares required by this Agreement (including those specified in Paragraphs 6, 7, 11(a)(ii), 11(b), 12(c) and 13 and the consents and other items specified in Section 3.3 of the Plan) are satisfied. To the extent that any portion of this Award is intended to satisfy the requirements for short-term deferral treatment under Section 409A, delivery for such portion will occur by the March 15 coinciding with the last day of the applicable “short-term deferral” period described in Reg. 1.409A-1(b)(4) in order for the delivery of RSU Shares to be within the short-term deferral exception unless, in order to permit all applicable conditions or restrictions on delivery to be satisfied, the Committee elects, pursuant to

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Reg. 1.409A-1(b)(4)(i)(D) or otherwise as may be permitted in accordance with Section 409A, to delay delivery of RSU Shares to a later date within the same calendar year or to such later date as may be permitted under Section 409A, including Reg. 1.409A-2(b)(7) (in conjunction with Section 3.21.3 of the Plan pertaining to Code Section 162(m)) and Reg. 1.409A-3(d). For the avoidance of doubt, if the Award includes a “series of installment payments” as described in Reg. 1.409A-2(b)(2)(iii), your right to the series of installment payments will be treated as a right to a series of separate payments and not as a right to a single payment.

(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of Paragraph 13(b) and Section 1.3.2(i) of the Plan, to the extent necessary to comply with Section 409A, any securities, other Awards or other property that the Firm may deliver in respect of your RSUs will not have the effect of deferring delivery or payment, income inclusion, or a substantial risk of forfeiture, beyond the date on which such delivery, payment or inclusion would occur or such risk of forfeiture would lapse, with respect to the RSU Shares that would otherwise have been deliverable (unless the Committee elects a later date for this purpose pursuant to Reg. 1.409A-1(b)(4)(i)(D) or otherwise as may be permitted under Section 409A, including and to the extent applicable, the subsequent election provisions of Section 409A(a)(4)(C) of the Code and Reg. 1.409A-2(b)).

(d) Notwithstanding the timing provisions of Paragraph 12(c), the delivery of RSU Shares referred to therein will be made after the date of death and during the calendar year that includes the date of death (or on such later date as may be permitted under Section 409A).

(e) The timing of delivery or payment pursuant to Paragraph 12(a) will occur on the earlier of (i) the Delivery Date or (ii) a date that is within the calendar year in which the termination of Employment occurs; provided, however, that, if you are a “specified employee” (as defined by the Firm in accordance with Section 409A(a)(2)(i)(B) of the Code), delivery will occur on the earlier of the Delivery Date or (to the extent required to avoid the imposition of additional tax under Section 409A) the date that is six months after your termination of Employment (or, if the latter date is not during a Window Period, the first trading day of the next Window Period). For purposes of Paragraph 12(a), references in this Award Agreement to termination of Employment mean a termination of Employment from the Firm (as defined by the Firm) which is also a separation from service (as defined by the Firm in accordance with Section 409A).

(f) Notwithstanding any provision of Paragraph 8 or Section 2.8.2 of the Plan to the contrary, the Dividend Equivalent Rights with respect to each of your Outstanding RSUs will be paid to you within the calendar year that includes the date of distribution of any corresponding regular cash dividends paid by GS Inc. in respect of a share of Common Stock the record date for which occurs on or after the Date of Grant. The payment will be in an amount (less applicable withholding) equal to such regular dividend payment as would have been made in respect of the RSU Shares underlying such Outstanding RSUs.

(g) The timing of delivery or payment referred to in Paragraph 12(b)(i) will be the earlier of (i) the Delivery Date or (ii) a date that is within the calendar year in which the Committee receives satisfactory documentation relating to your Conflicted Employment, provided that such delivery or payment will be made, and any Committee action referred to in Paragraph 12(b)(ii) will be taken, only at such time as, and if and to the extent that it, as reasonably determined by the Firm, would not result in the imposition of any additional tax to you under Section 409A.

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(h) Paragraph 15 and Section 3.4 of the Plan will not apply to Awards that are 409A Deferred Compensation except to the extent permitted under Section 409A.

(i) Delivery of RSU Shares in respect of any Award may be made, if and to the extent elected by the Committee, later than the Delivery Date or other date or period specified hereinabove (but, in the case of any Award that constitutes 409A Deferred Compensation, only to the extent that the later delivery is permitted under Section 409A).

(j) You understand and agree that you are solely responsible for the payment of any taxes and penalties due pursuant to Section 409A, but in no event will you be permitted to designate, directly or indirectly, the taxable year of the delivery.

19. Compliance of Award Agreement and Plan with Section 162(m). If you are or become considered by GS Inc. to be one of its “covered employees” within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code, then you will be subject to Section 3.21.3 of the Plan, as a result of which delivery of your RSU Shares may be delayed.

COMMITTEE AUTHORITY, AMENDMENT AND CONSTRUCTION

20. Committee Authority. The Committee has the authority to determine, in its sole discretion, that any event triggering forfeiture or repayment of your Award will not apply, to limit the forfeitures and repayments that result under Paragraphs 9 and 10 and to remove Transfer Restrictions before the applicable Transferability Date. In addition, the Committee, in its sole discretion, may determine whether Paragraphs 11(a)(ii) and 11(b) will apply upon a termination of Employment and whether a termination of Employment constitutes an Approved Termination under Paragraph 11(c).

21. Amendment. The Committee reserves the right at any time to amend the terms of this Award Agreement, and the Board may amend the Plan in any respect; provided that, notwithstanding the foregoing and Sections 1.3.2(f), 1.3.2(h) and 3.1 of the Plan, no such amendment will materially adversely affect your rights and obligations under this Award Agreement without your consent; and provided further that the Committee expressly reserves its rights to amend the Award Agreement and the Plan as described in Sections 1.3.2(h)(1), (2) and (4) of the Plan. A modification that impacts the tax consequences of this Award or the timing of delivery of RSU Shares will not be an amendment that materially adversely affects your rights and obligations under this Award Agreement. Any amendment of this Award Agreement will be in writing.

22. Construction, Headings. Unless the context requires otherwise, (a) words describing the singular number include the plural and vice versa, (b) words denoting any gender include all genders and (c) the words “include,” “includes” and “including” will be deemed to be followed by the words “without limitation.” The headings in this Award Agreement are for the purpose of convenience only and are not intended to define or limit the construction of the provisions hereof. References in this Award Agreement to any specific Plan provision will not be construed as limiting the applicability of any other Plan provision.

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, GS Inc. has caused this Award Agreement to be duly executed and delivered as of the Date of Grant.

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.

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CODE STAFF FORFEITURE AND REPAYMENT APPENDIX

This Code Staff Appendix supplements Paragraph 9 and sets forth additional events that result in forfeiture of up to all of your RSUs and Shares at Risk and may require repayment to the Firm of up to all other amounts previously delivered or paid to you under your Award in accordance with Paragraph 10. As with the events described in Paragraph 9, more than one event may apply, in no case will the occurrence of one event limit the forfeiture and repayment obligations as a result of the occurrence of any other event and the Firm reserves the right to (a) suspend vesting of Outstanding RSUs, delivery of RSU Shares or release of Transfer Restrictions, (b) deliver any RSU Shares into an escrow account in accordance with Paragraph 13(f)(v) or (c) apply Transfer Restrictions to any RSU Shares in connection with any investigation of whether any of the events that result in forfeiture under this Code Staff Appendix have occurred.

With respect to the events described in Paragraphs ([a][b]) through ([d][e]) of this Appendix, the Committee will consider certain factors to determine whether and what portion of your Award will terminate, including the reason for the “Loss Event” (as defined below) or “Risk Event” (as defined below) and the extent to which: (1) you participated in the Loss Event or Risk Event, (2) your compensation for the Firm’s              fiscal year may or may not have been adjusted to take into account the risk associated with the Loss Event, Risk Event, your “Serious Misconduct” (as defined below) or the Serious Misconduct of a “Supervised Employee” (as defined below) and (3) your compensation may be adjusted for the year in which the Loss Event, Risk Event, your Serious Misconduct or a Supervised Employee’s Serious Misconduct is discovered.

(a) [You Associate With a Material Covered Enterprise Prior to             . If you “Associate With a Material Covered Enterprise” (as defined below) before the earlier of              or a Qualifying Termination After a Change In Control, your rights to all of your Outstanding RSUs (whether or not Vested) will terminate, and no RSU Shares will be delivered in respect of such RSUs and your rights to all of your Shares at Risk will terminate and your Shares at Risk will be cancelled. For the avoidance of doubt, notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) the restrictions on Association With a Covered Enterprise described in Paragraph 9(b) will supersede the restrictions on Association With a Material Covered Enterprise described in this Appendix until the January 1 immediately preceding the applicable Delivery Date for your Supplemental RSUs and (ii) if your Base RSUs become Vested by reason of Extended Absence or Retirement and are subject to forfeiture if you Associate With a Covered Enterprise as described in Paragraph 11(a)(i), the restrictions on Association With a Covered Enterprise in Paragraph 11(a)(i) will supersede the restrictions on Association With a Material Covered Enterprise described in this Appendix until the applicable originally scheduled Vesting Date.

(i) “Associate With a Material Covered Enterprise” means that you (A) form, or acquire a 5% or greater equity ownership, voting or profit participation interest in, any “Material Covered Enterprise” (as defined below) or (B) associate in any capacity (including association as an officer, employee, partner, director, consultant, agent or advisor) with any Material Covered Enterprise. Associate With a Material Covered Enterprise may include, as determined in the discretion of either the Committee or the SIP Committee, (A) becoming the subject of any publicly available announcement or report of a pending or future association with a Material Covered Enterprise and (B) unpaid associations, including an association in contemplation of future employment. The term “Association With a Material Covered Enterprise” has its correlative meaning.

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(ii) The restriction described above on any Association With a Material Covered Enterprise will not apply if (A) the Firm terminates your Employment solely by reason of a “downsizing” (and you have not engaged in conduct constituting Cause) or the Firm characterizes your Employment termination as “involuntary” or by “mutual agreement” and (B) you execute a general waiver and release of claims and an agreement to pay any associated tax liability, in each case, in the form the Firm prescribes.

(iii) “Material Covered Enterprise” means a Covered Enterprise that the Firm determines, in its sole discretion, to be material.]

(b) A Loss Event Occurs Prior to Delivery. If a Loss Event occurs prior to the delivery of RSU Shares, your rights in respect of all or a portion of your RSUs (whether or not Vested) which are scheduled to deliver on the next Delivery Date immediately following the date that the Loss Event is identified (or, if not practicable, then the next following Delivery Date) will terminate, and no RSU Shares will be delivered in respect of such RSUs.

(i) A “Loss Event” means (A) an annual pre-tax loss at GS Inc. or (B) annual negative revenues in one or more reporting segments as disclosed in the Firm’s Form 10-K other than the Investing & Lending segment, or annual negative revenues in the Investing & Lending segment of $5 billion or more, provided in either case that you are employed in a business within such reporting segment.

(c) A Risk Event Occurs Prior to             . If a Risk Event occurs prior to             , (i) your rights in respect of all or a portion of your RSUs (whether or not Vested) will terminate and no RSU Shares will be delivered in respect of such RSUs, (ii) your rights to all or a portion of any Shares at Risk will terminate and such Shares at Risk will be cancelled and (iii) you will be obligated immediately upon demand therefor to pay the Firm an amount not in excess of the greater of the Fair Market Value of the RSU Shares (plus any dividend payments and payments under Dividend Equivalent Rights) delivered in respect of the Award (without reduction for any amount applied to satisfy tax withholding or other obligations) determined as of (A) the date the Risk Event occurred and (B) the date that the repayment request is made.

(i) A “Risk Event” means there occurs a loss of 5% or more of firmwide total capital from a reportable operational risk event determined in accordance with the firmwide Reporting Operational Risk Events Policy.

(d) You Engage in Serious Misconduct Prior to             . If you engage in Serious Misconduct during the period beginning on the applicable Transferability Date through             , you will be obligated immediately upon demand therefor to pay the Firm an amount not in excess of the greater of the Fair Market Value of the RSU Shares (plus any dividend payments and payments under Dividend Equivalent Rights) delivered in respect of the Award (without reduction for any amount applied to satisfy tax withholding or other obligations) determined as of (i) the date the Serious Misconduct occurred and (ii) the date that the repayment request is made.

(i) “Serious Misconduct” means that you engage in conduct that the Firm reasonably considers, in its sole discretion, to be misconduct sufficient to justify summary termination of employment under English law.

(e) A Supervised Employee Engages in Serious Misconduct. If the Committee determines that it is appropriate to hold you accountable in whole or in part for Serious Misconduct related to compliance, control or risk that occurred during the Firm’s              fiscal year by a Supervised Employee, your rights in respect of all or a portion of your RSUs (whether or not Vested) will terminate and no RSU Shares will be delivered in respect of such RSUs and your rights to all or a portion of any Shares at Risk will terminate and such Shares at Risk will be cancelled.

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(i) “Supervised Employee” means an individual with respect to whom the Committee determines you had supervisory responsibility as a result of direct or indirect reporting lines or your management responsibility for an office, division or business.

Notwithstanding any provision in the Plan, this Award Agreement or any other agreement or arrangement you may have with the Firm, the parties agree that to the extent that there is any dispute arising out of or relating to the payment required by Paragraphs ([b][c]) and ([c][d]) of this Appendix (including your refusal to remit payment) the parties will submit to arbitration in accordance with Paragraph 16 of this Award Agreement and Section 3.17 of the Plan as the sole means of resolution of such dispute (including the recovery by the Firm of the payment amount).

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DEFINITIONS APPENDIX

The following capitalized terms are used in this Award Agreement with the following meanings:

(a) “409A Deferred Compensation” means a “deferral of compensation” or “deferred compensation” as those terms are defined in the regulations under Section 409A.

(b) “Approved Termination” means that you are classified by the Firm as a “program analyst” or “fixed-term employee” and you (i) successfully complete the analyst program or fixed-term engagement, as applicable and determined by the Firm in its sole discretion, including remaining Employed through the completion date specified by the Firm, and (ii) terminate Employment immediately after the completion date without any “stay-on” or other agreement or understanding to continue Employment with the Firm. If you agree to stay with the Firm as an employee after your analyst program or fixed-term engagement ends and then later terminate Employment, you will not have an Approved Termination.

(c) “Associate With a Covered Enterprise” means that you (i) form, or acquire a 5% or greater equity ownership, voting or profit participation interest in, any Covered Enterprise or (ii) associate in any capacity (including association as an officer, employee, partner, director, consultant, agent or advisor) with any Covered Enterprise. Associate With a Covered Enterprise may include, as determined in the discretion of either the Committee or the SIP Committee, (i) becoming the subject of any publicly available announcement or report of a pending or future association with a Covered Enterprise and (ii) unpaid associations, including an association in contemplation of future employment. “Association With a Covered Enterprise” will have its correlative meaning.

(d) “Conflicted Employment” means your employment at any U.S. Federal, state or local government, any non-U.S. government, any supranational or international organization, any self-regulatory organization, or any agency or instrumentality of any such government or organization, or any other employer (other than an “Accounting Firm” within the meaning of SEC Rule 2-01(f)(2) of Regulation S-X or any successor thereto) determined by the Committee, if, as a result of such employment, your continued holding of any Outstanding Award would result in an actual or perceived conflict of interest.

(e) “Covered Enterprise” means an existing or planned business enterprise that competes with the Firm (which, for this purpose means offering products or services that are the same as or similar to those offered by the Firm (“Firm Products or Services”)), or reasonably may be expected to do so. The enterprises covered by this definition include enterprises that offer Firm Products or Services directly, as well as those that do so indirectly by ownership or control (e.g., by owning, being owned by, or being under common ownership with an enterprise that offers Firm Products or Services). An enterprise will be treated as providing Firm Products or Services if, solely by way of example, it provides products or services associated with investment banking, public or private finance, lending, financial advisory services, private investing (for anyone other than you or your family members), private banking, commercial banking, merchant banking, asset or hedge fund management, insurance or reinsurance underwriting or brokerage, property management, or securities, futures, commodities, energy, derivatives or currency brokerage, sales, lending, custody, clearance, settlement or trading. A Competitive Enterprise is a Covered Enterprise. An enterprise that offers, or may reasonably be expected to offer, Firm Products or Services is a Covered Enterprise irrespective of whether the enterprise is a customer, client or counterparty of the Firm, and, because the Firm is a global enterprise, irrespective of where the Covered Enterprise is physically located.

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(f) “Failed to Consider Risk” means that you participated in the structuring or marketing of any product or service, or participated on behalf of the Firm or any of its clients in the purchase or sale of any security or other property, in any case without appropriate consideration of the risk to the Firm or the broader financial system as a whole (for example, where you have improperly analyzed such risk or where you have failed sufficiently to raise concerns about such risk) and, as a result of such action or omission, the Committee determines there has been, or reasonably could be expected to be, a material adverse impact on the Firm, your business unit or the broader financial system.

(g) “            Transferability Date” means the first trading day in a Window Period that occurs in             , or if no Window Period occurs in             , the first trading day of the first Window Period following thereafter.

(h) “Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control” means that the Firm terminates your Employment other than for Cause or you terminate your Employment for Good Reason, in each case, within 18 months following a Change in Control.

(i) “SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

(j) “Selected Firm Personnel” means any individual who is or in the three months preceding the conduct prohibited by Paragraph 9(c)(i) was (i) a Firm employee or consultant with whom you personally worked while employed by the Firm, (ii) a Firm employee or consultant who, at any time during the year preceding the date of the termination of your Employment, worked in the same division in which you worked or (iii) an Advisory Director, a Managing Director or a Senior Advisor of the Firm.

(k) “Shares at Risk” means RSU Shares subject to Transfer Restrictions.

(l) “Six-Month Transferability Date” means the first trading day in a Window Period that occurs on or after the six-month anniversary of the Delivery Date.

The following capitalized terms are used in this Award Agreement with the meanings that are assigned to them in the Plan.

(a) “Account” means any brokerage account, custody account or similar account, as approved or required by GS Inc. from time to time, into which shares of Common Stock, cash or other property in respect of an Award are delivered.

(b) “Award Agreement” means the written document or documents by which each Award is evidenced, including any Award Statement.

(c) “Award Statement” means a written statement that reflects certain Award terms.

(d) “Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in New York City are authorized or obligated by Federal law or executive order to be closed.

(e) “Cause” means (i) the Grantee’s conviction, whether following trial or by plea of guilty or nolo contendere (or similar plea), in a criminal proceeding (A) on a misdemeanor charge involving fraud, false statements or misleading omissions, wrongful taking, embezzlement, bribery, forgery, counterfeiting or extortion, or (B) on a felony charge, or (C) on an equivalent charge to those in clauses (A) and (B) in jurisdictions which do not use those designations, (ii) the Grantee’s engaging in any conduct which constitutes an employment disqualification under applicable law (including statutory

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disqualification as defined under the Exchange Act), (iii) the Grantee’s willful failure to perform the Grantee’s duties to the Firm, (iv) the Grantee’s violation of any securities or commodities laws, any rules or regulations issued pursuant to such laws, or the rules and regulations of any securities or commodities exchange or association of which the Firm is a member, (v) the Grantee’s violation of any Firm policy concerning hedging or pledging or confidential or proprietary information, or the Grantee’s material violation of any other Firm policy as in effect from time to time, (vi) the Grantee’s engaging in any act or making any statement which impairs, impugns, denigrates, disparages or negatively reflects upon the name, reputation or business interests of the Firm or (vii) the Grantee’s engaging in any conduct detrimental to the Firm. The determination as to whether Cause has occurred shall be made by the Committee in its sole discretion and, in such case, the Committee also may, but shall not be required to, specify the date such Cause occurred (including by determining that a prior termination of Employment was for Cause). Any rights the Firm may have hereunder and in any Award Agreement in respect of the events giving rise to Cause shall be in addition to the rights the Firm may have under any other agreement with a Grantee or at law or in equity.

(f) “Change in Control” means the consummation of a merger, consolidation, statutory share exchange or similar form of corporate transaction involving GS Inc. (a “Reorganization”) or sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of GS Inc.’s assets to an entity that is not an affiliate of GS Inc. (a “Sale”), that in each case requires the approval of GS Inc.’s shareholders under the law of GS Inc.’s jurisdiction of organization, whether for such Reorganization or Sale (or the issuance of securities of GS Inc. in such Reorganization or Sale), unless immediately following such Reorganization or Sale, either: (i) at least 50% of the total voting power (in respect of the election of directors, or similar officials in the case of an entity other than a corporation) of (A) the entity resulting from such Reorganization, or the entity which has acquired all or substantially all of the assets of GS Inc. in a Sale (in either case, the “Surviving Entity”), or (B) if applicable, the ultimate parent entity that directly or indirectly has beneficial ownership (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act, as such Rule is in effect on the date of the adoption of the 1999 SIP) of 50% or more of the total voting power (in respect of the election of directors, or similar officials in the case of an entity other than a corporation) of the Surviving Entity (the “Parent Entity”) is represented by GS Inc.’s securities (the “GS Inc. Securities”) that were outstanding immediately prior to such Reorganization or Sale (or, if applicable, is represented by shares into which such GS Inc. Securities were converted pursuant to such Reorganization or Sale) or (ii) at least 50% of the members of the board of directors (or similar officials in the case of an entity other than a corporation) of the Parent Entity (or, if there is no Parent Entity, the Surviving Entity) following the consummation of the Reorganization or Sale were, at the time of the Board’s approval of the execution of the initial agreement providing for such Reorganization or Sale, individuals (the “Incumbent Directors”) who either (A) were members of the Board on the Effective Date or (B) became directors subsequent to the Effective Date and whose election or nomination for election was approved by a vote of at least two-thirds of the Incumbent Directors then on the Board (either by a specific vote or by approval of GS Inc.’s proxy statement in which such persons are named as nominees for director).

(g) “Client” means any client or prospective client of the Firm to whom the Grantee provided services, or for whom the Grantee transacted business, or whose identity became known to the Grantee in connection with the Grantee’s relationship with or employment by the Firm.

(h) “Committee” means the committee appointed by the Board to administer the Plan pursuant to Section 1.3, and, to the extent the Board determines it is appropriate for the compensation realized from Awards under the Plan to be considered “performance based” compensation under Section 162(m) of the Code, shall be a committee or subcommittee of the Board composed of two or more members, each of whom is an “outside director” within the meaning of Code Section 162(m), and which, to the extent the Board determines it is appropriate for Awards under the Plan to qualify for the exemption available under Rule 16b-3(d)(1) or Rule 16b-3(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act, shall

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be a committee or subcommittee of the Board composed of two or more members, each of whom is a “non-employee director” within the meaning of Rule 16b-3. Unless otherwise determined by the Board, the Committee shall be the Compensation Committee of the Board.

(i) “Common Stock” means common stock of GS Inc., par value $0.01 per share.

(j) “Competitive Enterprise” means an existing or planned business enterprise that (i) engages, or may reasonably be expected to engage, in any activity, (ii) owns or controls, or may reasonably be expected to own or control, a significant interest in or (iii) is, or may reasonably be expected to be, owned by, or a significant interest in which is, or may reasonably expected to be, owned or controlled by, any entity that engages in any activity that, in any case, competes or will compete anywhere with any activity in which the Firm is engaged. The activities covered by this definition include, without limitation, financial services such as investment banking, public or private finance, lending, financial advisory services, private investing (for anyone other than the Grantee and members of the Grantee’s family), merchant banking, asset or hedge fund management, insurance or reinsurance underwriting or brokerage, property management, or securities, futures, commodities, energy, derivatives or currency brokerage, sales, lending, custody, clearance, settlement or trading.

(k) “Covered Person” means a member of the Board or the Committee or any employee of the Firm.

(l) “Date of Grant” means the date specified in the Grantee’s Award Agreement as the date of grant of the Award.

(m) “Delivery Date” means each date specified in the Grantee’s Award Agreement as a delivery date, provided, unless the Committee determines otherwise, such date is during a Window Period or, if such date is not during a Window Period, the first trading day of the first Window Period beginning after such date.

(n) “Dividend Equivalent Right” means a dividend equivalent right granted under the Plan, which represents an unfunded and unsecured promise to pay to the Grantee amounts equal to all or any portion of the regular cash dividends that would be paid on shares of Common Stock covered by an Award if such shares had been delivered pursuant to an Award.

(o) “Employment” means the Grantee’s performance of services for the Firm, as determined by the Committee. The terms “employ” and “employed” shall have their correlative meanings. The Committee in its sole discretion may determine (i) whether and when a Grantee’s leave of absence results in a termination of Employment (for this purpose, unless the Committee determines otherwise, a Grantee shall be treated as terminating Employment with the Firm upon the occurrence of an Extended Absence), (ii) whether and when a change in a Grantee’s association with the Firm results in a termination of Employment and (iii) the impact, if any, of any such leave of absence or change in association on Awards theretofore made. Unless expressly provided otherwise, any references in the Plan or any Award Agreement to a Grantee’s Employment being terminated shall include both voluntary and involuntary terminations.

(p) “Extended Absence” means the Grantee’s inability to perform for six (6) continuous months, due to illness, injury or pregnancy-related complications, substantially all the essential duties of the Grantee’s occupation, as determined by the Committee.

(q) “Firm” means GS Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.

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(r) “Good Reason” means, in connection with a termination of employment by a Grantee following a Change in Control, (a) as determined by the Committee, a materially adverse alteration in the Grantee’s position or in the nature or status of the Grantee’s responsibilities from those in effect immediately prior to the Change in Control or (b) the Firm’s requiring the Grantee’s principal place of Employment to be located more than seventy-five (75) miles from the location where the Grantee is principally Employed at the time of the Change in Control (except for required travel on the Firm’s business to an extent substantially consistent with the Grantee’s customary business travel obligations in the ordinary course of business prior to the Change in Control).

(s) “Grantee” means a person who receives an Award.

(t) “GS Inc.” means The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., and any successor thereto.

(u) “Outstanding” means any Award to the extent it has not been forfeited, cancelled, terminated, exercised or with respect to which the shares of Common Stock underlying the Award have not been previously delivered or other payments made.

(v) “Retirement” means termination of the Grantee’s Employment (other than for Cause) on or after the Date of Grant at a time when (i) (A) the sum of the Grantee’s age plus years of service with the Firm (as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion) equals or exceeds 60 and (B) the Grantee has completed at least 10 years of service with the Firm (as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion) or, if earlier, (ii) (A) the Grantee has attained age 50 and (B) the Grantee has completed at least five years of service with the Firm (as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion).

(w) “RSU” means a restricted stock unit Award granted under the Plan, which represents an unfunded and unsecured promise to deliver shares of Common Stock in accordance with the terms of the RSU Award Agreement.

(x) “RSU Shares” means shares of Common Stock that underlie an RSU.

(y) “Section 409A” means Section 409A of the Code, including any amendments or successor provisions to that Section and any regulations and other administrative guidance thereunder, in each case as they, from time to time, may be amended or interpreted through further administrative guidance.

(z) “SIP Administrator” means each person designated by the Committee as a “SIP Administrator” with the authority to perform day-to-day administrative functions for the Plan.

(aa) “SIP Committee” means the persons who have been delegated certain authority under the Plan by the Committee.

(bb) “Solicit” means any direct or indirect communication of any kind whatsoever, regardless of by whom initiated, inviting, advising, encouraging or requesting any person or entity, in any manner, to take or refrain from taking any action.

(cc) “Transfer Restrictions” means restrictions that prohibit the sale, exchange, transfer, assignment, pledge, hypothecation, fractionalization, hedge or other disposal (including through the use of any cash-settled instrument), whether voluntarily or involuntarily by the Grantee, of an Award or any shares of Common Stock, cash or other property delivered in respect of an Award.

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(dd) “Transferability Date” means the date Transfer Restrictions on a Restricted Share will be released. Within 30 Business Days after the applicable Transferability Date, GS Inc. shall take, or shall cause to be taken, such steps as may be necessary to remove Transfer Restrictions.

(ee) “Vested” means, with respect to an Award, the portion of the Award that is not subject to a condition that the Grantee remain actively employed by the Firm in order for the Award to remain Outstanding. The fact that an Award becomes Vested shall not mean or otherwise indicate that the Grantee has an unconditional or nonforfeitable right to such Award, and such Award shall remain subject to such terms, conditions and forfeiture provisions as may be provided for in the Plan or in the Award Agreement.

(ff) “Vesting Date” means each date specified in the Grantee’s Award Agreement as a date on which part or all of an Award becomes Vested.

(gg) “Window Period” means a period designated by the Firm during which all employees of the Firm are permitted to purchase or sell shares of Common Stock (provided that, if the Grantee is a member of a designated group of employees who are subject to different restrictions, the Window Period may be a period designated by the Firm during which an employee of the Firm in such designated group is permitted to purchase or sell shares of Common Stock).

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EX-10.51

EXHIBIT 10.51

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.

             YEAR-END SHORT-TERM RSU AWARD

This Award Agreement, together with The Goldman Sachs Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (2015) (the “Plan”), governs your              year-end award of Short-Term RSUs (your “Award”). You should read carefully this entire Award Agreement, which includes the Award Statement and any attached Appendix.

ACCEPTANCE

1. You Must Decide Whether to Accept this Award Agreement. To be eligible to receive your Award, you must by the date specified (a) open and activate an Account and (b) agree to all the terms of your Award by executing the related signature card in accordance with its instructions. By executing the signature card, you confirm your agreement to all of the terms of this Award Agreement, including the arbitration and choice of forum provisions in Paragraph 14.

DOCUMENTS THAT GOVERN YOUR AWARD; DEFINITIONS

2. The Plan. Your Award is granted under the Plan, and the Plan’s terms apply to, and are a part of, this Award Agreement.

3. Your Award Statement. The Award Statement delivered to you contains some of your Award’s specific terms. For example, it contains the number of Short-Term RSUs awarded to you and the Delivery Date.

4. Definitions. Capitalized terms are defined in the Definitions Appendix, which also includes terms that are defined in the Plan.

VESTING OF YOUR RSUS

5. Vesting. All of your Short-Term RSUs are Vested. When an RSU is Vested, it means only that your continued active Employment is not required for delivery of that portion of RSU Shares. Vesting does not mean you have a non-forfeitable right to the Vested portion of your Award. The terms of this Award Agreement (including conditions to delivery) continue to apply to Vested Short-Term RSUs, and you can still forfeit Vested Short-Term RSUs and any RSU Shares.

DELIVERY OF YOUR RSU SHARES

6. Delivery. Reasonably promptly (but no more than 30 Business Days) after each Delivery Date listed on your Award Statement, RSU Shares (less applicable withholding as described in Paragraph 11(a)) will be delivered (by book entry credit to your Account) in respect of the amount of Outstanding Short-Term RSUs listed next to that date. The Committee or the SIP Committee may select multiple dates within the 30-Business-Day period following the Delivery Date to deliver RSU Shares in respect of all or a portion of the Short-Term RSUs with the same Delivery Date listed on the Award Statement, and all such dates will be treated as a single Delivery Date for purposes of this Award. Until such delivery, you have only the rights of a general unsecured creditor, and no rights as a shareholder of GS Inc. Without limiting the Committee’s authority under Section 1.3.2(h) of the Plan, the Firm may accelerate any Delivery Date by up to 30 days.

DIVIDENDS

7. Dividend Equivalent Rights and Dividends. Each Short-Term RSU includes a Dividend Equivalent Right, which entitles you to receive an amount (less applicable withholding), at or after the time of distribution of any regular cash dividend paid by GS Inc. in respect of a share of Common Stock, equal to any regular cash dividend payment that would have been made in respect of an RSU Share underlying your Outstanding Short-Term RSUs for any record date that occurs on or after the Date of Grant.

FORFEITURE OF YOUR AWARD

8. How You May Forfeit Your Award. This Paragraph 8 sets forth the events that result in forfeiture of up to all of your Short-Term RSUs and may require repayment to the Firm of up to all other amounts previously delivered or paid to you under your Award in accordance with Paragraph 9. More than one event may apply, and in no case will the occurrence of one event limit the forfeiture and repayment obligations as a result of the occurrence of any other event. In addition, the Firm reserves the right to (a) suspend delivery of RSU Shares, (b) deliver any RSU Shares into an escrow account in accordance with Paragraph 11(f)(v) or (c) apply Transfer Restrictions to any RSU Shares in connection with any investigation of whether any of the events that result in forfeiture under the Plan or this Paragraph 8 have occurred. Paragraph 10 (relating to certain circumstances under which delivery may be accelerated) provides for exceptions to one or more provisions of this Paragraph 8. The Code Staff Forfeiture and Repayment Appendix supplements this Paragraph 8 and sets forth additional events that result in forfeiture of up to all of your Short-Term RSUs and may require repayment to the Firm as described in Paragraph 9 and the Appendix.

(a) Short-Term RSUs Forfeited Upon Certain Events. If any of the following occurs, your rights to all of your Outstanding Short-Term RSUs will terminate, and no RSU Shares will be delivered in respect of such RSUs, as may be further described below:

(i) You Failed to Consider Risk. You Failed to Consider Risk during the Firm’s              fiscal year.

(ii) Your Conduct Constitutes Cause. Any event that constitutes Cause (including, for the avoidance of doubt, “Serious Misconduct” as defined in the Code Staff Forfeiture and Repayment Appendix) has occurred before the Delivery Date.

(iii) You Do Not Meet Your Obligations to the Firm. The Committee determines that, before the Delivery Date, you failed to meet, in any respect, any obligation under any agreement with the Firm, or any agreement entered into in connection with your Employment or this Award, including the Firm’s notice period requirement applicable to you, any offer letter, employment agreement or any shareholders’ agreement relating to the Firm. Your failure to pay or reimburse the Firm, on demand, for any amount you owe to the Firm will constitute (A) failure to meet an obligation you have under an agreement, regardless of whether such obligation arises under a written agreement, and/or (B) a material violation of Firm policy constituting Cause.

(iv) You Do Not Provide Timely Certifications or Comply with Your Certifications. You fail to certify to GS Inc. that you have complied with all of the terms of the Plan and this Award Agreement, or the Committee determines that you have failed to comply with a term of the Plan or this Award Agreement to which you have certified compliance.

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(v) You Do Not Follow Dispute Resolution/Arbitration Procedures. You attempt to have any dispute under the Plan or this Award Agreement resolved in any manner that is not provided for by Paragraph 14 or Section 3.17 of the Plan.

(vi) You Bring an Action that Results in a Determination that Any Award Agreement Term Is Invalid. As a result of any action brought by you, it is determined that any term of this Award Agreement is invalid.

(vii) You Receive Compensation in Respect of Your Award from Another Employer. Your Employment terminates for any reason or you otherwise are no longer actively employed with the Firm and another entity grants you cash, equity or other property (whether vested or unvested) to replace, substitute for or otherwise in respect of any Outstanding Short-Term RSUs; provided, however, that your rights will only be terminated in respect of the Short-Term RSUs that are replaced, substituted for or otherwise considered by such other entity in making its grant.

REPAYMENT OF YOUR AWARD

9. When You May Be Required to Repay Your Award. If the Committee determines that any term of this Award was not satisfied, you will be required, immediately upon demand therefor, to repay to the Firm the following:

(a) Any RSU Shares for which the terms (including the terms for delivery) of the related Short-Term RSUs were not satisfied, in accordance with Section 2.6.3 of the Plan.

(b) Any payments under Dividend Equivalent Rights for which the terms were not satisfied (including any such payments made in respect of Short-Term RSUs that are forfeited or RSU Shares that are cancelled or required to be repaid), in accordance with Section 2.8.4 of the Plan.

(c) Any dividends paid in respect of any RSU Shares that are cancelled or required to be repaid.

(d) Any amount applied to satisfy tax withholding or other obligations with respect to any Short-Term RSU, RSU Shares, dividend payments and payments under Dividend Equivalent Rights that are forfeited or required to be repaid.

EXCEPTIONS TO THE DELIVERY DATE

10. Accelerated Delivery in the Event of a Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control, Conflicted Employment or Death. In the event of your Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control, Conflicted Employment or death, each as described below, your Outstanding Award will be treated as described in this Paragraph 10, and, except as set forth in Paragraph 10(a), all other terms of this Award Agreement, including the other forfeiture and repayment events in Paragraphs 8 and 9, continue to apply.

(a) You Have a Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control. If your Employment terminates when you meet the requirements of a Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control, the RSU Shares underlying your Outstanding Short-Term RSUs will be delivered. In addition, the forfeiture events in Paragraph 8 will not apply to your Award.

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(b) You Are Determined to Have Accepted Conflicted Employment.

(i) Generally. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Plan or otherwise, for purposes of this Award Agreement, “Conflicted Employment” means your employment at any U.S. Federal, state or local government, any non-U.S. government, any supranational or international organization, any self-regulatory organization, or any agency or instrumentality of any such government or organization, or any other employer (other than an “Accounting Firm” within the meaning of SEC Rule 2-01(f)(2) of Regulation S-X or any successor thereto) determined by the Committee, if, as a result of such employment, your continued holding of any Outstanding Award would result in an actual or perceived conflict of interest. If your Employment terminates solely because you resign to accept Conflicted Employment or if, following your termination of Employment, you notify the Firm that you are accepting Conflicted Employment, RSU Shares will be delivered in respect of your Outstanding Short-Term RSUs (including in the form of cash as described in Paragraph 11(b)) as soon as practicable after the Committee has received satisfactory documentation relating to your Conflicted Employment.

(ii) You May Have to Take Other Steps to Address Conflicts of Interest. The Committee retains the authority to exercise its rights under the Award Agreement or the Plan (including Section 1.3.2 of the Plan) to take or require you to take other steps it determines in its sole discretion to be necessary or appropriate to cure an actual or perceived conflict of interest (which may include a determination that the accelerated delivery described in Paragraph 10(b)(i) will not apply because such actions are not necessary or appropriate to cure an actual or perceived conflict of interest).

(c) Death. If you die, the RSU Shares underlying your Outstanding Short-Term RSUs will be delivered to the representative of your estate as soon as practicable after the date of death and after such documentation as may be requested by the Committee is provided to the Committee.

OTHER TERMS, CONDITIONS AND AGREEMENTS

11. Additional Terms, Conditions and Agreements.

(a) You Must Satisfy Applicable Tax Withholding Requirements. Delivery of RSU Shares is conditioned on your satisfaction of any applicable withholding taxes in accordance with Section 3.2 of the Plan, which includes the Firm deducting or withholding amounts from any payment or distribution to you (which, notwithstanding Section 3.2.2 of the Plan, may exceed the statutory minimum rate if and to the extent determined by the Committee or the SIP Committee). In addition, to the extent permitted by applicable law, the Firm, in its sole discretion, may require you to provide amounts equal to all or a portion of any Federal, state, local, foreign or other tax obligations imposed on you or the Firm in connection with the grant or delivery of this Award by requiring you to choose between remitting the amount (i) in cash (or through payroll deduction or otherwise) or (ii) in the form of proceeds from the Firm’s executing a sale of RSU Shares delivered to you under this Award. In addition, if you are an individual with separate employment contracts (at any time during and/or after the Firm’s              fiscal year), the Firm, in its sole discretion, may require you to provide for a reserve in an amount the Firm determines is advisable or necessary in connection with any actual, anticipated or potential tax consequences related to your separate employment contracts by requiring you to choose between remitting such amount (i) in cash (or through payroll deduction or otherwise) or (ii) in the form of proceeds from the Firm’s executing a sale of shares of Common Stock delivered to you pursuant to this Award

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(or any other Outstanding awards granted under the Plan or any predecessor or successor plan thereto). In no event, however, does this Paragraph 11(a) give you any discretion to determine or affect the timing of the delivery of RSU Shares or the timing of payment of tax obligations.

(b) Firm May Deliver Cash or Other Property Instead of RSU Shares. In accordance with Section 1.3.2(i) of the Plan, in the sole discretion of the Committee, in lieu of all or any portion of the RSU Shares, the Firm may deliver cash, other securities, other awards under the Plan or other property, and all references in this Award Agreement to deliveries of RSU Shares will include such deliveries of cash, other securities, other awards under the Plan or other property.

(c) Amounts May Be Rounded to Avoid Fractional Shares. RSU Shares that become deliverable on a Delivery Date may, in each case, be rounded to avoid fractional Shares.

(d) You May Be Required to Become a Party to the Shareholders’ Agreement. Your rights to your Short-Term RSUs are conditioned on your becoming a party to any shareholders’ agreement to which other similarly situated employees (e.g., employees with a similar title or position) of the Firm are required to be a party. If you are a party to the Amended and Restated Shareholders’ Agreement, RSU Shares will be subject to the Amended and Restated Shareholders’ Agreement, but RSU Shares delivered in respect of Short-Term RSUs will not be “Covered Shares” for purposes of Section 2.1(a) thereof.

(e) Firm May Affix Legends and Place Stop Orders on Restricted RSU Shares. GS Inc. may affix to Certificates representing RSU Shares any legend that the Committee determines to be necessary or advisable (including to reflect any restrictions to which you may be subject under a separate agreement). GS Inc. may advise the transfer agent to place a stop order against any legended RSU Shares.

(f) You Agree to Certain Consents, Terms and Conditions. By accepting this Award you understand and agree that:

(i) You Agree to Certain Consents as a Condition to the Award. You have expressly consented to all of the items listed in Section 3.3.3(d) of the Plan, including the Firm’s supplying to any third-party recordkeeper of the Plan or other person such personal information of yours as the Committee deems advisable to administer the Plan, and you agree to provide any additional consents that the Committee determines to be necessary or advisable;

(ii) You Are Subject to the Firm’s Policies, Rules and Procedures. You are subject to the Firm’s policies in effect from time to time concerning trading in RSU Shares and hedging or pledging RSU Shares and equity-based compensation or other awards (including, without limitation, the Firm’s “Policies with Respect to Personal Transactions Involving GS Securities and GS Equity Awards” or any successor policies), and confidential or proprietary information, and you will effect sales of RSU Shares in accordance with such rules and procedures as may be adopted from time to time (which may include, without limitation, restrictions relating to the timing of sale requests, the manner in which sales are executed, pricing method, consolidation or aggregation of orders and volume limits determined by the Firm);

(iii) You Are Responsible for Costs Associated with Your Award. You will be responsible for all brokerage costs and other fees or expenses associated with your Short-Term RSUs, including those related to the sale of RSU Shares;

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(iv) You Will Be Deemed to Represent Your Compliance with All the Terms of Your Award if You Accept Delivery of, or Sell, RSU Shares. You will be deemed to have represented and certified that you have complied with all of the terms of the Plan and this Award Agreement when RSU Shares are delivered to you, and you receive payment in respect of Dividend Equivalent Rights;

(v) Firm May Deliver Your Award into an Escrow Account. The Firm may establish and maintain an escrow account on such terms (which may include your executing any documents related to, and your paying for any costs associated with, such account) as it may deem necessary or appropriate, and the delivery of RSU Shares or the payment of cash or other property may initially be made into and held in that escrow account until such time as the Committee has received such documentation as it may have requested or until the Committee has determined that any other conditions or restrictions on delivery of RSU Shares, cash or other property required by this Award Agreement have been satisfied;

(vi) You May Be Required to Certify Compliance with Award Terms; You Are Responsible for Providing the Firm with Updated Address and Contact Information After Your Departure from the Firm. If your Employment terminates while you continue to hold Short-Term RSUs, from time to time, you may be required to provide certifications of your compliance with all of the terms of the Plan and this Award Agreement as described in Paragraph 8(a)(iv). You understand and agree that (A) your address on file with the Firm at the time any certification is required will be deemed to be your current address, (B) it is your responsibility to inform the Firm of any changes to your address to ensure timely receipt of the certification materials, (C) you are responsible for contacting the Firm to obtain such certification materials if not received and (D) your failure to return properly completed certification materials by the specified deadline (which includes your failure to timely return the completed certification because you did not provide the Firm with updated contact information) will result in the forfeiture of all of your Short-Term RSUs and subject previously delivered amounts to repayment under Paragraph 8(a)(iv);

(vii) You Must Comply with Applicable Deadlines and Procedures to Appeal Determinations Made by the Committee, the SIP Committee or SIP Administrators. In order to appeal a determination by the Committee, the SIP Committee, the SIP Administrators, or any of their delegates or designees, you must submit a written request for the appeal within 180 days after receipt of any such determination. You must exhaust all administrative remedies before seeking to resolve a dispute through arbitration pursuant to Paragraph 14 and Section 3.17 of the Plan; and

(viii) You Agree that Covered Persons Will Not Have Liability. In addition to and without limiting the generality of the provisions of Section 1.3.5 of the Plan, neither the Firm nor any Covered Person will have any liability to you or any other person for any action taken or omitted in respect of this or any other Award.

12. Non-transferability. Except as otherwise may be provided in this Paragraph 12 or as otherwise may be provided by the Committee, the limitations on transferability set forth in Section 3.5 of the Plan will apply to this Award. Any purported transfer or assignment in violation of the provisions of this Paragraph 12 or Section 3.5 of the Plan will be void. The Committee may adopt procedures pursuant to which some or all recipients of Short-Term RSUs may transfer some or all of their Short-Term RSUs through a gift for no consideration to any immediate family member, a trust or other estate planning vehicle approved by the Committee or SIP Committee in which the recipient and/or the recipient’s immediate family members in the aggregate have 100% of the beneficial interest.

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13. Right of Offset. Except as provided in Paragraph 16(h), the obligation to deliver RSU Shares or to make payments under Dividend Equivalent Rights under this Award Agreement is subject to Section 3.4 of the Plan, which provides for the Firm’s right to offset against such obligation any outstanding amounts you owe to the Firm and any amounts the Committee deems appropriate pursuant to any tax equalization policy or agreement.

ARBITRATION, CHOICE OF FORUM AND GOVERNING LAW

14. Arbitration; Choice of Forum.

(a) BY ACCEPTING THIS AWARD, YOU ARE INDICATING THAT YOU UNDERSTAND AND AGREE THAT THE ARBITRATION AND CHOICE OF FORUM PROVISIONS SET FORTH IN SECTION 3.17 OF THE PLAN WILL APPLY TO THIS AWARD. THESE PROVISIONS, WHICH ARE EXPRESSLY INCORPORATED HEREIN BY REFERENCE, PROVIDE AMONG OTHER THINGS THAT ANY DISPUTE, CONTROVERSY OR CLAIM BETWEEN THE FIRM AND YOU ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO OR CONCERNING THE PLAN OR THIS AWARD AGREEMENT WILL BE FINALLY SETTLED BY ARBITRATION IN NEW YORK CITY, PURSUANT TO THE TERMS MORE FULLY SET FORTH IN SECTION 3.17 OF THE PLAN; PROVIDED THAT NOTHING HEREIN SHALL PRECLUDE YOU FROM FILING A CHARGE WITH OR PARTICIPATING IN ANY INVESTIGATION OR PROCEEDING CONDUCTED BY ANY GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE SEC AND THE EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION.

(b) To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, no arbitrator will have the authority to consider class, collective or representative claims, to order consolidation or to join different claimants or grant relief other than on an individual basis to the individual claimant involved.

(c) Notwithstanding any applicable forum rules to the contrary, to the extent there is a question of enforceability of this Award Agreement arising from a challenge to the arbitrator’s jurisdiction or to the arbitrability of a claim, it will be decided by a court and not an arbitrator.

(d) All references to the New York Stock Exchange in Section 3.17 of the Plan will be read as references to the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.

(e) The Federal Arbitration Act governs interpretation and enforcement of all arbitration provisions under the Plan and this Award Agreement, and all arbitration proceedings thereunder.

(f) Nothing in this Award Agreement creates a substantive right to bring a claim under U.S. Federal, state, or local employment laws.

15. Governing Law. THIS AWARD WILL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, WITHOUT REGARD TO PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICT OF LAWS.

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CERTAIN TAX PROVISIONS

16. Compliance of Award Agreement and Plan with Section 409A. The provisions of this Paragraph 16 apply to you only if you are a U.S. taxpayer.

(a) This Award Agreement and the Plan provisions that apply to this Award are intended and will be construed to comply with Section 409A (including the requirements applicable to, or the conditions for exemption from treatment as, 409A Deferred Compensation), whether by reason of short-term deferral treatment or other exceptions or provisions. The Committee will have full authority to give effect to this intent. To the extent necessary to give effect to this intent, in the case of any conflict or potential inconsistency between the provisions of the Plan (including Sections 1.3.2 and 2.1 thereof) and this Award Agreement, the provisions of this Award Agreement will govern, and in the case of any conflict or potential inconsistency between this Paragraph 16 and the other provisions of this Award Agreement, this Paragraph 16 will govern.

(b) Delivery of RSU Shares will not be delayed beyond the date on which all applicable conditions or restrictions on delivery of RSU Shares required by this Agreement (including those specified in Paragraphs 6, 10(c) and 11 and the consents and other items specified in Section 3.3 of the Plan) are satisfied. To the extent that any portion of this Award is intended to satisfy the requirements for short-term deferral treatment under Section 409A, delivery for such portion will occur by the March 15 coinciding with the last day of the applicable “short-term deferral” period described in Reg. 1.409A-1(b)(4) in order for the delivery of RSU Shares to be within the short-term deferral exception unless, in order to permit all applicable conditions or restrictions on delivery to be satisfied, the Committee elects, pursuant to Reg. 1.409A-1(b)(4)(i)(D) or otherwise as may be permitted in accordance with Section 409A, to delay delivery of RSU Shares to a later date within the same calendar year or to such later date as may be permitted under Section 409A, including Reg. 1.409A-2(b)(7) (in conjunction with Section 3.21.3 of the Plan pertaining to Code Section 162(m)) and Reg. 1.409A-3(d). For the avoidance of doubt, if the Award includes a “series of installment payments” as described in Reg. 1.409A-2(b)(2)(iii), your right to the series of installment payments will be treated as a right to a series of separate payments and not as a right to a single payment.

(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of Paragraph 11(b) and Section 1.3.2(i) of the Plan, to the extent necessary to comply with Section 409A, any securities, other Awards or other property that the Firm may deliver in respect of your Short-Term RSUs will not have the effect of deferring delivery or payment, income inclusion, or a substantial risk of forfeiture, beyond the date on which such delivery, payment or inclusion would occur or such risk of forfeiture would lapse, with respect to the RSU Shares that would otherwise have been deliverable (unless the Committee elects a later date for this purpose pursuant to Reg. 1.409A-1(b)(4)(i)(D) or otherwise as may be permitted under Section 409A, including and to the extent applicable, the subsequent election provisions of Section 409A(a)(4)(C) of the Code and Reg. 1.409A-2(b)).

(d) Notwithstanding the timing provisions of Paragraph 10(c), the delivery of RSU Shares referred to therein will be made after the date of death and during the calendar year that includes the date of death (or on such later date as may be permitted under Section 409A).

(e) The timing of delivery or payment pursuant to Paragraph 10(a) will occur on the earlier of (i) the Delivery Date or (ii) a date that is within the calendar year in which the termination of Employment occurs; provided, however, that, if you are a “specified employee” (as defined by the Firm in accordance with Section 409A(a)(2)(i)(B) of the Code), delivery will occur on the earlier of the Delivery Date or (to the extent required to avoid the imposition of additional tax under Section 409A) the date that is six months after your termination of Employment (or, if the latter date is not during a Window Period, the first trading day of the next Window Period). For purposes of Paragraph 10(a), references in this Award Agreement to termination of Employment mean a termination of Employment from the Firm (as defined by the Firm) which is also a separation from service (as defined by the Firm in accordance with Section 409A).

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(f) Notwithstanding any provision of Paragraph 7 or Section 2.8.2 of the Plan to the contrary, the Dividend Equivalent Rights with respect to each of your Outstanding Short-Term RSUs will be paid to you within the calendar year that includes the date of distribution of any corresponding regular cash dividends paid by GS Inc. in respect of a share of Common Stock the record date for which occurs on or after the Date of Grant. The payment will be in an amount (less applicable withholding) equal to such regular dividend payment as would have been made in respect of the RSU Shares underlying such Outstanding Short-Term RSUs.

(g) The timing of delivery or payment referred to in Paragraph 10(b)(i) will be the earlier of (i) the Delivery Date or (ii) a date that is within the calendar year in which the Committee receives satisfactory documentation relating to your Conflicted Employment, provided that such delivery or payment will be made, and any Committee action referred to in Paragraph 10(b)(ii) will be taken, only at such time as, and if and to the extent that it, as reasonably determined by the Firm, would not result in the imposition of any additional tax to you under Section 409A.

(h) Paragraph 13 and Section 3.4 of the Plan will not apply to Awards that are 409A Deferred Compensation except to the extent permitted under Section 409A.

(i) Delivery of RSU Shares in respect of any Award may be made, if and to the extent elected by the Committee, later than the Delivery Date or other date or period specified hereinabove (but, in the case of any Award that constitutes 409A Deferred Compensation, only to the extent that the later delivery is permitted under Section 409A).

(j) You understand and agree that you are solely responsible for the payment of any taxes and penalties due pursuant to Section 409A, but in no event will you be permitted to designate, directly or indirectly, the taxable year of the delivery.

17. Compliance of Award Agreement and Plan with Section 162(m). If you are or become considered by GS Inc. to be one of its “covered employees” within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code, then you will be subject to Section 3.21.3 of the Plan, as a result of which delivery of your RSU Shares may be delayed.

COMMITTEE AUTHORITY, AMENDMENT AND CONSTRUCTION

18. Committee Authority. The Committee has the authority to determine, in its sole discretion, that any event triggering forfeiture or repayment of your Award will not apply and to limit the forfeitures and repayments that result under Paragraphs 8 and 9.

19. Amendment. The Committee reserves the right at any time to amend the terms of this Award Agreement, and the Board may amend the Plan in any respect; provided that, notwithstanding the foregoing and Sections 1.3.2(f), 1.3.2(h) and 3.1 of the Plan, no such amendment will materially adversely affect your rights and obligations under this Award Agreement without your consent; and provided further that the Committee expressly reserves its rights to amend the Award Agreement and the Plan as described in Sections 1.3.2(h)(1), (2) and (4) of the Plan. A modification that impacts the tax consequences of this Award or the timing of delivery of RSU Shares will not be an amendment that materially adversely affects your rights and obligations under this Award Agreement. Any amendment of this Award Agreement will be in writing.

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20. Construction, Headings. Unless the context requires otherwise, (a) words describing the singular number include the plural and vice versa, (b) words denoting any gender include all genders and (c) the words “include,” “includes” and “including” will be deemed to be followed by the words “without limitation.” The headings in this Award Agreement are for the purpose of convenience only and are not intended to define or limit the construction of the provisions hereof. References in this Award Agreement to any specific Plan provision will not be construed as limiting the applicability of any other Plan provision.

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, GS Inc. has caused this Award Agreement to be duly executed and delivered as of the Date of Grant.

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.

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CODE STAFF FORFEITURE AND REPAYMENT APPENDIX

This Code Staff Appendix supplements Paragraph 8 and sets forth additional events that result in forfeiture of up to all of your Short-Term RSUs and may require repayment to the Firm of up to all other amounts previously delivered or paid to you under your Award in accordance with Paragraph 9. As with the events described in Paragraph 8, more than one event may apply, in no case will the occurrence of one event limit the forfeiture and repayment obligations as a result of the occurrence of any other event and the Firm reserves the right to (a) suspend delivery of RSU Shares, (b) deliver any RSU Shares into an escrow account in accordance with Paragraph 11(f)(v) or (c) apply Transfer Restrictions to any RSU Shares in connection with any investigation of whether any of the events that result in forfeiture under this Code Staff Appendix have occurred.

With respect to the events described in Paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Appendix, the Committee will consider certain factors to determine whether and what portion of your Award will terminate, including the reason for the “Risk Event” (as defined below) and the extent to which: (1) you participated in the Risk Event, (2) your compensation for the Firm’s              fiscal year may or may not have been adjusted to take into account the risk associated with the Risk Event or your “Serious Misconduct” (as defined below) and (3) your compensation may be adjusted for the year in which the Risk Event or your Serious Misconduct is discovered.

(a) A Risk Event Occurs Prior to                 . If a Risk Event occurs prior to                 , (i) your rights in respect of all or a portion of your Short-Term RSUs will terminate and no RSU Shares will be delivered in respect of such Short-Term RSUs and (ii) you will be obligated immediately upon demand therefor to pay the Firm an amount not in excess of the greater of the Fair Market Value of the RSU Shares (plus any dividend payments and payments under Dividend Equivalent Rights) delivered in respect of the Award (without reduction for any amount applied to satisfy tax withholding or other obligations) determined as of (A) the date the Risk Event occurred and (B) the date that the repayment request is made.

(i) A “Risk Event” means there occurs a loss of 5% or more of firmwide total capital from a reportable operational risk event determined in accordance with the firmwide Reporting Operational Risk Events Policy.

(b) You Engage in Serious Misconduct Prior to                 . If you engage in Serious Misconduct during the period beginning on the Delivery Date through                 , you will be obligated immediately upon demand therefor to pay the Firm an amount not in excess of the greater of the Fair Market Value of the RSU Shares (plus any dividend payments and payments under Dividend Equivalent Rights) delivered in respect of the Award (without reduction for any amount applied to satisfy tax withholding or other obligations) determined as of (i) the date the Serious Misconduct occurred and (ii) the date that the repayment request is made.

(i) “Serious Misconduct” means that you engage in conduct that the Firm reasonably considers, in its sole discretion, to be misconduct sufficient to justify summary termination of employment under English law.

Notwithstanding any provision in the Plan, this Award Agreement or any other agreement or arrangement you may have with the Firm, the parties agree that to the extent that there is any dispute arising out of or relating to the payment required by Paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Appendix (including your refusal to remit payment) the parties will submit to arbitration in accordance with Paragraph 14 of this Award Agreement and Section 3.17 of the Plan as the sole means of resolution of such dispute (including the recovery by the Firm of the payment amount).

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DEFINITIONS APPENDIX

The following capitalized terms are used in this Award Agreement with the following meanings:

(a) “409A Deferred Compensation” means a “deferral of compensation” or “deferred compensation” as those terms are defined in the regulations under Section 409A.

(b) “Conflicted Employment” means your employment at any U.S. Federal, state or local government, any non-U.S. government, any supranational or international organization, any self-regulatory organization, or any agency or instrumentality of any such government or organization, or any other employer (other than an “Accounting Firm” within the meaning of SEC Rule 2-01(f)(2) of Regulation S-X or any successor thereto) determined by the Committee, if, as a result of such employment, your continued holding of any Outstanding Award would result in an actual or perceived conflict of interest.

(c) “Failed to Consider Risk” means that you participated in the structuring or marketing of any product or service, or participated on behalf of the Firm or any of its clients in the purchase or sale of any security or other property, in any case without appropriate consideration of the risk to the Firm or the broader financial system as a whole (for example, where you have improperly analyzed such risk or where you have failed sufficiently to raise concerns about such risk) and, as a result of such action or omission, the Committee determines there has been, or reasonably could be expected to be, a material adverse impact on the Firm, your business unit or the broader financial system.

(d) “Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control” means that the Firm terminates your Employment other than for Cause or you terminate your Employment for Good Reason, in each case, within 18 months following a Change in Control.

(e) “SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

The following capitalized terms are used in this Award Agreement with the meanings that are assigned to them in the Plan.

(a) “Account” means any brokerage account, custody account or similar account, as approved or required by GS Inc. from time to time, into which shares of Common Stock, cash or other property in respect of an Award are delivered.

(b) “Award Agreement” means the written document or documents by which each Award is evidenced, including any Award Statement.

(c) “Award Statement” means a written statement that reflects certain Award terms.

(d) “Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in New York City are authorized or obligated by Federal law or executive order to be closed.

(e) “Cause” means (i) the Grantee’s conviction, whether following trial or by plea of guilty or nolo contendere (or similar plea), in a criminal proceeding (A) on a misdemeanor charge involving fraud, false statements or misleading omissions, wrongful taking, embezzlement, bribery, forgery, counterfeiting or extortion, or (B) on a felony charge, or (C) on an equivalent charge to those in clauses (A) and (B) in jurisdictions which do not use those designations, (ii) the Grantee’s engaging in any conduct which constitutes an employment disqualification under applicable law (including statutory

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disqualification as defined under the Exchange Act), (iii) the Grantee’s willful failure to perform the Grantee’s duties to the Firm, (iv) the Grantee’s violation of any securities or commodities laws, any rules or regulations issued pursuant to such laws, or the rules and regulations of any securities or commodities exchange or association of which the Firm is a member, (v) the Grantee’s violation of any Firm policy concerning hedging or pledging or confidential or proprietary information, or the Grantee’s material violation of any other Firm policy as in effect from time to time, (vi) the Grantee’s engaging in any act or making any statement which impairs, impugns, denigrates, disparages or negatively reflects upon the name, reputation or business interests of the Firm or (vii) the Grantee’s engaging in any conduct detrimental to the Firm. The determination as to whether Cause has occurred shall be made by the Committee in its sole discretion and, in such case, the Committee also may, but shall not be required to, specify the date such Cause occurred (including by determining that a prior termination of Employment was for Cause). Any rights the Firm may have hereunder and in any Award Agreement in respect of the events giving rise to Cause shall be in addition to the rights the Firm may have under any other agreement with a Grantee or at law or in equity.

(f) “Change in Control” means the consummation of a merger, consolidation, statutory share exchange or similar form of corporate transaction involving GS Inc. (a “Reorganization”) or sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of GS Inc.’s assets to an entity that is not an affiliate of GS Inc. (a “Sale”), that in each case requires the approval of GS Inc.’s shareholders under the law of GS Inc.’s jurisdiction of organization, whether for such Reorganization or Sale (or the issuance of securities of GS Inc. in such Reorganization or Sale), unless immediately following such Reorganization or Sale, either: (i) at least 50% of the total voting power (in respect of the election of directors, or similar officials in the case of an entity other than a corporation) of (A) the entity resulting from such Reorganization, or the entity which has acquired all or substantially all of the assets of GS Inc. in a Sale (in either case, the “Surviving Entity”), or (B) if applicable, the ultimate parent entity that directly or indirectly has beneficial ownership (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act, as such Rule is in effect on the date of the adoption of the 1999 SIP) of 50% or more of the total voting power (in respect of the election of directors, or similar officials in the case of an entity other than a corporation) of the Surviving Entity (the “Parent Entity”) is represented by GS Inc.’s securities (the “GS Inc. Securities”) that were outstanding immediately prior to such Reorganization or Sale (or, if applicable, is represented by shares into which such GS Inc. Securities were converted pursuant to such Reorganization or Sale) or (ii) at least 50% of the members of the board of directors (or similar officials in the case of an entity other than a corporation) of the Parent Entity (or, if there is no Parent Entity, the Surviving Entity) following the consummation of the Reorganization or Sale were, at the time of the Board’s approval of the execution of the initial agreement providing for such Reorganization or Sale, individuals (the “Incumbent Directors”) who either (A) were members of the Board on the Effective Date or (B) became directors subsequent to the Effective Date and whose election or nomination for election was approved by a vote of at least two-thirds of the Incumbent Directors then on the Board (either by a specific vote or by approval of GS Inc.’s proxy statement in which such persons are named as nominees for director).

(g) “Client” means any client or prospective client of the Firm to whom the Grantee provided services, or for whom the Grantee transacted business, or whose identity became known to the Grantee in connection with the Grantee’s relationship with or employment by the Firm.

(h) “Committee” means the committee appointed by the Board to administer the Plan pursuant to Section 1.3, and, to the extent the Board determines it is appropriate for the compensation realized from Awards under the Plan to be considered “performance based” compensation under Section 162(m) of the Code, shall be a committee or subcommittee of the Board composed of two or more members, each of whom is an “outside director” within the meaning of Code Section 162(m), and which, to the extent the Board determines it is appropriate for Awards under the Plan to qualify for the exemption available under Rule 16b-3(d)(1) or Rule 16b-3(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act, shall

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be a committee or subcommittee of the Board composed of two or more members, each of whom is a “non-employee director” within the meaning of Rule 16b-3. Unless otherwise determined by the Board, the Committee shall be the Compensation Committee of the Board.

(i) “Common Stock” means common stock of GS Inc., par value $0.01 per share.

(j) “Covered Person” means a member of the Board or the Committee or any employee of the Firm.

(k) “Date of Grant” means the date specified in the Grantee’s Award Agreement as the date of grant of the Award.

(l) “Delivery Date” means each date specified in the Grantee’s Award Agreement as a delivery date, provided, unless the Committee determines otherwise, such date is during a Window Period or, if such date is not during a Window Period, the first trading day of the first Window Period beginning after such date.

(m) “Dividend Equivalent Right” means a dividend equivalent right granted under the Plan, which represents an unfunded and unsecured promise to pay to the Grantee amounts equal to all or any portion of the regular cash dividends that would be paid on shares of Common Stock covered by an Award if such shares had been delivered pursuant to an Award.

(n) “Employment” means the Grantee’s performance of services for the Firm, as determined by the Committee. The terms “employ” and “employed” shall have their correlative meanings. The Committee in its sole discretion may determine (i) whether and when a Grantee’s leave of absence results in a termination of Employment (for this purpose, unless the Committee determines otherwise, a Grantee shall be treated as terminating Employment with the Firm upon the occurrence of an Extended Absence), (ii) whether and when a change in a Grantee’s association with the Firm results in a termination of Employment and (iii) the impact, if any, of any such leave of absence or change in association on Awards theretofore made. Unless expressly provided otherwise, any references in the Plan or any Award Agreement to a Grantee’s Employment being terminated shall include both voluntary and involuntary terminations.

(o) “Firm” means GS Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.

(p) “Good Reason” means, in connection with a termination of employment by a Grantee following a Change in Control, (a) as determined by the Committee, a materially adverse alteration in the Grantee’s position or in the nature or status of the Grantee’s responsibilities from those in effect immediately prior to the Change in Control or (b) the Firm’s requiring the Grantee’s principal place of Employment to be located more than seventy-five (75) miles from the location where the Grantee is principally Employed at the time of the Change in Control (except for required travel on the Firm’s business to an extent substantially consistent with the Grantee’s customary business travel obligations in the ordinary course of business prior to the Change in Control).

(q) “Grantee” means a person who receives an Award.

(r) “GS Inc.” means The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., and any successor thereto.

(s) “Outstanding” means any Award to the extent it has not been forfeited, cancelled, terminated, exercised or with respect to which the shares of Common Stock underlying the Award have not been previously delivered or other payments made.

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(t) “RSU” means a restricted stock unit Award granted under the Plan, which represents an unfunded and unsecured promise to deliver shares of Common Stock in accordance with the terms of the RSU Award Agreement.

(u) “RSU Shares” means shares of Common Stock that underlie an RSU.

(v) “Section 409A” means Section 409A of the Code, including any amendments or successor provisions to that Section and any regulations and other administrative guidance thereunder, in each case as they, from time to time, may be amended or interpreted through further administrative guidance.

(w) “SIP Administrator” means each person designated by the Committee as a “SIP Administrator” with the authority to perform day-to-day administrative functions for the Plan.

(x) “SIP Committee” means the persons who have been delegated certain authority under the Plan by the Committee.

(y) “Solicit” means any direct or indirect communication of any kind whatsoever, regardless of by whom initiated, inviting, advising, encouraging or requesting any person or entity, in any manner, to take or refrain from taking any action.

(z) “Transfer Restrictions” means restrictions that prohibit the sale, exchange, transfer, assignment, pledge, hypothecation, fractionalization, hedge or other disposal (including through the use of any cash-settled instrument), whether voluntarily or involuntarily by the Grantee, of an Award or any shares of Common Stock, cash or other property delivered in respect of an Award.

(aa) “Vested” means, with respect to an Award, the portion of the Award that is not subject to a condition that the Grantee remain actively employed by the Firm in order for the Award to remain Outstanding. The fact that an Award becomes Vested shall not mean or otherwise indicate that the Grantee has an unconditional or nonforfeitable right to such Award, and such Award shall remain subject to such terms, conditions and forfeiture provisions as may be provided for in the Plan or in the Award Agreement.

(bb) “Window Period” means a period designated by the Firm during which all employees of the Firm are permitted to purchase or sell shares of Common Stock (provided that, if the Grantee is a member of a designated group of employees who are subject to different restrictions, the Window Period may be a period designated by the Firm during which an employee of the Firm in such designated group is permitted to purchase or sell shares of Common Stock).

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EX-10.55

EXHIBIT 10.55

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.

             FIXED ALLOWANCE RSU AWARD

This Award Agreement, together with The Goldman Sachs Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (2015) (the “Plan”), governs your              Fixed Allowance award of RSUs (your “Award”). You should read carefully this entire Award Agreement, which includes the Award Statement and any attached Appendix.

ACCEPTANCE

1. You Must Decide Whether to Accept this Award Agreement. To be eligible to receive your Award, you must by the date specified (a) open and activate an Account and (b) agree to all the terms of your Award by executing the related signature card in accordance with its instructions. By executing the signature card, you confirm your agreement to all of the terms of this Award Agreement, including the arbitration and choice of forum provisions in Paragraph 13.

DOCUMENTS THAT GOVERN YOUR AWARD; DEFINITIONS

2. The Plan. Your Award is granted under the Plan, and the Plan’s terms apply to, and are a part of, this Award Agreement.

3. Your Award Statement. The Award Statement delivered to you contains some of your Award’s specific terms. For example, it contains the number of Fixed Allowance RSUs awarded to you and any applicable Delivery Dates and Transferability Dates.

4. Definitions. Capitalized terms are defined in the Definitions Appendix, which also includes terms that are defined in the Plan.

VESTING OF YOUR FIXED ALLOWANCE RSUS

5. Vesting. All of your Fixed Allowance RSUs are Vested. When a Fixed Allowance RSU is Vested, it means that your continued active Employment is not required for delivery of that portion of RSU Shares. The terms of this Award Agreement (including conditions to delivery and any applicable Transfer Restrictions) continue to apply to Vested Fixed Allowance RSUs.

DELIVERY OF YOUR RSU SHARES

6. Delivery. Reasonably promptly (but no more than 30 Business Days) after each Delivery Date listed on your Award Statement, RSU Shares (less applicable withholding as described in Paragraph 10(a)) will be delivered (by book entry credit to your Account) in respect of the amount of Outstanding Fixed Allowance RSUs listed next to that date. The Committee or the SIP Committee may select multiple dates within the 30-Business-Day period following the Delivery Date to deliver RSU Shares in respect of all or a portion of the Fixed Allowance RSUs with the same Delivery Date listed on the Award Statement, and all such dates will be treated as a single Delivery Date for purposes of this Award. Until such delivery, you have only the rights of a general unsecured creditor, and no rights as a shareholder of GS Inc. Without limiting the Committee’s authority under Section 1.3.2(h) of the Plan, the Firm may accelerate any Delivery Date by up to 30 days.

TRANSFER RESTRICTIONS FOLLOWING DELIVERY

7. Transfer Restrictions and Shares at Risk. Fifty percent of the RSU Shares that are delivered on any date, before tax withholding (or, if the applicable tax withholding rate is greater than 50%, all RSU Shares delivered after tax withholding), will be Shares at Risk. This means that if, for example, on a Delivery Date, you are scheduled to receive delivery of 1,000 RSU Shares, and you are subject to a 40% withholding rate, then (a) 400 RSU Shares will be withheld for taxes, (b) 500 RSU Shares delivered to you will be Shares at Risk and (c) 100 RSU Shares delivered to you will not be subject to Transfer Restrictions. Any purported sale, exchange, transfer, assignment, pledge, hypothecation, fractionalization, hedge or other disposition in violation of the Transfer Restrictions on Shares at Risk will be void. Within 30 Business Days after the Transferability Date listed on your Award Statement (or any other date on which the Transfer Restrictions are to be removed), GS Inc. will remove the Transfer Restrictions. The Committee or the SIP Committee may select multiple dates within such 30-Business-Day period on which to remove Transfer Restrictions for all or a portion of the Shares at Risk with the same Transferability Date listed on the Award Statement, and all such dates will be treated as a single Transferability Date for purposes of this Award.

DIVIDENDS

8. Dividend Equivalent Rights and Dividends. Each Fixed Allowance RSU includes a Dividend Equivalent Right, which entitles you to receive an amount (less applicable withholding), at or after the time of distribution of any regular cash dividend paid by GS Inc. in respect of a share of Common Stock, equal to any regular cash dividend payment that would have been made in respect of an RSU Share underlying your Outstanding Fixed Allowance RSUs for any record date that occurs on or after the Date of Grant. In addition, you will be entitled to receive on a current basis any regular cash dividend paid in respect of your Shares at Risk.

EXCEPTIONS TO DELIVERY AND/OR TRANSFERABILITY DATES

9. Accelerated Delivery and/or Release of Transfer Restrictions in the Event of a Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control, Conflicted Employment or Death. In the event of your Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control, Conflicted Employment or death, each as described below, your Outstanding Award will be treated as described in this Paragraph 9.

(a) You Have a Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control. If your Employment terminates when you meet the requirements of a Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control, the RSU Shares underlying your Outstanding Fixed Allowance RSUs will be delivered, and any Transfer Restrictions will cease to apply.

(b) You Are Determined to Have Accepted Conflicted Employment.

(i) Generally. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Plan or otherwise, for purposes of this Award Agreement, “Conflicted Employment” means your employment at any U.S. Federal, state or local government, any non-U.S. government, any supranational or international organization, any self-regulatory organization, or any agency or instrumentality of any such government or organization, or any other employer (other than an “Accounting Firm” within the meaning of SEC Rule 2-01(f)(2) of Regulation S-X or any successor thereto) determined by the Committee, if, as a result of such employment, your continued holding of any Outstanding Award would result in an actual or perceived conflict of interest. If your Employment terminates solely because you resign to accept Conflicted Employment or if, following your termination of Employment, you notify the Firm that you are

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accepting Conflicted Employment, RSU Shares will be delivered in respect of your Outstanding Fixed Allowance RSUs (including in the form of cash as described in Paragraph 10(b)) and any Transfer Restrictions will cease to apply as soon as practicable after the Committee has received satisfactory documentation relating to your Conflicted Employment.

(ii) You May Have to Take Other Steps to Address Conflicts of Interest. The Committee retains the authority to exercise its rights under the Award Agreement or the Plan (including Section 1.3.2 of the Plan) to take or require you to take other steps it determines in its sole discretion to be necessary or appropriate to cure an actual or perceived conflict of interest (which may include a determination that the accelerated delivery and/or release of Transfer Restrictions described in Paragraph 9(b)(i) will not apply because such actions are not necessary or appropriate to cure an actual or perceived conflict of interest).

(c) Death. If you die, the RSU Shares underlying your Outstanding Fixed Allowance RSUs will be delivered to the representative of your estate and any Transfer Restrictions will cease to apply as soon as practicable after the date of death and after such documentation as may be requested by the Committee is provided to the Committee.

OTHER TERMS, CONDITIONS AND AGREEMENTS

10. Additional Terms, Conditions and Agreements.

(a) You Must Satisfy Applicable Tax Withholding Requirements. Delivery of RSU Shares is conditioned on your satisfaction of any applicable withholding taxes in accordance with Section 3.2 of the Plan, which includes the Firm deducting or withholding amounts from any payment or distribution to you (which, notwithstanding anything in Section 3.2.2 of the Plan, may exceed the statutory minimum rate if and to the extent determined by the Committee or the SIP Committee). In addition, to the extent permitted by applicable law, the Firm, in its sole discretion, may require you to provide amounts equal to all or a portion of any Federal, state, local, foreign or other tax obligations imposed on you or the Firm in connection with the grant or delivery of this Award by requiring you to choose between remitting the amount (i) in cash (or through payroll deduction or otherwise) or (ii) in the form of proceeds from the Firm’s executing a sale of RSU Shares delivered to you under this Award. In addition, if you are an individual with separate employment contracts (at any time during and/or after the Firm’s              fiscal year), the Firm, in its sole discretion, may require you to provide for a reserve in an amount the Firm determines is advisable or necessary in connection with any actual, anticipated or potential tax consequences related to your separate employment contracts by requiring you to choose between remitting such amount (i) in cash (or through payroll deduction or otherwise) or (ii) in the form of proceeds from the Firm’s executing a sale of shares of Common Stock delivered to you pursuant to this Award (or any other Outstanding awards granted under the Plan or any predecessor or successor plan thereto). In no event, however, does this Paragraph 10(a) give you any discretion to determine or affect the timing of the delivery of RSU Shares or the timing of payment of tax obligations.

(b) Firm May Deliver Cash or Other Property Instead of RSU Shares. In accordance with Section 1.3.2(i) of the Plan, in the sole discretion of the Committee, in lieu of all or any portion of the RSU Shares, the Firm may deliver cash, other securities, other awards under the Plan or other property, and all references in this Award Agreement to deliveries of RSU Shares will include such deliveries of cash, other securities, other awards under the Plan or other property.

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(c) Amounts May Be Rounded to Avoid Fractional Shares. RSU Shares that become deliverable on a Delivery Date and RSU Shares subject to Transfer Restrictions may, in each case, be rounded to avoid fractional Shares.

(d) You May Be Required to Become a Party to the Shareholders’ Agreement. Your rights to your Fixed Allowance RSUs are conditioned on your becoming a party to any shareholders’ agreement to which other similarly situated employees (e.g., employees with a similar title or position) of the Firm are required to be a party. If you are a party to the Amended and Restated Shareholders’ Agreement, RSU Shares will be subject to the Amended and Restated Shareholders’ Agreement, but RSU Shares delivered in respect of Fixed Allowance RSUs will not be “Covered Shares” for purposes of Section 2.1(a) thereof.

(e) Firm May Affix Legends and Place Stop Orders on Restricted RSU Shares. GS Inc. may affix to Certificates representing RSU Shares any legend that the Committee determines to be necessary or advisable (including to reflect any restrictions to which you may be subject under a separate agreement). GS Inc. may advise the transfer agent to place a stop order against any legended RSU Shares.

(f) You Agree to Certain Consents, Terms and Conditions. By accepting this Award you understand and agree that:

(i) You Agree to Certain Consents as a Condition to the Award. You have expressly consented to all of the items listed in Section 3.3.3(d) of the Plan, including the Firm’s supplying to any third-party recordkeeper of the Plan or other person such personal information of yours as the Committee deems advisable to administer the Plan, and you agree to provide any additional consents that the Committee determines to be necessary or advisable;

(ii) You Are Subject to the Firm’s Policies, Rules and Procedures. You are subject to the Firm’s policies in effect from time to time concerning trading in RSU Shares and hedging or pledging RSU Shares and equity-based compensation or other awards (including, without limitation, the Firm’s “Policies with Respect to Personal Transactions Involving GS Securities and GS Equity Awards” or any successor policies), and confidential or proprietary information, and you will effect sales of RSU Shares in accordance with such rules and procedures as may be adopted from time to time (which may include, without limitation, restrictions relating to the timing of sale requests, the manner in which sales are executed, pricing method, consolidation or aggregation of orders and volume limits determined by the Firm);

(iii) You Are Responsible for Costs Associated with Your Award. You will be responsible for all brokerage costs and other fees or expenses associated with your Fixed Allowance RSUs, including those related to the sale of RSU Shares;

(iv) You Will Be Deemed to Represent Your Compliance with All the Terms of Your Award if You Accept Delivery of, or Sell, RSU Shares. You will be deemed to have represented and certified that you have complied with all of the terms of the Plan and this Award Agreement when RSU Shares are delivered to you, you receive payment in respect of Dividend Equivalent Rights and you request the sale of RSU Shares following the release of Transfer Restrictions;

(v) Firm May Deliver Your Award into an Escrow Account. The Firm may establish and maintain an escrow account on such terms (which may include your executing any documents related to, and your paying for any costs associated with, such account) as it may

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deem necessary or appropriate, and the delivery of RSU Shares (including Shares at Risk) or the payment of cash or other property may initially be made into and held in that escrow account until such time as the Committee has received such documentation as it may have requested or until the Committee has determined that any other conditions or restrictions on delivery of RSU Shares, cash or other property required by this Award Agreement have been satisfied;

(vi) You Must Comply with Applicable Deadlines and Procedures to Appeal Determinations Made by the Committee, the SIP Committee or SIP Administrators. In order to appeal a determination by the Committee, the SIP Committee, the SIP Administrators, or any of their delegates or designees, you must submit a written request for the appeal within 180 days after receipt of any such determination. You must exhaust all administrative remedies before seeking to resolve a dispute through arbitration pursuant to Paragraph 13 and Section 3.17 of the Plan; and

(vii) You Agree that Covered Persons Will Not Have Liability. In addition to and without limiting the generality of the provisions of Section 1.3.5 of the Plan, neither the Firm nor any Covered Person will have any liability to you or any other person for any action taken or omitted in respect of this or any other Award.

11. Non-transferability. Except as otherwise may be provided in this Paragraph 11 or as otherwise may be provided by the Committee, the limitations on transferability set forth in Section 3.5 of the Plan will apply to this Award. Any purported transfer or assignment in violation of the provisions of this Paragraph 11 or Section 3.5 of the Plan will be void. The Committee may adopt procedures pursuant to which some or all recipients of Fixed Allowance RSUs may transfer some or all of their Fixed Allowance RSUs and/or Shares at Risk (which will continue to be subject to Transfer Restrictions until the Transferability Date) through a gift for no consideration to any immediate family member, a trust or other estate planning vehicle approved by the Committee or SIP Committee in which the recipient and/or the recipient’s immediate family members in the aggregate have 100% of the beneficial interest.

12. Right of Offset. Except as provided in Paragraph 15(h), the obligation to deliver RSU Shares, to pay dividends or payments under Dividend Equivalent Rights or to remove the Transfer Restrictions under this Award Agreement is subject to Section 3.4 of the Plan, which provides for the Firm’s right to offset against such obligation any outstanding amounts you owe to the Firm and any amounts the Committee deems appropriate pursuant to any tax equalization policy or agreement.

ARBITRATION, CHOICE OF FORUM AND GOVERNING LAW

13. Arbitration; Choice of Forum.

(a) BY ACCEPTING THIS AWARD, YOU ARE INDICATING THAT YOU UNDERSTAND AND AGREE THAT THE ARBITRATION AND CHOICE OF FORUM PROVISIONS SET FORTH IN SECTION 3.17 OF THE PLAN WILL APPLY TO THIS AWARD. THESE PROVISIONS, WHICH ARE EXPRESSLY INCORPORATED HEREIN BY REFERENCE, PROVIDE AMONG OTHER THINGS THAT ANY DISPUTE, CONTROVERSY OR CLAIM BETWEEN THE FIRM AND YOU ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO OR CONCERNING THE PLAN OR THIS AWARD AGREEMENT WILL BE FINALLY SETTLED BY ARBITRATION IN NEW YORK CITY, PURSUANT TO THE TERMS MORE FULLY SET FORTH IN SECTION 3.17 OF THE PLAN; PROVIDED THAT NOTHING HEREIN SHALL PRECLUDE YOU FROM FILING A CHARGE WITH OR PARTICIPATING IN ANY INVESTIGATION OR PROCEEDING CONDUCTED BY ANY GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE SEC AND THE EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION.

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(b) To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, no arbitrator will have the authority to consider class, collective or representative claims, to order consolidation or to join different claimants or grant relief other than on an individual basis to the individual claimant involved.

(c) Notwithstanding any applicable forum rules to the contrary, to the extent there is a question of enforceability of this Award Agreement arising from a challenge to the arbitrator’s jurisdiction or to the arbitrability of a claim, it will be decided by a court and not an arbitrator.

(d) All references to the New York Stock Exchange in Section 3.17 of the Plan will be read as references to the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.

(e) The Federal Arbitration Act governs interpretation and enforcement of all arbitration provisions under the Plan and this Award Agreement, and all arbitration proceedings thereunder.

(f) Nothing in this Award Agreement creates a substantive right to bring a claim under U.S. Federal, state, or local employment laws.

14. Governing Law. THIS AWARD WILL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, WITHOUT REGARD TO PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICT OF LAWS.

CERTAIN TAX PROVISIONS

15. Compliance of Award Agreement and Plan with Section 409A. The provisions of this Paragraph 15 apply to you only if you are a U.S. taxpayer.

(a) This Award Agreement and the Plan provisions that apply to this Award are intended and will be construed to comply with Section 409A (including the requirements applicable to, or the conditions for exemption from treatment as, 409A Deferred Compensation), whether by reason of short-term deferral treatment or other exceptions or provisions. The Committee will have full authority to give effect to this intent. To the extent necessary to give effect to this intent, in the case of any conflict or potential inconsistency between the provisions of the Plan (including Sections 1.3.2 and 2.1 thereof) and this Award Agreement, the provisions of this Award Agreement will govern, and in the case of any conflict or potential inconsistency between this Paragraph 15 and the other provisions of this Award Agreement, this Paragraph 15 will govern.

(b) Delivery of RSU Shares will not be delayed beyond the date on which all applicable conditions or restrictions on delivery of RSU Shares required by this Agreement (including those specified in Paragraphs 6, 7, 9(c) and 10 and the consents and other items specified in Section 3.3 of the Plan) are satisfied. To the extent that any portion of this Award is intended to satisfy the requirements for short-term deferral treatment under Section 409A, delivery for such portion will occur by the March 15 coinciding with the last day of the applicable “short-term deferral” period described in Reg. 1.409A-1(b)(4) in order for the delivery of RSU Shares to be within the short-term deferral exception unless, in order to permit all applicable conditions or restrictions on delivery to be satisfied, the Committee elects, pursuant to Reg. 1.409A-1(b)(4)(i)(D) or otherwise as may be permitted in accordance with Section 409A, to delay delivery of RSU Shares to a later date within the same calendar year or to such later date as may be permitted under Section 409A, including Reg. 1.409A-2(b)(7) (in conjunction with

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Section 3.21.3 of the Plan pertaining to Code Section 162(m)) and Reg. 1.409A-3(d). For the avoidance of doubt, if the Award includes a “series of installment payments” as described in Reg. 1.409A-2(b)(2)(iii), your right to the series of installment payments will be treated as a right to a series of separate payments and not as a right to a single payment.

(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of Paragraph 10(b) and Section 1.3.2(i) of the Plan, to the extent necessary to comply with Section 409A, any securities, other Awards or other property that the Firm may deliver in respect of your Fixed Allowance RSUs will not have the effect of deferring delivery or payment, income inclusion, or a substantial risk of forfeiture, beyond the date on which such delivery, payment or inclusion would occur or such risk of forfeiture would lapse, with respect to the RSU Shares that would otherwise have been deliverable (unless the Committee elects a later date for this purpose pursuant to Reg. 1.409A-1(b)(4)(i)(D) or otherwise as may be permitted under Section 409A, including and to the extent applicable, the subsequent election provisions of Section 409A(a)(4)(C) of the Code and Reg. 1.409A-2(b)).

(d) Notwithstanding the timing provisions of Paragraph 9(c), the delivery of RSU Shares referred to therein will be made after the date of death and during the calendar year that includes the date of death (or on such later date as may be permitted under Section 409A).

(e) The timing of delivery or payment pursuant to Paragraph 9(a) will occur on the earlier of (i) the Delivery Date or (ii) a date that is within the calendar year in which the termination of Employment occurs; provided, however, that, if you are a “specified employee” (as defined by the Firm in accordance with Section 409A(a)(2)(i)(B) of the Code), delivery will occur on the earlier of the Delivery Date or (to the extent required to avoid the imposition of additional tax under Section 409A) the date that is six months after your termination of Employment (or, if the latter date is not during a Window Period, the first trading day of the next Window Period). For purposes of Paragraph 9(a), references in this Award Agreement to termination of Employment mean a termination of Employment from the Firm (as defined by the Firm) which is also a separation from service (as defined by the Firm in accordance with Section 409A).

(f) Notwithstanding any provision of Paragraph 8 or Section 2.8.2 of the Plan to the contrary, the Dividend Equivalent Rights with respect to each of your Outstanding Fixed Allowance RSUs will be paid to you within the calendar year that includes the date of distribution of any corresponding regular cash dividends paid by GS Inc. in respect of a share of Common Stock the record date for which occurs on or after the Date of Grant. The payment will be in an amount (less applicable withholding) equal to such regular dividend payment as would have been made in respect of the RSU Shares underlying such Outstanding Fixed Allowance RSUs.

(g) The timing of delivery or payment referred to in Paragraph 9(b)(i) will be the earlier of (i) the Delivery Date or (ii) a date that is within the calendar year in which the Committee receives satisfactory documentation relating to your Conflicted Employment, provided that such delivery or payment will be made, and any Committee action referred to in Paragraph 9(b)(ii) will be taken, only at such time as, and if and to the extent that it, as reasonably determined by the Firm, would not result in the imposition of any additional tax to you under Section 409A.

(h) Paragraph 12 and Section 3.4 of the Plan will not apply to Awards that are 409A Deferred Compensation except to the extent permitted under Section 409A.

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(i) Delivery of RSU Shares in respect of any Award may be made, if and to the extent elected by the Committee, later than the Delivery Date or other date or period specified hereinabove (but, in the case of any Award that constitutes 409A Deferred Compensation, only to the extent that the later delivery is permitted under Section 409A).

(j) You understand and agree that you are solely responsible for the payment of any taxes and penalties due pursuant to Section 409A, but in no event will you be permitted to designate, directly or indirectly, the taxable year of the delivery.

AMENDMENT AND CONSTRUCTION

16. Amendment. The Committee reserves the right at any time to amend the terms of this Award Agreement, and the Board may amend the Plan in any respect; provided that, notwithstanding the foregoing and Sections 1.3.2(f), 1.3.2(h) and 3.1 of the Plan, no such amendment will materially adversely affect your rights and obligations under this Award Agreement without your consent; and provided further that the Committee expressly reserves its rights to amend the Award Agreement and the Plan as described in Sections 1.3.2(h)(1), (2) and (4) of the Plan. A modification that impacts the tax consequences of this Award or the timing of delivery of RSU Shares will not be an amendment that materially adversely affects your rights and obligations under this Award Agreement. Any amendment of this Award Agreement will be in writing.

17. Construction, Headings. Unless the context requires otherwise, (a) words describing the singular number include the plural and vice versa, (b) words denoting any gender include all genders and (c) the words “include,” “includes” and “including” will be deemed to be followed by the words “without limitation.” The headings in this Award Agreement are for the purpose of convenience only and are not intended to define or limit the construction of the provisions hereof. References in this Award Agreement to any specific Plan provision will not be construed as limiting the applicability of any other Plan provision.

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, GS Inc. has caused this Award Agreement to be duly executed and delivered as of the Date of Grant.

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.

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DEFINITIONS APPENDIX

The following capitalized terms are used in this Award Agreement with the following meanings:

(a) “409A Deferred Compensation” means a “deferral of compensation” or “deferred compensation” as those terms are defined in the regulations under Section 409A.

(b) “Conflicted Employment” means your employment at any U.S. Federal, state or local government, any non-U.S. government, any supranational or international organization, any self-regulatory organization, or any agency or instrumentality of any such government or organization, or any other employer (other than an “Accounting Firm” within the meaning of SEC Rule 2-01(f)(2) of Regulation S-X or any successor thereto) determined by the Committee, if, as a result of such employment, your continued holding of any Outstanding Award would result in an actual or perceived conflict of interest.

(c) “Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control” means that the Firm terminates your Employment other than for Cause or you terminate your Employment for Good Reason, in each case, within 18 months following a Change in Control.

(d) “SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

(e) “Shares at Risk” means RSU Shares subject to Transfer Restrictions.

The following capitalized terms are used in this Award Agreement with the meanings that are assigned to them in the Plan.

(a) “Account” means any brokerage account, custody account or similar account, as approved or required by GS Inc. from time to time, into which shares of Common Stock, cash or other property in respect of an Award are delivered.

(b) “Award Agreement” means the written document or documents by which each Award is evidenced, including any Award Statement.

(c) “Award Statement” means a written statement that reflects certain Award terms.

(d) “Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in New York City are authorized or obligated by Federal law or executive order to be closed.

(e) “Cause” means (i) the Grantee’s conviction, whether following trial or by plea of guilty or nolo contendere (or similar plea), in a criminal proceeding (A) on a misdemeanor charge involving fraud, false statements or misleading omissions, wrongful taking, embezzlement, bribery, forgery, counterfeiting or extortion, or (B) on a felony charge, or (C) on an equivalent charge to those in clauses (A) and (B) in jurisdictions which do not use those designations, (ii) the Grantee’s engaging in any conduct which constitutes an employment disqualification under applicable law (including statutory disqualification as defined under the Exchange Act), (iii) the Grantee’s willful failure to perform the Grantee’s duties to the Firm, (iv) the Grantee’s violation of any securities or commodities laws, any rules or regulations issued pursuant to such laws, or the rules and regulations of any securities or commodities exchange or association of which the Firm is a member, (v) the Grantee’s violation of any Firm policy concerning hedging or pledging or confidential or proprietary information, or the Grantee’s material violation of any other Firm policy as in effect from time to time, (vi) the Grantee’s engaging in any act or making any statement which impairs, impugns, denigrates, disparages or negatively reflects upon the name, reputation

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or business interests of the Firm or (vii) the Grantee’s engaging in any conduct detrimental to the Firm. The determination as to whether Cause has occurred shall be made by the Committee in its sole discretion and, in such case, the Committee also may, but shall not be required to, specify the date such Cause occurred (including by determining that a prior termination of Employment was for Cause). Any rights the Firm may have hereunder and in any Award Agreement in respect of the events giving rise to Cause shall be in addition to the rights the Firm may have under any other agreement with a Grantee or at law or in equity.

(f) “Change in Control” means the consummation of a merger, consolidation, statutory share exchange or similar form of corporate transaction involving GS Inc. (a “Reorganization”) or sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of GS Inc.’s assets to an entity that is not an affiliate of GS Inc. (a “Sale”), that in each case requires the approval of GS Inc.’s shareholders under the law of GS Inc.’s jurisdiction of organization, whether for such Reorganization or Sale (or the issuance of securities of GS Inc. in such Reorganization or Sale), unless immediately following such Reorganization or Sale, either: (i) at least 50% of the total voting power (in respect of the election of directors, or similar officials in the case of an entity other than a corporation) of (A) the entity resulting from such Reorganization, or the entity which has acquired all or substantially all of the assets of GS Inc. in a Sale (in either case, the “Surviving Entity”), or (B) if applicable, the ultimate parent entity that directly or indirectly has beneficial ownership (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act, as such Rule is in effect on the date of the adoption of the 1999 SIP) of 50% or more of the total voting power (in respect of the election of directors, or similar officials in the case of an entity other than a corporation) of the Surviving Entity (the “Parent Entity”) is represented by GS Inc.’s securities (the “GS Inc. Securities”) that were outstanding immediately prior to such Reorganization or Sale (or, if applicable, is represented by shares into which such GS Inc. Securities were converted pursuant to such Reorganization or Sale) or (ii) at least 50% of the members of the board of directors (or similar officials in the case of an entity other than a corporation) of the Parent Entity (or, if there is no Parent Entity, the Surviving Entity) following the consummation of the Reorganization or Sale were, at the time of the Board’s approval of the execution of the initial agreement providing for such Reorganization or Sale, individuals (the “Incumbent Directors”) who either (A) were members of the Board on the Effective Date or (B) became directors subsequent to the Effective Date and whose election or nomination for election was approved by a vote of at least two-thirds of the Incumbent Directors then on the Board (either by a specific vote or by approval of GS Inc.’s proxy statement in which such persons are named as nominees for director).

(g) “Committee” means the committee appointed by the Board to administer the Plan pursuant to Section 1.3, and, to the extent the Board determines it is appropriate for the compensation realized from Awards under the Plan to be considered “performance based” compensation under Section 162(m) of the Code, shall be a committee or subcommittee of the Board composed of two or more members, each of whom is an “outside director” within the meaning of Code Section 162(m), and which, to the extent the Board determines it is appropriate for Awards under the Plan to qualify for the exemption available under Rule 16b-3(d)(1) or Rule 16b-3(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act, shall be a committee or subcommittee of the Board composed of two or more members, each of whom is a “non-employee director” within the meaning of Rule 16b-3. Unless otherwise determined by the Board, the Committee shall be the Compensation Committee of the Board.

(h) “Common Stock” means common stock of GS Inc., par value $0.01 per share.

(i) “Covered Person” means a member of the Board or the Committee or any employee of the Firm.

(j) “Date of Grant” means the date specified in the Grantee’s Award Agreement as the date of grant of the Award.

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(k) “Delivery Date” means each date specified in the Grantee’s Award Agreement as a delivery date, provided, unless the Committee determines otherwise, such date is during a Window Period or, if such date is not during a Window Period, the first trading day of the first Window Period beginning after such date.

(l) “Dividend Equivalent Right” means a dividend equivalent right granted under the Plan, which represents an unfunded and unsecured promise to pay to the Grantee amounts equal to all or any portion of the regular cash dividends that would be paid on shares of Common Stock covered by an Award if such shares had been delivered pursuant to an Award.

(m) “Employment” means the Grantee’s performance of services for the Firm, as determined by the Committee. The terms “employ” and “employed” shall have their correlative meanings. The Committee in its sole discretion may determine (i) whether and when a Grantee’s leave of absence results in a termination of Employment (for this purpose, unless the Committee determines otherwise, a Grantee shall be treated as terminating Employment with the Firm upon the occurrence of an Extended Absence), (ii) whether and when a change in a Grantee’s association with the Firm results in a termination of Employment and (iii) the impact, if any, of any such leave of absence or change in association on Awards theretofore made. Unless expressly provided otherwise, any references in the Plan or any Award Agreement to a Grantee’s Employment being terminated shall include both voluntary and involuntary terminations.

(n) “Firm” means GS Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.

(o) “Good Reason” means, in connection with a termination of employment by a Grantee following a Change in Control, (a) as determined by the Committee, a materially adverse alteration in the Grantee’s position or in the nature or status of the Grantee’s responsibilities from those in effect immediately prior to the Change in Control or (b) the Firm’s requiring the Grantee’s principal place of Employment to be located more than seventy-five (75) miles from the location where the Grantee is principally Employed at the time of the Change in Control (except for required travel on the Firm’s business to an extent substantially consistent with the Grantee’s customary business travel obligations in the ordinary course of business prior to the Change in Control).

(p) “Grantee” means a person who receives an Award.

(q) “GS Inc.” means The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., and any successor thereto.

(r) “Outstanding” means any Award to the extent it has not been forfeited, cancelled, terminated, exercised or with respect to which the shares of Common Stock underlying the Award have not been previously delivered or other payments made.

(s) “RSU” means a restricted stock unit Award granted under the Plan, which represents an unfunded and unsecured promise to deliver shares of Common Stock in accordance with the terms of the RSU Award Agreement.

(t) “RSU Shares” means shares of Common Stock that underlie an RSU.

(u) “Section 409A” means Section 409A of the Code, including any amendments or successor provisions to that Section and any regulations and other administrative guidance thereunder, in each case as they, from time to time, may be amended or interpreted through further administrative guidance.

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(v) “SIP Administrator” means each person designated by the Committee as a “SIP Administrator” with the authority to perform day-to-day administrative functions for the Plan.

(w) “SIP Committee” means the persons who have been delegated certain authority under the Plan by the Committee.

(x) “Transfer Restrictions” means restrictions that prohibit the sale, exchange, transfer, assignment, pledge, hypothecation, fractionalization, hedge or other disposal (including through the use of any cash-settled instrument), whether voluntarily or involuntarily by the Grantee, of an Award or any shares of Common Stock, cash or other property delivered in respect of an Award.

(y) “Transferability Date” means the date Transfer Restrictions on a Restricted Share will be released. Within 30 Business Days after the applicable Transferability Date, GS Inc. shall take, or shall cause to be taken, such steps as may be necessary to remove Transfer Restrictions.

(z) “Vested” means, with respect to an Award, the portion of the Award that is not subject to a condition that the Grantee remain actively employed by the Firm in order for the Award to remain Outstanding. The fact that an Award becomes Vested shall not mean or otherwise indicate that the Grantee has an unconditional or nonforfeitable right to such Award, and such Award shall remain subject to such terms, conditions and forfeiture provisions as may be provided for in the Plan or in the Award Agreement.

(aa) “Window Period” means a period designated by the Firm during which all employees of the Firm are permitted to purchase or sell shares of Common Stock (provided that, if the Grantee is a member of a designated group of employees who are subject to different restrictions, the Window Period may be a period designated by the Firm during which an employee of the Firm in such designated group is permitted to purchase or sell shares of Common Stock).

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EX-10.56

EXHIBIT 10.56

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.

             FIXED ALLOWANCE RESTRICTED STOCK AWARD

This Award Agreement, together with The Goldman Sachs Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (2015) (the “Plan”), governs your award of              Fixed Allowance Restricted Shares (your “Award”). You should read carefully this entire Award Agreement, which includes the Award Statement and any attached Appendix.

ACCEPTANCE

1. You Must Decide Whether to Accept this Award Agreement. To be eligible to receive your Award, you must by the date specified (a) open and activate an Account and (b) agree to all the terms of your Award by executing the related signature card in accordance with its instructions. By executing the signature card, you confirm your agreement to all of the terms of this Award Agreement, including the arbitration and choice of forum provisions in Paragraph 12.

DOCUMENTS THAT GOVERN YOUR AWARD; DEFINITIONS

2. The Plan. Your Award is granted under the Plan, and the Plan’s terms apply to, and are a part of, this Award Agreement.

3. Your Award Statement. The Award Statement delivered to you contains some of your Award’s specific terms. For example, it contains the number of Fixed Allowance Restricted Shares awarded to you and any applicable Transferability Dates.

4. Definitions. Capitalized terms are defined in the Definitions Appendix, which also includes terms that are defined in the Plan.

VESTING OF YOUR FIXED ALLOWANCE RESTRICTED SHARES

5. Vesting. All of your Fixed Allowance Restricted Shares are Vested. When a Fixed Allowance Restricted Share is Vested, it means that your continued active Employment is not required for that portion of Restricted Shares to become fully transferable without risk of forfeiture. The terms of this Award Agreement (including any applicable Transfer Restrictions) continue to apply to Vested Fixed Allowance Restricted Shares.

TRANSFER RESTRICTIONS

6. Transfer Restrictions. Fixed Allowance Restricted Shares will be subject to Transfer Restrictions until the Transferability Date next to such number or percentage of Restricted Shares on your Award Statement. Any purported sale, exchange, transfer, assignment, pledge, hypothecation, fractionalization, hedge or other disposition in violation of the Transfer Restrictions will be void. Within 30 Business Days after the Transferability Date listed on your Award Statement (or any other date on which the Transfer Restrictions are to be removed), GS Inc. will remove the Transfer Restrictions. The Committee or the SIP Committee may select multiple dates within such 30-Business-Day period on which to remove Transfer Restrictions for all or a portion of the Restricted Shares with the same Transferability Date listed on the Award Statement, and all such dates will be treated as a single Transferability Date for purposes of this Award.

DIVIDENDS

7. Dividends. You will be entitled to receive on a current basis any regular cash dividend paid in respect of your Fixed Allowance Restricted Shares.

EXCEPTIONS TO TRANSFERABILITY DATES

8. Accelerated Release of Transfer Restrictions in the Event of a Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control, Conflicted Employment or Death. In the event of your Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control, Conflicted Employment or death, each as described below, your Outstanding Award will be treated as described in this Paragraph 8.

(a) You Have a Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control. If your Employment terminates when you meet the requirements of a Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control, any Transfer Restrictions will cease to apply.

(b) You Are Determined to Have Accepted Conflicted Employment.

(i) Generally. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Plan or otherwise, for purposes of this Award Agreement, “Conflicted Employment” means your employment at any U.S. Federal, state or local government, any non-U.S. government, any supranational or international organization, any self-regulatory organization, or any agency or instrumentality of any such government or organization, or any other employer (other than an “Accounting Firm” within the meaning of SEC Rule 2-01(f)(2) of Regulation S-X or any successor thereto) determined by the Committee, if, as a result of such employment, your continued holding of any Outstanding Award would result in an actual or perceived conflict of interest. If your Employment terminates solely because you resign to accept Conflicted Employment or if, following your termination of Employment, you notify the Firm that you are accepting Conflicted Employment, any Transfer Restrictions will cease to apply as soon as practicable after the Committee has received satisfactory documentation relating to your Conflicted Employment.

(ii) You May Have to Take Other Steps to Address Conflicts of Interest. The Committee retains the authority to exercise its rights under the Award Agreement or the Plan (including Section 1.3.2 of the Plan) to take or require you to take other steps it determines in its sole discretion to be necessary or appropriate to cure an actual or perceived conflict of interest (which may include a determination that the accelerated release of Transfer Restrictions described in Paragraph 8(b)(i) will not apply because such actions are not necessary or appropriate to cure an actual or perceived conflict of interest).

(c) Death. If you die, any Transfer Restrictions will cease to apply as soon as practicable after the date of death and after such documentation as may be requested by the Committee is provided to the Committee.

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OTHER TERMS, CONDITIONS AND AGREEMENTS

9. Additional Terms, Conditions and Agreements.

(a) You Must Satisfy Applicable Tax Withholding Requirements. Removal of the Transfer Restrictions is conditioned on your satisfaction of any applicable withholding taxes in accordance with Section 3.2 of the Plan, which includes the Firm deducting or withholding amounts from any payment or distribution to you (which, notwithstanding Section 3.2.2 of the Plan, may exceed the statutory minimum rate if and to the extent determined by the Committee or the SIP Committee). In addition, to the extent permitted by applicable law, the Firm, in its sole discretion, may require you to provide amounts equal to all or a portion of any Federal, state, local, foreign or other tax obligations imposed on you or the Firm in connection with the grant of this Award by requiring you to choose between remitting the amount (i) in cash (or through payroll deduction or otherwise), (ii) in the form of proceeds from the Firm’s executing a sale of shares of Common Stock delivered to you under this Award or (iii) shares of Common Stock delivered to you pursuant to this Award. In addition, if you are an individual with separate employment contracts (at any time during and/or after the Firm’s              fiscal year), the Firm, in its sole discretion, may require you to provide for a reserve in an amount the Firm determines is advisable or necessary in connection with any actual, anticipated or potential tax consequences related to your separate employment contracts by requiring you to choose between remitting such amount (i) in cash (or through payroll deduction or otherwise) or (ii) in the form of proceeds from the Firm’s executing a sale of shares of Common Stock delivered to you pursuant to this Award (or any other Outstanding awards granted under the Plan or any predecessor or successor plan thereto).

(b) Firm May Deliver Cash or Other Property Instead of Shares. In accordance with Section 1.3.2(i) of the Plan, in the sole discretion of the Committee, in lieu of all or any portion of the shares of Common Stock, the Firm may deliver cash, other securities, other awards under the Plan or other property, and all references in this Award Agreement to deliveries of shares of Common Stock will include such deliveries of cash, other securities, other awards under the Plan or other property.

(c) Amounts May Be Rounded to Avoid Fractional Shares. Restricted Shares subject to Transfer Restrictions may, in each case, be rounded to avoid fractional shares of Common Stock.

(d) You May Be Required to Become a Party to the Shareholders’ Agreement. Your rights to your Fixed Allowance Restricted Shares are conditioned on your becoming a party to any shareholders’ agreement to which other similarly situated employees (e.g., employees with a similar title or position) of the Firm are required to be a party. If you are a party to the Amended and Restated Shareholders’ Agreement, shares of Common Stock delivered in respect of Fixed Allowance Restricted Shares will be subject to the Amended and Restated Shareholders’ Agreement, but those shares of Common Stock will not be “Covered Shares” for purposes of Section 2.1(a) thereof.

(e) Firm May Affix Legends and Place Stop Orders on Restricted Shares. GS Inc. may affix to Certificates representing shares of Common Stock any legend that the Committee determines to be necessary or advisable (including to reflect any restrictions to which you may be subject under a separate agreement). GS Inc. may advise the transfer agent to place a stop order against any legended shares of Common Stock.

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(f) You Agree to Certain Consents, Terms and Conditions. By accepting this Award you understand and agree that:

(i) You Agree to Certain Consents as a Condition to the Award. You have expressly consented to all of the items listed in Section 3.3.3(d) of the Plan, including the Firm’s supplying to any third-party recordkeeper of the Plan or other person such personal information of yours as the Committee deems advisable to administer the Plan, and you agree to provide any additional consents that the Committee determines to be necessary or advisable;

(ii) You Are Subject to the Firm’s Policies, Rules and Procedures. You are subject to the Firm’s policies in effect from time to time concerning trading in shares of Common Stock and hedging or pledging shares of Common Stock and equity-based compensation or other awards (including, without limitation, the Firm’s “Policies with Respect to Personal Transactions Involving GS Securities and GS Equity Awards” or any successor policies), and confidential or proprietary information, and you will effect sales of shares of Common Stock in accordance with such rules and procedures as may be adopted from time to time (which may include, without limitation, restrictions relating to the timing of sale requests, the manner in which sales are executed, pricing method, consolidation or aggregation of orders and volume limits determined by the Firm);

(iii) You Are Responsible for Costs Associated with Your Award. You will be responsible for all brokerage costs and other fees or expenses associated with your Fixed Allowance Restricted Shares, including those related to the sale of shares of Common Stock;

(iv) You Will Be Deemed to Represent Your Compliance with All the Terms of Your Award if You Sell Shares. You will be deemed to have represented and certified that you have complied with all of the terms of the Plan and this Award Agreement when you request the sale of shares of Common Stock following the release of Transfer Restrictions;

(v) Firm May Deliver Your Award into an Escrow Account. The Firm may establish and maintain an escrow account on such terms (which may include your executing any documents related to, and your paying for any costs associated with, such account) as it may deem necessary or appropriate, and the delivery of shares of Common Stock (including Restricted Shares) or the payment of cash or other property may initially be made into and held in that escrow account until such time as the Committee has received such documentation as it may have requested or until the Committee has determined that any other conditions or restrictions on delivery of shares of Common Stock, cash or other property required by this Award Agreement have been satisfied;

(vi) You Must Comply with Applicable Deadlines and Procedures to Appeal Determinations Made by the Committee, the SIP Committee or SIP Administrators. In order to appeal a determination by the Committee, the SIP Committee, the SIP Administrators, or any of their delegates or designees, you must submit a written request for the appeal within 180 days after receipt of any such determination. You must exhaust all administrative remedies before seeking to resolve a dispute through arbitration pursuant to Paragraph 12 and Section 3.17 of the Plan; and

(vii) You Agree that Covered Persons Will Not Have Liability. In addition to and without limiting the generality of the provisions of Section 1.3.5 of the Plan, neither the Firm nor any Covered Person will have any liability to you or any other person for any action taken or omitted in respect of this or any other Award.

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10. Non-transferability. Except as otherwise may be provided in this Paragraph 10 or as otherwise may be provided by the Committee, the limitations on transferability set forth in Section 3.5 of the Plan will apply to this Award. Any purported transfer or assignment in violation of the provisions of this Paragraph 10 or Section 3.5 of the Plan will be void. The Committee may adopt procedures pursuant to which some or all recipients of Fixed Allowance Restricted Shares may transfer some or all of their Fixed Allowance Restricted Shares (which will continue to be subject to Transfer Restrictions until the Transferability Date) through a gift for no consideration to any immediate family member, a trust or other estate planning vehicle approved by the Committee or SIP Committee in which the recipient and/or the recipient’s immediate family members in the aggregate have 100% of the beneficial interest.

11. Right of Offset. The obligation to pay dividends or to remove the Transfer Restrictions under this Award Agreement is subject to Section 3.4 of the Plan, which provides for the Firm’s right to offset against such obligation any outstanding amounts you owe to the Firm and any amounts the Committee deems appropriate pursuant to any tax equalization policy or agreement.

ARBITRATION, CHOICE OF FORUM AND GOVERNING LAW

12. Arbitration; Choice of Forum.

(a) BY ACCEPTING THIS AWARD, YOU ARE INDICATING THAT YOU UNDERSTAND AND AGREE THAT THE ARBITRATION AND CHOICE OF FORUM PROVISIONS SET FORTH IN SECTION 3.17 OF THE PLAN WILL APPLY TO THIS AWARD. THESE PROVISIONS, WHICH ARE EXPRESSLY INCORPORATED HEREIN BY REFERENCE, PROVIDE AMONG OTHER THINGS THAT ANY DISPUTE, CONTROVERSY OR CLAIM BETWEEN THE FIRM AND YOU ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO OR CONCERNING THE PLAN OR THIS AWARD AGREEMENT WILL BE FINALLY SETTLED BY ARBITRATION IN NEW YORK CITY, PURSUANT TO THE TERMS MORE FULLY SET FORTH IN SECTION 3.17 OF THE PLAN; PROVIDED THAT NOTHING HEREIN SHALL PRECLUDE YOU FROM FILING A CHARGE WITH OR PARTICIPATING IN ANY INVESTIGATION OR PROCEEDING CONDUCTED BY ANY GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE SEC AND THE EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION.

(b) To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, no arbitrator will have the authority to consider class, collective or representative claims, to order consolidation or to join different claimants or grant relief other than on an individual basis to the individual claimant involved.

(c) Notwithstanding any applicable forum rules to the contrary, to the extent there is a question of enforceability of this Award Agreement arising from a challenge to the arbitrator’s jurisdiction or to the arbitrability of a claim, it will be decided by a court and not an arbitrator.

(d) All references to the New York Stock Exchange in Section 3.17 of the Plan will be read as references to the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.

(e) The Federal Arbitration Act governs interpretation and enforcement of all arbitration provisions under the Plan and this Award Agreement, and all arbitration proceedings thereunder.

(f) Nothing in this Award Agreement creates a substantive right to bring a claim under U.S. Federal, state, or local employment laws.

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13. Governing Law. THIS AWARD WILL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, WITHOUT REGARD TO PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICT OF LAWS.

AMENDMENT AND CONSTRUCTION

14. Amendment. The Committee reserves the right at any time to amend the terms of this Award Agreement, and the Board may amend the Plan in any respect; provided that, notwithstanding the foregoing and Sections 1.3.2(f), 1.3.2(h) and 3.1 of the Plan, no such amendment will materially adversely affect your rights and obligations under this Award Agreement without your consent; and provided further that the Committee expressly reserves its rights to amend the Award Agreement and the Plan as described in Sections 1.3.2(h)(1), (2) and (4) of the Plan. A modification that impacts the tax consequences of this Award will not be an amendment that materially adversely affects your rights and obligations under this Award Agreement. Any amendment of this Award Agreement will be in writing.

15. Construction, Headings. Unless the context requires otherwise, (a) words describing the singular number include the plural and vice versa, (b) words denoting any gender include all genders and (c) the words “include,” “includes” and “including” will be deemed to be followed by the words “without limitation.” The headings in this Award Agreement are for the purpose of convenience only and are not intended to define or limit the construction of the provisions hereof. References in this Award Agreement to any specific Plan provision will not be construed as limiting the applicability of any other Plan provision.

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, GS Inc. has caused this Award Agreement to be duly executed and delivered as of the Date of Grant.

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.

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DEFINITIONS APPENDIX

The following capitalized terms are used in this Award Agreement with the following meanings:

(a) “409A Deferred Compensation” means a “deferral of compensation” or “deferred compensation” as those terms are defined in the regulations under Section 409A.

(b) “Conflicted Employment” means your employment at any U.S. Federal, state or local government, any non-U.S. government, any supranational or international organization, any self-regulatory organization, or any agency or instrumentality of any such government or organization, or any other employer (other than an “Accounting Firm” within the meaning of SEC Rule 2-01(f)(2) of Regulation S-X or any successor thereto) determined by the Committee, if, as a result of such employment, your continued holding of any Outstanding Award would result in an actual or perceived conflict of interest.

(c) “Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control” means that the Firm terminates your Employment other than for Cause or you terminate your Employment for Good Reason, in each case, within 18 months following a Change in Control.

(d) “SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

The following capitalized terms are used in this Award Agreement with the meanings that are assigned to them in the Plan.

(a) “Account” means any brokerage account, custody account or similar account, as approved or required by GS Inc. from time to time, into which shares of Common Stock, cash or other property in respect of an Award are delivered.

(b) “Award Agreement” means the written document or documents by which each Award is evidenced, including any Award Statement.

(c) “Award Statement” means a written statement that reflects certain Award terms.

(d) “Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in New York City are authorized or obligated by Federal law or executive order to be closed.

(e) “Cause” means (i) the Grantee’s conviction, whether following trial or by plea of guilty or nolo contendere (or similar plea), in a criminal proceeding (A) on a misdemeanor charge involving fraud, false statements or misleading omissions, wrongful taking, embezzlement, bribery, forgery, counterfeiting or extortion, or (B) on a felony charge, or (C) on an equivalent charge to those in clauses (A) and (B) in jurisdictions which do not use those designations, (ii) the Grantee’s engaging in any conduct which constitutes an employment disqualification under applicable law (including statutory disqualification as defined under the Exchange Act), (iii) the Grantee’s willful failure to perform the Grantee’s duties to the Firm, (iv) the Grantee’s violation of any securities or commodities laws, any rules or regulations issued pursuant to such laws, or the rules and regulations of any securities or commodities exchange or association of which the Firm is a member, (v) the Grantee’s violation of any Firm policy concerning hedging or pledging or confidential or proprietary information, or the Grantee’s material violation of any other Firm policy as in effect from time to time, (vi) the Grantee’s engaging in any act or making any statement which impairs, impugns, denigrates, disparages or negatively reflects upon the name, reputation or business interests of the Firm or (vii) the Grantee’s engaging in any conduct detrimental to the Firm. The determination as to whether Cause has occurred shall be made by the Committee in its sole discretion

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and, in such case, the Committee also may, but shall not be required to, specify the date such Cause occurred (including by determining that a prior termination of Employment was for Cause). Any rights the Firm may have hereunder and in any Award Agreement in respect of the events giving rise to Cause shall be in addition to the rights the Firm may have under any other agreement with a Grantee or at law or in equity.

(f) “Change in Control” means the consummation of a merger, consolidation, statutory share exchange or similar form of corporate transaction involving GS Inc. (a “Reorganization”) or sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of GS Inc.’s assets to an entity that is not an affiliate of GS Inc. (a “Sale”), that in each case requires the approval of GS Inc.’s shareholders under the law of GS Inc.’s jurisdiction of organization, whether for such Reorganization or Sale (or the issuance of securities of GS Inc. in such Reorganization or Sale), unless immediately following such Reorganization or Sale, either: (i) at least 50% of the total voting power (in respect of the election of directors, or similar officials in the case of an entity other than a corporation) of (A) the entity resulting from such Reorganization, or the entity which has acquired all or substantially all of the assets of GS Inc. in a Sale (in either case, the “Surviving Entity”), or (B) if applicable, the ultimate parent entity that directly or indirectly has beneficial ownership (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act, as such Rule is in effect on the date of the adoption of the 1999 SIP) of 50% or more of the total voting power (in respect of the election of directors, or similar officials in the case of an entity other than a corporation) of the Surviving Entity (the “Parent Entity”) is represented by GS Inc.’s securities (the “GS Inc. Securities”) that were outstanding immediately prior to such Reorganization or Sale (or, if applicable, is represented by shares into which such GS Inc. Securities were converted pursuant to such Reorganization or Sale) or (ii) at least 50% of the members of the board of directors (or similar officials in the case of an entity other than a corporation) of the Parent Entity (or, if there is no Parent Entity, the Surviving Entity) following the consummation of the Reorganization or Sale were, at the time of the Board’s approval of the execution of the initial agreement providing for such Reorganization or Sale, individuals (the “Incumbent Directors”) who either (A) were members of the Board on the Effective Date or (B) became directors subsequent to the Effective Date and whose election or nomination for election was approved by a vote of at least two-thirds of the Incumbent Directors then on the Board (either by a specific vote or by approval of GS Inc.’s proxy statement in which such persons are named as nominees for director).

(g) “Committee” means the committee appointed by the Board to administer the Plan pursuant to Section 1.3, and, to the extent the Board determines it is appropriate for the compensation realized from Awards under the Plan to be considered “performance based” compensation under Section 162(m) of the Code, shall be a committee or subcommittee of the Board composed of two or more members, each of whom is an “outside director” within the meaning of Code Section 162(m), and which, to the extent the Board determines it is appropriate for Awards under the Plan to qualify for the exemption available under Rule 16b-3(d)(1) or Rule 16b-3(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act, shall be a committee or subcommittee of the Board composed of two or more members, each of whom is a “non-employee director” within the meaning of Rule 16b-3. Unless otherwise determined by the Board, the Committee shall be the Compensation Committee of the Board.

(h) “Common Stock” means common stock of GS Inc., par value $0.01 per share.

(i) “Covered Person” means a member of the Board or the Committee or any employee of the Firm.

(j) “Date of Grant” means the date specified in the Grantee’s Award Agreement as the date of grant of the Award.

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(k) “Employment” means the Grantee’s performance of services for the Firm, as determined by the Committee. The terms “employ” and “employed” shall have their correlative meanings. The Committee in its sole discretion may determine (i) whether and when a Grantee’s leave of absence results in a termination of Employment (for this purpose, unless the Committee determines otherwise, a Grantee shall be treated as terminating Employment with the Firm upon the occurrence of an Extended Absence), (ii) whether and when a change in a Grantee’s association with the Firm results in a termination of Employment and (iii) the impact, if any, of any such leave of absence or change in association on Awards theretofore made. Unless expressly provided otherwise, any references in the Plan or any Award Agreement to a Grantee’s Employment being terminated shall include both voluntary and involuntary terminations.

(l) “Fair Market Value” means, with respect to a share of Common Stock on any day, the fair market value as determined in accordance with a valuation methodology approved by the Committee.

(m) “Firm” means GS Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.

(n) “Good Reason” means, in connection with a termination of employment by a Grantee following a Change in Control, (a) as determined by the Committee, a materially adverse alteration in the Grantee’s position or in the nature or status of the Grantee’s responsibilities from those in effect immediately prior to the Change in Control or (b) the Firm’s requiring the Grantee’s principal place of Employment to be located more than seventy-five (75) miles from the location where the Grantee is principally Employed at the time of the Change in Control (except for required travel on the Firm’s business to an extent substantially consistent with the Grantee’s customary business travel obligations in the ordinary course of business prior to the Change in Control).

(o) “Grantee” means a person who receives an Award.

(p) “GS Inc.” means The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., and any successor thereto.

(q) “Outstanding” means any Award to the extent it has not been forfeited, cancelled, terminated, exercised or with respect to which the shares of Common Stock underlying the Award have not been previously delivered or other payments made.

(r) “Restricted Share” means a share of Common Stock delivered under the Plan that is subject to Transfer Restrictions, forfeiture provisions and/or other terms and conditions specified in the Plan and in the Award Agreement or other Applicable Award Agreement. All references to Restricted Shares include “Shares at Risk.”

(s) “SIP Administrator” means each person designated by the Committee as a “SIP Administrator” with the authority to perform day-to-day administrative functions for the Plan.

(t) “SIP Committee” means the persons who have been delegated certain authority under the Plan by the Committee.

(u) “Transfer Restrictions” means restrictions that prohibit the sale, exchange, transfer, assignment, pledge, hypothecation, fractionalization, hedge or other disposal (including through the use of any cash-settled instrument), whether voluntarily or involuntarily by the Grantee, of an Award or any shares of Common Stock, cash or other property delivered in respect of an Award.

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(v) “Transferability Date” means the date Transfer Restrictions on a Restricted Share will be released. Within 30 Business Days after the applicable Transferability Date, GS Inc. shall take, or shall cause to be taken, such steps as may be necessary to remove Transfer Restrictions.

(w) “Vested” means, with respect to an Award, the portion of the Award that is not subject to a condition that the Grantee remain actively employed by the Firm in order for the Award to remain Outstanding. The fact that an Award becomes Vested shall not mean or otherwise indicate that the Grantee has an unconditional or nonforfeitable right to such Award, and such Award shall remain subject to such terms, conditions and forfeiture provisions as may be provided for in the Plan or in the Award Agreement.

(x) “Window Period” means a period designated by the Firm during which all employees of the Firm are permitted to purchase or sell shares of Common Stock (provided that, if the Grantee is a member of a designated group of employees who are subject to different restrictions, the Window Period may be a period designated by the Firm during which an employee of the Firm in such designated group is permitted to purchase or sell shares of Common Stock).

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EX-10.58

EXHIBIT 10.58

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.

             YEAR-END PERFORMANCE-BASED RSU AWARD

This Award Agreement governs your award of performance-based RSUs (your “Award” or “PSUs”) granted under The Goldman Sachs Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (2015) (the “Plan”) in accordance with The Goldman Sachs Long-Term Performance Incentive Plan (the “LTIP”). You should read carefully this entire Award Agreement, which includes the Award Statement and any attached Appendix.

ACCEPTANCE

1. You Must Decide Whether to Accept this Award Agreement. To be eligible to receive your Award, you must by the date specified (a) open and activate an Account and (b) agree to all the terms of your Award by executing the related signature card in accordance with its instructions. By executing the signature card, you confirm your agreement to all of the terms of this Award Agreement, including the arbitration and choice of forum provisions in Paragraph 16.

DOCUMENTS THAT GOVERN YOUR AWARD; DEFINITIONS

2. The Plan and LTIP. Your Award is granted under the Plan in accordance with the LTIP, and the terms of both apply to, and are a part of, this Award Agreement. In the event of a conflict between the terms of the LTIP and the Plan, the terms of the Plan will control.

3. Your Award Statement. The Award Statement delivered to you contains some of your Award’s specific terms. For example, it contains the number of PSUs subject to this Award, the Performance Period and the Performance Goal applicable to your Award. [It also contains the Determination Date and the Settlement Date for your Award and the Transferability Date for any Shares at Risk that may be delivered to you in respect of any Settlement Amount that you may earn.] The number of PSUs on your Award Statement is not necessarily the number of PSUs in respect of which the Settlement Amount will be earned, but is merely the basis for determining the amount (if any) that will be delivered to you.

4. Definitions. Capitalized terms are defined in the Award Statement or the Definitions Appendix, which also includes terms that are defined in the LTIP and the Plan.

VESTING OF YOUR PSUS

5. Vesting. Your PSUs are Vested. When a PSU is Vested, it means only that your continued active Employment is not required to earn delivery in respect of that PSU. Vesting does not mean you have a non-forfeitable right to the Vested portion of your Award. The terms of this Award Agreement (including conditions to delivery and satisfaction of the Performance Goal) continue to apply to your Award, and failure to meet such terms may result in the termination of this Award (as a result of which no delivery in respect of such Vested PSUs would be made).

PERFORMANCE GOAL

6. Performance. The Settlement Amount is dependent, and may vary based, on achievement of the Performance Goal over the Performance Period. On the Determination Date, the Firm will determine whether or not, and to what extent, the Performance Goal for that Performance Period has been satisfied. All your rights with respect to the Settlement Amount (and any Dividend Equivalent Payments) are dependent on the extent to which the Performance Goal is achieved, and any rights to

delivery in respect of your Outstanding PSUs immediately will terminate and no Settlement Amount will be delivered in respect of such PSUs upon the Committee’s determination, in its sole discretion, that the Performance Goal has not been satisfied to the extent necessary to result in delivery in respect of the PSUs.

SETTLEMENT AMOUNT

7. Settlement.

(a) In General. Subject to satisfaction of the terms of this Award, including satisfaction of the Performance Goal, on the Settlement Date, you will receive delivery (less applicable withholding as described in Paragraph 13(a)) of the Settlement Amount and payment of any Dividend Equivalent Payments as further described in this Award Agreement and in your Award Statement. Until such delivery and payment, you have only the rights of a general unsecured creditor and you do not have any rights as a shareholder of GS Inc. with respect to either the PSUs or the Settlement Amount. Without limiting the Committee’s authority under Section 2(b) of the LTIP, the Firm may accelerate any Settlement Date by up to 30 days.

(b) [Form of Delivery. The Settlement Amount will be delivered as follows:

(i)             % in the form of cash that will be paid on the Settlement Date.

(ii)             % in the form of Shares at Risk.

(c) Shares at Risk. All of the Shares delivered (after application of tax withholding) to you in respect of the Settlement Amount will be Shares at Risk subject to Transfer Restrictions until the Transferability Date. Any purported sale, exchange, transfer, assignment, pledge, hypothecation, fractionalization, hedge or other disposition in violation of the Transfer Restrictions on Shares at Risk will be void. Within 30 Business Days after the Transferability Date listed on your Award Statement (or any other date on which the Transfer Restrictions are to be removed), GS Inc. will remove the Transfer Restrictions. The Committee or the SIP Committee may select multiple dates within such 30-Business-Day period on which to remove Transfer Restrictions for all or a portion of the Shares at Risk with the same Transferability Date listed on the Award Statement, and all such dates will be treated as a single Transferability Date for purposes of this Award.]

DIVIDEND EQUIVALENT RIGHTS

8. Dividend Equivalent Rights. To the extent described in your Award Statement, each PSU will include a Dividend Equivalent Right, which will be subject to the provisions of Section 2.8 of the Plan. Accordingly, for each of your Outstanding PSUs with respect to which delivery is made under the Settlement Amount, you will be entitled to payments under Dividend Equivalent Rights equal to any regular cash dividend paid by GS Inc. in respect of a Share the record date for which occurs on or after the Date of Grant. The payment to you of amounts under Dividend Equivalent Rights (less applicable withholding as described in Paragraph 13(a)) is conditioned upon the delivery under the Settlement Amount in respect of the PSUs to which such Dividend Equivalent Rights relate, and you will have no right to receive any Dividend Equivalent Payments relating to PSUs for which you do not receive delivery under the Settlement Amount (including, without limitation, due to a failure to satisfy the Performance Goal). Dividend Equivalent Payments will be paid on the Settlement Date.

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FORFEITURE OF YOUR AWARD

9. How You May Forfeit Your Award. This Paragraph 9 sets forth the events that result in forfeiture of up to all of your PSUs [and Shares at Risk] and may require repayment to the Firm of up to all amounts previously paid or delivered to you under your PSUs in accordance with Paragraph 10. More than one event may apply, and in no case will the occurrence of one event limit the forfeiture and repayment obligations as a result of the occurrence of any other event. In addition, the Firm reserves the right to (a) suspend delivery of the Settlement Amount and payment of any Dividend Equivalent Payments [or release Transfer Restrictions on Shares at Risk] or (b) make payment of cash or deliver Shares at Risk into an escrow account in accordance with Paragraph 13(f)(v). [Paragraph 12 (relating to certain circumstances under which release of Transfer Restrictions may be accelerated) provides for exceptions to one or more provisions of this Paragraph 9.]

(a) PSUs Forfeited Upon Certain Events. If any of the following occurs, your rights to all of your Outstanding PSUs will terminate, and no Settlement Amount will be delivered in respect thereof, as may be further described below:

(i) You Associate With a Covered Enterprise. You Associate With a Covered Enterprise during the Performance Period.

(ii) You Solicit Clients or Employees, Interfere with Client or Employee Relationships or Participate in the Hiring of Employees. Before the Settlement Date, either:

(A) you, in any manner, directly or indirectly, (1) Solicit any Client to transact business with a Covered Enterprise or to reduce or refrain from doing any business with the Firm, (2) interfere with or damage (or attempt to interfere with or damage) any relationship between the Firm and any Client, (3) Solicit any person who is an employee of the Firm to resign from the Firm, (4) Solicit any Selected Firm Personnel to apply for or accept employment (or other association) with any person or entity other than the Firm, (5) hire or participate in the hiring of any Selected Firm Personnel by any person or entity other than the Firm (including, without limitation, participating in the identification of individuals for potential hire, and participating in any hiring decision), whether as an employee or consultant or otherwise, or

(B) Selected Firm Personnel are Solicited, hired or accepted into partnership, membership or similar status by (1) any entity that you form, that bears your name, or in which you possess or control greater than a de minimis equity ownership, voting or profit participation, or (2) any entity where you have, or will have, direct or indirect managerial responsibility for such Selected Firm Personnel.

(iii) You Failed to Consider Risk. You Failed to Consider Risk during the Firm’s             fiscal year.

(iv) Your Conduct Constitutes Cause. Any event that constitutes Cause has occurred before the Settlement Date.

(v) You Do Not Meet Your Obligations to the Firm. The Committee determines that, before the Settlement Date, you failed to meet, in any respect, any obligation under any agreement with the Firm, or any agreement entered into in connection with your Employment or this Award, including the Firm’s notice period requirement applicable to you, any offer letter, employment agreement or any shareholders’ agreement relating to the Firm. Your failure to pay or reimburse the Firm, on demand, for any amount you owe to the Firm will constitute (A) failure to meet an obligation you have under an agreement, regardless of whether such obligation arises under a written agreement, and/or (B) a material violation of Firm policy constituting Cause.

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(vi) You Do Not Provide Timely Certifications or Comply with Your Certifications. You fail to certify to GS Inc. that you have complied with all of the terms of the LTIP, the Plan and this Award Agreement, or the Committee determines that you have failed to comply with a term of the LTIP, the Plan or this Award Agreement to which you have certified compliance.

(vii) You Do Not Follow Dispute Resolution/Arbitration Procedures. You attempt to have any dispute under the LTIP, the Plan or this Award Agreement resolved in any manner that is not provided for by Paragraph 16, Section 3.17 of the Plan or Section 6(h) of the LTIP.

(viii) You Bring an Action that Results in a Determination that Any Award Agreement Term Is Invalid. As a result of any action brought by you, it is determined that any term of this Award Agreement is invalid.

(ix) You Receive Compensation in Respect of Your Award from Another Employer. Your Employment terminates for any reason or you otherwise are no longer actively employed with the Firm and another entity grants you cash, equity or other property (whether vested or unvested) to replace, substitute for or otherwise in respect of your Outstanding PSUs.

(x) GS Inc. Fails to Maintain the Minimum Tier 1 Capital Ratio. Before the Settlement Date, GS Inc. fails to maintain the required “Minimum Tier 1 Capital Ratio” as defined under Federal Reserve Board Regulations applicable to GS Inc. for a period of 90 consecutive business days.

(xi) GS Inc. Is Determined to Be in Default. Before the Settlement Date, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve or the FDIC makes a written recommendation under Title II (Orderly Liquidation Authority) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act for the appointment of the FDIC as a receiver of GS Inc. based on a determination that GS Inc. is “in default” or “in danger of default.”

(xii) Accounting Restatement Required Under Sarbanes-Oxley. GS Inc. is required to prepare an accounting restatement due to GS Inc.’s material noncompliance, as a result of misconduct, with any financial reporting requirement under the securities laws described in Section 304(a) of Sarbanes-Oxley; provided, however, that your rights with respect to the PSUs will only be terminated to the same extent that would be required under Section 304 of Sarbanes-Oxley had you been a “chief executive officer” or “chief financial officer” of GS Inc. (regardless of whether you actually hold such position at the relevant time).

(b) [Shares at Risk Forfeited upon Certain Events. To the extent you receive delivery of Shares at Risk in connection with any Settlement Amount, if any of the following occurs your rights to all of your Shares at Risk will terminate and your Shares at Risk will be cancelled, in each case, as may be further described below:

(i) You Failed to Consider Risk. You Failed to Consider Risk during the Firm’s             fiscal year.

(ii) Your Conduct Constitutes Cause. Any event that constitutes Cause has occurred before the Transferability Date.

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(iii) You Do Not Meet Your Obligations to the Firm. The Committee determines that, before the Transferability Date, you failed to meet, in any respect, any obligation under any agreement with the Firm, or any agreement entered into in connection with your Employment or this Award, including the Firm’s notice period requirement applicable to you, any offer letter, employment agreement or any shareholders’ agreement relating to the Firm. Your failure to pay or reimburse the Firm, on demand, for any amount you owe to the Firm will constitute (A) failure to meet an obligation you have under an agreement, regardless of whether such obligation arises under a written agreement, and/or (B) a material violation of Firm policy constituting Cause.

(iv) You Do Not Provide Timely Certifications or Comply with Your Certifications. You fail to certify to GS Inc. that you have complied with all of the terms of the LTIP, the Plan and this Award Agreement, or the Committee determines that you have failed to comply with a term of the LTIP, the Plan or this Award Agreement to which you have certified compliance.

(v) You Do Not Follow Dispute Resolution/Arbitration Procedures. You attempt to have any dispute under the LTIP, the Plan or this Award Agreement resolved in any manner that is not provided for by Paragraph 16, Section 3.17 of the Plan or Section 6(h) of the LTIP.

(vi) You Bring an Action that Results in a Determination that Any Award Agreement Term Is Invalid. As a result of any action brought by you, it is determined that any term of this Award Agreement is invalid.

(vii) You Receive Compensation in Respect of Your Award from Another Employer. Your Employment terminates for any reason or you otherwise are no longer actively employed with the Firm and another entity grants you cash, equity or other property (whether vested or unvested) to replace, substitute for or otherwise in respect of any Shares at Risk; provided, however, that your rights will only be terminated in respect of the Shares at Risk that are replaced, substituted for or otherwise considered by such other entity in making its grant.

(viii) Accounting Restatement Required Under Sarbanes-Oxley. GS Inc. is required to prepare an accounting restatement due to GS Inc.’s material noncompliance, as a result of misconduct, with any financial reporting requirement under the securities laws as described in Section 304(a) of Sarbanes-Oxley; provided, however, that your rights will only be terminated in respect of Shares at Risk to the same extent that would be required under Section 304(a) of Sarbanes-Oxley had you been a “chief executive officer” or “chief financial officer” of GS Inc. (regardless of whether you actually hold such position at the relevant time).]

REPAYMENT OF YOUR AWARD

10. When You May Be Required to Repay Your Award.

(a) Repayment Generally. If the Committee determines that any term of this Award was not satisfied, you will be required, immediately upon demand therefor, to repay to the Firm the following:

(i) Any Settlement Amount [(including any Shares at Risk)] for which the terms (including the terms for payment) of the related PSUs were not satisfied, in accordance with Section 2.6.3 of the Plan.

(ii) [Any Shares at Risk for which the terms (including the terms for the release of Transfer Restrictions) were not satisfied, in accordance with Section 2.5.3 of the Plan.]

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(iii) Any Dividend Equivalent Payments for which the terms were not satisfied (including any such payments made in respect of PSUs that are forfeited or any Settlement Amount that is required to be repaid), in accordance with Section 2.8.4 of the Plan.

(iv) [Any dividends paid in respect of any Shares at Risk that are cancelled or required to be repaid.]

(v) Any amount applied to satisfy tax withholding or other obligations with respect to any PSU, Settlement Amount [(including Shares at Risk), dividend payments] or Dividend Equivalent Payments that are forfeited or required to be repaid.

(b) Repayment Upon Materially Inaccurate Financial Statements. If any delivery is made under this Award Agreement based on materially inaccurate financial statements (which includes, but is not limited to, statements of earnings, revenues or gains) or other materially inaccurate performance criteria, you will be obligated to repay to the Firm, immediately upon demand therefor, any excess amount delivered, as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion.

(c) Repayment Upon Accounting Restatement Required Under Sarbanes-Oxley. If an event described in Paragraphs 9(a)(xii) and 9(b)(viii) (relating to a requirement under Sarbanes-Oxley that GS Inc. prepare an accounting restatement) occurs, any Settlement Amount [(including Shares at Risk), dividend payments], Dividend Equivalent Payments, cash or other property delivered, paid or withheld in respect of this Award will be subject to repayment as described in Paragraph 10(a) to the same extent that would be required under Section 304 of Sarbanes-Oxley had you been a “chief executive officer” or “chief financial officer” of GS Inc. (regardless of whether you actually hold such position at the relevant time).

TERMINATIONS OF EMPLOYMENT

11. PSUs and Termination of Employment.

(a) Employment Termination Generally. Unless the Committee determines otherwise, if your Employment terminates for any reason or you are otherwise no longer actively Employed with the Firm (which includes off-premises notice periods, “garden leaves,” pay in lieu of notice or any other similar status), the Performance Goal applicable to your Outstanding PSUs will continue to apply and the determination of the Settlement Amount will continue to be subject to whether or not, and to what extent, the Performance Goal has been achieved, in each case, as provided in Paragraph 6. All other terms of this Award Agreement, including the forfeiture and repayment events in Paragraphs 9 and 10, continue to apply.

(b) Death. If you die before the Settlement Date, the representative of your estate will, on the Settlement Date, receive delivery of the Settlement Amount and payment of the Dividend Equivalent Payments that, in each case, would have otherwise been made pursuant to Paragraph 6 [and any Transfer Restrictions on Shares at Risk will be cease to apply in accordance with Paragraph 12(b)], after such documentation as may be requested by the Committee is provided to the Committee. All other terms of this Award Agreement, including the forfeiture and repayment events in Paragraphs 9 and 10, continue to apply.

(c) Restrictions on Association with a Covered Enterprise Cease to Apply After an Involuntary or Mutual Agreement Termination. Paragraph 9(a)(i) (relating to forfeiture if you Associate With a Covered Enterprise) will not apply if (i) your Employment terminates and the Firm characterizes your Employment termination as “involuntary” or by “mutual agreement” and (ii) you execute a general

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waiver and release of claims and an agreement to pay any associated tax liability, in each case, in the form the Firm prescribes. No Employment termination that you initiate, including any purported “constructive termination,” a “termination for good reason” or similar concepts, can be “involuntary” or by “mutual agreement.” All other terms of this Award Agreement, including the other forfeiture and repayment events in Paragraphs 9 and 10, continue to apply.

12. [Accelerated Release of Transfer Restrictions on Shares at Risk in the Event of a Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control or Death. To the extent you receive delivery of Shares at Risk in connection with any Settlement Amount, in the event of your Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control or death, each as described below, your Shares at Risk will be treated as described in this Paragraph 12, and, except as set forth in Paragraph 12(a), all other terms of this Award Agreement, including the other forfeiture and repayment events in Paragraphs 9 and 10, continue to apply.

(a) You Have a Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control. If your Employment terminates when you meet the requirements of a Qualifying Termination After a Change in Control, any Transfer Restrictions will cease to apply to your Shares at Risk. In addition, the forfeiture events in Paragraph 9 will not apply to your Shares at Risk.

(b) Death. If you die, any Transfer Restrictions will cease to apply as soon as practicable after the date of death and after such documentation as may be requested by the Committee is provided to the Committee.]

OTHER TERMS, CONDITIONS AND AGREEMENTS

13. Additional Terms, Conditions and Agreements.

(a) You Must Satisfy Applicable Tax Withholding Requirements. Delivery of the Settlement Amount is conditioned on your satisfaction of any applicable withholding taxes in accordance with Section 6(k) of the LTIP and Section 3.2 of the Plan, which includes the Firm deducting or withholding amounts from any payment or distribution to you (which, notwithstanding Section 3.2.2 of the Plan, may exceed the statutory minimum rate if and to the extent determined by the Committee or the SIP Committee). To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Firm, in its sole discretion, may require you to provide amounts equal to all or a portion of any Federal, state, local, foreign or other tax obligations imposed on you or the Firm in connection with the grant or payment of this Award by requiring you to choose between remitting the amount (i) in cash (or through payroll deduction or otherwise) or (ii) in the form of proceeds from the Firm’s executing a sale of Shares delivered to you pursuant to this Award. In addition, if you are an individual with separate employment contracts (at any time on or after the Date of Grant), the Firm, in its sole discretion, may require you to provide for a reserve in an amount the Firm determines is advisable or necessary in connection with any actual, anticipated or potential tax consequences related to your separate employment contracts by requiring you to choose between remitting such amount (i) in cash (or through payroll deduction or otherwise) or (ii) in the form of proceeds from the Firm’s executing a sale of Shares delivered to you pursuant to this Award (or any other Outstanding awards granted under the Plan or any predecessor or successor plan thereto). In no event, however, does this Paragraph 13(a) give you any discretion to determine or affect the timing of delivery of the Settlement Amount or the timing of payment of tax obligations.

(b) [Firm May Deliver Cash or Other Property in Respect of the Settlement Amount. In accordance with Section 1.3.2(i) of the Plan, in the sole discretion of the Committee, in lieu of all or any portion of the Settlement Amount, the Firm may deliver cash, other securities, other awards under the Plan or other property, and all references in this Award Agreement to delivery of the Settlement Amount will include such deliveries of cash, other securities, other awards under the Plan or other property.

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(c) Amounts May Be Rounded to Avoid Fractional Shares. Shares at Risk subject to Transfer Restrictions may be rounded to avoid fractional Shares.

(d) You May Be Required to Become a Party to the Shareholders’ Agreement. Your rights to your PSUs are conditioned on your becoming a party to any shareholders’ agreement to which other similarly situated employees (e.g., employees with a similar title or position) of the Firm are required to be a party.

(e) Firm May Affix Legends and Place Stop Orders on Shares. GS Inc. may affix to Certificates representing Shares any legend that the Committee determines to be necessary or advisable (including to reflect any restrictions to which you may be subject under a separate agreement). GS Inc. may advise the transfer agent to place a stop order against any legended Shares.]

(f) You Agree to Certain Consents, Terms and Conditions. By accepting this Award you understand and agree that:

(i) You Agree to Certain Consents as a Condition to the Award. You have expressly consented to all of the items listed in Section 6(c)(ii) of the LTIP and Section 3.3.3(d) of the Plan, including the Firm’s supplying to any third-party recordkeeper of the LTIP or the Plan or other person such personal information of yours as the Committee deems advisable to administer the LTIP or the Plan, and you agree to provide any additional consents that the Committee determines to be necessary or advisable;

(ii) You Are Subject to the Firm’s Policies, Rules and Procedures. You are subject to the Firm’s policies in effect from time to time concerning trading in Shares and hedging or pledging Shares and equity-based compensation or other awards (including, without limitation, the Firm’s “Policies with Respect to Personal Transactions Involving GS Securities and GS Equity Awards” or any successor policies), and confidential or proprietary information[, and you will effect sales of Shares in accordance with such rules and procedures as may be adopted from time to time (which may include, without limitation, restrictions relating to the timing of sale requests, the manner in which sales are executed, pricing method, consolidation or aggregation of orders and volume limits determined by the Firm)];

(iii) [You Are Responsible for Costs Associated with Your Award. You will be responsible for all brokerage costs and other fees or expenses associated with your Shares at Risk, including those related to the sale of Shares;]

(iv) You Will Be Deemed to Represent Your Compliance with All the Terms of Your Award if You Accept Delivery. You will be deemed to have represented and certified that you have complied with all of the terms of the LTIP, the Plan and this Award Agreement when you accept payment in respect of your Award[, and you request the sale of Shares following the release of Transfer Restrictions on Shares at Risk];

(v) Firm May Make Deliveries into an Escrow Account. The Firm may establish and maintain an escrow account on such terms (which may include your executing any documents related to, and your paying for any costs associated with, such account) as it may deem necessary or appropriate, and the Settlement Amount may initially be delivered, and any Dividend Equivalent Payments may initially be paid, into and held in that escrow account until such time as the Committee has received such documentation as it may have requested or until the Committee has determined that any other conditions or restrictions on deliveries required by this Award Agreement have been satisfied;

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(vi) You May Be Required to Certify Compliance with Award Terms; You Are Responsible for Providing the Firm with Updated Address and Contact Information After Your Departure from the Firm. If your Employment terminates while you continue to hold PSUs[ or Shares at Risk], from time to time, you may be required to provide certifications of your compliance with all of the terms of the LTIP, the Plan and this Award Agreement as described in Paragraphs 9(a)(vi) and 9(b)(iv). You understand and agree that (A) your address on file with the Firm at the time any certification is required will be deemed to be your current address, (B) it is your responsibility to inform the Firm of any changes to your address to ensure timely receipt of the certification materials, (C) you are responsible for contacting the Firm to obtain such certification materials if not received and (D) your failure to return properly completed certification materials by the specified deadline (which includes your failure to timely return the completed certification because you did not provide the Firm with updated contact information) will result in the forfeiture of all of your PSUs[ or Shares at Risk] and subject previously delivered amounts to repayment under Paragraphs 9(a)(vi) and 9(b)(iv);

(vii) [You Authorize the Firm to Register, in Its or Its Designee’s Name, Any Shares at Risk and Sell, Assign or Transfer Any Forfeited Shares at Risk. You are granting to the Firm the full power and authority to register any Shares at Risk in its or its designee’s name and authorizing the Firm or its designee to sell, assign or transfer any Shares at Risk if you forfeit your Shares at Risk;]

(viii) You Must Comply with Applicable Deadlines and Procedures to Appeal Determinations Made by the Committee. In order to appeal a determination by the Committee, the SIP Committee, the SIP Administrators, or any of their delegates or designees, you must submit a written request for the appeal within 180 days after receipt of any such determination. You must exhaust all administrative remedies before seeking to resolve a dispute through arbitration pursuant to Paragraph 16, Section 6(h) of the LTIP and Section 3.17 of the Plan; and

(ix) You Agree that Covered Persons Will Not Have Liability. In addition to and without limiting the generality of the provisions of Section 2(e) of the LTIP and Section 1.3.5 of the Plan, neither the Firm nor any Covered Person will have any liability to you or any other person for any action taken or omitted in respect of this or any other Award.

14. Non-transferability. Except as otherwise may be provided in this Paragraph 14 or as otherwise may be provided by the Committee, the limitations on transferability set forth in Section 6(b) of the LTIP and Section 3.5 of the Plan will apply to this Award. Any purported transfer or assignment in violation of the provisions of this Paragraph 14, Section 6(b) of the LTIP or Section 3.5 of the Plan will be void. The Committee may adopt procedures pursuant to which some or all recipients of PSUs and Shares at Risk may transfer some or all of their PSUs[ or Shares at Risk (which will continue to be subject to Transfer Restrictions until the Transferability Date)] through a gift for no consideration to any immediate family member, a trust or other estate planning vehicle approved by the Committee or SIP Committee in which the recipient and/or the recipient’s immediate family members in the aggregate have 100% of the beneficial interest.

15. Right of Offset. Except as provided in Paragraph 18(d), the obligation to deliver the Settlement Amount[, pay dividends] or Dividend Equivalent Payments [or release Transfer Restrictions] under this Award Agreement is subject to Section 6(l) of the LTIP and Section 3.4 of the Plan, which provide for the Firm’s right to offset against such obligation any outstanding amounts you owe to the Firm and any amounts the Committee deems appropriate pursuant to any tax equalization policy or agreement.

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ARBITRATION, CHOICE OF FORUM AND GOVERNING LAW

16. Arbitration; Choice of Forum.

(a) BY ACCEPTING THIS AWARD, YOU ARE INDICATING THAT YOU UNDERSTAND AND AGREE THAT THE ARBITRATION AND CHOICE OF FORUM PROVISIONS SET FORTH IN SECTION 6(h) OF THE LTIP AND SECTION 3.17 OF THE PLAN WILL APPLY TO THIS AWARD. THESE PROVISIONS, WHICH ARE EXPRESSLY INCORPORATED HEREIN BY REFERENCE, PROVIDE AMONG OTHER THINGS THAT ANY DISPUTE, CONTROVERSY OR CLAIM BETWEEN THE FIRM AND YOU ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO OR CONCERNING THE LTIP, THE PLAN OR THIS AWARD AGREEMENT WILL BE FINALLY SETTLED BY ARBITRATION IN NEW YORK CITY, PURSUANT TO THE TERMS MORE FULLY SET FORTH IN SECTION 6(h) OF THE LTIP AND SECTION 3.17 OF THE PLAN; PROVIDED THAT NOTHING HEREIN SHALL PRECLUDE YOU FROM FILING A CHARGE WITH OR PARTICIPATING IN ANY INVESTIGATION OR PROCEEDING CONDUCTED BY ANY GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE SEC AND THE EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION.

(b) To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, no arbitrator will have the authority to consider class, collective or representative claims, to order consolidation or to join different claimants or grant relief other than on an individual basis to the individual claimant involved.

(c) Notwithstanding any applicable forum rules to the contrary, to the extent there is a question of enforceability of this Award Agreement arising from a challenge to the arbitrator’s jurisdiction or to the arbitrability of a claim, it will be decided by a court and not an arbitrator.

(d) All references to the New York Stock Exchange in Section 6(h) of the LTIP and Section 3.17 of the Plan will be read as references to the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.

(e) The Federal Arbitration Act governs interpretation and enforcement of all arbitration provisions under the LTIP, the Plan and this Award Agreement, and all arbitration proceedings thereunder.

(f) Nothing in this Award Agreement creates a substantive right to bring a claim under U.S. Federal, state, or local employment laws.

17. Governing Law. THIS AWARD WILL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, WITHOUT REGARD TO PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICT OF LAWS.

CERTAIN TAX PROVISIONS

18. Compliance of Award Agreement, the Plan and LTIP with Section 409A. The provisions of this Paragraph 18 apply to you only if you are a U.S. taxpayer.

(a) This Award Agreement, the Plan and the LTIP provisions that apply to this Award are intended and will be construed to comply with Section 409A (including the requirements applicable to, or the conditions for exemption from treatment as, 409A Deferred Compensation), whether by reason of short-term deferral treatment or other exceptions or provisions. The Committee will have full authority to give effect to this intent. To the extent necessary to give effect to this intent, in the case of any conflict or potential inconsistency between the provisions of the LTIP (including Section 2(b) thereof), the Plan (including Sections 1.3.2 and 2.1 thereof) and this Award Agreement, the provisions of this Award Agreement will govern, and in the case of any conflict or potential inconsistency between this Paragraph 18 and the other provisions of this Award Agreement, this Paragraph 18 will govern.

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(b) Settlement will not be delayed beyond the date on which all applicable conditions or restrictions on settlement in respect of your PSUs required by this Award Agreement (including those specified in Paragraph 11(c) (execution of waiver and release of claims agreement to pay associated tax liability) and the consents and other items specified in Section 3.3 of the Plan and Section 6(c) of the LTIP) are satisfied. To the extent that any portion of this Award is intended to satisfy the requirements for short-term deferral treatment under Section 409A, settlement in respect of such portion will occur by the March 15 coinciding with the last day of the applicable “short-term deferral” period described in Reg. § 1.409A-1(b)(4) in order for settlement to be within the short-term deferral exception unless, in order to permit all applicable conditions or restrictions on settlement to be satisfied, the Committee elects, pursuant to Reg. § 1.409A-1(b)(4)(i)(D) or otherwise as may be permitted in accordance with Section 409A, to delay settlement to a later date within the same calendar year or to such later date as may be permitted under Section 409A, including Reg. § 1.409A-2(b)(7) (in conjunction with Section 6(d) of the LTIP and Section 3.21.3 of the Plan pertaining to Code Section 162(m)) and Reg. § 1.409A-3(d). For the avoidance of doubt, if the Award includes a “series of installment payments” as described in Reg. § 1.409A-2(b)(2)(iii), your right to the series of installment payments will be treated as a right to a series of separate payments and not as a right to a single payment.

(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 1.3.2(i) of the Plan, to the extent necessary to comply with Section 409A, any delivery or payment [(including in the form of Shares at Risk or other property)] that the Firm may make in respect of your PSUs will not have the effect of deferring payment, delivery, income inclusion, or a substantial risk of forfeiture, beyond the date on which such payment, delivery or inclusion would occur or such risk of forfeiture would lapse, with respect to the payment or delivery that would otherwise have been made (unless the Committee elects a later date for this purpose pursuant to Reg. 1.409A-1(b)(4)(i)(D) or otherwise as may be permitted under Section 409A, including and to the extent applicable, the subsequent election provisions of Section 409A(a)(4)(C) of the Code and Reg. 1.409A-2(b)).

(d) Paragraph 15, Section 6(l) of the LTIP and Section 3.4 of the Plan will not apply to Awards that are 409A Deferred Compensation except to the extent permitted under Section 409A.

(e) Settlement in respect of any portion of the Award may be made, if and to the extent elected by the Committee, later than the relevant Settlement Date or other date or period specified hereinabove (but, in the case of any Award that constitutes 409A Deferred Compensation, only to the extent that the later payment or delivery, as applicable, is permitted under Section 409A).

(f) You understand and agree that you are solely responsible for the payment of any taxes and penalties due pursuant to Section 409A, but in no event will you be permitted to designate, directly or indirectly, the taxable year of the payment.

19. Compliance of Award Agreement and LTIP with Section 162(m). If you are or become considered by GS Inc. to be one of its “covered employees” within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code, then you will be subject to Section 6(d) of the LTIP and Section 3.21.3 of the Plan, as a result of which delivery of the Settlement Amount and payment of the Dividend Equivalent Payments may be delayed. In addition, to the extent provided in your Award Statement and, to the extent that Section 409A is applicable to you, consistent with Reg § 1.409A-2(b), the Firm may delay any Settlement Date.

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COMMITTEE AUTHORITY, AMENDMENT AND CONSTRUCTION

20. Committee Authority. The Committee has the authority to determine, in its sole discretion, that any event triggering forfeiture or repayment of your Award will not apply and to limit the forfeitures and repayments that result under Paragraphs 9 and 10[ and to remove Transfer Restrictions before the Transferability Date]. In addition, the Committee, in its sole discretion, may determine whether Paragraph 11(c) will apply upon a termination of Employment.

21. Amendment. The Committee reserves the right at any time to amend the terms of this Award Agreement, and the Board may amend the LTIP and the Plan in any respect; provided that, notwithstanding the foregoing and Sections 2(b)(vi), 2(b)(viii) and 6(a) of the LTIP and Sections 1.3.2(f), 1.3.2(h) and 3.1 of the Plan, no such amendment will materially adversely affect your rights and obligations under this Award Agreement without your consent; and provided further that the Committee expressly reserves its rights to amend the Award Agreement, the LTIP and the Plan as described in Section 2(b)(viii)(1) of the LTIP and Sections 1.3.2(h)(1), (2) and (4) of the Plan. A modification that impacts the tax consequences of this Award or the timing of delivery will not be an amendment that materially adversely affects your rights and obligations under this Award Agreement. Any amendment of this Award Agreement will be in writing.

22. Construction, Headings. Unless the context requires otherwise, (i) words describing the singular number include the plural and vice versa, (ii) words denoting any gender include all genders and (iii) the words “include,” “includes” and “including” will be deemed to be followed by the words “without limitation.” The headings in this Award Agreement are for the purpose of convenience only and are not intended to define or limit the construction of the provisions hereof. References in this Award Agreement to any specific Plan or LTIP provision will not be construed as limiting the applicability of any other Plan or LTIP provision.

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, GS Inc. has caused this Award Agreement to be duly executed and delivered as of the Date of Grant.

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.

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DEFINITIONS APPENDIX

The following capitalized terms are used in this Award Agreement with the following meanings:

(a) “409A Deferred Compensation” means a “deferral of compensation” or “deferred compensation” as those terms are defined in the regulations under Section 409A.

(b) “Associate With a Covered Enterprise” means that you (i) form, or acquire a 5% or greater equity ownership, voting or profit participation interest in, any Covered Enterprise or (ii) associate in any capacity (including association as an officer, employee, partner, director, consultant, agent or advisor) with any Covered Enterprise. Associate With a Covered Enterprise may include, as determined in the discretion of the Committee, (i) becoming the subject of any publicly available announcement or report of a pending or future association with a Covered Enterprise and (ii) unpaid associations, including an association in contemplation of future employment. “Association With a Covered Enterprise” will have its correlative meaning.

(c) “Covered Enterprise” means an existing or planned business enterprise that competes with the Firm (which, for this purpose means offering products or services that are the same as or similar to those offered by the Firm (“Firm Products or Services”)), or reasonably may be expected to do so. The enterprises covered by this definition include enterprises that offer Firm Products or Services directly, as well as those that do so indirectly by ownership or control (e.g., by owning, being owned by, or being under common ownership with an enterprise that offers Firm Products or Services). An enterprise will be treated as providing Firm Products or Services if, solely by way of example, it provides products or services associated with investment banking, public or private finance, lending, financial advisory services, private investing (for anyone other than you or your family members), private banking, commercial banking, merchant banking, asset or hedge fund management, insurance or reinsurance underwriting or brokerage, property management, or securities, futures, commodities, energy, derivatives or currency brokerage, sales, lending, custody, clearance, settlement or trading. A Competitive Enterprise is a Covered Enterprise. An enterprise that offers, or may reasonably be expected to offer, Firm Products or Services is a Covered Enterprise irrespective of whether the enterprise is a customer, client or counterparty of the Firm, and, because the Firm is a global enterprise, irrespective of where the Covered Enterprise is physically located.

(d) “Determination Date” means the date specified on your Award Statement as the date on which the Committee will determine whether or not, and to what extent, the Performance Goal was achieved for the Performance Period.

(e) “Dividend Equivalent Payments” means any payments made in respect of Dividend Equivalent Rights.

(f) “FDIC” means the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any successor thereto.

(g) “Failed to Consider Risk” means that you participated in the structuring or marketing of any product or service, or participated on behalf of the Firm or any of its clients in the purchase or sale of any security or other property, in any case without appropriate consideration of the risk to the Firm or the broader financial system as a whole (for example, where you have improperly analyzed such risk or where you have failed sufficiently to raise concerns about such risk) and, as a result of such action or omission, the Committee determines there has been, or reasonably could be expected to be, a material adverse impact on the Firm, your business unit or the broader financial system.

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(h) “Performance Goal” means the performance goal determined by the Committee that is specified on your Award Statement.

(i) “Performance Period” means the performance period determined by the Committee that is specified on your Award Statement.

(j) “Sarbanes-Oxley” means the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended.

(k) “SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

(l) “Section 409A” means Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, including any amendments or successor provisions to that Section and any regulations and other administrative guidance thereunder, in each case as they, from time to time, may be amended or interpreted through further administrative guidance.

(m) “Selected Firm Personnel” means any individual who is or in the three months preceding the conduct prohibited by Paragraph 9(a)(ii) was (i) a Firm employee or consultant with whom you personally worked while employed by the Firm, (ii) a Firm employee or consultant who, at any time during the year preceding the date of the termination of your Employment, worked in the same division in which you worked or (iii) an Advisory Director, a Managing Director or a Senior Advisor of the Firm.

(n) [“Settlement Amount” means an amount deliverable to you in respect of your PSUs (determined as described in the Award Statement).]

(o) [“Settlement Date” means the date that is specified on your Award Statement on which the Settlement Amount will be delivered.]

(p) “Share” means a share of Common Stock.

(q) [“Shares at Risk” means Shares that are subject to Transfer Restrictions.]

The following capitalized terms are used in this Award Agreement with the meanings that are assigned to them in the LTIP:

(a) “Board” means the Board of Directors of GS Inc.

(b) “Committee” means the committee appointed by the Board to administer the LTIP pursuant to Section 2(a) of the LTIP.

(c) “Covered Person” means a member of the Board or the Committee or any employee of the Firm.

(d) “Firm” means GS Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.

(e) “GS Inc.” means The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., and any successor thereto.

The following capitalized terms are used in this Award Agreement with the meanings that are assigned to them in The Goldman Sachs Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (2015):

(f) “Account” means any brokerage account, custody account or similar account, as approved or required by GS Inc. from time to time, into which shares of Common Stock, cash or other property in respect of an Award are delivered.

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(g) “Award Agreement” means the written document or documents by which each Award is evidenced, including any Award Statement.

(h) “Award Statement” means a written statement that reflects certain Award terms.

(i) “Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in New York City are authorized or obligated by Federal law or executive order to be closed.

(j) “Cause” means (i) the Grantee’s conviction, whether following trial or by plea of guilty or nolo contendere (or similar plea), in a criminal proceeding (A) on a misdemeanor charge involving fraud, false statements or misleading omissions, wrongful taking, embezzlement, bribery, forgery, counterfeiting or extortion, or (B) on a felony charge, or (C) on an equivalent charge to those in clauses (A) and (B) in jurisdictions which do not use those designations, (ii) the Grantee’s engaging in any conduct which constitutes an employment disqualification under applicable law (including statutory disqualification as defined under the Exchange Act), (iii) the Grantee’s willful failure to perform the Grantee’s duties to the Firm, (iv) the Grantee’s violation of any securities or commodities laws, any rules or regulations issued pursuant to such laws, or the rules and regulations of any securities or commodities exchange or association of which the Firm is a member, (v) the Grantee’s violation of any Firm policy concerning hedging or pledging or confidential or proprietary information, or the Grantee’s material violation of any other Firm policy as in effect from time to time, (vi) the Grantee’s engaging in any act or making any statement which impairs, impugns, denigrates, disparages or negatively reflects upon the name, reputation or business interests of the Firm or (vii) the Grantee’s engaging in any conduct detrimental to the Firm. The determination as to whether Cause has occurred shall be made by the Committee in its sole discretion and, in such case, the Committee also may, but shall not be required to, specify the date such Cause occurred (including by determining that a prior termination of Employment was for Cause). Any rights the Firm may have hereunder and in any Award Agreement in respect of the events giving rise to Cause shall be in addition to the rights the Firm may have under any other agreement with a Grantee or at law or in equity.

(k) “Client” means any client or prospective client of the Firm to whom the Grantee provided services, or for whom the Grantee transacted business, or whose identity became known to the Grantee in connection with the Grantee’s relationship with or employment by the Firm.

(l) “Common Stock” means common stock of GS Inc., par value $0.01 per share.

(m) “Competitive Enterprise” means an existing or planned business enterprise that (i) engages, or may reasonably be expected to engage, in any activity, (ii) owns or controls, or may reasonably be expected to own or control, a significant interest in or (iii) is, or may reasonably be expected to be, owned by, or a significant interest in which is, or may reasonably expected to be, owned or controlled by, any entity that engages in any activity that, in any case, competes or will compete anywhere with any activity in which the Firm is engaged. The activities covered by this definition include, without limitation, financial services such as investment banking, public or private finance, lending, financial advisory services, private investing (for anyone other than the Grantee and members of the Grantee’s family), merchant banking, asset or hedge fund management, insurance or reinsurance underwriting or brokerage, property management, or securities, futures, commodities, energy, derivatives or currency brokerage, sales, lending, custody, clearance, settlement or trading.

(n) “Date of Grant” means the date specified in the Grantee’s Award Agreement as the date of grant of the Award.

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(o) “Dividend Equivalent Right” means a dividend equivalent right granted under the Plan, which represents an unfunded and unsecured promise to pay to the Grantee amounts equal to all or any portion of the regular cash dividends that would be paid on shares of Common Stock covered by an Award if such shares had been delivered pursuant to an Award.

(p) “Employment” means the Grantee’s performance of services for the Firm, as determined by the Committee. The terms “employ” and “employed” shall have their correlative meanings. The Committee in its sole discretion may determine (i) whether and when a Grantee’s leave of absence results in a termination of Employment (for this purpose, unless the Committee determines otherwise, a Grantee shall be treated as terminating Employment with the Firm upon the occurrence of an Extended Absence), (ii) whether and when a change in a Grantee’s association with the Firm results in a termination of Employment and (iii) the impact, if any, of any such leave of absence or change in association on Awards theretofore made. Unless expressly provided otherwise, any references in the Plan or any Award Agreement to a Grantee’s Employment being terminated shall include both voluntary and involuntary terminations.

(q) “Grantee” means a person who receives an Award.

(r) “Outstanding” means any Award to the extent it has not been forfeited, cancelled, terminated, exercised or with respect to which the shares of Common Stock underlying the Award have not been previously delivered or other payments made.

(s) “RSU” means a restricted stock unit Award granted under the Plan, which represents an unfunded and unsecured promise to deliver shares of Common Stock in accordance with the terms of the RSU Award Agreement.

(t) “Section 409A” means Section 409A of the Code, including any amendments or successor provisions to that Section and any regulations and other administrative guidance thereunder, in each case as they, from time to time, may be amended or interpreted through further administrative guidance.

(u) “SIP Administrator” means each person designated by the Committee as a “SIP Administrator” with the authority to perform day-to-day administrative functions for the Plan.

(v) “SIP Committee” means the persons who have been delegated certain authority under the Plan by the Committee.

(w) “Solicit” means any direct or indirect communication of any kind whatsoever, regardless of by whom initiated, inviting, advising, encouraging or requesting any person or entity, in any manner, to take or refrain from taking any action.

(x) [“Transfer Restrictions” means restrictions that prohibit the sale, exchange, transfer, assignment, pledge, hypothecation, fractionalization, hedge or other disposal (including through the use of any cash-settled instrument), whether voluntarily or involuntarily by the Grantee, of an Award or any shares of Common Stock, cash or other property delivered in respect of an Award.]

(y) [“Transferability Date” means the date Transfer Restrictions on a Restricted Share will be released. Within 30 Business Days after the applicable Transferability Date, GS Inc. shall take, or shall cause to be taken, such steps as may be necessary to remove Transfer Restrictions.]

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(z) “Vested” means, with respect to an Award, the portion of the Award that is not subject to a condition that the Grantee remain actively employed by the Firm in order for the Award to remain Outstanding. The fact that an Award becomes Vested shall not mean or otherwise indicate that the Grantee has an unconditional or nonforfeitable right to such Award, and such Award shall remain subject to such terms, conditions and forfeiture provisions as may be provided for in the Plan or in the Award Agreement.

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EX-10.60

EXHIBIT 10.60

The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.

SIGNATURE CARD FOR              AWARDS

AND CONSENT TO RECEIVE ELECTRONIC DELIVERY

IMPORTANT: PLEASE REVIEW, EXECUTE AND RETURN THIS FORM TO: EQUITY COMPENSATION

(DIVISION OF HCM), 200 WEST STREET, 25^TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10282.

YOU MUST PROPERLY EXECUTE THIS FORM TO ACKNOWLEDGE ACCEPTANCE OF THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF YOUR AWARD(S) AND RELATED MATTERS.

1. I have received and agree to be bound by The Goldman Sachs Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (2015) (the “SIP”) and the Award Agreement(s) applicable to me in connection with the              Award(s) (the “Award(s)”) that I have been granted by the Firm (as defined in the SIP). I confirm that I am accepting the Award(s) subject to the terms and conditions contained in the SIP, the Award Agreement(s), and this signature card (the “Signature Card”), including, but not limited to, the requirement that certain disputes be decided through arbitration in New York City and be governed by New York law. For the avoidance of doubt, references to a “share” or “Share” herein mean a share of the common stock of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (“GS Inc.”) and, where applicable, deliveries of cash or other property in lieu thereof.

For the avoidance of doubt, I understand and agree that to be eligible to receive any award under the SIP or any predecessor plan, I must not have engaged in any conduct constituting “Cause” (as defined in the SIP) prior to the grant of the award, and by accepting this Award, I represent and warrant that I have not engaged in any conduct constituting Cause.

As a condition of this grant, I understand that the Award(s) (as well as any other award that the Firm may grant to me under the SIP) is/are subject to other governing law provisions (as outlined in this Signature Card, in the current or otherwise then current Award Summary (as defined below) or otherwise as may be required under applicable law) and, as a condition to receiving such awards, I agree to be bound thereby. I also understand that the Firm may grant to me other awards under the SIP that also may contain (among other terms and conditions) arbitration and other governing law provisions and, as a condition to receiving such awards, I agree to be bound thereby. As a condition of this grant, I agree to provide upon request an appropriate certification regarding my U.S. tax status on Form W-8BEN, Form W-9, or other appropriate form, and I understand that failure to supply a required form may result in the imposition of backup withholding on certain payments I receive pursuant to this grant.

I understand and acknowledge that I am agreeing to arbitrate all claims relating to the SIP in accordance with the arbitration procedure set forth in the SIP and the Award Agreement(s). If I am employed in the U.S. or if I am otherwise subject to U.S. Federal, State, or local employment laws, I further agree to arbitrate, in accordance with the SIP-related arbitration procedure and to the fullest extent permitted by law, all claims arising out of or relating to my employment with the Firm or the termination thereof, or otherwise concerning any rights,

obligations or other aspects of my employment relationship with the Firm (collectively, “Employment-Related Matters”); provided that nothing herein shall preclude me from filing a charge with or participating in any investigation or proceeding conducted by any governmental authority, including but not limited to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. I agree that all provisions in the SIP (specifically Section 3.17 thereof) and any applicable Award Agreements that relate to arbitration and SIP-related dispute resolution (including without limitation the provisions concerning New York choice of law and New York City choice of forum) shall be applicable to resolution of disputes concerning Employment-Related Matters; provided, however, that Employment-Related Matters that do not relate to the SIP need not be presented to the Committee or the SIP Committee (each, as defined in the SIP) prior to being submitted to arbitration. None of the SIP, the Award Agreement(s), or this Signature Card includes an agreement to arbitrate claims (whether they are claims relating to Employment-Related Matters or otherwise) on a collective, class or representative basis. I explicitly agree that, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, no arbitrator shall have the authority to consider class, collective or representative claims, to order consolidation or to join different claimants or grant relief other than on an individual basis to the individual claimant involved and that, notwithstanding any applicable forum rules to the contrary, to the extent there is a question of enforceability of this agreement arising from a challenge to the arbitrator’s jurisdiction or to the arbitrability of a claim, it shall be decided by a court and not an arbitrator. I also understand and agree that all references to the New York Stock Exchange in Section 3.17 of the SIP shall be read as references to the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority and that, for the avoidance of doubt, the Federal Arbitration Act governs interpretation and enforcement of all arbitration provisions under the SIP and this Signature Card, and all arbitration proceedings thereunder. I understand and agree that nothing herein creates a substantive right to bring a claim under U.S. Federal, State, or local employment laws. To the extent that I have entered into any prior agreement with the Firm requiring me to arbitrate certain claims, including Employment-Related Matters, I understand and agree to continue to be bound by my obligation to arbitrate all such claims, including, but not limited to, under any agreement in connection with my receipt of year-end equity awards in prior years.

I irrevocably grant full power and authority to GS Inc. to register in its name, or that of any designee, any and all Restricted Shares (as defined in the applicable Award

Agreement), Shares at Risk (as defined in the applicable Award Agreement) or other shares of GS Inc. common stock that have been or may be delivered to me subject to transfer restrictions or forfeiture provisions, and I irrevocably authorize GS Inc., or its designee, to sell, assign or transfer such shares to GS Inc. or such other persons as it may determine in the event of a forfeiture of such shares pursuant to any agreement with GS Inc.

Further, as a condition of this grant, if I am a person who has worked in the United Kingdom at any time during the earnings period relating to any award under the SIP, as determined by the Firm, when requested and as directed by the Firm, I will agree to a Joint Election under s431 ITEPA 2003 of the laws of the United Kingdom for full or partial disapplication of Chapter 2 Income Tax (Earnings and Pension) Act 2003 under the laws of the United Kingdom and will sign and return such election in respect of all future deliveries of Shares underlying the Award(s) and any previous grants made to me under the SIP and understand that the Firm intends to meet its delivery obligations in Shares with respect to my Award(s), except as may be prohibited by law or described in the accompanying Award Agreement(s) or supplementary materials.

If I have worked in Switzerland at any time during the earnings period relating to the Award(s) granted to me as determined by the Firm, (i) I acknowledge that my Award(s) are subject to tax in accordance with the rulings and method of calculation of taxable values to be agreed by the Firm with the Federal and/or Zurich/Geneva cantonal/communal tax authorities or as otherwise directed by the Firm, and (ii) I hereby agree to be bound by any rulings agreed by the Firm in respect of any Award(s), which is expected to result in taxation at the time of delivery of Shares, and (iii) I undertake to declare and make a full and accurate income tax declaration in respect of my Award(s) in accordance with the above ruling or as directed by the Firm.

2. I have read and understand the Firm’s “Notice Periods for Recipients of Year-End Equity-Based Awards” policy (the “Notice Policy”) available through the HR Workways^® link on GSWeb or as otherwise provided to me, pursuant to which I am required to provide certain specified advance notice of my intent to leave employment with the Firm. By executing this form, I am agreeing to be bound by the Notice Policy as in effect from time to time and, where applicable, am agreeing to a permanent change in the terms and conditions of my employment. I agree to this change in consideration of my continued employment with the Firm and the Firm’s offer of the Award(s). I understand that the Notice Policy requires me, among other things, to provide my employing entity with advance written notice of my intention to leave employment with the Firm as follows:

• In the Americas: 60 days in advance of my termination date;

• In Europe, the Middle East, Africa and India: 90 days in advance of my termination date; and

• In Japan and Asia Ex-Japan (including Australia and New Zealand and excluding India): 90 days in advance of my termination date if I am a Vice President or an Executive Director; 60 days in advance of my termination date in all other cases.

If, under local law or my contract of employment (for example, a Managing Director Agreement), I have a notice requirement that is longer than those specified above, I understand that the longer notice period will apply. I also understand that if my employment is subject to a probation period, the Notice Policy applies only if notice of termination is given after the probation period has ended.

I understand that if I fail to comply in any respect with the Notice Policy, I will have failed to meet an obligation I have under an agreement with the Firm, as a result of which the Firm may have certain legal and equitable rights and remedies, including, without limitation, forfeiture of the Award(s) and any other awards granted to me under the SIP. The Firm may forfeit such Award(s) for violation of the Notice Policy irrespective of whether this agreement constitutes a legally recognized permanent change to my terms and conditions of employment, and irrespective of whether applicable law permits me to make a payment in lieu of notice. In addition, the Firm may seek an order or injunction from a court or arbitration panel to stop a breach and may also seek other permissible remedies. The Firm may hold me personally liable for any damages it suffers as a result of the breach.

This agreement concerning my notice period is being made for and on behalf of my Goldman Sachs employing entity, and implementation of the Notice Policy does not create an employment relationship between me and GS Inc.

3. I have read and understand the Firm’s hedging and pledging policies (including, without limitation, the Firm’s “Policies with Respect to Personal Transactions Involving GS Securities and GS Equity Awards”), and agree to be bound by them (with respect to the Award(s) and any prior awards under the SIP), both during and following my employment with the Firm.

4. As a condition to this grant, I agree to open and activate any brokerage, trust, sub-trust, custody or similar account (an “Account”), as required or approved by the Firm in its sole discretion. I agree to access, review, execute and be bound by any agreements that govern any such Account, including any provisions that provide for the applicable restrictions on transfers, pledges and withdrawals of Shares, permitting the Firm to monitor any such Account, and the limitations on the liability of the party (which may not be affiliated with the Firm) providing the Account and the Firm. I understand and agree that the Firm may direct the transfer of securities, cash or other assets in my Account to the Firm in connection with any indebtedness or any other obligation that I have to the Firm, as determined by the Firm in its sole discretion, however such obligation may have arisen. I also agree to open an Account with any other custodian, broker, trustee, transfer agent or similar party selected by the Firm, if the Firm, in its sole

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discretion, requires me to open an account with such custodian, broker, trustee, transfer agent or similar party as a condition to delivery of Shares underlying the Award(s).

5. If the Firm advanced or loaned me funds to pay certain taxes (including income taxes and Social Security, or similar contributions) in connection with the Award(s) (or does so in the future), and if I have not signed a separate loan agreement governing repayment, I authorize the Firm to withhold from my compensation any amounts required to reimburse it for any such advance or loan to the extent permitted by applicable law.

I understand and agree that, if I leave the Firm, I am required immediately to repay any outstanding amount. I further understand and agree that the Firm has the right to offset, to the extent permitted by the Award Agreement and applicable law (including Section 409A of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, which limits the Firm’s ability to offset in the case of United States taxpayers under certain circumstances), any outstanding amounts that I then owe the Firm against its delivery obligations under the Award(s), against any obligations to remove restrictions and/or other terms and conditions in respect of any Restricted Shares or Shares at Risk (each as defined in the applicable Award Agreement) or against any other amounts the Firm then owes me, including payments of dividends or dividend equivalent payments. I understand that the delivery of Shares pursuant to the Award(s) is conditioned on my satisfaction of any applicable taxes or Social Security contributions (collectively referred to as “tax” or “taxes” for purposes of the SIP and all related documents) in accordance with the SIP. To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Firm, in its sole discretion, may require me to provide amounts equal to all or a portion of any Federal, State, local, foreign or other tax obligations imposed on me or the Firm in connection with the grant, vesting or delivery of the Award(s) by requiring me to choose between remitting such amount (i) in cash (or through payroll deduction or otherwise), (ii) in the form of proceeds from the Firm’s executing a sale of Shares delivered to me pursuant to the Award(s) or (iii) as otherwise permitted in the Award Agreement(s). However, in no event shall any such choice or the choice specified in paragraph 6, below, determine, or give me any discretion to affect, the timing of the delivery of Shares or payment of tax obligations.

6. If I am an individual with separate employment contracts (at any time during and/or after             ), I acknowledge and agree that the Firm may, in its sole discretion, require (to the extent permitted by applicable law) that I provide for a reserve in an amount the Firm determines is advisable or necessary in connection with any actual, anticipated or potential tax consequences related to my separate employment contracts by requiring me to choose between remitting such amount (i) in cash (or through payroll deductions or otherwise) or (ii) in the form of proceeds from the Firm’s executing a sale of Shares delivered to me pursuant to the Award(s) (or any other of my awards outstanding under the SIP).

7. In connection with any Award Agreement or other interest I may receive in the SIP or any Shares that I may receive in

connection with the Award(s) or any award I have previously received or may receive, or in connection with any amendment or variation thereof or any documents listed in paragraph 8, I hereby consent to (a) the acceptance by me of the Award(s) electronically, (b) the giving of instructions in electronic form whether by me or the Firm, and (c) the receipt in electronic form at my email address maintained at Goldman Sachs or via Goldman Sachs’ intranet site (or, if I am no longer employed by the Firm, at such other email address as I may specify, or via such other electronic means as the Firm and I may agree) all notices and information that the Firm is required by law to send to me in connection therewith including, without limitation, any document (or part thereof) constituting part of a prospectus covering securities that have been registered under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, the information contained in any such document and any information required to be delivered to me under Rule 428 of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, including, for example, the annual report to security holders or the annual report on Form 10-K of GS Inc. for its latest fiscal year, and that all prior elections that I may have made relating to the delivery of any such document in physical form are hereby revoked and superseded. I agree to check Goldman Sachs’ intranet site (or, if I am no longer employed by the Firm, such other electronic site as notified to me by the Firm) periodically as I deem appropriate for any new notices or information concerning the SIP. I understand that I am not required to consent to the receipt of such documents in electronic form in order to receive the Award(s) and that I may decline to receive such documents in electronic form by contacting Equity Compensation (division of HCM), 200 West Street, 25^th Floor, New York, NY 10282, telephone (212) 357-1444, which will provide me with hard copies of such documents upon request. I also understand that this consent is voluntary and may be revoked at any time on three business days’ written notice.

8. I hereby acknowledge that I have received in electronic form in accordance with my consent in paragraph 7 the following documents:

• The Goldman Sachs Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (2015);

• Summary of The Goldman Sachs Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (2015);

• The annual report on Form 10-K for The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. for the fiscal year ended December 31,             ;

• The Award Agreement(s); and

• Summaries of the Award(s) (“Award Summary”).

9. I expressly authorize any appropriate representative of the Firm to make any notifications, filings or remittances of funds that may be required in connection with the SIP or otherwise on my behalf. Further, if I am an employee who is resident in South Africa at a relevant time, by accepting my Award(s), I expressly authorize any appropriate representative of the Firm to make any required notification on my behalf to the Financial Surveillance Department of the South African Reserve Bank (or its authorized dealer) in relation to my participation in the SIP

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and to any acquisition of Shares for no consideration under the SIP or other similar filing that may otherwise be required in South Africa. I acknowledge that any such authorization is effective from the date of acceptance of my Award(s) until such time as I expressly revoke the authorization by written notice to any appropriate representative of the Firm. I understand that this authorization does not create any obligation on the Firm to deal with any such notifications, filings or remittances of funds that I may be required to make in connection with the SIP and I accept full responsibility in this regard.

10. The granting of the Award(s), the delivery of the underlying Shares and any subsequent dividends or dividend equivalent payments, and the receipt of any proceeds in connection with the Award(s) may result in legal or regulatory requirements in some jurisdictions. I understand and agree that it is my responsibility to ensure that I comply with any legal or regulatory requirements in respect of the Award(s).

11. I confirm that I have filed all tax returns that I am required to file and paid all taxes I am required to pay with respect to awards previously granted to me by the Firm, and I agree, with respect to both the Award(s) as well as awards previously granted to me by the Firm, to file all tax returns I am required to file in connection with the Award(s) and any sales of any Shares or other property delivered pursuant to the Award(s) and to pay all taxes I am required to pay.

12. The goodwill associated with the relationships between the Firm and its clients and prospective clients is a valuable asset of the Firm that is built and preserved through the combined services and efforts of the Firm and all of its personnel. The Firm provides its employees with a unique platform of financial products and services, confidential and proprietary information, professional training, access to specialized expertise, research, analytical, operational, and business development support, travel and entertainment expenses and other valuable resources to build and enhance the goodwill associated with the relationships between the Firm and its clients, as well as to foster and establish such relationships with prospective clients. Accordingly, I acknowledge and agree that (i) because the Firm contributes valuable resources to build and enhance client relationships, including those for which I provide services, it has a legitimate and essential business interest in protecting the goodwill associated with those relationships; (ii) by my continued employment, I confirm that I have assigned and will assign to the Firm all goodwill I have developed or will develop with persons or entities with whom I interact while at the Firm and/or who are or will become clients or prospective clients of the Firm in connection with my employment with the Firm, even if I did business with such persons or entities prior to joining the Firm; and (iii) while at the Firm I do not have and will not acquire any property, proprietary, contractual or other legal right or interest whatsoever in or to any client or prospective client with whom I interact or conduct business while employed by the Firm or (except to the extent otherwise provided in a written agreement between the Firm and me that governs my compensation) to any current or prospective revenues associated with such client or prospective client (all

such interests being referred to herein as “Intangible Interests”). For the avoidance of doubt, I am hereby assigning all Intangible Interests to the Firm. I acknowledge and agree that my compensation during the term of my employment with the Firm is adequate financial consideration in this regard, and that no further consideration is necessary (including in respect of obligations applicable to me after my employment with the Firm has ended).

Consent to Data Collection, Processing and Transfers:

I understand and agree that in connection with the SIP and any other Firm benefit plan (the “Programs”), to the extent permitted under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction, the Firm may collect, process, transfer/transmit (internationally), and use various data that is personal to me, and that my data might be deemed sensitive personal data in certain jurisdictions, including but not limited to my name, address, work location, hire date, Social Security or Social Insurance or taxpayer identification number (required for tax purposes), type and amount of SIP or other benefit plan award, citizenship or residency (required for tax purposes) and other similar information reasonably necessary for the administration of such Programs (collectively referred to as “Information”) and provide such Information to its affiliates, Computershare Limited and its affiliates (collectively “Computershare”) and Fidelity Stock Plan Services, LLC, Fidelity Personal Trust Company, FSB and any of their affiliates (collectively “Fidelity”) or any other service provider, whether in the United States or elsewhere, as is reasonably necessary for the administration of the Programs and under the laws of these jurisdictions. I understand that, in certain circumstances, where required by law, foreign courts, law enforcement agencies or regulatory agencies may be entitled to access the Information. I understand that, unless I explicitly authorize otherwise, the Firm, its affiliates and its service providers (through their respective employees in charge of the relevant electronic and manual processing) will collect, process, transfer/transmit (internationally), and use this Information only for purposes of administering the Programs. I understand that, in the United States and in other countries to which such Information may be transferred for the administration of the Programs, the level of data protection is not equivalent to data protection standards in the member states of the European Economic Area, Switzerland, Canada or certain Canadian provinces or my home country and that U.S. public authorities may potentially access such Information. If I am employed in Monaco, Spain or Argentina, I have also read the text in bold in the respective Monaco, Spain or Argentina legal notice below in conjunction with this Consent to Data Collection, Processing and Transfers clause and I understand that such text forms part of this clause and that in the event of any inconsistency such text shall prevail over this clause. I understand that, upon request to Equity Compensation (division of HCM), 200 West Street, 25^th Floor, New York, NY 10282, telephone (212) 357-1444, email EquityCompensation@ny.email.gs.com, to the extent

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required under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction, I may have access to and obtain communication of the Information and may exercise any of my rights in respect of such Information, in each case free of charge, including objecting to the collecting, processing, (international) transfer/transmission, and any use of the Information and requesting that the Information be updated or corrected (if wrong), completed or clarified (if incomplete or equivocal), or erased (if cannot legally be collected or kept). Upon request, to the extent required under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction, Equity Compensation (division of HCM) will also provide me, free of charge, with a list of all the service providers used in connection with the Programs at the time of request. I understand that there is no legal obligation for me to provide the Firm with the Information and any Information is provided at my own will and consent. I understand that, if I refuse to authorize the collecting, processing, use and (international) transfer/transmission of the Information consistent with the above, I may not benefit from the Programs. I authorize the collecting, processing, use and (international) transfer/transmission of the Information consistent with the above for the period of administration of the Programs. In particular, I authorize (within the limits described above): (i) the data processing by the Firm (which means GS Inc. and any of its subsidiaries and affiliates); (ii) the data processing by Fidelity or Computershare; (iii) the data processing by the Firm’s other service providers; and (iv) the data transfer to the United States and other countries, as described above for the purposes set forth herein. A list of the Firm’s international offices and countries to which data that is personal to me can be transferred is set forth at http://www2.goldmansachs.com/who-we-are/locations/index.html. I further acknowledge that the Information may be retained by the aforementioned persons beyond the period of administration of the Programs to the extent permitted under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction and I so authorize.

FOR ALL NON-U.S. EMPLOYEES

By accepting (whether expressly or by implication) any benefit granted to you by GS Inc., including without limitation your Award(s), you acknowledge and agree to each of the following:

• Country-Specific Legal Notices: You have read the country-specific legal notices below that pertain to your place of employment and/or residence (and also the location of your employer, if different), if any, and understand that they apply throughout the term of your Award(s).

• No Public Offer: Awards under the SIP and the Firm’s other compensation and benefit programs are strictly limited to eligible participants and are not intended to constitute a public offer in any jurisdiction, nor intended for registration in any

jurisdiction outside of the U.S. You should keep all Award-related documents confidential and you may not reproduce, distribute or otherwise make public any part of such documents without GS Inc.’s express written consent. If you have received any such documents and you are not the intended recipient, please disregard and destroy them.

• Transferability: Any provisions permitting transfers to a third party in the Award documents will not apply to you (i) to the extent that the applicability of those provisions would affect the availability of relevant exemptions or tax favorable treatment, or (ii) otherwise in circumstances determined by the Firm in its sole discretion from time to time.

• Adequate Information: You acknowledge that you (i) have been provided with all relevant information and materials with respect to the Firm’s operations and financial conditions and the terms and conditions of your Award(s), (ii) have read and understood such information and materials, (iii) are fully aware and knowledgeable of the terms and conditions of your Award(s), and (iv) completely and voluntarily agree to the terms and conditions of your Award(s).

• Independent Advice Recommended: The information provided by the Firm or its service providers in respect of an Award does not take into account the individual circumstances of recipients and does not constitute investment advice. Awards under the SIP involve certain risks and you should exercise caution. The Firm recommends that you consult your own independent legal, financial and tax advisors in all cases, and you acknowledge that you are provided with adequate opportunity to do so.

• No Employer Involvement: Except to the extent required by applicable law, all Awards are offered, issued and administered by GS Inc., a Delaware corporation, and your employer is not involved in the grant of your Award(s) or any other GS Inc. equity compensation. All documents related to the Awards, including the SIP, the Award Agreement, this Signature Card and the link by which you access these documents, are originated and maintained in the United States.

• No Effect on Employment-Related Rights: Any compensation you receive (even on a regular and repeated basis) in connection with the SIP is discretionary and does not constitute part of your base or normal salary or wages. It does not affect your rights and obligations under the terms of your employment and it will not be taken into account (except to the extent otherwise required by applicable law) in determining any other employment-related rights you may have, including without limitation rights in relation to severance, redundancy or end-of-

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service payments, bonuses, long-service awards, pension or retirement benefits. In particular you waive any and all rights to compensation or damages in consequence of the termination of your employment for any reason whatsoever insofar as those rights arise or may arise from your ceasing to have rights under, or be entitled to receive payment in respect of, the SIP as a result of such termination, or from the loss or diminution in value of such rights or entitlements. This waiver applies whether or not such termination amounts to wrongful or unfair dismissal.

• No Additional Entitlements: The grant of an Award is strictly discretionary and voluntary and neither this Award (even if Award grants are made to you on a regular and repeated basis) nor your employment contract implies any expectation or right in relation to (i) the grant of any Award or similar compensation in the future, (ii) the terms, conditions and amount of any Award or similar compensation that GS Inc. may decide to grant in future, or (iii) continued employment in connection with any Award.

• Translations: The official Award documents (including contracts and communications) are in the English language. You are responsible for ensuring that you fully understand these documents. The English version of the documents will always prevail in the event of any inconsistency with translated or interpreted documents.

• Severability: If any provision (in whole or in part) of this Signature Card or the other Award documents is to any extent illegal, otherwise invalid, or incapable of being enforced, that provision will be excluded to the extent (only) of such invalidity or unenforceability. All other provisions will remain in full effect and, to the extent possible, the invalid or unenforceable provision will be deemed replaced by a provision that is valid and enforceable and that comes closest to expressing the intention of such invalid or unenforceable provision.

[NON-COMPETITION AND NON-SOLICITATION RESTRICTIONS FOR EMPLOYEES PROVIDING SERVICES IN ASIA

In addition to and without limiting any provisions in the SIP or the applicable Award Agreement(s) (including without limitation the Award vesting, delivery, forfeiture, termination or repayment provisions) unless provided otherwise in the Restrictions, if I am providing services to the Firm in Asia or to BGH, in view of my importance to the Firm and/or BGH, I hereby agree to and acknowledge the following:

(a) I hereby agree that the Firm or BGH would likely suffer significant harm from me competing with the Firm or BGH for some period of time after my employment ends. Accordingly, I

hereby agree that I will not, without the written consent of the Firm or BGH, during the Restricted Period in the Geographic Area:

(i) form, or acquire a 5% or greater equity ownership, voting or profit participation interest in, any Covered Enterprise; or

(ii) associate (including, but not limited to, association as an officer, employee, partner, director, consultant, agent or advisor) with any Covered Enterprise and in connection with such association engage in, or directly or indirectly manage or supervise personnel engaged in, any activity:

A. which is similar or substantially related to any activity in which I was engaged, in whole or in part, at the Firm or BGH,

B. for which I had direct or indirect managerial or supervisory responsibility at the Firm or BGH, or

C. which calls for the application of the same or similar specialized knowledge or skills as those utilized by me in my activities with the Firm or BGH,

each such activity being determined with reference to the one-year period immediately prior to the end of the Asia Service Period, and, in each such case, irrespective of the purpose of the activity or whether the activity is or was in furtherance of advisory, agency, proprietary or fiduciary business of either the Firm or BGH or the Covered Enterprise.

(By way of example only, this provision precludes an “advisory” investment banker from joining a leveraged-buyout firm, a research analyst from becoming a proprietary trader or joining a hedge fund, or an information systems professional from joining a management or other consulting firm and providing information technology consulting services or advice to any Covered Enterprise, in each case without the written consent of the Firm or BGH.)

(b) I hereby agree that during the Restricted Period, I will not, in any manner, directly or indirectly, (1) Solicit a Client to transact business with a Covered Enterprise or to reduce or refrain from doing any business with the Firm or BGH, or (2) interfere with or damage (or attempt to interfere with or damage) any relationship between the Firm or BGH and a Client.

(c) I hereby agree that during the Restricted Period, I will not, in any manner, directly or indirectly:

(i) Solicit any Selected Firm Personnel to resign from the Firm or BGH;

(ii) Solicit any Selected Firm Personnel to apply for or accept employment (or other association) with any person or entity other than the Firm; or

(iii) hire or participate in the hiring of any Selected Firm Personnel (whether as an employee, consultant, or otherwise) by any person or entity other than the Firm (including, without limitation, participating in the identification of individuals for potential hire, and participating in any hiring decision).

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I acknowledge that I will have violated this provision if, during the Restricted Period, any Selected Firm Personnel are Solicited or hired:

(i) by any entity which I form, which bears my name, or in which I possess or control greater than a de minimis equity ownership, voting or profit participation; or

(ii) by any entity, and I have, or will have, direct or indirect managerial responsibility for such Selected Firm Personnel.

(d) I acknowledge and agree that these Restrictions form part of my terms and conditions of employment. I also acknowledge and agree that these Restrictions supersede any part of any other agreement (which, for the avoidance of doubt, excludes the SIP and the Award Agreement(s)), written or oral, that I am subject to in respect of the same subject matter unless I am notified in writing to the contrary.

(e) Prior to accepting employment with any other person or entity during the Restricted Period, I will provide any prospective employer with written notice of the Restrictions with a copy containing the prospective employer’s name and contact information delivered simultaneously to the Firm.

(f) I understand that the Restrictions may limit my ability to earn a livelihood in a business similar to the business of the Firm or BGH. I acknowledge that a violation on my part of any of the Restrictions would cause immeasurable and irreparable damage to the Firm or BGH. Accordingly, I agree that the Firm and/or BGH will be entitled to injunctive relief in any court of competent jurisdiction for any actual or threatened violation of any of the Restrictions in addition to any other remedies it or they may have. In the event that I violate any of the Restrictions, I acknowledge that the Restricted Period shall automatically be extended by the period of time that I was in violation of the said Restriction(s). I also acknowledge that a violation of any of the Restrictions would constitute my failure to meet an obligation I have under an agreement between me and the Firm that was entered into in connection with my employment with the Firm and/or BGH, may be detrimental to the Firm and/or BGH and would constitute “Cause” for purposes of any equity-based awards granted to me by the Firm and/or BGH and will result in my forfeiting such equity-based awards.

(g) If any provision (or part of a provision) of the Restrictions is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable (whether in whole or in part), such provision will be deemed modified to the extent, but only to the extent, of such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability and the remaining such provisions will not be affected thereby; provided, however, that if any of the Restrictions are held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable because it exceeds the maximum time period such court determines is acceptable to permit such provision to be enforceable, such Restrictions will be deemed to be modified to the minimum extent necessary to modify such time period in order to make such provision enforceable hereunder.

(h) The promises contained in the Restrictions are provided by me for the benefit of each Firm entity and BGH and I acknowledge and agree that each such entity may independently enforce the Restrictions against me. Any benefit that I give or am deemed to have given by virtue of the Restrictions is received jointly and severally by each Firm entity (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any Firm entity to which I provide services from time to time) and BGH.

(i) For the purposes of the Restrictions, GS Inc. enters into the SIP and Award Agreement(s) applicable to me in connection with the Award(s) in its own capacity and as agent for each other Firm entity and BGH. The consideration for the promises in these Restrictions is given to me by GS Inc. on its own behalf and on behalf of each other Firm entity (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any Firm entity to which I provide services from time to time) and BGH.

(j) I acknowledge that the Restrictions set out in this clause are reasonable and necessary for the protection of the legitimate interests of the Firm and/or BGH, and that, having regard to those interests, such restrictions do not impose an unreasonable burden on me.

(k) The Restrictions shall remain in full force and effect and survive the termination of my employment for any reason whatsoever.

(l) If I am subject to the Non-Competition and Non-Solicitation Agreement for Select Employees in the Equities Division, or a Managing Director subject to a Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. Managing Director Agreement, the Restrictions shall not apply to me.

(m) If I am a Private Wealth Management employee subject to an Employee Agreement Regarding Confidential and Proprietary Information and Materials and Non-Solicitation, I will be subject to the restrictions contained in clause (a) of the Restrictions but will not be subject to the restrictions contained in clauses (b) and (c) of the Restrictions. Nothing in the Restrictions will affect the operation of the Employee Agreement Regarding Confidential and Proprietary Information and Materials and Non-Solicitation.

(n) For the purposes of the Restrictions only, the following terms have the following meanings:

“Asia” means each state and territory in Australia, Brunei, Hong Kong SAR, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Labuan, Macau SAR, Malaysia, Mongolia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, the PRC, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam.

“Asia Service Period” means the period during which I am located in Asia and contracted to provide services to a member of the Firm in Asia or BGH. For the avoidance of doubt, the Asia Service Period does not end when I transfer to another member of the Firm in Asia or BGH.

“BGH” means Beijing Gao Hua Securities Company Limited, its subsidiaries and affiliates, and its or their respective successors.

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“Client” means any client or prospective client of the Firm or BGH (i) to whom I provided services at any time during the one year period immediately prior to the end of the Asia Service Period, or (ii) for whom I transacted business at any time during the one year period immediately prior to the end of the Asia Service Period, or (iii) whose identity became known to me in connection with my relationship with or employment by the Firm or BGH at any time during the one year period immediately prior to the end of the Asia Service Period and with respect to whom I had access to confidential information.

“Covered Enterprise” means an existing or planned business enterprise that competes with the Firm or BGH (which, for this purpose, means offering products or services that are the same as or similar to those offered by the Firm or BGH (“Firm Products or Services”)), or may reasonably be expected to do so. The enterprises covered by this definition include enterprises that offer Firm Products or Services directly, as well as those that do so indirectly by ownership or control (e.g., by owning, being owned by, or being under common ownership with an enterprise that offers Firm Products or Services). An enterprise will be treated as providing Firm Products or Services if it provides products or services associated with investment banking, public or private finance, lending, financial advisory services, private investing (for anyone other than me and members of my family), private banking, commercial banking, merchant banking, asset or hedge fund management, insurance or reinsurance underwriting or brokerage, property management, or securities, futures, commodities, energy, derivatives or currency brokerage, sales, lending, custody, clearance, settlement or trading. A “Competitive Enterprise”, as the term is used in various Firm employment-related documentation (such as certain awards under the SIP), is a Covered Enterprise. An enterprise that provides Firm Products or Services is a Covered Enterprise irrespective of whether the enterprise is also a customer, client or counterparty of the Firm.

“Covered Extended Absence” means my absence from active employment for at least 180 days in any 12-month period as a result of my incapacity due to mental or physical illness, as determined by the Firm or BGH (as applicable).

“Effective Date” means (i) if the termination is for cause or Covered Extended Absence, the date on which such termination occurs; or (ii) if I repudiate my employment contract, the date of repudiation as determined by the Firm or BGH (as applicable).

“Firm” means GS Inc., its subsidiaries and affiliates and its and their respective successors.

“Geographic Area” means (i) the jurisdiction in Asia in which I am located as of the date of execution of the Signature Card; and/or (ii) any other jurisdiction in Asia in relation to which I have substantial product and/or geographical market responsibilities in the one year period immediately prior to the end of the Asia Service Period; and/or (iii) any other jurisdiction in Asia in relation to which I have substantial

employee managerial responsibilities in the one year period immediately prior to the end of the Asia Service Period; and/or (iv) any other jurisdiction in Asia in relation to which I provided services in the one year period immediately prior to the end of the Asia Service Period.

“PRC” means, for the purpose of the Restrictions, the People’s Republic of China, excluding Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR and Taiwan.

“Restricted Period” means (i) in the event of the termination of my employment with the Firm in Asia or BGH, the Asia Service Period including any notice period applicable under the Notice Policy or, in the event I repudiate my notice requirement or exercise any statutory right to shorten the notice period or if my employment is terminated without notice or if the Firm elects to shorten the notice period in whole or in part with or without pay in lieu for any period of notice that has been waived or reduced, the Asia Service Period and the period of time equivalent to my notice requirement commencing from the Effective Date; or (ii) in the event of my employment with the Firm in Asia or BGH ending by reason of the transfer of my employment to another member of the Firm outside Asia, the Asia Service Period and the period of time equivalent to my notice requirement commencing from the conclusion of the Asia Service Period; or (iii) in the event of the termination of my secondment to the Firm in Asia or BGH and assignment or transfer of my employment to another member of the Firm outside Asia, the Asia Service Period and the period of time equivalent to my notice requirement commencing from the conclusion of the Asia Service Period.

“Restrictions” means the non-competition and non-solicitation restrictions for employees providing services in Asia as set out in (a) to (o) of this section of the Signature Card.

“Selected Firm Personnel” means any individual who is, or in the three months preceding the conduct prohibited by (c) of this section of the Signature Card was (i) a Firm or BGH employee or consultant with whom I have personally worked with while employed by the Firm; (ii) a Firm or BGH employee or consultant who, at any time during the one-year period immediately prior to the end of the Asia Service Period, worked in the same division in which I worked; or (iii) an Advisory Director, a Managing Director, or a Senior Advisor of the Firm.

“Solicit” means any direct or indirect communication of any kind whatsoever, regardless of by whom initiated, inviting, advising, encouraging or requesting any person or entity, in any manner, to take or refrain from taking any action.

(o) Notwithstanding paragraph 1 of this Signature Card, the Restrictions shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the jurisdiction in which I am located and providing services to the Firm at the date of execution of the Signature Card. If I am located and providing services to the Firm in a state or territory in Australia, the laws of the jurisdiction shall be New South Wales. Notwithstanding paragraph 1, any Firm entity (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any Firm entity to which I provide services from time to

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time) or BGH may at any time elect to enforce the Restrictions in any competent court of any jurisdiction determined by such entity.]

Other Legal Notices:

FOR ARGENTINA EMPLOYEES ONLY

Your Award(s) are being offered to you in your capacity as an employee of the Firm. By receiving and accepting your Award(s), you are deemed to (i) acknowledge that the underlying Shares have not been authorized by the Argentine Comisión Nacional de Valores (“CNV”) to be publicly offered in Argentina; and (ii) agree that you will not sell or offer to sell any Shares acquired upon settlement of your Award(s) in Argentina other than pursuant to transactions that would not qualify as a public offering under article 2 of Argentine Law 26,831.

The Award documents are being delivered to you in your capacity as an employee of the Firm. Accordingly, receipt and acceptance of the Award documents constitute your agreement that the information contained in the Award documents may not (i) be reproduced or used, in whole or in part, for any purpose whatsoever other than as a representation of your holding of Shares, or (ii) furnished to or discussed with any person (other than your personal advisors on a confidential basis) without the express written permission of GS Inc.

Additional data protection information for Argentina employees (which should be read in conjunction with, and forms part of, the Consent to Data Collection, Processing and Transfer clause above (together with this additional information, the “Clause”)):

Mandatory Notice El titular de los datos personales tiene la facultad de ejercer el derecho de acceso a los mismos en forma gratuita a intervalos no inferiores a seis meses, salvo que se acredite un interés legítimo al efecto conforme lo establecido en el artículo 14, inciso 3 de la Ley Nº 25.326. La Dirección Nacional de Protección de Datos Personales, Órgano de Control de la Ley Nº 25.326, tiene la atribución de atender las denuncias y reclamos que se interpongan con relación al incumplimiento de las normas sobre protección de datos personales.

(English translation would be as follows: Personal data subjects have the right freely to access such data within intervals of no less than six months, unless a legitimate interest is proven pursuant to Section 14, clause 3, Act 25.326. The National Data Protection Agency is the enforcing authority of Act 25.326, and has the power to attend to reports and claims regarding non-fulfilment of data protection provisions.)

FOR AUSTRALIA EMPLOYEES ONLY

GS Inc. undertakes that it will, within a reasonable period of you so requesting and at no charge, provide you with a copy of the rules of the SIP. The market price of a Share can be

accessed at the following link: https://www.nyse.com/index. The Australian dollar equivalent of that market price can be ascertained by applying the prevailing USD/AUD exchange rate published by the Reserve Bank of Australia, which can be accessed at the following link: http://www.rba.gov.au/statistics/frequency/exchange-rates.html.

Any advice given by GS Inc. in connection with the SIP is general advice only. The documentation does not take into account the objectives, financial situation or needs of any particular person. Before acting on the information contained in the documentation, or making a decision to participate, you should consider obtaining your own financial product advice from a person who is licensed by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) to give such advice.

Throughout the period in which you hold a dividend equivalent right you may obtain copies of all information filed by GS Inc. with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) which is accessible by GS Inc.’s shareholders and the general public (“shareholder information”) by going to the SEC’s website (www.sec.gov) or to the GS Inc. website (www.gs.com), and at http://www2.goldmansachs.com/our-firm/investors/financials/index.html. You should be aware that shareholder information can affect the value of your dividend equivalent rights from time to time.

The actual value you receive in respect of the Shares acquired by you will depend on the number of Shares you receive, the market value of a Share, the value of any dividend and dividend equivalent payments made in respect of a Share, and the USD/AUD exchange rate.

There are risks associated with an investment in Shares and the value of any Shares you receive may be less than the value of those Shares today. Some of those risks are specific to GS Inc.’s business activities while others are of a more general nature. For more detail on those risks, please refer to GS Inc.’s most recent annual report. Individually or in combination, those risks may affect the value of Shares.

Fidelity Personal Trust Company, FSB (“Trustee”) will hold Shares that are the subject of Award(s). Any Shares, and income gained, held on your behalf may only be dealt with by the Trustee with your direction. You may direct the Trustee on the exercise of any applicable voting rights that you hold in respect of such Shares. GS Inc. undertakes that it will, within a reasonable period of you so requesting and at no charge, provide you with a copy of the trust deed.

FOR BRAZIL EMPLOYEES ONLY

Please note that the offer of an award under the SIP does not constitute a public offer in Brazil, and therefore it is not subject to registration with the Brazilian authorities.

According to Brazilian regulations, individuals resident in Brazil must inform the Central Bank of Brazil yearly the amounts of any nature, the assets and rights (including cash and

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other deposits) held outside of the Brazilian territory. Please consult your own legal counsel on the terms and conditions for presentation of such information.

By accepting the Award(s), you acknowledge that the Firm has provided you with Portuguese translations of the Award Summary, Award Agreement and Signature Card, but that the original English versions of these documents control. (Ao aceitar esta outorga, Você reconhece que a Empresa Ihe disponibilizou a versão em português do Award Summary, do Award Agreement e do Signature Card; porém a versão original em inglês desses documentos prevalecerá.)

FOR CHILE EMPLOYEES ONLY

Neither GS Inc., the SIP nor the Shares have been registered in the Registro de Valores (Securities Registry) or in the Registro de Valores Extranjeros (Foreign Securities Registry) of the Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros (Chilean Securities and Insurance Commission or SVS) and they are not subject to the control of the SVS. If such securities are offered within Chile, they will be offered and sold only pursuant to Norma de Carácter, General 336 (General Regulation 336) of the SVS, an exemption to the registration requirements, or in circumstances which do not constitute a public offer of securities in Chile within the meaning of Article 4 of the Chilean Securities Market Law 18,045. As the Shares are not registered, the issuer has no obligation under Chilean law to deliver public information regarding the Shares in Chile. The Shares shall not be subject to public offering in Chile unless they are registered in the Foreign Securities Registry of the SVS. The commencement date of the offer is the date on which these documents were first provided to you via email.

The official plan documents are in the English language. If you do not understand their content, please contact your HCM contact in order to obtain a Spanish version.

Ni GS Inc., ni el SIP, ni las Acciones, han sido registradas en el Registro de Valores o Registro de Valores Extranjeros que lleva la Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros (SVS) y ninguno de ellos está sujeto a la fiscalización de la SVS. Si dichos valores son ofrecidos dentro de Chile, serán ofrecidos y colocados sólo de acuerdo a la Norma de Carácter General 336 de la SVS, una excepción a la obligación de registro, o en circunstancias que no constituyan una oferta pública de valores en Chile según lo definido por el Artículo 4 de la Ley 18.045 de Mercado de Valores de Chile. Por tratarse de valores no inscritos, el emisor de las Acciones no tiene obligación bajo la ley chilena de entregar en Chile información pública acerca de las Acciones. Las Acciones no pueden ser ofrecidas públicamente en Chile en tanto éstas no se registren en el Registro de Valores Extranjeros de la SVS. Se informa que la fecha de inicio de la presente oferta será aquella en que estos documentos fueron entregados a usted por primera vez vía email.

Los documentos oficiales del SIP se encuentran en idioma inglés. En caso que usted no entienda el contenido de estos

documentos, por favor comuníquese con su encargado de recursos humanos, a fin de obtener una versión en español.

FOR THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA EMPLOYEES ONLY

All documentation in relation to the Award(s) is intended for your personal use and in your capacity as an employee of the Firm (and/or its affiliate) and is being given to you solely for the purpose of providing you with information concerning the Award(s) which the Firm may grant to you as an employee of the Firm (and/or its affiliate) in accordance with the terms of the SIP, this documentation and the applicable Award Agreement(s). The grant of the Award(s) has not been and will not be registered with the China Securities Regulatory Commission of the People’s Republic of China pursuant to relevant securities laws and regulations, and the Award(s) may not be offered or sold within the mainland of the People’s Republic of China by means of any of the documentation in relation to the Award(s) through a public offering or in circumstances which require a registration or approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission of the People’s Republic of China in accordance with the relevant securities laws and regulations.

You agree that notwithstanding anything to the contrary under the SIP or the Award Agreement(s), the Award(s) may be settled in cash in Renminbi or such other currency, payable by your employing entity in the mainland of the People’s Republic of China or such other entity, in each case, as may be determined by the Firm in its sole discretion.

FOR FRANCE EMPLOYEES ONLY

Disclaimer: The current Award(s) is not covered by any prospectus which is the subject of the AMF’s approval. Grantees can only receive this award for their own account (“compte propre”) in the conditions laid down by articles L. 411-2, D. 411-1, D. 411-4, D. 744-1, D. 754-1 and D. 764-1 of the French Monetary and Financial Code. Any direct or indirect dissemination into the public of the financial instruments acquired can only take place within the conditions of articles L. 411-1, L. 411-2, L. 412-1 and L. 621-8 to L. 621-8-3 of the French Monetary and Financial Code.

By accepting the Award(s), you acknowledge that the Firm has provided you with French translations of the Award Summary, Award Agreement and Signature Card, but that the original English versions of these documents control.

The provisions of the Award Agreement will apply only in respect of the year to which the Award Agreement relates and will not in any circumstances create any right or entitlement to you for any future fiscal years.

Avertissement: La présente attribution ne donne pas lieu à un prospectus soumis au visa de l’Autorité des marchés financiers. Les personnes qui y participent ne peuvent le faire que pour

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compte propre dans les conditions fixées par les articles L. 411-2, D. 411-1,D.411-4, D. 744-1, D. 754-1 et D. 764-1 du Code monetaire et financier. La diffusion, directe ou indirecte, dans le public des instruments financiers ainsi acquis, ne peut être réalisée que dans les conditions prévues aux articles L. 411-1, L. 411-2, L. 412-1 et L. 621-8 à L. 621-8-3 du Code monétaire et financier.

En acceptant cet octroi, vous reconnaissez que la Société vous a transmis une version français de l’Award Summary (Résumé de l’Octroi), l’Award Agreement (Contrat d’Octroi) et de la Signature Card (Carte de Signature), mais que seule la version originale en langue anglaise fait foi.

Les dispositions de l’Accord de prime s’appliquent uniquement à l’année concernée par l’Accord de prime et ne créent en aucune circonstance tous droits ou habilitations s’agissant des années fiscales à venir.

FOR GERMANY EMPLOYEES ONLY

The Award(s) are offered to you by GS Inc. in accordance with the terms of the SIP which are summarized in the Award Summary. More information about GS Inc. is available on www.gs.com. You are being offered the Award(s) under the SIP in order to provide an additional incentive and to encourage employee share ownership and so increase your interest in the Firm’s success. Please refer to the section entitled Shares Available for Awards in the SIP for information on the maximum number of GS Inc. shares that can be offered under the SIP. The obligation to publish a prospectus under the Prospectus Directive does not apply to the offer because of Article 4(1)(e) of that directive. This document is not a prospectus within the meaning of that directive.

Die Prämien werden Ihnen von der GS Inc. nach den in der Prämienübersicht aufgeführten Bestimmungen des Erwerbsplans angeboten. Weitere Informationen über GS Inc. finden Sie unter www.gs.com. Die Prämien werden Ihnen im Rahmen des Erwerbsplans zu Ihrer Motivation angeboten und um Sie durch das Halten von Aktien am Erfolg des Unternehmens teilhaben zu lassen. Informationen zur Anzahl der im Rahmen des Plans angebotenen GS Inc.-Aktien entnehmen Sie bitte dem Abschnitt Shares Available for Awards (Als Prämien erhältliche Aktien) im Erwerbsplan. Es besteht auf Grund von Artikel 4(1)(e) der Prospektrichtlinie für dieses Angebot keine Verpflichtung zur Veröffentlichung eines Emissionsprospekts. Dieses Dokument ist kein Prospekt im Sinne dieser Richtlinie.

FOR HONG KONG EMPLOYEES ONLY

WARNING:

The contents of this document have not been reviewed by any regulatory authority in Hong Kong. You are advised to exercise caution in relation to the offer. If you are in doubt about any of the contents of this document, you should obtain independent professional advice.

By accepting the Award(s), you acknowledge and accept that you will not be permitted to transfer awards to persons who fall outside the definition of ‘qualifying persons’ in the Companies (Winding Up and Miscellaneous Provisions) Ordinance (i.e., a person who is not a current or former director, employee, officer, consultant of the Firm or a person other than the offeree’s wife, husband, widow, widower, child or step-child under the age of 18 years, or as otherwise defined), even if otherwise permitted under the SIP or any of the related documents.

FOR INDIA EMPLOYEES ONLY

This website does not invite offers from the public for subscription or purchase of the securities of any body corporate under any law for the time being in force in India. The website is not a prospectus under the applicable laws for the time being in force in India. GS Inc. does not intend to market, promote, invite offers for subscription or purchase of the securities of any body corporate by this website. The information provided on this website is for the record only. Any person who subscribes or purchases securities of any body corporate should consult his own investment advisors before making any investments. GS Inc. shall not be liable or responsible for any such investment decision made by any person.

FOR INDONESIA EMPLOYEES ONLY

By accepting the Award(s), you acknowledge that the Firm has provided you with Bahasa Indonesia translations of the Award Summary, Award Agreement and Signature Card, but that the original English versions of these documents control.

Dengan menerima Putusan, Anda menyatakan bahwa Perusahaan telah memberikan Anda terjemahan Bahasa Indonesia dari Ikhtisar Putusan, Perjanjian Putusan dan Perjanjian dengan Tanda Tangan, tapi versi asli dalam Bahasa Inggris dari dokumen-dokumen ini tetap mengendalikan.

FOR ITALY EMPLOYEES ONLY

No person resident or located in Italy other than the original recipients of this document and any other document related to the Award(s) may rely on such documents or their content. The offer of the Award(s) under the SIP (and the delivery of underlying Shares) is exempted from prospectus requirements under Italian securities legislation.

Under Italian rules, Italian taxpayers must report in their annual tax return the value of any financial instruments held abroad at year-end (such as financial and real estate assets). Please consult your own advisors regarding the terms and conditions of this reporting obligation.

FOR MONACO EMPLOYEES ONLY

If you are a Monégasque national (or if otherwise applicable), by accepting your Award(s), you expressly renounce the

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jurisdiction of Monaco and notably the application of articles 3.2° and 5bis of the Monégasque Procedural Civil Code in connection with any dispute relating to your Award(s).

If you are a French national (or if otherwise applicable), by accepting your Award(s), you expressly renounce the jurisdiction of France and notably the application of articles 14 and 15 of the French Civil Code in connection with any dispute relating to your Award(s).

Additional data protection information for Monaco employees (which should be read in conjunction with, and forms part of, the Consent to Data Collection, Processing and Transfers clause above (together with this additional information, the “Clause”)): If you are employed in Monaco, you acknowledge and agree that in the event of any inconsistency between this Clause and the law in force, the law 1.165 on the protection of personal data (or other relevant law) as amended shall prevail over this Clause.

FOR NEW ZEALAND EMPLOYEES ONLY

GS Inc. is offering you awards under the SIP in reliance upon clause 8 of Schedule 1 of the Financial Markets Conduct Act 2013 (offers under employee share purchase schemes) (Exclusion). In accordance with the requirements of the Exclusion, the following information has been made available to you:

1. GS Inc.’s most recent annual report on http://www2.goldmansachs.com/our-firm/investors/financials/index.html.

2. The SIP documentation (which constitutes the current rules of the employee share purchase scheme for the purposes of the Exclusion) on https://hcm.web.gs.com/newaward.

3. A copy of the Award Agreement on https://hcm.web.gs.com/newaward.

4. GS Inc.’s most recent published audited and unaudited financial statements on http://www2.goldmansachs.com/our-firm/investors/financials/index.html.

5. A copy of the auditor’s report on the above financial statements (if any) at http://www2.goldmansachs.com/our-firm/investors/financials/index.html.

You may request copies of the documents listed above free of charge from Head of Securities Compliance – Goldman Sachs Australia Pty Ltd.

Warning

The Year-End Equity-Based Award (Award) is an offer of shares (Shares) (although the Award may in limited circumstances be settled in cash or other property). The Shares give you a stake in the ownership of GS Inc. You may receive a return if dividends are paid.

If GS Inc. runs into financial difficulties and is wound up, you will be paid only after all creditors have been paid. You may lose some or all of your investment.

New Zealand law normally requires people who offer financial products to give information to investors before they invest. This information is designed to help investors to make an informed decision.

The usual rules do not apply to this offer because it is made under an employee share purchase scheme. As a result, you may not be given all the information usually required. You will also have fewer other legal protections for this investment.

Ask questions, read all documents carefully, and seek independent financial advice before committing yourself.

The Shares are quoted on a stock exchange. GS Inc. intends to quote these Shares on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). This means you may be able to sell them on the NYSE if there are interested buyers. You may get less than you invested. The price will depend on the demand for the Shares.

For further information, including the form, dividend payments, vesting, delivery, and transfer restrictions of the above Awards, please refer to the information provided in the above legend.

FOR EMPLOYEES IN POLAND ONLY

The Award(s) are offered to you by GS Inc. in accordance with the terms of the SIP which are summarized in the Award Summary. More information about GS Inc. is available on www.gs.com. You are being offered Award(s) under the SIP in order to provide an additional incentive and to encourage employee share ownership and so increase your interest in the Firm’s success. Please refer to the section entitled Shares Available for Awards in the SIP for information on the maximum number of GS Inc. shares that can be offered under the SIP. The obligation to publish a prospectus under the 2003/71 Prospectus Directive does not apply to the offer because of Article 3(2)(b) of that directive.

The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. („GS Inc.”) przyznaje Państwu Premię (Premie) zgodnie z warunkami Motywacyjnego Programu Akcji Pracowniczych opisanymi w Ogólnych Warunkach Przyznania Premii. Więcej informacji na temat GS Inc. można uzyskać na stronie www.gs.com. Oferowana Państwu na podstawie Motywacyjnego Programu Akcji Pracowniczych Premia ma stanowić dodatkową motywację i rozwijać akcjonariat pracowniczy a w konsekwencji zwiększyć Państwa zaangażowanie w sukces Firmy. Prosimy zapoznać się z działem zatytułowanym Akcje dostępne w ramach Premii w Motywacyjnym Programie Akcji Pracowniczych, w celu uzyskania informacji na temat maksymalnej liczby akcji GS Inc. oferowanych na podstawie Motywacyjnego Programu Akcji Pracowniczych. Obowiązek publikowania prospektu wynikający z Dyrektywy w Sprawie Prospektu Emisyjnego

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2003/71 oraz Ustawy z dnia 29 lipca 2005 r. o Ofercie Publicznej nie ma zastosowania do niniejszej oferty, ze względu na brzmienie art. 3 ust. 2 lit. (b) wskazanej powyżej dyrektywy oraz art. 3 ust. 1 powyższej Ustawy.

FOR RUSSIA EMPLOYEES ONLY

None of the information contained in the documents referred to in paragraph 8 of this Signature Card or in this Signature Card constitutes an advertisement of the Award(s) in Russia and must not be passed on to third parties or otherwise be made publicly available in Russia. The Award(s) have not been and will not be registered in Russia and are not intended for “placement” or “public circulation” in Russia.

FOR SAUDI ARABIA EMPLOYEES ONLY

The Award(s) are offered to you on behalf of Goldman Sachs Saudi Arabia, Commercial Registration Number 1010256672, 25^th Floor, Kingdom Tower, Post Office Box 52969, Riyadh 11573, Saudi Arabia. The SIP documents may not be distributed in the Kingdom except to such persons as are permitted under the Offers of Securities Regulations issued by the Capital Market Authority. The Capital Market Authority does not make any representation as to the accuracy or completeness of the SIP documents, and expressly disclaims any liability whatsoever for any loss arising from, or incurred in reliance upon, any part of the SIP documents. Prospective purchasers of the securities offered hereby should conduct their own due diligence on the accuracy of the information relating to the securities. If you do not understand the contents of the SIP documents you should consult an authorized financial adviser.

FOR SPAIN EMPLOYEES ONLY

Please note that the offer of an Award under the SIP does not constitute a public offer in Spain, and therefore it is not subject to registration with the Spanish authorities. The Award(s) are offered to you by GS Inc. in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in the SIP and the Award Agreement(s). The grantees may be subject to certain reporting obligations for the acquisition or disposal of Shares under the SIP, the opening of cash or brokerage bank accounts abroad and the transfer or receipt of funds. Please consult your own advisors regarding these and other legal or tax obligations that may be applicable.

Additional data protection information for Spain employees (which should be read in conjunction with, and forms part of, the Consent to Data Collection, Processing and Transfers clause above (together with this additional information, the “Clause”)):

• Your consent as described in the Clause is obtained in accordance with the provisions of the Spanish Data Protection Act 15/1999.

• Capitalized and abbreviated terms used in the Clause are defined as specified throughout this Signature Card.

• References to the Firm in the Clause should be read as including your employer (as identified in your employment contract), its ultimate parent company (The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. or “GS Inc.”), and any of GS Inc.’s other subsidiaries and affiliates.

• The relevant data controllers for the purposes of Spanish law are your employer and GS Inc., both represented in respect of the Programs by Equity Compensation at the address listed above.

FOR TURKEY EMPLOYEES ONLY

This offer is not a public offering in terms of the Turkish Capital Markets legislation and the information provided herein cannot be construed as a public offering. The grant of the Award(s) should not be construed as a public offering or a private placement and is made to you as an employee of the Firm. You are not obligated to accept your Award(s). Your decision to accept or reject the Award(s) is entirely up to you and will have no impact on your employment or your career, either positive or negative. The grant of your Award(s) does not change or supplement the terms of your employment in any way. The plan documents do not constitute an employee handbook or an employment contract between you and GS Inc.

The information set forth in the plan documents is solely for informative reasons and GS Inc. is not hereby giving you nor purports to be giving you investment or other financial advice. GS Inc. reserves the right to suspend, change, amend or supplement the terms of the plan documents, in whole or in part, for any reason at any time. If you are in doubt about the merits of the plan documents, you should contact your financial advisor.

FOR UK EMPLOYEES ONLY

This document does not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any specific person who may receive it. Recipients should seek their own financial advice.

The Award(s) are subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the SIP and the Award Agreement(s). The price of shares and the income from such shares (if any) can fluctuate and may be affected by changes in the exchange rate for U.S. Dollars. Past performance will not necessarily be repeated. Levels and bases of taxation may change from time to time. Investors should consult their own tax advisors in order to understand tax consequences. GS Inc. has (and its associates may have) a material interest in the shares and the investments that are the subject of this document.

Signature:	Date:
Print Name:	Employee ID#:

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EX-12.1

EXHIBIT 12.1

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

COMPUTATION OF RATIOS OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES AND RATIOS OF EARNINGS

TO COMBINED FIXED CHARGES AND PREFERRED STOCK DIVIDENDS

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016	2015	2014	2013	2012
Net earnings		$  7,398	$  6,083	$  8,477	$  8,040	$  7,475
Add:
Provision for taxes		2,906	2,695	3,880	3,697	3,732
Portion of rents representative of an interest factor		81	83	103	108	125
Interest expense on all indebtedness		7,104	5,388	5,557	6,668	7,501
Pre-tax earnings, as adjusted		$17,489	$14,249	$18,017	$18,513	$18,833
Fixed charges 1:
Portion of rents representative of an interest factor		$       81	$       83	$     103	$     108	$     125
Interest expense on all indebtedness		7,127	5,403	5,569	6,672	7,509
Total fixed charges		$  7,208	$  5,486	$  5,672	$  6,780	$  7,634
Preferred stock dividend requirements		804	743	583	458	274
Total combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends		$  8,012	$  6,229	$  6,255	$  7,238	$  7,908
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges		2.43x	2.60x	3.18x	2.73x	2.47x
Ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends		2.18x	2.29x	2.88x	2.56x	2.38x

1. Fixed charges include capitalized interest of $23 million for 2016, $15 million for 2015, $12 million for 2014, $4 million for 2013 and $8 million for 2012.

EX-21.1

EXHIBIT 21.1

Significant Subsidiaries of the Registrant

The following are significant subsidiaries of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. as of December 31, 2016 and the states or jurisdictions in which they are organized. Each subsidiary is indented beneath its principal parent. The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. owns, directly or indirectly, at least 99% of the voting securities of substantially all of the subsidiaries included below. The names of particular subsidiaries have been omitted because, considered in the aggregate as a single subsidiary, they would not constitute, as of the end of the year covered by this report, a “significant subsidiary” as that term is defined in Rule 1-02(w) of Regulation S-X under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Name	State or Jurisdiction of Organization of Entity
The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.	Delaware
Goldman, Sachs & Co.	New York
Goldman Sachs Paris Inc. et Cie	France
Goldman Sachs (UK) L.L.C.	Delaware
Goldman Sachs Group UK Limited	United Kingdom
Goldman Sachs International Bank	United Kingdom
Goldman Sachs International	United Kingdom
Goldman Sachs Asset Management International	United Kingdom
Goldman Sachs Group Holdings (U.K.) Limited	United Kingdom
Rothesay Life (Cayman) Limited	Cayman Islands
Broad Street Principal Investments International, Ltd.	Cayman Islands
Goldman Sachs Global Holdings L.L.C.	Delaware
GS Asian Venture (Delaware) L.L.C.	Delaware
Asia Investing Holdings Pte. Ltd.	Singapore
Austreo Property Ventures Pty Ltd	Australia
Goldman Sachs Investments Holdings (Asia) Limited	Mauritius
GS (Asia) L.P.	Delaware
Goldman Sachs (Japan) Ltd.	British Virgin Islands
Goldman Sachs Japan Co., Ltd.	Japan
J. Aron Holdings, L.P.	Delaware
J. Aron & Company	New York
GSAM Holdings LLC	Delaware
Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P.	Delaware
Goldman Sachs Asset Management International Holdings L.L.C.	Delaware
Goldman Sachs Asset Management Co., Ltd	Japan
Goldman Sachs Hedge Fund Strategies LLC	Delaware
GS Investment Strategies, LLC	Delaware
Goldman Sachs (Asia) Corporate Holdings L.L.C.	Delaware
Goldman Sachs Holdings (Hong Kong) Limited	Hong Kong
Goldman Sachs Structured Products (Asia) Limited	Cayman Islands
Goldman Sachs (Asia) Finance	Mauritius
GS EMEA Funding Limited Partnership	United Kingdom
Goldman Sachs Holdings (Singapore) PTE. Ltd.	Singapore
J. Aron & Company (Singapore) PTE.	Singapore
Goldman Sachs (Singapore) PTE.	Singapore
Goldman Sachs Holdings ANZ Pty Limited	Australia
Goldman Sachs Financial Markets Pty Ltd	Australia
Goldman Sachs Australia Group Holdings Pty Ltd	Australia
Goldman Sachs Australia Capital Markets Limited	Australia
Goldman Sachs Australia Pty Ltd	Australia
GS Lending Partners Holdings LLC	Delaware
Goldman Sachs Lending Partners LLC	Delaware
Goldman Sachs Bank USA	New York
Goldman Sachs Mortgage Company	New York
GS Financial Services II, LLC	Delaware
GS Funding Europe	United Kingdom
GS Funding Europe I Ltd.	Cayman Islands
GS Funding Europe II Ltd.	Cayman Islands
GS Funding Europe IV Limited	United Kingdom
GS Funding Europe V Limited	United Kingdom

Name	State or Jurisdiction of Organization of Entity
GSSG Holdings LLC	Delaware
Goldman Sachs Specialty Lending Holdings, Inc.	Delaware
Special Situations Investing Group II, LLC	Delaware
GSFS Investments I Corp.	Delaware
ELQ Holdings (Del) LLC	Delaware
ELQ Holdings (UK) Ltd	United Kingdom
ELQ Investors VII Ltd	United Kingdom
GS Sapphire Holding Limited	United Kingdom
GS Sapphire Investment Limited	United Kingdom
GSG Athena S.A.R.L.	Luxembourg
ELQ Investors IX Ltd	United Kingdom
ELQ Investors II Ltd	United Kingdom
GS Diversified Funding LLC	Delaware
Hull Trading Asia Limited	Hong Kong
Goldman Sachs LLC	Mauritius
Goldman Sachs Venture LLC	Mauritius
MTGLQ Investors, L.P.	Delaware
ELQ Investors, LTD	United Kingdom
GS UK Funding Limited Partnership	United Kingdom
Broad Street Principal Investments Superholdco LLC	Delaware
Broad Street Principal Investments, L.L.C.	Delaware
Broad Street Principal Investments Holdings, L.P.	Delaware
GDG Redwood City Venture, LLC	Delaware
Elan Redwood City, LLC	Delaware
Broad Street Credit Holdings LLC	Delaware
GS Fund Holdings, L.L.C.	Delaware
Shoelane GP, L.L.C.	Delaware
Shoelane, L.P.	Delaware
Goldman Sachs do Brasil Banco Multiplo S/A	Brazil

EX-23.1

EXHIBIT 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-3 (File No. 333-198735) and on Form S-8 (File Nos. 333-80839, 333-42068, 333-106430 and 333-120802) of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. of our report dated February 24, 2017 relating to the financial statements and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which appears in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K. We also consent to the incorporation by reference in such Registration Statements of our report dated February 24, 2017 relating to Selected Financial Data, which appears in Exhibit 99.1 of this Form 10-K.

/s/ PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP

New York, New York

February 24, 2017

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Lloyd C. Blankfein, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ Lloyd C. Blankfein

Name: Lloyd C. Blankfein

Title: Chief Executive Officer

Date: February 24, 2017

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Harvey M. Schwartz, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ Harvey M. Schwartz

Name: Harvey M. Schwartz

Title: Chief Financial Officer

Date: February 24, 2017

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

Certification

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, the undersigned officer of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (the “Company”) hereby certifies that the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Dated: February 24, 2017	/s/ Lloyd C. Blankfein
	Lloyd C. Blankfein
	Chief Executive Officer

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document.

Certification

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, the undersigned officer of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (the “Company”) hereby certifies that the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Dated: February 24, 2017	/s/ Harvey M. Schwartz
	Harvey M. Schwartz
	Chief Financial Officer

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document.

EX-99.1

EXHIBIT 99.1

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

ON SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

To the Board of Directors and the Shareholders of

The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.:

We have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated statements of financial condition of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of earnings, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016, and the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, and in our report dated February 24, 2017, we expressed unqualified opinions thereon. We have also previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated statements of financial condition of the Company as of December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, and the related consolidated statements of earnings, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 (none of which are presented herein), and we expressed unqualified opinions on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the (i) income statement data, (ii) balance sheet data and (iii) common share data of the Supplemental Financial Information — Selected Financial Data for each of the five years in the period ended December 31, 2016, appearing on page 202 in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated financial statements from which it has been derived.

/s/ PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP

New York, New York

February 24, 2017

EX-99.2

EXHIBIT 99.2

Debt and Trust Preferred Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
5.793% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Normal Automatic Preferred Enhanced Capital Securities of Goldman Sachs Capital II (and Registrant’s guarantee with respect thereto)	New York Stock Exchange
Floating Rate Normal Automatic Preferred Enhanced Capital Securities of Goldman Sachs Capital III (and Registrant’s guarantee with respect thereto)	New York Stock Exchange
4.647% Senior Guaranteed Trust Securities due 2017 of Murray Street Investment Trust I (and Registrant’s guarantee with respect thereto)	New York Stock Exchange
Medium-Term Notes, Series A, Index-Linked Notes due 2037 of GS Finance Corp. (and Registrant’s guarantee with respect thereto)	NYSE Arca
Medium-Term Notes, Series B, Index-Linked Notes due 2037	NYSE Arca
Medium-Term Notes, Series D, 7.50% Notes due 2019	New York Stock Exchange

XML

Document and Entity Information - USD ($) $ in Billions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Feb. 10, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016
Document And Entity Information [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2016
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2016
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Trading Symbol	GS
Entity Registrant Name	GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC
Entity Central Index Key	0000886982
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		398,377,814
Entity Public Float			$ 59.3

XML

Consolidated Statements of Earnings - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Revenues
Investment banking	$ 6,273	$ 7,027	$ 6,464
Investment management	5,407	5,868	5,748
Commissions and fees	3,208	3,320	3,316
Market making	9,933	9,523	8,365
Other principal transactions	3,200	5,018	6,588
Total non-interest revenues	28,021	30,756	30,481
Interest income	9,691	8,452	9,604
Interest expense	7,104	5,388	5,557
Net interest income	2,587	3,064	4,047
Net revenues, including net interest income	30,608	33,820	34,528
Operating expenses
Compensation and benefits	11,647	12,678	12,691
Brokerage, clearing, exchange and distribution fees	2,555	2,576	2,501
Market development	457	557	549
Communications and technology	809	806	779
Depreciation and amortization	998	991	1,337
Occupancy	788	772	827
Professional fees	882	963	902
Other expenses	2,168	5,699	2,585
Total non-compensation expenses	8,657	12,364	9,480
Total operating expenses	20,304	25,042	22,171
Pre-tax earnings	10,304	8,778	12,357
Provision for taxes	2,906	2,695	3,880
Net earnings	7,398	6,083	8,477
Preferred stock dividends	311	515	400
Net earnings applicable to common shareholders	$ 7,087	$ 5,568	$ 8,077
Earnings per common share
Basic	$ 16.53	$ 12.35	$ 17.55
Diluted	$ 16.29	$ 12.14	$ 17.07
Average common shares
Basic	427.4	448.9	458.9
Diluted	435.1	458.6	473.2

XML

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net earnings	$ 7,398	$ 6,083	$ 8,477
Other comprehensive income/(loss) adjustments, net of tax:
Currency translation	(60)	(114)	(109)
Debt valuation adjustment	(544)
Pension and postretirement liabilities	(199)	139	(102)
Cash flow hedges			(8)
Other comprehensive income/(loss)	(803)	25	(219)
Comprehensive income	$ 6,595	$ 6,108	$ 8,258

XML

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 121,711	$ 93,439
Collateralized agreements:
Securities purchased under agreements to resell and federal funds sold (includes $116,077 as of December 2016 and $132,853 as of December 2015, at fair value)	116,925	134,308
Securities borrowed (includes $82,398 as of December 2016 and $75,340 as of December 2015, at fair value)	184,600	177,638
Receivables:
Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations	18,044	25,453
Customers and counterparties (includes $3,266 as of December 2016 and $4,992 as of December 2015, at fair value)	47,780	46,430
Loans receivable	49,672	45,407
Financial instruments owned, at fair value (includes $51,278 as of December 2016 and $54,426 as of December 2015, pledged as collateral)	295,952	313,502
Other assets	25,481	25,218
Total assets	860,165	861,395
Liabilities and shareholders' equity
Deposits (includes $13,782 as of December 2016 and $14,680 as of December 2015, at fair value)	124,098	97,519
Collateralized financings:
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase, at fair value	71,816	86,069
Securities loaned (includes $2,647 as of December 2016 and $466 as of December 2015, at fair value)	7,524	3,614
Other secured financings (includes $21,073 as of December 2016 and $23,207 as of December 2015, at fair value)	21,523	24,753
Payables:
Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations	4,386	5,406
Customers and counterparties	184,069	204,956
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	117,143	115,248
Unsecured short-term borrowings, including the current portion of unsecured long-term borrowings (includes $14,792 as of December 2016 and $17,743 as of December 2015, at fair value)	39,265	42,787
Unsecured long-term borrowings (includes $29,410 as of December 2016 and $22,273 as of December 2015, at fair value)	189,086	175,422
Other liabilities and accrued expenses (includes $621 as of December 2016 and $1,253 as of December 2015, at fair value)	14,362	18,893
Total liabilities	773,272	774,667
Commitments, contingencies and guarantees
Shareholders' equity
Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share; aggregate liquidation preference of $11,203 as of December 2016 and $11,200 as of December 2015	11,203	11,200
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 4,000,000,000 shares authorized, 873,608,100 shares issued as of December 2016 and 863,976,731 shares issued as of December 2015, and 392,632,230 shares outstanding as of December 2016 and 419,480,736 shares outstanding as of December 2015	9	9
Share-based awards	3,914	4,151
Nonvoting common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 200,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding	0	0
Additional paid-in capital	52,638	51,340
Retained earnings	89,039	83,386
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(1,216)	(718)
Stock held in treasury, at cost, par value $0.01 per share; 480,975,872 shares as of December 2016 and 444,495,997 shares as of December 2015	(68,694)	(62,640)
Total shareholders' equity	86,893	86,728
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$ 860,165	$ 861,395

XML

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Securities purchased under agreements to resell and federal funds sold at fair value	$ 116,077	$ 132,853
Securities borrowed at fair value	82,398	75,340
Receivables from customers and counterparties at fair value	3,266	4,992
Financial instruments owned, at fair value pledged as collateral	51,278	54,426
Deposits at fair value	13,782	14,680
Securities loaned at fair value	2,647	466
Other secured financings at fair value	21,073	23,207
Unsecured short-term borrowings, including the current portion of unsecured long-term borrowings, at fair value	14,792	17,743
Unsecured long-term borrowings at fair value	29,410	22,273
Other liabilities and accrued expenses at fair value	$ 621	$ 1,253
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, liquidation preference	$ 11,203	$ 11,200
Common stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized	4,000,000,000	4,000,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	873,608,100	863,976,731
Common stock, shares outstanding	392,632,230	419,480,736
Nonvoting common stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Nonvoting common stock, shares authorized	200,000,000	200,000,000
Treasury stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Treasury stock, shares	480,975,872	444,495,997

XML

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Millions	Total	Preferred Stock [Member]	Common Stock [Member]	Share-Based Awards [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member]	Stock Held in Treasury, at Cost [Member]
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2013		$ 7,200	$ 8	$ 3,839	$ 48,998	$ 71,961	$ (524)	$ (53,015)
Issuance and amortization of share-based awards				2,079
Net earnings	$ 8,477					8,477
Repurchased	(5,469)							(5,469)
Issued		2,000	1
Other comprehensive income/(loss)	(219)						(219)
Delivery of common stock underlying share-based awards				(1,725)	2,206
Dividends and dividend equivalents declared on common stock and share-based awards						(1,054)
Reissued								49
Cancellation of share-based awards in satisfaction of withholding tax requirements					(1,922)
Forfeiture of share-based awards				(92)
Dividends declared on preferred stock	(400)					(400)
Other								(33)
Preferred stock issuance costs, net					(20)
Exercise of share-based awards				(335)
Excess net tax benefit related to share-based awards					788
Cash settlement of share-based awards					(1)
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2014	82,797	9,200	9	3,766	50,049	78,984	(743)	(58,468)
Issuance and amortization of share-based awards				2,308
Net earnings	6,083					6,083
Repurchased	(4,195)							(4,195)
Issued		2,000
Other comprehensive income/(loss)	25						25
Delivery of common stock underlying share-based awards				(1,742)	2,092
Dividends and dividend equivalents declared on common stock and share-based awards						(1,166)
Reissued								32
Cancellation of share-based awards in satisfaction of withholding tax requirements					(1,198)
Forfeiture of share-based awards				(72)
Dividends declared on preferred stock	(515)					(515)
Other								(9)
Preferred stock issuance costs, net					(7)
Exercise of share-based awards				(109)
Excess net tax benefit related to share-based awards					406
Cash settlement of share-based awards					(2)
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2015	86,728	11,200	9	4,151	51,340	83,386	(718)	(62,640)
Ending balance (Accounting Standards Update 2016-01 [Member]) at Dec. 31, 2015						83,081	(413)
Reclassification of cumulative debt valuation adjustment, net of tax, from retained earnings to accumulated other comprehensive loss | Accounting Standards Update 2016-01 [Member]						(305)	305
Issuance and amortization of share-based awards				2,143
Net earnings	7,398					7,398
Repurchased	(6,069)							(6,069)
Issued		1,325
Other comprehensive income/(loss)	(803)						(803)
Delivery of common stock underlying share-based awards				(2,068)	2,282
Dividends and dividend equivalents declared on common stock and share-based awards						(1,129)
Reissued								22
Redeemed		(1,322)
Cancellation of share-based awards in satisfaction of withholding tax requirements					(1,121)
Forfeiture of share-based awards				(102)
Dividends declared on preferred stock	(577)					(577)
Other								(7)
Preferred stock issuance costs, net					(10)
Exercise of share-based awards				(210)
Preferred stock redemption discount	266					266
Excess net tax benefit related to share-based awards					147
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2016	$ 86,893	$ 11,203	$ 9	$ 3,914	$ 52,638	$ 89,039	$ (1,216)	$ (68,694)

XML

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Cash flows from operating activities
Net earnings	$ 7,398	$ 6,083	$ 8,477
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by/(used for) operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	998	991	1,337
Deferred income taxes	551	425	495
Share-based compensation	2,111	2,272	2,085
Loss/(gain) related to extinguishment of junior subordinated debt	3	(34)	(289)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Receivables and payables (excluding loans receivable), net	(15,813)	19,132	12,328
Collateralized transactions (excluding other secured financings), net	78	(14,825)	(52,793)
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	15,253	16,078	25,881
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	1,960	(16,835)	4,642
Other, net	(6,969)	(5,417)	(10,095)
Net cash provided by/(used for) operating activities	5,570	7,870	(7,932)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of property, leasehold improvements and equipment	(2,876)	(1,833)	(678)
Proceeds from sales of property, leasehold improvements and equipment	381	228	30
Net cash acquired in/(used for) business acquisitions	14,922	(1,808)	(1,732)
Proceeds from sales of investments	1,512	1,019	1,514
Loans receivable, net	(4,669)	(16,180)	(14,043)
Net cash provided by/(used for) investing activities	9,270	(18,574)	(14,909)
Cash flows from financing activities
Unsecured short-term borrowings, net	(1,506)	(369)	1,659
Other secured financings (short-term), net	(808)	(867)	(837)
Proceeds from issuance of other secured financings (long-term)	4,186	10,349	6,900
Repayment of other secured financings (long-term), including the current portion	(7,375)	(6,502)	(7,636)
Purchase of APEX, senior guaranteed securities and trust preferred securities	(1,171)	(1)	(1,611)
Proceeds from issuance of unsecured long-term borrowings	50,763	44,595	39,857
Repayment of unsecured long-term borrowings, including the current portion	(36,557)	(29,520)	(28,138)
Derivative contracts with a financing element, net	2,115	(47)	643
Deposits, net	10,058	14,639	12,201
Common stock repurchased	(6,078)	(4,135)	(5,469)
Dividends and dividend equivalents paid on common stock, preferred stock and share-based awards	(1,706)	(1,681)	(1,454)
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock, net of issuance costs	1,303	1,993	1,980
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, including exercise of share-based awards	6	259	123
Excess tax benefit related to share-based awards	202	407	782
Cash settlement of share-based awards		(2)	(1)
Net cash provided by/(used for) financing activities	13,432	29,118	18,999
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	28,272	18,414	(3,842)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning balance	93,439	75,025	78,867
Cash and cash equivalents, ending balance	$ 121,711	$ 93,439	$ 75,025

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES:
Cash payments for interest, net of capitalized interest	$ 7,140	$ 4,820	$ 6,430
Cash payments for income taxes, net of refunds	1,060	2,650	3,050
Non-cash activities:
Impact of adoption of accounting standard ASU No. 2015-02	200
Sold assets previously classified as held for sale exchanged for financial instruments	1,810
Sold liabilities previously classified as held for sale exchanged for financial instruments	697
Financial instruments received in exchange for sold assets and liabilities previously classified as held for sale	1,110
APEX exchanged, fair value	1,040
Series E and Series F Preferred Stock cancelled, net carrying value	1,310
Trust Securities, senior guaranteed trust securities exchanged with the firm's junior subordinated debt	127
Firm's Junior subordinated debt exchanged with senior guaranteed trust securities	124
Trust Preferred Securities and common beneficial interests exchanged with the firm's junior subordinated debt		262
Firm's Junior subordinated debt exchanged for Trust Preferred Securities and common beneficial interests		296
Trust Preferred Securities, common beneficial interests and senior guaranteed trust securities exchanged with the firm's junior subordinated debt			1,580
Firm's Junior subordinated debt held by the trusts exchanged for Trust Preferred Securities, common beneficial interests and senior guaranteed trust securities held by the firm			1,870
Non-cash increase to loans receivable due to seller financing provided for the sale of certain consolidated investments			$ 115

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Description of Business

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Description of Business

Note 1.

Description of Business

The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (Group Inc. or parent company), a Delaware corporation, together with its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, the firm), is a leading global investment banking, securities and investment management firm that provides a wide range of financial services to a substantial and diversified client base that includes corporations, financial institutions, governments and individuals. Founded in 1869, the firm is headquartered in New York and maintains offices in all major financial centers around the world.

The firm reports its activities in the following four business segments:

Investment Banking

The firm provides a broad range of investment banking services to a diverse group of corporations, financial institutions, investment funds and governments. Services include strategic advisory assignments with respect to mergers and acquisitions, divestitures, corporate defense activities, restructurings, spin-offs and risk management, and debt and equity underwriting of public offerings and private placements, including local and cross-border transactions and acquisition financing, as well as derivative transactions directly related to these activities.

Institutional Client Services

The firm facilitates client transactions and makes markets in fixed income, equity, currency and commodity products, primarily with institutional clients such as corporations, financial institutions, investment funds and governments. The firm also makes markets in and clears client transactions on major stock, options and futures exchanges worldwide and provides financing, securities lending and other prime brokerage services to institutional clients.

Investing & Lending

The firm invests in and originates loans to provide financing to clients. These investments and loans are typically longer-term in nature. The firm makes investments, some of which are consolidated, directly and indirectly through funds that the firm manages, in debt securities and loans, public and private equity securities, infrastructure and real estate entities. The firm also makes unsecured loans to individuals through its online platform.

Investment Management

The firm provides investment management services and offers investment products (primarily through separately managed accounts and commingled vehicles, such as mutual funds and private investment funds) across all major asset classes to a diverse set of institutional and individual clients. The firm also offers wealth advisory services, including portfolio management and financial counseling, and brokerage and other transaction services to high-net-worth individuals and families.

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Basis of Presentation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Note 2.

Basis of Presentation

These consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP) and include the accounts of Group Inc. and all other entities in which the firm has a controlling financial interest. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

All references to 2016, 2015 and 2014 refer to the firm’s years ended, or the dates, as the context requires, December 31, 2016, December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. Any reference to a future year refers to a year ending on December 31 of that year. Certain reclassifications have been made to previously reported amounts to conform to the current presentation.

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Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Significant Accounting Policies

Note 3.

Significant Accounting Policies

The firm’s significant accounting policies include when and how to measure the fair value of assets and liabilities, accounting for goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, and when to consolidate an entity. See Notes 5 through 8 for policies on fair value measurements, Note 13 for policies on goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, and below and Note 12 for policies on consolidation accounting. All other significant accounting policies are either described below or included in the following footnotes:

Financial Instruments Owned, at Fair Value and Financial Instruments Sold, But Not Yet Purchased, at Fair Value	Note 4
Fair Value Measurements	Note 5
Cash Instruments	Note 6
Derivatives and Hedging Activities	Note 7
Fair Value Option	Note 8
Loans Receivable	Note 9
Collateralized Agreements and Financings	Note 10
Securitization Activities	Note 11
Variable Interest Entities	Note 12
Other Assets	Note 13
Deposits	Note 14
Short-Term Borrowings	Note 15
Long-Term Borrowings	Note 16
Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses	Note 17
Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees	Note 18
Shareholders’ Equity	Note 19
Regulation and Capital Adequacy	Note 20
Earnings Per Common Share	Note 21
Transactions with Affiliated Funds	Note 22
Interest Income and Interest Expense	Note 23
Income Taxes	Note 24
Business Segments	Note 25
Credit Concentrations	Note 26
Legal Proceedings	Note 27
Employee Benefit Plans	Note 28
Employee Incentive Plans	Note 29
Parent Company	Note 30

Consolidation

The firm consolidates entities in which the firm has a controlling financial interest. The firm determines whether it has a controlling financial interest in an entity by first evaluating whether the entity is a voting interest entity or a variable interest entity (VIE).

Voting Interest Entities. Voting interest entities are entities in which (i) the total equity investment at risk is sufficient to enable the entity to finance its activities independently and (ii) the equity holders have the power to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact its economic performance, the obligation to absorb the losses of the entity and the right to receive the residual returns of the entity. The usual condition for a controlling financial interest in a voting interest entity is ownership of a majority voting interest. If the firm has a controlling majority voting interest in a voting interest entity, the entity is consolidated.

Variable Interest Entities. A VIE is an entity that lacks one or more of the characteristics of a voting interest entity. The firm has a controlling financial interest in a VIE when the firm has a variable interest or interests that provide it with (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. See Note 12 for further information about VIEs.

Equity-Method Investments. When the firm does not have a controlling financial interest in an entity but can exert significant influence over the entity’s operating and financial policies, the investment is accounted for either (i) under the equity method of accounting or (ii) at fair value by electing the fair value option available under U.S. GAAP. Significant influence generally exists when the firm owns 20% to 50% of the entity’s common stock or in-substance common stock.

In general, the firm accounts for investments acquired after the fair value option became available, at fair value. In certain cases, the firm applies the equity method of accounting to new investments that are strategic in nature or closely related to the firm’s principal business activities, when the firm has a significant degree of involvement in the cash flows or operations of the investee or when cost-benefit considerations are less significant. See Note 13 for further information about equity-method investments.

Investment Funds. The firm has formed numerous investment funds with third-party investors. These funds are typically organized as limited partnerships or limited liability companies for which the firm acts as general partner or manager. Generally, the firm does not hold a majority of the economic interests in these funds. These funds are usually voting interest entities and generally are not consolidated because third-party investors typically have rights to terminate the funds or to remove the firm as general partner or manager. Investments in these funds are generally measured at net asset value (NAV) and are included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value.” See Notes 6, 18 and 22 for further information about investments in funds.

Use of Estimates

Preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions, the most important of which relate to fair value measurements, accounting for goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, the provisions for losses that may arise from litigation, regulatory proceedings (including governmental investigations) and tax audits, and the allowance for losses on loans and lending commitments held for investment. These estimates and assumptions are based on the best available information but actual results could be materially different.

Revenue Recognition

Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities at Fair Value. Financial instruments owned, at fair value and Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value are recorded at fair value either under the fair value option or in accordance with other U.S. GAAP. In addition, the firm has elected to account for certain of its other financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value by electing the fair value option. The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Financial assets are marked to bid prices and financial liabilities are marked to offer prices. Fair value measurements do not include transaction costs. Fair value gains or losses are generally included in “Market making” for positions in Institutional Client Services and “Other principal transactions” for positions in Investing & Lending. See Notes 5 through 8 for further information about fair value measurements.

Investment Banking. Fees from financial advisory assignments and underwriting revenues are recognized in earnings when the services related to the underlying transaction are completed under the terms of the assignment. Expenses associated with such transactions are deferred until the related revenue is recognized or the assignment is otherwise concluded. Expenses associated with financial advisory assignments are recorded as non-compensation expenses, net of client reimbursements. Underwriting revenues are presented net of related expenses.

Investment Management. The firm earns management fees and incentive fees for investment management services. Management fees for mutual funds are calculated as a percentage of daily net asset value and are received monthly. Management fees for hedge funds and separately managed accounts are calculated as a percentage of month-end net asset value and are generally received quarterly. Management fees for private equity funds are calculated as a percentage of monthly invested capital or commitments and are received quarterly, semi-annually or annually, depending on the fund. All management fees are recognized over the period that the related service is provided. Incentive fees are calculated as a percentage of a fund’s or separately managed account’s return, or excess return above a specified benchmark or other performance target. Incentive fees are generally based on investment performance over a 12-month period or over the life of a fund. Fees that are based on performance over a 12-month period are subject to adjustment prior to the end of the measurement period. For fees that are based on investment performance over the life of the fund, future investment underperformance may require fees previously distributed to the firm to be returned to the fund. Incentive fees are recognized only when all material contingencies have been resolved. Management and incentive fee revenues are included in “Investment management” revenues.

The firm makes payments to brokers and advisors related to the placement of the firm’s investment funds. These payments are calculated based on either a percentage of the management fee or the investment fund’s net asset value. Where the firm is principal to the arrangement, such costs are recorded on a gross basis and included in “Brokerage, clearing, exchange and distribution fees,” and where the firm is agent to the arrangement, such costs are recorded on a net basis in “Investment management” revenues.

Commissions and Fees. The firm earns “Commissions and fees” from executing and clearing client transactions on stock, options and futures markets, as well as over-the-counter (OTC) transactions. Commissions and fees are recognized on the day the trade is executed.

Transfers of Assets

Transfers of assets are accounted for as sales when the firm has relinquished control over the assets transferred. For transfers of assets accounted for as sales, any gains or losses are recognized in net revenues. Assets or liabilities that arise from the firm’s continuing involvement with transferred assets are initially recognized at fair value. For transfers of assets that are not accounted for as sales, the assets generally remain in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value” and the transfer is accounted for as a collateralized financing, with the related interest expense recognized over the life of the transaction. See Note 10 for further information about transfers of assets accounted for as collateralized financings and Note 11 for further information about transfers of assets accounted for as sales.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The firm defines cash equivalents as highly liquid overnight deposits held in the ordinary course of business. As of December 2016 and December 2015, “Cash and cash equivalents” included $11.15 billion and $14.71 billion, respectively, of cash and due from banks, and $110.56 billion and $78.73 billion, respectively, of interest-bearing deposits with banks. The firm segregates cash for regulatory and other purposes related to client activity. As of December 2016 and December 2015, $14.65 billion and $18.33 billion, respectively, of “Cash and cash equivalents” were segregated for regulatory and other purposes. See “Recent Accounting Developments” for further information.

In addition, the firm segregates securities for regulatory and other purposes related to client activity. See Note 10 for further information about segregated securities.

Receivables from and Payables to Brokers, Dealers and Clearing Organizations

Receivables from and payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations are accounted for at cost plus accrued interest, which generally approximates fair value. While these receivables and payables are carried at amounts that approximate fair value, they are not accounted for at fair value under the fair value option or at fair value in accordance with other U.S. GAAP and therefore are not included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy in Notes 6 through 8. Had these receivables and payables been included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy, substantially all would have been classified in level 2 as of December 2016 and December 2015.

Receivables from Customers and Counterparties

Receivables from customers and counterparties generally relate to collateralized transactions. Such receivables are primarily comprised of customer margin loans, certain transfers of assets accounted for as secured loans rather than purchases at fair value and collateral posted in connection with certain derivative transactions. Substantially all of these receivables are accounted for at amortized cost net of estimated uncollectible amounts. Certain of the firm’s receivables from customers and counterparties are accounted for at fair value under the fair value option, with changes in fair value generally included in “Market making” revenues. See Note 8 for further information about receivables from customers and counterparties accounted for at fair value under the fair value option. In addition, as of December 2016 and December 2015, the firm’s receivables from customers and counterparties included $2.60 billion and $2.35 billion, respectively, of loans held for sale, accounted for at the lower of cost or fair value. See Note 5 for an overview of the firm’s fair value measurement policies.

As of December 2016 and December 2015, the carrying value of receivables not accounted for at fair value generally approximated fair value. While these receivables are carried at amounts that approximate fair value, they are not accounted for at fair value under the fair value option or at fair value in accordance with other U.S. GAAP and therefore are not included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy in Notes 6 through 8. Had these receivables been included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy, substantially all would have been classified in level 2 as of December 2016 and December 2015. Interest on receivables from customers and counterparties is recognized over the life of the transaction and included in “Interest income.”

Payables to Customers and Counterparties

Payables to customers and counterparties primarily consist of customer credit balances related to the firm’s prime brokerage activities. Payables to customers and counterparties are accounted for at cost plus accrued interest, which generally approximates fair value. While these payables are carried at amounts that approximate fair value, they are not accounted for at fair value under the fair value option or at fair value in accordance with other U.S. GAAP and therefore are not included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy in Notes 6 through 8. Had these payables been included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy, substantially all would have been classified in level 2 as of December 2016 and December 2015. Interest on payables to customers and counterparties is recognized over the life of the transaction and included in “Interest expense.”

Offsetting Assets and Liabilities

To reduce credit exposures on derivatives and securities financing transactions, the firm may enter into master netting agreements or similar arrangements (collectively, netting agreements) with counterparties that permit it to offset receivables and payables with such counterparties. A netting agreement is a contract with a counterparty that permits net settlement of multiple transactions with that counterparty, including upon the exercise of termination rights by a non-defaulting party. Upon exercise of such termination rights, all transactions governed by the netting agreement are terminated and a net settlement amount is calculated. In addition, the firm receives and posts cash and securities collateral with respect to its derivatives and securities financing transactions, subject to the terms of the related credit support agreements or similar arrangements (collectively, credit support agreements). An enforceable credit support agreement grants the non-defaulting party exercising termination rights the right to liquidate the collateral and apply the proceeds to any amounts owed. In order to assess enforceability of the firm’s right of setoff under netting and credit support agreements, the firm evaluates various factors including applicable bankruptcy laws, local statutes and regulatory provisions in the jurisdiction of the parties to the agreement.

Derivatives are reported on a net-by-counterparty basis (i.e., the net payable or receivable for derivative assets and liabilities for a given counterparty) in the consolidated statements of financial condition when a legal right of setoff exists under an enforceable netting agreement. Resale and repurchase agreements and securities borrowed and loaned transactions with the same term and currency are presented on a net-by-counterparty basis in the consolidated statements of financial condition when such transactions meet certain settlement criteria and are subject to netting agreements.

In the consolidated statements of financial condition, derivatives are reported net of cash collateral received and posted under enforceable credit support agreements, when transacted under an enforceable netting agreement. In the consolidated statements of financial condition, resale and repurchase agreements, and securities borrowed and loaned, are not reported net of the related cash and securities received or posted as collateral. See Note 10 for further information about collateral received and pledged, including rights to deliver or repledge collateral. See Notes 7 and 10 for further information about offsetting.

Foreign Currency Translation

Assets and liabilities denominated in non-U.S. currencies are translated at rates of exchange prevailing on the date of the consolidated statements of financial condition and revenues and expenses are translated at average rates of exchange for the period. Foreign currency remeasurement gains or losses on transactions in nonfunctional currencies are recognized in earnings. Gains or losses on translation of the financial statements of a non-U.S. operation, when the functional currency is other than the U.S. dollar, are included, net of hedges and taxes, in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Recent Accounting Developments

Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606). In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).” This ASU, as amended, provides comprehensive guidance on the recognition of revenue from customers arising from the transfer of goods and services, guidance on accounting for certain contract costs, and new disclosures.

The ASU is effective for the firm in January 2018 under a modified retrospective approach or retrospectively to all periods presented. The firm’s implementation efforts include identifying revenues and costs within the scope of the ASU, reviewing contracts, and analyzing any changes to its existing revenue recognition policies. As a result of adopting this ASU, the firm may, among other things, be required to recognize incentive fees earlier than under the firm’s current revenue recognition policy, which defers recognition until all contingencies are resolved. The firm may also be required to change the current presentation of certain costs from a net presentation within net revenues to a gross basis, or vice versa. Based on implementation work to date, the firm does not currently expect that the ASU will have a material impact on its financial condition, results of operations or cash flows on the date of adoption.

Measuring the Financial Assets and the Financial Liabilities of a Consolidated Collateralized Financing Entity (ASC 810). In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-13, “Consolidation (Topic 810) — Measuring the Financial Assets and the Financial Liabilities of a Consolidated Collateralized Financing Entity (CFE).” This ASU provides an alternative to reflect changes in the fair value of the financial assets and the financial liabilities of the CFE by measuring either the fair value of the assets or liabilities, whichever is more observable, and provides new disclosure requirements for those electing this approach.

The firm adopted the ASU in January 2016. Adoption of the ASU did not materially affect the firm’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis (ASC 810). In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-02, “Consolidation (Topic 810) — Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis.” This ASU eliminates the deferral of the requirements of ASU No. 2009-17, “Consolidations (Topic 810) — Improvements to Financial Reporting by Enterprises Involved with Variable Interest Entities” for certain interests in investment funds and provides a scope exception for certain investments in money market funds. It also makes several modifications to the consolidation guidance for VIEs and general partners’ investments in limited partnerships, as well as modifications to the evaluation of whether limited partnerships are VIEs or voting interest entities.

The firm adopted the ASU in January 2016, using a modified retrospective approach. The impact of adoption was a net reduction to both total assets and total liabilities of approximately $200 million, substantially all included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value” and in “Other liabilities and accrued expenses,” respectively. Adoption of this ASU did not have an impact on the firm’s results of operations. See Note 12 for further information about the adoption.

Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs (ASC 835). In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, “Interest — Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30) — Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs.” This ASU simplifies the presentation of debt issuance costs by requiring that these costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the statements of financial condition as a direct reduction from the carrying amount of that liability.

The firm early adopted the ASU in September 2015, using a modified retrospective approach. Adoption of the ASU did not materially affect the firm’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (ASC 718). In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, “Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718) — Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” This ASU includes a requirement that the tax effect related to the settlement of share-based awards be recorded in income tax benefit or expense in the statements of earnings rather than directly to additional paid-in-capital. This change has no impact on total shareholders’ equity and is required to be adopted prospectively. In addition, the ASU modifies the classification of certain share-based payment activities within the statements of cash flows and this change is generally required to be applied retrospectively. The ASU also allows for forfeitures to be recorded when they occur rather than estimated over the vesting period. This change is required to be applied on a modified retrospective basis.

The firm adopted the ASU in January 2017 and the impact of the restricted stock unit (RSU) deliveries and option exercises in the first quarter of 2017 is estimated to be a reduction to the provision for taxes of approximately $450 million that will be recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of earnings. This amount may vary in future periods depending upon, among other things, the number of RSUs delivered and their change in value since grant. Prior to the adoption of this ASU, this amount would have been recorded directly to additional paid-in-capital. Other provisions of the ASU will not have a material impact on the firm’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments (ASC 805). In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-16, “Business Combinations (Topic 805) — Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments.” This ASU eliminates the requirement for an acquirer in a business combination to account for measurement-period adjustments retrospectively.

The firm adopted the ASU in January 2016. Adoption of the ASU did not materially affect the firm’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (ASC 825). In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, “Financial Instruments (Topic 825) — Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” This ASU amends certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. It includes a requirement to present separately in other comprehensive income changes in fair value attributable to a firm’s own credit spreads (debt valuation adjustment or DVA), net of tax, on financial liabilities for which the fair value option was elected.

The ASU is effective for the firm in January 2018. Early adoption is permitted under a modified retrospective approach for the requirements related to DVA. In January 2016, the firm early adopted this ASU for the requirements related to DVA, and reclassified the cumulative DVA, a gain of $305 million (net of tax), from retained earnings to accumulated other comprehensive loss. The firm does not expect the adoption of the remaining provisions of the ASU to have a material impact on its financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Leases (ASC 842). In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).” This ASU requires that, for leases longer than one year, a lessee recognize in the statements of financial condition a right-of-use asset, representing the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term, and a lease liability, representing the liability to make lease payments. It also requires that for finance leases, a lessee recognize interest expense on the lease liability, separately from the amortization of the right-of-use asset in the statements of earnings, while for operating leases, such amounts should be recognized as a combined expense. In addition, this ASU requires expanded disclosures about the nature and terms of lease agreements.

The ASU is effective for the firm in January 2019 under a modified retrospective approach. Early adoption is permitted. The firm’s implementation efforts include reviewing existing leases and service contracts, which may include embedded leases. The firm expects a gross up on its consolidated statements of financial condition upon recognition of the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities and does not expect the amount of the gross up to have a material impact on its financial condition.

Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (ASC 326). In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326) — Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” This ASU amends several aspects of the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments, including replacing the existing incurred credit loss model and other models with the Current Expected Credit Losses (CECL) model and amending certain aspects of accounting for purchased financial assets with deterioration in credit quality since origination.

Under CECL, the allowance for losses for financial assets that are measured at amortized cost should reflect management’s estimate of credit losses over the remaining expected life of the financial assets. Expected credit losses for newly recognized financial assets, as well as changes to expected credit losses during the period, would be recognized in earnings. For certain purchased financial assets with deterioration in credit quality since origination, an initial allowance would be recorded for expected credit losses and recognized as an increase to the purchase price rather than as an expense. Expected credit losses, including losses on off-balance-sheet exposures such as lending commitments, will be measured based on historical experience, current conditions and forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount.

The ASU is effective for the firm in January 2020 under a modified retrospective approach. Early adoption is permitted in January 2019. Adoption of the ASU will result in earlier recognition of credit losses and an increase in the recorded allowance for certain purchased loans with deterioration in credit quality since origination with a corresponding increase to their gross carrying value. The impact of adoption of this ASU on the firm’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows will depend on, among other things, the economic environment and the type of financial assets held by the firm on the date of adoption.

Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (ASC 230). In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) — Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments.” This ASU provides guidance on the disclosure and classification of certain items within the statement of cash flows.

The ASU is effective for the firm in January 2018 under a retrospective approach. Early adoption is permitted. Since the ASU only impacts classification in the statements of cash flows, adoption will not affect the firm’s cash and cash equivalents.

Clarifying the Definition of a Business (ASC 805). In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, “Business Combinations (Topic 805) — Clarifying the Definition of a Business.” The ASU amends the definition of a business and provides a threshold which must be considered to determine whether a transaction is an asset acquisition or a business combination. The ASU is effective for the firm in January 2018 under a prospective approach. Early adoption is permitted. The firm is still evaluating the effect of the ASU on its financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Restricted Cash (ASC 230). In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) — Restricted Cash.” This ASU requires that cash segregated for regulatory and other purposes be included in cash and cash equivalents disclosed in the statements of cash flows and is required to be applied retrospectively.

The firm early adopted the ASU in December 2016 and reclassified cash segregated for regulatory and other purposes into “Cash and cash equivalents” disclosed in the consolidated statements of cash flows. The impact of adoption was a decrease of $3.69 billion, an increase of $909 million and a decrease of $309 million for the years ended December 2016, December 2015 and December 2014, respectively, to “Net cash provided by/(used for) operating activities.”

In December 2016, to be consistent with the presentation of segregated cash in the consolidated statements of cash flows under the ASU, the firm reclassified amounts previously included in “Cash and securities segregated for regulatory and other purposes” into “Cash and cash equivalents,” “Securities purchased under agreements to resell and federal funds sold,” “Securities borrowed” and “Financial instruments owned, at fair value,” in the consolidated statements of financial condition. Previously reported amounts in the consolidated statements of financial condition and notes to the consolidated financial statements have been conformed to the current presentation.

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Financial Instruments Owned, at Fair Value and Financial Instruments Sold, But Not Yet Purchased, at Fair Value

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Text Block [Abstract]

Financial Instruments Owned, at Fair Value and Financial Instruments Sold, But Not Yet Purchased, at Fair Value

Note 4.

Financial Instruments Owned, at Fair Value and Financial Instruments Sold, But Not Yet Purchased, at Fair Value

Financial instruments owned, at fair value and financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value are accounted for at fair value either under the fair value option or in accordance with other U.S. GAAP. See Note 8 for further information about other financial assets and financial liabilities accounted for at fair value primarily under the fair value option.

The table below presents the firm’s financial instruments owned, at fair value, and financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value.

$ in millions	Financial Instruments Owned	Financial Instruments Sold, But Not Yet Purchased
As of December 2016
Money market instruments	$    1,319	$          —
U.S. government and federal agency obligations	57,657	16,627
Non-U.S. government and agency obligations	29,381	20,502
Loans and securities backed by:
Commercial real estate	3,842	—
Residential real estate	12,195	3
Corporate loans and debt securities	28,659	6,570
State and municipal obligations	1,059	—
Other debt obligations	1,358	1
Equities and convertible debentures	94,692	25,941
Commodities	5,653	—
Investments in funds at NAV	6,465	—
Subtotal	242,280	69,644
Derivatives	53,672	47,499
Total	$295,952	$117,143
As of December 2015
Money market instruments	$    4,683	$          —
U.S. government and federal agency obligations	63,844	15,516
Non-U.S. government and agency obligations	31,772	14,973
Loans and securities backed by:
Commercial real estate	4,975	4
Residential real estate	13,183	2
Corporate loans and debt securities	28,804	6,584
State and municipal obligations	992	2
Other debt obligations	1,595	2
Equities and convertible debentures	98,072	31,394
Commodities	3,935	—
Investments in funds at NAV	7,757	—
Subtotal	259,612	68,477
Derivatives	53,890	46,771
Total	$313,502	$115,248

In the table above, money market instruments include commercial paper, certificates of deposit and time deposits. Substantially all money market instruments have a maturity of less than one year.

Gains and Losses from Market Making and Other Principal Transactions

The table below presents “Market making” revenues by major product type, as well as “Other principal transactions” revenues.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015		2014
Product Type
Interest rates		$ (1,979	)	$ (1,360	)	$ (5,316	)
Credit		1,854		920		2,982
Currencies		6,158		3,345		6,566
Equities		2,873		5,515		2,683
Commodities		1,027		1,103		1,450
Market making		9,933		9,523		8,365
Other principal transactions		3,200		5,018		6,588
Total		$13,133		$14,541		$14,953

In the table above:

• Gains/(losses) include both realized and unrealized gains and losses, and are primarily related to the firm’s financial instruments owned, at fair value and financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value, including both derivative and non-derivative financial instruments.

• Gains/(losses) exclude related interest income and interest expense. See Note 23 for further information about interest income and interest expense.

• Gains/(losses) on other principal transactions are included in the firm’s Investing & Lending segment. See Note 25 for net revenues, including net interest income, by product type for Investing & Lending, as well as the amount of net interest income included in Investing & Lending.

• Gains/(losses) are not representative of the manner in which the firm manages its business activities because many of the firm’s market-making and client facilitation strategies utilize financial instruments across various product types. Accordingly, gains or losses in one product type frequently offset gains or losses in other product types. For example, most of the firm’s longer-term derivatives across product types are sensitive to changes in interest rates and may be economically hedged with interest rate swaps. Similarly, a significant portion of the firm’s cash instruments and derivatives across product types has exposure to foreign currencies and may be economically hedged with foreign currency contracts.

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Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Note 5.

Fair Value Measurements

The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Financial assets are marked to bid prices and financial liabilities are marked to offer prices. Fair value measurements do not include transaction costs. The firm measures certain financial assets and financial liabilities as a portfolio (i.e., based on its net exposure to market and/or credit risks).

The best evidence of fair value is a quoted price in an active market. If quoted prices in active markets are not available, fair value is determined by reference to prices for similar instruments, quoted prices or recent transactions in less active markets, or internally developed models that primarily use market-based or independently sourced inputs including, but not limited to, interest rates, volatilities, equity or debt prices, foreign exchange rates, commodity prices, credit spreads and funding spreads (i.e., the spread or difference between the interest rate at which a borrower could finance a given financial instrument relative to a benchmark interest rate).

U.S. GAAP has a three-level fair value hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements. This hierarchy prioritizes inputs to the valuation techniques used to measure fair value, giving the highest priority to level 1 inputs and the lowest priority to level 3 inputs. A financial instrument’s level in this hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to its fair value measurement. In evaluating the significance of a valuation input, the firm considers, among other factors, a portfolio’s net risk exposure to that input. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

Level 1. Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets to which the firm had access at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 2. Inputs to valuation techniques are observable, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3. One or more inputs to valuation techniques are significant and unobservable.

The fair values for substantially all of the firm’s financial assets and financial liabilities are based on observable prices and inputs and are classified in levels 1 and 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Certain level 2 and level 3 financial assets and financial liabilities may require appropriate valuation adjustments that a market participant would require to arrive at fair value for factors such as counterparty and the firm’s credit quality, funding risk, transfer restrictions, liquidity and bid/offer spreads. Valuation adjustments are generally based on market evidence.

See Notes 6 through 8 for further information about fair value measurements of cash instruments, derivatives and other financial assets and financial liabilities accounted for at fair value primarily under the fair value option (including information about unrealized gains and losses related to level 3 financial assets and financial liabilities, and transfers in and out of level 3), respectively.

The table below presents financial assets and financial liabilities accounted for at fair value under the fair value option or in accordance with other U.S. GAAP. Counterparty and cash collateral netting represents the impact on derivatives of netting across levels of the fair value hierarchy. Netting among positions classified in the same level is included in that level.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Total level 1 financial assets		$135,401		$153,051
Total level 2 financial assets		419,585		432,445
Total level 3 financial assets		23,280		24,046
Investments in funds at NAV		6,465		7,757
Counterparty and cash collateral netting		(87,038	)	(90,612	)
Total financial assets at fair value		$497,693		$526,687
Total assets		$860,165		$861,395
Total level 3 financial assets divided by:
Total assets		2.7%		2.8%
Total financial assets at fair value		4.7%		4.6%
Total level 1 financial liabilities		$  62,504		$  59,798
Total level 2 financial liabilities		232,027		245,759
Total level 3 financial liabilities		21,448		16,812
Counterparty and cash collateral netting		(44,695	)	(41,430	)
Total financial liabilities at fair value		$271,284		$280,939
Total level 3 financial liabilities divided by total financial liabilities at fair value		7.9%		6.0%

In the table above, total assets includes $835 billion and $836 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, that is carried at fair value or at amounts that generally approximate fair value.

The table below presents a summary of level 3 financial assets.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Cash instruments		$  18,035	$  18,131
Derivatives		5,190	5,870
Other financial assets		55	45
Total		$  23,280	$  24,046

Level 3 financial assets as of December 2016 slightly decreased compared with December 2015, primarily reflecting a decrease in level 3 derivative assets. The decrease in level 3 derivative assets was primarily attributable to settlements and transfers out of level 3 of certain credit derivative assets. See Notes 6 through 8 for further information about level 3 financial assets.

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Cash Instruments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Text Block [Abstract]

Cash Instruments

Note 6.

Cash Instruments

Cash instruments include U.S. government and federal agency obligations, non-U.S. government and agency obligations, mortgage-backed loans and securities, corporate loans and debt securities, equities and convertible debentures, investments in funds at NAV, and other non-derivative financial instruments owned and financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased. See below for the types of cash instruments included in each level of the fair value hierarchy and the valuation techniques and significant inputs used to determine their fair values. See Note 5 for an overview of the firm’s fair value measurement policies.

Level 1 Cash Instruments

Level 1 cash instruments include certain money market instruments, U.S. government obligations, most non-U.S. government obligations, certain government agency obligations, certain corporate debt securities and actively traded listed equities. These instruments are valued using quoted prices for identical unrestricted instruments in active markets.

The firm defines active markets for equity instruments based on the average daily trading volume both in absolute terms and relative to the market capitalization for the instrument. The firm defines active markets for debt instruments based on both the average daily trading volume and the number of days with trading activity.

Level 2 Cash Instruments

Level 2 cash instruments include most money market instruments, most government agency obligations, certain non-U.S. government obligations, most mortgage-backed loans and securities, most corporate loans and debt securities, most state and municipal obligations, most other debt obligations, restricted or less liquid listed equities, commodities and certain lending commitments.

Valuations of level 2 cash instruments can be verified to quoted prices, recent trading activity for identical or similar instruments, broker or dealer quotations or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency. Consideration is given to the nature of the quotations (e.g., indicative or firm) and the relationship of recent market activity to the prices provided from alternative pricing sources.

Valuation adjustments are typically made to level 2 cash instruments (i) if the cash instrument is subject to transfer restrictions and/or (ii) for other premiums and liquidity discounts that a market participant would require to arrive at fair value. Valuation adjustments are generally based on market evidence.

Level 3 Cash Instruments

Level 3 cash instruments have one or more significant valuation inputs that are not observable. Absent evidence to the contrary, level 3 cash instruments are initially valued at transaction price, which is considered to be the best initial estimate of fair value. Subsequently, the firm uses other methodologies to determine fair value, which vary based on the type of instrument. Valuation inputs and assumptions are changed when corroborated by substantive observable evidence, including values realized on sales of financial assets.

Valuation Techniques and Significant Inputs of Level 3 Cash Instruments

Valuation techniques of level 3 cash instruments vary by instrument, but are generally based on discounted cash flow techniques. The valuation techniques and the nature of significant inputs used to determine the fair values of each type of level 3 cash instrument are described below:

Loans and Securities Backed by Commercial Real Estate. Loans and securities backed by commercial real estate are directly or indirectly collateralized by a single commercial real estate property or a portfolio of properties, and may include tranches of varying levels of subordination. Significant inputs are generally determined based on relative value analyses and include:

• Transaction prices in both the underlying collateral and instruments with the same or similar underlying collateral and the basis, or price difference, to such prices;

• Market yields implied by transactions of similar or related assets and/or current levels and changes in market indices such as the CMBX (an index that tracks the performance of commercial mortgage bonds);

• A measure of expected future cash flows in a default scenario (recovery rates) implied by the value of the underlying collateral, which is mainly driven by current performance of the underlying collateral, capitalization rates and multiples. Recovery rates are expressed as a percentage of notional or face value of the instrument and reflect the benefit of credit enhancements on certain instruments; and

• Timing of expected future cash flows (duration) which, in certain cases, may incorporate the impact of other unobservable inputs (e.g., prepayment speeds).

Loans and Securities Backed by Residential Real Estate. Loans and securities backed by residential real estate are directly or indirectly collateralized by portfolios of residential real estate and may include tranches of varying levels of subordination. Significant inputs are generally determined based on relative value analyses, which incorporate comparisons to instruments with similar collateral and risk profiles. Significant inputs include:

• Transaction prices in both the underlying collateral and instruments with the same or similar underlying collateral;

• Market yields implied by transactions of similar or related assets;

• Cumulative loss expectations, driven by default rates, home price projections, residential property liquidation timelines, related costs and subsequent recoveries; and

• Duration, driven by underlying loan prepayment speeds and residential property liquidation timelines.

Corporate Loans and Debt Securities. Corporate loans and debt securities includes bank loans and bridge loans and corporate debt securities. Significant inputs are generally determined based on relative value analyses, which incorporate comparisons both to prices of credit default swaps that reference the same or similar underlying instrument or entity and to other debt instruments for the same issuer for which observable prices or broker quotations are available. Significant inputs include:

• Market yields implied by transactions of similar or related assets and/or current levels and trends of market indices such as CDX and LCDX (indices that track the performance of corporate credit and loans, respectively);

• Current performance and recovery assumptions and, where the firm uses credit default swaps to value the related cash instrument, the cost of borrowing the underlying reference obligation; and

• Duration.

Equities and Convertible Debentures. Equities and convertible debentures include private equity investments and investments in real estate. Recent third-party completed or pending transactions (e.g., merger proposals, tender offers, debt restructurings) are considered to be the best evidence for any change in fair value. When these are not available, the following valuation methodologies are used, as appropriate:

• Industry multiples (primarily EBITDA multiples) and public comparables;

• Transactions in similar instruments;

• Discounted cash flow techniques; and

• Third-party appraisals.

The firm also considers changes in the outlook for the relevant industry and financial performance of the issuer as compared to projected performance. Significant inputs include:

• Market and transaction multiples;

• Discount rates, growth rates and capitalization rates; and

• For equity instruments with debt-like features, market yields implied by transactions of similar or related assets, current performance and recovery assumptions, and duration.

Other Cash Instruments. Other cash instruments consists of non-U.S. government and agency obligations, state and municipal obligations, and other debt obligations. Significant inputs are generally determined based on relative value analyses, which incorporate comparisons both to prices of credit default swaps that reference the same or similar underlying instrument or entity and to other debt instruments for the same issuer for which observable prices or broker quotations are available. Significant inputs include:

• Market yields implied by transactions of similar or related assets and/or current levels and trends of market indices;

• Current performance and recovery assumptions and, where the firm uses credit default swaps to value the related cash instrument, the cost of borrowing the underlying reference obligation; and

• Duration.

Fair Value of Cash Instruments by Level

The tables below present cash instrument assets and liabilities at fair value by level within the fair value hierarchy. In the tables below:

• Cash instrument assets and liabilities are included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value” and “Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value,” respectively.

• Cash instrument assets are shown as positive amounts and cash instrument liabilities are shown as negative amounts.

	As of December 2016
$ in millions		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Money market instruments		$       188		$  1,131		$       —		$    1,319
U.S. government and federal agency obligations		35,254		22,403		—		57,657
Non-U.S. government and agency obligations		22,433		6,933		15		29,381
Loans and securities backed by:
Commercial real estate		—		2,197		1,645		3,842
Residential real estate		—		11,350		845		12,195
Corporate loans and debt securities		215		23,804		4,640		28,659
State and municipal obligations		—		960		99		1,059
Other debt obligations		—		830		528		1,358
Equities and convertible debentures		77,276		7,153		10,263		94,692
Commodities		—		5,653		—		5,653
Subtotal		$135,366		$82,414		$18,035		$235,815
Investments in funds at NAV								6,465
Total cash instrument assets								$242,280
Liabilities
U.S. government and federal agency obligations		$ (16,615	)	$      (12	)	$       —		$ (16,627	)
Non-U.S. government and agency obligations		(19,137	)	(1,364	)	(1	)	(20,502	)
Loans and securities backed by residential real estate		—		(3	)	—		(3	)
Corporate loans and debt securities		(2	)	(6,524	)	(44	)	(6,570	)
Other debt obligations		—		(1	)	—		(1	)
Equities and convertible debentures		(25,768	)	(156	)	(17	)	(25,941	)
Total cash instrument liabilities		$ (61,522	)	$ (8,060	)	$      (62	)	$ (69,644	)
	As of December 2015
$ in millions		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Money market instruments		$    2,725		$  1,958		$       —		$    4,683
U.S. government and federal agency obligations		42,306		21,538		—		63,844
Non-U.S. government and agency obligations		26,500		5,260		12		31,772
Loans and securities backed by:
Commercial real estate		—		3,051		1,924		4,975
Residential real estate		—		11,418		1,765		13,183
Corporate loans and debt securities		218		23,344		5,242		28,804
State and municipal obligations		—		891		101		992
Other debt obligations		—		1,057		538		1,595
Equities and convertible debentures		81,252		8,271		8,549		98,072
Commodities		—		3,935		—		3,935
Subtotal		$153,001		$80,723		$18,131		$251,855
Investments in funds at NAV								7,757
Total cash instrument assets								$259,612
Liabilities
U.S. government and federal agency obligations		$ (15,455	)	$      (61	)	$       —		$ (15,516	)
Non-U.S. government and agency obligations		(13,522	)	(1,451	)	—		(14,973	)
Loans and securities backed by:
Commercial real estate		—		(4	)	—		(4	)
Residential real estate		—		(2	)	—		(2	)
Corporate loans and debt securities		(2	)	(6,456	)	(126	)	(6,584	)
State and municipal obligations		—		(2	)	—		(2	)
Other debt obligations		—		(1	)	(1	)	(2	)
Equities and convertible debentures		(30,790	)	(538	)	(66	)	(31,394	)
Total cash instrument liabilities		$ (59,769	)	$ (8,515	)	$    (193	)	$ (68,477	)

In the tables above:

• Total cash instrument assets include collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) and collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) backed by real estate and corporate obligations of $461 million and $405 million in level 2, and $624 million and $774 million in level 3 as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively.

• Level 3 equities and convertible debenture assets include $9.44 billion and $7.69 billion of private equity investments, $374 million and $308 million of investments in real estate entities, and $451 million and $552 million of convertible debentures as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively.

• Money market instruments include commercial paper, certificates of deposit and time deposits.

Significant Unobservable Inputs

The table below presents the amount of level 3 assets, and ranges and weighted averages of significant unobservable inputs used to value the firm’s level 3 cash instruments.

	Level 3 Assets and Range of Significant Unobservable Inputs (Weighted Average) as of December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Loans and securities backed by commercial real estate
Level 3 assets		$1,645		$1,924
Yield		3.7% to 23.0% (13.0%	)	3.5% to 22.0% (11.8%	)
Recovery rate		8.9% to 99.0% (60.6%	)	19.6% to 96.5% (59.4%	)
Duration (years)		0.8 to 6.2 (2.1	)	0.3 to 5.3 (2.3	)
Basis (points)		N/A		(11) to 4 ((2)	)
Loans and securities backed by residential real estate
Level 3 assets		$845		$1,765
Yield		0.8% to 15.6% (8.7%	)	3.2% to 17.0% (7.9%	)
Cumulative loss rate		8.9% to 47.1% (24.2%	)	4.6% to 44.2% (27.3%	)
Duration (years)		1.1 to 16.1 (7.3	)	1.5 to 13.8 (7.0	)
Corporate loans and debt securities
Level 3 assets		$4,640		$5,242
Yield		2.5% to 25.0% (10.3%	)	1.6% to 36.6% (10.7%	)
Recovery rate		0.0% to 85.0% (56.5%	)	0.0% to 85.6% (54.8%	)
Duration (years)		0.6 to 15.7 (2.9	)	0.7 to 6.1 (2.5	)
Equities and convertible debentures
Level 3 assets		$10,263		$8,549
Multiples		0.8x to 19.7x (6.8x	)	0.7x to 21.4x (6.4x	)
Discount rate/yield		6.5% to 25.0% (16.0%	)	7.1% to 20.0% (14.8%	)
Growth rate		N/A		3.0% to 5.2% (4.5%	)
Capitalization rate		4.2% to 12.5% (6.8%	)	5.5% to 12.5% (7.6%	)
Other cash instruments
Level 3 assets		$642		$651
Yield		1.9% to 14.0% (8.8%	)	0.9% to 17.9% (8.7%	)
Recovery rate		0.0% to 93.0% (61.4%	)	2.7% to 35.5% (25.0%	)
Duration (years)		0.9 to 12.0 (4.3	)	1.1 to 11.4 (7.0	)

In the table above:

• Ranges represent the significant unobservable inputs that were used in the valuation of each type of cash instrument.

• Weighted averages are calculated by weighting each input by the relative fair value of the cash instruments.

• The ranges and weighted averages of these inputs are not representative of the appropriate inputs to use when calculating the fair value of any one cash instrument. For example, the highest multiple for private equity investments is appropriate for valuing a specific private equity investment but may not be appropriate for valuing any other private equity investment. Accordingly, the ranges of inputs do not represent uncertainty in, or possible ranges of, fair value measurements of the firm’s level 3 cash instruments.

• Increases in yield, discount rate, capitalization rate, duration or cumulative loss rate used in the valuation of the firm’s level 3 cash instruments would result in a lower fair value measurement, while increases in recovery rate, basis, multiples or growth rate would result in a higher fair value measurement. Due to the distinctive nature of each of the firm’s level 3 cash instruments, the interrelationship of inputs is not necessarily uniform within each product type.

• Equities and convertible debentures include private equity investments and investments in real estate entities. Growth rate includes long-term growth rate and compound annual growth rate.

• Basis (points) and growth rate were not significant to the valuation of level 3 assets as of December 2016.

• Loans and securities backed by commercial and residential real estate, corporate loans and debt securities and other cash instruments are valued using discounted cash flows, and equities and convertible debentures are valued using market comparables and discounted cash flows.

• The fair value of any one instrument may be determined using multiple valuation techniques. For example, market comparables and discounted cash flows may be used together to determine fair value. Therefore, the level 3 balance encompasses both of these techniques.

Transfers Between Levels of the Fair Value Hierarchy

Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are reported at the beginning of the reporting period in which they occur. See “Level 3 Rollforward” below for information about transfers between level 2 and level 3.

During 2016, transfers into level 2 from level 1 of cash instruments were $135 million, reflecting transfers of public equity securities due to decreased market activity in these instruments. Transfers into level 1 from level 2 of cash instruments during 2016 were $267 million, reflecting transfers of public equity securities due to increased market activity in these instruments.

During 2015, transfers into level 2 from level 1 of cash instruments were $260 million, reflecting transfers of public equity securities primarily due to decreased market activity in these instruments. Transfers into level 1 from level 2 of cash instruments during 2015 were $283 million, reflecting transfers of public equity securities due to increased market activity in these instruments.

Level 3 Rollforward

The table below presents a summary of the changes in fair value for level 3 cash instrument assets and liabilities. In the table below:

• Changes in fair value are presented for all cash instrument assets and liabilities that are categorized as level 3 as of the end of the period.

• Net unrealized gains/(losses) relate to instruments that were still held at period-end.

• Purchases include originations and secondary purchases.

• If a cash instrument asset or liability was transferred to level 3 during a reporting period, its entire gain or loss for the period is included in level 3. For level 3 cash instrument assets, increases are shown as positive amounts, while decreases are shown as negative amounts. For level 3 cash instrument liabilities, increases are shown as negative amounts, while decreases are shown as positive amounts.

• Level 3 cash instruments are frequently economically hedged with level 1 and level 2 cash instruments and/or level 1, level 2 or level 3 derivatives. Accordingly, gains or losses that are reported in level 3 can be partially offset by gains or losses attributable to level 1 or level 2 cash instruments and/or level 1, level 2 or level 3 derivatives. As a result, gains or losses included in the level 3 rollforward below do not necessarily represent the overall impact on the firm’s results of operations, liquidity or capital resources.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Total cash instrument assets
Beginning balance		$18,131		$28,650
Net realized gains/(losses)		574		957
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		397		701
Purchases		3,072		3,840
Sales		(2,326	)	(3,842	)
Settlements		(3,503	)	(6,472	)
Transfers into level 3		3,405		1,798
Transfers out of level 3		(1,715	)	(7,501	)
Ending balance		$18,035		$18,131
Total cash instrument liabilities
Beginning balance		$    (193	)	$    (244	)
Net realized gains/(losses)		20		(28	)
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		19		(21	)
Purchases		91		205
Sales		(49	)	(38	)
Settlements		(7	)	(14	)
Transfers into level 3		(12	)	(116	)
Transfers out of level 3		69		63
Ending balance		$      (62	)	$    (193	)

The table below disaggregates, by product type, the information for cash instrument assets included in the summary table above.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Loans and securities backed by commercial real estate
Beginning balance		$  1,924		$  3,275
Net realized gains/(losses)		60		120
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		(19	)	44
Purchases		331		566
Sales		(320	)	(598	)
Settlements		(617	)	(1,569	)
Transfers into level 3		510		351
Transfers out of level 3		(224	)	(265	)
Ending balance		$  1,645		$  1,924
Loans and securities backed by residential real estate
Beginning balance		$  1,765		$  2,545
Net realized gains/(losses)		60		150
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		26		34
Purchases		298		564
Sales		(791	)	(609	)
Settlements		(278	)	(327	)
Transfers into level 3		73		188
Transfers out of level 3		(308	)	(780	)
Ending balance		$     845		$  1,765
Corporate loans and debt securities
Beginning balance		$  5,242		$10,606
Net realized gains/(losses)		261		406
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		34		(234	)
Purchases		1,078		1,279
Sales		(645	)	(1,668	)
Settlements		(1,823	)	(3,152	)
Transfers into level 3		1,023		752
Transfers out of level 3		(530	)	(2,747	)
Ending balance		$  4,640		$  5,242
Equities and convertible debentures
Beginning balance		$  8,549		$11,108
Net realized gains/(losses)		158		251
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		371		844
Purchases		1,122		1,295
Sales		(412	)	(744	)
Settlements		(634	)	(1,193	)
Transfers into level 3		1,732		466
Transfers out of level 3		(623	)	(3,478	)
Ending balance		$10,263		$  8,549
Other cash instruments
Beginning balance		$     651		$  1,116
Net realized gains/(losses)		35		30
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		(15	)	13
Purchases		243		136
Sales		(158	)	(223	)
Settlements		(151	)	(231	)
Transfers into level 3		67		41
Transfers out of level 3		(30	)	(231	)
Ending balance		$     642		$     651

Level 3 Rollforward Commentary

Year Ended December 2016. The net realized and unrealized gains on level 3 cash instrument assets of $971 million (reflecting $574 million of net realized gains and $397 million of net unrealized gains) for 2016 include gains/(losses) of approximately $(311) million, $625 million and $657 million reported in “Market making,” “Other principal transactions” and “Interest income,” respectively.

The net unrealized gain on level 3 cash instrument assets of $397 million for 2016 primarily reflected gains on private equity investments, principally driven by strong corporate performance and company-specific events.

Transfers into level 3 during 2016 primarily reflected transfers of certain private equity investments, corporate loans and debt securities, and loans and securities backed by commercial real estate from level 2, principally due to reduced price transparency as a result of a lack of market evidence, including fewer market transactions in these instruments.

Transfers out of level 3 during 2016 primarily reflected transfers of certain private equity investments, corporate loans and debt securities, and loans and securities backed by residential real estate to level 2, principally due to increased price transparency as a result of market evidence, including market transactions in these instruments.

Year Ended December 2015. The net realized and unrealized gains on level 3 cash instrument assets of $1.66 billion (reflecting $957 million of net realized gains and $701 million of net unrealized gains) for 2015 include gains/(losses) of approximately $(142) million, $1.08 billion and $718 million reported in “Market making,” “Other principal transactions” and “Interest income,” respectively.

The net unrealized gain on level 3 cash instrument assets of $701 million for 2015 primarily reflected gains on private equity investments, principally driven by company-specific events and strong corporate performance.

Transfers into level 3 during 2015 primarily reflected transfers of certain corporate loans and debt securities, private equity investments and loans and securities backed by commercial real estate from level 2, principally due to reduced price transparency as a result of a lack of market evidence, including fewer market transactions in these instruments.

Transfers out of level 3 during 2015 primarily reflected transfers of certain private equity investments, corporate loans and debt securities, and loans and securities backed by residential real estate to level 2, principally due to increased price transparency as a result of market evidence, including market transactions in these instruments, and transfers of certain corporate loans and debt securities to level 2 principally due to certain unobservable yield and duration inputs not being significant to the valuation of these instruments.

Investments in Funds at Net Asset Value Per Share

Cash instruments at fair value include investments in funds that are measured at NAV of the investment fund. The firm uses NAV to measure the fair value of its fund investments when (i) the fund investment does not have a readily determinable fair value and (ii) the NAV of the investment fund is calculated in a manner consistent with the measurement principles of investment company accounting, including measurement of the investments at fair value.

The firm’s investments in funds at NAV primarily consist of investments in firm-sponsored private equity, credit, real estate and hedge funds where the firm co-invests with third-party investors.

Private equity funds primarily invest in a broad range of industries worldwide, including leveraged buyouts, recapitalizations, growth investments and distressed investments. Credit funds generally invest in loans and other fixed income instruments and are focused on providing private high-yield capital for leveraged and management buyout transactions, recapitalizations, financings, refinancings, acquisitions and restructurings for private equity firms, private family companies and corporate issuers. Real estate funds invest globally, primarily in real estate companies, loan portfolios, debt recapitalizations and property. The private equity, credit and real estate funds are primarily closed-end funds in which the firm’s investments are generally not eligible for redemption. Distributions will be received from these funds as the underlying assets are liquidated or distributed.

The firm also invests in hedge funds, primarily multi-disciplinary hedge funds that employ a fundamental bottom-up investment approach across various asset classes and strategies. The firm’s investments in hedge funds primarily include interests where the underlying assets are illiquid in nature, and proceeds from redemptions will not be received until the underlying assets are liquidated or distributed.

Many of the funds described above are “covered funds” as defined by the Volcker Rule of the U.S. Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act). The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Federal Reserve Board) extended the conformance period for investments in, and relationships with, covered funds that were in place prior to December 2013 through July 2017, and in December 2016 permitted banking entities to apply for an extension of up to an additional five years for legacy “illiquid funds” (as defined by the Volcker Rule). The firm has applied for this extension for substantially all of its investments in, and relationships with, covered funds in the table below. To the extent that the firm does not receive an extension, the firm will be required to sell its interests in such funds by July 2017. If that occurs, the firm will likely receive a value for its interests that is significantly less than the then carrying value as there could be a limited secondary market for these investments and the firm may be unable to sell them in orderly transactions.

The table below presents the fair value of the firm’s investments in funds at NAV and related unfunded commitments.

$ in millions	Fair Value of Investments	Unfunded Commitments
As of December 2016
Private equity funds	$4,628	$1,393
Credit funds	421	166
Hedge funds	410	—
Real estate funds	1,006	272
Total	$6,465	$1,831
As of December 2015
Private equity funds	$5,414	$2,057
Credit funds	611	344
Hedge funds	560	—
Real estate funds	1,172	296
Total	$7,757	$2,697

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Derivatives and Hedging Activities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivatives and Hedging Activities

Note 7.

Derivatives and Hedging Activities

Derivative Activities

Derivatives are instruments that derive their value from underlying asset prices, indices, reference rates and other inputs, or a combination of these factors. Derivatives may be traded on an exchange (exchange-traded) or they may be privately negotiated contracts, which are usually referred to as OTC derivatives. Certain of the firm’s OTC derivatives are cleared and settled through central clearing counterparties (OTC-cleared), while others are bilateral contracts between two counterparties (bilateral OTC).

Market-Making. As a market maker, the firm enters into derivative transactions to provide liquidity to clients and to facilitate the transfer and hedging of their risks. In this role, the firm typically acts as principal and is required to commit capital to provide execution, and maintains inventory in response to, or in anticipation of, client demand.

Risk Management. The firm also enters into derivatives to actively manage risk exposures that arise from its market-making and investing and lending activities in derivative and cash instruments. The firm’s holdings and exposures are hedged, in many cases, on either a portfolio or risk-specific basis, as opposed to an instrument-by-instrument basis. The offsetting impact of this economic hedging is reflected in the same business segment as the related revenues. In addition, the firm may enter into derivatives designated as hedges under U.S. GAAP. These derivatives are used to manage interest rate exposure in certain fixed-rate unsecured long-term and short-term borrowings, and deposits, and to manage foreign currency exposure on the net investment in certain non-U.S. operations.

The firm enters into various types of derivatives, including:

• Futures and Forwards. Contracts that commit counterparties to purchase or sell financial instruments, commodities or currencies in the future.

• Swaps. Contracts that require counterparties to exchange cash flows such as currency or interest payment streams. The amounts exchanged are based on the specific terms of the contract with reference to specified rates, financial instruments, commodities, currencies or indices.

• Options. Contracts in which the option purchaser has the right, but not the obligation, to purchase from or sell to the option writer financial instruments, commodities or currencies within a defined time period for a specified price.

Derivatives are reported on a net-by-counterparty basis (i.e., the net payable or receivable for derivative assets and liabilities for a given counterparty) when a legal right of setoff exists under an enforceable netting agreement (counterparty netting). Derivatives are accounted for at fair value, net of cash collateral received or posted under enforceable credit support agreements (cash collateral netting). Derivative assets and liabilities are included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value” and “Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value,” respectively. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on derivatives not designated as hedges under ASC 815 are included in “Market making” and “Other principal transactions” in Note 4.

The tables below present the gross fair value and the notional amount of derivative contracts by major product type, the amounts of counterparty and cash collateral netting in the consolidated statements of financial condition, as well as cash and securities collateral posted and received under enforceable credit support agreements that do not meet the criteria for netting under U.S. GAAP.

	As of December 2016					As of December 2015
$ in millions		Derivative Assets		Derivative Liabilities			Derivative Assets		Derivative Liabilities
Not accounted for as hedges
Exchange-traded		$        443		$        382			$        310		$        280
OTC-cleared		189,471		168,946			211,272		192,401
Bilateral OTC		309,037		289,491			345,516		321,458
Total interest rates		498,951		458,819			557,098		514,139
OTC-cleared		4,837		4,811			5,203		5,596
Bilateral OTC		21,530		18,770			35,679		31,179
Total credit		26,367		23,581			40,882		36,775
Exchange-traded		36		176			183		204
OTC-cleared		796		798			165		128
Bilateral OTC		111,032		106,318			96,660		99,235
Total currencies		111,864		107,292			97,008		99,567
Exchange-traded		3,219		3,187			2,997		3,623
OTC-cleared		189		197			232		233
Bilateral OTC		8,945		10,487			17,445		17,215
Total commodities		12,353		13,871			20,674		21,071
Exchange-traded		8,576		8,064			9,372		7,908
Bilateral OTC		39,516		45,826			37,788		38,290
Total equities		48,092		53,890			47,160		46,198
Subtotal		697,627		657,453			762,822		717,750
Accounted for as hedges
OTC-cleared		4,347		156			4,567		85
Bilateral OTC		4,180		10			6,660		20
Total interest rates		8,527		166			11,227		105
OTC-cleared		30		40			24		6
Bilateral OTC		55		64			116		27
Total currencies		85		104			140		33
Subtotal		8,612		270			11,367		138
Total gross fair value		$ 706,239		$ 657,723			$ 774,189		$ 717,888
Offset in the consolidated statements of financial condition
Exchange-traded		$    (9,727	)	$    (9,727	)		$    (9,398	)	$    (9,398	)
OTC-cleared		(171,864	)	(171,864	)		(194,928	)	(194,928	)
Bilateral OTC		(385,647	)	(385,647	)		(426,841	)	(426,841	)
Total counterparty netting		(567,238	)	(567,238	)		(631,167	)	(631,167	)
OTC-cleared		(27,560	)	(2,940	)		(26,151	)	(3,305	)
Bilateral OTC		(57,769	)	(40,046	)		(62,981	)	(36,645	)
Total cash collateral netting		(85,329	)	(42,986	)		(89,132	)	(39,950	)
Total amounts offset		$(652,567	)	$(610,224	)		$(720,299	)	$(671,117	)
Included in the consolidated statements of financial condition
Exchange-traded		$     2,547		$     2,082			$     3,464		$     2,617
OTC-cleared		246		144			384		216
Bilateral OTC		50,879		45,273			50,042		43,938
Total		$   53,672		$   47,499			$   53,890		$   46,771
Not offset in the consolidated statements of financial condition
Cash collateral		$       (535	)	$    (2,085	)		$       (498	)	$    (1,935	)
Securities collateral		(15,518	)	(10,224	)		(14,008	)	(10,044	)
Total		$   37,619		$   35,190			$   39,384		$   34,792

	Notional Amounts as of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Not accounted for as hedges
Exchange-traded		$  4,425,532	$  4,402,843
OTC-cleared		16,646,145	20,738,687
Bilateral OTC		11,131,442	12,953,830
Total interest rates		32,203,119	38,095,360
OTC-cleared		378,432	339,244
Bilateral OTC		1,045,913	1,552,806
Total credit		1,424,345	1,892,050
Exchange-traded		13,800	13,073
OTC-cleared		62,799	14,617
Bilateral OTC		5,576,748	5,461,940
Total currencies		5,653,347	5,489,630
Exchange-traded		227,707	203,465
OTC-cleared		3,506	2,839
Bilateral OTC		196,899	230,750
Total commodities		428,112	437,054
Exchange-traded		605,335	528,419
Bilateral OTC		959,112	927,078
Total equities		1,564,447	1,455,497
Subtotal		41,273,370	47,369,591
Accounted for as hedges
OTC-cleared		55,328	51,446
Bilateral OTC		36,607	62,022
Total interest rates		91,935	113,468
OTC-cleared		1,703	1,333
Bilateral OTC		8,544	8,615
Total currencies		10,247	9,948
Subtotal		102,182	123,416
Total notional amount		$41,375,552	$47,493,007

In the tables above:

• Gross fair values exclude the effects of both counterparty netting and collateral, and therefore are not representative of the firm’s exposure.

• Where the firm has received or posted collateral under credit support agreements, but has not yet determined such agreements are enforceable, the related collateral has not been netted.

• Notional amounts, which represent the sum of gross long and short derivative contracts, provide an indication of the volume of the firm’s derivative activity and do not represent anticipated losses.

• Total gross fair value of derivatives includes derivative assets and derivative liabilities of $19.92 billion and $20.79 billion, respectively, as of December 2016, and derivative assets and derivative liabilities of $17.09 billion and $18.16 billion, respectively, as of December 2015, which are not subject to an enforceable netting agreement or are subject to a netting agreement that the firm has not yet determined to be enforceable.

A clearing organization adopted a rule change in the first quarter of 2017 that requires transactions to be considered settled each day. Certain other clearing organizations allow for similar treatment. To the extent transactions with these clearing organizations are considered settled, the impact would be a reduction in gross interest rate and credit derivative assets and liabilities, and a corresponding decrease in counterparty and cash collateral netting, with no impact to the consolidated statements of financial condition.

Valuation Techniques for Derivatives

The firm’s level 2 and level 3 derivatives are valued using derivative pricing models (e.g., discounted cash flow models, correlation models, and models that incorporate option pricing methodologies, such as Monte Carlo simulations). Price transparency of derivatives can generally be characterized by product type, as described below.

• Interest Rate. In general, the key inputs used to value interest rate derivatives are transparent, even for most long-dated contracts. Interest rate swaps and options denominated in the currencies of leading industrialized nations are characterized by high trading volumes and tight bid/offer spreads. Interest rate derivatives that reference indices, such as an inflation index, or the shape of the yield curve (e.g., 10-year swap rate vs. 2-year swap rate) are more complex, but the key inputs are generally observable.

• Credit. Price transparency for credit default swaps, including both single names and baskets of credits, varies by market and underlying reference entity or obligation. Credit default swaps that reference indices, large corporates and major sovereigns generally exhibit the most price transparency. For credit default swaps with other underliers, price transparency varies based on credit rating, the cost of borrowing the underlying reference obligations, and the availability of the underlying reference obligations for delivery upon the default of the issuer. Credit default swaps that reference loans, asset-backed securities and emerging market debt instruments tend to have less price transparency than those that reference corporate bonds. In addition, more complex credit derivatives, such as those sensitive to the correlation between two or more underlying reference obligations, generally have less price transparency.

• Currency. Prices for currency derivatives based on the exchange rates of leading industrialized nations, including those with longer tenors, are generally transparent. The primary difference between the price transparency of developed and emerging market currency derivatives is that emerging markets tend to be observable for contracts with shorter tenors.

• Commodity. Commodity derivatives include transactions referenced to energy (e.g., oil and natural gas), metals (e.g., precious and base) and soft commodities (e.g., agricultural). Price transparency varies based on the underlying commodity, delivery location, tenor and product quality (e.g., diesel fuel compared to unleaded gasoline). In general, price transparency for commodity derivatives is greater for contracts with shorter tenors and contracts that are more closely aligned with major and/or benchmark commodity indices.

• Equity. Price transparency for equity derivatives varies by market and underlier. Options on indices and the common stock of corporates included in major equity indices exhibit the most price transparency. Equity derivatives generally have observable market prices, except for contracts with long tenors or reference prices that differ significantly from current market prices. More complex equity derivatives, such as those sensitive to the correlation between two or more individual stocks, generally have less price transparency.

Liquidity is essential to observability of all product types. If transaction volumes decline, previously transparent prices and other inputs may become unobservable. Conversely, even highly structured products may at times have trading volumes large enough to provide observability of prices and other inputs. See Note 5 for an overview of the firm’s fair value measurement policies.

Level 1 Derivatives

Level 1 derivatives include short-term contracts for future delivery of securities when the underlying security is a level 1 instrument, and exchange-traded derivatives if they are actively traded and are valued at their quoted market price.

Level 2 Derivatives

Level 2 derivatives include OTC derivatives for which all significant valuation inputs are corroborated by market evidence and exchange-traded derivatives that are not actively traded and/or that are valued using models that calibrate to market-clearing levels of OTC derivatives.

The selection of a particular model to value a derivative depends on the contractual terms of and specific risks inherent in the instrument, as well as the availability of pricing information in the market. For derivatives that trade in liquid markets, model selection does not involve significant management judgment because outputs of models can be calibrated to market-clearing levels.

Valuation models require a variety of inputs, such as contractual terms, market prices, yield curves, discount rates (including those derived from interest rates on collateral received and posted as specified in credit support agreements for collateralized derivatives), credit curves, measures of volatility, prepayment rates, loss severity rates and correlations of such inputs. Significant inputs to the valuations of level 2 derivatives can be verified to market transactions, broker or dealer quotations or other alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency. Consideration is given to the nature of the quotations (e.g., indicative or firm) and the relationship of recent market activity to the prices provided from alternative pricing sources.

Level 3 Derivatives

Level 3 derivatives are valued using models which utilize observable level 1 and/or level 2 inputs, as well as unobservable level 3 inputs. The significant unobservable inputs used to value the firm’s level 3 derivatives are described below.

• For the majority of the firm’s interest rate and currency derivatives classified within level 3, significant unobservable inputs include correlations of certain currencies and interest rates (e.g., the correlation between Euro inflation and Euro interest rates) and specific interest rate volatilities.

• For level 3 credit derivatives, significant unobservable inputs include illiquid credit spreads and upfront credit points, which are unique to specific reference obligations and reference entities, recovery rates and certain correlations required to value credit derivatives (e.g., the likelihood of default of the underlying reference obligation relative to one another).

• For level 3 commodity derivatives, significant unobservable inputs include volatilities for options with strike prices that differ significantly from current market prices and prices or spreads for certain products for which the product quality or physical location of the commodity is not aligned with benchmark indices.

• For level 3 equity derivatives, significant unobservable inputs generally include equity volatility inputs for options that are long-dated and/or have strike prices that differ significantly from current market prices. In addition, the valuation of certain structured trades requires the use of level 3 correlation inputs, such as the correlation of the price performance of two or more individual stocks or the correlation of the price performance for a basket of stocks to another asset class such as commodities.

Subsequent to the initial valuation of a level 3 derivative, the firm updates the level 1 and level 2 inputs to reflect observable market changes and any resulting gains and losses are recorded in level 3. Level 3 inputs are changed when corroborated by evidence such as similar market transactions, third-party pricing services and/or broker or dealer quotations or other empirical market data. In circumstances where the firm cannot verify the model value by reference to market transactions, it is possible that a different valuation model could produce a materially different estimate of fair value. See below for further information about significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of level 3 derivatives.

Valuation Adjustments

Valuation adjustments are integral to determining the fair value of derivative portfolios and are used to adjust the mid-market valuations produced by derivative pricing models to the appropriate exit price valuation. These adjustments incorporate bid/offer spreads, the cost of liquidity, credit valuation adjustments and funding valuation adjustments, which account for the credit and funding risk inherent in the uncollateralized portion of derivative portfolios. The firm also makes funding valuation adjustments to collateralized derivatives where the terms of the agreement do not permit the firm to deliver or repledge collateral received. Market-based inputs are generally used when calibrating valuation adjustments to market-clearing levels.

In addition, for derivatives that include significant unobservable inputs, the firm makes model or exit price adjustments to account for the valuation uncertainty present in the transaction.

Fair Value of Derivatives by Level

The tables below present the fair value of derivatives on a gross basis by level and major product type as well as the impact of netting, included in the consolidated statements of financial condition.

	As of December 2016
$ in millions		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Interest rates		$   46		$ 506,818		$    614		$  507,478
Credit		—		21,388		4,979		26,367
Currencies		—		111,762		187		111,949
Commodities		—		11,950		403		12,353
Equities		1		47,667		424		48,092
Gross fair value		47		699,585		6,607		706,239
Counterparty netting within levels		(12	)	(564,100	)	(1,417	)	(565,529	)
Subtotal		$   35		$ 135,485		$ 5,190		$  140,710
Cross-level counterparty netting								(1,709	)
Cash collateral netting								(85,329	)
Net fair value								$    53,672
Liabilities
Interest rates		$  (27	)	$(457,963	)	$   (995	)	$ (458,985	)
Credit		—		(21,106	)	(2,475	)	(23,581	)
Currencies		—		(107,212	)	(184	)	(107,396	)
Commodities		—		(13,541	)	(330	)	(13,871	)
Equities		(967	)	(49,083	)	(3,840	)	(53,890	)
Gross fair value		(994	)	(648,905	)	(7,824	)	(657,723	)
Counterparty netting within levels		12		564,100		1,417		565,529
Subtotal		$(982	)	$  (84,805	)	$(6,407	)	$   (92,194	)
Cross-level counterparty netting								1,709
Cash collateral netting								42,986
Net fair value								$   (47,499	)
	As of December 2015
$ in millions		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Interest rates		$     4		$ 567,761		$    560		$  568,325
Credit		—		34,832		6,050		40,882
Currencies		—		96,959		189		97,148
Commodities		—		20,087		587		20,674
Equities		46		46,491		623		47,160
Gross fair value		50		766,130		8,009		774,189
Counterparty netting within levels		—		(627,548	)	(2,139	)	(629,687	)
Subtotal		$   50		$ 138,582		$ 5,870		$  144,502
Cross-level counterparty netting								(1,480	)
Cash collateral netting								(89,132	)
Net fair value								$    53,890
Liabilities
Interest rates		$  (11	)	$(513,275	)	$   (958	)	$ (514,244	)
Credit		—		(33,518	)	(3,257	)	(36,775	)
Currencies		—		(99,377	)	(223	)	(99,600	)
Commodities		—		(20,222	)	(849	)	(21,071	)
Equities		(18	)	(43,953	)	(2,227	)	(46,198	)
Gross fair value		(29	)	(710,345	)	(7,514	)	(717,888	)
Counterparty netting within levels		—		627,548		2,139		629,687
Subtotal		$  (29	)	$  (82,797	)	$(5,375	)	$   (88,201	)
Cross-level counterparty netting								1,480
Cash collateral netting								39,950
Net fair value								$   (46,771	)

In the tables above:

• The gross fair values exclude the effects of both counterparty netting and collateral netting, and therefore are not representative of the firm’s exposure.

• Counterparty netting is reflected in each level to the extent that receivable and payable balances are netted within the same level and is included in counterparty netting within levels. Where the counterparty netting is across levels, the netting is reflected in cross-level counterparty netting.

• Derivative assets are shown as positive amounts and derivative liabilities are shown as negative amounts.

Significant Unobservable Inputs

The table below presents the amount of level 3 assets (liabilities), and ranges, averages and medians of significant unobservable inputs used to value the firm’s level 3 derivatives.

	Level 3 Assets (Liabilities) and Range of Significant Unobservable Inputs (Average/Median) as of December
$ in millions	2016	2015
Interest rates, net	$(381)	$(398)
Correlation	(10)% to 86% (56%/60%)	(25)% to 92% (53%/55%)
Volatility (bps)	31 to 151 (84/57)	31 to 152 (84/57)
Credit, net	$2,504	$2,793
Correlation	35% to 91% (65%/68%)	46% to 99% (68%/66%)
Credit spreads (bps)	1 to 993 (122/73)	1 to 1,019 (129/86)
Upfront credit points	0 to 100 (43/35)	0 to 100 (41/40)
Recovery rates	1% to 97% (58%/70%)	2% to 97% (58%/70%)
Currencies, net	$3	$(34)
Correlation	25% to 70% (50%/55%)	25% to 70% (50%/51%)
Commodities, net	$73	$(262)
Volatility	13% to 68% (33%/33%)	11% to 77% (35%/34%)
Natural gas spread	$(1.81) to $4.33 ($(0.14)/$(0.05))	$(1.32) to $4.15 ($(0.05)/$(0.01))
Oil spread	$(19.72) to $64.92 ($25.30/$16.43)	$(10.64) to $65.29 ($3.34/$(3.31))
Equities, net	$(3,416)	$(1,604)
Correlation	(39)% to 88% (41%/41%)	(65)% to 94% (42%/48%)
Volatility	5% to 72% (24%/23%)	5% to 76% (24%/23%)

In the table above:

• Derivative assets are shown as positive amounts and derivative liabilities are shown as negative amounts.

• Ranges represent the significant unobservable inputs that were used in the valuation of each type of derivative.

• Averages represent the arithmetic average of the inputs and are not weighted by the relative fair value or notional of the respective financial instruments. An average greater than the median indicates that the majority of inputs are below the average. For example, the difference between the average and the median for credit spreads and oil spread inputs indicates that the majority of the inputs fall in the lower end of the range.

• The ranges, averages and medians of these inputs are not representative of the appropriate inputs to use when calculating the fair value of any one derivative. For example, the highest correlation for interest rate derivatives is appropriate for valuing a specific interest rate derivative but may not be appropriate for valuing any other interest rate derivative. Accordingly, the ranges of inputs do not represent uncertainty in, or possible ranges of, fair value measurements of the firm’s level 3 derivatives.

• Interest rates, currencies and equities derivatives are valued using option pricing models, credit derivatives are valued using option pricing, correlation and discounted cash flow models, and commodities derivatives are valued using option pricing and discounted cash flow models.

• The fair value of any one instrument may be determined using multiple valuation techniques. For example, option pricing models and discounted cash flows models are typically used together to determine fair value. Therefore, the level 3 balance encompasses both of these techniques.

• Correlation within currencies and equities includes cross-product correlation.

• Natural gas spread represents the spread per million British thermal units of natural gas.

• Oil spread represents the spread per barrel of oil and refined products.

Range of Significant Unobservable Inputs

The following is information about the ranges of significant unobservable inputs used to value the firm’s level 3 derivative instruments:

• Correlation. Ranges for correlation cover a variety of underliers both within one market (e.g., equity index and equity single stock names) and across markets (e.g., correlation of an interest rate and a foreign exchange rate), as well as across regions. Generally, cross-product correlation inputs are used to value more complex instruments and are lower than correlation inputs on assets within the same derivative product type.

• Volatility. Ranges for volatility cover numerous underliers across a variety of markets, maturities and strike prices. For example, volatility of equity indices is generally lower than volatility of single stocks.

• Credit spreads, upfront credit points and recovery rates. The ranges for credit spreads, upfront credit points and recovery rates cover a variety of underliers (index and single names), regions, sectors, maturities and credit qualities (high-yield and investment-grade). The broad range of this population gives rise to the width of the ranges of significant unobservable inputs.

• Commodity prices and spreads. The ranges for commodity prices and spreads cover variability in products, maturities and delivery locations.

Sensitivity of Fair Value Measurement to Changes in Significant Unobservable Inputs

The following is a description of the directional sensitivity of the firm’s level 3 fair value measurements to changes in significant unobservable inputs, in isolation:

• Correlation. In general, for contracts where the holder benefits from the convergence of the underlying asset or index prices (e.g., interest rates, credit spreads, foreign exchange rates, inflation rates and equity prices), an increase in correlation results in a higher fair value measurement.

• Volatility. In general, for purchased options, an increase in volatility results in a higher fair value measurement.

• Credit spreads, upfront credit points and recovery rates. In general, the fair value of purchased credit protection increases as credit spreads or upfront credit points increase or recovery rates decrease. Credit spreads, upfront credit points and recovery rates are strongly related to distinctive risk factors of the underlying reference obligations, which include reference entity-specific factors such as leverage, volatility and industry, market-based risk factors, such as borrowing costs or liquidity of the underlying reference obligation, and macroeconomic conditions.

• Commodity prices and spreads. In general, for contracts where the holder is receiving a commodity, an increase in the spread (price difference from a benchmark index due to differences in quality or delivery location) or price results in a higher fair value measurement.

Due to the distinctive nature of each of the firm’s level 3 derivatives, the interrelationship of inputs is not necessarily uniform within each product type.

Level 3 Rollforward

The table below presents a summary of the changes in fair value for all level 3 derivatives. In the table below:

• Changes in fair value are presented for all derivative assets and liabilities that are categorized as level 3 as of the end of the period.

• Net unrealized gains/(losses) relate to instruments that were still held at period-end.

• If a derivative was transferred to level 3 during a reporting period, its entire gain or loss for the period is included in level 3. Transfers between levels are reported at the beginning of the reporting period in which they occur.

• Positive amounts for transfers into level 3 and negative amounts for transfers out of level 3 represent net transfers of derivative assets. Negative amounts for transfers into level 3 and positive amounts for transfers out of level 3 represent net transfers of derivative liabilities.

• A derivative with level 1 and/or level 2 inputs is classified in level 3 in its entirety if it has at least one significant level 3 input.

• If there is one significant level 3 input, the entire gain or loss from adjusting only observable inputs (i.e., level 1 and level 2 inputs) is classified as level 3.

• Gains or losses that have been reported in level 3 resulting from changes in level 1 or level 2 inputs are frequently offset by gains or losses attributable to level 1 or level 2 derivatives and/or level 1, level 2 and level 3 cash instruments. As a result, gains/(losses) included in the level 3 rollforward below do not necessarily represent the overall impact on the firm’s results of operations, liquidity or capital resources.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Total level 3 derivatives
Beginning balance		$    495		$    706
Net realized gains/(losses)		(37	)	67
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		777		679
Purchases		115		240
Sales		(3,557	)	(1,864	)
Settlements		782		1,498
Transfers into level 3		352		(4	)
Transfers out of level 3		(144	)	(827	)
Ending balance		$(1,217	)	$    495

The table below disaggregates, by product type, the information for level 3 derivatives included in the summary table above.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Interest rates, net
Beginning balance		$   (398	)	$     (40	)
Net realized gains/(losses)		(41	)	(53	)
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		(138	)	66
Purchases		5		3
Sales		(3	)	(31	)
Settlements		36		(144	)
Transfers into level 3		195		(149	)
Transfers out of level 3		(37	)	(50	)
Ending balance		$   (381	)	$   (398	)
Credit, net
Beginning balance		$ 2,793		$ 3,530
Net realized gains/(losses)		—		92
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		196		804
Purchases		20		80
Sales		(73	)	(237	)
Settlements		(516	)	(640	)
Transfers into level 3		179		206
Transfers out of level 3		(95	)	(1,042	)
Ending balance		$ 2,504		$ 2,793
Currencies, net
Beginning balance		$     (34	)	$   (267	)
Net realized gains/(losses)		(30	)	(49	)
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		(42	)	40
Purchases		14		32
Sales		(2	)	(10	)
Settlements		90		162
Transfers into level 3		1		(1	)
Transfers out of level 3		6		59
Ending balance		$        3		$     (34	)
Commodities, net
Beginning balance		$   (262	)	$(1,142	)
Net realized gains/(losses)		(23	)	34
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		101		(52	)
Purchases		24		—
Sales		(119	)	(234	)
Settlements		391		1,034
Transfers into level 3		(23	)	(35	)
Transfers out of level 3		(16	)	133
Ending balance		$      73		$   (262	)
Equities, net
Beginning balance		$(1,604	)	$(1,375	)
Net realized gains/(losses)		57		43
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		660		(179	)
Purchases		52		125
Sales		(3,360	)	(1,352	)
Settlements		781		1,086
Transfers into level 3		—		(25	)
Transfers out of level 3		(2	)	73
Ending balance		$(3,416	)	$(1,604	)

Level 3 Rollforward Commentary

Year Ended December 2016. The net realized and unrealized gains on level 3 derivatives of $740 million (reflecting $37 million of net realized losses and $777 million of net unrealized gains) for 2016, include gains/losses of approximately $980 million and $(240) million reported in “Market making” and “Other principal transactions” respectively.

The net unrealized gain on level 3 derivatives of $777 million for the year ended December 2016 was primarily attributable to gains on certain equity derivatives, reflecting the impact of an increase in equity prices.

Transfers into level 3 derivatives during 2016 primarily reflected transfers of certain interest rate derivative assets from level 2, principally due to reduced transparency of certain unobservable inputs used to value these derivatives, and transfers of certain credit derivative assets from level 2 primarily due to unobservable credit spread inputs becoming significant to the net risk of certain portfolios.

Transfers out of level 3 derivatives during 2016 primarily reflected transfers of certain credit derivatives assets to level 2, primarily due to unobservable credit spread inputs no longer being significant to the net risk of certain portfolios.

Year Ended December 2015. The net realized and unrealized gains on level 3 derivative assets and liabilities of $746 million (reflecting $67 million of net realized gains and $679 million of net unrealized gains) for 2015, include gains of approximately $518 million and $228 million reported in “Market making” and “Other principal transactions” respectively.

The net unrealized gain on level 3 derivatives of $679 million for 2015 was primarily attributable to gains on certain credit derivatives, reflecting the impact of wider credit spreads, and changes in foreign exchange and interest rates.

Transfers into level 3 derivatives during 2015 primarily reflected transfers of certain credit derivative assets from level 2, primarily due to unobservable credit spread inputs becoming significant to the valuations of these derivatives, and transfers of certain interest rate derivative liabilities from level 2, primarily due to certain unobservable inputs becoming significant to the valuations of these derivatives.

Transfers out of level 3 derivatives during 2015 primarily reflected transfers of certain credit derivative assets to level 2, principally due to increased transparency and reduced significance of certain unobservable credit spread inputs used to value these derivatives.

OTC Derivatives

The table below presents the fair values of OTC derivative assets and liabilities by tenor and major product type.

$ in millions	Less than 1 Year		1 - 5 Years		Greater than 5 Years		Total
As of December 2016
Assets
Interest rates	$  5,845		$18,376		$79,507		$103,728
Credit	1,763		2,695		4,889		9,347
Currencies	18,344		8,292		8,428		35,064
Commodities	3,273		1,415		179		4,867
Equities	3,141		9,249		1,341		13,731
Counterparty netting within tenors	(3,543	)	(5,550	)	(3,794	)	(12,887	)
Subtotal	$28,823		$34,477		$90,550		$153,850
Cross-tenor counterparty netting							(17,396	)
Cash collateral netting							(85,329	)
Total							$  51,125
Liabilities
Interest rates	$  5,679		$10,814		$38,812		$  55,305
Credit	2,060		3,328		1,167		6,555
Currencies	14,720		9,771		5,879		30,370
Commodities	2,546		1,555		2,315		6,416
Equities	7,000		10,426		2,614		20,040
Counterparty netting within tenors	(3,543	)	(5,550	)	(3,794	)	(12,887	)
Subtotal	$28,462		$30,344		$46,993		$105,799
Cross-tenor counterparty netting							(17,396	)
Cash collateral netting							(42,986	)
Total							$  45,417
As of December 2015
Assets
Interest rates	$  4,231		$23,278		$81,401		$108,910
Credit	1,664		4,547		5,842		12,053
Currencies	14,646		8,936		6,353		29,935
Commodities	6,228		3,897		231		10,356
Equities	4,806		7,091		1,550		13,447
Counterparty netting within tenors	(3,660	)	(5,751	)	(5,270	)	(14,681	)
Subtotal	$27,915		$41,998		$90,107		$160,020
Cross-tenor counterparty netting							(20,462	)
Cash collateral netting							(89,132	)
Total							$  50,426
Liabilities
Interest rates	$  5,323		$13,945		$35,592		$  54,860
Credit	1,804		4,704		1,437		7,945
Currencies	12,378		9,940		10,048		32,366
Commodities	4,464		3,136		2,526		10,126
Equities	5,154		5,802		2,994		13,950
Counterparty netting within tenors	(3,660	)	(5,751	)	(5,270	)	(14,681	)
Subtotal	$25,463		$31,776		$47,327		$104,566
Cross-tenor counterparty netting							(20,462	)
Cash collateral netting							(39,950	)
Total							$  44,154

In the table above:

• Tenor is based on expected duration for mortgage-related credit derivatives and generally on remaining contractual maturity for other derivatives.

• Counterparty netting within the same product type and tenor category is included within such product type and tenor category.

• Counterparty netting across product types within the same tenor category is included in counterparty netting within tenors. Where the counterparty netting is across tenor categories, the netting is reflected in cross-tenor counterparty netting.

Credit Derivatives

The firm enters into a broad array of credit derivatives in locations around the world to facilitate client transactions and to manage the credit risk associated with market-making and investing and lending activities. Credit derivatives are actively managed based on the firm’s net risk position.

Credit derivatives are individually negotiated contracts and can have various settlement and payment conventions. Credit events include failure to pay, bankruptcy, acceleration of indebtedness, restructuring, repudiation and dissolution of the reference entity.

The firm enters into the following types of credit derivatives:

• Credit Default Swaps. Single-name credit default swaps protect the buyer against the loss of principal on one or more bonds, loans or mortgages (reference obligations) in the event the issuer (reference entity) of the reference obligations suffers a credit event. The buyer of protection pays an initial or periodic premium to the seller and receives protection for the period of the contract. If there is no credit event, as defined in the contract, the seller of protection makes no payments to the buyer of protection. However, if a credit event occurs, the seller of protection is required to make a payment to the buyer of protection, which is calculated in accordance with the terms of the contract.

• Credit Options. In a credit option, the option writer assumes the obligation to purchase or sell a reference obligation at a specified price or credit spread. The option purchaser buys the right, but does not assume the obligation, to sell the reference obligation to, or purchase it from, the option writer. The payments on credit options depend either on a particular credit spread or the price of the reference obligation.

• Credit Indices, Baskets and Tranches. Credit derivatives may reference a basket of single-name credit default swaps or a broad-based index. If a credit event occurs in one of the underlying reference obligations, the protection seller pays the protection buyer. The payment is typically a pro-rata portion of the transaction’s total notional amount based on the underlying defaulted reference obligation. In certain transactions, the credit risk of a basket or index is separated into various portions (tranches), each having different levels of subordination. The most junior tranches cover initial defaults and once losses exceed the notional amount of these junior tranches, any excess loss is covered by the next most senior tranche in the capital structure.

• Total Return Swaps. A total return swap transfers the risks relating to economic performance of a reference obligation from the protection buyer to the protection seller. Typically, the protection buyer receives from the protection seller a floating rate of interest and protection against any reduction in fair value of the reference obligation, and in return the protection seller receives the cash flows associated with the reference obligation, plus any increase in the fair value of the reference obligation.

The firm economically hedges its exposure to written credit derivatives primarily by entering into offsetting purchased credit derivatives with identical underliers. Substantially all of the firm’s purchased credit derivative transactions are with financial institutions and are subject to stringent collateral thresholds. In addition, upon the occurrence of a specified trigger event, the firm may take possession of the reference obligations underlying a particular written credit derivative, and consequently may, upon liquidation of the reference obligations, recover amounts on the underlying reference obligations in the event of default.

As of December 2016, written and purchased credit derivatives had total gross notional amounts of $690.47 billion and $733.98 billion, respectively, for total net notional purchased protection of $43.51 billion. As of December 2015, written and purchased credit derivatives had total gross notional amounts of $923.48 billion and $968.68 billion, respectively, for total net notional purchased protection of $45.20 billion. Substantially all of the firm’s written and purchased credit derivatives are credit default swaps.

The table below presents certain information about credit derivatives.

	Credit Spread on Underlier (basis points)
$ in millions		0 - 250	251 - 500		501 - 1,000		Greater than 1,000		Total
As of December 2016
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Written Credit Derivatives by Tenor
Less than 1 year		$207,727	$  5,819		$  1,016		$   8,629		$223,191
1 – 5 years		375,208	17,255		8,643		7,986		409,092
Greater than 5 years		52,977	3,928		1,045		233		58,183
Total		$635,912	$27,002		$10,704		$ 16,848		$690,466
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Purchased Credit Derivatives
Offsetting		$558,305	$20,588		$10,133		$ 15,186		$604,212
Other		119,509	7,712		1,098		1,446		129,765
Fair Value of Written Credit Derivatives
Asset		$  13,919	$     606		$     187		$        45		$  14,757
Liability		2,436	902		809		5,686		9,833
Net asset/(liability)		$  11,483	$    (296	)	$    (622	)	$  (5,641	)	$    4,924
As of December 2015
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Written Credit Derivatives by Tenor
Less than 1 year		$240,468	$  2,859		$  2,881		$ 10,533		$256,741
1 – 5 years		514,986	42,399		16,327		26,271		599,983
Greater than 5 years		57,054	6,481		1,567		1,651		66,753
Total		$812,508	$51,739		$20,775		$ 38,455		$923,477
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Purchased Credit Derivatives
Offsetting		$722,436	$46,313		$19,556		$ 33,266		$821,571
Other		132,757	6,383		3,372		4,598		147,110
Fair Value of Written Credit Derivatives
Asset		$  17,110	$     924		$     108		$      190		$  18,332
Liability		2,756	2,596		1,942		12,485		19,779
Net asset/(liability)		$  14,354	$ (1,672	)	$ (1,834	)	$(12,295	)	$   (1,447	)

In the table above:

• Fair values exclude the effects of both netting of receivable balances with payable balances under enforceable netting agreements, and netting of cash received or posted under enforceable credit support agreements, and therefore are not representative of the firm’s credit exposure.

• Tenor is based on expected duration for mortgage-related credit derivatives and on remaining contractual maturity for other credit derivatives.

• The credit spread on the underlier, together with the tenor of the contract, are indicators of payment/performance risk. The firm is less likely to pay or otherwise be required to perform where the credit spread and the tenor are lower.

• Offsetting purchased credit derivatives represent the notional amount of purchased credit derivatives that economically hedge written credit derivatives with identical underliers and are included in offsetting.

• Other purchased credit derivatives represent the notional amount of all other purchased credit derivatives not included in offsetting.

Impact of Credit Spreads on Derivatives

On an ongoing basis, the firm realizes gains or losses relating to changes in credit risk through the unwind of derivative contracts and changes in credit mitigants.

The net gain, including hedges, attributable to the impact of changes in credit exposure and credit spreads (counterparty and the firm’s) on derivatives was $85 million for 2016, $9 million for 2015 and $135 million for 2014.

Bifurcated Embedded Derivatives

The table below presents the fair value and the notional amount of derivatives that have been bifurcated from their related borrowings. These derivatives, which are recorded at fair value, primarily consist of interest rate, equity and commodity products and are included in “Unsecured short-term borrowings” and “Unsecured long-term borrowings” with the related borrowings. See Note 8 for further information.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Fair value of assets		$   676	$   466
Fair value of liabilities		864	794
Net liability		$   188	$   328
Notional amount		$8,726	$7,869

Derivatives with Credit-Related Contingent Features

Certain of the firm’s derivatives have been transacted under bilateral agreements with counterparties who may require the firm to post collateral or terminate the transactions based on changes in the firm’s credit ratings. The firm assesses the impact of these bilateral agreements by determining the collateral or termination payments that would occur assuming a downgrade by all rating agencies. A downgrade by any one rating agency, depending on the agency’s relative ratings of the firm at the time of the downgrade, may have an impact which is comparable to the impact of a downgrade by all rating agencies.

The table below presents the aggregate fair value of net derivative liabilities under such agreements (excluding application of collateral posted to reduce these liabilities), the related aggregate fair value of the assets posted as collateral and the additional collateral or termination payments that could have been called at the reporting date by counterparties in the event of a one-notch and two-notch downgrade in the firm’s credit ratings.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Net derivative liabilities under bilateral agreements		$32,927	$29,836
Collateral posted		27,840	26,075
Additional collateral or termination payments:
One-notch downgrade		677	1,061
Two-notch downgrade		2,216	2,689

Hedge Accounting

The firm applies hedge accounting for (i) certain interest rate swaps used to manage the interest rate exposure of certain fixed-rate unsecured long-term and short-term borrowings and certain fixed-rate certificates of deposit and (ii) certain foreign currency forward contracts and foreign currency-denominated debt used to manage foreign currency exposures on the firm’s net investment in certain non-U.S. operations.

To qualify for hedge accounting, the hedging instrument must be highly effective at reducing the risk from the exposure being hedged. Additionally, the firm must formally document the hedging relationship at inception and test the hedging relationship at least on a quarterly basis to ensure the hedging instrument continues to be highly effective over the life of the hedging relationship.

Fair Value Hedges

The firm designates certain interest rate swaps as fair value hedges. These interest rate swaps hedge changes in fair value attributable to the designated benchmark interest rate (e.g., London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) or Overnight Index Swap Rate (OIS)), effectively converting a substantial portion of fixed-rate obligations into floating-rate obligations.

The firm applies a statistical method that utilizes regression analysis when assessing the effectiveness of its fair value hedging relationships in achieving offsetting changes in the fair values of the hedging instrument and the risk being hedged (i.e., interest rate risk). An interest rate swap is considered highly effective in offsetting changes in fair value attributable to changes in the hedged risk when the regression analysis results in a coefficient of determination of 80% or greater and a slope between 80% and 125%.

For qualifying fair value hedges, gains or losses on derivatives are included in “Interest expense.” The change in fair value of the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged is reported as an adjustment to its carrying value and is subsequently amortized into interest expense over its remaining life. Gains or losses resulting from hedge ineffectiveness are included in “Interest expense.” When a derivative is no longer designated as a hedge, any remaining difference between the carrying value and par value of the hedged item is amortized to interest expense over the remaining life of the hedged item using the effective interest method. See Note 23 for further information about interest income and interest expense.

The table below presents the gains/(losses) from interest rate derivatives accounted for as hedges, the related hedged borrowings and deposits, and the hedge ineffectiveness on these derivatives, which primarily consists of amortization of prepaid credit spreads resulting from the passage of time.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015		2014
Interest rate hedges		$(1,480	)	$(1,613	)	$ 1,936
Hedged borrowings and deposits		834		898		(2,451	)
Hedge ineffectiveness		$   (646	)	$   (715	)	$   (515	)

Net Investment Hedges

The firm seeks to reduce the impact of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates on its net investments in certain non-U.S. operations through the use of foreign currency forward contracts and foreign currency-denominated debt. For foreign currency forward contracts designated as hedges, the effectiveness of the hedge is assessed based on the overall changes in the fair value of the forward contracts (i.e., based on changes in forward rates). For foreign currency-denominated debt designated as a hedge, the effectiveness of the hedge is assessed based on changes in spot rates.

For qualifying net investment hedges, the gains or losses on the hedging instruments, to the extent effective, are included in “Currency translation” in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

The table below presents the gains/(losses) from net investment hedging.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015		2014
Hedges:
Foreign currency forward contract		$135		$695		$576
Foreign currency-denominated debt		(85	)	(9	)	202

The gain/(loss) related to ineffectiveness was not material for 2016, 2015 or 2014. The gain reclassified to earnings from accumulated other comprehensive income was $167 million for 2016 and was not material for 2015 or 2014.

As of December 2016 and December 2015, the firm had designated $1.69 billion and $2.20 billion, respectively, of foreign currency-denominated debt, included in “Unsecured long-term borrowings” and “Unsecured short-term borrowings,” as hedges of net investments in non-U.S. subsidiaries.

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Fair Value Option

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Option

Note 8.

Fair Value Option

Other Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities at Fair Value

In addition to all cash and derivative instruments included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value” and “Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value,” the firm accounts for certain of its other financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value primarily under the fair value option. The primary reasons for electing the fair value option are to:

• Reflect economic events in earnings on a timely basis;

• Mitigate volatility in earnings from using different measurement attributes (e.g., transfers of financial instruments owned accounted for as financings are recorded at fair value whereas the related secured financing would be recorded on an accrual basis absent electing the fair value option); and

• Address simplification and cost-benefit considerations (e.g., accounting for hybrid financial instruments at fair value in their entirety versus bifurcation of embedded derivatives and hedge accounting for debt hosts).

Hybrid financial instruments are instruments that contain bifurcatable embedded derivatives and do not require settlement by physical delivery of non-financial assets (e.g., physical commodities). If the firm elects to bifurcate the embedded derivative from the associated debt, the derivative is accounted for at fair value and the host contract is accounted for at amortized cost, adjusted for the effective portion of any fair value hedges. If the firm does not elect to bifurcate, the entire hybrid financial instrument is accounted for at fair value under the fair value option.

Other financial assets and financial liabilities accounted for at fair value under the fair value option include:

• Repurchase agreements and substantially all resale agreements;

• Securities borrowed and loaned within Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution;

• Substantially all other secured financings, including transfers of assets accounted for as financings rather than sales;

• Certain unsecured short-term borrowings, consisting of all commercial paper and certain hybrid financial instruments;

• Certain unsecured long-term borrowings, including certain prepaid commodity transactions and certain hybrid financial instruments;

• Certain receivables from customers and counterparties, including transfers of assets accounted for as secured loans rather than purchases and certain margin loans;

• Certain time deposits issued by the firm’s bank subsidiaries (deposits with no stated maturity are not eligible for a fair value option election), including structured certificates of deposit, which are hybrid financial instruments; and

• Certain subordinated liabilities of consolidated VIEs.

Fair Value of Other Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities by Level

The table below presents, by level within the fair value hierarchy, other financial assets and financial liabilities accounted for at fair value primarily under the fair value option.

$ in millions	Level 1	Level 2		Level 3		Total
As of December 2016
Assets
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	$  —	$ 116,077		$         —		$ 116,077
Securities borrowed	—	82,398		—		82,398
Receivables from customers and counterparties	—	3,211		55		3,266
Total	$  —	$ 201,686		$        55		$ 201,741
Liabilities
Deposits	$  —	$  (10,609	)	$  (3,173	)	$  (13,782)
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	—	(71,750	)	(66	)	(71,816)
Securities loaned	—	(2,647	)	—		(2,647)
Other secured financings	—	(20,516	)	(557	)	(21,073)
Unsecured borrowings:
Short-term	—	(10,896	)	(3,896	)	(14,792)
Long-term	—	(22,185	)	(7,225	)	(29,410)
Other liabilities and accrued expenses	—	(559	)	(62	)	(621)
Total	$  —	$(139,162	)	$(14,979	)	$(154,141)
As of December 2015
Assets
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	$  —	$ 132,853		$         —		$ 132,853
Securities borrowed	—	75,340		—		75,340
Receivables from customers and counterparties	—	4,947		45		4,992
Total	$  —	$ 213,140		$         45		$ 213,185
Liabilities
Deposits	$  —	$  (12,465	)	$  (2,215	)	$  (14,680)
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	—	(85,998	)	(71	)	(86,069)
Securities loaned	—	(466	)	—		(466)
Other secured financings	—	(22,658	)	(549	)	(23,207)
Unsecured borrowings:
Short-term	—	(13,610	)	(4,133	)	(17,743)
Long-term	—	(18,049	)	(4,224	)	(22,273)
Other liabilities and accrued expenses	—	(1,201	)	(52	)	(1,253)
Total	$  —	$(154,447	)	$(11,244	)	$(165,691)

In the table above, other financial assets are shown as positive amounts and other financial liabilities are shown as negative amounts.

Valuation Techniques and Significant Inputs

Other financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value are generally valued based on discounted cash flow techniques, which incorporate inputs with reasonable levels of price transparency, and are generally classified as level 2 because the inputs are observable. Valuation adjustments may be made for liquidity and for counterparty and the firm’s credit quality.

See below for information about the significant inputs used to value other financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value, including the ranges of significant unobservable inputs used to value the level 3 instruments within these categories. These ranges represent the significant unobservable inputs that were used in the valuation of each type of other financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value. The ranges and weighted averages of these inputs are not representative of the appropriate inputs to use when calculating the fair value of any one instrument. For example, the highest yield presented below for other secured financings is appropriate for valuing a specific agreement in that category but may not be appropriate for valuing any other agreements in that category. Accordingly, the ranges of inputs presented below do not represent uncertainty in, or possible ranges of, fair value measurements of the firm’s level 3 other financial assets and financial liabilities.

Resale and Repurchase Agreements and Securities Borrowed and Loaned. The significant inputs to the valuation of resale and repurchase agreements and securities borrowed and loaned are funding spreads, the amount and timing of expected future cash flows and interest rates. As of both December 2016 and December 2015, the firm had no level 3 resale agreements, securities borrowed or securities loaned. As of both December 2016 and December 2015, the firm’s level 3 repurchase agreements were not material. See Note 10 for further information about collateralized agreements and financings.

Other Secured Financings. The significant inputs to the valuation of other secured financings at fair value are the amount and timing of expected future cash flows, interest rates, funding spreads, the fair value of the collateral delivered by the firm (which is determined using the amount and timing of expected future cash flows, market prices, market yields and recovery assumptions) and the frequency of additional collateral calls. The ranges of significant unobservable inputs used to value level 3 other secured financings are as follows:

As of December 2016:

• Yield: 0.4% to 16.6% (weighted average: 3.5%)

• Duration: 0.1 to 5.7 years (weighted average: 2.3 years)

As of December 2015:

• Yield: 0.6% to 10.0% (weighted average: 2.7%)

• Duration: 1.6 to 8.8 years (weighted average: 2.8 years)

Generally, increases in funding spreads, yield or duration, in isolation, would result in a lower fair value measurement. Due to the distinctive nature of each of the firm’s level 3 other secured financings, the interrelationship of inputs is not necessarily uniform across such financings. See Note 10 for further information about collateralized agreements and financings.

Unsecured Short-term and Long-term Borrowings. The significant inputs to the valuation of unsecured short-term and long-term borrowings at fair value are the amount and timing of expected future cash flows, interest rates, the credit spreads of the firm, as well as commodity prices in the case of prepaid commodity transactions. The inputs used to value the embedded derivative component of hybrid financial instruments are consistent with the inputs used to value the firm’s other derivative instruments. See Note 7 for further information about derivatives. See Notes 15 and 16 for further information about unsecured short-term and long-term borrowings, respectively.

Certain of the firm’s unsecured short-term and long-term borrowings are included in level 3, substantially all of which are hybrid financial instruments. As the significant unobservable inputs used to value hybrid financial instruments primarily relate to the embedded derivative component of these borrowings, these inputs are incorporated in the firm’s derivative disclosures related to unobservable inputs in Note 7.

Receivables from Customers and Counterparties. Receivables from customers and counterparties at fair value are primarily comprised of transfers of assets accounted for as secured loans rather than purchases. The significant inputs to the valuation of such receivables are commodity prices, interest rates, the amount and timing of expected future cash flows and funding spreads. As of both December 2016 and December 2015, the firm’s level 3 receivables from customers and counterparties were not material.

Deposits. The significant inputs to the valuation of time deposits are interest rates and the amount and timing of future cash flows. The inputs used to value the embedded derivative component of hybrid financial instruments are consistent with the inputs used to value the firm’s other derivative instruments. See Note 7 for further information about derivatives. See Note 14 for further information about deposits.

The firm’s deposits that are included in level 3 are hybrid financial instruments. As the significant unobservable inputs used to value hybrid financial instruments primarily relate to the embedded derivative component of these deposits, these inputs are incorporated in the firm’s derivative disclosures related to unobservable inputs in Note 7.

Transfers Between Levels of the Fair Value Hierarchy

Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are reported at the beginning of the reporting period in which they occur. There were no transfers of other financial assets and financial liabilities between level 1 and level 2 during 2016 or 2015. See “Level 3 Rollforward” below for information about transfers between level 2 and level 3.

Level 3 Rollforward

The table below presents a summary of the changes in fair value for other level 3 financial assets and financial liabilities accounted for at fair value. In the table below:

• Changes in fair value are presented for all other financial assets and liabilities that are categorized as level 3 as of the end of the period.

• Net unrealized gains/(losses) relate to instruments that were still held at period-end.

• If a financial asset or financial liability was transferred to level 3 during a reporting period, its entire gain or loss for the period is included in level 3. For level 3 other financial assets, increases are shown as positive amounts, while decreases are shown as negative amounts. For level 3 other financial liabilities, increases are shown as negative amounts, while decreases are shown as positive amounts.

• Level 3 other financial assets and liabilities are frequently economically hedged with cash instruments and derivatives. Accordingly, gains or losses that are reported in level 3 can be partially offset by gains or losses attributable to level 1, 2 or 3 cash instruments or derivatives. As a result, gains or losses included in the level 3 rollforward below do not necessarily represent the overall impact on the firm’s results of operations, liquidity or capital resources.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Total other financial assets
Beginning balance		$         45		$         56
Net realized gains/(losses)		6		2
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		1		2
Purchases		10		8
Settlements		(7	)	(22	)
Transfers out of level 3		—		(1	)
Ending balance		$         55		$         45
Total other financial liabilities
Beginning balance		$(11,244	)	$  (9,292	)
Net realized gains/(losses)		(99	)	75
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		(7	)	783
Purchases		(8	)	(1	)
Issuances		(10,236	)	(8,024	)
Settlements		5,983		3,604
Transfers into level 3		(759	)	(1,213	)
Transfers out of level 3		1,391		2,824
Ending balance		$(14,979	)	$(11,244	)

The table below disaggregates, by the consolidated statements of financial condition line items, the information for other financial liabilities included in the summary table above.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Deposits
Beginning balance		$(2,215	)	$(1,065	)
Net realized gains/(losses)		(22	)	(9	)
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		(89	)	56
Issuances		(993	)	(1,252	)
Settlements		146		55
Ending balance		$(3,173	)	$(2,215	)
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
Beginning balance		$     (71	)	$   (124	)
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		(6	)	(2	)
Settlements		11		55
Ending balance		$     (66	)	$     (71	)
Other secured financings
Beginning balance		$   (549	)	$(1,091	)
Net realized gains/(losses)		(8	)	(10	)
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		(3	)	34
Purchases		(5	)	(1	)
Issuances		(150	)	(504	)
Settlements		273		363
Transfers into level 3		(117	)	(85	)
Transfers out of level 3		2		745
Ending balance		$   (557	)	$   (549	)
Unsecured short-term borrowings
Beginning balance		$(4,133	)	$(3,712	)
Net realized gains/(losses)		(57	)	96
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		(115	)	355
Issuances		(3,837	)	(3,377	)
Settlements		3,492		2,275
Transfers into level 3		(370	)	(641	)
Transfers out of level 3		1,124		871
Ending balance		$(3,896	)	$(4,133	)
Unsecured long-term borrowings
Beginning balance		$(4,224	)	$(2,585	)
Net realized gains/(losses)		(27	)	(7	)
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		190		352
Purchases		(3	)	—
Issuances		(5,201	)	(2,888	)
Settlements		2,047		846
Transfers into level 3		(272	)	(464	)
Transfers out of level 3		265		522
Ending balance		$(7,225	)	$(4,224	)
Other liabilities and accrued expenses
Beginning balance		$     (52	)	$   (715	)
Net realized gains/(losses)		15		5
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		16		(12	)
Issuances		(55	)	(3	)
Settlements		14		10
Transfers into level 3		—		(23	)
Transfers out of level 3		—		686
Ending balance		$     (62	)	$     (52	)

Level 3 Rollforward Commentary

Year Ended December 2016. The net realized and unrealized losses on level 3 other financial liabilities of $106 million (reflecting $99 million of net realized losses and $7 million of net unrealized losses) for 2016 include losses of approximately $21 million and $10 million reported in “Market making” and “Interest expense,” respectively, in the consolidated statements of earnings and losses of $75 million reported in “Debt valuation adjustment” in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

The net unrealized loss on level 3 other financial liabilities of $7 million for 2016 primarily reflected losses on certain hybrid financial instruments included in unsecured short-term borrowings, principally due to an increase in global equity prices, and losses on certain hybrid financial instruments included in deposits, principally due to the impact of an increase in the market value of the underlying assets, partially offset by gains on certain hybrid financial instruments included in unsecured long-term borrowings, principally due to changes in foreign exchange rates.

Transfers into level 3 of other financial liabilities during 2016 primarily reflected transfers of certain hybrid financial instruments included in unsecured short-term and long-term borrowings from level 2, principally due to reduced transparency of certain inputs, including correlation and volatility inputs used to value these instruments.

Transfers out of level 3 of other financial liabilities during 2016 primarily reflected transfers of certain hybrid financial instruments included in unsecured short-term and long-term borrowings to level 2, principally due to increased transparency of correlation and volatility inputs used to value these instruments.

Year Ended December 2015. The net realized and unrealized gains on level 3 other financial liabilities of $858 million (reflecting $75 million of net realized gains and $783 million of net unrealized gains) for 2015 include gains/(losses) of approximately $841 million, $28 million and $(11) million reported in “Market making,” “Other principal transactions” and “Interest expense,” respectively.

The net unrealized gain on level 3 other financial liabilities of $783 million for 2015 primarily reflected gains on certain hybrid financial instruments included in unsecured short-term and long-term borrowings, principally due to a decrease in global equity prices, the impact of wider credit spreads, and changes in interest and foreign exchange rates.

Transfers into level 3 of other financial liabilities during 2015 primarily reflected transfers of certain hybrid financial instruments included in unsecured short-term and long-term borrowings from level 2, principally due to reduced transparency of certain correlation and volatility inputs used to value these instruments, and transfers from level 3 unsecured long-term borrowings to level 3 unsecured short-term borrowings, as these borrowings neared maturity.

Transfers out of level 3 of other financial liabilities during 2015 primarily reflected transfers of certain hybrid financial instruments included in unsecured short-term and long-term borrowings and certain other secured financings to level 2, principally due to increased transparency of certain correlation, volatility and funding spread inputs used to value these instruments, transfers to level 3 unsecured short-term borrowings from level 3 unsecured long-term borrowings, as these borrowings neared maturity, and transfers of certain subordinated liabilities included in other liabilities and accrued expenses to level 2, principally due to increased price transparency as a result of market transactions in the related underlying investments.

Gains and Losses on Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities Accounted for at Fair Value Under the Fair Value Option

The table below presents the gains and losses recognized in earnings as a result of the firm electing to apply the fair value option to certain financial assets and financial liabilities. These gains and losses are included in “Market making” and “Other principal transactions.” The table below also includes gains and losses on the embedded derivative component of hybrid financial instruments included in unsecured short-term borrowings, unsecured long-term borrowings and deposits. These gains and losses would have been recognized under other U.S. GAAP even if the firm had not elected to account for the entire hybrid financial instrument at fair value.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015		2014
Unsecured short-term borrowings		$(1,028	)	$ 346		$(1,180	)
Unsecured long-term borrowings		584		771		(592	)
Other liabilities and accrued expenses		(55	)	(684	)	(441	)
Other		(630	)	(217	)	(366	)
Total		$(1,129	)	$ 216		$(2,579	)

In the table above:

• Gains/(losses) exclude contractual interest, which is included in “Interest income” and “Interest expense,” for all instruments other than hybrid financial instruments. See Note 23 for further information about interest income and interest expense.

• Unsecured short-term borrowings includes gains/(losses) on the embedded derivative component of hybrid financial instruments of $(1.05) billion for 2016, $339 million for 2015 and $(1.22) billion for 2014, respectively.

• Unsecured long-term borrowings includes gains/(losses) on the embedded derivative component of hybrid financial instruments of $737 million for 2016, $653 million for 2015 and $(697) million for 2014, respectively.

• Other liabilities and accrued expenses includes gains/(losses) on certain subordinated liabilities of consolidated VIEs.

• Other primarily consists of gains/(losses) on receivables from customers and counterparties, deposits and other secured financings.

Excluding the gains and losses on the instruments accounted for under the fair value option described above, “Market making” and “Other principal transactions” primarily represent gains and losses on “Financial instruments owned, at fair value” and “Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value.”

Loans and Lending Commitments

The table below presents the difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate contractual principal amount for loans and long-term receivables for which the fair value option was elected. In the table below, the aggregate contractual principal amount of loans on non-accrual status and/or more than 90 days past due (which excludes loans carried at zero fair value and considered uncollectible) exceeds the related fair value primarily because the firm regularly purchases loans, such as distressed loans, at values significantly below the contractual principal amounts.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Performing loans and long-term receivables
Aggregate contractual principal in excess of fair value		$   478	$1,330
Loans on nonaccrual status and/or more than 90 days past due
Aggregate contractual principal in excess of fair value		8,101	9,600
Aggregate fair value of loans on nonaccrual status and/or more than 90 days past due		2,138	2,391

As of December 2016 and December 2015, the fair value of unfunded lending commitments for which the fair value option was elected was a liability of $80 million and $211 million, respectively, and the related total contractual amount of these lending commitments was $7.19 billion and $14.01 billion, respectively. See Note 18 for further information about lending commitments.

Long-Term Debt Instruments

The aggregate contractual principal amount of long-term other secured financings for which the fair value option was elected exceeded the related fair value by $361 million and $362 million as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively. The aggregate contractual principal amount of unsecured long-term borrowings for which the fair value option was elected exceeded the related fair value by $1.56 billion and $1.12 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively. The amounts above include both principal- and non-principal-protected long-term borrowings.

Impact of Credit Spreads on Loans and Lending Commitments

The estimated net gain attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit spreads on loans and lending commitments for which the fair value option was elected was $281 million for 2016, $751 million for 2015 and $1.83 billion for 2014, respectively. The firm generally calculates the fair value of loans and lending commitments for which the fair value option is elected by discounting future cash flows at a rate which incorporates the instrument-specific credit spreads. For floating-rate loans and lending commitments, substantially all changes in fair value are attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit spreads, whereas for fixed-rate loans and lending commitments, changes in fair value are also attributable to changes in interest rates.

Debt Valuation Adjustment

The firm calculates the fair value of financial liabilities for which the fair value option is elected by discounting future cash flows at a rate which incorporates the firm’s credit spreads. The net DVA on such financial liabilities was a loss of $844 million ($544 million, net of tax) for 2016 and was included in “Debt valuation adjustment” in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The gains/(losses) reclassified to earnings from accumulated other comprehensive loss upon extinguishment of such financial liabilities were not material for 2016.

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Loans Receivable

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Receivables [Abstract]

Loans Receivable

Note 9.

Loans Receivable

Loans receivable is comprised of loans held for investment that are accounted for at amortized cost net of allowance for loan losses. Interest on loans receivable is recognized over the life of the loan and is recorded on an accrual basis.

The table below presents details about loans receivable.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Corporate loans		$24,837		$20,740
Loans to private wealth management clients		13,828		13,961
Loans backed by commercial real estate		4,761		5,271
Loans backed by residential real estate		3,865		2,316
Other loans		2,890		3,533
Total loans receivable, gross		50,181		45,821
Allowance for loan losses		(509	)	(414	)
Total loans receivable		$49,672		$45,407

As of December 2016 and December 2015, the fair value of loans receivable was $49.80 billion and $45.19 billion, respectively. As of December 2016, had these loans been carried at fair value and included in the fair value hierarchy, $28.40 billion and $21.40 billion would have been classified in level 2 and level 3, respectively. As of December 2015, had these loans been carried at fair value and included in the fair value hierarchy, $23.91 billion and $21.28 billion would have been classified in level 2 and level 3, respectively.

The firm also extends lending commitments that are held for investment and accounted for on an accrual basis. As of December 2016 and December 2015, such lending commitments were $98.05 billion and $93.92 billion, respectively. Substantially all of these commitments were extended to corporate borrowers and were primarily related to the firm’s relationship lending activities. The carrying value and the estimated fair value of such lending commitments were liabilities of $327 million and $2.55 billion, respectively, as of December 2016, and $291 million and $3.32 billion, respectively, as of December 2015. As of December 2016, had these lending commitments been carried at fair value and included in the fair value hierarchy, $1.10 billion and $1.45 billion would have been classified in level 2 and level 3, respectively. As of December 2015, had these lending commitments been carried at fair value and included in the fair value hierarchy, $1.35 billion and $1.97 billion would have been classified in level 2 and level 3, respectively.

The following is a description of the captions in the table above:

• Corporate Loans. Corporate loans include term loans, revolving lines of credit, letter of credit facilities and bridge loans, and are principally used for operating liquidity and general corporate purposes, or in connection with acquisitions. Corporate loans may be secured or unsecured, depending on the loan purpose, the risk profile of the borrower and other factors. Loans receivable related to the firm’s relationship lending activities are reported within corporate loans.

• Loans to Private Wealth Management Clients. Loans to the firm’s private wealth management clients include loans used by clients to finance private asset purchases, employ leverage for strategic investments in real or financial assets, bridge cash flow timing gaps or provide liquidity for other needs. Such loans are primarily secured by securities or other assets.

• Loans Backed by Commercial Real Estate. Loans backed by commercial real estate include loans extended by the firm that are directly or indirectly secured by hotels, retail stores, multifamily housing complexes and commercial and industrial properties. Loans backed by commercial real estate also include loans purchased by the firm.

• Loans Backed by Residential Real Estate. Loans backed by residential real estate include loans extended by the firm to clients who warehouse assets that are directly or indirectly secured by residential real estate. Loans backed by residential real estate also include loans purchased by the firm.

• Other Loans. Other loans primarily include loans extended to clients who warehouse assets that are directly or indirectly secured by consumer loans, including auto loans, and private student loans and other assets. Other loans also includes unsecured loans to individuals made through the firm’s online platform.

Loans receivable includes Purchased Credit Impaired (PCI) loans. PCI loans represent acquired loans or pools of loans with evidence of credit deterioration subsequent to their origination and where it is probable, at acquisition, that the firm will not be able to collect all contractually required payments. Loans acquired within the same reporting period, which have at least two common risk characteristics, one of which relates to their credit risk, are eligible to be pooled together and considered a single unit of account. PCI loans are initially recorded at acquisition price and the difference between the acquisition price and the expected cash flows (accretable yield) is recognized as interest income over the life of such loans or pools of loans on an effective yield method. Expected cash flows on PCI loans are determined using various inputs and assumptions, including default rates, loss severities, recoveries, amount and timing of prepayments and other macroeconomic indicators.

As of December 2016, the gross carrying value of PCI loans was $3.97 billion (including $1.44 billion, $2.51 billion and $18 million related to loans backed by commercial real estate, loans backed by residential real estate and other consumer loans, respectively). The outstanding principal balance and accretable yield related to such loans was $8.52 billion and $526 million, respectively, as of December 2016. At the time of acquisition, the fair value, related expected cash flows, and the contractually required cash flows of PCI loans acquired during 2016 were $2.51 billion, $2.82 billion and $6.39 billion, respectively. As of December 2015, the gross carrying value of PCI loans was $2.12 billion (including $1.16 billion, $941 million and $23 million related to loans backed by commercial real estate, loans backed by residential real estate and other consumer loans, respectively). The outstanding principal balance and accretable yield related to such loans was $5.54 billion and $234 million, respectively, as of December 2015. At the time of acquisition, the fair value, related expected cash flows, and the contractually required cash flows of PCI loans acquired during 2015 were $2.27 billion, $2.50 billion and $6.47 billion, respectively.

Credit Quality

The firm’s risk assessment process includes evaluating the credit quality of its loans receivable. For loans receivable (excluding PCI loans), the firm performs credit reviews which include initial and ongoing analyses of its borrowers. A credit review is an independent analysis of the capacity and willingness of a borrower to meet its financial obligations, resulting in an internal credit rating. The determination of internal credit ratings also incorporates assumptions with respect to the nature of and outlook for the borrower’s industry, and the economic environment. The firm also assigns a regulatory risk rating to such loans based on the definitions provided by the U.S. federal bank regulatory agencies.

The table below presents gross loans receivable (excluding PCI loans of $3.97 billion and $2.12 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, which are not assigned a credit rating equivalent) and related lending commitments by the firm’s internally determined public rating agency equivalent and by regulatory risk rating. Non-criticized/pass loans and lending commitments represent loans and lending commitments that are performing and/or do not demonstrate adverse characteristics that are likely to result in a credit loss.

$ in millions	Loans	Lending Commitments	Total
Credit Rating Equivalent
As of December 2016
Investment-grade	$18,434	$72,323	$  90,757
Non-investment-grade	27,777	25,722	53,499
Total	$46,211	$98,045	$144,256
As of December 2015
Investment-grade	$19,459	$64,898	$  84,357
Non-investment-grade	24,241	29,021	53,262
Total	$43,700	$93,919	$137,619
Regulatory Risk Rating
As of December 2016
Non-criticized/pass	$43,146	$94,966	$138,112
Criticized	3,065	3,079	6,144
Total	$46,211	$98,045	$144,256
As of December 2015
Non-criticized/pass	$40,967	$92,021	$132,988
Criticized	2,733	1,898	4,631
Total	$43,700	$93,919	$137,619

The firm enters into economic hedges to mitigate credit risk on certain loans receivable and commercial lending commitments (both of which are held for investment) related to the firm’s relationship lending activities. Such hedges are accounted for at fair value. See Note 18 for further information about commercial lending commitments and associated hedges.

Loans receivable (excluding PCI loans) are determined to be impaired when it is probable that the firm will not be able to collect all principal and interest due under the contractual terms of the loan. At that time, loans are generally placed on non-accrual status and all accrued but uncollected interest is reversed against interest income, and interest subsequently collected is recognized on a cash basis to the extent the loan balance is deemed collectible. Otherwise, all cash received is used to reduce the outstanding loan balance. In certain circumstances, the firm may also modify the original terms of a loan agreement by granting a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. Such modifications are considered troubled debt restructurings and typically include interest rate reductions, payment extensions, and modification of loan covenants. Loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring are considered impaired and are subject to specific loan-level reserves.

As of December 2016 and December 2015, the gross carrying value of impaired loans receivable (excluding PCI loans) on non-accrual status were $404 million and $223 million, respectively. As of December 2016, such loans included $142 million of corporate loans that were modified in a troubled debt restructuring, and the firm had $144 million in lending commitments related to these loans. There were no such loans as of December 2015.

For PCI loans, the firm’s risk assessment process includes reviewing certain key metrics, such as delinquency status, collateral values, credit scores and other risk factors. When it is determined that the firm cannot reasonably estimate expected cash flows on the PCI loans or pools of loans, such loans are placed on non-accrual status.

Allowance for Losses on Loans and Lending Commitments

The firm’s allowance for loan losses is comprised of specific loan-level reserves, portfolio level reserves, and reserves on PCI loans as described below:

• Specific loan-level reserves are determined on loans (excluding PCI loans) that exhibit credit quality weakness and are therefore individually evaluated for impairment.

• Portfolio level reserves are determined on loans (excluding PCI loans) not deemed impaired by aggregating groups of loans with similar risk characteristics and estimating the probable loss inherent in the portfolio.

• Reserves on PCI loans are recorded when it is determined that the expected cash flows, which are reassessed on a quarterly basis, will be lower than those used to establish the current effective yield for such loans or pools of loans. If the expected cash flows are determined to be significantly higher than those used to establish the current effective yield, such increases are initially recognized as a reduction to any previously recorded allowances for loan losses and any remaining increases are recognized as interest income prospectively over the life of the loan or pools of loans as an increase to the effective yield.

The allowance for loan losses is determined using various inputs, including industry default and loss data, current macroeconomic indicators, borrower’s capacity to meet its financial obligations, borrower’s country of risk, loan seniority and collateral type. Management’s estimate of loan losses entails judgment about loan collectability at the reporting dates, and there are uncertainties inherent in those judgments. While management uses the best information available to determine this estimate, future adjustments to the allowance may be necessary based on, among other things, changes in the economic environment or variances between actual results and the original assumptions used. Loans are charged off against the allowance for loan losses when deemed to be uncollectible. As of December 2016 and December 2015, substantially all of the firm’s loans receivable were evaluated for impairment at the portfolio level.

The firm also records an allowance for losses on lending commitments that are held for investment and accounted for on an accrual basis. Such allowance is determined using the same methodology as the allowance for loan losses, while also taking into consideration the probability of drawdowns or funding, and is included in “Other liabilities and accrued expenses.” As of December 2016 and December 2015, substantially all of such lending commitments were evaluated for impairment at the portfolio level.

The table below presents changes in the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for losses on lending commitments.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Allowance for loan losses
Beginning balance		$414		$228
Charge-offs		(8	)	(1	)
Provision		138		187
Other		(35	)	—
Ending balance		$509		$414
Allowance for losses on lending commitments
Beginning balance		$188		$  86
Provision		44		102
Other		(20	)	—
Ending balance		$212		$188

In the table above:

• The provision for losses on loans and lending commitments is included in “Other principal transactions.” Substantially all of this provision was related to corporate loans and corporate lending commitments.

• Other represents the reduction to the allowance related to loans and lending commitments transferred to held for sale.

• As of December 2016 and December 2015, substantially all of the allowance for loan losses and allowance for losses on lending commitments were related to corporate loans and corporate lending commitments and were primarily determined at the portfolio level.

• The firm’s allowance for losses on PCI loans as of December 2016 was not material. There was no allowance for losses on PCI loans as of December 2015.

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Collateralized Agreements and Financings

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Text Block [Abstract]

Collateralized Agreements and Financings

Note 10.

Collateralized Agreements and Financings

Collateralized agreements are securities purchased under agreements to resell (resale agreements) and securities borrowed. Collateralized financings are securities sold under agreements to repurchase (repurchase agreements), securities loaned and other secured financings. The firm enters into these transactions in order to, among other things, facilitate client activities, invest excess cash, acquire securities to cover short positions and finance certain firm activities.

Collateralized agreements and financings are presented on a net-by-counterparty basis when a legal right of setoff exists. Interest on collateralized agreements and collateralized financings is recognized over the life of the transaction and included in “Interest income” and “Interest expense,” respectively. See Note 23 for further information about interest income and interest expense.

The table below presents the carrying value of resale and repurchase agreements and securities borrowed and loaned transactions.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Securities purchased under agreements to resell		$116,925	$134,308
Securities borrowed		184,600	177,638
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase		71,816	86,069
Securities loaned		7,524	3,614

In the table above:

• Substantially all resale agreements and all repurchase agreements are carried at fair value under the fair value option. See Note 8 for further information about the valuation techniques and significant inputs used to determine fair value.

• As of December 2016 and December 2015, $82.40 billion and $75.34 billion of securities borrowed, and $2.65 billion and $466 million of securities loaned were at fair value, respectively.

Resale and Repurchase Agreements

A resale agreement is a transaction in which the firm purchases financial instruments from a seller, typically in exchange for cash, and simultaneously enters into an agreement to resell the same or substantially the same financial instruments to the seller at a stated price plus accrued interest at a future date.

A repurchase agreement is a transaction in which the firm sells financial instruments to a buyer, typically in exchange for cash, and simultaneously enters into an agreement to repurchase the same or substantially the same financial instruments from the buyer at a stated price plus accrued interest at a future date.

Even though repurchase and resale agreements (including “repos- and reverses-to-maturity”) involve the legal transfer of ownership of financial instruments, they are accounted for as financing arrangements because they require the financial instruments to be repurchased or resold before or at the maturity of the agreement. The financial instruments purchased or sold in resale and repurchase agreements typically include U.S. government and federal agency, and investment-grade sovereign obligations.

The firm receives financial instruments purchased under resale agreements and makes delivery of financial instruments sold under repurchase agreements. To mitigate credit exposure, the firm monitors the market value of these financial instruments on a daily basis, and delivers or obtains additional collateral due to changes in the market value of the financial instruments, as appropriate. For resale agreements, the firm typically requires collateral with a fair value approximately equal to the carrying value of the relevant assets in the consolidated statements of financial condition.

Securities Borrowed and Loaned Transactions

In a securities borrowed transaction, the firm borrows securities from a counterparty in exchange for cash or securities. When the firm returns the securities, the counterparty returns the cash or securities. Interest is generally paid periodically over the life of the transaction.

In a securities loaned transaction, the firm lends securities to a counterparty in exchange for cash or securities. When the counterparty returns the securities, the firm returns the cash or securities posted as collateral. Interest is generally paid periodically over the life of the transaction.

The firm receives securities borrowed and makes delivery of securities loaned. To mitigate credit exposure, the firm monitors the market value of these securities on a daily basis, and delivers or obtains additional collateral due to changes in the market value of the securities, as appropriate. For securities borrowed transactions, the firm typically requires collateral with a fair value approximately equal to the carrying value of the securities borrowed transaction.

Securities borrowed and loaned within Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution are recorded at fair value under the fair value option. See Note 8 for further information about securities borrowed and loaned accounted for at fair value.

Securities borrowed and loaned within Securities Services are recorded based on the amount of cash collateral advanced or received plus accrued interest. As these arrangements generally can be terminated on demand, they exhibit little, if any, sensitivity to changes in interest rates. Therefore, the carrying value of such arrangements approximates fair value. While these arrangements are carried at amounts that approximate fair value, they are not accounted for at fair value under the fair value option or at fair value in accordance with other U.S. GAAP and therefore are not included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy in Notes 6 through 8. Had these arrangements been included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy, they would have been classified in level 2 as of December 2016 and December 2015.

Offsetting Arrangements

The table below presents the gross and net resale and repurchase agreements and securities borrowed and loaned transactions, and the related amount of counterparty netting included in the consolidated statements of financial condition. The table below also presents the amounts not offset in the consolidated statements of financial condition, including counterparty netting that does not meet the criteria for netting under U.S. GAAP and the fair value of cash or securities collateral received or posted subject to enforceable credit support agreements.

	Assets					Liabilities
$ in millions		Resale agreements		Securities borrowed			Repurchase agreements		Securities loaned
As of December 2016
Included in the consolidated statements of financial condition
Gross carrying value		$ 173,561		$ 189,571			$128,452		$12,495
Counterparty netting		(56,636	)	(4,971	)		(56,636	)	(4,971	)
Total		116,925		184,600			71,816		7,524
Amounts not offset
Counterparty netting		(8,319	)	(4,045	)		(8,319	)	(4,045	)
Collateral		(107,148	)	(170,625	)		(62,081	)	(3,087	)
Total		$     1,458		$     9,930			$    1,416		$     392
As of December 2015
Included in the consolidated statements of financial condition
Gross carrying value		$ 163,199		$ 180,203			$114,960		$  6,179
Counterparty netting		(28,891	)	(2,565	)		(28,891	)	(2,565	)
Total		134,308		177,638			86,069		3,614
Amounts not offset
Counterparty netting		(4,979	)	(1,732	)		(4,979	)	(1,732	)
Collateral		(125,561	)	(167,061	)		(78,958	)	(1,721	)
Total		$     3,768		$     8,845			$    2,132		$     161

In the table above:

• Substantially all of the gross carrying values of these arrangements are subject to enforceable netting agreements.

• Where the firm has received or posted collateral under credit support agreements, but has not yet determined such agreements are enforceable, the related collateral has not been netted.

Gross Carrying Value of Repurchase Agreements and Securities Loaned

The table below presents the gross carrying value of repurchase agreements and securities loaned by class of collateral pledged.

$ in millions	Repurchase agreements	Securities loaned
As of December 2016
Money market instruments	$       317	$       —
U.S. government and federal agency obligations	47,207	115
Non-U.S. government and agency obligations	56,156	1,846
Securities backed by commercial real estate	208	—
Securities backed by residential real estate	122	—
Corporate debt securities	8,297	39
State and municipal obligations	831	—
Other debt obligations	286	—
Equities and convertible debentures	15,028	10,495
Total	$128,452	$12,495
As of December 2015
Money market instruments	$       806	$       —
U.S. government and federal agency obligations	54,856	101
Non-U.S. government and agency obligations	31,547	2,465
Securities backed by commercial real estate	269	—
Securities backed by residential real estate	2,059	—
Corporate debt securities	6,877	30
State and municipal obligations	609	—
Other debt obligations	101	—
Equities and convertible debentures	17,836	3,583
Total	$114,960	$  6,179

The table below presents the gross carrying value of repurchase agreements and securities loaned by maturity date.

	As of December 2016
$ in millions		Repurchase agreements	Securities loaned
No stated maturity and overnight		$  35,939	$  4,825
2 - 30 days		47,339	5,034
31 - 90 days		16,553	500
91 days - 1 year		18,968	1,636
Greater than 1 year		9,653	500
Total		$128,452	$12,495

In the table above:

• Repurchase agreements and securities loaned that are repayable prior to maturity at the option of the firm are reflected at their contractual maturity dates.

• Repurchase agreements and securities loaned that are redeemable prior to maturity at the option of the holder are reflected at the earliest dates such options become exercisable.

Other Secured Financings

In addition to repurchase agreements and securities loaned transactions, the firm funds certain assets through the use of other secured financings and pledges financial instruments and other assets as collateral in these transactions. These other secured financings consist of:

• Liabilities of consolidated VIEs;

• Transfers of assets accounted for as financings rather than sales (primarily collateralized central bank financings, pledged commodities, bank loans and mortgage whole loans); and

• Other structured financing arrangements.

Other secured financings include arrangements that are nonrecourse. As of December 2016 and December 2015, nonrecourse other secured financings were $2.54 billion and $2.20 billion, respectively.

The firm has elected to apply the fair value option to substantially all other secured financings because the use of fair value eliminates non-economic volatility in earnings that would arise from using different measurement attributes. See Note 8 for further information about other secured financings that are accounted for at fair value.

Other secured financings that are not recorded at fair value are recorded based on the amount of cash received plus accrued interest, which generally approximates fair value. While these financings are carried at amounts that approximate fair value, they are not accounted for at fair value under the fair value option or at fair value in accordance with other U.S. GAAP and therefore are not included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy in Notes 6 through 8. Had these financings been included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy, they would have been primarily classified in level 2 as of December 2016 and December 2015.

The table below presents information about other secured financings.

$ in millions	U.S. Dollar	Non-U.S. Dollar	Total
As of December 2016
Other secured financings (short-term):
At fair value	$  9,380	$ 3,738	$13,118
At amortized cost	—	—	—
Weighted average interest rates	—%	—%
Other secured financings (long-term):
At fair value	5,562	2,393	7,955
At amortized cost	145	305	450
Weighted average interest rates	4.06%	2.16%
Total	$15,087	$ 6,436	$21,523
Other secured financings collateralized by:
Financial instruments	$13,858	$ 5,974	$19,832
Other assets	1,229	462	1,691
As of December 2015
Other secured financings (short-term):
At fair value	$  7,952	$ 5,448	$13,400
At amortized cost	514	319	833
Weighted average interest rates	2.93%	3.83%
Other secured financings (long-term):
At fair value	6,702	3,105	9,807
At amortized cost	370	343	713
Weighted average interest rates	2.87%	1.54%
Total	$15,538	$ 9,215	$24,753
Other secured financings collateralized by:
Financial instruments	$14,862	$ 8,872	$23,734
Other assets	676	343	1,019

In the table above:

• Short-term secured financings include financings maturing within one year of the financial statement date and financings that are redeemable within one year of the financial statement date at the option of the holder.

• Weighted average interest rates exclude secured financings at fair value and include the effect of hedging activities. See Note 7 for further information about hedging activities.

• Total other secured financings include $285 million and $334 million related to transfers of financial assets accounted for as financings rather than sales as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively. Such financings were collateralized by financial assets of $285 million and $336 million as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, primarily included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value.”

• Other secured financings collateralized by financial instruments include $13.65 billion and $14.98 billion of other secured financings collateralized by financial instruments owned, at fair value as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, and include $6.18 billion and $8.76 billion of other secured financings collateralized by financial instruments received as collateral and repledged as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively.

The table below presents other secured financings by maturity date.

$ in millions	As of December 2016
Other secured financings (short-term)	$13,118
Other secured financings (long-term):
2018	5,575
2019	702
2020	1,158
2021	321
2022 - thereafter	649
Total other secured financings (long-term)	8,405
Total other secured financings	$21,523

In the table above:

• Long-term secured financings that are repayable prior to maturity at the option of the firm are reflected at their contractual maturity dates.

• Long-term secured financings that are redeemable prior to maturity at the option of the holder are reflected at the earliest dates such options become exercisable.

Collateral Received and Pledged

The firm receives cash and securities (e.g., U.S. government and federal agency, other sovereign and corporate obligations, as well as equities and convertible debentures) as collateral, primarily in connection with resale agreements, securities borrowed, derivative transactions and customer margin loans. The firm obtains cash and securities as collateral on an upfront or contingent basis for derivative instruments and collateralized agreements to reduce its credit exposure to individual counterparties.

In many cases, the firm is permitted to deliver or repledge financial instruments received as collateral when entering into repurchase agreements and securities loaned transactions, primarily in connection with secured client financing activities. The firm is also permitted to deliver or repledge these financial instruments in connection with other secured financings, collateralized derivative transactions and firm or customer settlement requirements.

The firm also pledges certain financial instruments owned, at fair value in connection with repurchase agreements, securities loaned transactions and other secured financings, and other assets (substantially all real estate and cash) in connection with other secured financings to counterparties who may or may not have the right to deliver or repledge them.

The table below presents financial instruments at fair value received as collateral that were available to be delivered or repledged and were delivered or repledged by the firm.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Collateral available to be delivered or repledged		$634,609	$636,684
Collateral that was delivered or repledged		495,717	496,240

In the table above, as of December 2016 and December 2015, collateral available to be delivered or repledged excludes $15.47 billion and $18.94 billion, respectively, of securities received under resale agreements and securities borrowed transactions that contractually had the right to be delivered or repledged, but were segregated for regulatory and other purposes.

The table below presents information about assets pledged.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Financial instruments owned, at fair value pledged to counterparties that:
Had the right to deliver or repledge		$  51,278	$  54,426
Did not have the right to deliver or repledge		61,099	63,880
Other assets pledged to counterparties that did not have the right to deliver or repledge		3,287	1,841

The firm also segregated $15.29 billion and $19.56 billion of securities included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value” as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, for regulatory and other purposes. See Note 3 for information about segregated cash.

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Securitization Activities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Transfers and Servicing [Abstract]

Securitization Activities

Note 11.

Securitization Activities

The firm securitizes residential and commercial mortgages, corporate bonds, loans and other types of financial assets by selling these assets to securitization vehicles (e.g., trusts, corporate entities and limited liability companies) or through a resecuritization. The firm acts as underwriter of the beneficial interests that are sold to investors. The firm’s residential mortgage securitizations are primarily in connection with government agency securitizations.

Beneficial interests issued by securitization entities are debt or equity securities that give the investors rights to receive all or portions of specified cash inflows to a securitization vehicle and include senior and subordinated interests in principal, interest and/or other cash inflows. The proceeds from the sale of beneficial interests are used to pay the transferor for the financial assets sold to the securitization vehicle or to purchase securities which serve as collateral.

The firm accounts for a securitization as a sale when it has relinquished control over the transferred assets. Prior to securitization, the firm accounts for assets pending transfer at fair value and therefore does not typically recognize significant gains or losses upon the transfer of assets. Net revenues from underwriting activities are recognized in connection with the sales of the underlying beneficial interests to investors.

For transfers of assets that are not accounted for as sales, the assets remain in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value” and the transfer is accounted for as a collateralized financing, with the related interest expense recognized over the life of the transaction. See Notes 10 and 23 for further information about collateralized financings and interest expense, respectively.

The firm generally receives cash in exchange for the transferred assets but may also have continuing involvement with transferred assets, including ownership of beneficial interests in securitized financial assets, primarily in the form of senior or subordinated securities. The firm may also purchase senior or subordinated securities issued by securitization vehicles (which are typically VIEs) in connection with secondary market-making activities.

The primary risks included in beneficial interests and other interests from the firm’s continuing involvement with securitization vehicles are the performance of the underlying collateral, the position of the firm’s investment in the capital structure of the securitization vehicle and the market yield for the security. These interests are primarily accounted for at fair value and are classified in level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Beneficial interests and other interests not accounted for at fair value are carried at amounts that approximate fair value. See Notes 5 through 8 for further information about fair value measurements.

The table below presents the amount of financial assets securitized and the cash flows received on retained interests in securitization entities in which the firm had continuing involvement as of the end of the period.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016	2015	2014
Residential mortgages		$12,164	$10,479	$19,099
Commercial mortgages		233	6,043	2,810
Other financial assets		181	—	1,009
Total		$12,578	$16,522	$22,918
Retained interests cash flows		$     189	$     174	$     215

The table below presents the firm’s continuing involvement in nonconsolidated securitization entities to which the firm sold assets, as well as the total outstanding principal amount of transferred assets in which the firm has continuing involvement.

$ in millions	Outstanding Principal Amount	Retained Interests	Purchased Interests
As of December 2016
U.S. government agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations	$25,140	$   953	$24
Other residential mortgage-backed	3,261	540	6
Other commercial mortgage-backed	357	15	—
CDOs, CLOs and other	2,284	56	6
Total	$31,042	$1,564	$36
As of December 2015
U.S. government agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations	$39,088	$   846	$20
Other residential mortgage-backed	2,195	154	17
Other commercial mortgage-backed	6,842	115	28
CDOs, CLOs and other	2,732	44	7
Total	$50,857	$1,159	$72

In the table above:

• The outstanding principal amount is presented for the purpose of providing information about the size of the securitization entities in which the firm has continuing involvement and is not representative of the firm’s risk of loss.

• For retained or purchased interests, the firm’s risk of loss is limited to the carrying value of these interests.

• Purchased interests represent senior and subordinated interests, purchased in connection with secondary market-making activities, in securitization entities in which the firm also holds retained interests.

• Substantially all of the total outstanding principal amount and total retained interests as of December 2016 and December 2015 relate to securitizations during 2012 and thereafter.

• The fair value of retained interests was $1.58 billion and $1.16 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively.

In addition to the interests in the table above, the firm had other continuing involvement in the form of derivative transactions and commitments with certain nonconsolidated VIEs. The carrying value of these derivatives and commitments was a net asset of $48 million and $92 million as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively. The notional amounts of these derivatives and commitments are included in maximum exposure to loss in the nonconsolidated VIE table in Note 12.

The table below presents the weighted average key economic assumptions used in measuring the fair value of mortgage-backed retained interests and the sensitivity of this fair value to immediate adverse changes of 10% and 20% in those assumptions.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Fair value of retained interests		$1,519		$1,115
Weighted average life (years)		7.5		7.5
Constant prepayment rate		8.1%		10.4%
Impact of 10% adverse change		$    (14	)	$    (22	)
Impact of 20% adverse change		(28	)	(43	)
Discount rate		5.3%		5.5%
Impact of 10% adverse change		$    (37	)	$    (28	)
Impact of 20% adverse change		(71	)	(55	)

In the table above:

• Amounts do not reflect the benefit of other financial instruments that are held to mitigate risks inherent in these retained interests.

• Changes in fair value based on an adverse variation in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumptions to the change in fair value is not usually linear.

• The impact of a change in a particular assumption is calculated independently of changes in any other assumption. In practice, simultaneous changes in assumptions might magnify or counteract the sensitivities disclosed above.

• The constant prepayment rate is included only for positions for which it is a key assumption in the determination of fair value.

• The discount rate for retained interests that relate to U.S. government agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations does not include any credit loss.

• Expected credit loss assumptions are reflected in the discount rate for the remainder of retained interests.

The firm has other retained interests not reflected in the table above with a fair value of $56 million and a weighted average life of 3.5 years as of December 2016, and a fair value of $44 million and a weighted average life of 3.5 years as of December 2015. Due to the nature and current fair value of certain of these retained interests, the weighted average assumptions for constant prepayment and discount rates and the related sensitivity to adverse changes are not meaningful as of December 2016 and December 2015. The firm’s maximum exposure to adverse changes in the value of these interests is the carrying value of $56 million and $44 million as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively.

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Variable Interest Entities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Variable Interest Entities

Note 12.

Variable Interest Entities

A variable interest in a VIE is an investment (e.g., debt or equity securities) or other interest (e.g., derivatives or loans and lending commitments) that will absorb portions of the VIE’s expected losses and/or receive portions of the VIE’s expected residual returns.

The firm’s variable interests in VIEs include senior and subordinated debt in residential and commercial mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securitization entities, CDOs and CLOs; loans and lending commitments; limited and general partnership interests; preferred and common equity; derivatives that may include foreign currency, equity and/or credit risk; guarantees; and certain of the fees the firm receives from investment funds. Certain interest rate, foreign currency and credit derivatives the firm enters into with VIEs are not variable interests because they create, rather than absorb, risk.

VIEs generally finance the purchase of assets by issuing debt and equity securities that are either collateralized by or indexed to the assets held by the VIE. The debt and equity securities issued by a VIE may include tranches of varying levels of subordination. The firm’s involvement with VIEs includes securitization of financial assets, as described in Note 11, and investments in and loans to other types of VIEs, as described below. See Note 11 for additional information about securitization activities, including the definition of beneficial interests. See Note 3 for the firm’s consolidation policies, including the definition of a VIE.

VIE Consolidation Analysis

The enterprise with a controlling financial interest in a VIE is known as the primary beneficiary and consolidates the VIE. The firm determines whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE by performing an analysis that principally considers:

• Which variable interest holder has the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance;

• Which variable interest holder has the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE;

• The VIE’s purpose and design, including the risks the VIE was designed to create and pass through to its variable interest holders;

• The VIE’s capital structure;

• The terms between the VIE and its variable interest holders and other parties involved with the VIE; and

• Related-party relationships.

The firm reassesses its initial evaluation of whether an entity is a VIE when certain reconsideration events occur. The firm reassesses its determination of whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE on an ongoing basis based on current facts and circumstances.

VIE Activities

The firm is principally involved with VIEs through the following business activities:

Mortgage-Backed VIEs and Corporate CDO and CLO VIEs. The firm sells residential and commercial mortgage loans and securities to mortgage-backed VIEs and corporate bonds and loans to corporate CDO and CLO VIEs and may retain beneficial interests in the assets sold to these VIEs. The firm purchases and sells beneficial interests issued by mortgage-backed and corporate CDO and CLO VIEs in connection with market-making activities. In addition, the firm may enter into derivatives with certain of these VIEs, primarily interest rate swaps, which are typically not variable interests. The firm generally enters into derivatives with other counterparties to mitigate its risk from derivatives with these VIEs.

Certain mortgage-backed and corporate CDO and CLO VIEs, usually referred to as synthetic CDOs or credit-linked note VIEs, synthetically create the exposure for the beneficial interests they issue by entering into credit derivatives, rather than purchasing the underlying assets. These credit derivatives may reference a single asset, an index, or a portfolio/basket of assets or indices. See Note 7 for further information about credit derivatives. These VIEs use the funds from the sale of beneficial interests and the premiums received from credit derivative counterparties to purchase securities which serve to collateralize the beneficial interest holders and/or the credit derivative counterparty. These VIEs may enter into other derivatives, primarily interest rate swaps, which are typically not variable interests. The firm may be a counterparty to derivatives with these VIEs and generally enters into derivatives with other counterparties to mitigate its risk.

Real Estate, Credit-Related and Other Investing VIEs. The firm purchases equity and debt securities issued by and makes loans to VIEs that hold real estate, performing and nonperforming debt, distressed loans and equity securities. The firm typically does not sell assets to, or enter into derivatives with, these VIEs.

Other Asset-Backed VIEs. The firm structures VIEs that issue notes to clients, and purchases and sells beneficial interests issued by other asset-backed VIEs in connection with market-making activities. In addition, the firm may enter into derivatives with certain other asset-backed VIEs, primarily total return swaps on the collateral assets held by these VIEs under which the firm pays the VIE the return due to the note holders and receives the return on the collateral assets owned by the VIE. The firm generally can be removed as the total return swap counterparty. The firm generally enters into derivatives with other counterparties to mitigate its risk from derivatives with these VIEs. The firm typically does not sell assets to the other asset-backed VIEs it structures.

Principal-Protected Note VIEs. The firm structures VIEs that issue principal-protected notes to clients. These VIEs own portfolios of assets, principally with exposure to hedge funds. Substantially all of the principal protection on the notes issued by these VIEs is provided by the asset portfolio rebalancing that is required under the terms of the notes. The firm enters into total return swaps with these VIEs under which the firm pays the VIE the return due to the principal-protected note holders and receives the return on the assets owned by the VIE. The firm may enter into derivatives with other counterparties to mitigate the risk it has from the derivatives it enters into with these VIEs. The firm also obtains funding through these VIEs.

Investments in Funds and Other VIEs. The firm makes equity investments in certain of the investment fund VIEs it manages and is entitled to receive fees from these VIEs. The firm typically does not sell assets to, or enter into derivatives with, these VIEs. Other VIEs primarily includes nonconsolidated power-related VIEs. The firm purchases debt and equity securities issued by VIEs that hold power-related assets and may provide commitments to these VIEs.

Adoption of ASU No. 2015-02

The firm adopted ASU No. 2015-02 as of January 1, 2016. Upon adoption, certain of the firm’s investments in entities that were previously classified as voting interest entities are now classified as VIEs. These include investments in certain limited partnership entities that have been deconsolidated upon adoption as certain fee interests are not considered significant interests under the guidance, and the firm is no longer deemed to have a controlling financial interest in such entities. See Note 3 for further information about the adoption of ASU No. 2015-02.

Nonconsolidated VIEs. As a result of adoption as of January 1, 2016, “Investments in funds and other” nonconsolidated VIEs included $10.70 billion in “Assets in VIEs,” $543 million in “Carrying value of variable interests – assets” and $559 million in “Maximum exposure to loss” related to investments in limited partnership entities that were previously classified as nonconsolidated voting interest entities.

Consolidated VIEs. As a result of adoption as of January 1, 2016, “Real estate, credit-related and other investing” consolidated VIEs included $302 million of assets, substantially all included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value,” and $122 million of liabilities, included in “Other liabilities and accrued expenses” primarily related to investments in limited partnership entities that were previously classified as consolidated voting interest entities.

Nonconsolidated VIEs

The table below presents a summary of the nonconsolidated VIEs in which the firm holds variable interests. The firm’s exposure to the obligations of VIEs is generally limited to its interests in these entities. In certain instances, the firm provides guarantees, including derivative guarantees, to VIEs or holders of variable interests in VIEs. The nature of the firm’s variable interests can take different forms, as described in the rows under maximum exposure to loss. In the table below:

• The maximum exposure to loss excludes the benefit of offsetting financial instruments that are held to mitigate the risks associated with these variable interests.

• For retained and purchased interests, and loans and investments, the maximum exposure to loss is the carrying value of these interests.

• For commitments and guarantees, and derivatives, the maximum exposure to loss is the notional amount, which does not represent anticipated losses and also has not been reduced by unrealized losses already recorded. As a result, the maximum exposure to loss exceeds liabilities recorded for commitments and guarantees, and derivatives provided to VIEs.

• Total maximum exposure to loss for commitments and guarantees, and derivatives include $1.28 billion and $1.52 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, related to transactions with VIEs to which the firm transferred assets.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Total nonconsolidated VIEs
Assets in VIEs		$70,083	$90,145
Carrying value of variable interests — assets		6,199	7,171
Carrying value of variable interests — liabilities		254	177
Maximum exposure to loss:
Retained interests		1,564	1,159
Purchased interests		544	1,528
Commitments and guarantees		2,196	2,020
Derivatives		7,144	6,936
Loans and investments		3,760	4,108
Total maximum exposure to loss		$15,208	$15,751

The table below disaggregates, by principal business activity, the information for nonconsolidated VIEs included in the summary table above.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Mortgage-backed
Assets in VIEs		$32,714	$62,672
Carrying value of variable interests — assets		1,936	2,439
Maximum exposure to loss:
Retained interests		1,508	1,115
Purchased interests		429	1,324
Commitments and guarantees		9	40
Derivatives		163	222
Total maximum exposure to loss		$  2,109	$  2,701
Corporate CDOs and CLOs
Assets in VIEs		$  5,391	$  6,493
Carrying value of variable interests — assets		393	624
Carrying value of variable interests — liabilities		25	29
Maximum exposure to loss:
Retained interests		2	3
Purchased interests		43	106
Commitments and guarantees		186	647
Derivatives		2,841	2,633
Loans and investments		94	265
Total maximum exposure to loss		$  3,166	$  3,654
Real estate, credit-related and other investing
Assets in VIEs		$  8,617	$  9,793
Carrying value of variable interests — assets		2,550	3,557
Carrying value of variable interests — liabilities		3	3
Maximum exposure to loss:
Commitments and guarantees		693	570
Loans and investments		2,550	3,557
Total maximum exposure to loss		$  3,243	$  4,127
Other asset-backed
Assets in VIEs		$  6,405	$  7,026
Carrying value of variable interests — assets		293	265
Carrying value of variable interests — liabilities		220	145
Maximum exposure to loss:
Retained interests		54	41
Purchased interests		72	98
Commitments and guarantees		275	500
Derivatives		4,134	4,075
Loans and investments		89	—
Total maximum exposure to loss		$  4,624	$  4,714
Investments in funds and other
Assets in VIEs		$16,956	$  4,161
Carrying value of variable interests — assets		1,027	286
Carrying value of variable interests — liabilities		6	—
Maximum exposure to loss:
Commitments and guarantees		1,033	263
Derivatives		6	6
Loans and investments		1,027	286
Total maximum exposure to loss		$  2,066	$     555

In the table above, mortgage-backed includes assets in VIEs of $1.54 billion and $4.08 billion, and maximum exposure to loss of $279 million and $502 million, as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, related to CDOs backed by mortgage obligations.

The carrying values of the firm’s variable interests in nonconsolidated VIEs are included in the consolidated statements of financial condition as follows:

• Mortgage-backed: As of December 2016, substantially all assets were included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value,” “Loans receivable” and “Receivables from customers and counterparties.” As of December 2015, all assets were included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value;”

• Corporate CDOs and CLOs: As of both December 2016 and December 2015, all assets were included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value” and all liabilities were included in “Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value;”

• Real estate, credit-related and other investing: As of both December 2016 and December 2015, all assets were included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value,” “Loans receivable” and “Other assets,” and all liabilities were included in “Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value” and “Other liabilities and accrued expenses;”

• Other asset-backed: As of both December 2016 and December 2015, all assets were included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value” and “Loans receivable” and all liabilities were included in “Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value;” and

• Investments in funds and other: As of both December 2016 and December 2015, substantially all assets were included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value” and all liabilities were included in “Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value.”

Consolidated VIEs

The table below presents a summary of the carrying amount and classification of assets and liabilities in consolidated VIEs. In the table below:

• Assets and liabilities are presented net of intercompany eliminations and exclude the benefit of offsetting financial instruments that are held to mitigate the risks associated with the firm’s variable interests.

• VIEs in which the firm holds a majority voting interest are excluded if (i) the VIE meets the definition of a business and (ii) the VIE’s assets can be used for purposes other than the settlement of its obligations.

• Substantially all the assets can only be used to settle obligations of the VIE.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Total consolidated VIEs
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents		$   300	$   423
Receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations		—	1
Loans receivable		603	1,534
Financial instruments owned, at fair value		2,047	2,283
Other assets		682	471
Total		$3,632	$4,712
Liabilities
Other secured financings		$   854	$   858
Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations		1	—
Payables to customers and counterparties		—	434
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value		7	16
Unsecured short-term borrowings		197	416
Unsecured long-term borrowings		334	312
Other liabilities and accrued expenses		803	556
Total		$2,196	$2,592

The table below disaggregates, by principal business activity, the information for consolidated VIEs included in the summary table above.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Real estate, credit-related and other investing
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents		$   300	$   423
Receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations		—	1
Loans receivable		603	1,534
Financial instruments owned, at fair value		1,708	1,585
Other assets		680	456
Total		$3,291	$3,999
Liabilities
Other secured financings		$   284	$   332
Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations		1	—
Payables to customers and counterparties		—	2
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value		7	16
Other liabilities and accrued expenses		803	556
Total		$1,095	$   906
CDOs, mortgage-backed and other asset-backed
Assets
Financial instruments owned, at fair value		$   253	$   572
Other assets		2	15
Total		$   255	$   587
Liabilities
Other secured financings		$   139	$   113
Payables to customers and counterparties		—	432
Total		$   139	$   545
Principal-protected notes
Assets
Financial instruments owned, at fair value		$     86	$   126
Total		$     86	$   126
Liabilities
Other secured financings		$   431	$   413
Unsecured short-term borrowings		197	416
Unsecured long-term borrowings		334	312
Total		$   962	$1,141

In the table above:

• The majority of the assets in principal-protected notes VIEs are intercompany and are eliminated in consolidation.

• The liabilities of real estate, credit-related and other investing VIEs, and CDOs, mortgage-backed and other asset-backed VIEs do not have recourse to the general credit of the firm.

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Other Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Other Assets

Note 13.

Other Assets

Other assets are generally less liquid, non-financial assets. The table below presents other assets by type.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Property, leasehold improvements and equipment		$12,070	$  9,956
Goodwill and identifiable intangible assets		4,095	4,148
Income tax-related assets		5,550	5,548
Equity-method investments		219	258
Miscellaneous receivables and other		3,547	5,308
Total		$25,481	$25,218

In the table above:

• Equity-method investments exclude investments accounted for at fair value under the fair value option where the firm would otherwise apply the equity method of accounting of $7.92 billion and $6.59 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, all of which are included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value.” The firm has generally elected the fair value option for such investments acquired after the fair value option became available.

• The decrease in miscellaneous receivables and other from December 2015 to December 2016 reflects the sale of assets previously classified as held for sale related to certain of the firm’s consolidated investments. Miscellaneous receivables and other includes $682 million and $581 million of investments in qualified affordable housing projects as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively.

Property, Leasehold Improvements and Equipment

Property, leasehold improvements and equipment in the table above is net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $7.68 billion and $7.77 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively. Property, leasehold improvements and equipment included $5.96 billion and $5.93 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, related to property, leasehold improvements and equipment that the firm uses in connection with its operations. The remainder is held by investment entities, including VIEs, consolidated by the firm. Substantially all property and equipment is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the asset. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the improvement or the term of the lease, whichever is shorter. Capitalized costs of software developed or obtained for internal use are amortized on a straight-line basis over three years.

Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets

The tables below present the carrying values of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets.

	Goodwill as of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Investment Banking:
Financial Advisory		$     98	$     98
Underwriting		183	183
Institutional Client Services:
Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution		269	269
Equities Client Execution		2,403	2,402
Securities Services		105	105
Investing & Lending		2	2
Investment Management		606	598
Total		$3,666	$3,657

	Identifiable Intangible Assets as of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Institutional Client Services:
Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution		$  65	$  92
Equities Client Execution		141	193
Investing & Lending		105	75
Investment Management		118	131
Total		$429	$491

Goodwill. Goodwill is the cost of acquired companies in excess of the fair value of net assets, including identifiable intangible assets, at the acquisition date.

Goodwill is assessed for impairment annually in the fourth quarter or more frequently if events occur or circumstances change that indicate an impairment may exist. When assessing goodwill for impairment, first, qualitative factors are assessed to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the results of the qualitative assessment are not conclusive, a quantitative goodwill test is performed. The quantitative goodwill test consists of two steps:

• The first step compares the estimated fair value of each reporting unit with its estimated net book value (including goodwill and identifiable intangible assets). If the reporting unit’s estimated fair value exceeds its estimated net book value, goodwill is not impaired. To estimate the fair value of each reporting unit, a relative value technique is used because the firm believes market participants would use this technique to value the firm’s reporting units. The relative value technique applies observable price-to-earnings multiples or price-to-book multiples and projected return on equity of comparable competitors to reporting units’ net earnings or net book value. The net book value of each reporting unit reflects an allocation of total shareholders’ equity and represents the estimated amount of total shareholders’ equity required to support the activities of the reporting unit under currently applicable regulatory capital requirements.

• If the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is less than its estimated net book value, the second step of the goodwill test is performed to measure the amount of impairment, if any. An impairment is equal to the excess of the carrying amount of goodwill over its fair value.

During the fourth quarter of 2016, the firm assessed goodwill for impairment using a qualitative assessment. Multiple factors were assessed with respect to each of the firm’s reporting units to determine whether it was more likely than not that the fair value of any of these reporting units was less than its carrying amount. The qualitative assessment also considered changes since the 2015 quantitative test.

In accordance with ASC 350, the firm considered the following factors in the qualitative assessment performed in the fourth quarter when evaluating whether it was more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit was less than its carrying amount:

• Performance Indicators. During 2016, the firm’s net earnings, pre-tax margin, diluted earnings per common share, return on average common shareholders’ equity and book value per common share increased as compared with 2015. In addition, the firm’s overall cost structure declined reflecting the impact of expense savings initiatives.

• Firm and Industry Events. There were no events, entity-specific or otherwise, since the 2015 quantitative goodwill test that would have had a significant negative impact on the valuation of the firm’s reporting units.

• Macroeconomic Indicators. Since the 2015 quantitative goodwill test, the firm’s general operating environment improved as concerns about the outlook for global economic growth moderated.

• Fair Value Indicators. Since the 2015 quantitative goodwill test, fair value indicators improved as global equity prices increased and credit spreads tightened. In addition, most publicly-traded industry participants, including the firm, experienced increases in stock price, price-to-book multiples and price-to-earnings multiples.

As a result of the qualitative assessment, the firm determined that it was more likely than not that the fair value of each of the reporting units exceeded its respective carrying amount.

Notwithstanding the results of the qualitative assessment, since the 2015 quantitative goodwill test determined that the estimated fair value of the Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution reporting unit was not substantially in excess of its carrying value, the firm also performed a quantitative test on this reporting unit during the fourth quarter of 2016. In the quantitative test, the estimated fair value of the Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution reporting unit substantially exceeded its carrying value.

Therefore, the firm determined that goodwill for all reporting units was not impaired.

Identifiable Intangible Assets. The table below presents the gross carrying amount, accumulated amortization and net carrying amount of identifiable intangible assets.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Customer lists
Gross carrying amount		$ 1,065		$ 1,072
Accumulated amortization		(837	)	(777	)
Net carrying amount		228		295
Other
Gross carrying amount		543		449
Accumulated amortization		(342	)	(253	)
Net carrying amount		201		196
Total
Gross carrying amount		1,608		1,521
Accumulated amortization		(1,179	)	(1,030	)
Net carrying amount		$    429		$    491

In the table above:

• The net carrying amount of other intangibles primarily includes intangible assets related to acquired leases and commodities transportation rights.

• During 2016 and 2015, the firm acquired $89 million (primarily related to acquired leases) and $67 million (primarily related to customer lists), respectively, of intangible assets with a weighted average amortization period of three years.

Substantially all of the firm’s identifiable intangible assets are considered to have finite useful lives and are amortized over their estimated useful lives generally using the straight-line method.

The tables below present details about amortization of identifiable intangible assets.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016	2015	2014
Amortization		$162	$132	$217

$ in millions	As of December 2016
Estimated future amortization
2017	$133
2018	113
2019	79
2020	29
2021	19

Impairments

The firm tests property, leasehold improvements and equipment, identifiable intangible assets and other assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances suggest that an asset’s or asset group’s carrying value may not be fully recoverable. To the extent the carrying value of an asset exceeds the projected undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposal of the asset or asset group, the firm determines the asset is impaired and records an impairment equal to the difference between the estimated fair value and the carrying value of the asset or asset group. In addition, the firm will recognize an impairment prior to the sale of an asset if the carrying value of the asset exceeds its estimated fair value.

During both 2016 and 2015, impairments were not material to the firm’s results of operations or financial condition.

During 2014, primarily as a result of deterioration in market and operating conditions related to certain of the firm’s consolidated investments and the firm’s exchange-traded fund lead market maker (LMM) rights, the firm determined that certain assets were impaired and recorded impairments of $360 million, all of which were included in “Depreciation and amortization.” These impairments consisted of $268 million related to property, leasehold improvements and equipment, substantially all of which was attributable to a consolidated investment in Latin America, $70 million related to identifiable intangible assets, primarily attributable to the firm’s LMM rights, and $22 million related to goodwill as a result of the sale of Metro International Trade Services (Metro). The impairments related to property, leasehold improvements and equipment and goodwill were included within the firm’s Investing & Lending segment and the impairments related to identifiable intangible assets were principally included within the firm’s Institutional Client Services segment. The impairments represented the excess of the carrying values of these assets over their estimated fair values, substantially all of which are calculated using level 3 measurements. These fair values were calculated using a combination of discounted cash flow analyses and relative value analyses, including the estimated cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of these assets.

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Deposits

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Banking and Thrift [Abstract]

Deposits

Note 14.

Deposits

The table below presents the types and sources of the firm’s deposits.

$ in millions	Savings and Demand	Time	Total
As of December 2016
Private bank and online retail	$61,166	$  4,437	$  65,603
Brokered certificates of deposit	—	34,905	34,905
Deposit sweep programs	16,019	—	16,019
Institutional	12	7,559	7,571
Total	$77,197	$46,901	$124,098
As of December 2015
Private bank	$38,715	$  2,354	$  41,069
Brokered certificates of deposit	—	32,419	32,419
Deposit sweep programs	15,791	—	15,791
Institutional	1	8,239	8,240
Total	$54,507	$43,012	$  97,519

In April 2016, Goldman Sachs Bank USA (GS Bank USA) acquired GE Capital Bank’s online retail deposit platform and assumed $16.52 billion of deposits, consisting of $8.76 billion in online deposit accounts and certificates of deposit, and $7.76 billion in brokered certificates of deposit. In the table above:

• Substantially all deposits are interest-bearing.

• Savings and demand deposits have no stated maturity.

• Time deposits include $13.78 billion and $14.68 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, of deposits accounted for at fair value under the fair value option. See Note 8 for further information about deposits accounted for at fair value.

• Time deposits have a weighted average maturity of approximately 2.5 years and 3 years as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively.

• Deposit sweep programs represent long-term contractual agreements with several U.S. broker-dealers who sweep client cash to FDIC-insured deposits.

• Deposits insured by the FDIC as of December 2016 and December 2015 were approximately $69.91 billion and $55.48 billion, respectively.

The table below presents deposits held in U.S. and non-U.S. offices. Substantially all U.S. deposits were held at GS Bank USA and substantially all non-U.S. deposits were held at Goldman Sachs International Bank (GSIB).

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
U.S. offices		$106,037	$81,920
Non-U.S. offices		18,061	15,599
Total		$124,098	$97,519

The table below presents maturities of time deposits held in U.S. and non-U.S. offices.

	As of December 2016
$ in millions		U.S.	Non-U.S.	Total
2017		$11,245	$8,262	$19,507
2018		6,004	542	6,546
2019		5,350	—	5,350
2020		4,054	—	4,054
2021		3,519	39	3,558
2022 - thereafter		7,671	215	7,886
Total		$37,843	$9,058	$46,901

As of December 2016, deposits in U.S. and non-U.S. offices include $2.05 billion and $8.53 billion, respectively, of time deposits that were greater than $250,000.

The firm’s savings and demand deposits are recorded based on the amount of cash received plus accrued interest, which approximates fair value. In addition, the firm designates certain derivatives as fair value hedges to convert a majority of its time deposits not accounted for at fair value from fixed-rate obligations into floating-rate obligations. Accordingly, the carrying value of time deposits approximated fair value as of December 2016 and December 2015. While these savings and demand deposits and time deposits are carried at amounts that approximate fair value, they are not accounted for at fair value under the fair value option or at fair value in accordance with other U.S. GAAP and therefore are not included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy in Notes 6 through 8. Had these deposits been included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy, they would have been classified in level 2 as of December 2016 and December 2015.

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Short-Term Borrowings

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Short-Term Borrowings

Note 15.

Short-Term Borrowings

The table below presents details about the firm’s short-term borrowings.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Other secured financings (short-term)		$13,118	$14,233
Unsecured short-term borrowings		39,265	42,787
Total		$52,383	$57,020

See Note 10 for information about other secured financings.

Unsecured short-term borrowings include the portion of unsecured long-term borrowings maturing within one year of the financial statement date and unsecured long-term borrowings that are redeemable within one year of the financial statement date at the option of the holder.

The firm accounts for commercial paper and certain hybrid financial instruments at fair value under the fair value option. See Note 8 for further information about unsecured short-term borrowings that are accounted for at fair value. The carrying value of unsecured short-term borrowings that are not recorded at fair value generally approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of the obligations. While these unsecured short-term borrowings are carried at amounts that approximate fair value, they are not accounted for at fair value under the fair value option or at fair value in accordance with other U.S. GAAP and therefore are not included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy in Notes 6 through 8. Had these borrowings been included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy, substantially all would have been classified in level 2 as of December 2016 and December 2015.

The table below presents details about the firm’s unsecured short-term borrowings.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Current portion of unsecured long-term borrowings		$23,528	$25,373
Hybrid financial instruments		11,700	12,956
Commercial paper		—	208
Other short-term borrowings		4,037	4,250
Total		$39,265	$42,787
Weighted average interest rate		1.68%	1.52%

In the table above:

• The current portion of unsecured long-term borrowings includes $21.53 billion and $24.11 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, issued by Group Inc.

• The weighted average interest rates for these borrowings include the effect of hedging activities and exclude financial instruments accounted for at fair value under the fair value option. See Note 7 for further information about hedging activities.

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Long-Term Borrowings

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Long-Term Borrowings

Note 16.

Long-Term Borrowings

The table below presents details about the firm’s long-term borrowings.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Other secured financings (long-term)		$    8,405	$  10,520
Unsecured long-term borrowings		189,086	175,422
Total		$197,491	$185,942

See Note 10 for information about other secured financings.

The table below presents unsecured long-term borrowings extending through 2056 and consisting principally of senior borrowings.

$ in millions	U.S. Dollar	Non-U.S. Dollar	Total
As of December 2016
Fixed-rate obligations:
Group Inc.	$  93,885	$31,274	$125,159
Subsidiaries	2,228	885	3,113
Floating-rate obligations:
Group Inc.	27,864	19,112	46,976
Subsidiaries	8,884	4,954	13,838
Total	$132,861	$56,225	$189,086
As of December 2015
Fixed-rate obligations:
Group Inc.	$  90,076	$29,808	$119,884
Subsidiaries	2,114	895	3,009
Floating-rate obligations:
Group Inc.	27,881	16,916	44,797
Subsidiaries	5,662	2,070	7,732
Total	$125,733	$49,689	$175,422

In the table above:

• Floating interest rates are generally based on LIBOR or OIS. Equity-linked and indexed instruments are included in floating-rate obligations.

• Interest rates on U.S. dollar-denominated debt ranged from 1.60% to 10.04% (with a weighted average rate of 4.57%) and 1.60% to 10.04% (with a weighted average rate of 4.89%) as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively.

• Interest rates on non-U.S. dollar-denominated debt ranged from 0.02% to 13.00% (with a weighted average rate of 3.05%) and 0.40% to 13.00% (with a weighted average rate of 3.81%) as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively.

The table below presents unsecured long-term borrowings by maturity date.

	As of December 2016
$ in millions		Group Inc.	Subsidiaries	Total
2018		$  23,814	$  2,890	$  26,704
2019		23,012	2,582	25,594
2020		17,291	1,118	18,409
2021		20,005	740	20,745
2022 - thereafter		88,013	9,621	97,634
Total		$172,135	$16,951	$189,086

In the table above:

• Unsecured long-term borrowings maturing within one year of the financial statement date and unsecured long-term borrowings that are redeemable within one year of the financial statement date at the option of the holder are excluded as they are included as unsecured short-term borrowings.

• Unsecured long-term borrowings that are repayable prior to maturity at the option of the firm are reflected at their contractual maturity dates.

• Unsecured long-term borrowings that are redeemable prior to maturity at the option of the holder are reflected at the earliest dates such options become exercisable.

• Unsecured long-term borrowings include $7.43 billion of adjustments to the carrying value of certain unsecured long-term borrowings resulting from the application of hedge accounting by year of maturity as follows: $386 million in 2018, $295 million in 2019, $355 million in 2020, $586 million in 2021, and $5.81 billion in 2022 and thereafter.

The firm designates certain derivatives as fair value hedges to convert a portion of its fixed-rate unsecured long-term borrowings not accounted for at fair value into floating-rate obligations. See Note 7 for further information about hedging activities. The table below presents unsecured long-term borrowings, after giving effect to such hedging activities.

$ in millions	Group Inc.	Subsidiaries	Total
As of December 2016
Fixed-rate obligations:
At fair value	$          —	$     150	$       150
At amortized cost	71,225	3,493	74,718
Floating-rate obligations:
At fair value	17,591	11,669	29,260
At amortized cost	83,319	1,639	84,958
Total	$172,135	$16,951	$189,086
As of December 2015
Fixed-rate obligations:
At fair value	$          —	$       21	$         21
At amortized cost	52,448	2,569	55,017
Floating-rate obligations:
At fair value	16,194	6,058	22,252
At amortized cost	96,039	2,093	98,132
Total	$164,681	$10,741	$175,422

In the table above, the weighted average interest rates on the aggregate amounts were 2.87% (3.90% related to fixed-rate obligations and 1.97% related to floating-rate obligations) and 2.73% (4.33% related to fixed-rate obligations and 1.84% related to floating-rate obligations) as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively. These rates exclude financial instruments accounted for at fair value under the fair value option.

As of December 2016 and December 2015, the carrying value of unsecured long-term borrowings for which the firm did not elect the fair value option approximated fair value. As these borrowings are not accounted for at fair value under the fair value option or at fair value in accordance with other U.S. GAAP, their fair value is not included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy in Notes 6 through 8. Had these borrowings been included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy, substantially all would have been classified in level 2 as of December 2016 and December 2015.

Subordinated Borrowings

Unsecured long-term borrowings include subordinated debt and junior subordinated debt. Junior subordinated debt is junior in right of payment to other subordinated borrowings, which are junior to senior borrowings. As of both December 2016 and December 2015, subordinated debt had maturities ranging from 2018 to 2045. Subordinated debt that matures within one year of the financial statement date is included in “Unsecured short-term borrowings.”

The table below presents subordinated borrowings.

$ in millions	Par Amount	Carrying Amount	Rate
As of December 2016
Subordinated debt	$15,058	$17,604	4.29%
Junior subordinated debt	1,360	1,809	5.70%
Total	$16,418	$19,413	4.41%
As of December 2015
Subordinated debt	$18,004	$20,784	3.79%
Junior subordinated debt	1,359	1,817	5.77%
Total	$19,363	$22,601	3.93%

In the table above:

• Par amount and carrying amount of subordinated debt issued by Group Inc. were $14.84 billion and $17.39 billion, respectively, as of December 2016 and $17.47 billion and $20.25 billion, respectively, as of December 2015.

• The rate is the weighted average interest rate for these borrowings, including the effect of fair value hedges used to convert these fixed-rate obligations into floating-rate obligations. See Note 7 for further information about hedging activities.

Junior Subordinated Debt

Junior Subordinated Debt Held by Trusts. In 2012, the Vesey Street Investment Trust I (Vesey Street Trust) and the Murray Street Investment Trust I (Murray Street Trust) issued an aggregate of $2.25 billion of senior guaranteed trust securities to third parties, the proceeds of which were used to purchase junior subordinated debt issued by Group Inc. from Goldman Sachs Capital II and Goldman Sachs Capital III (APEX Trusts). The APEX Trusts used the proceeds to purchase shares of Group Inc.’s Perpetual Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series E (Series E Preferred Stock) and Perpetual Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series F (Series F Preferred Stock). The senior guaranteed trust securities issued by the Vesey Street Trust and the related junior subordinated debt matured during the third quarter of 2016. As of December 2016, $1.45 billion of senior guaranteed trust securities issued by the Murray Street Trust and the related junior subordinated debt (that pays interest semi-annually at a fixed annual rate of 4.647%, and matures on March 9, 2017) were outstanding.

The Murray Street Trust is required to redeem its senior guaranteed trust securities upon the maturity of the junior subordinated debt it holds.

The firm has the right to defer payments on the junior subordinated debt, subject to limitations. During any such deferral period, the firm will not be permitted to, among other things, pay dividends on or make certain repurchases of its common or preferred stock. However, as Group Inc. fully and unconditionally guarantees the payment of the distribution and redemption amounts when due on a senior basis on the senior guaranteed trust securities, the junior subordinated debt held by the Murray Street Trust is included in “Unsecured short-term borrowings,” and is not classified as subordinated borrowings.

The APEX Trusts and the Murray Street Trust are Delaware statutory trusts sponsored by the firm and wholly-owned finance subsidiaries of the firm for regulatory and legal purposes but are not consolidated for accounting purposes.

The firm has covenanted in favor of the holders of Group Inc.’s 6.345% junior subordinated debt due February 15, 2034, that, subject to certain exceptions, the firm will not redeem or purchase the capital securities issued by the APEX Trusts, shares of Group Inc.’s Series E or Series F Preferred Stock or shares of Group Inc.’s Series O Perpetual Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock if the redemption or purchase results in less than $253 million aggregate liquidation preference outstanding, prior to specified dates in 2022 for a price that exceeds a maximum amount determined by reference to the net cash proceeds that the firm has received from the sale of qualifying securities. During 2016, the firm exchanged a par amount of $1.32 billion of APEX issued by the APEX Trusts for a corresponding redemption value of the Series E and Series F Preferred Stock, which was permitted under the covenants referenced above.

Junior Subordinated Debt Issued in Connection with Trust Preferred Securities. Group Inc. issued $2.84 billion of junior subordinated debt in 2004 to Goldman Sachs Capital I (Trust), a Delaware statutory trust. The Trust issued $2.75 billion of guaranteed preferred beneficial interests (Trust Preferred Securities) to third parties and $85 million of common beneficial interests to Group Inc. and used the proceeds from the issuances to purchase the junior subordinated debt from Group Inc. During 2014 and the first quarter of 2015, the firm purchased $1.43 billion (par amount) of Trust Preferred Securities and delivered these securities, along with $44.2 million of common beneficial interests, to the Trust in exchange for a corresponding par amount of the junior subordinated debt. Following the exchanges, these Trust Preferred Securities, common beneficial interests and junior subordinated debt were extinguished. Subsequent to these extinguishments, the outstanding par amount of junior subordinated debt held by the Trust was $1.36 billion and the outstanding par amount of Trust Preferred Securities and common beneficial interests issued by the Trust was $1.32 billion and $40.8 million, respectively. The Trust is a wholly-owned finance subsidiary of the firm for regulatory and legal purposes but is not consolidated for accounting purposes.

The firm pays interest semi-annually on the junior subordinated debt at an annual rate of 6.345% and the debt matures on February 15, 2034. The coupon rate and the payment dates applicable to the beneficial interests are the same as the interest rate and payment dates for the junior subordinated debt. The firm has the right, from time to time, to defer payment of interest on the junior subordinated debt, and therefore cause payment on the Trust’s preferred beneficial interests to be deferred, in each case up to ten consecutive semi-annual periods. During any such deferral period, the firm will not be permitted to, among other things, pay dividends on or make certain repurchases of its common stock. The Trust is not permitted to pay any distributions on the common beneficial interests held by Group Inc. unless all dividends payable on the preferred beneficial interests have been paid in full.

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Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses

Note 17.

Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses

The table below presents other liabilities and accrued expenses by type.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Compensation and benefits		$    7,181	$    8,149
Noncontrolling interests		506	459
Income tax-related liabilities		1,794	1,280
Employee interests in consolidated funds		77	149
Subordinated liabilities of consolidated VIEs		584	501
Accrued expenses and other		4,220	8,355
Total		$  14,362	$  18,893

In the table above, the decrease in accrued expenses and other from December 2015 to December 2016 reflects payments related to the settlement agreement with the Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities Working Group of the U.S. Financial Fraud Enforcement Task Force (RMBS Working Group), as well as the sale of liabilities previously classified as held for sale related to certain of the firm’s consolidated investments.

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Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees

Note 18.

Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees

Commitments

The table below presents the firm’s commitments by type.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Commitments to extend credit
Commercial lending:
Investment-grade		$  73,664	$  72,428
Non-investment-grade		34,878	41,277
Warehouse financing		3,514	3,453
Total commitments to extend credit		112,056	117,158
Contingent and forward starting resale and securities borrowing agreements		25,348	28,874
Forward starting repurchase and secured lending agreements		8,939	5,878
Letters of credit		373	249
Investment commitments		8,444	6,054
Other		6,014	6,944
Total commitments		$161,174	$165,157

The table below presents the firm’s commitments by period of expiration.

	As of December 2016
$ in millions		2017	2018 - 2019	2020 - 2021	2022 - Thereafter
Commitments to extend credit
Commercial lending:
Investment-grade		$19,408	$14,091	$39,665	$   500
Non-investment-grade		2,562	9,458	18,484	4,374
Warehouse financing		388	1,356	263	1,507
Total commitments to extend credit		22,358	24,905	58,412	6,381
Contingent and forward starting resale and securities borrowing agreements		25,348	—	—	—
Forward starting repurchase and secured lending agreements		8,939	—	—	—
Letters of credit		308	21	—	44
Investment commitments		6,713	415	108	1,208
Other		5,756	200	15	43
Total commitments		$69,422	$25,541	$58,535	$7,676

Commitments to Extend Credit

The firm’s commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend with fixed termination dates and depend on the satisfaction of all contractual conditions to borrowing. These commitments are presented net of amounts syndicated to third parties. The total commitment amount does not necessarily reflect actual future cash flows because the firm may syndicate all or substantial additional portions of these commitments. In addition, commitments can expire unused or be reduced or cancelled at the counterparty’s request.

As of December 2016 and December 2015, $98.05 billion and $93.92 billion, respectively, of the firm’s lending commitments were held for investment and were accounted for on an accrual basis. See Note 9 for further information about such commitments. In addition, as of December 2016 and December 2015, $6.87 billion and $9.92 billion, respectively, of the firm’s lending commitments were held for sale and were accounted for at the lower of cost or fair value.

The firm accounts for the remaining commitments to extend credit at fair value. Losses, if any, are generally recorded, net of any fees in “Other principal transactions.”

Commercial Lending. The firm’s commercial lending commitments are extended to investment-grade and non-investment-grade corporate borrowers. Commitments to investment-grade corporate borrowers are principally used for operating liquidity and general corporate purposes. The firm also extends lending commitments in connection with contingent acquisition financing and other types of corporate lending as well as commercial real estate financing. Commitments that are extended for contingent acquisition financing are often intended to be short-term in nature, as borrowers often seek to replace them with other funding sources.

Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group, Inc. (SMFG) provides the firm with credit loss protection on certain approved loan commitments (primarily investment-grade commercial lending commitments). The notional amount of such loan commitments was $26.88 billion and $27.03 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively. The credit loss protection on loan commitments provided by SMFG is generally limited to 95% of the first loss the firm realizes on such commitments, up to a maximum of approximately $950 million. In addition, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, upon the firm’s request, SMFG will provide protection for 70% of additional losses on such commitments, up to a maximum of $1.13 billion, of which $768 million of protection had been provided as of both December 2016 and December 2015. The firm also uses other financial instruments to mitigate credit risks related to certain commitments not covered by SMFG. These instruments primarily include credit default swaps that reference the same or similar underlying instrument or entity, or credit default swaps that reference a market index.

Warehouse Financing. The firm provides financing to clients who warehouse financial assets. These arrangements are secured by the warehoused assets, primarily consisting of consumer and corporate loans.

Contingent and Forward Starting Resale and Securities Borrowing Agreements/Forward Starting Repurchase and Secured Lending Agreements

The firm enters into resale and securities borrowing agreements and repurchase and secured lending agreements that settle at a future date, generally within three business days. The firm also enters into commitments to provide contingent financing to its clients and counterparties through resale agreements. The firm’s funding of these commitments depends on the satisfaction of all contractual conditions to the resale agreement and these commitments can expire unused.

Letters of Credit

The firm has commitments under letters of credit issued by various banks which the firm provides to counterparties in lieu of securities or cash to satisfy various collateral and margin deposit requirements.

Investment Commitments

The firm’s investment commitments include commitments to invest in private equity, real estate and other assets directly and through funds that the firm raises and manages. Investment commitments include $2.10 billion and $2.86 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, related to commitments to invest in funds managed by the firm. If these commitments are called, they would be funded at market value on the date of investment.

Leases

The firm has contractual obligations under long-term noncancelable lease agreements for office space expiring on various dates through 2069. Certain agreements are subject to periodic escalation provisions for increases in real estate taxes and other charges.

The table below presents future minimum rental payments, net of minimum sublease rentals.

$ in millions	As of December 2016
2017	$   290
2018	282
2019	238
2020	206
2021	159
2022 - thereafter	766
Total	$1,941

Rent charged to operating expense was $244 million for 2016, $249 million for 2015 and $309 million for 2014.

Operating leases include office space held in excess of current requirements. Rent expense relating to space held for growth is included in “Occupancy.” The firm records a liability, based on the fair value of the remaining lease rentals reduced by any potential or existing sublease rentals, for leases where the firm has ceased using the space and management has concluded that the firm will not derive any future economic benefits. Costs to terminate a lease before the end of its term are recognized and measured at fair value on termination. During 2016, the firm incurred exit costs of approximately $68 million related to excess office space.

Contingencies

Legal Proceedings. See Note 27 for information about legal proceedings, including certain mortgage-related matters, and agreements the firm has entered into to toll the statute of limitations.

Certain Mortgage-Related Contingencies. There are multiple areas of focus by regulators, governmental agencies and others within the mortgage market that may impact originators, issuers, servicers and investors. There remains significant uncertainty surrounding the nature and extent of any potential exposure for participants in this market.

The firm has not been a significant originator of residential mortgage loans. The firm did purchase loans originated by others and generally received loan-level representations. During the period 2005 through 2008, the firm sold approximately $10 billion of loans to government-sponsored enterprises and approximately $11 billion of loans to other third parties. In addition, the firm transferred $125 billion of loans to trusts and other mortgage securitization vehicles. In connection with both sales of loans and securitizations, the firm provided loan-level representations and/or assigned the loan-level representations from the party from whom the firm purchased the loans.

The firm’s exposure to claims for repurchase of residential mortgage loans based on alleged breaches of representations will depend on a number of factors such as the extent to which these claims are made within the statute of limitations, taking into consideration the agreements to toll the statute of limitations the firm has entered into with trustees representing certain trusts. Based upon the large number of defaults in residential mortgages, including those sold or securitized by the firm, there is a potential for repurchase claims. However, the firm is not in a position to make a meaningful estimate of that exposure at this time.

Other Contingencies. In connection with the sale of Metro, the firm agreed to provide indemnities to the buyer, which primarily relate to fundamental representations and warranties, and potential liabilities for legal or regulatory proceedings arising out of the conduct of Metro’s business while the firm owned it.

In connection with the settlement agreement with the RMBS Working Group, the firm agreed to provide $1.80 billion in consumer relief in the form of principal forgiveness for underwater homeowners and distressed borrowers; financing for construction, rehabilitation and preservation of affordable housing; and support for debt restructuring, foreclosure prevention and housing quality improvement programs, as well as land banks.

Guarantees

The table below presents information about certain derivatives that meet the definition of a guarantee, securities lending indemnifications and certain other guarantees.

$ in millions	Derivatives	Securities lending indemnifications	Other financial guarantees
As of December 2016
Carrying Value of Net Liability	$    8,873	$       —	$     50
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount by Period of Expiration
2017	$432,328	$33,403	$1,064
2018 - 2019	261,676	—	763
2020 - 2021	71,264	—	1,662
2022 - thereafter	51,506	—	173
Total	$816,774	$33,403	$3,662
As of December 2015
Carrying Value of Net Liability	$    8,351	$       —	$     76
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount by Period of Expiration
2016	$640,288	$31,902	$   611
2017 - 2018	168,784	—	1,402
2019 - 2020	67,643	—	1,772
2021 - thereafter	49,728	—	676
Total	$926,443	$31,902	$4,461

In the table above:

• The maximum payout is based on the notional amount of the contract and does not represent anticipated losses.

• Amounts exclude certain commitments to issue standby letters of credit that are included in “Commitments to extend credit.” See the tables in “Commitments” above for a summary of the firm’s commitments.

Derivative Guarantees. The firm enters into various derivatives that meet the definition of a guarantee under U.S. GAAP, including written equity and commodity put options, written currency contracts and interest rate caps, floors and swaptions. These derivatives are risk managed together with derivatives that do not meet the definition of a guarantee, and therefore the amounts in the table above do not reflect the firm’s overall risk related to its derivative activities. Disclosures about derivatives are not required if they may be cash settled and the firm has no basis to conclude it is probable that the counterparties held the underlying instruments at inception of the contract. The firm has concluded that these conditions have been met for certain large, internationally active commercial and investment bank counterparties, central clearing counterparties and certain other counterparties. Accordingly, the firm has not included such contracts in the table above. In addition, see Note 7 for information about credit derivatives that meet the definition of a guarantee, which are not included in the table above.

Derivatives are accounted for at fair value and therefore the carrying value is considered the best indication of payment/performance risk for individual contracts. However, the carrying values in the table above exclude the effect of counterparty and cash collateral netting.

Securities Lending Indemnifications. The firm, in its capacity as an agency lender, indemnifies most of its securities lending customers against losses incurred in the event that borrowers do not return securities and the collateral held is insufficient to cover the market value of the securities borrowed. Collateral held by the lenders in connection with securities lending indemnifications was $34.33 billion and $32.85 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively. Because the contractual nature of these arrangements requires the firm to obtain collateral with a market value that exceeds the value of the securities lent to the borrower, there is minimal performance risk associated with these guarantees.

Other Financial Guarantees. In the ordinary course of business, the firm provides other financial guarantees of the obligations of third parties (e.g., standby letters of credit and other guarantees to enable clients to complete transactions and fund-related guarantees). These guarantees represent obligations to make payments to beneficiaries if the guaranteed party fails to fulfill its obligation under a contractual arrangement with that beneficiary.

Guarantees of Securities Issued by Trusts. The firm has established trusts, including Goldman Sachs Capital I, the APEX Trusts, the Murray Street Trust, and other entities for the limited purpose of issuing securities to third parties, lending the proceeds to the firm and entering into contractual arrangements with the firm and third parties related to this purpose. The firm does not consolidate these entities. See Note 16 for further information about the transactions involving Goldman Sachs Capital I, the APEX Trusts, and the Murray Street Trust.

The firm effectively provides for the full and unconditional guarantee of the securities issued by these entities. Timely payment by the firm of amounts due to these entities under the guarantee, borrowing, preferred stock and related contractual arrangements will be sufficient to cover payments due on the securities issued by these entities.

Management believes that it is unlikely that any circumstances will occur, such as nonperformance on the part of paying agents or other service providers, that would make it necessary for the firm to make payments related to these entities other than those required under the terms of the guarantee, borrowing, preferred stock and related contractual arrangements and in connection with certain expenses incurred by these entities.

Indemnities and Guarantees of Service Providers. In the ordinary course of business, the firm indemnifies and guarantees certain service providers, such as clearing and custody agents, trustees and administrators, against specified potential losses in connection with their acting as an agent of, or providing services to, the firm or its affiliates.

The firm may also be liable to some clients or other parties for losses arising from its custodial role or caused by acts or omissions of third-party service providers, including sub-custodians and third-party brokers. In certain cases, the firm has the right to seek indemnification from these third-party service providers for certain relevant losses incurred by the firm. In addition, the firm is a member of payment, clearing and settlement networks as well as securities exchanges around the world that may require the firm to meet the obligations of such networks and exchanges in the event of member defaults and other loss scenarios.

In connection with the firm’s prime brokerage and clearing businesses, the firm agrees to clear and settle on behalf of its clients the transactions entered into by them with other brokerage firms. The firm’s obligations in respect of such transactions are secured by the assets in the client’s account as well as any proceeds received from the transactions cleared and settled by the firm on behalf of the client. In connection with joint venture investments, the firm may issue loan guarantees under which it may be liable in the event of fraud, misappropriation, environmental liabilities and certain other matters involving the borrower.

The firm is unable to develop an estimate of the maximum payout under these guarantees and indemnifications. However, management believes that it is unlikely the firm will have to make any material payments under these arrangements, and no material liabilities related to these guarantees and indemnifications have been recognized in the consolidated statements of financial condition as of December 2016 and December 2015.

Other Representations, Warranties and Indemnifications. The firm provides representations and warranties to counterparties in connection with a variety of commercial transactions and occasionally indemnifies them against potential losses caused by the breach of those representations and warranties. The firm may also provide indemnifications protecting against changes in or adverse application of certain U.S. tax laws in connection with ordinary-course transactions such as securities issuances, borrowings or derivatives.

In addition, the firm may provide indemnifications to some counterparties to protect them in the event additional taxes are owed or payments are withheld, due either to a change in or an adverse application of certain non-U.S. tax laws.

These indemnifications generally are standard contractual terms and are entered into in the ordinary course of business. Generally, there are no stated or notional amounts included in these indemnifications, and the contingencies triggering the obligation to indemnify are not expected to occur. The firm is unable to develop an estimate of the maximum payout under these guarantees and indemnifications. However, management believes that it is unlikely the firm will have to make any material payments under these arrangements, and no material liabilities related to these arrangements have been recognized in the consolidated statements of financial condition as of December 2016 and December 2015.

Guarantees of Subsidiaries. Group Inc. fully and unconditionally guarantees the securities issued by GS Finance Corp., a wholly-owned finance subsidiary of the firm.

Group Inc. has guaranteed the payment obligations of Goldman, Sachs & Co. (GS&Co.) and GS Bank USA, subject to certain exceptions.

In addition, Group Inc. guarantees many of the obligations of its other consolidated subsidiaries on a transaction-by-transaction basis, as negotiated with counterparties. Group Inc. is unable to develop an estimate of the maximum payout under its subsidiary guarantees; however, because these guaranteed obligations are also obligations of consolidated subsidiaries, Group Inc.’s liabilities as guarantor are not separately disclosed.

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Shareholders' Equity

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Text Block [Abstract]

Shareholders' Equity

Note 19.

Shareholders’ Equity

Common Equity

Dividends declared per common share were $2.60 in 2016, $2.55 in 2015 and $2.25 in 2014. On January 17, 2017, Group Inc. declared a dividend of $0.65 per common share to be paid on March 30, 2017 to common shareholders of record on March 2, 2017.

The firm’s share repurchase program is intended to help maintain the appropriate level of common equity. The share repurchase program is effected primarily through regular open-market purchases (which may include repurchase plans designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1), the amounts and timing of which are determined primarily by the firm’s current and projected capital position, but which may also be influenced by general market conditions and the prevailing price and trading volumes of the firm’s common stock. Prior to repurchasing common stock, the firm must receive confirmation that the Federal Reserve Board does not object to such capital actions.

The table below presents the amount of common stock repurchased by the firm under the share repurchase program.

	Year Ended December
in millions, except per share amounts		2016	2015	2014
Common share repurchases		36.6	22.1	31.8
Average cost per share		$165.88	$189.41	$171.79
Total cost of common share repurchases		$  6,069	$  4,195	$  5,469

Pursuant to the terms of certain share-based compensation plans, employees may remit shares to the firm or the firm may cancel RSUs or stock options to satisfy minimum statutory employee tax withholding requirements and the exercise price of stock options. Under these plans, during 2016, 2015 and 2014, 49,374 shares, 35,217 shares and 174,489 shares were remitted with a total value of $7 million, $6 million and $31 million, and the firm cancelled 6.1 million, 5.7 million and 5.8 million of RSUs with a total value of $921 million, $1.03 billion and $974 million. Under these plans, the firm also cancelled 5.5 million, 2.0 million and 15.6 million of stock options with a total value of $1.11 billion, $406 million and $2.65 billion during 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Preferred Equity

The tables below present details about the perpetual preferred stock issued and outstanding as of December 2016.

Series	Shares Authorized	Shares Issued	Shares Outstanding	Depositary Shares Per Share
A	50,000	30,000	29,999	1,000
B	50,000	32,000	32,000	1,000
C	25,000	8,000	8,000	1,000
D	60,000	54,000	53,999	1,000
E	17,500	7,667	7,667	N/A
F	5,000	1,615	1,615	N/A
I	34,500	34,000	34,000	1,000
J	46,000	40,000	40,000	1,000
K	32,200	28,000	28,000	1,000
L	52,000	52,000	52,000	25
M	80,000	80,000	80,000	25
N	31,050	27,000	27,000	1,000
O	26,000	26,000	26,000	25
Total	509,250	420,282	420,280

Series	Earliest Redemption Date	Liquidation Preference	Redemption Value ($ in millions)
A	Currently redeemable	$  25,000	$     750
B	Currently redeemable	25,000	800
C	Currently redeemable	25,000	200
D	Currently redeemable	25,000	1,350
E	Currently redeemable	100,000	767
F	Currently redeemable	100,000	161
I	November 10, 2017	25,000	850
J	May 10, 2023	25,000	1,000
K	May 10, 2024	25,000	700
L	May 10, 2019	25,000	1,300
M	May 10, 2020	25,000	2,000
N	May 10, 2021	25,000	675
O	November 10, 2026	25,000	650
Total			$11,203

In the tables above:

• All shares have a par value of $0.01 per share and, where applicable, each share is represented by the specified number of depositary shares.

• The earliest redemption date represents the date on which each share of non-cumulative Preferred Stock is redeemable at the firm’s option.

• The redemption price per share for Series A through F Preferred Stock is the liquidation preference plus declared and unpaid dividends. The redemption price per share for Series I through O Preferred Stock is the liquidation preference plus accrued and unpaid dividends. Each share of non-cumulative Series E and Series F Preferred Stock issued and outstanding is redeemable at the firm’s option, subject to certain covenant restrictions governing the firm’s ability to redeem the preferred stock without issuing common stock or other instruments with equity-like characteristics. See Note 16 for information about the replacement capital covenants applicable to the Series E and Series F Preferred Stock.

• In February 2016, Group Inc. issued 27,000 shares of Series N perpetual 6.30% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock (Series N Preferred Stock).

• In July 2016, Group Inc. issued 26,000 shares of Series O perpetual 5.30% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock (Series O Preferred Stock).

• Prior to redeeming preferred stock, the firm must receive confirmation that the Federal Reserve Board does not object to such capital actions.

• All series of preferred stock are pari passu and have a preference over the firm’s common stock on liquidation.

• Dividends on each series of preferred stock, excluding Series L, Series M and Series O Preferred Stock, if declared, are payable quarterly in arrears. Dividends on Series L, Series M and Series O Preferred Stock, if declared, are payable semi-annually in arrears from the issuance date to, but excluding, May 10, 2019, May 10, 2020 and November 10, 2026, respectively, and quarterly thereafter.

• The firm’s ability to declare or pay dividends on, or purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire, its common stock is subject to certain restrictions in the event that the firm fails to pay or set aside full dividends on the preferred stock for the latest completed dividend period.

During 2016, the firm delivered a par amount of $1.32 billion (fair value of $1.04 billion) of APEX to the APEX Trusts in exchange for 9,833 shares of Series E Preferred Stock and 3,385 shares of Series F Preferred Stock for a total redemption value of $1.32 billion (net carrying value of $1.31 billion). Following the exchange, shares of Series E and Series F Preferred Stock were cancelled. The difference between the fair value of the APEX and the net carrying value of the preferred stock at the time of cancellation was $266 million for 2016, and was recorded in “Preferred stock dividends,” along with preferred dividends declared on the firm’s preferred stock. See Note 16 for further information about APEX.

The table below presents the dividend rates of the firm’s perpetual preferred stock as of December 2016.

Series	Dividend Rate
A	3 month LIBOR + 0.75%, with floor of 3.75% per annum
B	6.20% per annum
C	3 month LIBOR + 0.75%, with floor of 4.00% per annum
D	3 month LIBOR + 0.67%, with floor of 4.00% per annum
E	3 month LIBOR + 0.77%, with floor of 4.00% per annum
F	3 month LIBOR + 0.77%, with floor of 4.00% per annum
I	5.95% per annum
J	5.50% per annum to, but excluding, May 10, 2023; 3 month LIBOR + 3.64% per annum thereafter
K	6.375% per annum to, but excluding, May 10, 2024; 3 month LIBOR + 3.55% per annum thereafter
L	5.70% per annum to, but excluding, May 10, 2019; 3 month LIBOR + 3.884% per annum thereafter
M	5.375% per annum to, but excluding, May 10, 2020; 3 month LIBOR + 3.922% per annum thereafter
N	6.30% per annum
O	5.30% per annum to, but excluding, November 10, 2026; 3 month LIBOR + 3.834% per annum thereafter

The table below presents preferred dividends declared on the firm’s preferred stock.

	Year Ended December
	2016		2015		2014
Series	per share	$ in  millions	per share	$ in  millions	per share	$ in  millions
A	$   953.12	$  29	$   950.52	$  28	$   945.32	$  28
B	1,550.00	50	1,550.00	50	1,550.00	50
C	1,016.68	8	1,013.90	8	1,008.34	8
D	1,016.68	55	1,013.90	54	1,008.34	54
E	4,066.66	50	4,055.55	71	4,044.44	71
F	4,066.66	13	4,055.55	20	4,044.44	20
I	1,487.52	51	1,487.52	51	1,487.52	51
J	1,375.00	55	1,375.00	55	1,375.00	55
K	1,593.76	45	1,593.76	45	850.00	24
L	1,425.00	74	1,425.00	74	760.00	39
M	1,343.76	107	735.33	59	—	—
N	1,124.38	30	—	—	—	—
O	379.10	10	—	—	—	—
Total		$577		$515		$400

In the table above, the total preferred dividend amounts for Series E and Series F Preferred Stock for 2016 include prorated dividends of $866.67 per share related to 4,861 shares of Series E Preferred Stock and 1,639 shares of Series F Preferred Stock, which were cancelled during 2016.

On January 10, 2017, Group Inc. declared dividends of $239.58, $387.50, $255.56, $255.56, $371.88, $343.75, $398.44 and $393.75 per share of Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series I Preferred Stock, Series J Preferred Stock, Series K Preferred Stock and Series N Preferred Stock, respectively, to be paid on February 10, 2017 to preferred shareholders of record on January 26, 2017. In addition, the firm declared dividends of $1,000.00 per each share of Series E Preferred Stock and Series F Preferred Stock, to be paid on March 1, 2017 to preferred shareholders of record on February 14, 2017.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The table below presents accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, by type. In the table below, the beginning balance of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the current period has been adjusted to reflect the impact of reclassifying the cumulative debt valuation adjustment, net of tax, from retained earnings to accumulated other comprehensive loss. See Note 3 for further information about the adoption of ASU No. 2016-01. See Note 8 for further information about the debt valuation adjustment.

$ in millions	Beginning balance		Other comprehensive income/(loss) adjustments, net of tax		Ending balance
As of December 2016
Currency translation	$(587	)	$  (60	)	$   (647	)
Debt valuation adjustment	305		(544	)	(239	)
Pension and postretirement liabilities	(131	)	(199	)	(330	)
Total	$(413	)	$(803	)	$(1,216	)
As of December 2015
Currency translation	$(473	)	$(114	)	$   (587	)
Pension and postretirement liabilities	(270	)	139		(131	)
Total	$(743	)	$   25		$   (718	)

XML

Regulation and Capital Adequacy

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Text Block [Abstract]

Regulation and Capital Adequacy

Note 20.

Regulation and Capital Adequacy

The Federal Reserve Board is the primary regulator of Group Inc., a bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (BHC Act) and a financial holding company under amendments to the BHC Act. As a bank holding company, the firm is subject to consolidated regulatory capital requirements which are calculated in accordance with the revised risk-based capital and leverage regulations of the Federal Reserve Board, subject to certain transitional provisions (Revised Capital Framework).

The risk-based capital requirements are expressed as capital ratios that compare measures of regulatory capital to risk-weighted assets (RWAs). Failure to comply with these capital requirements could result in restrictions being imposed by the firm’s regulators. The firm’s capital levels are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components of capital, risk weightings and other factors. Furthermore, certain of the firm’s subsidiaries are subject to separate regulations and capital requirements as described below.

Capital Framework

The regulations under the Revised Capital Framework are largely based on the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s (Basel Committee) capital framework for strengthening international capital standards (Basel III) and also implement certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. Under the Revised Capital Framework, the firm is an “Advanced approach” banking organization.

The firm calculates its Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1), Tier 1 capital and Total capital ratios in accordance with (i) the Standardized approach and market risk rules set out in the Revised Capital Framework (together, the Standardized Capital Rules) and (ii) the Advanced approach and market risk rules set out in the Revised Capital Framework (together, the Basel III Advanced Rules). The lower of each ratio calculated in (i) and (ii) is the ratio against which the firm’s compliance with its minimum ratio requirements is assessed. Each of the ratios calculated in accordance with the Basel III Advanced Rules was lower than that calculated in accordance with the Standardized Capital Rules and therefore the Basel III Advanced ratios were the ratios that applied to the firm as of December 2016 and December 2015. The capital ratios that apply to the firm can change in future reporting periods as a result of these regulatory requirements.

Regulatory Capital and Capital Ratios. The table below presents the minimum ratios required for the firm.

	As of December
		2016	2015
CET1 ratio		5.875%	4.5%
Tier 1 capital ratio		7.375%	6.0%
Total capital ratio		9.375%	8.0%
Tier 1 leverage ratio		4.000%	4.0%

In the table above:

• The minimum ratios as of December 2016 reflect (i) the 25% phase-in of the capital conservation buffer (0.625%), (ii) the 25% phase-in of the Global Systemically Important Bank (G-SIB) buffer (0.75%), and (iii) the counter-cyclical capital buffer of zero percent, each described below.

• In order to meet the quantitative requirements for being “well-capitalized” under the Federal Reserve Board’s regulations, the firm must meet a higher required minimum Total capital ratio of 10.0%.

• Tier 1 leverage ratio is defined as Tier 1 capital divided by quarterly average adjusted total assets (which includes adjustments for goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, and certain investments in nonconsolidated financial institutions).

Certain aspects of the Revised Capital Framework’s requirements phase in over time (transitional provisions). These include capital buffers and certain deductions from regulatory capital (such as investments in nonconsolidated financial institutions). These deductions from regulatory capital are required to be phased in ratably per year from 2014 to 2018, with residual amounts not deducted during the transitional period subject to risk weighting. In addition, junior subordinated debt issued to trusts is being phased out of regulatory capital. The minimum CET1, Tier 1 and Total capital ratios that apply to the firm will increase as the capital buffers are phased in.

The capital conservation buffer, which consists entirely of capital that qualifies as CET1, began to phase in on January 1, 2016 and will continue to do so in increments of 0.625% per year until it reaches 2.5% of RWAs on January 1, 2019.

The G-SIB buffer, which is an extension of the capital conservation buffer, phases in ratably, beginning on January 1, 2016, becoming fully effective on January 1, 2019, and must consist entirely of capital that qualifies as CET1. The buffer must be calculated using two methodologies, the higher of which is reflected in the firm’s minimum risk-based capital ratios. The first calculation is based upon the Basel Committee’s methodology which, among other factors, relies upon measures of the size, activity and complexity of each G-SIB (Method One). The second calculation uses similar inputs, but it includes a measure of reliance on short-term wholesale funding (Method Two). The firm’s G-SIB buffer is 3.0%, using financial data primarily as of December 2014. The buffer will be updated annually based on financial data as of the end of the prior year, and will be applicable for the following year.

The Revised Capital Framework also provides for a counter-cyclical capital buffer, which is an extension of the capital conservation buffer, of up to 2.5% (consisting entirely of CET1) intended to counteract systemic vulnerabilities. As of December 2016 the Federal Reserve Board has set the counter-cyclical capital buffer at zero percent.

Failure to meet the capital levels inclusive of the buffers could result in limitations on the firm’s ability to distribute capital, including share repurchases and dividend payments, and to make certain discretionary compensation payments.

Definition of Risk-Weighted Assets. RWAs are calculated in accordance with both the Standardized Capital Rules and the Basel III Advanced Rules. The following is a comparison of RWA calculations under these rules:

• RWAs for credit risk in accordance with the Standardized Capital Rules are calculated in a different manner than the Basel III Advanced Rules. The primary difference is that the Standardized Capital Rules do not contemplate the use of internal models to compute exposure for credit risk on derivatives and securities financing transactions, whereas the Basel III Advanced Rules permit the use of such models, subject to supervisory approval. In addition, credit RWAs calculated in accordance with the Standardized Capital Rules utilize prescribed risk-weights which depend largely on the type of counterparty, rather than on internal assessments of the creditworthiness of such counterparties;

• RWAs for market risk in accordance with the Standardized Capital Rules and the Basel III Advanced Rules are generally consistent; and

• RWAs for operational risk are not required by the Standardized Capital Rules, whereas the Basel III Advanced Rules do include such a requirement.

Credit Risk

Credit RWAs are calculated based upon measures of exposure, which are then risk weighted. The following is a description of the calculation of credit RWAs in accordance with the Standardized Capital Rules and the Basel III Advanced Rules:

• For credit RWAs calculated in accordance with the Standardized Capital Rules, the firm utilizes prescribed risk-weights which depend largely on the type of counterparty (e.g., whether the counterparty is a sovereign, bank, broker-dealer or other entity). The exposure measure for derivatives is based on a combination of positive net current exposure and a percentage of the notional amount of each derivative. The exposure measure for securities financing transactions is calculated to reflect adjustments for potential price volatility, the size of which depends on factors such as the type and maturity of the security, and whether it is denominated in the same currency as the other side of the financing transaction. The firm utilizes specific required formulaic approaches to measure exposure for securitizations and equities; and

• For credit RWAs calculated in accordance with the Basel III Advanced Rules, the firm has been given permission by its regulators to compute risk-weights for wholesale and retail credit exposures in accordance with the Advanced Internal Ratings-Based approach. This approach is based on internal assessments of the creditworthiness of counterparties, with key inputs being the probability of default, loss given default and the effective maturity. The firm utilizes internal models to measure exposure for derivatives, securities financing transactions and eligible margin loans. The Revised Capital Framework requires that a bank holding company obtain prior written agreement from its regulators before using internal models for such purposes. The firm utilizes specific required formulaic approaches to measure exposure for securitizations and equities.

Market Risk

Market RWAs are calculated based on measures of exposure which include Value-at-Risk (VaR), stressed VaR, incremental risk and comprehensive risk based on internal models, and a standardized measurement method for specific risk. The market risk regulatory capital rules require that a bank holding company obtain prior written agreement from its regulators before using any internal model to calculate its risk-based capital requirement. The following is further information regarding the measures of exposure for market RWAs calculated in accordance with the Standardized Capital Rules and Basel III Advanced Rules:

• VaR is the potential loss in value of inventory positions, as well as certain other financial assets and financial liabilities, due to adverse market movements over a defined time horizon with a specified confidence level. For both risk management purposes and regulatory capital calculations the firm uses a single VaR model which captures risks including those related to interest rates, equity prices, currency rates and commodity prices. However, VaR used for regulatory capital requirements (regulatory VaR) differs from risk management VaR due to different time horizons and confidence levels (10-day and 99% for regulatory VaR vs. one-day and 95% for risk management VaR), as well as differences in the scope of positions on which VaR is calculated. In addition, the daily trading net revenues used to determine risk management VaR exceptions (i.e., comparing the daily trading net revenues to the VaR measure calculated as of the end of the prior business day) include intraday activity, whereas the Federal Reserve Board’s regulatory capital rules require that intraday activity be excluded from daily trading net revenues when calculating regulatory VaR exceptions. Intraday activity includes bid/offer net revenues, which are more likely than not to be positive by their nature. As a result, there may be differences in the number of VaR exceptions and the amount of daily trading net revenues calculated for regulatory VaR compared to the amounts calculated for risk management VaR. The firm’s positional losses observed on a single day exceeded its 99% one-day regulatory VaR on two occasions during 2016 and did not exceed its 99% one-day regulatory VaR during 2015. There was no change in the VaR multiplier used to calculate Market RWAs;

• Stressed VaR is the potential loss in value of inventory positions, as well as certain other financial assets and financial liabilities, during a period of significant market stress;

• Incremental risk is the potential loss in value of non-securitized inventory positions due to the default or credit migration of issuers of financial instruments over a one-year time horizon;

• Comprehensive risk is the potential loss in value, due to price risk and defaults, within the firm’s credit correlation positions; and

• Specific risk is the risk of loss on a position that could result from factors other than broad market movements, including event risk, default risk and idiosyncratic risk. The standardized measurement method is used to determine specific risk RWAs, by applying supervisory defined risk-weighting factors after applicable netting is performed.

Operational Risk

Operational RWAs are only required to be included under the Basel III Advanced Rules. The firm has been given permission by its regulators to calculate operational RWAs in accordance with the “Advanced Measurement Approach,” and therefore utilizes an internal risk-based model to quantify Operational RWAs.

Consolidated Regulatory Capital Ratios

Capital Ratios and RWAs. Each of the ratios calculated in accordance with the Basel III Advanced Rules was lower than that calculated in accordance with the Standardized Rules as of December 2016 and December 2015, and therefore such lower ratios applied to the firm as of these dates.

The table below presents the ratios calculated in accordance with both the Standardized and Basel III Advanced Rules.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Common shareholders’ equity		$  75,690		$  75,528
Deductions for goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, net of deferred tax liabilities		(2,874	)	(2,814	)
Deductions for investments in nonconsolidated financial institutions		(424	)	(864	)
Other adjustments		(346	)	(487	)
Common Equity Tier 1		72,046		71,363
Preferred stock		11,203		11,200
Junior subordinated debt issued to trusts		—		330
Deduction for investments in covered funds		(445	)	(413	)
Other adjustments		(364	)	(969	)
Tier 1 capital		$  82,440		$  81,511
Standardized Tier 2 and Total capital
Tier 1 capital		$  82,440		$  81,511
Qualifying subordinated debt		14,566		15,132
Junior subordinated debt issued to trusts		792		990
Allowance for losses on loans and lending commitments		722		602
Other adjustments		(6	)	(19	)
Standardized Tier 2 capital		16,074		16,705
Standardized Total capital		$  98,514		$  98,216
Basel III Advanced Tier 2 and Total capital
Tier 1 capital		$  82,440		$  81,511
Standardized Tier 2 capital		16,074		16,705
Allowance for losses on loans and lending commitments		(722	)	(602	)
Basel III Advanced Tier 2 capital		15,352		16,103
Basel III Advanced Total capital		$  97,792		$  97,614
RWAs
Standardized		$496,676		$524,107
Basel III Advanced		549,650		577,651
CET1 ratio
Standardized		14.5%		13.6%
Basel III Advanced		13.1%		12.4%
Tier 1 capital ratio
Standardized		16.6%		15.6%
Basel III Advanced		15.0%		14.1%
Total capital ratio
Standardized		19.8%		18.7%
Basel III Advanced		17.8%		16.9%
Tier 1 leverage ratio		9.4%		9.3%

In the table above:

• The deductions for goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, net of deferred tax liabilities, include goodwill of $3.67 billion and $3.66 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, and identifiable intangible assets of $257 million (60% of $429 million) and $196 million (40% of $491 million) as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, net of associated deferred tax liabilities of $1.05 billion and $1.04 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively. Goodwill is fully deducted from CET1, while the deduction for identifiable intangible assets is required to be phased into CET1 ratably over five years from 2014 to 2018. The balance that is not deducted during the transitional period is risk weighted.

• The deductions for investments in nonconsolidated financial institutions represent the amount by which the firm’s investments in the capital of nonconsolidated financial institutions exceed certain prescribed thresholds. The deduction for such investments is required to be phased into CET1 ratably over five years from 2014 to 2018. As of December 2016 and December 2015, CET1 reflects 60% and 40% of the deduction, respectively. The balance that is not deducted during the transitional period is risk weighted.

• The deduction for investments in covered funds represents the firm’s aggregate investments in applicable covered funds, as permitted by the Volcker Rule, that were purchased after December 2013. Substantially all of these investments in covered funds were purchased in connection with the firm’s market-making activities. This deduction was not subject to a transition period. See Note 6 for further information about the Volcker Rule.

• Other adjustments within CET1 and Tier 1 capital primarily include accumulated other comprehensive loss, credit valuation adjustments on derivative liabilities, the overfunded portion of the firm’s defined benefit pension plan obligation net of associated deferred tax liabilities, disallowed deferred tax assets and other required credit risk-based deductions. The deductions for such items are generally required to be phased into CET1 ratably over five years from 2014 to 2018. As of December 2016 and December 2015, CET1 reflects 60% and 40% of such deductions, respectively. The balance that is not deducted from CET1 during the transitional period is generally deducted from Tier 1 capital within other adjustments.

• As of December 2016, junior subordinated debt issued to trusts is fully phased out of Tier 1 capital, with 60% included in Tier 2 capital and 40% fully phased out of regulatory capital. As of December 2015, junior subordinated debt issued to trusts is reflected in both Tier 1 capital (25%) and Tier 2 capital (75%). Junior subordinated debt issued to trusts is reduced by the amount of trust preferred securities purchased by the firm and will be fully phased out of Tier 2 capital by 2022 at a rate of 10% per year. See Note 16 for additional information about the firm’s junior subordinated debt issued to trusts and trust preferred securities purchased by the firm.

• Qualifying subordinated debt is subordinated debt issued by Group Inc. with an original maturity of five years or greater. The outstanding amount of subordinated debt qualifying for Tier 2 capital is reduced upon reaching a remaining maturity of five years. See Note 16 for additional information about the firm’s subordinated debt.

The tables below present changes in CET1, Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital for the year ended December 2016 and year ended December 2015.

	Year Ended December 2016
$ in millions		Standardized		Basel III Advanced
Common Equity Tier 1
Beginning balance		$71,363		$71,363
Change in common shareholders’ equity		162		162
Change in deductions for:
Transitional provisions		(839	)	(839	)
Goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, net of deferred tax liabilities		16		16
Investments in nonconsolidated financial institutions		895		895
Change in other adjustments		449		449
Ending balance		$72,046		$72,046
Tier 1 capital
Beginning balance		$81,511		$81,511
Change in deductions for:
Transitional provisions		(558	)	(558	)
Investments in covered funds		(32	)	(32	)
Other net increase in CET1		1,522		1,522
Redesignation of junior subordinated debt issued to trusts		(330	)	(330	)
Change in preferred stock		3		3
Change in other adjustments		324		324
Ending balance		82,440		82,440
Tier 2 capital
Beginning balance		16,705		16,103
Change in qualifying subordinated debt		(566	)	(566	)
Redesignation of junior subordinated debt issued to trusts		(198	)	(198	)
Change in the allowance for losses on loans and lending commitments		120		—
Change in other adjustments		13		13
Ending balance		16,074		15,352
Total capital		$98,514		$97,792

	Year Ended December 2015
$ in millions		Standardized		Basel III Advanced
Common Equity Tier 1
Beginning balance		$69,830		$69,830
Change in common shareholders’ equity		1,931		1,931
Change in deductions for:
Transitional provisions		(1,368	)	(1,368	)
Goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, net of deferred tax liabilities		75		75
Investments in nonconsolidated financial institutions		1,059		1,059
Change in other adjustments		(164	)	(164	)
Ending balance		$71,363		$71,363
Tier 1 capital
Beginning balance		$78,433		$78,433
Change in deductions for:
Transitional provisions		(1,073	)	(1,073	)
Investments in covered funds		(413	)	(413	)
Other net increase in CET1		2,901		2,901
Redesignation of junior subordinated debt issued to trusts		(330	)	(330	)
Change in preferred stock		2,000		2,000
Change in other adjustments		(7	)	(7	)
Ending balance		81,511		81,511
Tier 2 capital
Beginning balance		12,861		12,545
Increased deductions for transitional provisions		(53	)	(53	)
Change in qualifying subordinated debt		3,238		3,238
Redesignation of junior subordinated debt issued to trusts		330		330
Change in the allowance for losses on loans and lending commitments		286		—
Change in other adjustments		43		43
Ending balance		16,705		16,103
Total capital		$98,216		$97,614

The change in deductions for transitional provisions in the tables above represent the increased phase-in of deductions from 40% to 60% (effective January 1, 2016) for the year ended December 2016 and from 20% to 40% (effective January 1, 2015) for the year ended December 2015.

The tables below present the components of RWAs calculated in accordance with the Standardized and Basel III Advanced Rules.

	Standardized Capital Rules as of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Credit RWAs
Derivatives		$124,286	$136,841
Commitments, guarantees and loans		115,744	111,391
Securities financing transactions		71,319	71,392
Equity investments		41,428	37,687
Other		58,636	62,807
Total Credit RWAs		411,413	420,118
Market RWAs
Regulatory VaR		9,750	12,000
Stressed VaR		22,475	21,738
Incremental risk		7,875	9,513
Comprehensive risk		5,338	5,725
Specific risk		39,825	55,013
Total Market RWAs		85,263	103,989
Total RWAs		$496,676	$524,107

	Basel III Advanced Rules as of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Credit RWAs
Derivatives		$105,096	$113,671
Commitments, guarantees and loans		122,792	114,523
Securities financing transactions		14,673	14,901
Equity investments		44,095	40,110
Other		63,431	60,877
Total Credit RWAs		350,087	344,082
Market RWAs
Regulatory VaR		9,750	12,000
Stressed VaR		22,475	21,738
Incremental risk		7,875	9,513
Comprehensive risk		4,550	4,717
Specific risk		39,825	55,013
Total Market RWAs		84,475	102,981
Total Operational RWAs		115,088	130,588
Total RWAs		$549,650	$577,651

In the tables above:

• Securities financing transactions represent resale and repurchase agreements and securities borrowed and loaned transactions.

• Other primarily includes receivables, other assets, and cash and cash equivalents.

The table below presents changes in RWAs calculated in accordance with the Standardized and Basel III Advanced Rules for the year ended December 2016. The increased deductions for transitional provisions represent the increased phase-in of deductions from 40% to 60%, effective January 1, 2016.

	Year Ended December 2016
$ in millions		Standardized		Basel III Advanced
Risk-Weighted Assets
Beginning balance		$524,107		$577,651
Credit RWAs
Change in deductions for transitional provisions		(531	)	(531	)
Change in:
Derivatives		(12,555	)	(8,575	)
Commitments, guarantees and loans		4,353		8,269
Securities financing transactions		(73	)	(228	)
Equity investments		4,196		4,440
Other		(4,095	)	2,630
Change in Credit RWAs		(8,705	)	6,005
Market RWAs
Change in:
Regulatory VaR		(2,250	)	(2,250	)
Stressed VaR		737		737
Incremental risk		(1,638	)	(1,638	)
Comprehensive risk		(387	)	(167	)
Specific risk		(15,188	)	(15,188	)
Change in Market RWAs		(18,726	)	(18,506	)
Operational RWAs
Change in operational risk		—		(15,500	)
Change in Operational RWAs		—		(15,500	)
Ending balance		$496,676		$549,650

Standardized Credit RWAs as of December 2016 decreased by $8.71 billion compared with December 2015, primarily reflecting a decrease in derivatives, principally due to reduced exposures, and a decrease in receivables included in other credit RWAs reflecting the impact of firm and client activity. This decrease was partially offset by increases in commitments, guarantees and loans principally due to increased lending activity and equity investments, principally due to increased exposures and the impact of market movements. Standardized Market RWAs as of December 2016 decreased by $18.73 billion compared with December 2015, primarily reflecting a decrease in specific risk as a result of reduced risk exposures.

Basel III Advanced Credit RWAs as of December 2016 increased by $6.01 billion compared with December 2015, primarily reflecting an increase in commitments, guarantees and loans principally due to increased lending activity, and an increase in equity investments, principally due to increased exposures and the impact of market movements. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in derivatives, principally due to lower counterparty credit risk and reduced exposure. Basel III Advanced Market RWAs as of December 2016 decreased by $18.51 billion compared with December 2015, primarily reflecting a decrease in specific risk as a result of reduced risk exposures. Basel III Advanced Operational RWAs as of December 2016 decreased by $15.50 billion compared with December 2015, reflecting a decrease in the frequency of certain events incorporated within the firm’s risk-based model.

The table below presents changes in RWAs calculated in accordance with the Standardized and Basel III Advanced Rules for the year ended December 2015. The increased deductions for transitional provisions represent the increased phase-in of deductions from 20% to 40%, effective January 1, 2015.

	Year Ended December 2015
$ in millions		Standardized		Basel III Advanced
Risk-Weighted Assets
Beginning balance		$619,216		$570,313
Credit RWAs
Change in deductions for transitional provisions		(1,073	)	(1,073	)
Change in:
Derivatives		(43,930	)	(8,830	)
Commitments, guarantees and loans		21,608		19,314
Securities financing transactions		(20,724	)	(717	)
Equity investments		131		934
Other		(8,589	)	6,510
Change in Credit RWAs		(52,577	)	16,138
Market RWAs
Change in:
Regulatory VaR		1,762		1,762
Stressed VaR		(7,887	)	(7,887	)
Incremental risk		(7,437	)	(7,437	)
Comprehensive risk		(4,130	)	(3,433	)
Specific risk		(24,840	)	(24,905	)
Change in Market RWAs		(42,532	)	(41,900	)
Operational RWAs
Change in operational risk		—		33,100
Change in Operational RWAs		—		33,100
Ending balance		$524,107		$577,651

Standardized Credit RWAs as of December 2015 decreased by $52.58 billion compared with December 2014, reflecting decreases in derivatives and securities financing transactions, primarily due to lower exposures. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in lending activity. Standardized Market RWAs as of December 2015 decreased by $42.53 billion compared with December 2014, primarily due to decreased specific risk, as a result of reduced risk exposures.

Basel III Advanced Credit RWAs as of December 2015 increased by $16.14 billion compared with December 2014, primarily reflecting an increase in lending activity. This increase was partially offset by a decrease in RWAs related to derivatives, due to lower counterparty credit risk. Basel III Advanced Market RWAs as of December 2015 decreased by $41.90 billion compared with December 2014, primarily due to decreased specific risk, as a result of reduced risk exposures. Basel III Advanced Operational RWAs as of December 2015 increased by $33.10 billion compared with December 2014, substantially all of which is associated with mortgage-related legal matters and regulatory proceedings.

See “Definition of Risk-Weighted Assets” above for a description of the calculations of Credit RWAs, Market RWAs and Operational RWAs, including the differences in the calculation of Credit RWAs under each of the Standardized Capital Rules and the Basel III Advanced Rules.

Bank Subsidiaries

Regulatory Capital Ratios. GS Bank USA, an FDIC-insured, New York State-chartered bank and a member of the Federal Reserve System, is supervised and regulated by the Federal Reserve Board, the FDIC, the New York State Department of Financial Services (NYDFS) and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, and is subject to regulatory capital requirements that are calculated in substantially the same manner as those applicable to bank holding companies. For purposes of assessing the adequacy of its capital, GS Bank USA calculates its capital ratios in accordance with the risk-based capital and leverage requirements applicable to state member banks. Those requirements are based on the Revised Capital Framework described above. GS Bank USA is an Advanced approach banking organization under the Revised Capital Framework.

Under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action applicable to GS Bank USA, in order to meet the quantitative requirements for being a “well-capitalized” depository institution, GS Bank USA must meet higher minimum requirements than the minimum ratios in the table below. The table below presents the minimum ratios and the “well-capitalized” minimum ratios required for GS Bank USA.

	Minimum Ratio as of December		“Well-capitalized” Minimum Ratio
	2016	2015
CET1 ratio	5.125%	4.5%	6.5%
Tier 1 capital ratio	6.625%	6.0%	8.0%
Total capital ratio	8.625%	8.0%	10.0%
Tier 1 leverage ratio	4.000%	4.0%	5.0%

GS Bank USA was in compliance with its minimum capital requirements and the “well-capitalized” minimum ratios as of December 2016 and December 2015. In the table above, the minimum ratios as of December 2016 reflect the 25% phase-in of the capital conservation buffer (0.625%) and the counter-cyclical capital buffer described above (0%). GS Bank USA’s capital levels and prompt corrective action classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components of capital, risk weightings and other factors. Failure to comply with these capital requirements, including a breach of the buffers discussed above, could result in restrictions being imposed by GS Bank USA’s regulators.

Similar to the firm, GS Bank USA is required to calculate each of the CET1, Tier 1 capital and Total capital ratios in accordance with both the Standardized Capital Rules and Basel III Advanced Rules. The lower of each ratio calculated in accordance with the Standardized Capital Rules and Basel III Advanced Rules is the ratio against which GS Bank USA’s compliance with its minimum ratio requirements is assessed. Each of the ratios calculated in accordance with the Standardized Capital Rules was lower than that calculated in accordance with the Basel III Advanced Rules and therefore the Standardized Capital ratios were the ratios that applied to GS Bank USA as of December 2016 and December 2015. The capital ratios that apply to GS Bank USA can change in future reporting periods as a result of these regulatory requirements.

The table below presents the ratios for GS Bank USA calculated in accordance with both the Standardized and Basel III Advanced Rules.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Standardized
Common Equity Tier 1		$  24,485		$  23,017
Tier 1 capital		24,485		23,017
Tier 2 capital		2,382		2,311
Total capital		$  26,867		$  25,328
Basel III Advanced
Common Equity Tier 1		$  24,485		$  23,017
Tier 1 capital		24,485		23,017
Standardized Tier 2 capital		2,382		2,311
Allowance for losses on loans and lending commitments		(382	)	(311	)
Tier 2 capital		2,000		2,000
Total capital		$  26,485		$  25,017
RWAs
Standardized		$204,232		$202,197
Basel III Advanced		131,051		131,059
CET1 ratio
Standardized		12.0%		11.4%
Basel III Advanced		18.7%		17.6%
Tier 1 capital ratio
Standardized		12.0%		11.4%
Basel III Advanced		18.7%		17.6%
Total capital ratio
Standardized		13.2%		12.5%
Basel III Advanced		20.2%		19.1%
Tier 1 leverage ratio		14.4%		16.4%

The increase in GS Bank USA’s Standardized and Advanced capital ratios from December 2015 to December 2016 is primarily due to an increase in Common Equity Tier 1 capital, principally due to net earnings for 2016.

The firm’s principal non-U.S. bank subsidiary, GSIB, is a wholly-owned credit institution, regulated by the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) and the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and is subject to minimum capital requirements. As of December 2016 and December 2015, GSIB was in compliance with all regulatory capital requirements.

Broker-Dealer Subsidiaries

U.S. Regulated Broker-Dealer Subsidiaries. GS&Co. is the firm’s primary U.S. regulated broker-dealer subsidiary and is subject to regulatory capital requirements including those imposed by the SEC and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA). In addition, GS&Co. is a registered futures commission merchant and is subject to regulatory capital requirements imposed by the CFTC, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and the National Futures Association. Rule 15c3-1 of the SEC and Rule 1.17 of the CFTC specify uniform minimum net capital requirements, as defined, for their registrants, and also effectively require that a significant part of the registrants’ assets be kept in relatively liquid form. GS&Co. has elected to calculate its minimum capital requirements in accordance with the “Alternative Net Capital Requirement” as permitted by Rule 15c3-1.

As of December 2016 and December 2015, GS&Co. had regulatory net capital, as defined by Rule 15c3-1, of $17.17 billion and $14.75 billion, respectively, which exceeded the amount required by $14.66 billion and $12.37 billion, respectively. In addition to its alternative minimum net capital requirements, GS&Co. is also required to hold tentative net capital in excess of $1 billion and net capital in excess of $500 million in accordance with the market and credit risk standards of Appendix E of Rule 15c3-1. GS&Co. is also required to notify the SEC in the event that its tentative net capital is less than $5 billion. As of December 2016 and December 2015, GS&Co. had tentative net capital and net capital in excess of both the minimum and the notification requirements.

Goldman Sachs Execution & Clearing, L.P. (GSEC) was also one of the firm’s primary U.S. regulated broker-dealer subsidiaries prior to transferring substantially all of its clearing business to GS&Co. in 2016. As of December 2015, GSEC had regulatory net capital, calculated in accordance with the “Alternative Net Capital Requirement” as permitted by Rule 15c3-1, of $1.71 billion, which exceeded the amount required by $1.59 billion.

Non-U.S. Regulated Broker-Dealer Subsidiaries. The firm’s principal non-U.S. regulated broker-dealer subsidiaries include Goldman Sachs International (GSI) and Goldman Sachs Japan Co., Ltd. (GSJCL). GSI, the firm’s U.K. broker-dealer, is regulated by the PRA and the FCA. GSJCL, the firm’s Japanese broker-dealer, is regulated by Japan’s Financial Services Agency. These and certain other non-U.S. subsidiaries of the firm are also subject to capital adequacy requirements promulgated by authorities of the countries in which they operate. As of December 2016 and December 2015, these subsidiaries were in compliance with their local capital adequacy requirements.

Restrictions on Payments

Group Inc.’s ability to withdraw capital from its regulated subsidiaries is limited by minimum equity capital requirements applicable to those subsidiaries, provisions of applicable law and regulations and other regulatory restrictions that limit the ability of those subsidiaries to declare and pay dividends without prior regulatory approval (e.g., the amount of dividends that may be paid by GS Bank USA is limited to the lesser of the amounts calculated under a recent earnings test and an undivided profits test) even if the relevant subsidiary would satisfy the equity capital requirements applicable to it after giving effect to the dividend. For example, the Federal Reserve Board, the FDIC and the NYDFS have authority to prohibit or to limit the payment of dividends by the banking organizations they supervise (including GS Bank USA) if, in the relevant regulator’s opinion, payment of a dividend would constitute an unsafe or unsound practice in the light of the financial condition of the banking organization.

As of December 2016 and December 2015, Group Inc. was required to maintain $46.49 billion and $48.09 billion, respectively, of minimum equity capital in its regulated subsidiaries in order to satisfy the regulatory requirements of such subsidiaries.

Other

The deposits of GS Bank USA are insured by the FDIC to the extent provided by law. The Federal Reserve Board requires that GS Bank USA maintain cash reserves with the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The amount deposited by GS Bank USA held at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York was $74.24 billion and $49.36 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, which exceeded required reserve amounts by $74.09 billion and $49.25 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively. The increase in the amount deposited by GS Bank USA held at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York from December 2015 to December 2016 is primarily a result of the acquisition of GE Capital Bank’s online deposit platform in April 2016. See Note 14 for further information about this acquisition.

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Earnings Per Common Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Common Share

Note 21.

Earnings Per Common Share

Basic earnings per common share (EPS) is calculated by dividing net earnings applicable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and RSUs for which no future service is required as a condition to the delivery of the underlying common stock (collectively, basic shares). Diluted EPS includes the determinants of basic EPS and, in addition, reflects the dilutive effect of the common stock deliverable for stock options and for RSUs for which future service is required as a condition to the delivery of the underlying common stock.

The table below presents the computations of basic and diluted EPS.

	Year Ended December
in millions, except per share amounts		2016	2015	2014
Net earnings applicable to common shareholders		$7,087	$5,568	$8,077
Weighted average number of basic shares		427.4	448.9	458.9
Effect of dilutive securities:
RSUs		4.7	5.3	6.1
Stock options		3.0	4.4	8.2
Dilutive securities		7.7	9.7	14.3
Weighted average number of basic shares and dilutive securities		435.1	458.6	473.2
Basic EPS		$16.53	$12.35	$17.55
Diluted EPS		16.29	12.14	17.07

In the table above, unvested share-based awards that have non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents are treated as a separate class of securities in calculating EPS. The impact of applying this methodology was a reduction in basic EPS of $0.05 for 2016, 2015 and 2014.

The diluted EPS computations in the table above do not include antidilutive RSUs and common shares underlying antidilutive stock options of 2.8 million for 2016, and 6.0 million for both 2015 and 2014.

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Transactions with Affiliated Funds

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Text Block [Abstract]

Transactions with Affiliated Funds

Note 22.

Transactions with Affiliated Funds

The firm has formed numerous nonconsolidated investment funds with third-party investors. As the firm generally acts as the investment manager for these funds, it is entitled to receive management fees and, in certain cases, advisory fees or incentive fees from these funds. Additionally, the firm invests alongside the third-party investors in certain funds.

The tables below present fees earned from affiliated funds, fees receivable from affiliated funds and the aggregate carrying value of the firm’s interests in affiliated funds.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016	2015	2014
Fees earned from funds		$2,777	$3,293	$3,232

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Fees receivable from funds		$   554	$   599
Aggregate carrying value of interests in funds		6,841	7,768

The firm may periodically determine to waive certain management fees on selected money market funds. Management fees of $104 million were waived for the year ended December 2016.

The Volcker Rule restricts the firm from providing financial support to covered funds (as defined in the rule) after the expiration of any applicable conformance period. As a general matter, in the ordinary course of business, the firm does not expect to provide additional voluntary financial support to any covered funds but may choose to do so with respect to funds that are not subject to the Volcker Rule; however, in the event that such support is provided, the amount is not expected to be material.

As of both December 2016 and December 2015, the firm had an outstanding guarantee, as permitted under the Volcker Rule, on behalf of its funds of $300 million. The firm has voluntarily provided this guarantee in connection with a financing agreement with a third-party lender executed by one of the firm’s real estate funds that is not covered by the Volcker Rule. As of December 2016 and December 2015, except as noted above, the firm has not provided any additional financial support to its affiliated funds.

In addition, in the ordinary course of business, the firm may also engage in other activities with its affiliated funds including, among others, securities lending, trade execution, market making, custody, and acquisition and bridge financing. See Note 18 for the firm’s investment commitments related to these funds.

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Interest Income and Interest Expense

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Banking and Thrift, Interest [Abstract]

Interest Income and Interest Expense

Note 23.

Interest Income and Interest Expense

Interest is recorded over the life of the instrument on an accrual basis based on contractual interest rates. The table below presents the firm’s sources of interest income and interest expense.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015		2014
Interest income
Deposits with banks		$   452		$   241		$   227
Securities borrowed, securities purchased under agreements to resell and federal funds sold		691		17		(78	)
Financial instruments owned, at fair value		5,444		5,862		7,537
Loans receivable		1,843		1,191		708
Other interest		1,261		1,141		1,210
Total interest income		9,691		8,452		9,604
Interest expense
Deposits		878		408		333
Securities loaned and securities sold under agreements to repurchase		442		330		431
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value		1,251		1,319		1,741
Short-term secured and unsecured borrowings		446		429		447
Long-term secured and unsecured borrowings		4,242		3,878		3,460
Other interest		(155	)	(976	)	(855	)
Total interest expense		7,104		5,388		5,557
Net interest income		$2,587		$3,064		$4,047

In the table above:

• Securities borrowed, securities purchased under agreements to resell and federal funds sold includes rebates paid and interest income on securities borrowed.

• Other interest income includes interest income on customer debit balances and other interest-earning assets.

• Other interest expense includes rebates received on other interest-bearing liabilities and interest expense on customer credit balances.

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Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Note 24.

Income Taxes

Provision for Income Taxes

Income taxes are provided for using the asset and liability method under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. The firm reports interest expense related to income tax matters in “Provision for taxes” and income tax penalties in “Other expenses.”

The tables below present the components of the provision for taxes and a reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to the firm’s effective income tax rate.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016	2015		2014
Current taxes
U.S. federal		$1,032	$1,116		$1,908
State and local		139	(12	)	576
Non-U.S.		1,184	1,166		901
Total current tax expense		2,355	2,270		3,385
Deferred taxes
U.S. federal		399	397		190
State and local		51	62		38
Non-U.S.		101	(34	)	267
Total deferred tax expense		551	425		495
Provision for taxes		$2,906	$2,695		$3,880

In the table above, for 2016 and 2015, state and local current taxes includes the impact of settlements of state and local examinations.

	Year Ended December
		2016	2015	2014
U.S. federal statutory income tax rate		35.0%	35.0%	35.0%
State and local taxes, net of U.S. federal income tax effects		0.9%	0.3%	3.2%
Tax credits		(2.0)%	(1.7)%	(1.1)%
Non-U.S. operations		(6.7)%	(12.1)%	(5.8)%
Tax-exempt income, including dividends		(0.3)%	(0.7)%	(0.3)%
Non-deductible legal expenses		1.0%	10.2%	—
Other		0.3%	(0.3)%	0.4%
Effective income tax rate		28.2%	30.7%	31.4%

In the table above:

• Non-U.S. operations includes the impact of permanently reinvested earnings.

• State and local taxes, net of U.S. federal income tax effects, for 2016 and 2015, includes the impact of settlements of state and local examinations.

• Substantially all of the non-deductible legal expenses for 2015 relate to provisions for the settlement agreement with the RMBS Working Group.

Deferred Income Taxes

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. These temporary differences result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years and are measured using the tax rates and laws that will be in effect when such differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are established to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that more likely than not will be realized and primarily relate to the ability to utilize losses in various tax jurisdictions. Tax assets and liabilities are presented as a component of “Other assets” and “Other liabilities and accrued expenses,” respectively.

The table below presents the significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities, excluding the impact of netting within tax jurisdictions.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Deferred tax assets
Compensation and benefits		$2,461		$2,744
ASC 740 asset related to unrecognized tax benefits		231		197
Non-U.S. operations		967		1,200
Net operating losses		427		426
Occupancy-related		100		80
Other comprehensive income-related		757		521
Other, net		394		836
Subtotal		5,337		6,004
Valuation allowance		(115	)	(73	)
Total deferred tax assets		$5,222		$5,931
Depreciation and amortization		$1,200		$1,254
Unrealized gains		342		853
Total deferred tax liabilities		$1,542		$2,107

The firm has recorded deferred tax assets of $427 million and $426 million as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, in connection with U.S. federal, state and local and foreign net operating loss carryforwards. The firm also recorded a valuation allowance of $67 million and $24 million as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, related to these net operating loss carryforwards.

As of December 2016, the U.S. federal and state and local net operating loss carryforwards were $207 million and $800 million, respectively. If not utilized, the U.S. federal net operating loss carryforward and the state and local net operating loss carryforward will begin to expire in 2017. If these carryforwards expire, they will not have a material impact on the firm’s results of operations. As of December 2016, foreign net operating loss carryforwards were $1.39 billion, substantially all of which do not expire. The firm had no foreign tax credit carryforwards and no related net deferred income tax assets as of December 2016 and December 2015.

The firm had no capital loss carryforwards and no related net deferred income tax assets as of December 2016 and December 2015.

The valuation allowance increased by $42 million during 2016 and increased by $9 million during 2015. The increases in 2016 and 2015 were primarily due to an increase in deferred tax assets from which the firm does not expect to realize any benefit.

The firm permanently reinvests eligible earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries and, accordingly, does not accrue any U.S. income taxes that would arise if such earnings were repatriated. As of December 2016 and December 2015, this policy resulted in an unrecognized net deferred tax liability of $6.18 billion and $5.66 billion, respectively, attributable to reinvested earnings of $31.24 billion and $28.55 billion, respectively.

Unrecognized Tax Benefits

The firm recognizes tax positions in the consolidated financial statements only when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on examination by the relevant taxing authority based on the technical merits of the position. A position that meets this standard is measured at the largest amount of benefit that will more likely than not be realized on settlement. A liability is established for differences between positions taken in a tax return and amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements.

The accrued liability for interest expense related to income tax matters and income tax penalties was $141 million and $101 million as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively. The firm recognized interest expense and income tax penalties of $27 million, $17 million and $45 million for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. It is reasonably possible that unrecognized tax benefits could change significantly during the twelve months subsequent to December 2016 due to potential audit settlements. However, at this time it is not possible to estimate any potential change.

The table below presents the changes in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits. This liability is included in “Other liabilities and accrued expenses.” See Note 17 for further information.

	Year Ended or as of December
$ in millions		2016		2015		2014
Beginning balance		$ 825		$ 871		$ 1,765
Increases based on tax positions related to the current year		113		65		204
Increases based on tax positions related to prior years		188		158		263
Decreases based on tax positions related to prior years		(88	)	(205	)	(241	)
Decreases related to settlements		(186	)	(87	)	(1,112	)
Exchange rate fluctuations		—		23		(8	)
Ending balance		$ 852		$ 825		$    871
Related deferred income tax asset		231		197		172
Net unrecognized tax benefit		$ 621		$ 628		$    699

Regulatory Tax Examinations

The firm is subject to examination by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and other taxing authorities in jurisdictions where the firm has significant business operations, such as the United Kingdom, Japan, Hong Kong and various states, such as New York. The tax years under examination vary by jurisdiction. The firm does not expect completion of these audits to have a material impact on the firm’s financial condition but it may be material to operating results for a particular period, depending, in part, on the operating results for that period.

The table below presents the earliest tax years that remain subject to examination by major jurisdiction.

Jurisdiction	As of December 2016
U.S. Federal	2011
New York State and City	2007
United Kingdom	2014
Japan	2014
Hong Kong	2007

During the second quarter of 2016, the Joint Committee on Taxation finalized its review of the U.S. Federal examinations of fiscal 2008 through calendar 2010. The completion of the review did not have a material impact on the firm’s effective income tax rate. The examinations of 2011 and 2012 began in 2013.

The firm has been accepted into the Compliance Assurance Process program by the IRS for each of the tax years from 2013 through 2017. This program allows the firm to work with the IRS to identify and resolve potential U.S. federal tax issues before the filing of tax returns. The 2013 through 2015 tax years remain subject to post-filing review.

New York State and City examinations for the firm (excluding GS Bank USA) of fiscal 2007 through calendar 2010 are ongoing. New York State and City examinations for GS Bank USA have been completed through 2014.

In 2016, the firm concluded examinations with the Japan tax authorities related to 2010 through 2013. In 2016, the firm concluded examinations with the Hong Kong tax authorities related to 2006. The completion of these examinations did not have a material impact on the firm’s effective income tax rate.

All years including and subsequent to the years in the table above remain open to examination by the taxing authorities. The firm believes that the liability for unrecognized tax benefits it has established is adequate in relation to the potential for additional assessments.

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Business Segments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Business Segments

Note 25.

Business Segments

The firm reports its activities in the following four business segments: Investment Banking, Institutional Client Services, Investing & Lending and Investment Management.

Basis of Presentation

In reporting segments, certain of the firm’s business lines have been aggregated where they have similar economic characteristics and are similar in each of the following areas: (i) the nature of the services they provide, (ii) their methods of distribution, (iii) the types of clients they serve and (iv) the regulatory environments in which they operate.

The cost drivers of the firm taken as a whole, compensation, headcount and levels of business activity, are broadly similar in each of the firm’s business segments. Compensation and benefits expenses in the firm’s segments reflect, among other factors, the overall performance of the firm, as well as the performance of individual businesses. Consequently, pre-tax margins in one segment of the firm’s business may be significantly affected by the performance of the firm’s other business segments.

The firm allocates assets (including allocations of global core liquid assets and cash, secured client financing and other assets), revenues and expenses among the four business segments. Due to the integrated nature of these segments, estimates and judgments are made in allocating certain assets, revenues and expenses. The allocation process is based on the manner in which management currently views the performance of the segments. Transactions between segments are based on specific criteria or approximate third-party rates.

The table below presents the firm’s net revenues, pre-tax earnings and total assets by segment. Management believes that this information provides a reasonable representation of each segment’s contribution to consolidated pre-tax earnings and total assets.

	Year Ended or as of December
$ in millions		2016	2015	2014
Investment Banking
Financial Advisory		$    2,932	$    3,470	$    2,474
Equity underwriting		891	1,546	1,750
Debt underwriting		2,450	2,011	2,240
Total Underwriting		3,341	3,557	3,990
Total net revenues		6,273	7,027	6,464
Operating expenses		3,437	3,713	3,688
Pre-tax earnings		$    2,836	$    3,314	$    2,776
Segment assets		$    1,824	$    2,564	$    1,844
Institutional Client Services
Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution		$    7,556	$    7,322	$    8,461
Equities client execution		2,194	3,028	2,079
Commissions and fees		3,078	3,156	3,153
Securities services		1,639	1,645	1,504
Total Equities		6,911	7,829	6,736
Total net revenues		14,467	15,151	15,197
Operating expenses		9,713	13,938	10,880
Pre-tax earnings		$    4,754	$    1,213	$    4,317
Segment assets		$645,689	$663,394	$695,674
Investing & Lending
Equity securities		$    2,573	$    3,781	$    4,579
Debt securities and loans		1,507	1,655	2,246
Total net revenues		4,080	5,436	6,825
Operating expenses		2,386	2,402	2,819
Pre-tax earnings		$    1,694	$    3,034	$    4,006
Segment assets		$198,181	$179,428	$143,790
Investment Management
Management and other fees		$    4,798	$    4,887	$    4,800
Incentive fees		421	780	776
Transaction revenues		569	539	466
Total net revenues		5,788	6,206	6,042
Operating expenses		4,654	4,841	4,647
Pre-tax earnings		$    1,134	$    1,365	$    1,395
Segment assets		$  14,471	$  16,009	$  14,534
Total net revenues		$  30,608	$  33,820	$  34,528
Total operating expenses		20,304	25,042	22,171
Total pre-tax earnings		$  10,304	$    8,778	$  12,357
Total assets		$860,165	$861,395	$855,842

In the table above:

• Revenues and expenses directly associated with each segment are included in determining pre-tax earnings.

• Net revenues in the firm’s segments include allocations of interest income and interest expense to specific securities, commodities and other positions in relation to the cash generated by, or funding requirements of, such underlying positions. Net interest is included in segment net revenues as it is consistent with the way in which management assesses segment performance.

• Overhead expenses not directly allocable to specific segments are allocated ratably based on direct segment expenses.

• All operating expenses have been allocated to the firm’s segments except for charitable contributions of $114 million for 2016, $148 million for 2015 and $137 million for 2014.

• Total operating expenses includes net provisions for litigation and regulatory proceedings of $396 million for 2016, $4.01 billion (of which $3.37 billion was related to the settlement agreement with the RMBS Working Group) for 2015 and $754 million for 2014.

The table below presents the amounts of net interest income by segment included in net revenues.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016	2015	2014
Investment Banking		$      —	$      —	$      —
Institutional Client Services		1,456	2,472	3,679
Investing & Lending		880	418	237
Investment Management		251	174	131
Total net interest income		$2,587	$3,064	$4,047

The table below presents the amounts of depreciation and amortization expense by segment included in pre-tax earnings.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016	2015	2014
Investment Banking		$   126	$   123	$   135
Institutional Client Services		489	462	525
Investing & Lending		215	253	530
Investment Management		168	153	147
Total depreciation and amortization		$   998	$   991	$1,337

Geographic Information

Due to the highly integrated nature of international financial markets, the firm manages its businesses based on the profitability of the enterprise as a whole. The methodology for allocating profitability to geographic regions is dependent on estimates and management judgment because a significant portion of the firm’s activities require cross-border coordination in order to facilitate the needs of the firm’s clients.

Geographic results are generally allocated as follows:

• Investment Banking: location of the client and investment banking team.

• Institutional Client Services: Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution, and Equities (excluding Securities Services): location of the market-making desk; Securities Services: location of the primary market for the underlying security.

• Investing & Lending: Investing: location of the investment; Lending: location of the client.

• Investment Management: location of the sales team.

The table below presents the total net revenues, pre-tax earnings and net earnings of the firm by geographic region allocated based on the methodology referred to above, as well as the percentage of total net revenues, pre-tax earnings and net earnings (excluding Corporate) for each geographic region. In the table below, Asia includes Australia and New Zealand.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016			2015			2014
Net revenues
Americas		$18,144		60%	$19,202		56%	$20,062		58%
Europe, Middle East and Africa		8,040		26%	8,981		27%	9,057		26%
Asia		4,424		14%	5,637		17%	5,409		16%
Total net revenues		$30,608		100%	$33,820		100%	$34,528		100%
Pre-tax earnings
Americas		$  6,352		61%	$  3,359		37%	$  7,144		57%
Europe, Middle East and Africa		2,883		28%	3,364		38%	3,338		27%
Asia		1,183		11%	2,203		25%	2,012		16%
Subtotal		10,418		100%	8,926		100%	12,494		100%
Corporate		(114	)		(148	)		(137	)
Total pre-tax earnings		$10,304			$  8,778			$12,357
Net earnings
Americas		$  4,337		58%	$  1,587		26%	$  4,558		53%
Europe, Middle East and Africa		2,270		30%	2,914		47%	2,576		30%
Asia		870		12%	1,686		27%	1,434		17%
Subtotal		7,477		100%	6,187		100%	8,568		100%
Corporate		(79	)		(104	)		(91	)
Total net earnings		$  7,398			$  6,083			$  8,477

In the table above:

• Americas pre-tax earnings includes provisions of $3.37 billion recorded during 2015 for the settlement agreement with the RMBS Working Group.

• Corporate pre-tax earnings includes charitable contributions that have not been allocated to the firm’s geographic regions.

• Substantially all of the amounts in Americas were attributable to the U.S.

XML

Credit Concentrations

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]

Credit Concentrations

Note 26.

Credit Concentrations

Credit concentrations may arise from market making, client facilitation, investing, underwriting, lending and collateralized transactions and may be impacted by changes in economic, industry or political factors. The firm seeks to mitigate credit risk by actively monitoring exposures and obtaining collateral from counterparties as deemed appropriate.

While the firm’s activities expose it to many different industries and counterparties, the firm routinely executes a high volume of transactions with asset managers, investment funds, commercial banks, brokers and dealers, clearing houses and exchanges, which results in significant credit concentrations.

In the ordinary course of business, the firm may also be subject to a concentration of credit risk to a particular counterparty, borrower or issuer, including sovereign issuers, or to a particular clearing house or exchange.

The table below presents the credit concentrations in cash instruments held by the firm. Amounts in the table below are included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value.”

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
U.S. government and federal agency obligations		$57,657	$63,844
% of total assets		6.7%	7.4%
Non-U.S. government and agency obligations		$29,381	$31,772
% of total assets		3.4%	3.7%

As of December 2016 and December 2015, the firm did not have credit exposure to any other counterparty that exceeded 2% of total assets.

To reduce credit exposures, the firm may enter into agreements with counterparties that permit the firm to offset receivables and payables with such counterparties and/or enable the firm to obtain collateral on an upfront or contingent basis. Collateral obtained by the firm related to derivative assets is principally cash and is held by the firm or a third-party custodian. Collateral obtained by the firm related to resale agreements and securities borrowed transactions is primarily U.S. government and federal agency obligations and non-U.S. government and agency obligations. See Note 10 for further information about collateralized agreements and financings.

The table below presents U.S. government and federal agency obligations and non-U.S. government and agency obligations that collateralize resale agreements and securities borrowed transactions. Because the firm’s primary credit exposure on such transactions is to the counterparty to the transaction, the firm would be exposed to the collateral issuer only in the event of counterparty default. In the table below, non-U.S. government and agency obligations primarily consists of securities issued by the governments of France, the U.K., Japan and Germany.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
U.S. government and federal agency obligations		$89,721	$107,198
Non-U.S. government and agency obligations		80,234	74,326

XML

Legal Proceedings

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Legal Proceedings

Note 27.

Legal Proceedings

The firm is involved in a number of judicial, regulatory and arbitration proceedings (including those described below) concerning matters arising in connection with the conduct of the firm’s businesses. Many of these proceedings are in early stages, and many of these cases seek an indeterminate amount of damages.

Under ASC 450, an event is “reasonably possible” if “the chance of the future event or events occurring is more than remote but less than likely” and an event is “remote” if “the chance of the future event or events occurring is slight.” Thus, references to the upper end of the range of reasonably possible loss for cases in which the firm is able to estimate a range of reasonably possible loss mean the upper end of the range of loss for cases for which the firm believes the risk of loss is more than slight.

With respect to matters described below for which management has been able to estimate a range of reasonably possible loss where (i) actual or potential plaintiffs have claimed an amount of money damages, (ii) the firm is being, or threatened to be, sued by purchasers in a securities offering and is not being indemnified by a party that the firm believes will pay the full amount of any judgment, or (iii) the purchasers are demanding that the firm repurchase securities, management has estimated the upper end of the range of reasonably possible loss as being equal to (a) in the case of (i), the amount of money damages claimed, (b) in the case of (ii), the difference between the initial sales price of the securities that the firm sold in such offering and the estimated lowest subsequent price of such securities prior to the action being commenced and (c) in the case of (iii), the price that purchasers paid for the securities less the estimated value, if any, as of December 2016 of the relevant securities, in each of cases (i), (ii) and (iii), taking into account any other factors believed to be relevant to the particular matter or matters of that type. As of the date hereof, the firm has estimated the upper end of the range of reasonably possible aggregate loss for such matters and for any other matters described below where management has been able to estimate a range of reasonably possible aggregate loss to be approximately $1.8 billion in excess of the aggregate reserves for such matters.

Management is generally unable to estimate a range of reasonably possible loss for matters other than those included in the estimate above, including where (i) actual or potential plaintiffs have not claimed an amount of money damages, except in those instances where management can otherwise determine an appropriate amount, (ii) matters are in early stages, (iii) matters relate to regulatory investigations or reviews, except in those instances where management can otherwise determine an appropriate amount, (iv) there is uncertainty as to the likelihood of a class being certified or the ultimate size of the class, (v) there is uncertainty as to the outcome of pending appeals or motions, (vi) there are significant factual issues to be resolved, and/or (vii) there are novel legal issues presented. For example, the firm’s potential liabilities with respect to future mortgage-related “put-back” claims described below may ultimately result in an increase in the firm’s liabilities, but are not included in management’s estimate of reasonably possible loss. As another example, the firm’s potential liabilities with respect to the investigations and reviews described below in “Regulatory Investigations and Reviews and Related Litigation” also generally are not included in management’s estimate of reasonably possible loss. However, management does not believe, based on currently available information, that the outcomes of such other matters will have a material adverse effect on the firm’s financial condition, though the outcomes could be material to the firm’s operating results for any particular period, depending, in part, upon the operating results for such period. See Note 18 for further information about mortgage-related contingencies.

Mortgage-Related Matters. Beginning in April 2010, a number of purported securities law class actions were filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York challenging the adequacy of Group Inc.’s public disclosure of, among other things, the firm’s activities in the CDO market, the firm’s conflict of interest management, and the SEC investigation that led to GS&Co. entering into a consent agreement with the SEC, settling all claims made against GS&Co. by the SEC in connection with the ABACUS 2007-AC1 CDO offering (ABACUS 2007-AC1 transaction), pursuant to which GS&Co. paid $550 million of disgorgement and civil penalties. The consolidated amended complaint filed on July 25, 2011, which names as defendants Group Inc. and certain officers and employees of Group Inc. and its affiliates, generally alleges violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and seeks unspecified damages. On June 21, 2012, the district court dismissed the claims based on Group Inc.’s not disclosing that it had received a “Wells” notice from the staff of the SEC related to the ABACUS 2007-AC1 transaction, but permitted the plaintiffs’ other claims to proceed. The district court granted class certification on September 24, 2015, but the appellate court granted defendants’ petition for review on January 26, 2016. On February 1, 2016, the district court stayed proceedings in the district court pending the appellate court’s decision.

In June 2012, the Board received a demand from a shareholder that the Board investigate and take action relating to the firm’s mortgage-related activities and to stock sales by certain directors and executives of the firm. On February 15, 2013, this shareholder filed a putative shareholder derivative action in New York Supreme Court, New York County, against Group Inc. and certain current or former directors and employees, based on these activities and stock sales. The derivative complaint includes allegations of breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, abuse of control, gross mismanagement and corporate waste, and seeks, among other things, unspecified monetary damages, disgorgement of profits and certain corporate governance and disclosure reforms. On May 28, 2013, Group Inc. informed the shareholder that the Board completed its investigation and determined to refuse the demand. On June 20, 2013, the shareholder made a books and records demand requesting materials relating to the Board’s determination. The parties have agreed to stay proceedings in the putative derivative action pending resolution of the books and records demand.

In addition, the Board has received books and records demands from several shareholders for materials relating to, among other subjects, the firm’s mortgage servicing and foreclosure activities, participation in federal programs providing assistance to financial institutions and homeowners, loan sales to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, mortgage-related activities and conflicts management.

Various alleged purchasers of mortgage pass-through certificates and other mortgage-related products (including Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company and the FDIC (as receiver for Guaranty Bank) have filed complaints in state and federal court against firm affiliates, generally alleging that the offering documents for the securities that they purchased contained untrue statements of material fact and material omissions and generally seeking rescission and/or damages. Certain of these complaints allege fraud and seek punitive damages. Certain of these complaints also name other firms as defendants.

As of the date hereof, the aggregate amount of mortgage-related securities sold to plaintiffs in active cases described in the preceding paragraph where those plaintiffs are seeking rescission of such securities was approximately $261 million (which does not reflect adjustment for any subsequent paydowns or distributions or any residual value of such securities, statutory interest or any other adjustments that may be claimed). This amount does not include the potential claims by these or other purchasers in the same or other mortgage-related offerings that have not been described above, or claims that have been dismissed.

The firm has entered into agreements with Deutsche Bank National Trust Company and U.S. Bank National Association to toll the relevant statute of limitations with respect to claims for repurchase of residential mortgage loans based on alleged breaches of representations related to $11.1 billion original notional face amount of securitizations issued by trusts for which they act as trustees.

The firm has received subpoenas or requests for information from, and is engaged in discussions with, certain regulators and law enforcement agencies with which it has not entered into settlement agreements as part of inquiries or investigations relating to mortgage-related matters.

GT Advanced Technologies Securities Litigation. GS&Co. is among the underwriters named as defendants in several putative securities class actions filed in October 2014 in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Hampshire. In addition to the underwriters, the defendants include certain directors and officers of GT Advanced Technologies Inc. (GT). As to the underwriters, the complaints generally allege misstatements and omissions in connection with the December 2013 offerings by GT of approximately $86 million of common stock and $214 million principal amount of convertible senior notes, assert claims under the federal securities laws, and seek compensatory damages in an unspecified amount and rescission. On July 20, 2015, the plaintiffs filed a consolidated amended complaint. On October 7, 2015, the defendants moved to dismiss. GS&Co. underwrote 3,479,769 shares of common stock and $75 million principal amount of notes for an aggregate offering price of approximately $105 million. On October 6, 2014, GT filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.

SunEdison Bankruptcy Litigation. GS Bank USA is among the defendants named in an adversary proceeding filed on October 20, 2016 in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York arising from the bankruptcy of SunEdison. The complaint alleges that amounts transferred and liens granted by SunEdison to its secured creditors, including GS Bank USA, prior to filing for bankruptcy were fraudulent and preferential transfers. Plaintiffs seek to recoup those transfers, avoid those liens and disallow certain claims of the secured creditors. GS Bank USA received pre-filing payments from SunEdison aggregating $169 million that are subject to the recoupment claims and holds $75 million of secured debt subject to the avoidance and disallowance claims. Defendants moved to dismiss on November 22, 2016.

Currencies-Related Litigation. GS&Co. and Group Inc. are among the defendants named in a putative class action filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York on September 26, 2016 on behalf of putative indirect purchasers of foreign exchange instruments. The complaint generally alleges that defendants violated federal antitrust laws in connection with an alleged conspiracy to manipulate the foreign currency exchange markets and asserts claims under federal and state antitrust laws and seeks injunctive relief, as well as treble damages in an unspecified amount. Defendants moved to dismiss on January 23, 2017.

Group Inc., GS&Co. and GS Canada are among the defendants named in putative class actions related to trading in foreign exchange markets, filed beginning in September 2015 in the Superior Court of Justice in Ontario, Canada and the Superior Court of Quebec, Canada, on behalf of direct and indirect purchasers of foreign exchange instruments traded in Canada. The complaints generally allege a conspiracy to manipulate the foreign currency exchange markets and assert claims under Canada’s Competition Act and common law. The Ontario and Quebec complaints seek, among other things, compensatory damages in the amounts of 1 billion Canadian dollars and 100 million Canadian dollars, respectively, as well as restitution and 50 million Canadian dollars in punitive, exemplary and aggravated damages. In December 2016, the courts preliminarily approved a settlement of the claims against the Goldman Sachs defendants. The firm has paid the full amount of the proposed settlement into trust pending final settlement approval.

Financial Advisory Services. Group Inc. and certain of its affiliates are from time to time parties to various civil litigation and arbitration proceedings and other disputes with clients and third parties relating to the firm’s financial advisory activities. These claims generally seek, among other things, compensatory damages and, in some cases, punitive damages, and in certain cases allege that the firm did not appropriately disclose or deal with conflicts of interest.

Cobalt International Energy Securities Litigation. Cobalt International Energy, Inc. (Cobalt), certain of its officers and directors (including employees of affiliates of Group Inc. who served as directors of Cobalt), affiliates of shareholders of Cobalt (including Group Inc.) and the underwriters (including GS&Co.) for certain offerings of Cobalt’s securities are defendants in a putative securities class action filed on November 30, 2014 in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas. The consolidated amended complaint, filed on May 1, 2015, asserts claims under the federal securities laws, seeks compensatory and rescissory damages in unspecified amounts and alleges material misstatements and omissions concerning Cobalt in connection with a $1.67 billion February 2012 offering of Cobalt common stock, a $1.38 billion December 2012 offering of Cobalt’s convertible notes, a $1.00 billion January 2013 offering of Cobalt’s common stock, a $1.33 billion May 2013 offering of Cobalt’s common stock, and a $1.30 billion May 2014 offering of Cobalt’s convertible notes. The consolidated amended complaint alleges that, among others, Group Inc. and GS&Co. are liable as controlling persons with respect to all five offerings. The consolidated amended complaint also seeks damages from GS&Co. in connection with its acting as an underwriter of 14,430,000 shares of common stock representing an aggregate offering price of approximately $465 million, $690 million principal amount of convertible notes, and approximately $508 million principal amount of convertible notes in the February 2012, December 2012 and May 2014 offerings, respectively, for an aggregate offering price of approximately $1.66 billion. On January 19, 2016, the court granted, with leave to replead, the underwriter defendants’ motions to dismiss as to claims by plaintiffs who purchased Cobalt securities after April 30, 2013, but denied the motions to dismiss in all other respects. On November 3, 2016, plaintiffs moved for class certification.

Cobalt, certain of its officers and directors (including employees of affiliates of Group Inc. who served as directors of Cobalt), certain shareholders of Cobalt (including funds affiliated with Group Inc.), and affiliates of these shareholders (including Group Inc.) are defendants in putative shareholder derivative actions filed beginning on May 6, 2016 in Texas District Court, Harris County. As to the director and officer defendants (including employees of affiliates of Group Inc. who served as directors of Cobalt), the petitions generally allege that they breached their fiduciary duties under state law by making materially false and misleading statements concerning Cobalt. As to the shareholder defendants and their affiliates (including Group Inc. and several affiliated funds), the original petition also alleges that they breached their fiduciary duties by selling Cobalt securities in the common stock offerings described above on the basis of inside information. The petitions seek, among other things, unspecified monetary damages and disgorgement of proceeds from the sale of Cobalt common stock. Defendants moved to dismiss the original petition on July 8, 2016.

Adeptus Health Securities Litigation. GS&Co. is among the underwriters named as defendants in several putative securities class actions, filed beginning in October 2016 in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. In addition to the underwriters, the defendants include Adeptus Health Inc. (Adeptus), its sponsor, and certain of directors and officers of Adeptus. As to the underwriters, the complaints generally allege misstatements and omissions in connection with the $124 million June 2014 initial public offering, the $154 million May 2015 secondary equity offering, the $411 million July 2015 secondary equity offering, and the $175 million June 2016 secondary equity offering. The complaints assert claims under the federal securities laws and seek, among other things, unspecified monetary damages. GS&Co. underwrote 1.69 million shares of common stock in the June 2014 initial public offering representing an aggregate offering price of approximately $37 million, 962,378 shares of common stock in the May 2015 offering representing an aggregate offering price of approximately $61 million, 1.76 million shares of common stock in the July 2015 offering representing an aggregate offering price of approximately $184 million, and all the shares of common stock in the June 2016 offering representing an aggregate offering price of approximately $175 million.

Investment Management Services. Group Inc. and certain of its affiliates are parties to various civil litigation and arbitration proceedings and other disputes with clients relating to losses allegedly sustained as a result of the firm’s investment management services. These claims generally seek, among other things, restitution or other compensatory damages and, in some cases, punitive damages.

TerraForm Global and SunEdison Securities Litigation. GS&Co. is among the underwriters, placement agents and initial purchasers named as defendants in several putative class actions and individual actions filed beginning in October 2015 relating to the $675 million July 2015 initial public offering of the common stock of TerraForm Global, Inc. (TerraForm Global), the August 2015 public offering of $650 million of SunEdison, Inc. (SunEdison) convertible preferred stock, the June 2015 private placement of $335 million of TerraForm Global Class D units, and the August 2015 Rule 144A offering of $810 million principal amount of TerraForm Global senior notes. SunEdison is TerraForm Global’s controlling shareholder and sponsor. Beginning in October 2016, the pending cases were transferred to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, and on January 16, 2017, certain plaintiffs filed a consolidated amended complaint relating to TerraForm Global’s initial public offering. The defendants also include TerraForm Global, SunEdison and certain of their directors and officers. The complaints generally allege misstatements and omissions in connection with the offerings, assert claims under federal securities laws and, in certain actions, state laws, and seek compensatory damages in an unspecified amount, as well as rescission or rescissory damages. TerraForm Global sold 154,800 Class D units, representing an aggregate offering price of approximately $155 million, to the individual plaintiffs. GS&Co., as underwriter, sold 138,890 shares of SunEdison convertible preferred stock in the offering, representing an aggregate offering price of approximately $139 million and sold 2,340,000 shares of TerraForm Global common stock in the initial public offering representing an aggregate offering price of approximately $35 million. GS&Co., as initial purchaser, sold approximately $49 million principal amount of TerraForm Global senior notes in the Rule 144A offering. On April 21, 2016, SunEdison filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.

Valeant Pharmaceuticals International Securities Litigation. GS&Co. and Goldman Sachs Canada Inc. (GS Canada) are among the underwriters and initial purchasers named as defendants in a putative class action filed on March 2, 2016 in the Superior Court of Quebec, Canada. In addition to the underwriters and initial purchasers, the defendants include Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc. (Valeant), certain directors and officers of Valeant and Valeant’s auditor. As to GS&Co. and GS Canada, the complaint generally alleges misstatements and omissions in connection with the offering materials for the June 2013 public offering of $2.3 billion of common stock, the June 2013 Rule 144A offering of $3.2 billion principal amount of senior notes, and the November 2013 Rule 144A offering of $900 million principal amount of senior notes. The complaint asserts claims under the Quebec Securities Act and the Civil Code of Quebec and seeks compensatory damages in an unspecified amount.

GS&Co. is among the initial purchasers named as defendants in a putative class action filed on June 24, 2016 in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey. In addition to the initial purchasers for Valeant’s Rule 144A debt offerings, the defendants include Valeant, certain directors and officers of Valeant, Valeant’s auditor and the underwriters for a common stock offering in which GS&Co. did not participate. As to GS&Co., the complaint generally alleges misstatements and omissions in connection with the June 2013 and November 2013 Rule 144A offerings described above, asserts claims under the federal securities laws, and seeks rescission and compensatory damages in an unspecified amount. Defendants moved to dismiss on September 13, 2016.

GS&Co. and GS Canada, as sole underwriters, sold 27,058,824 shares of common stock in the June 2013 offering representing an aggregate offering price of approximately $2.3 billion and, as initial purchasers, sold approximately $1.3 billion and $293 million in principal amount of senior notes in the June 2013 and November 2013 Rule 144A offerings, respectively.

Interest Rate Swap Antitrust Litigation. Group Inc., GS&Co., GSI, GS Bank USA and Goldman Sachs Financial Markets, L.P. (GSFM) are among the defendants named in putative antitrust class actions relating to the trading of interest rate swaps, filed beginning in November 2015 and consolidated in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. The second consolidated amended complaint filed on December 9, 2016 generally alleges a conspiracy among the defendants since at least January 1, 2007 to preclude exchange trading of interest rate swaps. The complaint seeks declaratory and injunctive relief, as well as treble damages in an unspecified amount. Defendants moved to dismiss on January 20, 2017.

Group Inc., GS&Co., GSI, GS Bank USA and GSFM are among the defendants named in antitrust actions relating to the trading of interest rate swaps filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York beginning in April 2016 by two operators of swap execution facilities and certain of their affiliates. These actions have been consolidated with the class action described above for pretrial proceedings. The second consolidated amended complaint filed on December 9, 2016 generally asserts claims under federal and state antitrust laws and state common law in connection with an alleged conspiracy among the defendants to preclude trading of interest rate swaps on the plaintiffs’ respective swap execution facilities and seeks declaratory and injunctive relief, as well as treble damages in an unspecified amount. Defendants moved to dismiss on January 20, 2017.

Commodities-Related Litigation. GSI is among the defendants named in putative class actions relating to trading in platinum and palladium, filed beginning on November 25, 2014 and most recently amended on July 27, 2015, in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. The complaints generally allege that the defendants violated federal antitrust laws and the Commodity Exchange Act in connection with an alleged conspiracy to manipulate a benchmark for physical platinum and palladium prices and seek declaratory and injunctive relief, as well as treble damages in an unspecified amount. On September 21, 2015, the defendants moved to dismiss.

Employment-Related Matters. On September 15, 2010, a putative class action was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York by three female former employees alleging that Group Inc. and GS&Co. have systematically discriminated against female employees in respect of compensation, promotion, assignments, mentoring and performance evaluations. The complaint alleges a class consisting of all female employees employed at specified levels in specified areas by Group Inc. and GS&Co. since July 2002, and asserts claims under federal and New York City discrimination laws. The complaint seeks class action status, injunctive relief and unspecified amounts of compensatory, punitive and other damages. On July 17, 2012, the district court issued a decision granting in part Group Inc.’s and GS&Co.’s motion to strike certain of plaintiffs’ class allegations on the ground that plaintiffs lacked standing to pursue certain equitable remedies and denying Group Inc.’s and GS&Co.’s motion to strike plaintiffs’ class allegations in their entirety as premature. On March 21, 2013, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit held that arbitration should be compelled with one of the named plaintiffs, who as a managing director was a party to an arbitration agreement with the firm. On March 10, 2015, the magistrate judge to whom the district judge assigned the remaining plaintiffs’ May 2014 motion for class certification recommended that the motion be denied in all respects. On August 3, 2015, the magistrate judge denied plaintiffs’ motion for reconsideration of that recommendation and granted the plaintiffs’ motion to intervene two female individuals, one of whom was employed by the firm as of September 2010 and the other of whom ceased to be an employee of the firm subsequent to the magistrate judge’s decision. On June 6, 2016, the district court affirmed the magistrate judge’s decision on intervention. On September 28, 2015, and by a supplemental motion filed July 11, 2016 (after the second intervenor ceased to be an employee), the defendants moved to dismiss the claims of the intervenors for lack of standing and mootness.

U.S. Treasury Securities-Related Litigation. GS&Co. is among the primary dealers named as defendants in several putative class actions relating to the market for U.S. Treasury securities, filed beginning in July 2015 and consolidated in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. The complaints generally allege that the defendants violated the federal antitrust laws and the Commodity Exchange Act in connection with an alleged conspiracy to manipulate the when-issued market and auctions for U.S. Treasury securities, as well as related futures and options, and seek declaratory and injunctive relief, treble damages in an unspecified amount and restitution.

ISDAFIX-Related Litigation. Group Inc. is among the defendants named in several putative class actions relating to trading in interest rate derivatives, filed beginning in September 2014 and most recently amended on February 12, 2015 in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. The plaintiffs assert claims under the federal antitrust laws and state common law in connection with an alleged conspiracy to manipulate the ISDAFIX benchmarks and seek declaratory and injunctive relief, as well as treble damages in an unspecified amount. On December 19, 2016, the court preliminarily approved a settlement of the claims against Group Inc. The firm has paid the full amount of the proposed settlement into an escrow fund.

Regulatory Investigations and Reviews and Related Litigation. Group Inc. and certain of its affiliates are subject to a number of other investigations and reviews by, and in some cases have received subpoenas and requests for documents and information from, various governmental and regulatory bodies and self-regulatory organizations and litigation and shareholder requests relating to various matters relating to the firm’s businesses and operations, including:

• The 2008 financial crisis;

• The public offering process;

• The firm’s investment management and financial advisory services;

• Conflicts of interest;

• Research practices, including research independence and interactions between research analysts and other firm personnel, including investment banking personnel, as well as third parties;

• Transactions involving government-related financings and other matters, including those related to 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB), a sovereign wealth fund in Malaysia, municipal securities, including wall-cross procedures and conflict of interest disclosure with respect to state and municipal clients, the trading and structuring of municipal derivative instruments in connection with municipal offerings, political contribution rules, municipal advisory services and the possible impact of credit default swap transactions on municipal issuers;

• The offering, auction, sales, trading and clearance of corporate and government securities, currencies, commodities and other financial products and related sales and other communications and activities, including compliance with the SEC’s short sale rule, algorithmic, high-frequency and quantitative trading, the firm’s U.S. alternative trading system (dark pool), futures trading, options trading, when-issued trading, transaction reporting, technology systems and controls, securities lending practices, trading and clearance of credit derivative instruments and interest rate swaps, commodities activities and metals storage, private placement practices, allocations of and trading in securities, and trading activities and communications in connection with the establishment of benchmark rates, such as currency rates;

• Compliance with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act;

• The firm’s hiring and compensation practices;

• The firm’s system of risk management and controls; and

• Insider trading, the potential misuse and dissemination of material nonpublic information regarding corporate and governmental developments and the effectiveness of the firm’s insider trading controls and information barriers.

The firm is cooperating with all such governmental and regulatory investigations and reviews.

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Employee Benefit Plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Compensation and Retirement Disclosure [Abstract]

Employee Benefit Plans

Note 28.

Employee Benefit Plans

The firm sponsors various pension plans and certain other postretirement benefit plans, primarily healthcare and life insurance. The firm also provides certain benefits to former or inactive employees prior to retirement.

Defined Benefit Pension Plans and Postretirement Plans

Employees of certain non-U.S. subsidiaries participate in various defined benefit pension plans. These plans generally provide benefits based on years of credited service and a percentage of the employee’s eligible compensation. The firm maintains a defined benefit pension plan for certain U.K. employees. As of April 2008, the U.K. defined benefit plan was closed to new participants and frozen for existing participants as of March 31, 2016. The non-U.S. plans do not have a material impact on the firm’s consolidated results of operations.

The firm also maintains a defined benefit pension plan for substantially all U.S. employees hired prior to November 1, 2003. As of November 2004, this plan was closed to new participants and frozen for existing participants. In addition, the firm maintains unfunded postretirement benefit plans that provide medical and life insurance for eligible retirees and their dependents covered under these programs. These plans do not have a material impact on the firm’s consolidated results of operations.

The firm recognizes the funded status of its defined benefit pension and postretirement plans, measured as the difference between the fair value of the plan assets and the benefit obligation, in the consolidated statements of financial condition. As of December 2016, “Other assets” and “Other liabilities and accrued expenses” included $72 million (related to overfunded pension plans) and $592 million, respectively, related to these plans. As of December 2015, “Other assets” and “Other liabilities and accrued expenses” included $329 million (related to overfunded pension plans) and $561 million, respectively, related to these plans.

Defined Contribution Plans

The firm contributes to employer-sponsored U.S. and non-U.S. defined contribution plans. The firm’s contribution to these plans was $236 million for 2016, $231 million for 2015 and $223 million for 2014.

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Employee Incentive Plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Employee Incentive Plans

Note 29.

Employee Incentive Plans

The cost of employee services received in exchange for a share-based award is generally measured based on the grant-date fair value of the award. Share-based awards that do not require future service (i.e., vested awards, including awards granted to retirement-eligible employees) are expensed immediately. Share-based awards that require future service are amortized over the relevant service period. Expected forfeitures are included in determining share-based employee compensation expense. See Note 3 for information about the adoption of ASU No. 2016-09.

The firm pays cash dividend equivalents on outstanding RSUs. Dividend equivalents paid on RSUs are generally charged to retained earnings. Dividend equivalents paid on RSUs expected to be forfeited are included in compensation expense. The firm accounts for the tax benefit related to dividend equivalents paid on RSUs as an increase to additional paid-in capital.

The firm generally issues new shares of common stock upon delivery of share-based awards. In certain cases, primarily related to conflicted employment (as outlined in the applicable award agreements), the firm may cash settle share-based compensation awards accounted for as equity instruments. For these awards, whose terms allow for cash settlement, additional paid-in capital is adjusted to the extent of the difference between the value of the award at the time of cash settlement and the grant-date value of the award.

Stock Incentive Plan

The firm sponsors a stock incentive plan, The Goldman Sachs Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (2015) (2015 SIP), which provides for grants of RSUs, restricted stock, dividend equivalent rights, incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, and other share-based awards, each of which may be subject to performance conditions. On May 21, 2015, shareholders approved the 2015 SIP. The 2015 SIP replaced The Goldman Sachs Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (2013) (2013 SIP) previously in effect, and applies to awards granted on or after the date of approval.

As of December 2016, 73.0 million shares were available for grant under the 2015 SIP. If any shares of common stock underlying awards granted under the 2015 SIP or 2013 SIP are not delivered due to forfeiture, termination or cancellation or are surrendered or withheld, those shares will again become available to be delivered under the 2015 SIP. Shares available for grant are also subject to adjustment for certain changes in corporate structure as permitted under the 2015 SIP. The 2015 SIP is scheduled to terminate on the date of the annual meeting of shareholders that occurs in 2019.

Restricted Stock Units

The firm grants RSUs to employees under the 2015 SIP, which are valued based on the closing price of the underlying shares on the date of grant after taking into account a liquidity discount for any applicable post-vesting and delivery transfer restrictions. RSUs generally vest and underlying shares of common stock deliver as outlined in the applicable award agreements. Employee award agreements generally provide that vesting is accelerated in certain circumstances, such as on retirement, death, disability and conflicted employment. Delivery of the underlying shares of common stock is conditioned on the grantees satisfying certain vesting and other requirements outlined in the award agreements.

The table below presents the activity related to RSUs.

	Restricted Stock Units Outstanding					Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value of Restricted Stock Units Outstanding
		Future Service Required		No Future Service Required			Future Service Required	No Future Service Required
Outstanding, December 2015		5,649,156		22,082,601			$159.82	$148.00
Granted		4,452,358		11,071,140			138.48	134.90
Forfeited		(501,094	)	(387,417	)		153.98	149.60
Delivered		—		(14,541,074	)		—	142.85
Vested		(3,977,181	)	3,977,181			154.44	154.44
Outstanding, December 2016		5,623,239		22,202,431			147.25	145.97

In the table above:

• The weighted average grant-date fair value of RSUs granted during 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $135.92, $160.19 and $151.40, respectively. The fair value of the RSUs granted during 2016, 2015 and 2014 includes a liquidity discount of 10.5%, 9.2% and 13.8%, respectively, to reflect post-vesting and delivery transfer restrictions of up to 4 years.

• The aggregate fair value of awards that vested during 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $2.26 billion, $2.40 billion and $2.39 billion, respectively.

• Delivered RSUs include RSUs that were cash settled.

• RSUs outstanding include restricted stock subject to future service requirements as of December 2016 and December 2015 of 39,957 and 6,354 shares, respectively.

In the first quarter of 2017, the firm granted to its employees 8.4 million year-end RSUs, of which 3.2 million RSUs require future service as a condition of delivery for the related shares of common stock. These awards are subject to additional conditions as outlined in the award agreements. Generally, shares underlying these awards, net of required withholding tax, deliver over a three-year period but are subject to post-vesting and delivery transfer restrictions through January 2022. These grants are not included in the table above.

Stock Options

Stock options generally vest as outlined in the applicable stock option agreement. In general, options expire on the tenth anniversary of the grant date, although they may be subject to earlier termination or cancellation under certain circumstances in accordance with the terms of the applicable stock option agreement and the SIP in effect at the time of grant.

The table below presents the activity related to outstanding stock options, all of which were granted in 2006 through 2008.

	Options Outstanding		Weighted Average Exercise Price	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in millions)	Weighted Average Remaining Life (years)
Outstanding, December 2015	14,756,275		$128.79	$891	2.38
Exercised	(6,795,087	)	135.16
Outstanding, December 2016	7,961,188		123.36	924	1.61
Exercisable, December 2016	7,961,188		123.36	924	1.61

In the table above:

• The total intrinsic value of options exercised during 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $436 million, $531 million and $2.03 billion, respectively.

• Options outstanding as of December 2016, consist of 5.13 million options with an exercise price of $78.78 and a remaining life of 2.00 years, and 2.83 million options with an exercise price of $204.16 and a remaining life of 0.92 years.

The table below presents the share-based compensation and the related excess tax benefit.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016	2015	2014
Share-based compensation		$2,170	$2,304	$2,101
Excess net tax benefit for options exercised		79	134	549
Excess net tax benefit for other share-based awards		147	406	788

In the table above, excess net tax benefit for other share-based awards represents the net tax benefit recognized in additional paid-in capital on stock options exercised, the delivery of common stock underlying share-based awards and dividend equivalents paid on RSUs. Following the adoption of ASU 2016-09, such amounts will be recognized prospectively in income tax expense. See Note 3 for further information about this ASU.

As of December 2016, there was $381 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.50 years.

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Parent Company

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Condensed Financial Information of Parent Company Only Disclosure [Abstract]

Parent Company

Note 30.

Parent Company

Group Inc. — Condensed Statements of Earnings

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015		2014
Revenues
Dividends from subsidiaries:
Bank subsidiaries		$     53		$     32		$     16
Nonbank subsidiaries		5,465		3,181		2,739
Other revenues		155		(132	)	826
Total non-interest revenues		5,673		3,081		3,581
Interest income		4,140		3,519		3,769
Interest expense		4,543		4,165		3,802
Net interest loss		(403	)	(646	)	(33	)
Net revenues, including net interest loss		5,270		2,435		3,548
Operating expenses
Compensation and benefits		343		498		411
Other expenses		332		188		282
Total operating expenses		675		686		693
Pre-tax earnings		4,595		1,749		2,855
Provision/(benefit) for taxes		(518	)	(828	)	(292	)
Undistributed earnings of subsidiaries		2,285		3,506		5,330
Net earnings		7,398		6,083		8,477
Preferred stock dividends		311		515		400
Net earnings applicable to common shareholders		$7,087		$5,568		$8,077

Supplemental Disclosure:

Dividends from nonbank subsidiaries include cash dividends of $3.46 billion, $2.29 billion and $2.62 billion for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Group Inc. — Condensed Statements of Financial Condition

	As of December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents:
With third party banks		$         81		$         36
With subsidiary bank		3,000		1,300
Loans to and receivables from subsidiaries:
Bank subsidiaries		9,131		9,494
Nonbank subsidiaries		179,899		179,826
Investments in subsidiaries and other affiliates:
Bank subsidiaries		25,571		23,985
Nonbank subsidiaries and other affiliates		67,203		61,533
Financial instruments owned, at fair value		4,524		4,410
Other assets		6,273		7,472
Total assets		$295,682		$288,056
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity
Payables to subsidiaries		$       875		$       591
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value		775		443
Unsecured short-term borrowings:
With third parties (includes $3,256 as of December 2016 and $4,924 as of December 2015, at fair value)		27,159		29,547
With subsidiaries		999		628
Unsecured long-term borrowings:
With third parties (includes $17,591 as of December 2016 and $16,194 as of December 2015, at fair value)		172,164		164,718
With subsidiaries		5,233		3,854
Other liabilities and accrued expenses		1,584		1,547
Total liabilities		208,789		201,328
Commitments, contingencies and guarantees
Shareholders’ equity
Preferred stock		11,203		11,200
Common stock		9		9
Share-based awards		3,914		4,151
Additional paid-in capital		52,638		51,340
Retained earnings		89,039		83,386
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(1,216	)	(718)
Stock held in treasury, at cost		(68,694	)	(62,640)
Total shareholders’ equity		86,893		86,728
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity		$295,682		$288,056

Supplemental Disclosures:

Loans to and receivables from nonbank subsidiaries primarily includes overnight loans, the proceeds of which can be used to satisfy the short-term obligations of Group Inc.

As of December 2016, unsecured long-term borrowings with subsidiaries by maturity date are $3.83 billion in 2018, $90 million in 2019, $100 million in 2020, $132 million in 2021, and $1.08 billion in 2022-thereafter.

Group Inc. — Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015	2014
Cash flows from operating activities
Net earnings		$   7,398		$    6,083	$   8,477
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities:
Undistributed earnings of subsidiaries		(2,285	)	(3,506)	(5,330)
Depreciation and amortization		52		50	42
Deferred income taxes		134		86	(4)
Share-based compensation		193		178	188
Loss/(gain) related to extinguishment of junior subordinated debt		3		(34)	(289)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Financial instruments owned, at fair value		(1,580	)	(620)	6,766
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value		332		274	(252)
Other, net		(993	)	(56)	(5,793)
Net cash provided by operating activities		3,254		2,455	3,805
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of property, leasehold improvements and equipment		(79	)	(33)	(15)
Issuances of short-term loans to subsidiaries, net		(3,994	)	(24,417)	(4,099)
Issuance of term loans to subsidiaries		(28,498	)	(8,632)	(8,803)
Repayments of term loans by subsidiaries		32,265		24,196	3,979
Capital distributions from/(contributions to) subsidiaries, net		(3,265	)	(1,500)	865
Net cash used for investing activities		(3,571	)	(10,386)	(8,073)
Cash flows from financing activities
Unsecured short-term borrowings, net		2,112		(2,684)	963
Proceeds from issuance of long-term borrowings		40,708		42,795	37,101
Repayment of long-term borrowings, including the current portion		(33,314	)	(27,726)	(27,931)
Purchase of APEX, trust preferred securities and senior guaranteed trust securities		(1,171	)	(1)	(1,801)
Common stock repurchased		(6,078	)	(4,135)	(5,469)
Dividends and dividend equivalents paid on common stock, preferred stock and share-based awards		(1,706	)	(1,681)	(1,454)
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock, net of issuance costs		1,303		1,993	1,980
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, including exercise of share-based awards		6		259	123
Excess tax benefit related to share-based awards		202		407	782
Cash settlement of share-based awards		—		(2)	(1)
Net cash provided by financing activities		2,062		9,225	4,293
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		1,745		1,294	25
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning balance		1,336		42	17
Cash and cash equivalents, ending balance		$   3,081		$    1,336	$        42

Supplemental Disclosures:

Cash payments for third-party interest, net of capitalized interest, were $4.72 billion, $3.54 billion and $4.31 billion for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Cash payments for income taxes, net of refunds, were $61 million, $1.28 billion and $2.35 billion for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Cash flows related to common stock repurchased includes common stock repurchased in the prior period for which settlement occurred during the current period and excludes common stock repurchased during the current period for which settlement occurred in the following period.

Non-cash activities during the year ended December 2016:

• Group Inc. exchanged $1.04 billion of APEX for $1.31 billion of Series E and Series F Preferred Stock. See Note 19 for further information.

• Group Inc. exchanged $127 million of senior guaranteed trust securities for $124 million of Group Inc.’s junior subordinated debt.

Non-cash activities during the year ended December 2015:

• Group Inc. exchanged $262 million of Trust Preferred Securities and common beneficial interests held by Group Inc. for $296 million of Group Inc.’s junior subordinated debt.

• Group Inc. exchanged $6.12 billion in financial instruments owned, at fair value, held by Group Inc. for $5.20 billion of loans to and $918 million of equity in certain of its subsidiaries.

Non-cash activities during the year ended December 2014:

• Group Inc. exchanged $1.58 billion of Trust Preferred Securities, common beneficial interests and senior guaranteed trust securities held by Group Inc. for $1.87 billion of Group Inc.’s junior subordinated debt.

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Basis of Presentation (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

These consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP) and include the accounts of Group Inc. and all other entities in which the firm has a controlling financial interest. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

Consolidation, Policy

Consolidation

The firm consolidates entities in which the firm has a controlling financial interest. The firm determines whether it has a controlling financial interest in an entity by first evaluating whether the entity is a voting interest entity or a variable interest entity (VIE).

Voting Interest Entities. Voting interest entities are entities in which (i) the total equity investment at risk is sufficient to enable the entity to finance its activities independently and (ii) the equity holders have the power to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact its economic performance, the obligation to absorb the losses of the entity and the right to receive the residual returns of the entity. The usual condition for a controlling financial interest in a voting interest entity is ownership of a majority voting interest. If the firm has a controlling majority voting interest in a voting interest entity, the entity is consolidated.

Variable Interest Entities. A VIE is an entity that lacks one or more of the characteristics of a voting interest entity. The firm has a controlling financial interest in a VIE when the firm has a variable interest or interests that provide it with (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. See Note 12 for further information about VIEs.

Equity-Method Investments. When the firm does not have a controlling financial interest in an entity but can exert significant influence over the entity’s operating and financial policies, the investment is accounted for either (i) under the equity method of accounting or (ii) at fair value by electing the fair value option available under U.S. GAAP. Significant influence generally exists when the firm owns 20% to 50% of the entity’s common stock or in-substance common stock.

In general, the firm accounts for investments acquired after the fair value option became available, at fair value. In certain cases, the firm applies the equity method of accounting to new investments that are strategic in nature or closely related to the firm’s principal business activities, when the firm has a significant degree of involvement in the cash flows or operations of the investee or when cost-benefit considerations are less significant. See Note 13 for further information about equity-method investments.

Investment Funds. The firm has formed numerous investment funds with third-party investors. These funds are typically organized as limited partnerships or limited liability companies for which the firm acts as general partner or manager. Generally, the firm does not hold a majority of the economic interests in these funds. These funds are usually voting interest entities and generally are not consolidated because third-party investors typically have rights to terminate the funds or to remove the firm as general partner or manager. Investments in these funds are generally measured at net asset value (NAV) and are included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value.” See Notes 6, 18 and 22 for further information about investments in funds.

Equity Method Investments

Equity-Method Investments. When the firm does not have a controlling financial interest in an entity but can exert significant influence over the entity’s operating and financial policies, the investment is accounted for either (i) under the equity method of accounting or (ii) at fair value by electing the fair value option available under U.S. GAAP. Significant influence generally exists when the firm owns 20% to 50% of the entity’s common stock or in-substance common stock.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

Preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions, the most important of which relate to fair value measurements, accounting for goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, the provisions for losses that may arise from litigation, regulatory proceedings (including governmental investigations) and tax audits, and the allowance for losses on loans and lending commitments held for investment. These estimates and assumptions are based on the best available information but actual results could be materially different.

Revenue Recognition, Policy

Revenue Recognition

Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities at Fair Value. Financial instruments owned, at fair value and Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value are recorded at fair value either under the fair value option or in accordance with other U.S. GAAP. In addition, the firm has elected to account for certain of its other financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value by electing the fair value option. The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Financial assets are marked to bid prices and financial liabilities are marked to offer prices. Fair value measurements do not include transaction costs. Fair value gains or losses are generally included in “Market making” for positions in Institutional Client Services and “Other principal transactions” for positions in Investing & Lending. See Notes 5 through 8 for further information about fair value measurements.

Investment Banking. Fees from financial advisory assignments and underwriting revenues are recognized in earnings when the services related to the underlying transaction are completed under the terms of the assignment. Expenses associated with such transactions are deferred until the related revenue is recognized or the assignment is otherwise concluded. Expenses associated with financial advisory assignments are recorded as non-compensation expenses, net of client reimbursements. Underwriting revenues are presented net of related expenses.

Investment Management. The firm earns management fees and incentive fees for investment management services. Management fees for mutual funds are calculated as a percentage of daily net asset value and are received monthly. Management fees for hedge funds and separately managed accounts are calculated as a percentage of month-end net asset value and are generally received quarterly. Management fees for private equity funds are calculated as a percentage of monthly invested capital or commitments and are received quarterly, semi-annually or annually, depending on the fund. All management fees are recognized over the period that the related service is provided. Incentive fees are calculated as a percentage of a fund’s or separately managed account’s return, or excess return above a specified benchmark or other performance target. Incentive fees are generally based on investment performance over a 12-month period or over the life of a fund. Fees that are based on performance over a 12-month period are subject to adjustment prior to the end of the measurement period. For fees that are based on investment performance over the life of the fund, future investment underperformance may require fees previously distributed to the firm to be returned to the fund. Incentive fees are recognized only when all material contingencies have been resolved. Management and incentive fee revenues are included in “Investment management” revenues.

The firm makes payments to brokers and advisors related to the placement of the firm’s investment funds. These payments are calculated based on either a percentage of the management fee or the investment fund’s net asset value. Where the firm is principal to the arrangement, such costs are recorded on a gross basis and included in “Brokerage, clearing, exchange and distribution fees,” and where the firm is agent to the arrangement, such costs are recorded on a net basis in “Investment management” revenues.

Commissions and Fees. The firm earns “Commissions and fees” from executing and clearing client transactions on stock, options and futures markets, as well as over-the-counter (OTC) transactions. Commissions and fees are recognized on the day the trade is executed.

Transfers of Assets, Policy

Transfers of Assets

Transfers of assets are accounted for as sales when the firm has relinquished control over the assets transferred. For transfers of assets accounted for as sales, any gains or losses are recognized in net revenues. Assets or liabilities that arise from the firm’s continuing involvement with transferred assets are initially recognized at fair value. For transfers of assets that are not accounted for as sales, the assets generally remain in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value” and the transfer is accounted for as a collateralized financing, with the related interest expense recognized over the life of the transaction. See Note 10 for further information about transfers of assets accounted for as collateralized financings and Note 11 for further information about transfers of assets accounted for as sales.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The firm defines cash equivalents as highly liquid overnight deposits held in the ordinary course of business. As of December 2016 and December 2015, “Cash and cash equivalents” included $11.15 billion and $14.71 billion, respectively, of cash and due from banks, and $110.56 billion and $78.73 billion, respectively, of interest-bearing deposits with banks. The firm segregates cash for regulatory and other purposes related to client activity. As of December 2016 and December 2015, $14.65 billion and $18.33 billion, respectively, of “Cash and cash equivalents” were segregated for regulatory and other purposes. See “Recent Accounting Developments” for further information.

In addition, the firm segregates securities for regulatory and other purposes related to client activity. See Note 10 for further information about segregated securities.

Receivables from and Payables to Brokers, Dealers and Clearing Organizations, Policy

Receivables from and Payables to Brokers, Dealers and Clearing Organizations

Receivables from and payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations are accounted for at cost plus accrued interest, which generally approximates fair value. While these receivables and payables are carried at amounts that approximate fair value, they are not accounted for at fair value under the fair value option or at fair value in accordance with other U.S. GAAP and therefore are not included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy in Notes 6 through 8. Had these receivables and payables been included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy, substantially all would have been classified in level 2 as of December 2016 and December 2015.

Receivables from Customers and Counterparties, Policy

Receivables from Customers and Counterparties

Receivables from customers and counterparties generally relate to collateralized transactions. Such receivables are primarily comprised of customer margin loans, certain transfers of assets accounted for as secured loans rather than purchases at fair value and collateral posted in connection with certain derivative transactions. Substantially all of these receivables are accounted for at amortized cost net of estimated uncollectible amounts. Certain of the firm’s receivables from customers and counterparties are accounted for at fair value under the fair value option, with changes in fair value generally included in “Market making” revenues. See Note 8 for further information about receivables from customers and counterparties accounted for at fair value under the fair value option. In addition, as of December 2016 and December 2015, the firm’s receivables from customers and counterparties included $2.60 billion and $2.35 billion, respectively, of loans held for sale, accounted for at the lower of cost or fair value. See Note 5 for an overview of the firm’s fair value measurement policies.

As of December 2016 and December 2015, the carrying value of receivables not accounted for at fair value generally approximated fair value. While these receivables are carried at amounts that approximate fair value, they are not accounted for at fair value under the fair value option or at fair value in accordance with other U.S. GAAP and therefore are not included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy in Notes 6 through 8. Had these receivables been included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy, substantially all would have been classified in level 2 as of December 2016 and December 2015. Interest on receivables from customers and counterparties is recognized over the life of the transaction and included in “Interest income.”

Payables to Customers and Counterparties, Policy

Payables to Customers and Counterparties

Payables to customers and counterparties primarily consist of customer credit balances related to the firm’s prime brokerage activities. Payables to customers and counterparties are accounted for at cost plus accrued interest, which generally approximates fair value. While these payables are carried at amounts that approximate fair value, they are not accounted for at fair value under the fair value option or at fair value in accordance with other U.S. GAAP and therefore are not included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy in Notes 6 through 8. Had these payables been included in the firm’s fair value hierarchy, substantially all would have been classified in level 2 as of December 2016 and December 2015. Interest on payables to customers and counterparties is recognized over the life of the transaction and included in “Interest expense.”

Offsetting Assets and Liabilities, Policy

Offsetting Assets and Liabilities

To reduce credit exposures on derivatives and securities financing transactions, the firm may enter into master netting agreements or similar arrangements (collectively, netting agreements) with counterparties that permit it to offset receivables and payables with such counterparties. A netting agreement is a contract with a counterparty that permits net settlement of multiple transactions with that counterparty, including upon the exercise of termination rights by a non-defaulting party. Upon exercise of such termination rights, all transactions governed by the netting agreement are terminated and a net settlement amount is calculated. In addition, the firm receives and posts cash and securities collateral with respect to its derivatives and securities financing transactions, subject to the terms of the related credit support agreements or similar arrangements (collectively, credit support agreements). An enforceable credit support agreement grants the non-defaulting party exercising termination rights the right to liquidate the collateral and apply the proceeds to any amounts owed. In order to assess enforceability of the firm’s right of setoff under netting and credit support agreements, the firm evaluates various factors including applicable bankruptcy laws, local statutes and regulatory provisions in the jurisdiction of the parties to the agreement.

Derivatives are reported on a net-by-counterparty basis (i.e., the net payable or receivable for derivative assets and liabilities for a given counterparty) in the consolidated statements of financial condition when a legal right of setoff exists under an enforceable netting agreement. Resale and repurchase agreements and securities borrowed and loaned transactions with the same term and currency are presented on a net-by-counterparty basis in the consolidated statements of financial condition when such transactions meet certain settlement criteria and are subject to netting agreements.

In the consolidated statements of financial condition, derivatives are reported net of cash collateral received and posted under enforceable credit support agreements, when transacted under an enforceable netting agreement. In the consolidated statements of financial condition, resale and repurchase agreements, and securities borrowed and loaned, are not reported net of the related cash and securities received or posted as collateral. See Note 10 for further information about collateral received and pledged, including rights to deliver or repledge collateral. See Notes 7 and 10 for further information about offsetting.

Foreign Currency Translation, Policy

Foreign Currency Translation

Assets and liabilities denominated in non-U.S. currencies are translated at rates of exchange prevailing on the date of the consolidated statements of financial condition and revenues and expenses are translated at average rates of exchange for the period. Foreign currency remeasurement gains or losses on transactions in nonfunctional currencies are recognized in earnings. Gains or losses on translation of the financial statements of a non-U.S. operation, when the functional currency is other than the U.S. dollar, are included, net of hedges and taxes, in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Recent Accounting Developments

Recent Accounting Developments

Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606). In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).” This ASU, as amended, provides comprehensive guidance on the recognition of revenue from customers arising from the transfer of goods and services, guidance on accounting for certain contract costs, and new disclosures.

The ASU is effective for the firm in January 2018 under a modified retrospective approach or retrospectively to all periods presented. The firm’s implementation efforts include identifying revenues and costs within the scope of the ASU, reviewing contracts, and analyzing any changes to its existing revenue recognition policies. As a result of adopting this ASU, the firm may, among other things, be required to recognize incentive fees earlier than under the firm’s current revenue recognition policy, which defers recognition until all contingencies are resolved. The firm may also be required to change the current presentation of certain costs from a net presentation within net revenues to a gross basis, or vice versa. Based on implementation work to date, the firm does not currently expect that the ASU will have a material impact on its financial condition, results of operations or cash flows on the date of adoption.

Measuring the Financial Assets and the Financial Liabilities of a Consolidated Collateralized Financing Entity (ASC 810). In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-13, “Consolidation (Topic 810) — Measuring the Financial Assets and the Financial Liabilities of a Consolidated Collateralized Financing Entity (CFE).” This ASU provides an alternative to reflect changes in the fair value of the financial assets and the financial liabilities of the CFE by measuring either the fair value of the assets or liabilities, whichever is more observable, and provides new disclosure requirements for those electing this approach.

The firm adopted the ASU in January 2016. Adoption of the ASU did not materially affect the firm’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis (ASC 810). In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-02, “Consolidation (Topic 810) — Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis.” This ASU eliminates the deferral of the requirements of ASU No. 2009-17, “Consolidations (Topic 810) — Improvements to Financial Reporting by Enterprises Involved with Variable Interest Entities” for certain interests in investment funds and provides a scope exception for certain investments in money market funds. It also makes several modifications to the consolidation guidance for VIEs and general partners’ investments in limited partnerships, as well as modifications to the evaluation of whether limited partnerships are VIEs or voting interest entities.

The firm adopted the ASU in January 2016, using a modified retrospective approach. The impact of adoption was a net reduction to both total assets and total liabilities of approximately $200 million, substantially all included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value” and in “Other liabilities and accrued expenses,” respectively. Adoption of this ASU did not have an impact on the firm’s results of operations. See Note 12 for further information about the adoption.

Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs (ASC 835). In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, “Interest — Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30) — Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs.” This ASU simplifies the presentation of debt issuance costs by requiring that these costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the statements of financial condition as a direct reduction from the carrying amount of that liability.

The firm early adopted the ASU in September 2015, using a modified retrospective approach. Adoption of the ASU did not materially affect the firm’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (ASC 718). In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, “Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718) — Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” This ASU includes a requirement that the tax effect related to the settlement of share-based awards be recorded in income tax benefit or expense in the statements of earnings rather than directly to additional paid-in-capital. This change has no impact on total shareholders’ equity and is required to be adopted prospectively. In addition, the ASU modifies the classification of certain share-based payment activities within the statements of cash flows and this change is generally required to be applied retrospectively. The ASU also allows for forfeitures to be recorded when they occur rather than estimated over the vesting period. This change is required to be applied on a modified retrospective basis.

The firm adopted the ASU in January 2017 and the impact of the restricted stock unit (RSU) deliveries and option exercises in the first quarter of 2017 is estimated to be a reduction to the provision for taxes of approximately $450 million that will be recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of earnings. This amount may vary in future periods depending upon, among other things, the number of RSUs delivered and their change in value since grant. Prior to the adoption of this ASU, this amount would have been recorded directly to additional paid-in-capital. Other provisions of the ASU will not have a material impact on the firm’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments (ASC 805). In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-16, “Business Combinations (Topic 805) — Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments.” This ASU eliminates the requirement for an acquirer in a business combination to account for measurement-period adjustments retrospectively.

The firm adopted the ASU in January 2016. Adoption of the ASU did not materially affect the firm’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (ASC 825). In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, “Financial Instruments (Topic 825) — Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” This ASU amends certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. It includes a requirement to present separately in other comprehensive income changes in fair value attributable to a firm’s own credit spreads (debt valuation adjustment or DVA), net of tax, on financial liabilities for which the fair value option was elected.

The ASU is effective for the firm in January 2018. Early adoption is permitted under a modified retrospective approach for the requirements related to DVA. In January 2016, the firm early adopted this ASU for the requirements related to DVA, and reclassified the cumulative DVA, a gain of $305 million (net of tax), from retained earnings to accumulated other comprehensive loss. The firm does not expect the adoption of the remaining provisions of the ASU to have a material impact on its financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Leases (ASC 842). In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).” This ASU requires that, for leases longer than one year, a lessee recognize in the statements of financial condition a right-of-use asset, representing the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term, and a lease liability, representing the liability to make lease payments. It also requires that for finance leases, a lessee recognize interest expense on the lease liability, separately from the amortization of the right-of-use asset in the statements of earnings, while for operating leases, such amounts should be recognized as a combined expense. In addition, this ASU requires expanded disclosures about the nature and terms of lease agreements.

The ASU is effective for the firm in January 2019 under a modified retrospective approach. Early adoption is permitted. The firm’s implementation efforts include reviewing existing leases and service contracts, which may include embedded leases. The firm expects a gross up on its consolidated statements of financial condition upon recognition of the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities and does not expect the amount of the gross up to have a material impact on its financial condition.

Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (ASC 326). In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326) — Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” This ASU amends several aspects of the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments, including replacing the existing incurred credit loss model and other models with the Current Expected Credit Losses (CECL) model and amending certain aspects of accounting for purchased financial assets with deterioration in credit quality since origination.

Under CECL, the allowance for losses for financial assets that are measured at amortized cost should reflect management’s estimate of credit losses over the remaining expected life of the financial assets. Expected credit losses for newly recognized financial assets, as well as changes to expected credit losses during the period, would be recognized in earnings. For certain purchased financial assets with deterioration in credit quality since origination, an initial allowance would be recorded for expected credit losses and recognized as an increase to the purchase price rather than as an expense. Expected credit losses, including losses on off-balance-sheet exposures such as lending commitments, will be measured based on historical experience, current conditions and forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount.

The ASU is effective for the firm in January 2020 under a modified retrospective approach. Early adoption is permitted in January 2019. Adoption of the ASU will result in earlier recognition of credit losses and an increase in the recorded allowance for certain purchased loans with deterioration in credit quality since origination with a corresponding increase to their gross carrying value. The impact of adoption of this ASU on the firm’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows will depend on, among other things, the economic environment and the type of financial assets held by the firm on the date of adoption.

Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (ASC 230). In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) — Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments.” This ASU provides guidance on the disclosure and classification of certain items within the statement of cash flows.

The ASU is effective for the firm in January 2018 under a retrospective approach. Early adoption is permitted. Since the ASU only impacts classification in the statements of cash flows, adoption will not affect the firm’s cash and cash equivalents.

Clarifying the Definition of a Business (ASC 805). In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, “Business Combinations (Topic 805) — Clarifying the Definition of a Business.” The ASU amends the definition of a business and provides a threshold which must be considered to determine whether a transaction is an asset acquisition or a business combination. The ASU is effective for the firm in January 2018 under a prospective approach. Early adoption is permitted. The firm is still evaluating the effect of the ASU on its financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Restricted Cash (ASC 230). In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) — Restricted Cash.” This ASU requires that cash segregated for regulatory and other purposes be included in cash and cash equivalents disclosed in the statements of cash flows and is required to be applied retrospectively.

The firm early adopted the ASU in December 2016 and reclassified cash segregated for regulatory and other purposes into “Cash and cash equivalents” disclosed in the consolidated statements of cash flows. The impact of adoption was a decrease of $3.69 billion, an increase of $909 million and a decrease of $309 million for the years ended December 2016, December 2015 and December 2014, respectively, to “Net cash provided by/(used for) operating activities.”

In December 2016, to be consistent with the presentation of segregated cash in the consolidated statements of cash flows under the ASU, the firm reclassified amounts previously included in “Cash and securities segregated for regulatory and other purposes” into “Cash and cash equivalents,” “Securities purchased under agreements to resell and federal funds sold,” “Securities borrowed” and “Financial instruments owned, at fair value,” in the consolidated statements of financial condition. Previously reported amounts in the consolidated statements of financial condition and notes to the consolidated financial statements have been conformed to the current presentation.

Fair Value Measurements, Policy

Fair Value Measurements

The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Financial assets are marked to bid prices and financial liabilities are marked to offer prices. Fair value measurements do not include transaction costs. The firm measures certain financial assets and financial liabilities as a portfolio (i.e., based on its net exposure to market and/or credit risks).

The best evidence of fair value is a quoted price in an active market. If quoted prices in active markets are not available, fair value is determined by reference to prices for similar instruments, quoted prices or recent transactions in less active markets, or internally developed models that primarily use market-based or independently sourced inputs including, but not limited to, interest rates, volatilities, equity or debt prices, foreign exchange rates, commodity prices, credit spreads and funding spreads (i.e., the spread or difference between the interest rate at which a borrower could finance a given financial instrument relative to a benchmark interest rate).

U.S. GAAP has a three-level fair value hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements. This hierarchy prioritizes inputs to the valuation techniques used to measure fair value, giving the highest priority to level 1 inputs and the lowest priority to level 3 inputs. A financial instrument’s level in this hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to its fair value measurement. In evaluating the significance of a valuation input, the firm considers, among other factors, a portfolio’s net risk exposure to that input. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

Level 1. Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets to which the firm had access at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 2. Inputs to valuation techniques are observable, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3. One or more inputs to valuation techniques are significant and unobservable.

Cash Instruments

Cash instruments include U.S. government and federal agency obligations, non-U.S. government and agency obligations, mortgage-backed loans and securities, corporate loans and debt securities, equities and convertible debentures, investments in funds at NAV, and other non-derivative financial instruments owned and financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased. See below for the types of cash instruments included in each level of the fair value hierarchy and the valuation techniques and significant inputs used to determine their fair values. See Note 5 for an overview of the firm’s fair value measurement policies.

Level 1 Cash Instruments

Level 1 cash instruments include certain money market instruments, U.S. government obligations, most non-U.S. government obligations, certain government agency obligations, certain corporate debt securities and actively traded listed equities. These instruments are valued using quoted prices for identical unrestricted instruments in active markets.

The firm defines active markets for equity instruments based on the average daily trading volume both in absolute terms and relative to the market capitalization for the instrument. The firm defines active markets for debt instruments based on both the average daily trading volume and the number of days with trading activity.

Level 2 Cash Instruments

Level 2 cash instruments include most money market instruments, most government agency obligations, certain non-U.S. government obligations, most mortgage-backed loans and securities, most corporate loans and debt securities, most state and municipal obligations, most other debt obligations, restricted or less liquid listed equities, commodities and certain lending commitments.

Valuations of level 2 cash instruments can be verified to quoted prices, recent trading activity for identical or similar instruments, broker or dealer quotations or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency. Consideration is given to the nature of the quotations (e.g., indicative or firm) and the relationship of recent market activity to the prices provided from alternative pricing sources.

Valuation adjustments are typically made to level 2 cash instruments (i) if the cash instrument is subject to transfer restrictions and/or (ii) for other premiums and liquidity discounts that a market participant would require to arrive at fair value. Valuation adjustments are generally based on market evidence.

Level 3 Cash Instruments

Level 3 cash instruments have one or more significant valuation inputs that are not observable. Absent evidence to the contrary, level 3 cash instruments are initially valued at transaction price, which is considered to be the best initial estimate of fair value. Subsequently, the firm uses other methodologies to determine fair value, which vary based on the type of instrument. Valuation inputs and assumptions are changed when corroborated by substantive observable evidence, including values realized on sales of financial assets.

Valuation Techniques and Significant Inputs of Level 3 Cash Instruments

Valuation techniques of level 3 cash instruments vary by instrument, but are generally based on discounted cash flow techniques. The valuation techniques and the nature of significant inputs used to determine the fair values of each type of level 3 cash instrument are described below:

Loans and Securities Backed by Commercial Real Estate. Loans and securities backed by commercial real estate are directly or indirectly collateralized by a single commercial real estate property or a portfolio of properties, and may include tranches of varying levels of subordination. Significant inputs are generally determined based on relative value analyses and include:

• Transaction prices in both the underlying collateral and instruments with the same or similar underlying collateral and the basis, or price difference, to such prices;

• Market yields implied by transactions of similar or related assets and/or current levels and changes in market indices such as the CMBX (an index that tracks the performance of commercial mortgage bonds);

• A measure of expected future cash flows in a default scenario (recovery rates) implied by the value of the underlying collateral, which is mainly driven by current performance of the underlying collateral, capitalization rates and multiples. Recovery rates are expressed as a percentage of notional or face value of the instrument and reflect the benefit of credit enhancements on certain instruments; and

• Timing of expected future cash flows (duration) which, in certain cases, may incorporate the impact of other unobservable inputs (e.g., prepayment speeds).

Loans and Securities Backed by Residential Real Estate. Loans and securities backed by residential real estate are directly or indirectly collateralized by portfolios of residential real estate and may include tranches of varying levels of subordination. Significant inputs are generally determined based on relative value analyses, which incorporate comparisons to instruments with similar collateral and risk profiles. Significant inputs include:

• Transaction prices in both the underlying collateral and instruments with the same or similar underlying collateral;

• Market yields implied by transactions of similar or related assets;

• Cumulative loss expectations, driven by default rates, home price projections, residential property liquidation timelines, related costs and subsequent recoveries; and

• Duration, driven by underlying loan prepayment speeds and residential property liquidation timelines.

Corporate Loans and Debt Securities. Corporate loans and debt securities includes bank loans and bridge loans and corporate debt securities. Significant inputs are generally determined based on relative value analyses, which incorporate comparisons both to prices of credit default swaps that reference the same or similar underlying instrument or entity and to other debt instruments for the same issuer for which observable prices or broker quotations are available. Significant inputs include:

• Market yields implied by transactions of similar or related assets and/or current levels and trends of market indices such as CDX and LCDX (indices that track the performance of corporate credit and loans, respectively);

• Current performance and recovery assumptions and, where the firm uses credit default swaps to value the related cash instrument, the cost of borrowing the underlying reference obligation; and

• Duration.

Equities and Convertible Debentures. Equities and convertible debentures include private equity investments and investments in real estate. Recent third-party completed or pending transactions (e.g., merger proposals, tender offers, debt restructurings) are considered to be the best evidence for any change in fair value. When these are not available, the following valuation methodologies are used, as appropriate:

• Industry multiples (primarily EBITDA multiples) and public comparables;

• Transactions in similar instruments;

• Discounted cash flow techniques; and

• Third-party appraisals.

The firm also considers changes in the outlook for the relevant industry and financial performance of the issuer as compared to projected performance. Significant inputs include:

• Market and transaction multiples;

• Discount rates, growth rates and capitalization rates; and

• For equity instruments with debt-like features, market yields implied by transactions of similar or related assets, current performance and recovery assumptions, and duration.

Other Cash Instruments. Other cash instruments consists of non-U.S. government and agency obligations, state and municipal obligations, and other debt obligations. Significant inputs are generally determined based on relative value analyses, which incorporate comparisons both to prices of credit default swaps that reference the same or similar underlying instrument or entity and to other debt instruments for the same issuer for which observable prices or broker quotations are available. Significant inputs include:

• Market yields implied by transactions of similar or related assets and/or current levels and trends of market indices;

• Current performance and recovery assumptions and, where the firm uses credit default swaps to value the related cash instrument, the cost of borrowing the underlying reference obligation; and

• Duration.

Investments in Funds at Net Asset Value Per Share

Cash instruments at fair value include investments in funds that are measured at NAV of the investment fund. The firm uses NAV to measure the fair value of its fund investments when (i) the fund investment does not have a readily determinable fair value and (ii) the NAV of the investment fund is calculated in a manner consistent with the measurement principles of investment company accounting, including measurement of the investments at fair value.

Derivatives are reported on a net-by-counterparty basis (i.e., the net payable or receivable for derivative assets and liabilities for a given counterparty) when a legal right of setoff exists under an enforceable netting agreement (counterparty netting). Derivatives are accounted for at fair value, net of cash collateral received or posted under enforceable credit support agreements (cash collateral netting). Derivative assets and liabilities are included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value” and “Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value,” respectively. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on derivatives not designated as hedges under ASC 815 are included in “Market making” and “Other principal transactions” in Note 4.

Valuation Techniques for Derivatives

The firm’s level 2 and level 3 derivatives are valued using derivative pricing models (e.g., discounted cash flow models, correlation models, and models that incorporate option pricing methodologies, such as Monte Carlo simulations). Price transparency of derivatives can generally be characterized by product type, as described below.

• Interest Rate. In general, the key inputs used to value interest rate derivatives are transparent, even for most long-dated contracts. Interest rate swaps and options denominated in the currencies of leading industrialized nations are characterized by high trading volumes and tight bid/offer spreads. Interest rate derivatives that reference indices, such as an inflation index, or the shape of the yield curve (e.g., 10-year swap rate vs. 2-year swap rate) are more complex, but the key inputs are generally observable.

• Credit. Price transparency for credit default swaps, including both single names and baskets of credits, varies by market and underlying reference entity or obligation. Credit default swaps that reference indices, large corporates and major sovereigns generally exhibit the most price transparency. For credit default swaps with other underliers, price transparency varies based on credit rating, the cost of borrowing the underlying reference obligations, and the availability of the underlying reference obligations for delivery upon the default of the issuer. Credit default swaps that reference loans, asset-backed securities and emerging market debt instruments tend to have less price transparency than those that reference corporate bonds. In addition, more complex credit derivatives, such as those sensitive to the correlation between two or more underlying reference obligations, generally have less price transparency.

• Currency. Prices for currency derivatives based on the exchange rates of leading industrialized nations, including those with longer tenors, are generally transparent. The primary difference between the price transparency of developed and emerging market currency derivatives is that emerging markets tend to be observable for contracts with shorter tenors.

• Commodity. Commodity derivatives include transactions referenced to energy (e.g., oil and natural gas), metals (e.g., precious and base) and soft commodities (e.g., agricultural). Price transparency varies based on the underlying commodity, delivery location, tenor and product quality (e.g., diesel fuel compared to unleaded gasoline). In general, price transparency for commodity derivatives is greater for contracts with shorter tenors and contracts that are more closely aligned with major and/or benchmark commodity indices.

• Equity. Price transparency for equity derivatives varies by market and underlier. Options on indices and the common stock of corporates included in major equity indices exhibit the most price transparency. Equity derivatives generally have observable market prices, except for contracts with long tenors or reference prices that differ significantly from current market prices. More complex equity derivatives, such as those sensitive to the correlation between two or more individual stocks, generally have less price transparency.

Liquidity is essential to observability of all product types. If transaction volumes decline, previously transparent prices and other inputs may become unobservable. Conversely, even highly structured products may at times have trading volumes large enough to provide observability of prices and other inputs. See Note 5 for an overview of the firm’s fair value measurement policies.

Hedge Accounting, Policy

• If a derivative was transferred to level 3 during a reporting period, its entire gain or loss for the period is included in level 3. Transfers between levels are reported at the beginning of the reporting period in which they occur.

Hedge Accounting

The firm applies hedge accounting for (i) certain interest rate swaps used to manage the interest rate exposure of certain fixed-rate unsecured long-term and short-term borrowings and certain fixed-rate certificates of deposit and (ii) certain foreign currency forward contracts and foreign currency-denominated debt used to manage foreign currency exposures on the firm’s net investment in certain non-U.S. operations.

To qualify for hedge accounting, the hedging instrument must be highly effective at reducing the risk from the exposure being hedged. Additionally, the firm must formally document the hedging relationship at inception and test the hedging relationship at least on a quarterly basis to ensure the hedging instrument continues to be highly effective over the life of the hedging relationship.

Fair Value Hedges

The firm designates certain interest rate swaps as fair value hedges. These interest rate swaps hedge changes in fair value attributable to the designated benchmark interest rate (e.g., London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) or Overnight Index Swap Rate (OIS)), effectively converting a substantial portion of fixed-rate obligations into floating-rate obligations.

The firm applies a statistical method that utilizes regression analysis when assessing the effectiveness of its fair value hedging relationships in achieving offsetting changes in the fair values of the hedging instrument and the risk being hedged (i.e., interest rate risk). An interest rate swap is considered highly effective in offsetting changes in fair value attributable to changes in the hedged risk when the regression analysis results in a coefficient of determination of 80% or greater and a slope between 80% and 125%.

For qualifying fair value hedges, gains or losses on derivatives are included in “Interest expense.” The change in fair value of the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged is reported as an adjustment to its carrying value and is subsequently amortized into interest expense over its remaining life. Gains or losses resulting from hedge ineffectiveness are included in “Interest expense.” When a derivative is no longer designated as a hedge, any remaining difference between the carrying value and par value of the hedged item is amortized to interest expense over the remaining life of the hedged item using the effective interest method. See Note 23 for further information about interest income and interest expense.

Net Investment Hedges

The firm seeks to reduce the impact of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates on its net investments in certain non-U.S. operations through the use of foreign currency forward contracts and foreign currency-denominated debt. For foreign currency forward contracts designated as hedges, the effectiveness of the hedge is assessed based on the overall changes in the fair value of the forward contracts (i.e., based on changes in forward rates). For foreign currency-denominated debt designated as a hedge, the effectiveness of the hedge is assessed based on changes in spot rates.

For qualifying net investment hedges, the gains or losses on the hedging instruments, to the extent effective, are included in “Currency translation” in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Fair Value Option, Policy

Fair Value Option

In addition to all cash and derivative instruments included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value” and “Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value,” the firm accounts for certain of its other financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value primarily under the fair value option. The primary reasons for electing the fair value option are to:

• Reflect economic events in earnings on a timely basis;

• Mitigate volatility in earnings from using different measurement attributes (e.g., transfers of financial instruments owned accounted for as financings are recorded at fair value whereas the related secured financing would be recorded on an accrual basis absent electing the fair value option); and

• Address simplification and cost-benefit considerations (e.g., accounting for hybrid financial instruments at fair value in their entirety versus bifurcation of embedded derivatives and hedge accounting for debt hosts).

Hybrid financial instruments are instruments that contain bifurcatable embedded derivatives and do not require settlement by physical delivery of non-financial assets (e.g., physical commodities). If the firm elects to bifurcate the embedded derivative from the associated debt, the derivative is accounted for at fair value and the host contract is accounted for at amortized cost, adjusted for the effective portion of any fair value hedges. If the firm does not elect to bifurcate, the entire hybrid financial instrument is accounted for at fair value under the fair value option.

Loans Receivable, Policy

Loans Receivable

Loans receivable is comprised of loans held for investment that are accounted for at amortized cost net of allowance for loan losses. Interest on loans receivable is recognized over the life of the loan and is recorded on an accrual basis.

The firm also extends lending commitments that are held for investment and accounted for on an accrual basis. 

Loans receivable includes Purchased Credit Impaired (PCI) loans. PCI loans represent acquired loans or pools of loans with evidence of credit deterioration subsequent to their origination and where it is probable, at acquisition, that the firm will not be able to collect all contractually required payments. Loans acquired within the same reporting period, which have at least two common risk characteristics, one of which relates to their credit risk, are eligible to be pooled together and considered a single unit of account. PCI loans are initially recorded at acquisition price and the difference between the acquisition price and the expected cash flows (accretable yield) is recognized as interest income over the life of such loans or pools of loans on an effective yield method. Expected cash flows on PCI loans are determined using various inputs and assumptions, including default rates, loss severities, recoveries, amount and timing of prepayments and other macroeconomic indicators.

Loans receivable (excluding PCI loans) are determined to be impaired when it is probable that the firm will not be able to collect all principal and interest due under the contractual terms of the loan. At that time, loans are generally placed on non-accrual status and all accrued but uncollected interest is reversed against interest income, and interest subsequently collected is recognized on a cash basis to the extent the loan balance is deemed collectible. Otherwise, all cash received is used to reduce the outstanding loan balance. In certain circumstances, the firm may also modify the original terms of a loan agreement by granting a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. Such modifications are considered troubled debt restructurings and typically include interest rate reductions, payment extensions, and modification of loan covenants. Loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring are considered impaired and are subject to specific loan-level reserves.

The firm’s allowance for loan losses is comprised of specific loan-level reserves, portfolio level reserves, and reserves on PCI loans as described below:

• Specific loan-level reserves are determined on loans (excluding PCI loans) that exhibit credit quality weakness and are therefore individually evaluated for impairment.

• Portfolio level reserves are determined on loans (excluding PCI loans) not deemed impaired by aggregating groups of loans with similar risk characteristics and estimating the probable loss inherent in the portfolio.

• Reserves on PCI loans are recorded when it is determined that the expected cash flows, which are reassessed on a quarterly basis, will be lower than those used to establish the current effective yield for such loans or pools of loans. If the expected cash flows are determined to be significantly higher than those used to establish the current effective yield, such increases are initially recognized as a reduction to any previously recorded allowances for loan losses and any remaining increases are recognized as interest income prospectively over the life of the loan or pools of loans as an increase to the effective yield.

The allowance for loan losses is determined using various inputs, including industry default and loss data, current macroeconomic indicators, borrower’s capacity to meet its financial obligations, borrower’s country of risk, loan seniority and collateral type. Management’s estimate of loan losses entails judgment about loan collectability at the reporting dates, and there are uncertainties inherent in those judgments. While management uses the best information available to determine this estimate, future adjustments to the allowance may be necessary based on, among other things, changes in the economic environment or variances between actual results and the original assumptions used. Loans are charged off against the allowance for loan losses when deemed to be uncollectible. As of December 2016 and December 2015, substantially all of the firm’s loans receivable were evaluated for impairment at the portfolio level.

Collateralized Agreements and Financings, Policy

Collateralized agreements and financings are presented on a net-by-counterparty basis when a legal right of setoff exists. Interest on collateralized agreements and collateralized financings is recognized over the life of the transaction and included in “Interest income” and “Interest expense,” respectively. See Note 23 for further information about interest income and interest expense.

Even though repurchase and resale agreements (including “repos- and reverses-to-maturity”) involve the legal transfer of ownership of financial instruments, they are accounted for as financing arrangements because they require the financial instruments to be repurchased or resold before or at the maturity of the agreement. The financial instruments purchased or sold in resale and repurchase agreements typically include U.S. government and federal agency, and investment-grade sovereign obligations.

The firm has elected to apply the fair value option to substantially all other secured financings because the use of fair value eliminates non-economic volatility in earnings that would arise from using different measurement attributes.

Other secured financings that are not recorded at fair value are recorded based on the amount of cash received plus accrued interest, which generally approximates fair value.

• Short-term secured financings include financings maturing within one year of the financial statement date and financings that are redeemable within one year of the financial statement date at the option of the holder.

• Long-term secured financings that are repayable prior to maturity at the option of the firm are reflected at their contractual maturity dates.

• Long-term secured financings that are redeemable prior to maturity at the option of the holder are reflected at the earliest dates such options become exercisable.

Securitization Activities, Policy

The firm accounts for a securitization as a sale when it has relinquished control over the transferred assets. Prior to securitization, the firm accounts for assets pending transfer at fair value and therefore does not typically recognize significant gains or losses upon the transfer of assets. Net revenues from underwriting activities are recognized in connection with the sales of the underlying beneficial interests to investors.

For transfers of assets that are not accounted for as sales, the assets remain in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value” and the transfer is accounted for as a collateralized financing, with the related interest expense recognized over the life of the transaction. See Notes 10 and 23 for further information about collateralized financings and interest expense, respectively.

Consolidation, Variable Interest Entity, Policy

VIE Consolidation Analysis

The enterprise with a controlling financial interest in a VIE is known as the primary beneficiary and consolidates the VIE. The firm determines whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE by performing an analysis that principally considers:

• Which variable interest holder has the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance;

• Which variable interest holder has the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE;

• The VIE’s purpose and design, including the risks the VIE was designed to create and pass through to its variable interest holders;

• The VIE’s capital structure;

• The terms between the VIE and its variable interest holders and other parties involved with the VIE; and

• Related-party relationships.

The firm reassesses its initial evaluation of whether an entity is a VIE when certain reconsideration events occur. The firm reassesses its determination of whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE on an ongoing basis based on current facts and circumstances.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy

Substantially all property and equipment is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the asset. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the improvement or the term of the lease, whichever is shorter. Capitalized costs of software developed or obtained for internal use are amortized on a straight-line basis over three years.

Substantially all of the firm’s identifiable intangible assets are considered to have finite useful lives and are amortized over their estimated useful lives generally using the straight-line method.

Impairments

The firm tests property, leasehold improvements and equipment, identifiable intangible assets and other assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances suggest that an asset’s or asset group’s carrying value may not be fully recoverable. To the extent the carrying value of an asset exceeds the projected undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposal of the asset or asset group, the firm determines the asset is impaired and records an impairment equal to the difference between the estimated fair value and the carrying value of the asset or asset group. In addition, the firm will recognize an impairment prior to the sale of an asset if the carrying value of the asset exceeds its estimated fair value.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Policy

Goodwill. Goodwill is the cost of acquired companies in excess of the fair value of net assets, including identifiable intangible assets, at the acquisition date.

Goodwill is assessed for impairment annually in the fourth quarter or more frequently if events occur or circumstances change that indicate an impairment may exist. When assessing goodwill for impairment, first, qualitative factors are assessed to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the results of the qualitative assessment are not conclusive, a quantitative goodwill test is performed. The quantitative goodwill test consists of two steps:

• The first step compares the estimated fair value of each reporting unit with its estimated net book value (including goodwill and identifiable intangible assets). If the reporting unit’s estimated fair value exceeds its estimated net book value, goodwill is not impaired. To estimate the fair value of each reporting unit, a relative value technique is used because the firm believes market participants would use this technique to value the firm’s reporting units. The relative value technique applies observable price-to-earnings multiples or price-to-book multiples and projected return on equity of comparable competitors to reporting units’ net earnings or net book value. The net book value of each reporting unit reflects an allocation of total shareholders’ equity and represents the estimated amount of total shareholders’ equity required to support the activities of the reporting unit under currently applicable regulatory capital requirements.

• If the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is less than its estimated net book value, the second step of the goodwill test is performed to measure the amount of impairment, if any. An impairment is equal to the excess of the carrying amount of goodwill over its fair value.

Deposits, Policy

The firm’s savings and demand deposits are recorded based on the amount of cash received plus accrued interest.

Debt, Policy

Unsecured short-term borrowings include the portion of unsecured long-term borrowings maturing within one year of the financial statement date and unsecured long-term borrowings that are redeemable within one year of the financial statement date at the option of the holder.

• Unsecured long-term borrowings maturing within one year of the financial statement date and unsecured long-term borrowings that are redeemable within one year of the financial statement date at the option of the holder are excluded as they are included as unsecured short-term borrowings.

• Unsecured long-term borrowings that are repayable prior to maturity at the option of the firm are reflected at their contractual maturity dates.

• Unsecured long-term borrowings that are redeemable prior to maturity at the option of the holder are reflected at the earliest dates such options become exercisable.

Commitments to Extend Credit, Policy

As of December 2016 and December 2015, $98.05 billion and $93.92 billion, respectively, of the firm’s lending commitments were held for investment and were accounted for on an accrual basis. See Note 9 for further information about such commitments. In addition, as of December 2016 and December 2015, $6.87 billion and $9.92 billion, respectively, of the firm’s lending commitments were held for sale and were accounted for at the lower of cost or fair value.

The firm accounts for the remaining commitments to extend credit at fair value. Losses, if any, are generally recorded, net of any fees in “Other principal transactions.”

Property, Plant and Equipment, Operating Lease Policy

Operating leases include office space held in excess of current requirements. Rent expense relating to space held for growth is included in “Occupancy.” The firm records a liability, based on the fair value of the remaining lease rentals reduced by any potential or existing sublease rentals, for leases where the firm has ceased using the space and management has concluded that the firm will not derive any future economic benefits. Costs to terminate a lease before the end of its term are recognized and measured at fair value on termination.

Derivative Guarantees, Policy

The firm enters into various derivatives that meet the definition of a guarantee under U.S. GAAP, including written equity and commodity put options, written currency contracts and interest rate caps, floors and swaptions.

Disclosures about derivatives are not required if they may be cash settled and the firm has no basis to conclude it is probable that the counterparties held the underlying instruments at inception of the contract. The firm has concluded that these conditions have been met for certain large, internationally active commercial and investment bank counterparties, central clearing counterparties and certain other counterparties.

Earnings Per Share Policy

Basic earnings per common share (EPS) is calculated by dividing net earnings applicable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and RSUs for which no future service is required as a condition to the delivery of the underlying common stock (collectively, basic shares). Diluted EPS includes the determinants of basic EPS and, in addition, reflects the dilutive effect of the common stock deliverable for stock options and for RSUs for which future service is required as a condition to the delivery of the underlying common stock.

Interest Income and Interest Expense, Policy

Interest is recorded over the life of the instrument on an accrual basis based on contractual interest rates.

Income Tax, Policy

Provision for Income Taxes

Income taxes are provided for using the asset and liability method under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. The firm reports interest expense related to income tax matters in “Provision for taxes” and income tax penalties in “Other expenses.”

Deferred Income Taxes

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. These temporary differences result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years and are measured using the tax rates and laws that will be in effect when such differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are established to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that more likely than not will be realized and primarily relate to the ability to utilize losses in various tax jurisdictions. Tax assets and liabilities are presented as a component of “Other assets” and “Other liabilities and accrued expenses,” respectively.

Unrecognized Tax Benefits

The firm recognizes tax positions in the consolidated financial statements only when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on examination by the relevant taxing authority based on the technical merits of the position. A position that meets this standard is measured at the largest amount of benefit that will more likely than not be realized on settlement. A liability is established for differences between positions taken in a tax return and amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements.

Business Segments, Policy

The firm allocates assets (including allocations of global core liquid assets and cash, secured client financing and other assets), revenues and expenses among the four business segments. Due to the integrated nature of these segments, estimates and judgments are made in allocating certain assets, revenues and expenses. The allocation process is based on the manner in which management currently views the performance of the segments. Transactions between segments are based on specific criteria or approximate third-party rates.

Share-based Compensation, Policy

The cost of employee services received in exchange for a share-based award is generally measured based on the grant-date fair value of the award. Share-based awards that do not require future service (i.e., vested awards, including awards granted to retirement-eligible employees) are expensed immediately. Share-based awards that require future service are amortized over the relevant service period. Expected forfeitures are included in determining share-based employee compensation expense.

The firm pays cash dividend equivalents on outstanding RSUs. Dividend equivalents paid on RSUs are generally charged to retained earnings. Dividend equivalents paid on RSUs expected to be forfeited are included in compensation expense. The firm accounts for the tax benefit related to dividend equivalents paid on RSUs as an increase to additional paid-in capital.

The firm generally issues new shares of common stock upon delivery of share-based awards. In certain cases, primarily related to conflicted employment (as outlined in the applicable award agreements), the firm may cash settle share-based compensation awards accounted for as equity instruments. For these awards, whose terms allow for cash settlement, additional paid-in capital is adjusted to the extent of the difference between the value of the award at the time of cash settlement and the grant-date value of the award.

The firm grants RSUs to employees under the 2015 SIP, which are valued based on the closing price of the underlying shares on the date of grant after taking into account a liquidity discount for any applicable post-vesting and delivery transfer restrictions.

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Financial Instruments Owned, at Fair Value and Financial Instruments Sold, But Not Yet Purchased, at Fair Value (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Text Block [Abstract]

Financial Instruments Owned and Financial Instruments Sold, But Not Yet Purchased

The table below presents the firm’s financial instruments owned, at fair value, and financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value.

$ in millions	Financial Instruments Owned	Financial Instruments Sold, But Not Yet Purchased
As of December 2016
Money market instruments	$    1,319	$          —
U.S. government and federal agency obligations	57,657	16,627
Non-U.S. government and agency obligations	29,381	20,502
Loans and securities backed by:
Commercial real estate	3,842	—
Residential real estate	12,195	3
Corporate loans and debt securities	28,659	6,570
State and municipal obligations	1,059	—
Other debt obligations	1,358	1
Equities and convertible debentures	94,692	25,941
Commodities	5,653	—
Investments in funds at NAV	6,465	—
Subtotal	242,280	69,644
Derivatives	53,672	47,499
Total	$295,952	$117,143
As of December 2015
Money market instruments	$    4,683	$          —
U.S. government and federal agency obligations	63,844	15,516
Non-U.S. government and agency obligations	31,772	14,973
Loans and securities backed by:
Commercial real estate	4,975	4
Residential real estate	13,183	2
Corporate loans and debt securities	28,804	6,584
State and municipal obligations	992	2
Other debt obligations	1,595	2
Equities and convertible debentures	98,072	31,394
Commodities	3,935	—
Investments in funds at NAV	7,757	—
Subtotal	259,612	68,477
Derivatives	53,890	46,771
Total	$313,502	$115,248

Gains and Losses from Market Making and Other Principal Transactions

The table below presents “Market making” revenues by major product type, as well as “Other principal transactions” revenues.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015		2014
Product Type
Interest rates		$ (1,979	)	$ (1,360	)	$ (5,316	)
Credit		1,854		920		2,982
Currencies		6,158		3,345		6,566
Equities		2,873		5,515		2,683
Commodities		1,027		1,103		1,450
Market making		9,933		9,523		8,365
Other principal transactions		3,200		5,018		6,588
Total		$13,133		$14,541		$14,953

In the table above:

• Gains/(losses) include both realized and unrealized gains and losses, and are primarily related to the firm’s financial instruments owned, at fair value and financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value, including both derivative and non-derivative financial instruments.

• Gains/(losses) exclude related interest income and interest expense. See Note 23 for further information about interest income and interest expense.

• Gains/(losses) on other principal transactions are included in the firm’s Investing & Lending segment. See Note 25 for net revenues, including net interest income, by product type for Investing & Lending, as well as the amount of net interest income included in Investing & Lending.

• Gains/(losses) are not representative of the manner in which the firm manages its business activities because many of the firm’s market-making and client facilitation strategies utilize financial instruments across various product types. Accordingly, gains or losses in one product type frequently offset gains or losses in other product types. For example, most of the firm’s longer-term derivatives across product types are sensitive to changes in interest rates and may be economically hedged with interest rate swaps. Similarly, a significant portion of the firm’s cash instruments and derivatives across product types has exposure to foreign currencies and may be economically hedged with foreign currency contracts.

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Financial Assets Liabilities Summary

The table below presents financial assets and financial liabilities accounted for at fair value under the fair value option or in accordance with other U.S. GAAP. Counterparty and cash collateral netting represents the impact on derivatives of netting across levels of the fair value hierarchy. Netting among positions classified in the same level is included in that level.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Total level 1 financial assets		$135,401		$153,051
Total level 2 financial assets		419,585		432,445
Total level 3 financial assets		23,280		24,046
Investments in funds at NAV		6,465		7,757
Counterparty and cash collateral netting		(87,038	)	(90,612	)
Total financial assets at fair value		$497,693		$526,687
Total assets		$860,165		$861,395
Total level 3 financial assets divided by:
Total assets		2.7%		2.8%
Total financial assets at fair value		4.7%		4.6%
Total level 1 financial liabilities		$  62,504		$  59,798
Total level 2 financial liabilities		232,027		245,759
Total level 3 financial liabilities		21,448		16,812
Counterparty and cash collateral netting		(44,695	)	(41,430	)
Total financial liabilities at fair value		$271,284		$280,939
Total level 3 financial liabilities divided by total financial liabilities at fair value		7.9%		6.0%

Total Level 3 Financial Assets

The table below presents a summary of level 3 financial assets.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Cash instruments		$  18,035	$  18,131
Derivatives		5,190	5,870
Other financial assets		55	45
Total		$  23,280	$  24,046

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Cash Instruments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Text Block [Abstract]

Cash Instruments by Level

The tables below present cash instrument assets and liabilities at fair value by level within the fair value hierarchy. In the tables below:

• Cash instrument assets and liabilities are included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value” and “Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value,” respectively.

• Cash instrument assets are shown as positive amounts and cash instrument liabilities are shown as negative amounts.

	As of December 2016
$ in millions		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Money market instruments		$       188		$  1,131		$       —		$    1,319
U.S. government and federal agency obligations		35,254		22,403		—		57,657
Non-U.S. government and agency obligations		22,433		6,933		15		29,381
Loans and securities backed by:
Commercial real estate		—		2,197		1,645		3,842
Residential real estate		—		11,350		845		12,195
Corporate loans and debt securities		215		23,804		4,640		28,659
State and municipal obligations		—		960		99		1,059
Other debt obligations		—		830		528		1,358
Equities and convertible debentures		77,276		7,153		10,263		94,692
Commodities		—		5,653		—		5,653
Subtotal		$135,366		$82,414		$18,035		$235,815
Investments in funds at NAV								6,465
Total cash instrument assets								$242,280
Liabilities
U.S. government and federal agency obligations		$ (16,615	)	$      (12	)	$       —		$ (16,627	)
Non-U.S. government and agency obligations		(19,137	)	(1,364	)	(1	)	(20,502	)
Loans and securities backed by residential real estate		—		(3	)	—		(3	)
Corporate loans and debt securities		(2	)	(6,524	)	(44	)	(6,570	)
Other debt obligations		—		(1	)	—		(1	)
Equities and convertible debentures		(25,768	)	(156	)	(17	)	(25,941	)
Total cash instrument liabilities		$ (61,522	)	$ (8,060	)	$      (62	)	$ (69,644	)
	As of December 2015
$ in millions		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Money market instruments		$    2,725		$  1,958		$       —		$    4,683
U.S. government and federal agency obligations		42,306		21,538		—		63,844
Non-U.S. government and agency obligations		26,500		5,260		12		31,772
Loans and securities backed by:
Commercial real estate		—		3,051		1,924		4,975
Residential real estate		—		11,418		1,765		13,183
Corporate loans and debt securities		218		23,344		5,242		28,804
State and municipal obligations		—		891		101		992
Other debt obligations		—		1,057		538		1,595
Equities and convertible debentures		81,252		8,271		8,549		98,072
Commodities		—		3,935		—		3,935
Subtotal		$153,001		$80,723		$18,131		$251,855
Investments in funds at NAV								7,757
Total cash instrument assets								$259,612
Liabilities
U.S. government and federal agency obligations		$ (15,455	)	$      (61	)	$       —		$ (15,516	)
Non-U.S. government and agency obligations		(13,522	)	(1,451	)	—		(14,973	)
Loans and securities backed by:
Commercial real estate		—		(4	)	—		(4	)
Residential real estate		—		(2	)	—		(2	)
Corporate loans and debt securities		(2	)	(6,456	)	(126	)	(6,584	)
State and municipal obligations		—		(2	)	—		(2	)
Other debt obligations		—		(1	)	(1	)	(2	)
Equities and convertible debentures		(30,790	)	(538	)	(66	)	(31,394	)
Total cash instrument liabilities		$ (59,769	)	$ (8,515	)	$    (193	)	$ (68,477	)

In the tables above:

• Total cash instrument assets include collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) and collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) backed by real estate and corporate obligations of $461 million and $405 million in level 2, and $624 million and $774 million in level 3 as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively.

• Level 3 equities and convertible debenture assets include $9.44 billion and $7.69 billion of private equity investments, $374 million and $308 million of investments in real estate entities, and $451 million and $552 million of convertible debentures as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively.

• Money market instruments include commercial paper, certificates of deposit and time deposits.

Fair Value, Cash Instruments, Measurement Inputs, Disclosure

The table below presents the amount of level 3 assets, and ranges and weighted averages of significant unobservable inputs used to value the firm’s level 3 cash instruments.

	Level 3 Assets and Range of Significant Unobservable Inputs (Weighted Average) as of December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Loans and securities backed by commercial real estate
Level 3 assets		$1,645		$1,924
Yield		3.7% to 23.0% (13.0%	)	3.5% to 22.0% (11.8%	)
Recovery rate		8.9% to 99.0% (60.6%	)	19.6% to 96.5% (59.4%	)
Duration (years)		0.8 to 6.2 (2.1	)	0.3 to 5.3 (2.3	)
Basis (points)		N/A		(11) to 4 ((2)	)
Loans and securities backed by residential real estate
Level 3 assets		$845		$1,765
Yield		0.8% to 15.6% (8.7%	)	3.2% to 17.0% (7.9%	)
Cumulative loss rate		8.9% to 47.1% (24.2%	)	4.6% to 44.2% (27.3%	)
Duration (years)		1.1 to 16.1 (7.3	)	1.5 to 13.8 (7.0	)
Corporate loans and debt securities
Level 3 assets		$4,640		$5,242
Yield		2.5% to 25.0% (10.3%	)	1.6% to 36.6% (10.7%	)
Recovery rate		0.0% to 85.0% (56.5%	)	0.0% to 85.6% (54.8%	)
Duration (years)		0.6 to 15.7 (2.9	)	0.7 to 6.1 (2.5	)
Equities and convertible debentures
Level 3 assets		$10,263		$8,549
Multiples		0.8x to 19.7x (6.8x	)	0.7x to 21.4x (6.4x	)
Discount rate/yield		6.5% to 25.0% (16.0%	)	7.1% to 20.0% (14.8%	)
Growth rate		N/A		3.0% to 5.2% (4.5%	)
Capitalization rate		4.2% to 12.5% (6.8%	)	5.5% to 12.5% (7.6%	)
Other cash instruments
Level 3 assets		$642		$651
Yield		1.9% to 14.0% (8.8%	)	0.9% to 17.9% (8.7%	)
Recovery rate		0.0% to 93.0% (61.4%	)	2.7% to 35.5% (25.0%	)
Duration (years)		0.9 to 12.0 (4.3	)	1.1 to 11.4 (7.0	)

In the table above:

• Ranges represent the significant unobservable inputs that were used in the valuation of each type of cash instrument.

• Weighted averages are calculated by weighting each input by the relative fair value of the cash instruments.

• The ranges and weighted averages of these inputs are not representative of the appropriate inputs to use when calculating the fair value of any one cash instrument. For example, the highest multiple for private equity investments is appropriate for valuing a specific private equity investment but may not be appropriate for valuing any other private equity investment. Accordingly, the ranges of inputs do not represent uncertainty in, or possible ranges of, fair value measurements of the firm’s level 3 cash instruments.

• Increases in yield, discount rate, capitalization rate, duration or cumulative loss rate used in the valuation of the firm’s level 3 cash instruments would result in a lower fair value measurement, while increases in recovery rate, basis, multiples or growth rate would result in a higher fair value measurement. Due to the distinctive nature of each of the firm’s level 3 cash instruments, the interrelationship of inputs is not necessarily uniform within each product type.

• Equities and convertible debentures include private equity investments and investments in real estate entities. Growth rate includes long-term growth rate and compound annual growth rate.

• Basis (points) and growth rate were not significant to the valuation of level 3 assets as of December 2016.

• Loans and securities backed by commercial and residential real estate, corporate loans and debt securities and other cash instruments are valued using discounted cash flows, and equities and convertible debentures are valued using market comparables and discounted cash flows.

• The fair value of any one instrument may be determined using multiple valuation techniques. For example, market comparables and discounted cash flows may be used together to determine fair value. Therefore, the level 3 balance encompasses both of these techniques.

Cash Instruments, Level 3 Rollforward

The table below presents a summary of the changes in fair value for level 3 cash instrument assets and liabilities. In the table below:

• Changes in fair value are presented for all cash instrument assets and liabilities that are categorized as level 3 as of the end of the period.

• Net unrealized gains/(losses) relate to instruments that were still held at period-end.

• Purchases include originations and secondary purchases.

• If a cash instrument asset or liability was transferred to level 3 during a reporting period, its entire gain or loss for the period is included in level 3. For level 3 cash instrument assets, increases are shown as positive amounts, while decreases are shown as negative amounts. For level 3 cash instrument liabilities, increases are shown as negative amounts, while decreases are shown as positive amounts.

• Level 3 cash instruments are frequently economically hedged with level 1 and level 2 cash instruments and/or level 1, level 2 or level 3 derivatives. Accordingly, gains or losses that are reported in level 3 can be partially offset by gains or losses attributable to level 1 or level 2 cash instruments and/or level 1, level 2 or level 3 derivatives. As a result, gains or losses included in the level 3 rollforward below do not necessarily represent the overall impact on the firm’s results of operations, liquidity or capital resources.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Total cash instrument assets
Beginning balance		$18,131		$28,650
Net realized gains/(losses)		574		957
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		397		701
Purchases		3,072		3,840
Sales		(2,326	)	(3,842	)
Settlements		(3,503	)	(6,472	)
Transfers into level 3		3,405		1,798
Transfers out of level 3		(1,715	)	(7,501	)
Ending balance		$18,035		$18,131
Total cash instrument liabilities
Beginning balance		$    (193	)	$    (244	)
Net realized gains/(losses)		20		(28	)
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		19		(21	)
Purchases		91		205
Sales		(49	)	(38	)
Settlements		(7	)	(14	)
Transfers into level 3		(12	)	(116	)
Transfers out of level 3		69		63
Ending balance		$      (62	)	$    (193	)

The table below disaggregates, by product type, the information for cash instrument assets included in the summary table above.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Loans and securities backed by commercial real estate
Beginning balance		$  1,924		$  3,275
Net realized gains/(losses)		60		120
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		(19	)	44
Purchases		331		566
Sales		(320	)	(598	)
Settlements		(617	)	(1,569	)
Transfers into level 3		510		351
Transfers out of level 3		(224	)	(265	)
Ending balance		$  1,645		$  1,924
Loans and securities backed by residential real estate
Beginning balance		$  1,765		$  2,545
Net realized gains/(losses)		60		150
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		26		34
Purchases		298		564
Sales		(791	)	(609	)
Settlements		(278	)	(327	)
Transfers into level 3		73		188
Transfers out of level 3		(308	)	(780	)
Ending balance		$     845		$  1,765
Corporate loans and debt securities
Beginning balance		$  5,242		$10,606
Net realized gains/(losses)		261		406
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		34		(234	)
Purchases		1,078		1,279
Sales		(645	)	(1,668	)
Settlements		(1,823	)	(3,152	)
Transfers into level 3		1,023		752
Transfers out of level 3		(530	)	(2,747	)
Ending balance		$  4,640		$  5,242
Equities and convertible debentures
Beginning balance		$  8,549		$11,108
Net realized gains/(losses)		158		251
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		371		844
Purchases		1,122		1,295
Sales		(412	)	(744	)
Settlements		(634	)	(1,193	)
Transfers into level 3		1,732		466
Transfers out of level 3		(623	)	(3,478	)
Ending balance		$10,263		$  8,549
Other cash instruments
Beginning balance		$     651		$  1,116
Net realized gains/(losses)		35		30
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		(15	)	13
Purchases		243		136
Sales		(158	)	(223	)
Settlements		(151	)	(231	)
Transfers into level 3		67		41
Transfers out of level 3		(30	)	(231	)
Ending balance		$     642		$     651

Investments in Funds that are Calculated Using Net Asset Value Per Share

The table below presents the fair value of the firm’s investments in funds at NAV and related unfunded commitments.

$ in millions	Fair Value of Investments	Unfunded Commitments
As of December 2016
Private equity funds	$4,628	$1,393
Credit funds	421	166
Hedge funds	410	—
Real estate funds	1,006	272
Total	$6,465	$1,831
As of December 2015
Private equity funds	$5,414	$2,057
Credit funds	611	344
Hedge funds	560	—
Real estate funds	1,172	296
Total	$7,757	$2,697

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Derivatives and Hedging Activities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Fair Value of Derivatives on a Gross Basis

The tables below present the gross fair value and the notional amount of derivative contracts by major product type, the amounts of counterparty and cash collateral netting in the consolidated statements of financial condition, as well as cash and securities collateral posted and received under enforceable credit support agreements that do not meet the criteria for netting under U.S. GAAP.

	As of December 2016					As of December 2015
$ in millions		Derivative Assets		Derivative Liabilities			Derivative Assets		Derivative Liabilities
Not accounted for as hedges
Exchange-traded		$        443		$        382			$        310		$        280
OTC-cleared		189,471		168,946			211,272		192,401
Bilateral OTC		309,037		289,491			345,516		321,458
Total interest rates		498,951		458,819			557,098		514,139
OTC-cleared		4,837		4,811			5,203		5,596
Bilateral OTC		21,530		18,770			35,679		31,179
Total credit		26,367		23,581			40,882		36,775
Exchange-traded		36		176			183		204
OTC-cleared		796		798			165		128
Bilateral OTC		111,032		106,318			96,660		99,235
Total currencies		111,864		107,292			97,008		99,567
Exchange-traded		3,219		3,187			2,997		3,623
OTC-cleared		189		197			232		233
Bilateral OTC		8,945		10,487			17,445		17,215
Total commodities		12,353		13,871			20,674		21,071
Exchange-traded		8,576		8,064			9,372		7,908
Bilateral OTC		39,516		45,826			37,788		38,290
Total equities		48,092		53,890			47,160		46,198
Subtotal		697,627		657,453			762,822		717,750
Accounted for as hedges
OTC-cleared		4,347		156			4,567		85
Bilateral OTC		4,180		10			6,660		20
Total interest rates		8,527		166			11,227		105
OTC-cleared		30		40			24		6
Bilateral OTC		55		64			116		27
Total currencies		85		104			140		33
Subtotal		8,612		270			11,367		138
Total gross fair value		$ 706,239		$ 657,723			$ 774,189		$ 717,888
Offset in the consolidated statements of financial condition
Exchange-traded		$    (9,727	)	$    (9,727	)		$    (9,398	)	$    (9,398	)
OTC-cleared		(171,864	)	(171,864	)		(194,928	)	(194,928	)
Bilateral OTC		(385,647	)	(385,647	)		(426,841	)	(426,841	)
Total counterparty netting		(567,238	)	(567,238	)		(631,167	)	(631,167	)
OTC-cleared		(27,560	)	(2,940	)		(26,151	)	(3,305	)
Bilateral OTC		(57,769	)	(40,046	)		(62,981	)	(36,645	)
Total cash collateral netting		(85,329	)	(42,986	)		(89,132	)	(39,950	)
Total amounts offset		$(652,567	)	$(610,224	)		$(720,299	)	$(671,117	)
Included in the consolidated statements of financial condition
Exchange-traded		$     2,547		$     2,082			$     3,464		$     2,617
OTC-cleared		246		144			384		216
Bilateral OTC		50,879		45,273			50,042		43,938
Total		$   53,672		$   47,499			$   53,890		$   46,771
Not offset in the consolidated statements of financial condition
Cash collateral		$       (535	)	$    (2,085	)		$       (498	)	$    (1,935	)
Securities collateral		(15,518	)	(10,224	)		(14,008	)	(10,044	)
Total		$   37,619		$   35,190			$   39,384		$   34,792

	Notional Amounts as of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Not accounted for as hedges
Exchange-traded		$  4,425,532	$  4,402,843
OTC-cleared		16,646,145	20,738,687
Bilateral OTC		11,131,442	12,953,830
Total interest rates		32,203,119	38,095,360
OTC-cleared		378,432	339,244
Bilateral OTC		1,045,913	1,552,806
Total credit		1,424,345	1,892,050
Exchange-traded		13,800	13,073
OTC-cleared		62,799	14,617
Bilateral OTC		5,576,748	5,461,940
Total currencies		5,653,347	5,489,630
Exchange-traded		227,707	203,465
OTC-cleared		3,506	2,839
Bilateral OTC		196,899	230,750
Total commodities		428,112	437,054
Exchange-traded		605,335	528,419
Bilateral OTC		959,112	927,078
Total equities		1,564,447	1,455,497
Subtotal		41,273,370	47,369,591
Accounted for as hedges
OTC-cleared		55,328	51,446
Bilateral OTC		36,607	62,022
Total interest rates		91,935	113,468
OTC-cleared		1,703	1,333
Bilateral OTC		8,544	8,615
Total currencies		10,247	9,948
Subtotal		102,182	123,416
Total notional amount		$41,375,552	$47,493,007

In the tables above:

• Gross fair values exclude the effects of both counterparty netting and collateral, and therefore are not representative of the firm’s exposure.

• Where the firm has received or posted collateral under credit support agreements, but has not yet determined such agreements are enforceable, the related collateral has not been netted.

• Notional amounts, which represent the sum of gross long and short derivative contracts, provide an indication of the volume of the firm’s derivative activity and do not represent anticipated losses.

• Total gross fair value of derivatives includes derivative assets and derivative liabilities of $19.92 billion and $20.79 billion, respectively, as of December 2016, and derivative assets and derivative liabilities of $17.09 billion and $18.16 billion, respectively, as of December 2015, which are not subject to an enforceable netting agreement or are subject to a netting agreement that the firm has not yet determined to be enforceable.

Fair Value of Derivatives by Level

The tables below present the fair value of derivatives on a gross basis by level and major product type as well as the impact of netting, included in the consolidated statements of financial condition.

	As of December 2016
$ in millions		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Interest rates		$   46		$ 506,818		$    614		$  507,478
Credit		—		21,388		4,979		26,367
Currencies		—		111,762		187		111,949
Commodities		—		11,950		403		12,353
Equities		1		47,667		424		48,092
Gross fair value		47		699,585		6,607		706,239
Counterparty netting within levels		(12	)	(564,100	)	(1,417	)	(565,529	)
Subtotal		$   35		$ 135,485		$ 5,190		$  140,710
Cross-level counterparty netting								(1,709	)
Cash collateral netting								(85,329	)
Net fair value								$    53,672
Liabilities
Interest rates		$  (27	)	$(457,963	)	$   (995	)	$ (458,985	)
Credit		—		(21,106	)	(2,475	)	(23,581	)
Currencies		—		(107,212	)	(184	)	(107,396	)
Commodities		—		(13,541	)	(330	)	(13,871	)
Equities		(967	)	(49,083	)	(3,840	)	(53,890	)
Gross fair value		(994	)	(648,905	)	(7,824	)	(657,723	)
Counterparty netting within levels		12		564,100		1,417		565,529
Subtotal		$(982	)	$  (84,805	)	$(6,407	)	$   (92,194	)
Cross-level counterparty netting								1,709
Cash collateral netting								42,986
Net fair value								$   (47,499	)
	As of December 2015
$ in millions		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Interest rates		$     4		$ 567,761		$    560		$  568,325
Credit		—		34,832		6,050		40,882
Currencies		—		96,959		189		97,148
Commodities		—		20,087		587		20,674
Equities		46		46,491		623		47,160
Gross fair value		50		766,130		8,009		774,189
Counterparty netting within levels		—		(627,548	)	(2,139	)	(629,687	)
Subtotal		$   50		$ 138,582		$ 5,870		$  144,502
Cross-level counterparty netting								(1,480	)
Cash collateral netting								(89,132	)
Net fair value								$    53,890
Liabilities
Interest rates		$  (11	)	$(513,275	)	$   (958	)	$ (514,244	)
Credit		—		(33,518	)	(3,257	)	(36,775	)
Currencies		—		(99,377	)	(223	)	(99,600	)
Commodities		—		(20,222	)	(849	)	(21,071	)
Equities		(18	)	(43,953	)	(2,227	)	(46,198	)
Gross fair value		(29	)	(710,345	)	(7,514	)	(717,888	)
Counterparty netting within levels		—		627,548		2,139		629,687
Subtotal		$  (29	)	$  (82,797	)	$(5,375	)	$   (88,201	)
Cross-level counterparty netting								1,480
Cash collateral netting								39,950
Net fair value								$   (46,771	)

Fair Value, Derivatives, Measurement Inputs, Disclosure

The table below presents the amount of level 3 assets (liabilities), and ranges, averages and medians of significant unobservable inputs used to value the firm’s level 3 derivatives.

	Level 3 Assets (Liabilities) and Range of Significant Unobservable Inputs (Average/Median) as of December
$ in millions	2016	2015
Interest rates, net	$(381)	$(398)
Correlation	(10)% to 86% (56%/60%)	(25)% to 92% (53%/55%)
Volatility (bps)	31 to 151 (84/57)	31 to 152 (84/57)
Credit, net	$2,504	$2,793
Correlation	35% to 91% (65%/68%)	46% to 99% (68%/66%)
Credit spreads (bps)	1 to 993 (122/73)	1 to 1,019 (129/86)
Upfront credit points	0 to 100 (43/35)	0 to 100 (41/40)
Recovery rates	1% to 97% (58%/70%)	2% to 97% (58%/70%)
Currencies, net	$3	$(34)
Correlation	25% to 70% (50%/55%)	25% to 70% (50%/51%)
Commodities, net	$73	$(262)
Volatility	13% to 68% (33%/33%)	11% to 77% (35%/34%)
Natural gas spread	$(1.81) to $4.33 ($(0.14)/$(0.05))	$(1.32) to $4.15 ($(0.05)/$(0.01))
Oil spread	$(19.72) to $64.92 ($25.30/$16.43)	$(10.64) to $65.29 ($3.34/$(3.31))
Equities, net	$(3,416)	$(1,604)
Correlation	(39)% to 88% (41%/41%)	(65)% to 94% (42%/48%)
Volatility	5% to 72% (24%/23%)	5% to 76% (24%/23%)

Fair Value of Derivatives, Level 3 Rollforward

The table below presents a summary of the changes in fair value for all level 3 derivatives. In the table below:

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Total level 3 derivatives
Beginning balance		$    495		$    706
Net realized gains/(losses)		(37	)	67
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		777		679
Purchases		115		240
Sales		(3,557	)	(1,864	)
Settlements		782		1,498
Transfers into level 3		352		(4	)
Transfers out of level 3		(144	)	(827	)
Ending balance		$(1,217	)	$    495

The table below disaggregates, by product type, the information for level 3 derivatives included in the summary table above.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Interest rates, net
Beginning balance		$   (398	)	$     (40	)
Net realized gains/(losses)		(41	)	(53	)
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		(138	)	66
Purchases		5		3
Sales		(3	)	(31	)
Settlements		36		(144	)
Transfers into level 3		195		(149	)
Transfers out of level 3		(37	)	(50	)
Ending balance		$   (381	)	$   (398	)
Credit, net
Beginning balance		$ 2,793		$ 3,530
Net realized gains/(losses)		—		92
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		196		804
Purchases		20		80
Sales		(73	)	(237	)
Settlements		(516	)	(640	)
Transfers into level 3		179		206
Transfers out of level 3		(95	)	(1,042	)
Ending balance		$ 2,504		$ 2,793
Currencies, net
Beginning balance		$     (34	)	$   (267	)
Net realized gains/(losses)		(30	)	(49	)
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		(42	)	40
Purchases		14		32
Sales		(2	)	(10	)
Settlements		90		162
Transfers into level 3		1		(1	)
Transfers out of level 3		6		59
Ending balance		$        3		$     (34	)
Commodities, net
Beginning balance		$   (262	)	$(1,142	)
Net realized gains/(losses)		(23	)	34
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		101		(52	)
Purchases		24		—
Sales		(119	)	(234	)
Settlements		391		1,034
Transfers into level 3		(23	)	(35	)
Transfers out of level 3		(16	)	133
Ending balance		$      73		$   (262	)
Equities, net
Beginning balance		$(1,604	)	$(1,375	)
Net realized gains/(losses)		57		43
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		660		(179	)
Purchases		52		125
Sales		(3,360	)	(1,352	)
Settlements		781		1,086
Transfers into level 3		—		(25	)
Transfers out of level 3		(2	)	73
Ending balance		$(3,416	)	$(1,604	)

OTC Derivatives by Product Type and Tenor

The table below presents the fair values of OTC derivative assets and liabilities by tenor and major product type.

$ in millions	Less than 1 Year		1 - 5 Years		Greater than 5 Years		Total
As of December 2016
Assets
Interest rates	$  5,845		$18,376		$79,507		$103,728
Credit	1,763		2,695		4,889		9,347
Currencies	18,344		8,292		8,428		35,064
Commodities	3,273		1,415		179		4,867
Equities	3,141		9,249		1,341		13,731
Counterparty netting within tenors	(3,543	)	(5,550	)	(3,794	)	(12,887	)
Subtotal	$28,823		$34,477		$90,550		$153,850
Cross-tenor counterparty netting							(17,396	)
Cash collateral netting							(85,329	)
Total							$  51,125
Liabilities
Interest rates	$  5,679		$10,814		$38,812		$  55,305
Credit	2,060		3,328		1,167		6,555
Currencies	14,720		9,771		5,879		30,370
Commodities	2,546		1,555		2,315		6,416
Equities	7,000		10,426		2,614		20,040
Counterparty netting within tenors	(3,543	)	(5,550	)	(3,794	)	(12,887	)
Subtotal	$28,462		$30,344		$46,993		$105,799
Cross-tenor counterparty netting							(17,396	)
Cash collateral netting							(42,986	)
Total							$  45,417
As of December 2015
Assets
Interest rates	$  4,231		$23,278		$81,401		$108,910
Credit	1,664		4,547		5,842		12,053
Currencies	14,646		8,936		6,353		29,935
Commodities	6,228		3,897		231		10,356
Equities	4,806		7,091		1,550		13,447
Counterparty netting within tenors	(3,660	)	(5,751	)	(5,270	)	(14,681	)
Subtotal	$27,915		$41,998		$90,107		$160,020
Cross-tenor counterparty netting							(20,462	)
Cash collateral netting							(89,132	)
Total							$  50,426
Liabilities
Interest rates	$  5,323		$13,945		$35,592		$  54,860
Credit	1,804		4,704		1,437		7,945
Currencies	12,378		9,940		10,048		32,366
Commodities	4,464		3,136		2,526		10,126
Equities	5,154		5,802		2,994		13,950
Counterparty netting within tenors	(3,660	)	(5,751	)	(5,270	)	(14,681	)
Subtotal	$25,463		$31,776		$47,327		$104,566
Cross-tenor counterparty netting							(20,462	)
Cash collateral netting							(39,950	)
Total							$  44,154

Credit Derivatives

The table below presents certain information about credit derivatives.

	Credit Spread on Underlier (basis points)
$ in millions		0 - 250	251 - 500		501 - 1,000		Greater than 1,000		Total
As of December 2016
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Written Credit Derivatives by Tenor
Less than 1 year		$207,727	$  5,819		$  1,016		$   8,629		$223,191
1 – 5 years		375,208	17,255		8,643		7,986		409,092
Greater than 5 years		52,977	3,928		1,045		233		58,183
Total		$635,912	$27,002		$10,704		$ 16,848		$690,466
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Purchased Credit Derivatives
Offsetting		$558,305	$20,588		$10,133		$ 15,186		$604,212
Other		119,509	7,712		1,098		1,446		129,765
Fair Value of Written Credit Derivatives
Asset		$  13,919	$     606		$     187		$        45		$  14,757
Liability		2,436	902		809		5,686		9,833
Net asset/(liability)		$  11,483	$    (296	)	$    (622	)	$  (5,641	)	$    4,924
As of December 2015
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Written Credit Derivatives by Tenor
Less than 1 year		$240,468	$  2,859		$  2,881		$ 10,533		$256,741
1 – 5 years		514,986	42,399		16,327		26,271		599,983
Greater than 5 years		57,054	6,481		1,567		1,651		66,753
Total		$812,508	$51,739		$20,775		$ 38,455		$923,477
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Purchased Credit Derivatives
Offsetting		$722,436	$46,313		$19,556		$ 33,266		$821,571
Other		132,757	6,383		3,372		4,598		147,110
Fair Value of Written Credit Derivatives
Asset		$  17,110	$     924		$     108		$      190		$  18,332
Liability		2,756	2,596		1,942		12,485		19,779
Net asset/(liability)		$  14,354	$ (1,672	)	$ (1,834	)	$(12,295	)	$   (1,447	)

Bifurcated Embedded Derivatives

The table below presents the fair value and the notional amount of derivatives that have been bifurcated from their related borrowings. These derivatives, which are recorded at fair value, primarily consist of interest rate, equity and commodity products and are included in “Unsecured short-term borrowings” and “Unsecured long-term borrowings” with the related borrowings. See Note 8 for further information.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Fair value of assets		$   676	$   466
Fair value of liabilities		864	794
Net liability		$   188	$   328
Notional amount		$8,726	$7,869

Derivatives with Credit-Related Contingent Features

The table below presents the aggregate fair value of net derivative liabilities under such agreements (excluding application of collateral posted to reduce these liabilities), the related aggregate fair value of the assets posted as collateral and the additional collateral or termination payments that could have been called at the reporting date by counterparties in the event of a one-notch and two-notch downgrade in the firm’s credit ratings.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Net derivative liabilities under bilateral agreements		$32,927	$29,836
Collateral posted		27,840	26,075
Additional collateral or termination payments:
One-notch downgrade		677	1,061
Two-notch downgrade		2,216	2,689

Gain (Loss) from Interest Rate Hedges and Related Hedged Borrowings and Deposits

The table below presents the gains/(losses) from interest rate derivatives accounted for as hedges, the related hedged borrowings and deposits, and the hedge ineffectiveness on these derivatives, which primarily consists of amortization of prepaid credit spreads resulting from the passage of time.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015		2014
Interest rate hedges		$(1,480	)	$(1,613	)	$ 1,936
Hedged borrowings and deposits		834		898		(2,451	)
Hedge ineffectiveness		$   (646	)	$   (715	)	$   (515	)

Gains and Losses on Net Investment Hedges

The table below presents the gains/(losses) from net investment hedging.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015		2014
Hedges:
Foreign currency forward contract		$135		$695		$576
Foreign currency-denominated debt		(85	)	(9	)	202

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Fair Value Option (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities by Level

The table below presents, by level within the fair value hierarchy, other financial assets and financial liabilities accounted for at fair value primarily under the fair value option.

$ in millions	Level 1	Level 2		Level 3		Total
As of December 2016
Assets
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	$  —	$ 116,077		$         —		$ 116,077
Securities borrowed	—	82,398		—		82,398
Receivables from customers and counterparties	—	3,211		55		3,266
Total	$  —	$ 201,686		$        55		$ 201,741
Liabilities
Deposits	$  —	$  (10,609	)	$  (3,173	)	$  (13,782)
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	—	(71,750	)	(66	)	(71,816)
Securities loaned	—	(2,647	)	—		(2,647)
Other secured financings	—	(20,516	)	(557	)	(21,073)
Unsecured borrowings:
Short-term	—	(10,896	)	(3,896	)	(14,792)
Long-term	—	(22,185	)	(7,225	)	(29,410)
Other liabilities and accrued expenses	—	(559	)	(62	)	(621)
Total	$  —	$(139,162	)	$(14,979	)	$(154,141)
As of December 2015
Assets
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	$  —	$ 132,853		$         —		$ 132,853
Securities borrowed	—	75,340		—		75,340
Receivables from customers and counterparties	—	4,947		45		4,992
Total	$  —	$ 213,140		$         45		$ 213,185
Liabilities
Deposits	$  —	$  (12,465	)	$  (2,215	)	$  (14,680)
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	—	(85,998	)	(71	)	(86,069)
Securities loaned	—	(466	)	—		(466)
Other secured financings	—	(22,658	)	(549	)	(23,207)
Unsecured borrowings:
Short-term	—	(13,610	)	(4,133	)	(17,743)
Long-term	—	(18,049	)	(4,224	)	(22,273)
Other liabilities and accrued expenses	—	(1,201	)	(52	)	(1,253)
Total	$  —	$(154,447	)	$(11,244	)	$(165,691)

Level 3 Rollforward

Level 3 Rollforward

The table below presents a summary of the changes in fair value for other level 3 financial assets and financial liabilities accounted for at fair value. In the table below:

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Total other financial assets
Beginning balance		$         45		$         56
Net realized gains/(losses)		6		2
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		1		2
Purchases		10		8
Settlements		(7	)	(22	)
Transfers out of level 3		—		(1	)
Ending balance		$         55		$         45
Total other financial liabilities
Beginning balance		$(11,244	)	$  (9,292	)
Net realized gains/(losses)		(99	)	75
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		(7	)	783
Purchases		(8	)	(1	)
Issuances		(10,236	)	(8,024	)
Settlements		5,983		3,604
Transfers into level 3		(759	)	(1,213	)
Transfers out of level 3		1,391		2,824
Ending balance		$(14,979	)	$(11,244	)

The table below disaggregates, by the consolidated statements of financial condition line items, the information for other financial liabilities included in the summary table above.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Deposits
Beginning balance		$(2,215	)	$(1,065	)
Net realized gains/(losses)		(22	)	(9	)
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		(89	)	56
Issuances		(993	)	(1,252	)
Settlements		146		55
Ending balance		$(3,173	)	$(2,215	)
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
Beginning balance		$     (71	)	$   (124	)
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		(6	)	(2	)
Settlements		11		55
Ending balance		$     (66	)	$     (71	)
Other secured financings
Beginning balance		$   (549	)	$(1,091	)
Net realized gains/(losses)		(8	)	(10	)
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		(3	)	34
Purchases		(5	)	(1	)
Issuances		(150	)	(504	)
Settlements		273		363
Transfers into level 3		(117	)	(85	)
Transfers out of level 3		2		745
Ending balance		$   (557	)	$   (549	)
Unsecured short-term borrowings
Beginning balance		$(4,133	)	$(3,712	)
Net realized gains/(losses)		(57	)	96
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		(115	)	355
Issuances		(3,837	)	(3,377	)
Settlements		3,492		2,275
Transfers into level 3		(370	)	(641	)
Transfers out of level 3		1,124		871
Ending balance		$(3,896	)	$(4,133	)
Unsecured long-term borrowings
Beginning balance		$(4,224	)	$(2,585	)
Net realized gains/(losses)		(27	)	(7	)
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		190		352
Purchases		(3	)	—
Issuances		(5,201	)	(2,888	)
Settlements		2,047		846
Transfers into level 3		(272	)	(464	)
Transfers out of level 3		265		522
Ending balance		$(7,225	)	$(4,224	)
Other liabilities and accrued expenses
Beginning balance		$     (52	)	$   (715	)
Net realized gains/(losses)		15		5
Net unrealized gains/(losses)		16		(12	)
Issuances		(55	)	(3	)
Settlements		14		10
Transfers into level 3		—		(23	)
Transfers out of level 3		—		686
Ending balance		$     (62	)	$     (52	)

Gains and Losses on Other Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities at Fair Value

The table below presents the gains and losses recognized in earnings as a result of the firm electing to apply the fair value option to certain financial assets and financial liabilities. These gains and losses are included in “Market making” and “Other principal transactions.” The table below also includes gains and losses on the embedded derivative component of hybrid financial instruments included in unsecured short-term borrowings, unsecured long-term borrowings and deposits. These gains and losses would have been recognized under other U.S. GAAP even if the firm had not elected to account for the entire hybrid financial instrument at fair value.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015		2014
Unsecured short-term borrowings		$(1,028	)	$ 346		$(1,180	)
Unsecured long-term borrowings		584		771		(592	)
Other liabilities and accrued expenses		(55	)	(684	)	(441	)
Other		(630	)	(217	)	(366	)
Total		$(1,129	)	$ 216		$(2,579	)

Loans and Lending Commitments

The table below presents the difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate contractual principal amount for loans and long-term receivables for which the fair value option was elected. In the table below, the aggregate contractual principal amount of loans on non-accrual status and/or more than 90 days past due (which excludes loans carried at zero fair value and considered uncollectible) exceeds the related fair value primarily because the firm regularly purchases loans, such as distressed loans, at values significantly below the contractual principal amounts.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Performing loans and long-term receivables
Aggregate contractual principal in excess of fair value		$   478	$1,330
Loans on nonaccrual status and/or more than 90 days past due
Aggregate contractual principal in excess of fair value		8,101	9,600
Aggregate fair value of loans on nonaccrual status and/or more than 90 days past due		2,138	2,391

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Loans Receivable (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Receivables [Abstract]

Summary of Loans Receivable

The table below presents details about loans receivable.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Corporate loans		$24,837		$20,740
Loans to private wealth management clients		13,828		13,961
Loans backed by commercial real estate		4,761		5,271
Loans backed by residential real estate		3,865		2,316
Other loans		2,890		3,533
Total loans receivable, gross		50,181		45,821
Allowance for loan losses		(509	)	(414	)
Total loans receivable		$49,672		$45,407

Summary of Other Loans Receivable

The table below presents gross loans receivable (excluding PCI loans of $3.97 billion and $2.12 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, which are not assigned a credit rating equivalent) and related lending commitments by the firm’s internally determined public rating agency equivalent and by regulatory risk rating. Non-criticized/pass loans and lending commitments represent loans and lending commitments that are performing and/or do not demonstrate adverse characteristics that are likely to result in a credit loss.

$ in millions	Loans	Lending Commitments	Total
Credit Rating Equivalent
As of December 2016
Investment-grade	$18,434	$72,323	$  90,757
Non-investment-grade	27,777	25,722	53,499
Total	$46,211	$98,045	$144,256
As of December 2015
Investment-grade	$19,459	$64,898	$  84,357
Non-investment-grade	24,241	29,021	53,262
Total	$43,700	$93,919	$137,619
Regulatory Risk Rating
As of December 2016
Non-criticized/pass	$43,146	$94,966	$138,112
Criticized	3,065	3,079	6,144
Total	$46,211	$98,045	$144,256
As of December 2015
Non-criticized/pass	$40,967	$92,021	$132,988
Criticized	2,733	1,898	4,631
Total	$43,700	$93,919	$137,619

Summary of Changes in Allowance for Loan Losses and Allowance for Losses on Lending Commitments

The table below presents changes in the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for losses on lending commitments.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Allowance for loan losses
Beginning balance		$414		$228
Charge-offs		(8	)	(1	)
Provision		138		187
Other		(35	)	—
Ending balance		$509		$414
Allowance for losses on lending commitments
Beginning balance		$188		$  86
Provision		44		102
Other		(20	)	—
Ending balance		$212		$188

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Collateralized Agreements and Financings (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Text Block [Abstract]

Resale and Repurchase Agreements and Securities Borrowed and Loaned Transactions

The table below presents the carrying value of resale and repurchase agreements and securities borrowed and loaned transactions.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Securities purchased under agreements to resell		$116,925	$134,308
Securities borrowed		184,600	177,638
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase		71,816	86,069
Securities loaned		7,524	3,614

Offsetting Arrangements

The table below presents the gross and net resale and repurchase agreements and securities borrowed and loaned transactions, and the related amount of counterparty netting included in the consolidated statements of financial condition. The table below also presents the amounts not offset in the consolidated statements of financial condition, including counterparty netting that does not meet the criteria for netting under U.S. GAAP and the fair value of cash or securities collateral received or posted subject to enforceable credit support agreements.

	Assets					Liabilities
$ in millions		Resale agreements		Securities borrowed			Repurchase agreements		Securities loaned
As of December 2016
Included in the consolidated statements of financial condition
Gross carrying value		$ 173,561		$ 189,571			$128,452		$12,495
Counterparty netting		(56,636	)	(4,971	)		(56,636	)	(4,971	)
Total		116,925		184,600			71,816		7,524
Amounts not offset
Counterparty netting		(8,319	)	(4,045	)		(8,319	)	(4,045	)
Collateral		(107,148	)	(170,625	)		(62,081	)	(3,087	)
Total		$     1,458		$     9,930			$    1,416		$     392
As of December 2015
Included in the consolidated statements of financial condition
Gross carrying value		$ 163,199		$ 180,203			$114,960		$  6,179
Counterparty netting		(28,891	)	(2,565	)		(28,891	)	(2,565	)
Total		134,308		177,638			86,069		3,614
Amounts not offset
Counterparty netting		(4,979	)	(1,732	)		(4,979	)	(1,732	)
Collateral		(125,561	)	(167,061	)		(78,958	)	(1,721	)
Total		$     3,768		$     8,845			$    2,132		$     161

Schedule of Gross Carrying Value of Repurchase Agreements and Securities Loaned by Class of Collateral Pledged

The table below presents the gross carrying value of repurchase agreements and securities loaned by class of collateral pledged.

$ in millions	Repurchase agreements	Securities loaned
As of December 2016
Money market instruments	$       317	$       —
U.S. government and federal agency obligations	47,207	115
Non-U.S. government and agency obligations	56,156	1,846
Securities backed by commercial real estate	208	—
Securities backed by residential real estate	122	—
Corporate debt securities	8,297	39
State and municipal obligations	831	—
Other debt obligations	286	—
Equities and convertible debentures	15,028	10,495
Total	$128,452	$12,495
As of December 2015
Money market instruments	$       806	$       —
U.S. government and federal agency obligations	54,856	101
Non-U.S. government and agency obligations	31,547	2,465
Securities backed by commercial real estate	269	—
Securities backed by residential real estate	2,059	—
Corporate debt securities	6,877	30
State and municipal obligations	609	—
Other debt obligations	101	—
Equities and convertible debentures	17,836	3,583
Total	$114,960	$  6,179

Schedule of Gross Carrying Value of Repurchase Agreements and Securities Loaned by Maturity Date

The table below presents the gross carrying value of repurchase agreements and securities loaned by maturity date.

	As of December 2016
$ in millions		Repurchase agreements	Securities loaned
No stated maturity and overnight		$  35,939	$  4,825
2 - 30 days		47,339	5,034
31 - 90 days		16,553	500
91 days - 1 year		18,968	1,636
Greater than 1 year		9,653	500
Total		$128,452	$12,495

Other Secured Financings

The table below presents information about other secured financings.

$ in millions	U.S. Dollar	Non-U.S. Dollar	Total
As of December 2016
Other secured financings (short-term):
At fair value	$  9,380	$ 3,738	$13,118
At amortized cost	—	—	—
Weighted average interest rates	—%	—%
Other secured financings (long-term):
At fair value	5,562	2,393	7,955
At amortized cost	145	305	450
Weighted average interest rates	4.06%	2.16%
Total	$15,087	$ 6,436	$21,523
Other secured financings collateralized by:
Financial instruments	$13,858	$ 5,974	$19,832
Other assets	1,229	462	1,691
As of December 2015
Other secured financings (short-term):
At fair value	$  7,952	$ 5,448	$13,400
At amortized cost	514	319	833
Weighted average interest rates	2.93%	3.83%
Other secured financings (long-term):
At fair value	6,702	3,105	9,807
At amortized cost	370	343	713
Weighted average interest rates	2.87%	1.54%
Total	$15,538	$ 9,215	$24,753
Other secured financings collateralized by:
Financial instruments	$14,862	$ 8,872	$23,734
Other assets	676	343	1,019

Other Secured Financings by Maturity Date

The table below presents other secured financings by maturity date.

$ in millions	As of December 2016
Other secured financings (short-term)	$13,118
Other secured financings (long-term):
2018	5,575
2019	702
2020	1,158
2021	321
2022 - thereafter	649
Total other secured financings (long-term)	8,405
Total other secured financings	$21,523

Financial Instruments Received as Collateral and Repledged

The table below presents financial instruments at fair value received as collateral that were available to be delivered or repledged and were delivered or repledged by the firm.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Collateral available to be delivered or repledged		$634,609	$636,684
Collateral that was delivered or repledged		495,717	496,240

In the table above, as of December 2016 and December 2015, collateral available to be delivered or repledged excludes $15.47 billion and $18.94 billion, respectively, of securities received under resale agreements and securities borrowed transactions that contractually had the right to be delivered or repledged, but were segregated for regulatory and other purposes.

Financial Instruments Owned, at Fair Value and Other Assets Pledged as Collateral

The table below presents information about assets pledged.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Financial instruments owned, at fair value pledged to counterparties that:
Had the right to deliver or repledge		$  51,278	$  54,426
Did not have the right to deliver or repledge		61,099	63,880
Other assets pledged to counterparties that did not have the right to deliver or repledge		3,287	1,841

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Securitization Activities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Transfers and Servicing [Abstract]

Amount of Financial Assets Securitized and Cash Flows Received on Retained Interests

The table below presents the amount of financial assets securitized and the cash flows received on retained interests in securitization entities in which the firm had continuing involvement as of the end of the period.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016	2015	2014
Residential mortgages		$12,164	$10,479	$19,099
Commercial mortgages		233	6,043	2,810
Other financial assets		181	—	1,009
Total		$12,578	$16,522	$22,918
Retained interests cash flows		$     189	$     174	$     215

Firms Continuing Involvement in Securitization Entities to Which Firm Sold Assets

The table below presents the firm’s continuing involvement in nonconsolidated securitization entities to which the firm sold assets, as well as the total outstanding principal amount of transferred assets in which the firm has continuing involvement.

$ in millions	Outstanding Principal Amount	Retained Interests	Purchased Interests
As of December 2016
U.S. government agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations	$25,140	$   953	$24
Other residential mortgage-backed	3,261	540	6
Other commercial mortgage-backed	357	15	—
CDOs, CLOs and other	2,284	56	6
Total	$31,042	$1,564	$36
As of December 2015
U.S. government agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations	$39,088	$   846	$20
Other residential mortgage-backed	2,195	154	17
Other commercial mortgage-backed	6,842	115	28
CDOs, CLOs and other	2,732	44	7
Total	$50,857	$1,159	$72

In the table above:

• The outstanding principal amount is presented for the purpose of providing information about the size of the securitization entities in which the firm has continuing involvement and is not representative of the firm’s risk of loss.

• For retained or purchased interests, the firm’s risk of loss is limited to the carrying value of these interests.

• Purchased interests represent senior and subordinated interests, purchased in connection with secondary market-making activities, in securitization entities in which the firm also holds retained interests.

• Substantially all of the total outstanding principal amount and total retained interests as of December 2016 and December 2015 relate to securitizations during 2012 and thereafter.

• The fair value of retained interests was $1.58 billion and $1.16 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively.

Weighted Average Key Economic Assumptions Used in Measuring Fair Value of Firm's Retained Interests and Sensitivity of This Fair Value to Immediate Adverse Changes

The table below presents the weighted average key economic assumptions used in measuring the fair value of mortgage-backed retained interests and the sensitivity of this fair value to immediate adverse changes of 10% and 20% in those assumptions.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Fair value of retained interests		$1,519		$1,115
Weighted average life (years)		7.5		7.5
Constant prepayment rate		8.1%		10.4%
Impact of 10% adverse change		$    (14	)	$    (22	)
Impact of 20% adverse change		(28	)	(43	)
Discount rate		5.3%		5.5%
Impact of 10% adverse change		$    (37	)	$    (28	)
Impact of 20% adverse change		(71	)	(55	)

In the table above:

• Amounts do not reflect the benefit of other financial instruments that are held to mitigate risks inherent in these retained interests.

• Changes in fair value based on an adverse variation in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumptions to the change in fair value is not usually linear.

• The impact of a change in a particular assumption is calculated independently of changes in any other assumption. In practice, simultaneous changes in assumptions might magnify or counteract the sensitivities disclosed above.

• The constant prepayment rate is included only for positions for which it is a key assumption in the determination of fair value.

• The discount rate for retained interests that relate to U.S. government agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations does not include any credit loss.

• Expected credit loss assumptions are reflected in the discount rate for the remainder of retained interests.

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Variable Interest Entities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Nonconsolidated Variable Interest Entities

The table below presents a summary of the nonconsolidated VIEs in which the firm holds variable interests.

As of December
$ in millions	2016	2015
Total nonconsolidated VIEs
Assets in VIEs	$70,083	$90,145
Carrying value of variable interests — assets	6,199	7,171
Carrying value of variable interests — liabilities	254	177
Maximum exposure to loss:
Retained interests	1,564	1,159
Purchased interests	544	1,528
Commitments and guarantees	2,196	2,020
Derivatives	7,144	6,936
Loans and investments	3,760	4,108
Total maximum exposure to loss	$15,208	$15,751

The table below disaggregates, by principal business activity, the information for nonconsolidated VIEs included in the summary table above.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Mortgage-backed
Assets in VIEs		$32,714	$62,672
Carrying value of variable interests — assets		1,936	2,439
Maximum exposure to loss:
Retained interests		1,508	1,115
Purchased interests		429	1,324
Commitments and guarantees		9	40
Derivatives		163	222
Total maximum exposure to loss		$  2,109	$  2,701
Corporate CDOs and CLOs
Assets in VIEs		$  5,391	$  6,493
Carrying value of variable interests — assets		393	624
Carrying value of variable interests — liabilities		25	29
Maximum exposure to loss:
Retained interests		2	3
Purchased interests		43	106
Commitments and guarantees		186	647
Derivatives		2,841	2,633
Loans and investments		94	265
Total maximum exposure to loss		$  3,166	$  3,654
Real estate, credit-related and other investing
Assets in VIEs		$  8,617	$  9,793
Carrying value of variable interests — assets		2,550	3,557
Carrying value of variable interests — liabilities		3	3
Maximum exposure to loss:
Commitments and guarantees		693	570
Loans and investments		2,550	3,557
Total maximum exposure to loss		$  3,243	$  4,127
Other asset-backed
Assets in VIEs		$  6,405	$  7,026
Carrying value of variable interests — assets		293	265
Carrying value of variable interests — liabilities		220	145
Maximum exposure to loss:
Retained interests		54	41
Purchased interests		72	98
Commitments and guarantees		275	500
Derivatives		4,134	4,075
Loans and investments		89	—
Total maximum exposure to loss		$  4,624	$  4,714
Investments in funds and other
Assets in VIEs		$16,956	$  4,161
Carrying value of variable interests — assets		1,027	286
Carrying value of variable interests — liabilities		6	—
Maximum exposure to loss:
Commitments and guarantees		1,033	263
Derivatives		6	6
Loans and investments		1,027	286
Total maximum exposure to loss		$  2,066	$     555

Consolidated Variable Interest Entities

The table below presents a summary of the carrying amount and classification of assets and liabilities in consolidated VIEs.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Total consolidated VIEs
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents		$   300	$   423
Receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations		—	1
Loans receivable		603	1,534
Financial instruments owned, at fair value		2,047	2,283
Other assets		682	471
Total		$3,632	$4,712
Liabilities
Other secured financings		$   854	$   858
Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations		1	—
Payables to customers and counterparties		—	434
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value		7	16
Unsecured short-term borrowings		197	416
Unsecured long-term borrowings		334	312
Other liabilities and accrued expenses		803	556
Total		$2,196	$2,592

The table below disaggregates, by principal business activity, the information for consolidated VIEs included in the summary table above.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Real estate, credit-related and other investing
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents		$   300	$   423
Receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations		—	1
Loans receivable		603	1,534
Financial instruments owned, at fair value		1,708	1,585
Other assets		680	456
Total		$3,291	$3,999
Liabilities
Other secured financings		$   284	$   332
Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations		1	—
Payables to customers and counterparties		—	2
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value		7	16
Other liabilities and accrued expenses		803	556
Total		$1,095	$   906
CDOs, mortgage-backed and other asset-backed
Assets
Financial instruments owned, at fair value		$   253	$   572
Other assets		2	15
Total		$   255	$   587
Liabilities
Other secured financings		$   139	$   113
Payables to customers and counterparties		—	432
Total		$   139	$   545
Principal-protected notes
Assets
Financial instruments owned, at fair value		$     86	$   126
Total		$     86	$   126
Liabilities
Other secured financings		$   431	$   413
Unsecured short-term borrowings		197	416
Unsecured long-term borrowings		334	312
Total		$   962	$1,141

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Other Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Other Assets

The table below presents other assets by type.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Property, leasehold improvements and equipment		$12,070	$  9,956
Goodwill and identifiable intangible assets		4,095	4,148
Income tax-related assets		5,550	5,548
Equity-method investments		219	258
Miscellaneous receivables and other		3,547	5,308
Total		$25,481	$25,218

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The tables below present the carrying values of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets.

	Goodwill as of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Investment Banking:
Financial Advisory		$     98	$     98
Underwriting		183	183
Institutional Client Services:
Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution		269	269
Equities Client Execution		2,403	2,402
Securities Services		105	105
Investing & Lending		2	2
Investment Management		606	598
Total		$3,666	$3,657

	Identifiable Intangible Assets as of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Institutional Client Services:
Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution		$  65	$  92
Equities Client Execution		141	193
Investing & Lending		105	75
Investment Management		118	131
Total		$429	$491

Intangible Assets Disclosure

The table below presents the gross carrying amount, accumulated amortization and net carrying amount of identifiable intangible assets.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Customer lists
Gross carrying amount		$ 1,065		$ 1,072
Accumulated amortization		(837	)	(777	)
Net carrying amount		228		295
Other
Gross carrying amount		543		449
Accumulated amortization		(342	)	(253	)
Net carrying amount		201		196
Total
Gross carrying amount		1,608		1,521
Accumulated amortization		(1,179	)	(1,030	)
Net carrying amount		$    429		$    491

In the table above:

• The net carrying amount of other intangibles primarily includes intangible assets related to acquired leases and commodities transportation rights.

• During 2016 and 2015, the firm acquired $89 million (primarily related to acquired leases) and $67 million (primarily related to customer lists), respectively, of intangible assets with a weighted average amortization period of three years.

Amortization Expense

The tables below present details about amortization of identifiable intangible assets.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016	2015	2014
Amortization		$162	$132	$217

Estimated Future Amortization for Existing Identifiable Intangible Assets Through 2021

$ in millions	As of December 2016
Estimated future amortization
2017	$133
2018	113
2019	79
2020	29
2021	19

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Deposits (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Banking and Thrift [Abstract]

Schedule of Types and Sources of Deposits

The table below presents the types and sources of the firm’s deposits.

$ in millions	Savings and Demand	Time	Total
As of December 2016
Private bank and online retail	$61,166	$  4,437	$  65,603
Brokered certificates of deposit	—	34,905	34,905
Deposit sweep programs	16,019	—	16,019
Institutional	12	7,559	7,571
Total	$77,197	$46,901	$124,098
As of December 2015
Private bank	$38,715	$  2,354	$  41,069
Brokered certificates of deposit	—	32,419	32,419
Deposit sweep programs	15,791	—	15,791
Institutional	1	8,239	8,240
Total	$54,507	$43,012	$  97,519

Deposits

The table below presents deposits held in U.S. and non-U.S. offices.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
U.S. offices		$106,037	$81,920
Non-U.S. offices		18,061	15,599
Total		$124,098	$97,519

Maturities of Time Deposits

The table below presents maturities of time deposits held in U.S. and non-U.S. offices.

	As of December 2016
$ in millions		U.S.	Non-U.S.	Total
2017		$11,245	$8,262	$19,507
2018		6,004	542	6,546
2019		5,350	—	5,350
2020		4,054	—	4,054
2021		3,519	39	3,558
2022 - thereafter		7,671	215	7,886
Total		$37,843	$9,058	$46,901

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Short-Term Borrowings (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Short-Term Borrowings

The table below presents details about the firm’s short-term borrowings.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Other secured financings (short-term)		$13,118	$14,233
Unsecured short-term borrowings		39,265	42,787
Total		$52,383	$57,020

Unsecured Short-Term Borrowings

The table below presents details about the firm’s unsecured short-term borrowings.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Current portion of unsecured long-term borrowings		$23,528	$25,373
Hybrid financial instruments		11,700	12,956
Commercial paper		—	208
Other short-term borrowings		4,037	4,250
Total		$39,265	$42,787
Weighted average interest rate		1.68%	1.52%

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Long-Term Borrowings (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Long-Term Borrowings

The table below presents details about the firm’s long-term borrowings.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Other secured financings (long-term)		$    8,405	$  10,520
Unsecured long-term borrowings		189,086	175,422
Total		$197,491	$185,942

Unsecured Long-Term Borrowings

The table below presents unsecured long-term borrowings extending through 2056 and consisting principally of senior borrowings.

$ in millions	U.S. Dollar	Non-U.S. Dollar	Total
As of December 2016
Fixed-rate obligations:
Group Inc.	$  93,885	$31,274	$125,159
Subsidiaries	2,228	885	3,113
Floating-rate obligations:
Group Inc.	27,864	19,112	46,976
Subsidiaries	8,884	4,954	13,838
Total	$132,861	$56,225	$189,086
As of December 2015
Fixed-rate obligations:
Group Inc.	$  90,076	$29,808	$119,884
Subsidiaries	2,114	895	3,009
Floating-rate obligations:
Group Inc.	27,881	16,916	44,797
Subsidiaries	5,662	2,070	7,732
Total	$125,733	$49,689	$175,422

Unsecured Long-Term Borrowings by Maturity Date

The table below presents unsecured long-term borrowings by maturity date.

	As of December 2016
$ in millions		Group Inc.	Subsidiaries	Total
2018		$  23,814	$  2,890	$  26,704
2019		23,012	2,582	25,594
2020		17,291	1,118	18,409
2021		20,005	740	20,745
2022 - thereafter		88,013	9,621	97,634
Total		$172,135	$16,951	$189,086

Unsecured Long-Term Borrowings after Hedging

The table below presents unsecured long-term borrowings, after giving effect to such hedging activities.

$ in millions	Group Inc.	Subsidiaries	Total
As of December 2016
Fixed-rate obligations:
At fair value	$          —	$     150	$       150
At amortized cost	71,225	3,493	74,718
Floating-rate obligations:
At fair value	17,591	11,669	29,260
At amortized cost	83,319	1,639	84,958
Total	$172,135	$16,951	$189,086
As of December 2015
Fixed-rate obligations:
At fair value	$          —	$       21	$         21
At amortized cost	52,448	2,569	55,017
Floating-rate obligations:
At fair value	16,194	6,058	22,252
At amortized cost	96,039	2,093	98,132
Total	$164,681	$10,741	$175,422

Subordinated Long-Term Borrowings

The table below presents subordinated borrowings.

$ in millions	Par Amount	Carrying Amount	Rate
As of December 2016
Subordinated debt	$15,058	$17,604	4.29%
Junior subordinated debt	1,360	1,809	5.70%
Total	$16,418	$19,413	4.41%
As of December 2015
Subordinated debt	$18,004	$20,784	3.79%
Junior subordinated debt	1,359	1,817	5.77%
Total	$19,363	$22,601	3.93%

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Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses

The table below presents other liabilities and accrued expenses by type.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Compensation and benefits		$    7,181	$    8,149
Noncontrolling interests		506	459
Income tax-related liabilities		1,794	1,280
Employee interests in consolidated funds		77	149
Subordinated liabilities of consolidated VIEs		584	501
Accrued expenses and other		4,220	8,355
Total		$  14,362	$  18,893

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Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments

The table below presents the firm’s commitments by type.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Commitments to extend credit
Commercial lending:
Investment-grade		$  73,664	$  72,428
Non-investment-grade		34,878	41,277
Warehouse financing		3,514	3,453
Total commitments to extend credit		112,056	117,158
Contingent and forward starting resale and securities borrowing agreements		25,348	28,874
Forward starting repurchase and secured lending agreements		8,939	5,878
Letters of credit		373	249
Investment commitments		8,444	6,054
Other		6,014	6,944
Total commitments		$161,174	$165,157

The table below presents the firm’s commitments by period of expiration.

	As of December 2016
$ in millions		2017	2018 - 2019	2020 - 2021	2022 - Thereafter
Commitments to extend credit
Commercial lending:
Investment-grade		$19,408	$14,091	$39,665	$   500
Non-investment-grade		2,562	9,458	18,484	4,374
Warehouse financing		388	1,356	263	1,507
Total commitments to extend credit		22,358	24,905	58,412	6,381
Contingent and forward starting resale and securities borrowing agreements		25,348	—	—	—
Forward starting repurchase and secured lending agreements		8,939	—	—	—
Letters of credit		308	21	—	44
Investment commitments		6,713	415	108	1,208
Other		5,756	200	15	43
Total commitments		$69,422	$25,541	$58,535	$7,676

Leases

The table below presents future minimum rental payments, net of minimum sublease rentals.

$ in millions	As of December 2016
2017	$   290
2018	282
2019	238
2020	206
2021	159
2022 - thereafter	766
Total	$1,941

Guarantees

The table below presents information about certain derivatives that meet the definition of a guarantee, securities lending indemnifications and certain other guarantees.

$ in millions	Derivatives	Securities lending indemnifications	Other financial guarantees
As of December 2016
Carrying Value of Net Liability	$    8,873	$       —	$     50
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount by Period of Expiration
2017	$432,328	$33,403	$1,064
2018 - 2019	261,676	—	763
2020 - 2021	71,264	—	1,662
2022 - thereafter	51,506	—	173
Total	$816,774	$33,403	$3,662
As of December 2015
Carrying Value of Net Liability	$    8,351	$       —	$     76
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount by Period of Expiration
2016	$640,288	$31,902	$   611
2017 - 2018	168,784	—	1,402
2019 - 2020	67,643	—	1,772
2021 - thereafter	49,728	—	676
Total	$926,443	$31,902	$4,461

In the table above:

• The maximum payout is based on the notional amount of the contract and does not represent anticipated losses.

• Amounts exclude certain commitments to issue standby letters of credit that are included in “Commitments to extend credit.” See the tables in “Commitments” above for a summary of the firm’s commitments.

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Shareholders' Equity (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Text Block [Abstract]

Summary of Amount of Common Stock Repurchased by the Firm

The table below presents the amount of common stock repurchased by the firm under the share repurchase program.

	Year Ended December
in millions, except per share amounts		2016	2015	2014
Common share repurchases		36.6	22.1	31.8
Average cost per share		$165.88	$189.41	$171.79
Total cost of common share repurchases		$  6,069	$  4,195	$  5,469

Summary of Perpetual Preferred Stock Issued and Outstanding

The tables below present details about the perpetual preferred stock issued and outstanding as of December 2016.

Series	Shares Authorized	Shares Issued	Shares Outstanding	Depositary Shares Per Share
A	50,000	30,000	29,999	1,000
B	50,000	32,000	32,000	1,000
C	25,000	8,000	8,000	1,000
D	60,000	54,000	53,999	1,000
E	17,500	7,667	7,667	N/A
F	5,000	1,615	1,615	N/A
I	34,500	34,000	34,000	1,000
J	46,000	40,000	40,000	1,000
K	32,200	28,000	28,000	1,000
L	52,000	52,000	52,000	25
M	80,000	80,000	80,000	25
N	31,050	27,000	27,000	1,000
O	26,000	26,000	26,000	25
Total	509,250	420,282	420,280

Series	Earliest Redemption Date	Liquidation Preference	Redemption Value ($ in millions)
A	Currently redeemable	$  25,000	$     750
B	Currently redeemable	25,000	800
C	Currently redeemable	25,000	200
D	Currently redeemable	25,000	1,350
E	Currently redeemable	100,000	767
F	Currently redeemable	100,000	161
I	November 10, 2017	25,000	850
J	May 10, 2023	25,000	1,000
K	May 10, 2024	25,000	700
L	May 10, 2019	25,000	1,300
M	May 10, 2020	25,000	2,000
N	May 10, 2021	25,000	675
O	November 10, 2026	25,000	650
Total			$11,203

In the tables above:

• All shares have a par value of $0.01 per share and, where applicable, each share is represented by the specified number of depositary shares.

• The earliest redemption date represents the date on which each share of non-cumulative Preferred Stock is redeemable at the firm’s option.

• The redemption price per share for Series A through F Preferred Stock is the liquidation preference plus declared and unpaid dividends. The redemption price per share for Series I through O Preferred Stock is the liquidation preference plus accrued and unpaid dividends. Each share of non-cumulative Series E and Series F Preferred Stock issued and outstanding is redeemable at the firm’s option, subject to certain covenant restrictions governing the firm’s ability to redeem the preferred stock without issuing common stock or other instruments with equity-like characteristics. See Note 16 for information about the replacement capital covenants applicable to the Series E and Series F Preferred Stock.

Summary of Dividend Rates of Perpetual Preferred Stock Issued and Outstanding

The table below presents the dividend rates of the firm’s perpetual preferred stock as of December 2016.

Series	Dividend Rate
A	3 month LIBOR + 0.75%, with floor of 3.75% per annum
B	6.20% per annum
C	3 month LIBOR + 0.75%, with floor of 4.00% per annum
D	3 month LIBOR + 0.67%, with floor of 4.00% per annum
E	3 month LIBOR + 0.77%, with floor of 4.00% per annum
F	3 month LIBOR + 0.77%, with floor of 4.00% per annum
I	5.95% per annum
J	5.50% per annum to, but excluding, May 10, 2023; 3 month LIBOR + 3.64% per annum thereafter
K	6.375% per annum to, but excluding, May 10, 2024; 3 month LIBOR + 3.55% per annum thereafter
L	5.70% per annum to, but excluding, May 10, 2019; 3 month LIBOR + 3.884% per annum thereafter
M	5.375% per annum to, but excluding, May 10, 2020; 3 month LIBOR + 3.922% per annum thereafter
N	6.30% per annum
O	5.30% per annum to, but excluding, November 10, 2026; 3 month LIBOR + 3.834% per annum thereafter

Summary of Preferred Dividends Declared on Preferred Stock Issued

The table below presents preferred dividends declared on the firm’s preferred stock.

	Year Ended December
	2016		2015		2014
Series	per share	$ in  millions	per share	$ in  millions	per share	$ in  millions
A	$   953.12	$  29	$   950.52	$  28	$   945.32	$  28
B	1,550.00	50	1,550.00	50	1,550.00	50
C	1,016.68	8	1,013.90	8	1,008.34	8
D	1,016.68	55	1,013.90	54	1,008.34	54
E	4,066.66	50	4,055.55	71	4,044.44	71
F	4,066.66	13	4,055.55	20	4,044.44	20
I	1,487.52	51	1,487.52	51	1,487.52	51
J	1,375.00	55	1,375.00	55	1,375.00	55
K	1,593.76	45	1,593.76	45	850.00	24
L	1,425.00	74	1,425.00	74	760.00	39
M	1,343.76	107	735.33	59	—	—
N	1,124.38	30	—	—	—	—
O	379.10	10	—	—	—	—
Total		$577		$515		$400

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax

The table below presents accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, by type.

$ in millions	Beginning balance		Other comprehensive income/(loss) adjustments, net of tax		Ending balance
As of December 2016
Currency translation	$(587	)	$  (60	)	$   (647	)
Debt valuation adjustment	305		(544	)	(239	)
Pension and postretirement liabilities	(131	)	(199	)	(330	)
Total	$(413	)	$(803	)	$(1,216	)
As of December 2015
Currency translation	$(473	)	$(114	)	$   (587	)
Pension and postretirement liabilities	(270	)	139		(131	)
Total	$(743	)	$   25		$   (718	)

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Regulation and Capital Adequacy (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Minimum Capital Ratios

The table below presents the minimum ratios required for the firm.

	As of December
		2016	2015
CET1 ratio		5.875%	4.5%
Tier 1 capital ratio		7.375%	6.0%
Total capital ratio		9.375%	8.0%
Tier 1 leverage ratio		4.000%	4.0%

Capital Rollforward

The tables below present changes in CET1, Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital for the year ended December 2016 and year ended December 2015.

	Year Ended December 2016
$ in millions		Standardized		Basel III Advanced
Common Equity Tier 1
Beginning balance		$71,363		$71,363
Change in common shareholders’ equity		162		162
Change in deductions for:
Transitional provisions		(839	)	(839	)
Goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, net of deferred tax liabilities		16		16
Investments in nonconsolidated financial institutions		895		895
Change in other adjustments		449		449
Ending balance		$72,046		$72,046
Tier 1 capital
Beginning balance		$81,511		$81,511
Change in deductions for:
Transitional provisions		(558	)	(558	)
Investments in covered funds		(32	)	(32	)
Other net increase in CET1		1,522		1,522
Redesignation of junior subordinated debt issued to trusts		(330	)	(330	)
Change in preferred stock		3		3
Change in other adjustments		324		324
Ending balance		82,440		82,440
Tier 2 capital
Beginning balance		16,705		16,103
Change in qualifying subordinated debt		(566	)	(566	)
Redesignation of junior subordinated debt issued to trusts		(198	)	(198	)
Change in the allowance for losses on loans and lending commitments		120		—
Change in other adjustments		13		13
Ending balance		16,074		15,352
Total capital		$98,514		$97,792

	Year Ended December 2015
$ in millions		Standardized		Basel III Advanced
Common Equity Tier 1
Beginning balance		$69,830		$69,830
Change in common shareholders’ equity		1,931		1,931
Change in deductions for:
Transitional provisions		(1,368	)	(1,368	)
Goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, net of deferred tax liabilities		75		75
Investments in nonconsolidated financial institutions		1,059		1,059
Change in other adjustments		(164	)	(164	)
Ending balance		$71,363		$71,363
Tier 1 capital
Beginning balance		$78,433		$78,433
Change in deductions for:
Transitional provisions		(1,073	)	(1,073	)
Investments in covered funds		(413	)	(413	)
Other net increase in CET1		2,901		2,901
Redesignation of junior subordinated debt issued to trusts		(330	)	(330	)
Change in preferred stock		2,000		2,000
Change in other adjustments		(7	)	(7	)
Ending balance		81,511		81,511
Tier 2 capital
Beginning balance		12,861		12,545
Increased deductions for transitional provisions		(53	)	(53	)
Change in qualifying subordinated debt		3,238		3,238
Redesignation of junior subordinated debt issued to trusts		330		330
Change in the allowance for losses on loans and lending commitments		286		—
Change in other adjustments		43		43
Ending balance		16,705		16,103
Total capital		$98,216		$97,614

Schedule of Minimum Ratios and Well Capitalized Minimum Ratios

The table below presents the minimum ratios and the “well-capitalized” minimum ratios required for GS Bank USA.

	Minimum Ratio as of December		“Well-capitalized” Minimum Ratio
	2016	2015
CET1 ratio	5.125%	4.5%	6.5%
Tier 1 capital ratio	6.625%	6.0%	8.0%
Total capital ratio	8.625%	8.0%	10.0%
Tier 1 leverage ratio	4.000%	4.0%	5.0%

Basel III Advanced Rules [Member]

Capital Ratios

The table below presents the ratios calculated in accordance with both the Standardized and Basel III Advanced Rules.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Common shareholders’ equity		$  75,690		$  75,528
Deductions for goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, net of deferred tax liabilities		(2,874	)	(2,814	)
Deductions for investments in nonconsolidated financial institutions		(424	)	(864	)
Other adjustments		(346	)	(487	)
Common Equity Tier 1		72,046		71,363
Preferred stock		11,203		11,200
Junior subordinated debt issued to trusts		—		330
Deduction for investments in covered funds		(445	)	(413	)
Other adjustments		(364	)	(969	)
Tier 1 capital		$  82,440		$  81,511
Standardized Tier 2 and Total capital
Tier 1 capital		$  82,440		$  81,511
Qualifying subordinated debt		14,566		15,132
Junior subordinated debt issued to trusts		792		990
Allowance for losses on loans and lending commitments		722		602
Other adjustments		(6	)	(19	)
Standardized Tier 2 capital		16,074		16,705
Standardized Total capital		$  98,514		$  98,216
Basel III Advanced Tier 2 and Total capital
Tier 1 capital		$  82,440		$  81,511
Standardized Tier 2 capital		16,074		16,705
Allowance for losses on loans and lending commitments		(722	)	(602	)
Basel III Advanced Tier 2 capital		15,352		16,103
Basel III Advanced Total capital		$  97,792		$  97,614
RWAs
Standardized		$496,676		$524,107
Basel III Advanced		549,650		577,651
CET1 ratio
Standardized		14.5%		13.6%
Basel III Advanced		13.1%		12.4%
Tier 1 capital ratio
Standardized		16.6%		15.6%
Basel III Advanced		15.0%		14.1%
Total capital ratio
Standardized		19.8%		18.7%
Basel III Advanced		17.8%		16.9%
Tier 1 leverage ratio		9.4%		9.3%

In the table above:

• The deductions for goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, net of deferred tax liabilities, include goodwill of $3.67 billion and $3.66 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, and identifiable intangible assets of $257 million (60% of $429 million) and $196 million (40% of $491 million) as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively, net of associated deferred tax liabilities of $1.05 billion and $1.04 billion as of December 2016 and December 2015, respectively. Goodwill is fully deducted from CET1, while the deduction for identifiable intangible assets is required to be phased into CET1 ratably over five years from 2014 to 2018. The balance that is not deducted during the transitional period is risk weighted.

• The deductions for investments in nonconsolidated financial institutions represent the amount by which the firm’s investments in the capital of nonconsolidated financial institutions exceed certain prescribed thresholds. The deduction for such investments is required to be phased into CET1 ratably over five years from 2014 to 2018. As of December 2016 and December 2015, CET1 reflects 60% and 40% of the deduction, respectively. The balance that is not deducted during the transitional period is risk weighted.

• The deduction for investments in covered funds represents the firm’s aggregate investments in applicable covered funds, as permitted by the Volcker Rule, that were purchased after December 2013. Substantially all of these investments in covered funds were purchased in connection with the firm’s market-making activities. This deduction was not subject to a transition period. See Note 6 for further information about the Volcker Rule.

• Other adjustments within CET1 and Tier 1 capital primarily include accumulated other comprehensive loss, credit valuation adjustments on derivative liabilities, the overfunded portion of the firm’s defined benefit pension plan obligation net of associated deferred tax liabilities, disallowed deferred tax assets and other required credit risk-based deductions. The deductions for such items are generally required to be phased into CET1 ratably over five years from 2014 to 2018. As of December 2016 and December 2015, CET1 reflects 60% and 40% of such deductions, respectively. The balance that is not deducted from CET1 during the transitional period is generally deducted from Tier 1 capital within other adjustments.

• As of December 2016, junior subordinated debt issued to trusts is fully phased out of Tier 1 capital, with 60% included in Tier 2 capital and 40% fully phased out of regulatory capital. As of December 2015, junior subordinated debt issued to trusts is reflected in both Tier 1 capital (25%) and Tier 2 capital (75%). Junior subordinated debt issued to trusts is reduced by the amount of trust preferred securities purchased by the firm and will be fully phased out of Tier 2 capital by 2022 at a rate of 10% per year. See Note 16 for additional information about the firm’s junior subordinated debt issued to trusts and trust preferred securities purchased by the firm.

• Qualifying subordinated debt is subordinated debt issued by Group Inc. with an original maturity of five years or greater. The outstanding amount of subordinated debt qualifying for Tier 2 capital is reduced upon reaching a remaining maturity of five years. See Note 16 for additional information about the firm’s subordinated debt.

Risk-weighted Assets

The tables below present the components of RWAs calculated in accordance with the Standardized and Basel III Advanced Rules.

	Standardized Capital Rules as of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Credit RWAs
Derivatives		$124,286	$136,841
Commitments, guarantees and loans		115,744	111,391
Securities financing transactions		71,319	71,392
Equity investments		41,428	37,687
Other		58,636	62,807
Total Credit RWAs		411,413	420,118
Market RWAs
Regulatory VaR		9,750	12,000
Stressed VaR		22,475	21,738
Incremental risk		7,875	9,513
Comprehensive risk		5,338	5,725
Specific risk		39,825	55,013
Total Market RWAs		85,263	103,989
Total RWAs		$496,676	$524,107

	Basel III Advanced Rules as of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Credit RWAs
Derivatives		$105,096	$113,671
Commitments, guarantees and loans		122,792	114,523
Securities financing transactions		14,673	14,901
Equity investments		44,095	40,110
Other		63,431	60,877
Total Credit RWAs		350,087	344,082
Market RWAs
Regulatory VaR		9,750	12,000
Stressed VaR		22,475	21,738
Incremental risk		7,875	9,513
Comprehensive risk		4,550	4,717
Specific risk		39,825	55,013
Total Market RWAs		84,475	102,981
Total Operational RWAs		115,088	130,588
Total RWAs		$549,650	$577,651

Risk-weighted Assets Rollforward

The table below presents changes in RWAs calculated in accordance with the Standardized and Basel III Advanced Rules for the year ended December 2016.

	Year Ended December 2016
$ in millions		Standardized		Basel III Advanced
Risk-Weighted Assets
Beginning balance		$524,107		$577,651
Credit RWAs
Change in deductions for transitional provisions		(531	)	(531	)
Change in:
Derivatives		(12,555	)	(8,575	)
Commitments, guarantees and loans		4,353		8,269
Securities financing transactions		(73	)	(228	)
Equity investments		4,196		4,440
Other		(4,095	)	2,630
Change in Credit RWAs		(8,705	)	6,005
Market RWAs
Change in:
Regulatory VaR		(2,250	)	(2,250	)
Stressed VaR		737		737
Incremental risk		(1,638	)	(1,638	)
Comprehensive risk		(387	)	(167	)
Specific risk		(15,188	)	(15,188	)
Change in Market RWAs		(18,726	)	(18,506	)
Operational RWAs
Change in operational risk		—		(15,500	)
Change in Operational RWAs		—		(15,500	)
Ending balance		$496,676		$549,650

The table below presents changes in RWAs calculated in accordance with the Standardized and Basel III Advanced Rules for the year ended December 2015.

	Year Ended December 2015
$ in millions		Standardized		Basel III Advanced
Risk-Weighted Assets
Beginning balance		$619,216		$570,313
Credit RWAs
Change in deductions for transitional provisions		(1,073	)	(1,073	)
Change in:
Derivatives		(43,930	)	(8,830	)
Commitments, guarantees and loans		21,608		19,314
Securities financing transactions		(20,724	)	(717	)
Equity investments		131		934
Other		(8,589	)	6,510
Change in Credit RWAs		(52,577	)	16,138
Market RWAs
Change in:
Regulatory VaR		1,762		1,762
Stressed VaR		(7,887	)	(7,887	)
Incremental risk		(7,437	)	(7,437	)
Comprehensive risk		(4,130	)	(3,433	)
Specific risk		(24,840	)	(24,905	)
Change in Market RWAs		(42,532	)	(41,900	)
Operational RWAs
Change in operational risk		—		33,100
Change in Operational RWAs		—		33,100
Ending balance		$524,107		$577,651

Hybrid Capital Rules [Member]

Capital Ratios

The table below presents the ratios for GS Bank USA calculated in accordance with both the Standardized and Basel III Advanced Rules.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Standardized
Common Equity Tier 1		$  24,485		$  23,017
Tier 1 capital		24,485		23,017
Tier 2 capital		2,382		2,311
Total capital		$  26,867		$  25,328
Basel III Advanced
Common Equity Tier 1		$  24,485		$  23,017
Tier 1 capital		24,485		23,017
Standardized Tier 2 capital		2,382		2,311
Allowance for losses on loans and lending commitments		(382	)	(311	)
Tier 2 capital		2,000		2,000
Total capital		$  26,485		$  25,017
RWAs
Standardized		$204,232		$202,197
Basel III Advanced		131,051		131,059
CET1 ratio
Standardized		12.0%		11.4%
Basel III Advanced		18.7%		17.6%
Tier 1 capital ratio
Standardized		12.0%		11.4%
Basel III Advanced		18.7%		17.6%
Total capital ratio
Standardized		13.2%		12.5%
Basel III Advanced		20.2%		19.1%
Tier 1 leverage ratio		14.4%		16.4%

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Earnings Per Common Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Common Share

The table below presents the computations of basic and diluted EPS.

	Year Ended December
in millions, except per share amounts		2016	2015	2014
Net earnings applicable to common shareholders		$7,087	$5,568	$8,077
Weighted average number of basic shares		427.4	448.9	458.9
Effect of dilutive securities:
RSUs		4.7	5.3	6.1
Stock options		3.0	4.4	8.2
Dilutive securities		7.7	9.7	14.3
Weighted average number of basic shares and dilutive securities		435.1	458.6	473.2
Basic EPS		$16.53	$12.35	$17.55
Diluted EPS		16.29	12.14	17.07

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Transactions with Affiliated Funds (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Text Block [Abstract]

Fees Earned from Affiliated Funds

The tables below present fees earned from affiliated funds

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016	2015	2014
Fees earned from funds		$2,777	$3,293	$3,232

Fees Receivable from Affiliated Funds and the Aggregate Carrying Value of the Firm's Interests in these Funds

The tables below present fees earned from affiliated funds and the aggregate carrying value of the firm’s interests in affiliated funds.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
Fees receivable from funds		$   554	$   599
Aggregate carrying value of interests in funds		6,841	7,768

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Interest Income and Interest Expense (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Banking and Thrift, Interest [Abstract]

Interest Income and Interest Expense

Interest is recorded over the life of the instrument on an accrual basis based on contractual interest rates. The table below presents the firm’s sources of interest income and interest expense.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015		2014
Interest income
Deposits with banks		$   452		$   241		$   227
Securities borrowed, securities purchased under agreements to resell and federal funds sold		691		17		(78	)
Financial instruments owned, at fair value		5,444		5,862		7,537
Loans receivable		1,843		1,191		708
Other interest		1,261		1,141		1,210
Total interest income		9,691		8,452		9,604
Interest expense
Deposits		878		408		333
Securities loaned and securities sold under agreements to repurchase		442		330		431
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value		1,251		1,319		1,741
Short-term secured and unsecured borrowings		446		429		447
Long-term secured and unsecured borrowings		4,242		3,878		3,460
Other interest		(155	)	(976	)	(855	)
Total interest expense		7,104		5,388		5,557
Net interest income		$2,587		$3,064		$4,047

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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Provision for Taxes

The tables below present the components of the provision for taxes and a reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to the firm’s effective income tax rate.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016	2015		2014
Current taxes
U.S. federal		$1,032	$1,116		$1,908
State and local		139	(12	)	576
Non-U.S.		1,184	1,166		901
Total current tax expense		2,355	2,270		3,385
Deferred taxes
U.S. federal		399	397		190
State and local		51	62		38
Non-U.S.		101	(34	)	267
Total deferred tax expense		551	425		495
Provision for taxes		$2,906	$2,695		$3,880

In the table above, for 2016 and 2015, state and local current taxes includes the impact of settlements of state and local examinations.

Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

	Year Ended December
		2016	2015	2014
U.S. federal statutory income tax rate		35.0%	35.0%	35.0%
State and local taxes, net of U.S. federal income tax effects		0.9%	0.3%	3.2%
Tax credits		(2.0)%	(1.7)%	(1.1)%
Non-U.S. operations		(6.7)%	(12.1)%	(5.8)%
Tax-exempt income, including dividends		(0.3)%	(0.7)%	(0.3)%
Non-deductible legal expenses		1.0%	10.2%	—
Other		0.3%	(0.3)%	0.4%
Effective income tax rate		28.2%	30.7%	31.4%

In the table above:

• Non-U.S. operations includes the impact of permanently reinvested earnings.

• State and local taxes, net of U.S. federal income tax effects, for 2016 and 2015, includes the impact of settlements of state and local examinations.

• Substantially all of the non-deductible legal expenses for 2015 relate to provisions for the settlement agreement with the RMBS Working Group.

Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The table below presents the significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities, excluding the impact of netting within tax jurisdictions.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Deferred tax assets
Compensation and benefits		$2,461		$2,744
ASC 740 asset related to unrecognized tax benefits		231		197
Non-U.S. operations		967		1,200
Net operating losses		427		426
Occupancy-related		100		80
Other comprehensive income-related		757		521
Other, net		394		836
Subtotal		5,337		6,004
Valuation allowance		(115	)	(73	)
Total deferred tax assets		$5,222		$5,931
Depreciation and amortization		$1,200		$1,254
Unrealized gains		342		853
Total deferred tax liabilities		$1,542		$2,107

Rollforward of Unrecognized Tax Benefits

The table below presents the changes in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits. This liability is included in “Other liabilities and accrued expenses.” See Note 17 for further information.

	Year Ended or as of December
$ in millions		2016		2015		2014
Beginning balance		$ 825		$ 871		$ 1,765
Increases based on tax positions related to the current year		113		65		204
Increases based on tax positions related to prior years		188		158		263
Decreases based on tax positions related to prior years		(88	)	(205	)	(241	)
Decreases related to settlements		(186	)	(87	)	(1,112	)
Exchange rate fluctuations		—		23		(8	)
Ending balance		$ 852		$ 825		$    871
Related deferred income tax asset		231		197		172
Net unrecognized tax benefit		$ 621		$ 628		$    699

Earliest Tax Years Subject to Examination by Major Jurisdiction

The table below presents the earliest tax years that remain subject to examination by major jurisdiction.

Jurisdiction	As of December 2016
U.S. Federal	2011
New York State and City	2007
United Kingdom	2014
Japan	2014
Hong Kong	2007

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Business Segments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Operating Results

	Year Ended or as of December
$ in millions		2016	2015	2014
Investment Banking
Financial Advisory		$    2,932	$    3,470	$    2,474
Equity underwriting		891	1,546	1,750
Debt underwriting		2,450	2,011	2,240
Total Underwriting		3,341	3,557	3,990
Total net revenues		6,273	7,027	6,464
Operating expenses		3,437	3,713	3,688
Pre-tax earnings		$    2,836	$    3,314	$    2,776
Segment assets		$    1,824	$    2,564	$    1,844
Institutional Client Services
Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution		$    7,556	$    7,322	$    8,461
Equities client execution		2,194	3,028	2,079
Commissions and fees		3,078	3,156	3,153
Securities services		1,639	1,645	1,504
Total Equities		6,911	7,829	6,736
Total net revenues		14,467	15,151	15,197
Operating expenses		9,713	13,938	10,880
Pre-tax earnings		$    4,754	$    1,213	$    4,317
Segment assets		$645,689	$663,394	$695,674
Investing & Lending
Equity securities		$    2,573	$    3,781	$    4,579
Debt securities and loans		1,507	1,655	2,246
Total net revenues		4,080	5,436	6,825
Operating expenses		2,386	2,402	2,819
Pre-tax earnings		$    1,694	$    3,034	$    4,006
Segment assets		$198,181	$179,428	$143,790
Investment Management
Management and other fees		$    4,798	$    4,887	$    4,800
Incentive fees		421	780	776
Transaction revenues		569	539	466
Total net revenues		5,788	6,206	6,042
Operating expenses		4,654	4,841	4,647
Pre-tax earnings		$    1,134	$    1,365	$    1,395
Segment assets		$  14,471	$  16,009	$  14,534
Total net revenues		$  30,608	$  33,820	$  34,528
Total operating expenses		20,304	25,042	22,171
Total pre-tax earnings		$  10,304	$    8,778	$  12,357
Total assets		$860,165	$861,395	$855,842

Net Interest Income

The table below presents the amounts of net interest income by segment included in net revenues.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016	2015	2014
Investment Banking		$      —	$      —	$      —
Institutional Client Services		1,456	2,472	3,679
Investing & Lending		880	418	237
Investment Management		251	174	131
Total net interest income		$2,587	$3,064	$4,047

Depreciation and Amortization

The table below presents the amounts of depreciation and amortization expense by segment included in pre-tax earnings.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016	2015	2014
Investment Banking		$   126	$   123	$   135
Institutional Client Services		489	462	525
Investing & Lending		215	253	530
Investment Management		168	153	147
Total depreciation and amortization		$   998	$   991	$1,337

Net Revenues, Pre-Tax Earnings and Net Earnings for Each Geographic Region

The table below presents the total net revenues, pre-tax earnings and net earnings of the firm by geographic region allocated based on the methodology referred to above, as well as the percentage of total net revenues, pre-tax earnings and net earnings (excluding Corporate) for each geographic region. In the table below, Asia includes Australia and New Zealand.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016			2015			2014
Net revenues
Americas		$18,144		60%	$19,202		56%	$20,062		58%
Europe, Middle East and Africa		8,040		26%	8,981		27%	9,057		26%
Asia		4,424		14%	5,637		17%	5,409		16%
Total net revenues		$30,608		100%	$33,820		100%	$34,528		100%
Pre-tax earnings
Americas		$  6,352		61%	$  3,359		37%	$  7,144		57%
Europe, Middle East and Africa		2,883		28%	3,364		38%	3,338		27%
Asia		1,183		11%	2,203		25%	2,012		16%
Subtotal		10,418		100%	8,926		100%	12,494		100%
Corporate		(114	)		(148	)		(137	)
Total pre-tax earnings		$10,304			$  8,778			$12,357
Net earnings
Americas		$  4,337		58%	$  1,587		26%	$  4,558		53%
Europe, Middle East and Africa		2,270		30%	2,914		47%	2,576		30%
Asia		870		12%	1,686		27%	1,434		17%
Subtotal		7,477		100%	6,187		100%	8,568		100%
Corporate		(79	)		(104	)		(91	)
Total net earnings		$  7,398			$  6,083			$  8,477

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Credit Concentrations (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]

Credit Concentration, Government and Federal Agency Obligations

The table below presents the credit concentrations in cash instruments held by the firm. Amounts in the table below are included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value.”

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
U.S. government and federal agency obligations		$57,657	$63,844
% of total assets		6.7%	7.4%
Non-U.S. government and agency obligations		$29,381	$31,772
% of total assets		3.4%	3.7%

Credit Concentration, Resale Agreements and Securities Borrowed

The table below presents U.S. government and federal agency obligations and non-U.S. government and agency obligations that collateralize resale agreements and securities borrowed transactions. Because the firm’s primary credit exposure on such transactions is to the counterparty to the transaction, the firm would be exposed to the collateral issuer only in the event of counterparty default. In the table below, non-U.S. government and agency obligations primarily consists of securities issued by the governments of France, the U.K., Japan and Germany.

	As of December
$ in millions		2016	2015
U.S. government and federal agency obligations		$89,721	$107,198
Non-U.S. government and agency obligations		80,234	74,326

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Employee Incentive Plans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Schedule of Restricted Stock Units, Vested and Expected to Vest

The table below presents the activity related to RSUs.

	Restricted Stock Units Outstanding					Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value of Restricted Stock Units Outstanding
		Future Service Required		No Future Service Required			Future Service Required	No Future Service Required
Outstanding, December 2015		5,649,156		22,082,601			$159.82	$148.00
Granted		4,452,358		11,071,140			138.48	134.90
Forfeited		(501,094	)	(387,417	)		153.98	149.60
Delivered		—		(14,541,074	)		—	142.85
Vested		(3,977,181	)	3,977,181			154.44	154.44
Outstanding, December 2016		5,623,239		22,202,431			147.25	145.97

In the table above:

• The weighted average grant-date fair value of RSUs granted during 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $135.92, $160.19 and $151.40, respectively. The fair value of the RSUs granted during 2016, 2015 and 2014 includes a liquidity discount of 10.5%, 9.2% and 13.8%, respectively, to reflect post-vesting and delivery transfer restrictions of up to 4 years.

• The aggregate fair value of awards that vested during 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $2.26 billion, $2.40 billion and $2.39 billion, respectively.

• Delivered RSUs include RSUs that were cash settled.

• RSUs outstanding include restricted stock subject to future service requirements as of December 2016 and December 2015 of 39,957 and 6,354 shares, respectively.

Schedule of Stock Options Activity

The table below presents the activity related to outstanding stock options, all of which were granted in 2006 through 2008.

	Options Outstanding		Weighted Average Exercise Price	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in millions)	Weighted Average Remaining Life (years)
Outstanding, December 2015	14,756,275		$128.79	$891	2.38
Exercised	(6,795,087	)	135.16
Outstanding, December 2016	7,961,188		123.36	924	1.61
Exercisable, December 2016	7,961,188		123.36	924	1.61

Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Tax Benefit from Compensation Expense

The table below presents the share-based compensation and the related excess tax benefit.

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016	2015	2014
Share-based compensation		$2,170	$2,304	$2,101
Excess net tax benefit for options exercised		79	134	549
Excess net tax benefit for other share-based awards		147	406	788

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Parent Company (Tables) - Group Inc. [Member]

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Group Condensed Statement of Earnings

Group Inc. — Condensed Statements of Earnings

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015		2014
Revenues
Dividends from subsidiaries:
Bank subsidiaries		$     53		$     32		$     16
Nonbank subsidiaries		5,465		3,181		2,739
Other revenues		155		(132	)	826
Total non-interest revenues		5,673		3,081		3,581
Interest income		4,140		3,519		3,769
Interest expense		4,543		4,165		3,802
Net interest loss		(403	)	(646	)	(33	)
Net revenues, including net interest loss		5,270		2,435		3,548
Operating expenses
Compensation and benefits		343		498		411
Other expenses		332		188		282
Total operating expenses		675		686		693
Pre-tax earnings		4,595		1,749		2,855
Provision/(benefit) for taxes		(518	)	(828	)	(292	)
Undistributed earnings of subsidiaries		2,285		3,506		5,330
Net earnings		7,398		6,083		8,477
Preferred stock dividends		311		515		400
Net earnings applicable to common shareholders		$7,087		$5,568		$8,077

Group Condensed Statement of Financial Condition

Group Inc. — Condensed Statements of Financial Condition

	As of December
$ in millions		2016		2015
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents:
With third party banks		$         81		$         36
With subsidiary bank		3,000		1,300
Loans to and receivables from subsidiaries:
Bank subsidiaries		9,131		9,494
Nonbank subsidiaries		179,899		179,826
Investments in subsidiaries and other affiliates:
Bank subsidiaries		25,571		23,985
Nonbank subsidiaries and other affiliates		67,203		61,533
Financial instruments owned, at fair value		4,524		4,410
Other assets		6,273		7,472
Total assets		$295,682		$288,056
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity
Payables to subsidiaries		$       875		$       591
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value		775		443
Unsecured short-term borrowings:
With third parties (includes $3,256 as of December 2016 and $4,924 as of December 2015, at fair value)		27,159		29,547
With subsidiaries		999		628
Unsecured long-term borrowings:
With third parties (includes $17,591 as of December 2016 and $16,194 as of December 2015, at fair value)		172,164		164,718
With subsidiaries		5,233		3,854
Other liabilities and accrued expenses		1,584		1,547
Total liabilities		208,789		201,328
Commitments, contingencies and guarantees
Shareholders’ equity
Preferred stock		11,203		11,200
Common stock		9		9
Share-based awards		3,914		4,151
Additional paid-in capital		52,638		51,340
Retained earnings		89,039		83,386
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(1,216	)	(718)
Stock held in treasury, at cost		(68,694	)	(62,640)
Total shareholders’ equity		86,893		86,728
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity		$295,682		$288,056

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Group Inc. — Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

	Year Ended December
$ in millions		2016		2015	2014
Cash flows from operating activities
Net earnings		$   7,398		$    6,083	$   8,477
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities:
Undistributed earnings of subsidiaries		(2,285	)	(3,506)	(5,330)
Depreciation and amortization		52		50	42
Deferred income taxes		134		86	(4)
Share-based compensation		193		178	188
Loss/(gain) related to extinguishment of junior subordinated debt		3		(34)	(289)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Financial instruments owned, at fair value		(1,580	)	(620)	6,766
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value		332		274	(252)
Other, net		(993	)	(56)	(5,793)
Net cash provided by operating activities		3,254		2,455	3,805
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of property, leasehold improvements and equipment		(79	)	(33)	(15)
Issuances of short-term loans to subsidiaries, net		(3,994	)	(24,417)	(4,099)
Issuance of term loans to subsidiaries		(28,498	)	(8,632)	(8,803)
Repayments of term loans by subsidiaries		32,265		24,196	3,979
Capital distributions from/(contributions to) subsidiaries, net		(3,265	)	(1,500)	865
Net cash used for investing activities		(3,571	)	(10,386)	(8,073)
Cash flows from financing activities
Unsecured short-term borrowings, net		2,112		(2,684)	963
Proceeds from issuance of long-term borrowings		40,708		42,795	37,101
Repayment of long-term borrowings, including the current portion		(33,314	)	(27,726)	(27,931)
Purchase of APEX, trust preferred securities and senior guaranteed trust securities		(1,171	)	(1)	(1,801)
Common stock repurchased		(6,078	)	(4,135)	(5,469)
Dividends and dividend equivalents paid on common stock, preferred stock and share-based awards		(1,706	)	(1,681)	(1,454)
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock, net of issuance costs		1,303		1,993	1,980
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, including exercise of share-based awards		6		259	123
Excess tax benefit related to share-based awards		202		407	782
Cash settlement of share-based awards		—		(2)	(1)
Net cash provided by financing activities		2,062		9,225	4,293
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		1,745		1,294	25
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning balance		1,336		42	17
Cash and cash equivalents, ending balance		$   3,081		$    1,336	$        42

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Description of Business - Additional Information (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016 Segment
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Number of business segments	4

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Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Summary of Accounting and Financial Policies [Line Items]
Cash and due from banks			$ 11,150	$ 14,710
Interest-bearing deposits with banks			110,560	78,730
Cash segregated for regulatory and other purposes			14,650	18,330
Loans held for sale			2,600	2,350
Impact of adoption of accounting standard ASU No. 2016-18			(3,690)	$ 909	$ (309)
Accounting Standards Update 2015-02 [Member] | Scenario, Fact [Member]
Summary of Accounting and Financial Policies [Line Items]
Impact of adoption of accounting standard ASU No. 2015-02			200
Accounting Standards Update 2016-09 [Member] | Scenario, Forecast [Member]
Summary of Accounting and Financial Policies [Line Items]
Estimated reduction to the provision for taxes from the impact of the RSU deliveries and option exercises in 1Q 2017		$ (450)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member] | Accounting Standards Update 2016-01 [Member]
Summary of Accounting and Financial Policies [Line Items]
Reclassification of cumulative debt valuation adjustment, net of tax, from retained earnings to accumulated other comprehensive loss	$ 305		$ 305

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Financial Instruments Owned, at Fair Value and Financial Instruments Sold, But Not Yet Purchased, at Fair Value - Financial Instruments Owned and Financial Instruments Sold, But Not Yet Purchased (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	$ 295,952	$ 313,502
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	117,143	115,248
Cash Instruments Assets [Member]
Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	235,815	251,855
Investments in funds at NAV	6,465	7,757
Subtotal	242,280	259,612
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Money Market Instruments [Member]
Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	1,319	4,683
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | U.S. Government and Federal Agency Obligations [Member]
Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	57,657	63,844
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Non-U.S. Government and Agency Obligations [Member]
Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	29,381	31,772
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Loans and Securities Backed by Commercial Real Estate [Member]
Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	3,842	4,975
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Loans and Securities Backed by Residential Real Estate [Member]
Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	12,195	13,183
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Corporate Loans And Debt Securities [Member]
Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	28,659	28,804
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | State and Municipal Obligations [Member]
Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	1,059	992
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Other Debt Obligations [Member]
Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	1,358	1,595
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Equities and Convertible Debentures [Member]
Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	94,692	98,072
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Commodities [Member]
Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	5,653	3,935
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member]
Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	69,644	68,477
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | U.S. Government and Federal Agency Obligations [Member]
Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	16,627	15,516
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | Non-U.S. Government and Agency Obligations [Member]
Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	20,502	14,973
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | Loans and Securities Backed by Commercial Real Estate [Member]
Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value		4
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | Loans and Securities Backed by Residential Real Estate [Member]
Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	3	2
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | Corporate Loans And Debt Securities [Member]
Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	6,570	6,584
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | State and Municipal Obligations [Member]
Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value		2
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | Other Debt Obligations [Member]
Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	1	2
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | Equities and Convertible Debentures [Member]
Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	25,941	31,394
Derivatives [Member]
Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	53,672	53,890
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	$ 47,499	$ 46,771

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Financial Instruments Owned, at Fair Value and Financial Instruments Sold, But Not Yet Purchased, at Fair Value - Gains and Losses from Market Making and Other Principal Transactions (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]
Market making	$ 9,933	$ 9,523	$ 8,365
Other principal transactions	3,200	5,018	6,588
Trading Activity, Gains and Losses, Net	13,133	14,541	14,953
Interest Rates [Member]
Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]
Market making	(1,979)	(1,360)	(5,316)
Credit [Member]
Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]
Market making	1,854	920	2,982
Foreign Exchange [Member]
Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]
Market making	6,158	3,345	6,566
Equities [Member]
Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]
Market making	2,873	5,515	2,683
Commodities [Member]
Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]
Market making	$ 1,027	$ 1,103	$ 1,450

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Fair Value Measurements - Financial Assets Liabilities Summary (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	$ 497,693	$ 526,687
Total assets	$ 860,165	$ 861,395	$ 855,842
Total level 3 financial assets as a percentage of total assets	2.70%	2.80%
Total level 3 financial assets as a percentage of total financial assets at fair value	4.70%	4.60%
Total financial liabilities at fair value	$ 271,284	$ 280,939
Total level 3 financial liabilities as a percentage of total financial liabilities at fair value	7.90%	6.00%
Counterparty and Cash Collateral Netting [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	$ (87,038)	$ (90,612)
Total financial liabilities at fair value	(44,695)	(41,430)
Investments in funds at NAV [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	6,465	7,757
Level 1 [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	135,401	153,051
Total financial liabilities at fair value	62,504	59,798
Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	419,585	432,445
Total financial liabilities at fair value	232,027	245,759
Level 3 [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	23,280	24,046
Total financial liabilities at fair value	$ 21,448	$ 16,812

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Fair Value Measurements - Financial Assets Liabilities Summary (Parenthetical) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Billions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Assets accounted at fair value or approximate fair value	$ 835	$ 836

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Fair Value Measurements - Total Level 3 Financial Assets (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	$ 497,693	$ 526,687
Derivatives [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	140,710	144,502
Level 3 [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	23,280	24,046
Level 3 [Member] | Cash Instruments Assets [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	18,035	18,131
Level 3 [Member] | Derivatives [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	5,190	5,870
Level 3 [Member] | Other Assets at Fair Value [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	$ 55	$ 45

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Cash Instruments - Cash Instruments by Level (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	$ 295,952	$ 313,502
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	(117,143)	(115,248)
Cash Instruments Assets [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	235,815	251,855
Investments in funds measured at NAV	6,465	7,757
Total cash instrument assets	242,280	259,612
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Level 1 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	135,366	153,001
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	82,414	80,723
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Level 3 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	18,035	18,131
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Money Market Instruments [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	1,319	4,683
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Money Market Instruments [Member] | Level 1 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	188	2,725
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Money Market Instruments [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	1,131	1,958
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | U.S. Government and Federal Agency Obligations [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	57,657	63,844
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | U.S. Government and Federal Agency Obligations [Member] | Level 1 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	35,254	42,306
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | U.S. Government and Federal Agency Obligations [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	22,403	21,538
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Non-U.S. Government and Agency Obligations [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	29,381	31,772
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Non-U.S. Government and Agency Obligations [Member] | Level 1 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	22,433	26,500
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Non-U.S. Government and Agency Obligations [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	6,933	5,260
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Non-U.S. Government and Agency Obligations [Member] | Level 3 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	15	12
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Loans and Securities Backed by Commercial Real Estate [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	3,842	4,975
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Loans and Securities Backed by Commercial Real Estate [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	2,197	3,051
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Loans and Securities Backed by Commercial Real Estate [Member] | Level 3 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	1,645	1,924
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Loans and Securities Backed by Residential Real Estate [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	12,195	13,183
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Loans and Securities Backed by Residential Real Estate [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	11,350	11,418
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Loans and Securities Backed by Residential Real Estate [Member] | Level 3 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	845	1,765
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Corporate Loans And Debt Securities [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	28,659	28,804
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Corporate Loans And Debt Securities [Member] | Level 1 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	215	218
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Corporate Loans And Debt Securities [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	23,804	23,344
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Corporate Loans And Debt Securities [Member] | Level 3 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	4,640	5,242
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | State and Municipal Obligations [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	1,059	992
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | State and Municipal Obligations [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	960	891
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | State and Municipal Obligations [Member] | Level 3 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	99	101
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Other Debt Obligations [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	1,358	1,595
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Other Debt Obligations [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	830	1,057
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Other Debt Obligations [Member] | Level 3 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	528	538
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Equities and Convertible Debentures [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	94,692	98,072
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Equities and Convertible Debentures [Member] | Level 1 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	77,276	81,252
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Equities and Convertible Debentures [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	7,153	8,271
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Equities and Convertible Debentures [Member] | Level 3 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	10,263	8,549
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Commodities [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	5,653	3,935
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Commodities [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	5,653	3,935
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	(69,644)	(68,477)
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | Level 1 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	(61,522)	(59,769)
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	(8,060)	(8,515)
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | Level 3 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	(62)	(193)
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | U.S. Government and Federal Agency Obligations [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	(16,627)	(15,516)
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | U.S. Government and Federal Agency Obligations [Member] | Level 1 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	(16,615)	(15,455)
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | U.S. Government and Federal Agency Obligations [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	(12)	(61)
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | Non-U.S. Government and Agency Obligations [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	(20,502)	(14,973)
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | Non-U.S. Government and Agency Obligations [Member] | Level 1 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	(19,137)	(13,522)
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | Non-U.S. Government and Agency Obligations [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	(1,364)	(1,451)
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | Non-U.S. Government and Agency Obligations [Member] | Level 3 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	(1)
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | Loans and Securities Backed by Commercial Real Estate [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value		(4)
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | Loans and Securities Backed by Commercial Real Estate [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value		(4)
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | Loans and Securities Backed by Residential Real Estate [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	(3)	(2)
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | Loans and Securities Backed by Residential Real Estate [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	(3)	(2)
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | Corporate Loans And Debt Securities [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	(6,570)	(6,584)
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | Corporate Loans And Debt Securities [Member] | Level 1 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	(2)	(2)
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | Corporate Loans And Debt Securities [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	(6,524)	(6,456)
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | Corporate Loans And Debt Securities [Member] | Level 3 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	(44)	(126)
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | State and Municipal Obligations [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value		(2)
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | State and Municipal Obligations [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value		(2)
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | Other Debt Obligations [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	(1)	(2)
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | Other Debt Obligations [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	(1)	(1)
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | Other Debt Obligations [Member] | Level 3 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value		(1)
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | Equities and Convertible Debentures [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	(25,941)	(31,394)
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | Equities and Convertible Debentures [Member] | Level 1 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	(25,768)	(30,790)
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | Equities and Convertible Debentures [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	(156)	(538)
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member] | Equities and Convertible Debentures [Member] | Level 3 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	$ (17)	$ (66)

XML

Cash Instruments - Cash Instruments by Level (Parenthetical) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	$ 295,952	$ 313,502
Cash Instruments Assets [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	235,815	251,855
Level 2 [Member] | Cash Instruments Assets [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	82,414	80,723
Level 2 [Member] | Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | CDOs and CLOs Backed by Real Estate and Corporate Obligations [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	461	405
Level 3 [Member] | Cash Instruments Assets [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	18,035	18,131
Level 3 [Member] | Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | CDOs and CLOs Backed by Real Estate and Corporate Obligations [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	624	774
Level 3 [Member] | Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Private Equity Funds [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	9,440	7,690
Level 3 [Member] | Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Real Estate Investment [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	374	308
Level 3 [Member] | Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Convertible Debt Securities [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	$ 451	$ 552

XML

Cash Instruments - Fair Value, Cash Instruments, Measurement Inputs, Disclosure (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	$ 497,693	$ 526,687
Loans and Securities Backed by Commercial Real Estate [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Yield	3.70%	3.50%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Recovery Rate	8.90%	19.60%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Duration	9 months 18 days	3 months 18 days
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Basis (points)		(0.11%)
Loans and Securities Backed by Commercial Real Estate [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Yield	23.00%	22.00%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Recovery Rate	99.00%	96.50%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Duration	6 years 2 months 12 days	5 years 3 months 18 days
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Basis (points)		0.04%
Loans and Securities Backed by Commercial Real Estate [Member] | Weighted Average [Member]
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Yield	13.00%	11.80%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Recovery Rate	60.60%	59.40%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Duration	2 years 1 month 6 days	2 years 3 months 18 days
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Basis (points)		(0.02%)
Loans and Securities Backed by Residential Real Estate [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Yield	0.80%	3.20%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Cumulative Loss Rate	8.90%	4.60%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Duration	1 year 1 month 6 days	1 year 6 months
Loans and Securities Backed by Residential Real Estate [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Yield	15.60%	17.00%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Cumulative Loss Rate	47.10%	44.20%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Duration	16 years 1 month 6 days	13 years 9 months 18 days
Loans and Securities Backed by Residential Real Estate [Member] | Weighted Average [Member]
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Yield	8.70%	7.90%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Cumulative Loss Rate	24.20%	27.30%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Duration	7 years 3 months 18 days	7 years
Corporate Loans And Debt Securities [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Yield	2.50%	1.60%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Recovery Rate	0.00%	0.00%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Duration	7 months 6 days	8 months 12 days
Corporate Loans And Debt Securities [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Yield	25.00%	36.60%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Recovery Rate	85.00%	85.60%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Duration	15 years 8 months 12 days	6 years 1 month 6 days
Corporate Loans And Debt Securities [Member] | Weighted Average [Member]
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Yield	10.30%	10.70%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Recovery Rate	56.50%	54.80%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Duration	2 years 10 months 24 days	2 years 6 months
Equities and Convertible Debentures [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Multiples	0.8	0.7
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Discount Rate/Yield	6.50%	7.10%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Growth Rate		3.00%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Capitalization Rates	4.20%	5.50%
Equities and Convertible Debentures [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Multiples	19.7	21.4
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Discount Rate/Yield	25.00%	20.00%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Growth Rate		5.20%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Capitalization Rates	12.50%	12.50%
Equities and Convertible Debentures [Member] | Weighted Average [Member]
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Multiples	6.8	6.4
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Discount Rate/Yield	16.00%	14.80%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Growth Rate		4.50%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Capitalization Rates	6.80%	7.60%
Other Cash Instruments [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Yield	1.90%	0.90%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Recovery Rate	0.00%	2.70%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Duration	10 months 24 days	1 year 1 month 6 days
Other Cash Instruments [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Yield	14.00%	17.90%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Recovery Rate	93.00%	35.50%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Duration	12 years	11 years 4 months 24 days
Other Cash Instruments [Member] | Weighted Average [Member]
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Yield	8.80%	8.70%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Recovery Rate	61.40%	25.00%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Duration	4 years 3 months 18 days	7 years
Level 3 [Member]
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	$ 23,280	$ 24,046
Level 3 [Member] | Loans and Securities Backed by Commercial Real Estate [Member]
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	1,645	1,924
Level 3 [Member] | Loans and Securities Backed by Residential Real Estate [Member]
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	845	1,765
Level 3 [Member] | Corporate Loans And Debt Securities [Member]
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	4,640	5,242
Level 3 [Member] | Equities and Convertible Debentures [Member]
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	10,263	8,549
Level 3 [Member] | Other Cash Instruments [Member]
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	$ 642	$ 651

XML

Cash Instruments - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Transfers of cash instruments from level 1 to level 2	$ 135	$ 260
Transfers of cash instruments from level 2 to level 1	267	283
Cash Instruments Assets [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Net gains / (losses) on assets	971	1,660
Net realized gains / (losses) on assets	574	957
Net unrealized gains / (losses) on assets relating to instruments still held at the reporting date	397	701
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Market making [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Net gains / (losses) on assets	(311)	(142)
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Other Principal Transactions [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Net gains / (losses) on assets	625	1,080
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Interest Income [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Net gains / (losses) on assets	657	718
Cash Instruments [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Net unrealized gains / (losses) on assets relating to instruments still held at the reporting date	$ 397	$ 701

XML

Cash Instruments - Cash Instruments, Level 3 Rollforward (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Cash Instruments Assets [Member]
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value, Beginning Balance	$ 18,131	$ 28,650
Net Realized Gains / (Losses)	574	957
Net Unrealized Gains / (Losses)	397	701
Purchases	3,072	3,840
Sales	(2,326)	(3,842)
Settlements	(3,503)	(6,472)
Transfers Into Level 3	3,405	1,798
Transfers Out Of Level 3	(1,715)	(7,501)
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value, Ending Balance	18,035	18,131
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Loans and Securities Backed by Commercial Real Estate [Member]
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value, Beginning Balance	1,924	3,275
Net Realized Gains / (Losses)	60	120
Net Unrealized Gains / (Losses)	(19)	44
Purchases	331	566
Sales	(320)	(598)
Settlements	(617)	(1,569)
Transfers Into Level 3	510	351
Transfers Out Of Level 3	(224)	(265)
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value, Ending Balance	1,645	1,924
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Loans and Securities Backed by Residential Real Estate [Member]
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value, Beginning Balance	1,765	2,545
Net Realized Gains / (Losses)	60	150
Net Unrealized Gains / (Losses)	26	34
Purchases	298	564
Sales	(791)	(609)
Settlements	(278)	(327)
Transfers Into Level 3	73	188
Transfers Out Of Level 3	(308)	(780)
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value, Ending Balance	845	1,765
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Corporate Loans And Debt Securities [Member]
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value, Beginning Balance	5,242	10,606
Net Realized Gains / (Losses)	261	406
Net Unrealized Gains / (Losses)	34	(234)
Purchases	1,078	1,279
Sales	(645)	(1,668)
Settlements	(1,823)	(3,152)
Transfers Into Level 3	1,023	752
Transfers Out Of Level 3	(530)	(2,747)
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value, Ending Balance	4,640	5,242
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Equities and Convertible Debentures [Member]
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value, Beginning Balance	8,549	11,108
Net Realized Gains / (Losses)	158	251
Net Unrealized Gains / (Losses)	371	844
Purchases	1,122	1,295
Sales	(412)	(744)
Settlements	(634)	(1,193)
Transfers Into Level 3	1,732	466
Transfers Out Of Level 3	(623)	(3,478)
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value, Ending Balance	10,263	8,549
Cash Instruments Assets [Member] | Other Cash Instruments [Member]
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value, Beginning Balance	651	1,116
Net Realized Gains / (Losses)	35	30
Net Unrealized Gains / (Losses)	(15)	13
Purchases	243	136
Sales	(158)	(223)
Settlements	(151)	(231)
Transfers Into Level 3	67	41
Transfers Out Of Level 3	(30)	(231)
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value, Ending Balance	642	651
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member]
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Liability Value, Beginning Balance	(193)	(244)
Net Realized Gains / (Losses)	20	(28)
Net Unrealized Gains / (Losses)	19	(21)
Purchases	91	205
Sales	(49)	(38)
Settlements	(7)	(14)
Transfers Into Level 3	(12)	(116)
Transfers Out Of Level 3	69	63
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Liability Value, Ending Balance	$ (62)	$ (193)

XML

Cash Instruments - Investments in Funds that are Calculated Using Net Asset Value Per Share (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Cash Instruments Assets [Member]
Fair Value, Investments, Entities That Are Calculated Using Net Asset Value Per Share [Line Items]
Fair Value of Investments	$ 6,465	$ 7,757
Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member]
Fair Value, Investments, Entities That Are Calculated Using Net Asset Value Per Share [Line Items]
Unfunded Commitments	1,831	2,697
Private Equity Funds [Member] | Cash Instruments Assets [Member]
Fair Value, Investments, Entities That Are Calculated Using Net Asset Value Per Share [Line Items]
Fair Value of Investments	4,628	5,414
Private Equity Funds [Member] | Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member]
Fair Value, Investments, Entities That Are Calculated Using Net Asset Value Per Share [Line Items]
Unfunded Commitments	1,393	2,057
Credit Funds [Member] | Cash Instruments Assets [Member]
Fair Value, Investments, Entities That Are Calculated Using Net Asset Value Per Share [Line Items]
Fair Value of Investments	421	611
Credit Funds [Member] | Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member]
Fair Value, Investments, Entities That Are Calculated Using Net Asset Value Per Share [Line Items]
Unfunded Commitments	166	344
Hedge Funds [Member] | Cash Instruments Assets [Member]
Fair Value, Investments, Entities That Are Calculated Using Net Asset Value Per Share [Line Items]
Fair Value of Investments	410	560
Real Estate Funds [Member] | Cash Instruments Assets [Member]
Fair Value, Investments, Entities That Are Calculated Using Net Asset Value Per Share [Line Items]
Fair Value of Investments	1,006	1,172
Real Estate Funds [Member] | Cash Instruments Liabilities [Member]
Fair Value, Investments, Entities That Are Calculated Using Net Asset Value Per Share [Line Items]
Unfunded Commitments	$ 272	$ 296

XML

Derivatives and Hedging Activities - Fair Value of Derivatives on a Gross Basis (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Derivative [Line Items]
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Asset Contracts	$ 706,239	$ 774,189
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Liability Contracts	657,723	717,888
Derivative Assets	53,672	53,890
Derivative Liabilities	47,499	46,771
Cash collateral received	(535)	(498)
Cash collateral posted	(2,085)	(1,935)
Securities collateral received	(15,518)	(14,008)
Securities collateral posted	(10,224)	(10,044)
Total	37,619	39,384
Total	35,190	34,792
Notional amount	41,375,552	47,493,007
Counterparty Netting [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Offset amounts	(567,238)	(631,167)
Offset amounts	(567,238)	(631,167)
Cash Collateral Netting [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Offset amounts	(85,329)	(89,132)
Offset amounts	(42,986)	(39,950)
Counterparty and Cash Collateral Netting [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Offset amounts	(652,567)	(720,299)
Offset amounts	(610,224)	(671,117)
Derivative Contract not Designated as Hedges [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Asset Contracts	697,627	762,822
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Liability Contracts	657,453	717,750
Notional amount	41,273,370	47,369,591
Derivative Contract not Designated as Hedges [Member] | Interest Rate Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Asset Contracts	498,951	557,098
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Liability Contracts	458,819	514,139
Notional amount	32,203,119	38,095,360
Derivative Contract not Designated as Hedges [Member] | Credit Risk Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Asset Contracts	26,367	40,882
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Liability Contracts	23,581	36,775
Notional amount	1,424,345	1,892,050
Derivative Contract not Designated as Hedges [Member] | Foreign Exchange Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Asset Contracts	111,864	97,008
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Liability Contracts	107,292	99,567
Notional amount	5,653,347	5,489,630
Derivative Contract not Designated as Hedges [Member] | Commodity Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Asset Contracts	12,353	20,674
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Liability Contracts	13,871	21,071
Notional amount	428,112	437,054
Derivative Contract not Designated as Hedges [Member] | Equity Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Asset Contracts	48,092	47,160
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Liability Contracts	53,890	46,198
Notional amount	1,564,447	1,455,497
Derivative Contracts Accounted for as Hedges [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Asset Contracts	8,612	11,367
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Liability Contracts	270	138
Notional amount	102,182	123,416
Derivative Contracts Accounted for as Hedges [Member] | Interest Rate Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Asset Contracts	8,527	11,227
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Liability Contracts	166	105
Notional amount	91,935	113,468
Derivative Contracts Accounted for as Hedges [Member] | Foreign Exchange Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Asset Contracts	85	140
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Liability Contracts	104	33
Notional amount	10,247	9,948
Exchange-Traded [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	2,547	3,464
Derivative Liabilities	2,082	2,617
Exchange-Traded [Member] | Counterparty Netting [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Offset amounts	(9,727)	(9,398)
Offset amounts	(9,727)	(9,398)
Exchange-Traded [Member] | Derivative Contract not Designated as Hedges [Member] | Interest Rate Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Asset Contracts	443	310
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Liability Contracts	382	280
Notional amount	4,425,532	4,402,843
Exchange-Traded [Member] | Derivative Contract not Designated as Hedges [Member] | Foreign Exchange Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Asset Contracts	36	183
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Liability Contracts	176	204
Notional amount	13,800	13,073
Exchange-Traded [Member] | Derivative Contract not Designated as Hedges [Member] | Commodity Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Asset Contracts	3,219	2,997
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Liability Contracts	3,187	3,623
Notional amount	227,707	203,465
Exchange-Traded [Member] | Derivative Contract not Designated as Hedges [Member] | Equity Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Asset Contracts	8,576	9,372
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Liability Contracts	8,064	7,908
Notional amount	605,335	528,419
OTC-Cleared [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	246	384
Derivative Liabilities	144	216
OTC-Cleared [Member] | Counterparty Netting [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Offset amounts	(171,864)	(194,928)
Offset amounts	(171,864)	(194,928)
OTC-Cleared [Member] | Cash Collateral Netting [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Offset amounts	(27,560)	(26,151)
Offset amounts	(2,940)	(3,305)
OTC-Cleared [Member] | Derivative Contract not Designated as Hedges [Member] | Interest Rate Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Asset Contracts	189,471	211,272
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Liability Contracts	168,946	192,401
Notional amount	16,646,145	20,738,687
OTC-Cleared [Member] | Derivative Contract not Designated as Hedges [Member] | Credit Risk Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Asset Contracts	4,837	5,203
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Liability Contracts	4,811	5,596
Notional amount	378,432	339,244
OTC-Cleared [Member] | Derivative Contract not Designated as Hedges [Member] | Foreign Exchange Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Asset Contracts	796	165
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Liability Contracts	798	128
Notional amount	62,799	14,617
OTC-Cleared [Member] | Derivative Contract not Designated as Hedges [Member] | Commodity Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Asset Contracts	189	232
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Liability Contracts	197	233
Notional amount	3,506	2,839
OTC-Cleared [Member] | Derivative Contracts Accounted for as Hedges [Member] | Interest Rate Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Asset Contracts	4,347	4,567
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Liability Contracts	156	85
Notional amount	55,328	51,446
OTC-Cleared [Member] | Derivative Contracts Accounted for as Hedges [Member] | Foreign Exchange Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Asset Contracts	30	24
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Liability Contracts	40	6
Notional amount	1,703	1,333
Bilateral OTC [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	50,879	50,042
Derivative Liabilities	45,273	43,938
Bilateral OTC [Member] | Counterparty Netting [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Offset amounts	(385,647)	(426,841)
Offset amounts	(385,647)	(426,841)
Bilateral OTC [Member] | Cash Collateral Netting [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Offset amounts	(57,769)	(62,981)
Offset amounts	(40,046)	(36,645)
Bilateral OTC [Member] | Derivative Contract not Designated as Hedges [Member] | Interest Rate Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Asset Contracts	309,037	345,516
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Liability Contracts	289,491	321,458
Notional amount	11,131,442	12,953,830
Bilateral OTC [Member] | Derivative Contract not Designated as Hedges [Member] | Credit Risk Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Asset Contracts	21,530	35,679
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Liability Contracts	18,770	31,179
Notional amount	1,045,913	1,552,806
Bilateral OTC [Member] | Derivative Contract not Designated as Hedges [Member] | Foreign Exchange Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Asset Contracts	111,032	96,660
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Liability Contracts	106,318	99,235
Notional amount	5,576,748	5,461,940
Bilateral OTC [Member] | Derivative Contract not Designated as Hedges [Member] | Commodity Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Asset Contracts	8,945	17,445
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Liability Contracts	10,487	17,215
Notional amount	196,899	230,750
Bilateral OTC [Member] | Derivative Contract not Designated as Hedges [Member] | Equity Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Asset Contracts	39,516	37,788
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Liability Contracts	45,826	38,290
Notional amount	959,112	927,078
Bilateral OTC [Member] | Derivative Contracts Accounted for as Hedges [Member] | Interest Rate Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Asset Contracts	4,180	6,660
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Liability Contracts	10	20
Notional amount	36,607	62,022
Bilateral OTC [Member] | Derivative Contracts Accounted for as Hedges [Member] | Foreign Exchange Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Asset Contracts	55	116
Total Gross Fair Value of Derivative Liability Contracts	64	27
Notional amount	$ 8,544	$ 8,615

XML

Derivatives and Hedging Activities - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Derivative [Line Items]
Gross Fair Value of Derivative Asset Contracts Not Enforceable	$ 19,920	$ 17,090
Gross Fair Value of Derivative Liability Contracts Not Enforceable	20,790	18,160
Net Gains / (Losses) on Derivative assets and liabilities	740	746
Net Realized Gains / (Losses) on Derivative assets and liabilities	(37)	67
Net Unrealized Gains / (Losses) on Derivative assets and liabilities	777	679
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Written Credit Derivative	690,466	923,477
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Purchased Credit Derivatives	733,980	968,680
Net purchased protection notional value of credit derivatives	43,510	45,200
Net Gains (Losses), Including Hedges, Attributable to the Impact of Changes in Credit Exposure and Credit Spreads on Derivative Contracts	85	9	$ 135
Gain reclassified to earnings from accumulated other comprehensive income	167
Foreign Currency Denominated Debt Designated As Foreign Currency Hedge	1,690	2,200
Market making [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Net Gains / (Losses) on Derivative assets and liabilities	980	518
Other Principal Transactions [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Net Gains / (Losses) on Derivative assets and liabilities	$ (240)	$ 228

XML

Derivatives and Hedging Activities - Fair Value of Derivatives by Level (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Derivative [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	$ 497,693	$ 526,687
Fair value included in financial instruments owned	295,952	313,502
Total financial liabilities at fair value	(271,284)	(280,939)
Fair value included in financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased	(117,143)	(115,248)
Level 1 [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	135,401	153,051
Total financial liabilities at fair value	(62,504)	(59,798)
Level 2 [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	419,585	432,445
Total financial liabilities at fair value	(232,027)	(245,759)
Level 3 [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	23,280	24,046
Total financial liabilities at fair value	(21,448)	(16,812)
Derivatives [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	140,710	144,502
Fair value included in financial instruments owned	53,672	53,890
Total financial liabilities at fair value	(92,194)	(88,201)
Fair value included in financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased	(47,499)	(46,771)
Derivatives [Member] | Interest Rate Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	507,478	568,325
Total financial liabilities at fair value	(458,985)	(514,244)
Derivatives [Member] | Credit Risk Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	26,367	40,882
Total financial liabilities at fair value	(23,581)	(36,775)
Derivatives [Member] | Foreign Exchange Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	111,949	97,148
Total financial liabilities at fair value	(107,396)	(99,600)
Derivatives [Member] | Commodity Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	12,353	20,674
Total financial liabilities at fair value	(13,871)	(21,071)
Derivatives [Member] | Equity Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	48,092	47,160
Total financial liabilities at fair value	(53,890)	(46,198)
Derivatives [Member] | Gross Fair Value Of Derivative [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	706,239	774,189
Total financial liabilities at fair value	(657,723)	(717,888)
Derivatives [Member] | Counterparty Netting With in Levels [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	(565,529)	(629,687)
Total financial liabilities at fair value	565,529	629,687
Derivatives [Member] | Cross Level Counterparty Netting Adjustment [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	(1,709)	(1,480)
Total financial liabilities at fair value	1,709	1,480
Derivatives [Member] | Cash Collateral Netting [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Cash collateral netting	(85,329)	(89,132)
Cash collateral netting	42,986	39,950
Derivatives [Member] | Level 1 [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	35	50
Total financial liabilities at fair value	(982)	(29)
Derivatives [Member] | Level 1 [Member] | Interest Rate Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	46	4
Total financial liabilities at fair value	(27)	(11)
Derivatives [Member] | Level 1 [Member] | Equity Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	1	46
Total financial liabilities at fair value	(967)	(18)
Derivatives [Member] | Level 1 [Member] | Gross Fair Value Of Derivative [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	47	50
Total financial liabilities at fair value	(994)	(29)
Derivatives [Member] | Level 1 [Member] | Counterparty Netting With in Levels [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	(12)
Total financial liabilities at fair value	12
Derivatives [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	135,485	138,582
Total financial liabilities at fair value	(84,805)	(82,797)
Derivatives [Member] | Level 2 [Member] | Interest Rate Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	506,818	567,761
Total financial liabilities at fair value	(457,963)	(513,275)
Derivatives [Member] | Level 2 [Member] | Credit Risk Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	21,388	34,832
Total financial liabilities at fair value	(21,106)	(33,518)
Derivatives [Member] | Level 2 [Member] | Foreign Exchange Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	111,762	96,959
Total financial liabilities at fair value	(107,212)	(99,377)
Derivatives [Member] | Level 2 [Member] | Commodity Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	11,950	20,087
Total financial liabilities at fair value	(13,541)	(20,222)
Derivatives [Member] | Level 2 [Member] | Equity Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	47,667	46,491
Total financial liabilities at fair value	(49,083)	(43,953)
Derivatives [Member] | Level 2 [Member] | Gross Fair Value Of Derivative [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	699,585	766,130
Total financial liabilities at fair value	(648,905)	(710,345)
Derivatives [Member] | Level 2 [Member] | Counterparty Netting With in Levels [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	(564,100)	(627,548)
Total financial liabilities at fair value	564,100	627,548
Derivatives [Member] | Level 3 [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	5,190	5,870
Total financial liabilities at fair value	(6,407)	(5,375)
Derivatives [Member] | Level 3 [Member] | Interest Rate Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	614	560
Total financial liabilities at fair value	(995)	(958)
Derivatives [Member] | Level 3 [Member] | Credit Risk Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	4,979	6,050
Total financial liabilities at fair value	(2,475)	(3,257)
Derivatives [Member] | Level 3 [Member] | Foreign Exchange Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	187	189
Total financial liabilities at fair value	(184)	(223)
Derivatives [Member] | Level 3 [Member] | Commodity Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	403	587
Total financial liabilities at fair value	(330)	(849)
Derivatives [Member] | Level 3 [Member] | Equity Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	424	623
Total financial liabilities at fair value	(3,840)	(2,227)
Derivatives [Member] | Level 3 [Member] | Gross Fair Value Of Derivative [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	6,607	8,009
Total financial liabilities at fair value	(7,824)	(7,514)
Derivatives [Member] | Level 3 [Member] | Counterparty Netting With in Levels [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Total financial assets at fair value	(1,417)	(2,139)
Total financial liabilities at fair value	$ 1,417	$ 2,139

XML

Derivatives and Hedging Activities - Fair Value, Derivatives, Measurement Inputs, Disclosure (Detail) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($) $ / Bbls $ / MMBTU	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($) $ / Bbls $ / MMBTU	Dec. 31, 2014 USD ($)
Fair Value Measurement Inputs Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Derivative Contracts Net Value, Ending Balance	$ (1,217)	$ 495	$ 706
Interest Rate Contract [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Derivative Contracts Net Value, Ending Balance	$ (381)	$ (398)	(40)
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Average Correlation	56.00%	53.00%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Median Correlation	60.00%	55.00%
Fair Value Unobservable Input, Average Volatility	0.84%	0.84%
Fair Value Unobservable Input, Median Volatility	0.57%	0.57%
Credit Risk Contract [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Derivative Contracts Net Value, Ending Balance	$ 2,504	$ 2,793	3,530
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Average Correlation	65.00%	68.00%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Median Correlation	68.00%	66.00%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Average Credit spreads	1.22%	1.29%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Median Credit spreads	0.73%	0.86%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Average Upfront Credit Points	0.43%	0.41%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Median Upfront Credit Points	0.35%	0.40%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Average Recovery rates	58.00%	58.00%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Median Recovery rates	70.00%	70.00%
Foreign Exchange Contract [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Derivative Contracts Net Value, Ending Balance	$ 3	$ (34)	(267)
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Average Correlation	50.00%	50.00%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Median Correlation	55.00%	51.00%
Commodity Contract [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Derivative Contracts Net Value, Ending Balance	$ 73	$ (262)	(1,142)
Fair Value Unobservable Input, Average Volatility	33.00%	35.00%
Fair Value Unobservable Input, Median Volatility	33.00%	34.00%
Commodity Contract [Member] | Natural Gas [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Average Spread | $ / MMBTU	(0.14)	(0.05)
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Median Spread | $ / MMBTU	(0.05)	(0.01)
Commodity Contract [Member] | Oil [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Average Spread | $ / Bbls	25.30	3.34
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Median Spread | $ / Bbls	16.43	(3.31)
Equity Contract [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Derivative Contracts Net Value, Ending Balance	$ (3,416)	$ (1,604)	$ (1,375)
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Average Correlation	41.00%	42.00%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Median Correlation	41.00%	48.00%
Fair Value Unobservable Input, Average Volatility	24.00%	24.00%
Fair Value Unobservable Input, Median Volatility	23.00%	23.00%
Minimum [Member] | Interest Rate Contract [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Correlation	(10.00%)	(25.00%)
Fair Value Unobservable Input, Volatility	0.31%	0.31%
Minimum [Member] | Credit Risk Contract [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Correlation	35.00%	46.00%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Credit spreads	0.01%	0.01%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Upfront Credit Points	0.00%	0.00%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Recovery rates	1.00%	2.00%
Minimum [Member] | Foreign Exchange Contract [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Correlation	25.00%	25.00%
Minimum [Member] | Commodity Contract [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair Value Unobservable Input, Volatility	13.00%	11.00%
Minimum [Member] | Commodity Contract [Member] | Natural Gas [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Spread | $ / MMBTU	(1.81)	(1.32)
Minimum [Member] | Commodity Contract [Member] | Oil [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Spread | $ / Bbls	(19.72)	(10.64)
Minimum [Member] | Equity Contract [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Correlation	(39.00%)	(65.00%)
Fair Value Unobservable Input, Volatility	5.00%	5.00%
Maximum [Member] | Interest Rate Contract [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Correlation	86.00%	92.00%
Fair Value Unobservable Input, Volatility	1.51%	1.52%
Maximum [Member] | Credit Risk Contract [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Correlation	91.00%	99.00%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Credit spreads	9.93%	10.19%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Upfront Credit Points	1.00%	1.00%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Recovery rates	97.00%	97.00%
Maximum [Member] | Foreign Exchange Contract [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Correlation	70.00%	70.00%
Maximum [Member] | Commodity Contract [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair Value Unobservable Input, Volatility	68.00%	77.00%
Maximum [Member] | Commodity Contract [Member] | Natural Gas [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Spread | $ / MMBTU	4.33	4.15
Maximum [Member] | Commodity Contract [Member] | Oil [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Spread | $ / Bbls	64.92	65.29
Maximum [Member] | Equity Contract [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Correlation	88.00%	94.00%
Fair Value Unobservable Input, Volatility	72.00%	76.00%

XML

Derivatives and Hedging Activities - Fair Value of Derivatives, Level 3 Rollforward (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Derivative [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Derivative Contracts Net Value, Beginning Balance	$ 495	$ 706
Net Realized Gains / (Losses)	(37)	67
Net Unrealized Gains / (Losses)	777	679
Purchases	115	240
Sales	(3,557)	(1,864)
Settlements	782	1,498
Transfers Into Level 3	352	(4)
Transfers Out Of Level 3	(144)	(827)
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Derivative Contracts Net Value, Ending Balance	(1,217)	495
Interest Rate Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Derivative Contracts Net Value, Beginning Balance	(398)	(40)
Net Realized Gains / (Losses)	(41)	(53)
Net Unrealized Gains / (Losses)	(138)	66
Purchases	5	3
Sales	(3)	(31)
Settlements	36	(144)
Transfers Into Level 3	195	(149)
Transfers Out Of Level 3	(37)	(50)
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Derivative Contracts Net Value, Ending Balance	(381)	(398)
Credit Risk Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Derivative Contracts Net Value, Beginning Balance	2,793	3,530
Net Realized Gains / (Losses)		92
Net Unrealized Gains / (Losses)	196	804
Purchases	20	80
Sales	(73)	(237)
Settlements	(516)	(640)
Transfers Into Level 3	179	206
Transfers Out Of Level 3	(95)	(1,042)
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Derivative Contracts Net Value, Ending Balance	2,504	2,793
Foreign Exchange Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Derivative Contracts Net Value, Beginning Balance	(34)	(267)
Net Realized Gains / (Losses)	(30)	(49)
Net Unrealized Gains / (Losses)	(42)	40
Purchases	14	32
Sales	(2)	(10)
Settlements	90	162
Transfers Into Level 3	1	(1)
Transfers Out Of Level 3	6	59
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Derivative Contracts Net Value, Ending Balance	3	(34)
Commodity Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Derivative Contracts Net Value, Beginning Balance	(262)	(1,142)
Net Realized Gains / (Losses)	(23)	34
Net Unrealized Gains / (Losses)	101	(52)
Purchases	24
Sales	(119)	(234)
Settlements	391	1,034
Transfers Into Level 3	(23)	(35)
Transfers Out Of Level 3	(16)	133
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Derivative Contracts Net Value, Ending Balance	73	(262)
Equity Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Derivative Contracts Net Value, Beginning Balance	(1,604)	(1,375)
Net Realized Gains / (Losses)	57	43
Net Unrealized Gains / (Losses)	660	(179)
Purchases	52	125
Sales	(3,360)	(1,352)
Settlements	781	1,086
Transfers Into Level 3		(25)
Transfers Out Of Level 3	(2)	73
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Derivative Contracts Net Value, Ending Balance	$ (3,416)	$ (1,604)

XML

Derivatives and Hedging Activities - OTC Derivatives by Product Type and Tenor (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	$ 53,672	$ 53,890
Derivative Liabilities	47,499	46,771
OTC [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	153,850	160,020
Derivative Liabilities	105,799	104,566
OTC [Member] | Interest Rate Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	103,728	108,910
Derivative Liabilities	55,305	54,860
OTC [Member] | Credit Risk Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	9,347	12,053
Derivative Liabilities	6,555	7,945
OTC [Member] | Foreign Exchange Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	35,064	29,935
Derivative Liabilities	30,370	32,366
OTC [Member] | Commodity Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	4,867	10,356
Derivative Liabilities	6,416	10,126
OTC [Member] | Equity Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	13,731	13,447
Derivative Liabilities	20,040	13,950
OTC [Member] | Counterparty Netting Within Tenors [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	(12,887)	(14,681)
Derivative Liabilities	(12,887)	(14,681)
OTC [Member] | Cross Tenor Counterparty Netting [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	(17,396)	(20,462)
Derivative Liabilities	(17,396)	(20,462)
OTC [Member] | Cash Collateral Netting [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Cash collateral netting	(85,329)	(89,132)
Cash collateral netting	(42,986)	(39,950)
OTC [Member] | Counterparty and Cash Collateral Netting [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	51,125	50,426
Derivative Liabilities	45,417	44,154
Less than 1 Year [Member] | OTC [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	28,823	27,915
Derivative Liabilities	28,462	25,463
Less than 1 Year [Member] | OTC [Member] | Interest Rate Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	5,845	4,231
Derivative Liabilities	5,679	5,323
Less than 1 Year [Member] | OTC [Member] | Credit Risk Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	1,763	1,664
Derivative Liabilities	2,060	1,804
Less than 1 Year [Member] | OTC [Member] | Foreign Exchange Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	18,344	14,646
Derivative Liabilities	14,720	12,378
Less than 1 Year [Member] | OTC [Member] | Commodity Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	3,273	6,228
Derivative Liabilities	2,546	4,464
Less than 1 Year [Member] | OTC [Member] | Equity Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	3,141	4,806
Derivative Liabilities	7,000	5,154
Less than 1 Year [Member] | OTC [Member] | Counterparty Netting Within Tenors [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	(3,543)	(3,660)
Derivative Liabilities	(3,543)	(3,660)
1 - 5 Years [Member] | OTC [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	34,477	41,998
Derivative Liabilities	30,344	31,776
1 - 5 Years [Member] | OTC [Member] | Interest Rate Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	18,376	23,278
Derivative Liabilities	10,814	13,945
1 - 5 Years [Member] | OTC [Member] | Credit Risk Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	2,695	4,547
Derivative Liabilities	3,328	4,704
1 - 5 Years [Member] | OTC [Member] | Foreign Exchange Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	8,292	8,936
Derivative Liabilities	9,771	9,940
1 - 5 Years [Member] | OTC [Member] | Commodity Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	1,415	3,897
Derivative Liabilities	1,555	3,136
1 - 5 Years [Member] | OTC [Member] | Equity Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	9,249	7,091
Derivative Liabilities	10,426	5,802
1 - 5 Years [Member] | OTC [Member] | Counterparty Netting Within Tenors [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	(5,550)	(5,751)
Derivative Liabilities	(5,550)	(5,751)
Greater than 5 Years [Member] | OTC [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	90,550	90,107
Derivative Liabilities	46,993	47,327
Greater than 5 Years [Member] | OTC [Member] | Interest Rate Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	79,507	81,401
Derivative Liabilities	38,812	35,592
Greater than 5 Years [Member] | OTC [Member] | Credit Risk Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	4,889	5,842
Derivative Liabilities	1,167	1,437
Greater than 5 Years [Member] | OTC [Member] | Foreign Exchange Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	8,428	6,353
Derivative Liabilities	5,879	10,048
Greater than 5 Years [Member] | OTC [Member] | Commodity Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	179	231
Derivative Liabilities	2,315	2,526
Greater than 5 Years [Member] | OTC [Member] | Equity Contract [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	1,341	1,550
Derivative Liabilities	2,614	2,994
Greater than 5 Years [Member] | OTC [Member] | Counterparty Netting Within Tenors [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	(3,794)	(5,270)
Derivative Liabilities	$ (3,794)	$ (5,270)

XML

Derivatives and Hedging Activities - Credit Derivatives (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Derivative [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Written Credit Derivative	$ 690,466	$ 923,477
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Purchased Credit Derivatives	733,980	968,680
Offsetting Purchased Credit Derivatives [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Purchased Credit Derivatives	604,212	821,571
Other Purchased Credit Derivatives [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Purchased Credit Derivatives	129,765	147,110
Less than 1 Year [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Written Credit Derivative	223,191	256,741
1 - 5 Years [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Written Credit Derivative	409,092	599,983
Greater than 5 Years [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Written Credit Derivative	58,183	66,753
Written Credit Derivative [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Fair Value Asset of Written Credit Derivatives	14,757	18,332
Fair Value Liability of Written Credit Derivatives	9,833	19,779
Fair Value Net Asset/(Liability) of Written Credit Derivatives	4,924	(1,447)
0 - 250 [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Written Credit Derivative	635,912	812,508
0 - 250 [Member] | Offsetting Purchased Credit Derivatives [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Purchased Credit Derivatives	558,305	722,436
0 - 250 [Member] | Other Purchased Credit Derivatives [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Purchased Credit Derivatives	119,509	132,757
0 - 250 [Member] | Less than 1 Year [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Written Credit Derivative	207,727	240,468
0 - 250 [Member] | 1 - 5 Years [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Written Credit Derivative	375,208	514,986
0 - 250 [Member] | Greater than 5 Years [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Written Credit Derivative	52,977	57,054
0 - 250 [Member] | Written Credit Derivative [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Fair Value Asset of Written Credit Derivatives	13,919	17,110
Fair Value Liability of Written Credit Derivatives	2,436	2,756
Fair Value Net Asset/(Liability) of Written Credit Derivatives	11,483	14,354
251 - 500 [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Written Credit Derivative	27,002	51,739
251 - 500 [Member] | Offsetting Purchased Credit Derivatives [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Purchased Credit Derivatives	20,588	46,313
251 - 500 [Member] | Other Purchased Credit Derivatives [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Purchased Credit Derivatives	7,712	6,383
251 - 500 [Member] | Less than 1 Year [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Written Credit Derivative	5,819	2,859
251 - 500 [Member] | 1 - 5 Years [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Written Credit Derivative	17,255	42,399
251 - 500 [Member] | Greater than 5 Years [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Written Credit Derivative	3,928	6,481
251 - 500 [Member] | Written Credit Derivative [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Fair Value Asset of Written Credit Derivatives	606	924
Fair Value Liability of Written Credit Derivatives	902	2,596
Fair Value Net Asset/(Liability) of Written Credit Derivatives	(296)	(1,672)
501 - 1000 [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Written Credit Derivative	10,704	20,775
501 - 1000 [Member] | Offsetting Purchased Credit Derivatives [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Purchased Credit Derivatives	10,133	19,556
501 - 1000 [Member] | Other Purchased Credit Derivatives [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Purchased Credit Derivatives	1,098	3,372
501 - 1000 [Member] | Less than 1 Year [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Written Credit Derivative	1,016	2,881
501 - 1000 [Member] | 1 - 5 Years [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Written Credit Derivative	8,643	16,327
501 - 1000 [Member] | Greater than 5 Years [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Written Credit Derivative	1,045	1,567
501 - 1000 [Member] | Written Credit Derivative [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Fair Value Asset of Written Credit Derivatives	187	108
Fair Value Liability of Written Credit Derivatives	809	1,942
Fair Value Net Asset/(Liability) of Written Credit Derivatives	(622)	(1,834)
Greater than 1000 [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Written Credit Derivative	16,848	38,455
Greater than 1000 [Member] | Offsetting Purchased Credit Derivatives [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Purchased Credit Derivatives	15,186	33,266
Greater than 1000 [Member] | Other Purchased Credit Derivatives [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Purchased Credit Derivatives	1,446	4,598
Greater than 1000 [Member] | Less than 1 Year [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Written Credit Derivative	8,629	10,533
Greater than 1000 [Member] | 1 - 5 Years [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Written Credit Derivative	7,986	26,271
Greater than 1000 [Member] | Greater than 5 Years [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount of Written Credit Derivative	233	1,651
Greater than 1000 [Member] | Written Credit Derivative [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Fair Value Asset of Written Credit Derivatives	45	190
Fair Value Liability of Written Credit Derivatives	5,686	12,485
Fair Value Net Asset/(Liability) of Written Credit Derivatives	$ (5,641)	$ (12,295)

XML

Derivatives and Hedging Activities - Bifurcated Embedded Derivatives (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Derivative [Line Items]
Embedded Derivative, Fair Value of Embedded Derivative Asset	$ 676	$ 466
Embedded Derivative, Fair Value of Embedded Derivative Liability	864	794
Embedded Derivative, Fair Value of Embedded Derivative, Net Liability	188	328
Notional amount	41,375,552	47,493,007
Embedded Derivatives Classified In Debt [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	$ 8,726	$ 7,869

XML

Derivatives and Hedging Activities - Derivatives with Credit-Related Contingent Features (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Derivative [Line Items]
Aggregate fair value of derivative contracts which are in net liability position	$ 32,927	$ 29,836
Aggregate fair value of assets as a collateral for derivative contracts	27,840	26,075
One-Notch Reduction [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Additional collateral or termination payments pursuant to bilateral agreements with certain counterparties which could have been called by counterparties in the event of a reduction in the firm's long-term credit ratings	677	1,061
Two-Notch Reduction [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Additional collateral or termination payments pursuant to bilateral agreements with certain counterparties which could have been called by counterparties in the event of a reduction in the firm's long-term credit ratings	$ 2,216	$ 2,689

XML

Derivatives and Hedging Activities - Gain (Loss) from Interest Rate Hedges and Related Hedged Borrowings and Deposits (Detail) - Interest Rate Contract [Member] - Fair Value Hedging [Member] - Derivative Contracts Accounted for as Hedges [Member] - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income, Net	$ (1,480)	$ (1,613)	$ 1,936
Gain (Loss) Recognized On Hedged Borrowings and Deposits	834	898	(2,451)
Derivative, Net Hedge Ineffectiveness Gain (Loss)	$ (646)	$ (715)	$ (515)

XML

Derivatives and Hedging Activities - Gains and Losses on Net Investment Hedges (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Derivative [Line Items]
Gain (Loss) Recognized On Foreign Currency Denominated Debt Designated As Foreign Currency Hedge	$ (85)	$ (9)	$ 202
Foreign Exchange Contract [Member] | Net Investment Hedging [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income, Effective Portion, Net	$ 135	$ 695	$ 576

XML

Fair Value Option - Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities by Level (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	$ 116,077	$ 132,853
Securities borrowed	82,398	75,340
Receivables from customers and counterparties	3,266	4,992
Total financial assets at fair value	201,741	213,185
Deposits	(13,782)	(14,680)
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	(71,816)	(86,069)
Securities loaned	(2,647)	(466)
Other secured financings	(21,073)	(23,207)
Unsecured borrowings Short-term	(14,792)	(17,743)
Unsecured borrowings Long-term	(29,410)	(22,273)
Other liabilities and accrued expenses	(621)	(1,253)
Total financial liabilities at fair value	(154,141)	(165,691)
Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	116,077	132,853
Securities borrowed	82,398	75,340
Receivables from customers and counterparties	3,211	4,947
Total financial assets at fair value	201,686	213,140
Deposits	(10,609)	(12,465)
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	(71,750)	(85,998)
Securities loaned	(2,647)	(466)
Other secured financings	(20,516)	(22,658)
Unsecured borrowings Short-term	(10,896)	(13,610)
Unsecured borrowings Long-term	(22,185)	(18,049)
Other liabilities and accrued expenses	(559)	(1,201)
Total financial liabilities at fair value	(139,162)	(154,447)
Level 3 [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Receivables from customers and counterparties	55	45
Total financial assets at fair value	55	45
Deposits	(3,173)	(2,215)
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	(66)	(71)
Other secured financings	(557)	(549)
Unsecured borrowings Short-term	(3,896)	(4,133)
Unsecured borrowings Long-term	(7,225)	(4,224)
Other liabilities and accrued expenses	(62)	(52)
Total financial liabilities at fair value	$ (14,979)	$ (11,244)

XML

Fair Value Option - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Fair Value [Line Items]
Fair value of unfunded commitments for which the fair value option was elected	$ 80	$ 211
Total contractual amount of unfunded commitments for which the fair value option was elected	7,190	14,010
Net Gains (Losses) Attributable to the Impact of Changes in Instrument-Specific Credit Spreads on Loans and Lending Commitments For Which the Fair Value Option Was Elected	281	751	$ 1,830
DVA on such financial liabilities included in "Debt valuation adjustment" within the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income, net of tax	544
Long-term Other Secured Financings At Fair Value [Member]
Fair Value [Line Items]
Difference between aggregate contractual principal amount of long-term debt instruments for which the fair value option was elected and related fair value	361	362
Unsecured Long-Term Borrowings at Fair Value [Member]
Fair Value [Line Items]
Difference between aggregate contractual principal amount of long-term debt instruments for which the fair value option was elected and related fair value	$ 1,560	$ 1,120
Minimum [Member] | Other Secured Financings at Fair Value [Member]
Fair Value [Line Items]
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Yield	0.40%	0.60%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Duration	1 month 6 days	1 year 7 months 6 days
Maximum [Member] | Other Secured Financings at Fair Value [Member]
Fair Value [Line Items]
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Yield	16.60%	10.00%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Duration	5 years 8 months 12 days	8 years 9 months 18 days
Weighted Average [Member] | Other Secured Financings at Fair Value [Member]
Fair Value [Line Items]
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Yield	3.50%	2.70%
Fair Value Unobservable Inputs, Duration	2 years 3 months 18 days	2 years 9 months 18 days
Other Financial Liabilities [Member]
Fair Value [Line Items]
Gains/(Losses) on liabilities	$ (106)	$ 858
Realized Gains/(Losses) on liabilities	(99)	75
Net Unrealized Gains / (Losses)	(7)	783
DVA on such financial liabilities included in "Debt valuation adjustment" within the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income	844
DVA on such financial liabilities included in "Debt valuation adjustment" within the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income, net of tax	544
Other Financial Liabilities [Member] | Debt Valuation Adjustment [Member]
Fair Value [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis, Gains/(Losses) Included in condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income	(75)
Other Financial Liabilities [Member] | Market making [Member]
Fair Value [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis, Gains/(Losses) Included in condensed consolidated statements of earnings	(21)	841
Other Financial Liabilities [Member] | Other Principal Transactions [Member]
Fair Value [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis, Gains/(Losses) Included in condensed consolidated statements of earnings		28
Other Financial Liabilities [Member] | Interest Expense [Member]
Fair Value [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis, Gains/(Losses) Included in condensed consolidated statements of earnings	(10)	(11)
Other Financial Liabilities [Member] | Other Secured Financings at Fair Value [Member]
Fair Value [Line Items]
Net Unrealized Gains / (Losses)	(3)	34
Other Financial Liabilities [Member] | Unsecured Long-Term Borrowings at Fair Value [Member]
Fair Value [Line Items]
Net Unrealized Gains / (Losses)	$ 190	$ 352

XML

Fair Value Option - Level 3 Rollforward (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Other Financial Assets [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value, Beginning Balance	$ 45	$ 56
Net Realized Gains/(Losses)	6	2
Net Unrealized Gains/(Losses)	1	2
Purchases	10	8
Settlements	(7)	(22)
Transfers Out Of Level 3		(1)
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value, Ending Balance	55	45
Other Financial Liabilities [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Liability Value, Beginning Balance	(11,244)	(9,292)
Net Realized Gains/(Losses)	(99)	75
Net Unrealized Gains/(Losses)	(7)	783
Purchases	(8)	(1)
Issuances	(10,236)	(8,024)
Settlements	5,983	3,604
Transfers Into Level 3	(759)	(1,213)
Transfers Out Of Level 3	1,391	2,824
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Liability Value, Ending Balance	(14,979)	(11,244)
Other Financial Liabilities [Member] | Deposits at Fair Value [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Liability Value, Beginning Balance	(2,215)	(1,065)
Net Realized Gains/(Losses)	(22)	(9)
Net Unrealized Gains/(Losses)	(89)	56
Issuances	(993)	(1,252)
Settlements	146	55
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Liability Value, Ending Balance	(3,173)	(2,215)
Other Financial Liabilities [Member] | Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase at Fair Value [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Liability Value, Beginning Balance	(71)	(124)
Net Unrealized Gains/(Losses)	(6)	(2)
Settlements	11	55
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Liability Value, Ending Balance	(66)	(71)
Other Financial Liabilities [Member] | Other Secured Financings at Fair Value [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Liability Value, Beginning Balance	(549)	(1,091)
Net Realized Gains/(Losses)	(8)	(10)
Net Unrealized Gains/(Losses)	(3)	34
Purchases	(5)	(1)
Issuances	(150)	(504)
Settlements	273	363
Transfers Into Level 3	(117)	(85)
Transfers Out Of Level 3	2	745
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Liability Value, Ending Balance	(557)	(549)
Other Financial Liabilities [Member] | Unsecured Short-Term Borrowings Including Current Portion of Unsecured Long-Term Borrowings at Fair Value [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Liability Value, Beginning Balance	(4,133)	(3,712)
Net Realized Gains/(Losses)	(57)	96
Net Unrealized Gains/(Losses)	(115)	355
Issuances	(3,837)	(3,377)
Settlements	3,492	2,275
Transfers Into Level 3	(370)	(641)
Transfers Out Of Level 3	1,124	871
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Liability Value, Ending Balance	(3,896)	(4,133)
Other Financial Liabilities [Member] | Unsecured Long-Term Borrowings at Fair Value [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Liability Value, Beginning Balance	(4,224)	(2,585)
Net Realized Gains/(Losses)	(27)	(7)
Net Unrealized Gains/(Losses)	190	352
Purchases	(3)
Issuances	(5,201)	(2,888)
Settlements	2,047	846
Transfers Into Level 3	(272)	(464)
Transfers Out Of Level 3	265	522
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Liability Value, Ending Balance	(7,225)	(4,224)
Other Financial Liabilities [Member] | Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses at Fair Value [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Liability Value, Beginning Balance	(52)	(715)
Net Realized Gains/(Losses)	15	5
Net Unrealized Gains/(Losses)	16	(12)
Issuances	(55)	(3)
Settlements	14	10
Transfers Into Level 3		(23)
Transfers Out Of Level 3		686
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Liability Value, Ending Balance	$ (62)	$ (52)

XML

Fair Value Option - Gains and Losses on Other Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities at Fair Value (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]
Fair Value Option Gains/(Losses)	$ (1,129)	$ 216	$ (2,579)
Unsecured Short-Term Borrowings Including Current Portion of Unsecured Long-Term Borrowings at Fair Value [Member]
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]
Fair Value Option Gains/(Losses)	(1,028)	346	(1,180)
Unsecured Long-Term Borrowings at Fair Value [Member]
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]
Fair Value Option Gains/(Losses)	584	771	(592)
Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses at Fair Value [Member]
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]
Fair Value Option Gains/(Losses)	(55)	(684)	(441)
Fair Value Option Other [Member]
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]
Fair Value Option Gains/(Losses)	$ (630)	$ (217)	$ (366)

XML

Fair Value Option - Gains and Losses on Other Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities at Fair Value (Parenthetical) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Unsecured Short-Term Borrowings Including Current Portion of Unsecured Long-Term Borrowings at Fair Value [Member]
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]
Gains/(Losses) on the embedded derivative component of hybrid financial instruments	$ (1,050)	$ 339	$ (1,220)
Unsecured Long-Term Borrowings at Fair Value [Member]
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]
Gains/(Losses) on the embedded derivative component of hybrid financial instruments	$ 737	$ 653	$ (697)

XML

Fair Value Option - Loans and Lending Commitments (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Aggregate contractual principal amount of performing loans and long-term receivables in excess of fair value	$ 478	$ 1,330
Aggregate contractual principal amount of loans on non-accrual status and/or more than 90 days past due in excess of fair value (excluding loans carried at zero fair value and considered uncollectible)	8,101	9,600
Aggregate fair value of loans on non-accrual status and/or more than 90 days past due	$ 2,138	$ 2,391

XML

Loans Receivable - Summary of Loans Receivable (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Loans Receivable [Line Items]
Subtotal	$ 50,181	$ 45,821
Allowance for loan losses	(509)	(414)	$ (228)
Total loans receivable	49,672	45,407
Corporate Loans [Member]
Loans Receivable [Line Items]
Subtotal	24,837	20,740
Loans to Private Wealth Management Clients [Member]
Loans Receivable [Line Items]
Subtotal	13,828	13,961
Loans Backed by Commercial Real Estate [Member]
Loans Receivable [Line Items]
Subtotal	4,761	5,271
Loans Backed by Residential Real Estate [Member]
Loans Receivable [Line Items]
Subtotal	3,865	2,316
Other Loans [Member]
Loans Receivable [Line Items]
Subtotal	$ 2,890	$ 3,533

XML

Loans Receivable - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Loans Receivable [Line Items]
Estimated fair Value of loans receivable	$ 49,800	$ 45,190
Amount of lending commitments held for investment	98,050	93,920
Carrying value of the liabilities relating to lending commitments held for investment	327	291
Estimated fair value of the liabilities relating to lending commitments held for investment	2,550	3,320
Impaired loans receivable (excluding PCI loans) in non-accrual status	404	223
Corporate loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring	142
Lending commitments related to loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring	144
PCI Loans [Member]
Loans Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	3,970	2,120
Outstanding principal balance	8,520	5,540
Accretable yield	526	234
Fair value of loans at the time of acquisition	2,510	2,270
Expected cash flows at the time of acquisition	2,820	2,500
Contractually required cash flows at the time of acquisition	6,390	6,470
PCI Loans [Member] | Loans Backed by Commercial Real Estate [Member]
Loans Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	1,440	1,160
PCI Loans [Member] | Loans Backed by Residential Real Estate [Member]
Loans Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	2,510	941
PCI Loans [Member] | Other Loans [Member]
Loans Receivable [Line Items]
Loans receivable	18	23
Level 2 [Member]
Loans Receivable [Line Items]
Estimated fair Value of loans receivable	28,400	23,910
Estimated fair value of the liabilities relating to lending commitments held for investment	1,100	1,350
Level 3 [Member]
Loans Receivable [Line Items]
Estimated fair Value of loans receivable	21,400	21,280
Estimated fair value of the liabilities relating to lending commitments held for investment	$ 1,450	$ 1,970

XML

Loans Receivable - Summary of Loans Receivable - Credit Rating Equivalent (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Loans	$ 50,181	$ 45,821
Lending Commitments	98,050	93,920
Loans Receivable And Related Lending Commitments [Member]
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Loans	46,211	43,700
Lending Commitments	98,045	93,919
Total	144,256	137,619
Loans Receivable And Related Lending Commitments [Member] | Investment-Grade [Member]
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Loans	18,434	19,459
Lending Commitments	72,323	64,898
Total	90,757	84,357
Loans Receivable And Related Lending Commitments [Member] | Non-Investment-Grade [Member]
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Loans	27,777	24,241
Lending Commitments	25,722	29,021
Total	$ 53,499	$ 53,262

XML

Loans Receivable - Summary of Loans Receivable - Regulatory Risk Rating (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Loans	$ 50,181	$ 45,821
Lending Commitments	98,050	93,920
Loans Receivable And Related Lending Commitments [Member]
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Loans	46,211	43,700
Lending Commitments	98,045	93,919
Total	144,256	137,619
Non-Criticized/Pass [Member] | Loans Receivable And Related Lending Commitments [Member]
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Loans	43,146	40,967
Lending Commitments	94,966	92,021
Total	138,112	132,988
Criticized [Member] | Loans Receivable And Related Lending Commitments [Member]
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Loans	3,065	2,733
Lending Commitments	3,079	1,898
Total	$ 6,144	$ 4,631

XML

Loans Receivable - Summary of Changes in Allowance for Loan Losses and Allowance for Losses on Lending Commitments (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Allowance for loan losses
Balance, beginning of period	$ 414	$ 228
Charge-offs	(8)	(1)
Provision	138	187
Other	(35)
Balance, end of period	509	414
Allowance for losses on lending commitments
Balance, beginning of period	188	86
Provision	44	102
Other	(20)
Balance, end of period	$ 212	$ 188

XML

Collateralized Agreements and Financings - Resale and Repurchase Agreements and Securities Borrowed and Loaned Transactions (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Collateralized Agreements And Financings [Abstract]
Securities purchased under agreements to resell and federal funds sold (includes $116,077 as of December 2016 and $132,853 as of December 2015, at fair value)	$ 116,925	$ 134,308
Securities borrowed (includes $82,398 as of December 2016 and $75,340 as of December 2015, at fair value)	184,600	177,638
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase, at fair value	71,816	86,069
Securities loaned (includes $2,647 as of December 2016 and $466 as of December 2015, at fair value)	$ 7,524	$ 3,614

XML

Collateralized Agreements and Financings - Resale and Repurchase Agreements and Securities Borrowed and Loaned Transactions (Parenthetical) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Collateralized Agreements And Financings [Abstract]
Securities borrowed at fair value	$ 82,398	$ 75,340
Securities loaned at fair value	$ 2,647	$ 466

XML

Collateralized Agreements and Financings - Offsetting Arrangements (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Collateralized Agreements And Financings [Abstract]
Resale agreements, Gross carrying value	$ 173,561	$ 163,199
Resale agreements, Counterparty Netting	(56,636)	(28,891)
Resale agreements	116,925	134,308
Resale agreements, Counterparty Netting	(8,319)	(4,979)
Resale agreements, Collateral	(107,148)	(125,561)
Resale agreements	1,458	3,768
Securities borrowed, Gross carrying value	189,571	180,203
Securities borrowed, Counterparty Netting	(4,971)	(2,565)
Securities borrowed	184,600	177,638
Securities borrowed, Counterparty Netting	(4,045)	(1,732)
Securities borrowed, Collateral	(170,625)	(167,061)
Securities borrowed	9,930	8,845
Repurchase agreements, Gross carrying value	128,452	114,960
Repurchase agreements, Counterparty Netting	(56,636)	(28,891)
Repurchase agreements	71,816	86,069
Repurchase agreements, Counterparty Netting	(8,319)	(4,979)
Repurchase agreements, Collateral	(62,081)	(78,958)
Repurchase agreements	1,416	2,132
Securities loaned, Gross carrying value	12,495	6,179
Securities loaned, Counterparty Netting	(4,971)	(2,565)
Securities loaned	7,524	3,614
Securities loaned, Counterparty Netting	(4,045)	(1,732)
Securities loaned, Collateral	(3,087)	(1,721)
Securities loaned	$ 392	$ 161

XML

Collateralized Agreements and Financings - Schedule of Gross Carrying Value of Repurchase Agreements and Securities Loaned (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Offsetting Liabilities [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements	$ 128,452	$ 114,960
Securities loaned	12,495	6,179
Money Market Instruments [Member]
Offsetting Liabilities [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements	317	806
U.S. Government and Federal Agency Obligations [Member]
Offsetting Liabilities [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements	47,207	54,856
Securities loaned	115	101
Non-U.S. Government and Agency Obligations [Member]
Offsetting Liabilities [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements	56,156	31,547
Securities loaned	1,846	2,465
Securities Backed By Commercial Real Estate [Member]
Offsetting Liabilities [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements	208	269
Securities Backed By Residential Real Estate [Member]
Offsetting Liabilities [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements	122	2,059
Corporate Loans and Debt Securities [Member]
Offsetting Liabilities [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements	8,297	6,877
Securities loaned	39	30
State and Municipal Obligations [Member]
Offsetting Liabilities [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements	831	609
Other Debt Obligations [Member]
Offsetting Liabilities [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements	286	101
Equities and Convertible Debentures [Member]
Offsetting Liabilities [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements	15,028	17,836
Securities loaned	$ 10,495	$ 3,583

XML

Collateralized Agreements and Financings - Schedule of Repurchase Agreements and Securities Loaned (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Offsetting Liabilities [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements	$ 128,452	$ 114,960
Securities loaned	12,495	$ 6,179
No Stated Maturity and Overnight [Member]
Offsetting Liabilities [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements	35,939
Securities loaned	4,825
2 - 30 Days [Member]
Offsetting Liabilities [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements	47,339
Securities loaned	5,034
31 - 90 Days [Member]
Offsetting Liabilities [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements	16,553
Securities loaned	500
91 Days - 1 Year [Member]
Offsetting Liabilities [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements	18,968
Securities loaned	1,636
Greater than 1 Year [Member]
Offsetting Liabilities [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements	9,653
Securities loaned	$ 500

XML

Collateralized Agreements and Financings - Other Secured Financings (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Other Secured Financings [Line Items]
Other Secured Financings Short Term At Fair Value	$ 13,118	$ 13,400
Other Secured Financings Short Term At Amortized Cost		833
Other Secured Financings Long Term At Fair Value	7,955	9,807
Other Secured Financings Long Term At Amortized Cost	450	713
Other secured financings	21,523	24,753
Other secured financings collateralized by financial instruments	19,832	23,734
Other secured financings collateralized by other assets	1,691	1,019
U.S. Dollar [Member]
Other Secured Financings [Line Items]
Other Secured Financings Short Term At Fair Value	9,380	7,952
Other Secured Financings Short Term At Amortized Cost		$ 514
Weighted average interest rate, after giving effect to hedging activities, on other secured financings at amortized cost (short-term)		2.93%
Other Secured Financings Long Term At Fair Value	5,562	$ 6,702
Other Secured Financings Long Term At Amortized Cost	$ 145	$ 370
Weighted average interest rate, after giving effect to hedging activities, on other secured financings at amortized cost (long-term)	4.06%	2.87%
Other secured financings	$ 15,087	$ 15,538
Other secured financings collateralized by financial instruments	13,858	14,862
Other secured financings collateralized by other assets	1,229	676
Non-U.S. Dollar [Member]
Other Secured Financings [Line Items]
Other Secured Financings Short Term At Fair Value	3,738	5,448
Other Secured Financings Short Term At Amortized Cost		$ 319
Weighted average interest rate, after giving effect to hedging activities, on other secured financings at amortized cost (short-term)		3.83%
Other Secured Financings Long Term At Fair Value	2,393	$ 3,105
Other Secured Financings Long Term At Amortized Cost	$ 305	$ 343
Weighted average interest rate, after giving effect to hedging activities, on other secured financings at amortized cost (long-term)	2.16%	1.54%
Other secured financings	$ 6,436	$ 9,215
Other secured financings collateralized by financial instruments	5,974	8,872
Other secured financings collateralized by other assets	$ 462	$ 343

XML

Collateralized Agreements and Financings - Other Secured Financings (Parenthetical) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Collateralized Agreements And Financings [Abstract]
Nonrecourse obligations included in other secured financings	$ 2,540	$ 2,200
Transfers of financial assets accounted for as financings included in other secured financings	285	334
Financial assets collateralizing other secured financings related to failed sales	285	336
Other secured financings collateralized by financial instruments owned	13,650	14,980
Other secured financings collateralized by financial instruments received as collateral and repledged	$ 6,180	$ 8,760

XML

Collateralized Agreements and Financings - Other Secured Financings by Maturity Date (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Other Secured Financings By Maturity Period [Line Items]
Other secured financings (short-term)	$ 13,118	$ 14,233
Total other secured financings (long-term)	8,405	10,520
Total other secured financings	21,523	$ 24,753
Other secured financings (long-term) [Member]
Other Secured Financings By Maturity Period [Line Items]
2018	5,575
2019	702
2020	1,158
2021	321
2022 - thereafter	$ 649

XML

Collateralized Agreements and Financings - Financial Instruments Received as Collateral and Repledged (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Collateralized Agreements And Financings [Abstract]
Financial instruments at fair value received as collateral by the firm that it was permitted to deliver or repledge	$ 634,609	$ 636,684
Financial instruments at fair value received as collateral which the firm delivered or repledged	$ 495,717	$ 496,240

XML

Collateralized Agreements and Financings - Financial Instruments Received as Collateral and Repledged (Parenthetical) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Collateralized Agreements And Financings [Abstract]
Securities received under resale agreements and securities borrowed transactions segregated to satisfy certain regulatory requirements	$ 15,470	$ 18,940
Securities segregated for regulatory and other purposes	$ 15,290	$ 19,560

XML

Collateralized Agreements and Financings - Financial Instruments Owned, at Fair Value and Other Assets Pledged as Collateral (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Collateralized Agreements And Financings [Abstract]
Financial instruments owned at fair value pledged in connection with repurchase agreements, securities lending agreements and other secured financings to counterparties that had the right to deliver or repledge	$ 51,278	$ 54,426
Financial instruments owned at fair value pledged in connection with repurchase agreements, securities lending agreements and other secured financings to counterparties that did not have right to deliver or repledge	61,099	63,880
Other assets (substantially all real estate and cash) owned and pledged in connection with other secured financings to counterparties that did not have the right to deliver or repledge	$ 3,287	$ 1,841

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Securitization Activities - Amount of Financial Assets Securitized and Cash Flows Received on Retained Interests (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets [Abstract]
Securitization of residential mortgages	$ 12,164	$ 10,479	$ 19,099
Securitization of commercial mortgages	233	6,043	2,810
Securitization of other financial assets	181		1,009
Securitization of Financial Assets	12,578	16,522	22,918
Retained interests cash flows	$ 189	$ 174	$ 215

XML

Securitization Activities - Firms Continuing Involvement in Securitization Entities to Which Firm Sold Assets (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Qualitative and Quantitative Information, Transferor's Continuing Involvement [Line Items]
Outstanding principal amount	$ 31,042	$ 50,857
Retained interests	1,564	1,159
Purchased interests	36	72
U.S. Government Agency-Issued Collateralized Mortgage Obligations [Member]
Qualitative and Quantitative Information, Transferor's Continuing Involvement [Line Items]
Outstanding principal amount	25,140	39,088
Retained interests	953	846
Purchased interests	24	20
Other Residential Mortgage-backed Securities [Member]
Qualitative and Quantitative Information, Transferor's Continuing Involvement [Line Items]
Outstanding principal amount	3,261	2,195
Retained interests	540	154
Purchased interests	6	17
Other Commercial Mortgage-backed [Member]
Qualitative and Quantitative Information, Transferor's Continuing Involvement [Line Items]
Outstanding principal amount	357	6,842
Retained interests	15	115
Purchased interests		28
CDOs, CLOs And Other [Member]
Qualitative and Quantitative Information, Transferor's Continuing Involvement [Line Items]
Outstanding principal amount	2,284	2,732
Retained interests	56	44
Purchased interests	$ 6	$ 7

XML

Securitization Activities - Firms Continuing Involvement in Securitization Entities to Which Firm Sold Assets (Parenthetical) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets [Abstract]
Fair Value of Retained Interests	$ 1,580	$ 1,160

XML

Securitization Activities - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Net Asset related to Other Continuing Involvement	$ 48	$ 92
Fair Value of Retained Interests	1,580	1,160
Other Retained Interests [Member]
Fair Value of Retained Interests	$ 56	$ 44
Weighted average life (years)	3 years 6 months	3 years 6 months
Maximum Exposure to Adverse Changes in the value of retained interests relating to Other securities	$ 56	$ 44

XML

Securitization Activities - Weighted Average Key Economic Assumptions Used in Measuring Fair Value of Firm's Retained Interests and Sensitivity of This Fair Value to Immediate Adverse Changes (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Sensitivity Analysis of Fair Value of Interests Continued to be Held by Transferor, Servicing Assets or Liabilities, Impact of Adverse Change in Assumption [Line Items]
Fair Value of Retained Interests	$ 1,580	$ 1,160
Mortgage-Backed Securities [Member]
Sensitivity Analysis of Fair Value of Interests Continued to be Held by Transferor, Servicing Assets or Liabilities, Impact of Adverse Change in Assumption [Line Items]
Fair Value of Retained Interests	$ 1,519	$ 1,115
Weighted average life (years)	7 years 6 months	7 years 6 months
Constant prepayment rate	8.10%	10.40%
Impact of 10% adverse change	$ (14)	$ (22)
Impact of 20% adverse change	$ (28)	$ (43)
Discount rate	5.30%	5.50%
Impact of 10% adverse change	$ (37)	$ (28)
Impact of 20% adverse change	$ (71)	$ (55)

XML

Variable Interest Entities (Nonconsolidated Variable Interest Entities) - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Jan. 01, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Assets in VIEs	$ 70,083		$ 90,145
Carrying Value of the Firm's Variable Interests in Nonconsolidated VIEs - Assets	6,199		7,171
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs	15,208		15,751
Investments in Funds and Other [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Assets in VIEs	16,956		4,161
Carrying Value of the Firm's Variable Interests in Nonconsolidated VIEs - Assets	1,027		286
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs	$ 2,066		$ 555
Accounting Standards Update 2015-02 [Member] | Investments in Funds and Other [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Assets in VIEs		$ 10,700
Carrying Value of the Firm's Variable Interests in Nonconsolidated VIEs - Assets		543
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs		$ 559

XML

Variable Interest Entities (Consolidated Variable Interest Entities) - Additional Information (Detail) - Real Estate, Credit-Related and Other Investing [Member] - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Jan. 01, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Assets	$ 3,291		$ 3,999
Liabilities	$ 1,095		$ 906
Accounting Standards Update 2015-02 [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Assets		$ 302
Liabilities		$ 122

XML

Variable Interest Entities - Nonconsolidated Variable Interest Entities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Assets in VIE	$ 70,083	$ 90,145
Carrying Value of the Firm's Variable Interests in Nonconsolidated VIEs - Assets	6,199	7,171
Carrying Value of the Firm's Variable Interests in Nonconsolidated VIEs - Liabilities	254	177
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs	15,208	15,751
Retained Interests, Maximum Exposure to Loss [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs	1,564	1,159
Purchased Interests, Maximum Exposure to Loss [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs	544	1,528
Commitments and Guarantees, Maximum Exposure to Loss [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs	2,196	2,020
Derivatives, Maximum Exposure to Loss [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs	7,144	6,936
Loans and Investments, Maximum Exposure to Loss [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs	3,760	4,108
Mortgage-Backed Securities [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Assets in VIE	32,714	62,672
Carrying Value of the Firm's Variable Interests in Nonconsolidated VIEs - Assets	1,936	2,439
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs	2,109	2,701
Mortgage-Backed Securities [Member] | Retained Interests, Maximum Exposure to Loss [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs	1,508	1,115
Mortgage-Backed Securities [Member] | Purchased Interests, Maximum Exposure to Loss [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs	429	1,324
Mortgage-Backed Securities [Member] | Commitments and Guarantees, Maximum Exposure to Loss [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs	9	40
Mortgage-Backed Securities [Member] | Derivatives, Maximum Exposure to Loss [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs	163	222
Corporate CDOs and CLOs [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Assets in VIE	5,391	6,493
Carrying Value of the Firm's Variable Interests in Nonconsolidated VIEs - Assets	393	624
Carrying Value of the Firm's Variable Interests in Nonconsolidated VIEs - Liabilities	25	29
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs	3,166	3,654
Corporate CDOs and CLOs [Member] | Retained Interests, Maximum Exposure to Loss [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs	2	3
Corporate CDOs and CLOs [Member] | Purchased Interests, Maximum Exposure to Loss [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs	43	106
Corporate CDOs and CLOs [Member] | Commitments and Guarantees, Maximum Exposure to Loss [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs	186	647
Corporate CDOs and CLOs [Member] | Derivatives, Maximum Exposure to Loss [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs	2,841	2,633
Corporate CDOs and CLOs [Member] | Loans and Investments, Maximum Exposure to Loss [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs	94	265
Real Estate, Credit-Related and Other Investing [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Assets in VIE	8,617	9,793
Carrying Value of the Firm's Variable Interests in Nonconsolidated VIEs - Assets	2,550	3,557
Carrying Value of the Firm's Variable Interests in Nonconsolidated VIEs - Liabilities	3	3
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs	3,243	4,127
Real Estate, Credit-Related and Other Investing [Member] | Commitments and Guarantees, Maximum Exposure to Loss [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs	693	570
Real Estate, Credit-Related and Other Investing [Member] | Loans and Investments, Maximum Exposure to Loss [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs	2,550	3,557
Other Asset-Backed [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Assets in VIE	6,405	7,026
Carrying Value of the Firm's Variable Interests in Nonconsolidated VIEs - Assets	293	265
Carrying Value of the Firm's Variable Interests in Nonconsolidated VIEs - Liabilities	220	145
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs	4,624	4,714
Other Asset-Backed [Member] | Retained Interests, Maximum Exposure to Loss [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs	54	41
Other Asset-Backed [Member] | Purchased Interests, Maximum Exposure to Loss [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs	72	98
Other Asset-Backed [Member] | Commitments and Guarantees, Maximum Exposure to Loss [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs	275	500
Other Asset-Backed [Member] | Derivatives, Maximum Exposure to Loss [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs	4,134	4,075
Other Asset-Backed [Member] | Loans and Investments, Maximum Exposure to Loss [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs	89
Investments in Funds and Other [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Assets in VIE	16,956	4,161
Carrying Value of the Firm's Variable Interests in Nonconsolidated VIEs - Assets	1,027	286
Carrying Value of the Firm's Variable Interests in Nonconsolidated VIEs - Liabilities	6
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs	2,066	555
Investments in Funds and Other [Member] | Commitments and Guarantees, Maximum Exposure to Loss [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs	1,033	263
Investments in Funds and Other [Member] | Derivatives, Maximum Exposure to Loss [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs	6	6
Investments in Funds and Other [Member] | Loans and Investments, Maximum Exposure to Loss [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs	$ 1,027	$ 286

XML

Variable Interest Entities - Nonconsolidated Variable Interest Entities (Parenthetical) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Commitments and guarantees and derivative transactions with VIEs to which the firm transferred assets	$ 1,280	$ 1,520
Assets in VIE	70,083	90,145
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs	15,208	15,751
CDOs Backed by Mortgage Obligations [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Assets in VIE	1,540	4,080
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Nonconsolidated VIEs	$ 279	$ 502

XML

Variable Interest Entities - Consolidated Variable Interest Entities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 121,711	$ 93,439	$ 75,025	$ 78,867
Receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations	18,044	25,453
Loans receivable	49,672	45,407
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	295,952	313,502
Other assets	25,481	25,218
Liabilities
Other secured financings	21,523	24,753
Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations	4,386	5,406
Payables to customers and counterparties	184,069	204,956
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	117,143	115,248
Unsecured short-term borrowings	39,265	42,787
Unsecured long-term borrowings	189,086	175,422
Other liabilities and accrued expenses	14,362	18,893
Real Estate, Credit-Related and Other Investing [Member]
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	300	423
Receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations		1
Loans receivable	603	1,534
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	1,708	1,585
Other assets	680	456
Total	3,291	3,999
Liabilities
Other secured financings	284	332
Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations	1
Payables to customers and counterparties		2
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	7	16
Other liabilities and accrued expenses	803	556
Total	1,095	906
CDOs, Mortgage-Backed and Other Asset-Backed [Member]
Assets
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	253	572
Other assets	2	15
Total	255	587
Liabilities
Other secured financings	139	113
Payables to customers and counterparties		432
Total	139	545
Principal-Protected Notes [Member]
Assets
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	86	126
Total	86	126
Liabilities
Other secured financings	431	413
Unsecured short-term borrowings	197	416
Unsecured long-term borrowings	334	312
Total	962	1,141
Consolidated Variable Interest Entity, Total Carrying Amount [Member]
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	300	423
Receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations		1
Loans receivable	603	1,534
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	2,047	2,283
Other assets	682	471
Total	3,632	4,712
Liabilities
Other secured financings	854	858
Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations	1
Payables to customers and counterparties		434
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	7	16
Unsecured short-term borrowings	197	416
Unsecured long-term borrowings	334	312
Other liabilities and accrued expenses	803	556
Total	$ 2,196	$ 2,592

XML

Other Assets - Other Assets (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Other Assets [Abstract]
Property, leasehold improvements and equipment	$ 12,070	$ 9,956
Goodwill and identifiable intangible assets	4,095	4,148
Income tax-related assets	5,550	5,548
Equity-method investments	219	258
Miscellaneous receivables and other	3,547	5,308
Total	$ 25,481	$ 25,218

XML

Other Assets - Other Assets (Parenthetical) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Other Assets [Abstract]
Investments accounted for at fair value excluded from equity-method investments	$ 7,920	$ 6,590
Investments in qualified affordable housing projects	$ 682	$ 581

XML

Other Assets - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2015
Other Assets [Abstract]
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	$ 7,680		$ 7,770
Property, leasehold improvements and equipment used for operation	$ 5,960		$ 5,930
Amortization period - Capitalized costs of software developed or obtained for internal use	3 years
Impairment charges		$ 360
Impairment charges related to property, leasehold improvements and equipment		268
Impairment charges related to identifiable intangible assets		70
Impairment charges related to goodwill		$ 22

XML

Other Assets - Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Schedule Of Intangible Assets And Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 3,666	$ 3,657
Identifiable Intangible Assets	429	491
Investment Banking - Financial Advisory [Member]
Schedule Of Intangible Assets And Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill	98	98
Investment Banking - Underwriting [Member]
Schedule Of Intangible Assets And Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill	183	183
Institutional Client Services - Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution [Member]
Schedule Of Intangible Assets And Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill	269	269
Identifiable Intangible Assets	65	92
Institutional Client Services - Equities Client Execution [Member]
Schedule Of Intangible Assets And Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill	2,403	2,402
Identifiable Intangible Assets	141	193
Institutional Client Services - Securities Services [Member]
Schedule Of Intangible Assets And Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill	105	105
Investing and Lending [Member]
Schedule Of Intangible Assets And Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill	2	2
Identifiable Intangible Assets	105	75
Investment Management [Member]
Schedule Of Intangible Assets And Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill	606	598
Identifiable Intangible Assets	$ 118	$ 131

XML

Other Assets - Intangible Assets Disclosure (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	$ 1,608	$ 1,521
Accumulated amortization	(1,179)	(1,030)
Net carrying amount	429	491
Customer Lists [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	1,065	1,072
Accumulated amortization	(837)	(777)
Net carrying amount	228	295
Other [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	543	449
Accumulated amortization	(342)	(253)
Net carrying amount	$ 201	$ 196

XML

Other Assets - Intangible Assets Disclosure - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Other [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Identifiable intangible assets	$ 89
Identifiable intangible assets approximate weighted average remaining life in years	3 years
Customer Lists [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Identifiable intangible assets		$ 67
Identifiable intangible assets approximate weighted average remaining life in years		3 years

XML

Other Assets - Amortization Expense (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Amortization related to identifiable intangible assets	$ 162	$ 132	$ 217

XML

Other Assets - Estimated Future Amortization for Existing Identifiable Intangible Assets Through 2021 (Detail) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net, Amortization Expense, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
Future amortization, 2017	$ 133
Future amortization, 2018	113
Future amortization, 2019	79
Future amortization, 2020	29
Future amortization, 2021	$ 19

XML

Deposits - Types and Sources of the Firm's Deposits (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Deposits [Line Items]
Savings and Demand	$ 77,197	$ 54,507
Time	46,901	43,012
Total	124,098	97,519
Private Bank And Online Retail [Member]
Deposits [Line Items]
Savings and Demand	61,166
Time	4,437
Total	65,603
Private Bank Deposits [Member]
Deposits [Line Items]
Savings and Demand		38,715
Time		2,354
Total		41,069
Brokered Certificates Of Deposit [Member]
Deposits [Line Items]
Time	34,905	32,419
Total	34,905	32,419
Deposit Sweep Programs [Member]
Deposits [Line Items]
Savings and Demand	16,019	15,791
Total	16,019	15,791
Institutional [Member]
Deposits [Line Items]
Savings and Demand	12	1
Time	7,559	8,239
Total	$ 7,571	$ 8,240

XML

Deposits - Additional Information (Detail) - GE Capital Bank [Member] $ in Millions	Apr. 30, 2016 USD ($)
Deposits [Line Items]
Deposits assumed	$ 16,520
Online Deposit Accounts and Certificates of Deposit [Member]
Deposits [Line Items]
Deposits assumed	8,760
Brokered Certificates Of Deposit [Member]
Deposits [Line Items]
Deposits assumed	$ 7,760

XML

Deposits - Types and Sources of the Firm's Deposits (Parenthetical) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Deposits [Abstract]
Deposits at fair value	$ 13,782	$ 14,680
Weighted average maturity of time deposits	2 years 6 months	3 years
Deposits insured by the FDIC	$ 69,910	$ 55,480

XML

Deposits - Deposits (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Deposits [Abstract]
U.S. offices	$ 106,037	$ 81,920
Non-U.S. offices	18,061	15,599
Total	$ 124,098	$ 97,519

XML

Deposits - Maturities of Time Deposits (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Time Deposits By Maturity [Line Items]
2017	$ 19,507
2018	6,546
2019	5,350
2020	4,054
2021	3,558
2022 - thereafter	7,886
Total	46,901	$ 43,012
U.S. [Member]
Time Deposits By Maturity [Line Items]
2017	11,245
2018	6,004
2019	5,350
2020	4,054
2021	3,519
2022 - thereafter	7,671
Total	37,843
Non-U.S. [Member]
Time Deposits By Maturity [Line Items]
2017	8,262
2018	542
2021	39
2022 - thereafter	215
Total	$ 9,058

XML

Deposits - Maturities of Time Deposits (Parenthetical) (Detail) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)
Deposits [Abstract]
Total domestic time deposits greater than $250,000	$ 2,050
Total foreign time deposits greater than $250,000	$ 8,530

XML

Short-Term Borrowings - Short-Term Borrowings (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Other secured financings (short-term)	$ 13,118	$ 14,233
Unsecured short-term borrowings	39,265	42,787
Total	$ 52,383	$ 57,020

XML

Short-Term Borrowings - Unsecured Short-Term Borrowings (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Current portion of unsecured long-term borrowings	$ 23,528	$ 25,373
Hybrid financial instruments	11,700	12,956
Commercial paper		208
Other short-term borrowings	4,037	4,250
Total unsecured short-term borrowings	$ 39,265	$ 42,787
Unsecured short-term debt, weighted average interest rate, after giving effect to hedging activities	1.68%	1.52%

XML

Short-Term Borrowings - Unsecured Short-Term Borrowings (Parenthetical) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Current portion unsecured long-term borrowings	$ 23,528	$ 25,373
Group Inc. [Member]
Short-term Debt [Line Items]
Current portion unsecured long-term borrowings	$ 21,530	$ 24,110

XML

Long-Term Borrowings - Long-Term Borrowings (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Long-term Debt, Excluding Current Maturities [Abstract]
Other secured financings (long-term)	$ 8,405	$ 10,520
Unsecured long-term borrowings	189,086	175,422
Total	$ 197,491	$ 185,942

XML

Long-Term Borrowings - Unsecured Long-Term Borrowings (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 189,086	$ 175,422
Group Inc. [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed-rate obligations	125,159	119,884
Floating-rate obligations	46,976	44,797
Total	172,135	164,681
Subsidiaries [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed-rate obligations	3,113	3,009
Floating-rate obligations	13,838	7,732
Total	16,951	10,741
U.S. Dollar [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	132,861	125,733
U.S. Dollar [Member] | Group Inc. [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed-rate obligations	93,885	90,076
Floating-rate obligations	27,864	27,881
U.S. Dollar [Member] | Subsidiaries [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed-rate obligations	2,228	2,114
Floating-rate obligations	8,884	5,662
Non-U.S. Dollar [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	56,225	49,689
Non-U.S. Dollar [Member] | Group Inc. [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed-rate obligations	31,274	29,808
Floating-rate obligations	19,112	16,916
Non-U.S. Dollar [Member] | Subsidiaries [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed-rate obligations	885	895
Floating-rate obligations	$ 4,954	$ 2,070

XML

Long-Term Borrowings - Unsecured Long-Term Borrowings (Parenthetical) (Detail) - Unsecured Debt [Member]	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
U.S. Dollar [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed interest rate debt obligations interest rates range	1.60%	1.60%
U.S. Dollar [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed interest rate debt obligations interest rates range	10.04%	10.04%
U.S. Dollar [Member] | Weighted Average [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed interest rate debt obligations interest rates range	4.57%	4.89%
Non-U.S. Dollar [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed interest rate debt obligations interest rates range	0.02%	0.40%
Non-U.S. Dollar [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed interest rate debt obligations interest rates range	13.00%	13.00%
Non-U.S. Dollar [Member] | Weighted Average [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed interest rate debt obligations interest rates range	3.05%	3.81%

XML

Long-Term Borrowings - Unsecured Long-Term Borrowings by Maturity Date (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 189,086	$ 175,422
Unsecured Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2018	26,704
2019	25,594
2020	18,409
2021	20,745
2022 - thereafter	97,634
Group Inc. [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	172,135	164,681
Group Inc. [Member] | Unsecured Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2018	23,814
2019	23,012
2020	17,291
2021	20,005
2022 - thereafter	88,013
Subsidiaries [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	16,951	$ 10,741
Subsidiaries [Member] | Unsecured Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2018	2,890
2019	2,582
2020	1,118
2021	740
2022 - thereafter	$ 9,621

XML

Long-Term Borrowings - Unsecured Long-Term Borrowings by Maturity Date (Parenthetical) (Detail) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
2018	$ 386
2019	295
2020	355
2021	586
2022 and thereafter	5,810
Amount related to interest rate hedges on certain unsecured long-term borrowings	$ 7,430

XML

Long-Term Borrowings - Unsecured Long-Term Borrowings after Hedging (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed rate obligations at fair value	$ 150	$ 21
Fixed rate obligations at amortized cost	74,718	55,017
Floating rate obligations at fair value	29,260	22,252
Floating rate obligations at amortized cost	84,958	98,132
Total	189,086	175,422
Group Inc. [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed rate obligations at fair value	0	0
Fixed rate obligations at amortized cost	71,225	52,448
Floating rate obligations at fair value	17,591	16,194
Floating rate obligations at amortized cost	83,319	96,039
Total	172,135	164,681
Subsidiaries [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed rate obligations at fair value	150	21
Fixed rate obligations at amortized cost	3,493	2,569
Floating rate obligations at fair value	11,669	6,058
Floating rate obligations at amortized cost	1,639	2,093
Total	$ 16,951	$ 10,741

XML

Long-Term Borrowings - Unsecured Long-Term Borrowings after Hedging (Parenthetical) (Detail)	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Effective weighted average interest rates for unsecured long-term borrowings, after hedging - total	2.87%	2.73%
Effective weighted average interest rates for unsecured long-term borrowings, after hedging fixed rate obligations	3.90%	4.33%
Effective weighted average interest rates for unsecured long-term borrowings, after hedging - floating rate obligations	1.97%	1.84%

XML

Long-Term Borrowings - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Mar. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Minimum redemption or purchase price required	$ 253.0
APEX exchanged, par amount	1,320.0
Series E and Series F Preferred Stock canceled, redemption value	$ 1,320.0
Subordinated Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Subordinated debt maturities, description	As of both December 2016 and December 2015, subordinated debt had maturities ranging from 2018 to 2045.
Subordinated debt maturities, range, start	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Subordinated debt maturities, range, end	Dec. 31, 2045	Dec. 31, 2045
Goldman Sachs Capital I [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest Rate of Junior Subordinated Debentures issued to Trust, Fixed	6.345%
Maturity date of Junior Subordinated Debentures issued to Trust	Feb. 15, 2034
Junior subordinated debentures issued to Goldman Sachs Capital I (Trust)	$ 2,840.0
Guaranteed preferred beneficial interests issued to third parties	2,750.0
Common beneficial interests issued to Group Inc.	85.0
Common beneficial interests delivered to the Trust			$ 44.2	$ 44.2
Trust Preferred Securities purchased, par amount			$ 1,430.0	$ 1,430.0
Junior subordinated debt, outstanding par amount	1,360.0
Trust Preferred Securities, outstanding par amount	1,320.0
Common beneficial interests, outstanding par amount	$ 40.8
Interest Rate of Junior Subordinated Debentures held by certain third parties	6.345%
Maturity date of Junior Subordinated Debentures held by certain third parties	Feb. 15, 2034
The 2012 Trusts [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Senior guaranteed trust securities issued by the Murray Street Trust and Vesey Street Trust (together, the 2012 Trusts)	$ 2,250.0
Senior guaranteed trust securities issued by the Murray Street Trust and Vesey Street Trust outstanding	$ 1,450.0
Maturity date of Junior Subordinated Debt held by Murray Street Trust	Mar. 09, 2017
Interest Rate of Junior Subordinated Debt held by Murray Street Trust, Fixed	4.647%

XML

Long-Term Borrowings - Subordinated Long-Term Borrowings (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total subordinated Long-term Borrowings, par amount	$ 16,418	$ 19,363
Long-term subordinated debt outstanding	17,604	20,784
Long-term junior subordinated debt	1,809	1,817
Total subordinated Long-term Borrowings	$ 19,413	$ 22,601
Effective weighted average interest rate of long-term subordinated debt, after hedging	4.29%	3.79%
Effective weighted average interest rate of long-term junior subordinated debt, after hedging	5.70%	5.77%
Effective weighted average interest rate on long-term subordinated borrowings, after hedging	4.41%	3.93%
Subordinated Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, par amount	$ 15,058	$ 18,004
Junior Subordinated Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, par amount	$ 1,360	$ 1,359

XML

Long-Term Borrowings - Subordinated Long-Term Borrowings (Parenthetical) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term subordinated debt outstanding	$ 17,604	$ 20,784
Subordinated Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, par amount	15,058	18,004
Group Inc. [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term subordinated debt outstanding	17,390	20,250
Group Inc. [Member] | Subordinated Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, par amount	$ 14,840	$ 17,470

XML

Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses - Other Liabilities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]
Compensation and benefits	$ 7,181	$ 8,149
Noncontrolling interests	506	459
Income tax-related liabilities	1,794	1,280
Employee interests in consolidated funds	77	149
Subordinated liabilities of consolidated VIEs	584	501
Accrued expenses and other	4,220	8,355
Total	$ 14,362	$ 18,893

XML

Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees - Commitments (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Commitment Liabilities [Line Items]
Total commitments to extend credit	$ 112,056	$ 117,158
Contingent and forward starting resale and securities borrowing agreements	25,348	28,874
Forward starting repurchase and secured lending agreements	8,939	5,878
Letters of credit	373	249
Investment commitments	8,444	6,054
Other	6,014	6,944
Total commitments	161,174	165,157
Maturities, Year 1 [Member]
Commitment Liabilities [Line Items]
Total commitments to extend credit	22,358
Contingent and forward starting resale and securities borrowing agreements	25,348
Forward starting repurchase and secured lending agreements	8,939
Letters of credit	308
Investment commitments	6,713
Other	5,756
Total commitments	69,422
Maturities, Year 2 and Year 3 [Member]
Commitment Liabilities [Line Items]
Total commitments to extend credit	24,905
Letters of credit	21
Investment commitments	415
Other	200
Total commitments	25,541
Maturities, Year 3 and Year 4 [Member]
Commitment Liabilities [Line Items]
Total commitments to extend credit	58,412
Investment commitments	108
Other	15
Total commitments	58,535
Maturities, Year 5 and Thereafter [Member]
Commitment Liabilities [Line Items]
Total commitments to extend credit	6,381
Letters of credit	44
Investment commitments	1,208
Other	43
Total commitments	7,676
Investment Grade Commercial Lending [Member]
Commitment Liabilities [Line Items]
Total commitments to extend credit	73,664	72,428
Investment Grade Commercial Lending [Member] | Maturities, Year 1 [Member]
Commitment Liabilities [Line Items]
Total commitments to extend credit	19,408
Investment Grade Commercial Lending [Member] | Maturities, Year 2 and Year 3 [Member]
Commitment Liabilities [Line Items]
Total commitments to extend credit	14,091
Investment Grade Commercial Lending [Member] | Maturities, Year 3 and Year 4 [Member]
Commitment Liabilities [Line Items]
Total commitments to extend credit	39,665
Investment Grade Commercial Lending [Member] | Maturities, Year 5 and Thereafter [Member]
Commitment Liabilities [Line Items]
Total commitments to extend credit	500
Non Investment Grade Commercial Lending [Member]
Commitment Liabilities [Line Items]
Total commitments to extend credit	34,878	41,277
Non Investment Grade Commercial Lending [Member] | Maturities, Year 1 [Member]
Commitment Liabilities [Line Items]
Total commitments to extend credit	2,562
Non Investment Grade Commercial Lending [Member] | Maturities, Year 2 and Year 3 [Member]
Commitment Liabilities [Line Items]
Total commitments to extend credit	9,458
Non Investment Grade Commercial Lending [Member] | Maturities, Year 3 and Year 4 [Member]
Commitment Liabilities [Line Items]
Total commitments to extend credit	18,484
Non Investment Grade Commercial Lending [Member] | Maturities, Year 5 and Thereafter [Member]
Commitment Liabilities [Line Items]
Total commitments to extend credit	4,374
Warehouse Financing [Member]
Commitment Liabilities [Line Items]
Total commitments to extend credit	3,514	$ 3,453
Warehouse Financing [Member] | Maturities, Year 1 [Member]
Commitment Liabilities [Line Items]
Total commitments to extend credit	388
Warehouse Financing [Member] | Maturities, Year 2 and Year 3 [Member]
Commitment Liabilities [Line Items]
Total commitments to extend credit	1,356
Warehouse Financing [Member] | Maturities, Year 3 and Year 4 [Member]
Commitment Liabilities [Line Items]
Total commitments to extend credit	263
Warehouse Financing [Member] | Maturities, Year 5 and Thereafter [Member]
Commitment Liabilities [Line Items]
Total commitments to extend credit	$ 1,507

XML

Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Summary Of Commitments And Contingent Liabilities [Line Items]
Approximate amount of lending commitments held for investment	$ 98,050,000,000	$ 93,920,000,000
Approximate amount of lending commitments held for sale	6,870,000,000	9,920,000,000
Notional amount of loan commitments which are protected by SMFG against credit loss	$ 26,880,000,000	27,030,000,000
Credit loss protection percentage of first loss on loan commitments provided by SMFG	95.00%
Approximate amount of maximum protection of first loss on loan commitments provided by SMFG	$ 950,000,000
SMFG credit loss protection for additional losses percentage	70.00%
Maximum protection on additional losses on loan commitments provided by SMFG	$ 1,130,000,000
Protection provided by SMFG for additional losses	768,000,000	768,000,000
Commitments to invest in funds managed by the firm	$ 2,100,000,000	2,860,000,000
The latest year through which the firm's noncancelable lease agreements extend	2069
Operating Leases, Rent Expense	$ 244,000,000	249,000,000	$ 309,000,000
Exit costs incurred	(68,000,000)
Amount of loans sold to government sponsored enterprises during the period 2005 through 2008	10,000,000,000
Amount of loans sold to other third parties during the period 2005 through 2008	11,000,000,000
Outstanding balance for loans transferred to trusts and other mortgage securitization vehicles during the period 2005 through 2008	125,000,000,000
Collateral held by lenders in connection with securities lending indemnifications	34,330,000,000	$ 32,850,000,000
Residential Mortgage Backed Securities Working Group [Member]
Summary Of Commitments And Contingent Liabilities [Line Items]
Settlement agreement amount	$ 1,800,000,000

XML

Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees - Leases (Detail) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2017	$ 290
2018	282
2019	238
2020	206
2021	159
2022 - thereafter	766
Total	$ 1,941

XML

Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees - Guarantees (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Derivative Guarantee [Member]
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Carrying Value of Net Liability	$ 8,873	$ 8,351
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount by Period of Expiration	816,774	926,443
Derivative Guarantee [Member] | Maturities, Year 1 [Member]
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount by Period of Expiration	432,328	640,288
Derivative Guarantee [Member] | Maturities, Year 2 and Year 3 [Member]
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount by Period of Expiration	261,676	168,784
Derivative Guarantee [Member] | Maturities, Year 4 and Year 5 [Member]
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount by Period of Expiration	71,264	67,643
Derivative Guarantee [Member] | Maturities, Year 6 and Thereafter [Member]
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount by Period of Expiration	51,506	49,728
Securities Lending Indemnification [Member]
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount by Period of Expiration	33,403	31,902
Securities Lending Indemnification [Member] | Maturities, Year 1 [Member]
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount by Period of Expiration	33,403	31,902
Financial Guarantee [Member]
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Carrying Value of Net Liability	50	76
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount by Period of Expiration	3,662	4,461
Financial Guarantee [Member] | Maturities, Year 1 [Member]
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount by Period of Expiration	1,064	611
Financial Guarantee [Member] | Maturities, Year 2 and Year 3 [Member]
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount by Period of Expiration	763	1,402
Financial Guarantee [Member] | Maturities, Year 4 and Year 5 [Member]
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount by Period of Expiration	1,662	1,772
Financial Guarantee [Member] | Maturities, Year 6 and Thereafter [Member]
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Maximum Payout/Notional Amount by Period of Expiration	$ 173	$ 676

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Shareholders' Equity - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions			12 Months Ended
	Jan. 17, 2017	Jan. 10, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Equity [Line Items]
Dividends declared per common share			$ 2.60	$ 2.55	$ 2.25
Shares remitted by employees to satisfy minimum statutory employee tax withholding			49,374	35,217	174,489
Remitted Shares, Total			$ 7	$ 6	$ 31
Cancellation of RSUs to satisfy minimum statutory employee tax withholding			6,100,000	5,700,000	5,800,000
Cancelled RSUs, Total			$ 921	$ 1,030	$ 974
Cancellation of stock options to satisfy minimum statutory employee tax withholding and the exercise price of stock options			5,500,000	2,000,000	15,600,000
Cancelled stock options, Total			$ 1,110	$ 406	$ 2,650
APEX exchanged, par amount			1,320
APEX exchanged, fair value			$ 1,040
Series E Preferred Stock cancelled, number of shares			9,833
Series F Preferred Stock cancelled, number of shares			3,385
Series E and Series F Preferred Stock cancelled, redemption value			$ 1,320
Series E and Series F Preferred Stock cancelled, net carrying value			1,310
Difference between fair value of APEX and net carrying value of preferred stock at time of cancellation			266
Group Inc. [Member]
Equity [Line Items]
APEX exchanged, fair value			1,040
Series E and Series F Preferred Stock cancelled, net carrying value			$ 1,310
Series A Preferred Stock [Member]
Equity [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividends declared			$ 953.12	$ 950.52	$ 945.32
Series B Preferred Stock [Member]
Equity [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividends declared			1,550.00	1,550.00	1,550.00
Series C Preferred Stock [Member]
Equity [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividends declared			1,016.68	1,013.90	1,008.34
Series D Preferred Stock [Member]
Equity [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividends declared			1,016.68	1,013.90	1,008.34
Series I Preferred Stock [Member]
Equity [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividends declared			1,487.52	1,487.52	1,487.52
Series J Preferred Stock [Member]
Equity [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividends declared			1,375.00	1,375.00	1,375.00
Series K Preferred Stock [Member]
Equity [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividends declared			1,593.76	1,593.76	850.00
Series N Preferred Stock [Member]
Equity [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividends declared			1,124.38
Series E Preferred Stock [Member]
Equity [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividends declared			4,066.66	4,055.55	4,044.44
Series F Preferred Stock [Member]
Equity [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividends declared			$ 4,066.66	$ 4,055.55	$ 4,044.44
Subsequent Event [Member]
Equity [Line Items]
Dividends declared per common share	$ 0.65
Dividends payable date declared	Jan. 17, 2016
Dividends payable date to be paid	Mar. 30, 2017
Dividends payable date of record	Mar. 02, 2017
Subsequent Event [Member] | Series A Preferred Stock [Member] | Group Inc. [Member]
Equity [Line Items]
Dividends payable date declared		Jan. 10, 2017
Dividends payable date to be paid		Feb. 10, 2017
Dividends payable date of record		Jan. 26, 2017
Preferred stock dividends declared		$ 239.58
Subsequent Event [Member] | Series B Preferred Stock [Member] | Group Inc. [Member]
Equity [Line Items]
Dividends payable date declared		Jan. 10, 2017
Dividends payable date to be paid		Feb. 10, 2017
Dividends payable date of record		Jan. 26, 2017
Preferred stock dividends declared		$ 387.50
Subsequent Event [Member] | Series C Preferred Stock [Member] | Group Inc. [Member]
Equity [Line Items]
Dividends payable date declared		Jan. 10, 2017
Dividends payable date to be paid		Feb. 10, 2017
Dividends payable date of record		Jan. 26, 2017
Preferred stock dividends declared		$ 255.56
Subsequent Event [Member] | Series D Preferred Stock [Member] | Group Inc. [Member]
Equity [Line Items]
Dividends payable date declared		Jan. 10, 2017
Dividends payable date to be paid		Feb. 10, 2017
Dividends payable date of record		Jan. 26, 2017
Preferred stock dividends declared		$ 255.56
Subsequent Event [Member] | Series I Preferred Stock [Member] | Group Inc. [Member]
Equity [Line Items]
Dividends payable date declared		Jan. 10, 2017
Dividends payable date to be paid		Feb. 10, 2017
Dividends payable date of record		Jan. 26, 2017
Preferred stock dividends declared		$ 371.88
Subsequent Event [Member] | Series J Preferred Stock [Member] | Group Inc. [Member]
Equity [Line Items]
Dividends payable date declared		Jan. 10, 2017
Dividends payable date to be paid		Feb. 10, 2017
Dividends payable date of record		Jan. 26, 2017
Preferred stock dividends declared		$ 343.75
Subsequent Event [Member] | Series K Preferred Stock [Member] | Group Inc. [Member]
Equity [Line Items]
Dividends payable date declared		Jan. 10, 2017
Dividends payable date to be paid		Feb. 10, 2017
Dividends payable date of record		Jan. 26, 2017
Preferred stock dividends declared		$ 398.44
Subsequent Event [Member] | Series N Preferred Stock [Member] | Group Inc. [Member]
Equity [Line Items]
Dividends payable date declared		Jan. 10, 2017
Dividends payable date to be paid		Feb. 10, 2017
Dividends payable date of record		Jan. 26, 2017
Preferred stock dividends declared		$ 393.75
Subsequent Event [Member] | Series E Preferred Stock [Member] | Group Inc. [Member]
Equity [Line Items]
Dividends payable date declared		Jan. 10, 2017
Dividends payable date to be paid		Mar. 01, 2017
Dividends payable date of record		Feb. 14, 2017
Preferred stock dividends declared		$ 1,000.00
Subsequent Event [Member] | Series F Preferred Stock [Member] | Group Inc. [Member]
Equity [Line Items]
Dividends payable date declared		Jan. 10, 2017
Dividends payable date to be paid		Mar. 01, 2017
Dividends payable date of record		Feb. 14, 2017
Preferred stock dividends declared		$ 1,000.00

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Shareholders' Equity - Summary of Amount of Common Stock Repurchased by the Firm (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Equity [Abstract]
Common share repurchases	36.6	22.1	31.8
Average cost per share	$ 165.88	$ 189.41	$ 171.79
Total cost of common share repurchases	$ 6,069	$ 4,195	$ 5,469

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Shareholders' Equity - Summary of Perpetual Preferred Stock Issued and Outstanding (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Jul. 31, 2016	Feb. 29, 2016
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares Authorized	509,250
Shares Issued	420,282
Shares Outstanding	420,280
Redemption Value	$ 11,203
Series A Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares Authorized	50,000
Shares Issued	30,000
Shares Outstanding	29,999
Depositary Shares Per Share	1,000
Earliest Redemption Date	Currently redeemable
Liquidation Preference	$ 25,000
Redemption Value	$ 750
Dividend Rate	3 month LIBOR + 0.75%, with floor of 3.75% per annum
Series B Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares Authorized	50,000
Shares Issued	32,000
Shares Outstanding	32,000
Depositary Shares Per Share	1,000
Earliest Redemption Date	Currently redeemable
Liquidation Preference	$ 25,000
Redemption Value	$ 800
Dividend Rate	6.20% per annum
Series C Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares Authorized	25,000
Shares Issued	8,000
Shares Outstanding	8,000
Depositary Shares Per Share	1,000
Earliest Redemption Date	Currently redeemable
Liquidation Preference	$ 25,000
Redemption Value	$ 200
Dividend Rate	3 month LIBOR + 0.75%, with floor of 4.00% per annum
Series D Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares Authorized	60,000
Shares Issued	54,000
Shares Outstanding	53,999
Depositary Shares Per Share	1,000
Earliest Redemption Date	Currently redeemable
Liquidation Preference	$ 25,000
Redemption Value	$ 1,350
Dividend Rate	3 month LIBOR + 0.67%, with floor of 4.00% per annum
Series E Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares Authorized	17,500
Shares Issued	7,667
Shares Outstanding	7,667
Earliest Redemption Date	Currently redeemable
Liquidation Preference	$ 100,000
Redemption Value	$ 767
Dividend Rate	3 month LIBOR + 0.77%, with floor of 4.00% per annum
Series F Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares Authorized	5,000
Shares Issued	1,615
Shares Outstanding	1,615
Earliest Redemption Date	Currently redeemable
Liquidation Preference	$ 100,000
Redemption Value	$ 161
Dividend Rate	3 month LIBOR + 0.77%, with floor of 4.00% per annum
Series I Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares Authorized	34,500
Shares Issued	34,000
Shares Outstanding	34,000
Depositary Shares Per Share	1,000
Earliest Redemption Date	Nov. 10, 2017
Liquidation Preference	$ 25,000
Redemption Value	$ 850
Dividend Rate	5.95% per annum
Series J Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares Authorized	46,000
Shares Issued	40,000
Shares Outstanding	40,000
Depositary Shares Per Share	1,000
Earliest Redemption Date	May 10, 2023
Liquidation Preference	$ 25,000
Redemption Value	$ 1,000
Dividend Rate	5.50% per annum to, but excluding, May 10, 2023; 3 month LIBOR + 3.64% per annum thereafter
Series K Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares Authorized	32,200
Shares Issued	28,000
Shares Outstanding	28,000
Depositary Shares Per Share	1,000
Earliest Redemption Date	May 10, 2024
Liquidation Preference	$ 25,000
Redemption Value	$ 700
Dividend Rate	6.375% per annum to, but excluding, May 10, 2024; 3 month LIBOR + 3.55% per annum thereafter
Series L Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares Authorized	52,000
Shares Issued	52,000
Shares Outstanding	52,000
Depositary Shares Per Share	25
Earliest Redemption Date	May 10, 2019
Liquidation Preference	$ 25,000
Redemption Value	$ 1,300
Dividend Rate	5.70% per annum to, but excluding, May 10, 2019; 3 month LIBOR + 3.884% per annum thereafter
Series M Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares Authorized	80,000
Shares Issued	80,000
Shares Outstanding	80,000
Depositary Shares Per Share	25
Earliest Redemption Date	May 10, 2020
Liquidation Preference	$ 25,000
Redemption Value	$ 2,000
Dividend Rate	5.375% per annum to, but excluding, May 10, 2020; 3 month LIBOR + 3.922% per annum thereafter
Series N Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares Authorized	31,050
Shares Issued	27,000		27,000
Shares Outstanding	27,000
Depositary Shares Per Share	1,000
Earliest Redemption Date	May 10, 2021
Liquidation Preference	$ 25,000
Redemption Value	$ 675
Dividend Rate	6.30% per annum
Series O Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares Authorized	26,000
Shares Issued	26,000	26,000
Shares Outstanding	26,000
Depositary Shares Per Share	25
Earliest Redemption Date	Nov. 10, 2026
Liquidation Preference	$ 25,000
Redemption Value	$ 650
Dividend Rate	5.30% per annum to, but excluding, November 10, 2026; 3 month LIBOR + 3.834% per annum thereafter

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Shareholders' Equity - Summary of Perpetual Preferred Stock Issued and Outstanding (Parenthetical) (Detail) - $ / shares	1 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2016	Feb. 29, 2016	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred Stock			$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Shares Issued			420,282
Series A Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred Stock			$ 0.01
Shares Issued			30,000
Series B Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred Stock			$ 0.01
Shares Issued			32,000
Series C Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred Stock			$ 0.01
Shares Issued			8,000
Series D Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred Stock			$ 0.01
Shares Issued			54,000
Series E Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred Stock			$ 0.01
Shares Issued			7,667
Series F Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred Stock			$ 0.01
Shares Issued			1,615
Series I Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred Stock			$ 0.01
Shares Issued			34,000
Series J Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred Stock			$ 0.01
Shares Issued			40,000
Series K Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred Stock			$ 0.01
Shares Issued			28,000
Series L Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred Stock			$ 0.01
Shares Issued			52,000
Series M Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred Stock			$ 0.01
Shares Issued			80,000
Series N Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred Stock			$ 0.01
Shares Issued		27,000	27,000
Preferred stock dividend rate		6.30%
Series O Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred Stock			$ 0.01
Shares Issued	26,000		26,000
Preferred stock dividend rate	5.30%

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Shareholders' Equity - Summary of Preferred Dividends Declared on Preferred Stock Issued (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Total preferred stock dividends declared	$ 577	$ 515	$ 400
Series A Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividends declared	$ 953.12	$ 950.52	$ 945.32
Total preferred stock dividends declared	$ 29	$ 28	$ 28
Series B Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividends declared	$ 1,550.00	$ 1,550.00	$ 1,550.00
Total preferred stock dividends declared	$ 50	$ 50	$ 50
Series C Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividends declared	$ 1,016.68	$ 1,013.90	$ 1,008.34
Total preferred stock dividends declared	$ 8	$ 8	$ 8
Series D Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividends declared	$ 1,016.68	$ 1,013.90	$ 1,008.34
Total preferred stock dividends declared	$ 55	$ 54	$ 54
Series E Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividends declared	$ 4,066.66	$ 4,055.55	$ 4,044.44
Total preferred stock dividends declared	$ 50	$ 71	$ 71
Series F Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividends declared	$ 4,066.66	$ 4,055.55	$ 4,044.44
Total preferred stock dividends declared	$ 13	$ 20	$ 20
Series I Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividends declared	$ 1,487.52	$ 1,487.52	$ 1,487.52
Total preferred stock dividends declared	$ 51	$ 51	$ 51
Series J Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividends declared	$ 1,375.00	$ 1,375.00	$ 1,375.00
Total preferred stock dividends declared	$ 55	$ 55	$ 55
Series K Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividends declared	$ 1,593.76	$ 1,593.76	$ 850.00
Total preferred stock dividends declared	$ 45	$ 45	$ 24
Series L Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividends declared	$ 1,425.00	$ 1,425.00	$ 760.00
Total preferred stock dividends declared	$ 74	$ 74	$ 39
Series M Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividends declared	$ 1,343.76	$ 735.33
Total preferred stock dividends declared	$ 107	$ 59
Series N Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividends declared	$ 1,124.38
Total preferred stock dividends declared	$ 30
Series O Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividends declared	$ 379.10
Total preferred stock dividends declared	$ 10

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Shareholders' Equity - Summary of Preferred Dividends Declared on Preferred Stock Issued (Parenthetical) (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016 $ / shares shares
Equity [Abstract]
Series E and Series F Preferred Stock prorated dividend related to shares which were cancelled | $ / shares	$ 866.67
Series E Preferred Stock cancelled with prorated dividend , number of shares	4,861
Series F Preferred Stock cancelled with prorated dividend, number of shares	1,639

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Shareholders' Equity - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Beginning balance	$ 86,728	$ 82,797
Other comprehensive income/(loss) adjustments, net of tax	(803)	25	$ (219)
Ending balance	86,893	86,728	82,797
Currency Translation [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Beginning balance	(587)	(473)
Other comprehensive income/(loss) adjustments, net of tax	(60)	(114)
Ending balance	(647)	(587)	(473)
Debt Valuation Adjustment [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Other comprehensive income/(loss) adjustments, net of tax	(544)
Ending balance	(239)
Debt Valuation Adjustment [Member] | Accounting Standards Update 2016-01 [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Beginning balance	305
Ending balance		305
Pension and Postretirement Liabilities [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Beginning balance	(131)	(270)
Other comprehensive income/(loss) adjustments, net of tax	(199)	139
Ending balance	(330)	(131)	(270)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Beginning balance	(718)	(743)	(524)
Other comprehensive income/(loss) adjustments, net of tax	(803)	25	(219)
Ending balance	(1,216)	(718)	$ (743)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member] | Accounting Standards Update 2016-01 [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Beginning balance	$ (413)
Ending balance		$ (413)

XML

Regulation and Capital Adequacy - Minimum Capital Ratios (Detail)	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Regulation And Capital Adequacy [Abstract]
CET1 ratio	5.875%	4.50%
Tier 1 capital ratio	7.375%	6.00%
Total capital ratio	9.375%	8.00%
Tier 1 leverage ratio	4.00%	4.00%

XML

Regulation and Capital Adequacy - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Capital conservation buffer	0.625%
Global Systemically Important Bank (G-SIB) buffer	0.75%
Counter-cyclical capital buffer	0.00%
G-SIB buffer	3.00%
Confidence level for regulatory VaR	99.00%
Confidence level for risk management VaR	95.00%
Time horizon for regulatory VaR (in days)	10 days
Time horizon for risk management VaR (in days)	1 day
Increased deductions due to transitional provisions, percentage	60.00%	40.00%	20.00%
Minimum equity capital that is required to be maintained in regulated subsidiaries	$ 46,490	$ 48,090
Standardized Capital Rules [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Change in Credit RWAs	(8,705)	(52,577)
Change in Market RWAs	(18,726)	(42,532)
Basel III Advanced Transitional [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Change in Credit RWAs	6,005	16,138
Change in Market RWAs	(18,506)	(41,900)
Change in Operational RWAs	(15,500)	33,100
GS&Co [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Regulatory net capital as defined by Rule 15c3-1	17,170	14,750
Excess amount of regulatory net capital as defined by Rule 15c3-1	14,660	12,370
Amount of broker-dealer tentative net capital required to be held in accordance with Appendix E of Rule 15c3-1	1,000
Amount of broker-dealer net capital required to be held in accordance with Appendix E of Rule 15c3-1	500
Minimum tentative net capital required to be maintained by GS&Co or must notify the SEC	$ 5,000
GSEC [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Regulatory net capital as defined by Rule 15c3-1		1,710
Excess amount of regulatory net capital as defined by Rule 15c3-1		1,590
GS Bank USA [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Capital conservation buffer	0.625%
Counter-cyclical capital buffer	0.00%
Amount deposited by GS Bank USA held at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York	$ 74,240	49,360
Excess amount deposited by GS Bank USA held at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York	$ 74,090	$ 49,250

XML

Regulation and Capital Adequacy - Minimum Capital Ratios (Parenthetical) (Detail)	Dec. 31, 2016
Regulation And Capital Adequacy [Abstract]
Well-capitalized minimum total capital ratio	10.00%

XML

Regulation and Capital Adequacy - Consolidated Regulatory Capital Ratios (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Preferred stock	$ 11,203	$ 11,200
Tier 1 leverage ratio	9.40%	9.30%
Standardized Capital Rules [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Common shareholders' equity	$ 75,690	$ 75,528
Deductions for goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, net of deferred tax liabilities	(2,874)	(2,814)
Deductions for investments in nonconsolidated financial institutions	(424)	(864)
Other adjustments	(346)	(487)
Total Common Equity Tier 1	72,046	71,363	$ 69,830
Preferred stock	11,203	11,200
Junior subordinated debt issued to trusts		330
Deduction for investments in covered funds	(445)	(413)
Other adjustments	(364)	(969)
Tier 1 capital	82,440	81,511	78,433
Qualifying subordinated debt	14,566	15,132
Junior subordinated debt issued to trusts	792	990
Allowance for losses on loans and lending commitments	722	602
Other adjustments	(6)	(19)
Tier 2 capital	16,074	16,705	12,861
Total capital	98,514	98,216
RWAs	$ 496,676	$ 524,107	619,216
CET1 ratio	14.50%	13.60%
Tier 1 capital ratio	16.60%	15.60%
Total capital ratio	19.80%	18.70%
Basel III Advanced Transitional [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Total Common Equity Tier 1	$ 72,046	$ 71,363	69,830
Tier 1 capital	82,440	81,511	78,433
Allowance for losses on loans and lending commitments	(722)	(602)
Tier 2 capital	15,352	16,103	12,545
Total capital	97,792	97,614
Standardized Tier 2 capital	16,074	16,705
RWAs	$ 549,650	$ 577,651	$ 570,313
CET1 ratio	13.10%	12.40%
Tier 1 capital ratio	15.00%	14.10%
Total capital ratio	17.80%	16.90%

XML

Regulation and Capital Adequacy - Consolidated Regulatory Capital Ratios (Parenthetical) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Regulation And Capital Adequacy [Abstract]
Goodwill	$ 3,666	$ 3,657
Identifiable intangible assets deducted from CET1 during transitional period	257	196
Identifiable Intangible Assets	$ 429	$ 491
Increased deductions due to transitional provisions, percentage	60.00%	40.00%	20.00%
Deferred tax liabilities associated with goodwill and identifiable intangible assets	$ 1,050	$ 1,040
Subordinated debt maturity period	5 years

XML

Regulation and Capital Adequacy - Capital Rollforward (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Standardized Capital Rules [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Common Equity Tier 1, Beginning balance	$ 71,363	$ 69,830
Change in common shareholders' equity	162	1,931
Change in deductions for transitional provisions	(839)	(1,368)
Change in deductions for goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, net of deferred tax liabilities	16	75
Change in deductions for investments in nonconsolidated financial institutions	895	1,059
Change in other adjustments	449	(164)
Common Equity Tier 1, Ending balance	72,046	71,363
Tier 1 Capital, Beginning balance	81,511	78,433
Change in deductions for transitional provisions	(558)	(1,073)
Change in deductions for investments in covered funds	(32)	(413)
Other net increase in CET1	1,522	2,901
Redesignation of junior subordinated debt issued to trusts	(330)	(330)
Change in preferred stock	3	2,000
Change in other adjustments	324	(7)
Tier 1 Capital, Ending balance	82,440	81,511
Tier 2 capital, Beginning balance	16,705	12,861
Increased deductions for transitional provisions		(53)
Change in qualifying subordinated debt	(566)	3,238
Redesignation of junior subordinated debt issued to trusts	(198)	330
Change in the allowance for losses on loans and lending commitments	120	286
Change in other adjustments	13	43
Tier 2 Capital, Ending balance	16,074	16,705
Total capital	98,514	98,216
Basel III Advanced Transitional [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Common Equity Tier 1, Beginning balance	71,363	69,830
Change in common shareholders' equity	162	1,931
Change in deductions for transitional provisions	(839)	(1,368)
Change in deductions for goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, net of deferred tax liabilities	16	75
Change in deductions for investments in nonconsolidated financial institutions	895	1,059
Change in other adjustments	449	(164)
Common Equity Tier 1, Ending balance	72,046	71,363
Tier 1 Capital, Beginning balance	81,511	78,433
Change in deductions for transitional provisions	(558)	(1,073)
Change in deductions for investments in covered funds	(32)	(413)
Other net increase in CET1	1,522	2,901
Redesignation of junior subordinated debt issued to trusts	(330)	(330)
Change in preferred stock	3	2,000
Change in other adjustments	324	(7)
Tier 1 Capital, Ending balance	82,440	81,511
Tier 2 capital, Beginning balance	16,103	12,545
Increased deductions for transitional provisions		(53)
Change in qualifying subordinated debt	(566)	3,238
Redesignation of junior subordinated debt issued to trusts	(198)	330
Change in other adjustments	13	43
Tier 2 Capital, Ending balance	15,352	16,103
Total capital	$ 97,792	$ 97,614

XML

Regulation and Capital Adequacy - Risk-weighted Assets (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Standardized Capital Rules [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Credit RWAs	$ 411,413	$ 420,118
Market RWAs	85,263	103,989
Total RWAs	496,676	524,107	$ 619,216
Standardized Capital Rules [Member] | Derivatives [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Credit RWAs	124,286	136,841
Standardized Capital Rules [Member] | Commitments Guarantees and Loans [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Credit RWAs	115,744	111,391
Standardized Capital Rules [Member] | Securities Financing Transactions [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Credit RWAs	71,319	71,392
Standardized Capital Rules [Member] | Equity Investments [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Credit RWAs	41,428	37,687
Standardized Capital Rules [Member] | Other [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Credit RWAs	58,636	62,807
Standardized Capital Rules [Member] | Regulatory VaR [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Market RWAs	9,750	12,000
Standardized Capital Rules [Member] | Stressed VaR [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Market RWAs	22,475	21,738
Standardized Capital Rules [Member] | Incremental Risk [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Market RWAs	7,875	9,513
Standardized Capital Rules [Member] | Comprehensive Risk [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Market RWAs	5,338	5,725
Standardized Capital Rules [Member] | Specific Risk [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Market RWAs	39,825	55,013
Basel III Advanced Transitional [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Credit RWAs	350,087	344,082
Market RWAs	84,475	102,981
Total Operational RWAs	115,088	130,588
Total RWAs	549,650	577,651	$ 570,313
Basel III Advanced Transitional [Member] | Derivatives [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Credit RWAs	105,096	113,671
Basel III Advanced Transitional [Member] | Commitments Guarantees and Loans [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Credit RWAs	122,792	114,523
Basel III Advanced Transitional [Member] | Securities Financing Transactions [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Credit RWAs	14,673	14,901
Basel III Advanced Transitional [Member] | Equity Investments [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Credit RWAs	44,095	40,110
Basel III Advanced Transitional [Member] | Other [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Credit RWAs	63,431	60,877
Basel III Advanced Transitional [Member] | Regulatory VaR [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Market RWAs	9,750	12,000
Basel III Advanced Transitional [Member] | Stressed VaR [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Market RWAs	22,475	21,738
Basel III Advanced Transitional [Member] | Incremental Risk [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Market RWAs	7,875	9,513
Basel III Advanced Transitional [Member] | Comprehensive Risk [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Market RWAs	4,550	4,717
Basel III Advanced Transitional [Member] | Specific Risk [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Market RWAs	$ 39,825	$ 55,013

XML

Regulation and Capital Adequacy - Risk-weighted Assets Rollforward (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Standardized Capital Rules [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Risk-Weighted Assets, Beginning balance	$ 524,107	$ 619,216
Change in deductions due to transitional provisions	(531)	(1,073)
Change in Credit RWAs	(8,705)	(52,577)
Change in Market RWAs	(18,726)	(42,532)
Risk-Weighted Assets, end of period	496,676	524,107
Standardized Capital Rules [Member] | Derivatives [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Change in Credit RWAs	(12,555)	(43,930)
Standardized Capital Rules [Member] | Commitments Guarantees and Loans [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Change in Credit RWAs	4,353	21,608
Standardized Capital Rules [Member] | Securities Financing Transactions [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Change in Credit RWAs	(73)	(20,724)
Standardized Capital Rules [Member] | Equity Investments [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Change in Credit RWAs	4,196	131
Standardized Capital Rules [Member] | Other [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Change in Credit RWAs	(4,095)	(8,589)
Standardized Capital Rules [Member] | Regulatory VaR [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Change in Market RWAs	(2,250)	1,762
Standardized Capital Rules [Member] | Stressed VaR [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Change in Market RWAs	737	(7,887)
Standardized Capital Rules [Member] | Incremental Risk [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Change in Market RWAs	(1,638)	(7,437)
Standardized Capital Rules [Member] | Comprehensive Risk [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Change in Market RWAs	(387)	(4,130)
Standardized Capital Rules [Member] | Specific Risk [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Change in Market RWAs	(15,188)	(24,840)
Basel III Advanced Transitional [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Risk-Weighted Assets, Beginning balance	577,651	570,313
Change in deductions due to transitional provisions	(531)	(1,073)
Change in Credit RWAs	6,005	16,138
Change in Market RWAs	(18,506)	(41,900)
Change in operational risk	(15,500)	33,100
Change in Operational RWAs	(15,500)	33,100
Risk-Weighted Assets, end of period	549,650	577,651
Basel III Advanced Transitional [Member] | Derivatives [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Change in Credit RWAs	(8,575)	(8,830)
Basel III Advanced Transitional [Member] | Commitments Guarantees and Loans [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Change in Credit RWAs	8,269	19,314
Basel III Advanced Transitional [Member] | Securities Financing Transactions [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Change in Credit RWAs	(228)	(717)
Basel III Advanced Transitional [Member] | Equity Investments [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Change in Credit RWAs	4,440	934
Basel III Advanced Transitional [Member] | Other [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Change in Credit RWAs	2,630	6,510
Basel III Advanced Transitional [Member] | Regulatory VaR [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Change in Market RWAs	(2,250)	1,762
Basel III Advanced Transitional [Member] | Stressed VaR [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Change in Market RWAs	737	(7,887)
Basel III Advanced Transitional [Member] | Incremental Risk [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Change in Market RWAs	(1,638)	(7,437)
Basel III Advanced Transitional [Member] | Comprehensive Risk [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Change in Market RWAs	(167)	(3,433)
Basel III Advanced Transitional [Member] | Specific Risk [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Change in Market RWAs	$ (15,188)	$ (24,905)

XML

Regulation and Capital Adequacy - Schedule of Minimum Ratios and Well Capitalized Minimum Ratios (Detail)	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Minimum CET1 ratio applicable to advanced approach banking institutions	5.875%	4.50%
Well-capitalized minimum total capital ratio	10.00%
GS Bank USA [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Minimum CET1 ratio applicable to advanced approach banking institutions	5.125%	4.50%
Minimum Tier 1 capital ratio applicable to advanced approach banking institutions	6.625%	6.00%
Minimum Total capital ratio applicable to advanced approach banking institutions	8.625%	8.00%
Minimum Tier 1 leverage ratio applicable to advanced approach banking institutions	4.00%	4.00%
Well-capitalized minimum CET1 ratio	6.50%
Well-capitalized minimum Tier 1 capital ratio	8.00%
Well-capitalized minimum total capital ratio	10.00%
Well-capitalized minimum Tier 1 leverage ratio	5.00%

XML

Regulation and Capital Adequacy - Capital Ratios (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Tier 1 leverage ratio	9.40%	9.30%
Standardized Capital Rules [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Common Equity Tier 1	$ 72,046	$ 71,363	$ 69,830
Tier 1 capital	82,440	81,511	78,433
Allowance for losses on loans and lending commitments	722	602
Tier 2 capital	16,074	16,705	12,861
Total capital	98,514	98,216
Risk-weighted assets	$ 496,676	$ 524,107	619,216
CET1 ratio	14.50%	13.60%
Tier 1 capital ratio	16.60%	15.60%
Total capital ratio	19.80%	18.70%
Basel III Advanced Transitional [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Common Equity Tier 1	$ 72,046	$ 71,363	69,830
Tier 1 capital	82,440	81,511	78,433
Standardized Tier 2 capital	16,074	16,705
Allowance for losses on loans and lending commitments	(722)	(602)
Tier 2 capital	15,352	16,103	12,545
Total capital	97,792	97,614
Risk-weighted assets	$ 549,650	$ 577,651	$ 570,313
CET1 ratio	13.10%	12.40%
Tier 1 capital ratio	15.00%	14.10%
Total capital ratio	17.80%	16.90%
GS Bank USA [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Tier 1 leverage ratio	14.40%	16.40%
GS Bank USA [Member] | Standardized Capital Rules [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Common Equity Tier 1	$ 24,485	$ 23,017
Tier 1 capital	24,485	23,017
Tier 2 capital	2,382	2,311
Total capital	26,867	25,328
Risk-weighted assets	$ 204,232	$ 202,197
CET1 ratio	12.00%	11.40%
Tier 1 capital ratio	12.00%	11.40%
Total capital ratio	13.20%	12.50%
GS Bank USA [Member] | Basel III Advanced Transitional [Member]
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Common Equity Tier 1	$ 24,485	$ 23,017
Tier 1 capital	24,485	23,017
Standardized Tier 2 capital	2,382	2,311
Allowance for losses on loans and lending commitments	(382)	(311)
Tier 2 capital	2,000	2,000
Total capital	26,485	25,017
Risk-weighted assets	$ 131,051	$ 131,059
CET1 ratio	18.70%	17.60%
Tier 1 capital ratio	18.70%	17.60%
Total capital ratio	20.20%	19.10%

XML

Earnings Per Common Share - Earnings Per Common Share (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net earnings applicable to common shareholders	$ 7,087	$ 5,568	$ 8,077
Weighted average number of basic shares	427.4	448.9	458.9
Effect of dilutive securities:
RSUs	4.7	5.3	6.1
Stock options	3.0	4.4	8.2
Dilutive securities	7.7	9.7	14.3
Weighted average number of basic shares and dilutive securities	435.1	458.6	473.2
Basic EPS	$ 16.53	$ 12.35	$ 17.55
Diluted EPS	$ 16.29	$ 12.14	$ 17.07

XML

Earnings Per Common Share - Additional Information (Detail) - $ / shares shares in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Reduction per common share due to impact of applying the amended principles to basic earnings per common share	$ 0.05	$ 0.05	$ 0.05
Number of antidilutive RSUs and common shares underlying antidilutive stock options	2.8	6.0	6.0

XML

Transactions with Affiliated Funds - Fees Earned from Affiliated Funds (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Transactions With Affiliated Funds [Abstract]
Fees earned from funds	$ 2,777	$ 3,293	$ 3,232

XML

Transactions with Affiliated Funds - Fees Receivable from Affiliated Funds and the Aggregate Carrying Value of the Firm's Interests in these Funds (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Transactions With Affiliated Funds [Abstract]
Fees receivable from funds	$ 554	$ 599
Aggregate carrying value of interests in funds	$ 6,841	$ 7,768

XML

Transactions with Affiliated Funds - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Transactions With Affiliated Funds [Abstract]
Management fees waived	$ 104
Outstanding guarantees on behalf of certain nonconsolidated investment funds	$ 300	$ 300

XML

Interest Income and Interest Expense - Interest Income and Interest Expense (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Interest income
Deposits with banks	$ 452	$ 241	$ 227
Securities borrowed, securities purchased under agreements to resell and federal funds sold	691	17	(78)
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	5,444	5,862	7,537
Loans receivable	1,843	1,191	708
Other interest	1,261	1,141	1,210
Total interest income	9,691	8,452	9,604
Interest expense
Deposits	878	408	333
Securities loaned and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	442	330	431
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	1,251	1,319	1,741
Short-term secured and unsecured borrowings	446	429	447
Long-term secured and unsecured borrowings	4,242	3,878	3,460
Other interest	(155)	(976)	(855)
Total interest expense	7,104	5,388	5,557
Net interest income	$ 2,587	$ 3,064	$ 4,047

XML

Income Taxes - Provision for Taxes (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Current taxes
U.S. federal	$ 1,032	$ 1,116	$ 1,908
State and local	139	(12)	576
Non-U.S.	1,184	1,166	901
Total current tax expense	2,355	2,270	3,385
Deferred taxes
U.S. federal	399	397	190
State and local	51	62	38
Non-U.S.	101	(34)	267
Total deferred tax expense	551	425	495
Provision for taxes	$ 2,906	$ 2,695	$ 3,880

XML

Income Taxes - Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Percent [Abstract]
U.S. federal statutory income tax rate	35.00%	35.00%	35.00%
State and local taxes, net of U.S. federal income tax effects	0.90%	0.30%	3.20%
Tax credits	(2.00%)	(1.70%)	(1.10%)
Non-U.S. operations	(6.70%)	(12.10%)	(5.80%)
Tax-exempt income, including dividends	(0.30%)	(0.70%)	(0.30%)
Non-deductible legal expenses	1.00%	10.20%
Other	0.30%	(0.30%)	0.40%
Effective income tax rate	28.20%	30.70%	31.40%

XML

Income Taxes - Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Abstract]
Compensation and benefits	$ 2,461	$ 2,744
ASC 740 asset related to unrecognized tax benefits	231	197	$ 172
Non-U.S. operations	967	1,200
Net operating losses	427	426
Occupancy-related	100	80
Other comprehensive income-related	757	521
Other, net	394	836
Subtotal	5,337	6,004
Valuation allowance	(115)	(73)
Total deferred tax assets	5,222	5,931
Depreciation and amortization	1,200	1,254
Unrealized gains	342	853
Total deferred tax liabilities	$ 1,542	$ 2,107

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Income Taxes - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Deferred Tax Assets, Operating Loss Carryforwards	$ 427,000,000	$ 426,000,000
Operating Loss Carryforwards, Valuation Allowance	67,000,000	24,000,000
Operating Loss Carryforwards, U. S. Federal	207,000,000
Operating Loss Carryforwards, State and Local	$ 800,000,000
Operating Loss Carryforwards, Expiration Dates, U. S. Federal	2017
Operating Loss Carryforwards, Expiration Dates, State and Local	2017
Operating Loss Carryforwards, Foreign	$ 1,390,000,000
Tax Credit Carryforward, Amount, Foreign	0	0
Deferred Tax Assets, Tax Credit Carryforwards, Foreign	0	0
Capital Loss Carryforward Amount	0	0
Deferred Tax Assets, Capital Loss Carryforward	0	0
Valuation Allowance, Deferred Tax Asset, Change in Amount	42,000,000	9,000,000
Deferred Tax Liability not recognized, Foreign Earnings	6,180,000,000	5,660,000,000
Reinvested Earnings	31,240,000,000	28,550,000,000
Income Tax Examination, Penalties and Interest Accrued	141,000,000	101,000,000
Income Tax Examination, Penalties and Interest Expense	$ 27,000,000	$ 17,000,000	$ 45,000,000

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Income Taxes - Rollforward of Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of year	$ 825	$ 871	$ 1,765
Increases based on tax positions related to the current year	113	65	204
Increases based on tax positions related to prior years	188	158	263
Decreases based on tax positions related to prior years	(88)	(205)	(241)
Decreases related to settlements	(186)	(87)	(1,112)
Exchange rate fluctuations		23	(8)
Balance, end of year	852	825	871
Related deferred income tax asset	231	197	172
Net unrecognized tax benefit	$ 621	$ 628	$ 699

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Income Taxes - Earliest Tax Years Subject to Examination by Major Jurisdiction (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
U.S. Federal [Member]
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]
Open tax years by major tax jurisdiction	2011
New York State and City [Member]
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]
Open tax years by major tax jurisdiction	2007
United Kingdom [Member] | Foreign Tax Authority [Member]
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]
Open tax years by major tax jurisdiction	2014
Japan [Member] | Foreign Tax Authority [Member]
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]
Open tax years by major tax jurisdiction	2014
Hong Kong [Member] | Foreign Tax Authority [Member]
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]
Open tax years by major tax jurisdiction	2007

XML

Business Segments - Segment Operating Results (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues	$ 30,608	$ 33,820	$ 34,528
Operating expenses	20,304	25,042	22,171
Pre-tax earnings	10,304	8,778	12,357
Total assets	860,165	861,395	855,842
Investment Banking - Financial Advisory [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues	2,932	3,470	2,474
Investment Banking - Equity Underwriting [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues	891	1,546	1,750
Investment Banking - Debt Underwriting [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues	2,450	2,011	2,240
Investment Banking - Underwriting [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues	3,341	3,557	3,990
Investment Banking [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues	6,273	7,027	6,464
Operating expenses	3,437	3,713	3,688
Pre-tax earnings	2,836	3,314	2,776
Total assets	1,824	2,564	1,844
Institutional Client Services - Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Client Execution [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues	7,556	7,322	8,461
Institutional Client Services - Equities Client Execution [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues	2,194	3,028	2,079
Institutional Client Services - Commissions and Fees [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues	3,078	3,156	3,153
Institutional Client Services - Securities Services [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues	1,639	1,645	1,504
Institutional Client Services - Equities [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues	6,911	7,829	6,736
Institutional Client Services [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues	14,467	15,151	15,197
Operating expenses	9,713	13,938	10,880
Pre-tax earnings	4,754	1,213	4,317
Total assets	645,689	663,394	695,674
Investing and Lending - Equity Securities [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues	2,573	3,781	4,579
Investing and Lending - Debt Securities and Loans [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues	1,507	1,655	2,246
Investing and Lending [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues	4,080	5,436	6,825
Operating expenses	2,386	2,402	2,819
Pre-tax earnings	1,694	3,034	4,006
Total assets	198,181	179,428	143,790
Investment Management - Management and Other Fees [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues	4,798	4,887	4,800
Investment Management - Incentive Fees [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues	421	780	776
Investment Management - Transaction Revenues [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues	569	539	466
Investment Management [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues	5,788	6,206	6,042
Operating expenses	4,654	4,841	4,647
Pre-tax earnings	1,134	1,365	1,395
Total assets	$ 14,471	$ 16,009	$ 14,534

XML

Business Segments - Segment Operating Results (Parenthetical) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Charitable contributions included in operating expenses	$ 114	$ 148	$ 137
Net provisions for litigations and regulatory proceedings	$ 396	4,010	$ 754
Residential Mortgage Backed Securities Working Group [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net provisions for litigations and regulatory proceedings		$ 3,370

XML

Business Segments - Net Interest Income (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total net interest income	$ 2,587	$ 3,064	$ 4,047
Investment Banking [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total net interest income	0	0	0
Institutional Client Services [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total net interest income	1,456	2,472	3,679
Investing and Lending [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total net interest income	880	418	237
Investment Management [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total net interest income	$ 251	$ 174	$ 131

XML

Business Segments - Depreciation and Amortization (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	$ 998	$ 991	$ 1,337
Investment Banking [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	126	123	135
Institutional Client Services [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	489	462	525
Investing and Lending [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	215	253	530
Investment Management [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	$ 168	$ 153	$ 147

XML

Business Segments - Net Revenues, Pre-Tax Earnings and Net Earnings for Each Geographic Region (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues	$ 30,608	$ 33,820	$ 34,528
Pre-tax earnings	10,304	8,778	12,357
Pre-tax earnings - subtotal	10,418	8,926	12,494
Net earnings	7,398	6,083	8,477
Net earnings - subtotal	$ 7,477	$ 6,187	$ 8,568
Percentage of total net revenues	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Percentage of total pre-tax earnings - subtotal	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Percentage of total net earnings - subtotal	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Americas [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues	$ 18,144	$ 19,202	$ 20,062
Pre-tax earnings	6,352	3,359	7,144
Net earnings	$ 4,337	$ 1,587	$ 4,558
Percentage of total net revenues	60.00%	56.00%	58.00%
Percentage of total pre-tax earnings - subtotal	61.00%	37.00%	57.00%
Percentage of total net earnings - subtotal	58.00%	26.00%	53.00%
Europe, Middle East and Africa [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues	$ 8,040	$ 8,981	$ 9,057
Pre-tax earnings	2,883	3,364	3,338
Net earnings	$ 2,270	$ 2,914	$ 2,576
Percentage of total net revenues	26.00%	27.00%	26.00%
Percentage of total pre-tax earnings - subtotal	28.00%	38.00%	27.00%
Percentage of total net earnings - subtotal	30.00%	47.00%	30.00%
Asia [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues	$ 4,424	$ 5,637	$ 5,409
Pre-tax earnings	1,183	2,203	2,012
Net earnings	$ 870	$ 1,686	$ 1,434
Percentage of total net revenues	14.00%	17.00%	16.00%
Percentage of total pre-tax earnings - subtotal	11.00%	25.00%	16.00%
Percentage of total net earnings - subtotal	12.00%	27.00%	17.00%
Corporate [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Pre-tax earnings	$ (114)	$ (148)	$ (137)
Net earnings	$ (79)	$ (104)	$ (91)

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Business Segments - Net Revenues, Pre-Tax Earnings and Net Earnings for Each Geographic Region (Parenthetical) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net provisions for litigations and regulatory proceedings	$ 396	$ 4,010	$ 754
Residential Mortgage Backed Securities Working Group [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net provisions for litigations and regulatory proceedings		$ 3,370

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Credit Concentrations - Credit Concentration, Government and Federal Agency Obligations (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
U.S. Government And Federal Agency Obligations Held By The Firm [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk, Credit risk, Financial instrument, Maximum exposure	$ 57,657	$ 63,844
Concentration risk, Credit risk, Financial instrument, Maximum exposure, As a percentage of total Assets	6.70%	7.40%
Non-U.S. Government and Agency Obligations Held By The Firm [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk, Credit risk, Financial instrument, Maximum exposure	$ 29,381	$ 31,772
Concentration risk, Credit risk, Financial instrument, Maximum exposure, As a percentage of total Assets	3.40%	3.70%

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Credit Concentrations - Credit Concentration, Resale Agreements and Securities Borrowed (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
U.S. Government and Federal Agency Obligations that Collateralize Securities Purchased Under Agreements to Resell and Securities Borrowed [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk, Credit risk, Financial instrument, Maximum exposure	$ 89,721	$ 107,198
Non-U.S. Government and Agency Obligations that Collateralize Securities Purchased Under Agreements to Resell and Securities Borrowed [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk, Credit risk, Financial instrument, Maximum exposure	$ 80,234	$ 74,326

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Legal Proceedings - Additional Information (Detail) - 12 months ended Dec. 31, 2016 CAD in Millions, $ in Millions	USD ($) shares	CAD
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Estimated aggregate amount of reasonably possible losses for legal proceedings	$ 1,800
Mortgage Related Matters [Member]
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Mortgage-Related Matters. Disgorgement and civil penalty amount related to settlement of SEC action	550
Mortgage-Related Matters. Approximate amount of aggregate notional amount of mortgage-related securities sold to plaintiffs in active cases brought against the firm where plaintiffs are seeking rescission of such securities	261
Mortgage-Related Matters. Face amount of securitizations claimed for repurchase	11,100
GT Advanced Technologies Securities Litigation [Member] | Common Stock Offering [Member]
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Aggregate value of offering	$ 86
Number of shares underwritten by GS&Co. in connection with the offering | shares	3,479,769
GT Advanced Technologies Securities Litigation [Member] | Convertible Senior Notes [Member]
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Principal amount of convertible senior notes	$ 214
Approximate principal amount of notes underwritten by GS&Co.	75
GT Advanced Technologies Securities Litigation [Member] | Convertible Senior Notes And Common Stock Offering [Member]
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Aggregate value underwritten by GS&Co.	105
Cobalt International Energy Securities Litigation [Member] | February 2012 Common Stock Offering [Member]
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Aggregate value of offering	$ 1,670
Number of shares underwritten by GS&Co. in connection with the offering | shares	14,430,000
Aggregate value underwritten by GS&Co.	$ 465
Cobalt International Energy Securities Litigation [Member] | December 2012 Convertible Notes Offering [Member]
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Aggregate value of offering	1,380
Approximate principal amount of notes underwritten by GS&Co.	690
Cobalt International Energy Securities Litigation [Member] | January 2013 Common Stock Offering [Member]
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Aggregate value of offering	1,000
Cobalt International Energy Securities Litigation [Member] | May 2013 Common Stock Offering [Member]
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Aggregate value of offering	1,330
Cobalt International Energy Securities Litigation [Member] | May 2014 Convertible Notes Offering [Member]
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Aggregate value of offering	1,300
Approximate principal amount of notes underwritten by GS&Co.	508
Cobalt International Energy Securities Litigation [Member] | February 2012, December 2012 and May 2014 Offerings [Member]
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Aggregate value underwritten by GS&Co.	1,660
Currencies - Related Litigation - Superior Court of Justice in Ontario, Canada [Member]
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Compensatory damages sought | CAD		CAD 1,000
Currencies - Related Litigation - Superior Court of Quebec, Canada [Member]
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Compensatory damages sought | CAD		100
Currencies - Related Litigation - Superior Court of Justice in Ontario, Canada And Superior Court of Quebec, Canada [Member]
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Punitive, exemplary and aggravated damages sought | CAD		CAD 50
TerraForm Global Securities Litigation [Member] | Common Stock Offering [Member]
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Aggregate value of offering	$ 675
Number of shares underwritten by GS&Co. in connection with the offering | shares	2,340,000
Aggregate value underwritten by GS&Co.	$ 35
TerraForm Global Securities Litigation [Member] | Class D Units [Member]
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Aggregate value of offering	335
Aggregate value underwritten by GS&Co.	$ 155
Number of units sold by TerraForm to the individual plaintiffs | shares	154,800
TerraForm Global Securities Litigation [Member] | Senior Notes Offering [Member]
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount of notes	$ 810
Approximate principal amount of notes sold by GS&Co.	49
SunEdison Securities Litigation [Member] | Convertible Preferred Stock Offering [Member]
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Aggregate value of offering	$ 650
Number of shares underwritten by GS&Co. in connection with the offering | shares	138,890
Aggregate value underwritten by GS&Co.	$ 139
SunEdison Bankruptcy Litigation [Member]
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Aggregate pre-filing payments received by GS Bank USA that are subject to recoupment claims	169
Amount of secured debt held by GS Bank USA that is subject to avoidance and disallowance claims	75
Adeptus Health Securities Litigation [Member] | June 2014 initial public offering [Member]
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Aggregate value of offering	$ 124
Number of shares underwritten by GS&Co. in connection with the offering | shares	1,690,000
Aggregate value underwritten by GS&Co.	$ 37
Adeptus Health Securities Litigation [Member] | May 2015 Secondary Equity Offering [Member]
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Aggregate value of offering	$ 154
Number of shares underwritten by GS&Co. in connection with the offering | shares	962,378
Aggregate value underwritten by GS&Co.	$ 61
Adeptus Health Securities Litigation [Member] | July 2015 secondary equity offering [Member]
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Aggregate value of offering	$ 411
Number of shares underwritten by GS&Co. in connection with the offering | shares	1,760,000
Aggregate value underwritten by GS&Co.	$ 184
Adeptus Health Securities Litigation [Member] | June 2016 secondary equity offering [Member]
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Aggregate value of offering	175
Aggregate value underwritten by GS&Co.	175
Valeant Pharmaceuticals International Securities Litigation [Member] | June 2013 Public Offering [Member]
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Aggregate value of offering	$ 2,300
Number of shares underwritten by GS&Co. and GS Canada in connection with the offering | shares	27,058,824
Aggregate value underwritten by GS&Co. and GS Canada	$ 2,300
Valeant Pharmaceuticals International Securities Litigation [Member] | June 2013 Senior Notes Offering [Member]
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount of notes	3,200
Approximate principal amount of notes sold by GS&Co. and GS Canada	1,300
Valeant Pharmaceuticals International Securities Litigation [Member] | November 2013 Senior Notes Offering [Member]
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount of notes	900
Approximate principal amount of notes sold by GS&Co. and GS Canada	$ 293

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Employee Benefit Plans - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Compensation and Retirement Disclosure [Abstract]
Defined benefit plan amounts recognized in other assets	$ 72	$ 329
Defined benefit plan amounts recognized in other liabilities and accrued expenses	592	561
Contribution to employer-sponsored U.S. and non-U.S. defined contribution plans	$ 236	$ 231	$ 223

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Employee Incentive Plans - Additional Information (Detail) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($) shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Restricted stock units granted subsequent to year end	8.4
Unvested restricted stock units granted subsequent to year end	3.2
Unrecognized compensation costs related to nonvested share-based compensation arrangements | $	$ 381
Period over which unrecognized compensation costs related to nonvested share-based compensation arrangements will be recognized	1 year 6 months
2015 SIP [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares available for grant under the 2015 SIP	73.0

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Employee Incentive Plans - Schedule of Restricted Stock Units, Vested and Expected to Vest (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016 $ / shares shares
Future Service Required [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Beginning balance of restricted stock units outstanding | shares	5,649,156
Restricted stock units granted | shares	4,452,358
Restricted stock units forfeited | shares	(501,094)
Restricted stock units vested | shares	(3,977,181)
Ending balance of restricted stock units outstanding | shares	5,623,239
Beginning balance of restricted stock units outstanding, Weighted average grant-date fair value | $ / shares	$ 159.82
Restricted stock units granted, Weighted average grant-date fair value | $ / shares	138.48
Restricted stock units forfeited, Weighted average grant-date fair value | $ / shares	153.98
Restricted stock units vested, Weighted average grant-date fair value | $ / shares	154.44
Ending balance of restricted stock units outstanding, Weighted average grant-date fair value | $ / shares	$ 147.25
No Future Service Required [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Beginning balance of restricted stock units outstanding | shares	22,082,601
Restricted stock units granted | shares	11,071,140
Restricted stock units forfeited | shares	(387,417)
Restricted stock units delivered | shares	(14,541,074)
Restricted stock units vested | shares	3,977,181
Ending balance of restricted stock units outstanding | shares	22,202,431
Beginning balance of restricted stock units outstanding, Weighted average grant-date fair value | $ / shares	$ 148.00
Restricted stock units granted, Weighted average grant-date fair value | $ / shares	134.90
Restricted stock units forfeited, Weighted average grant-date fair value | $ / shares	149.60
Restricted stock units delivered, Weighted average grant-date fair value | $ / shares	142.85
Restricted stock units vested, Weighted average grant-date fair value | $ / shares	154.44
Ending balance of restricted stock units outstanding, Weighted average grant-date fair value | $ / shares	$ 145.97

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Employee Incentive Plans - Schedule of Restricted Stock Units, Vested and Expected to Vest (Parenthetical) (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]
Restricted stock units granted, Weighted average grant-date fair value	$ 135.92	$ 160.19	$ 151.40
Share-based Compensation, Liquidity discount RSUs	10.50%	9.20%	13.80%
Restricted stock units, post-vesting transfer restrictions period	4 years
Share-based compensation arrangement by Share-based payment award, Equity instruments other than options, Vested in period, Total fair value	$ 2,260	$ 2,400	$ 2,390
Restricted stock subject to future service	39,957	6,354

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Employee Incentive Plans - Schedule of Stock Options Activity (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]
Beginning Balance of Options Outstanding	14,756,275
Stock options exercised	(6,795,087)
Ending Balance of Options Outstanding	7,961,188	14,756,275
Stock options exercisable	7,961,188
Beginning balance of stock options outstanding, Weighted average exercise price	$ 128.79
Stock options exercised, Weighted average exercise price	135.16
Ending balance of stock options outstanding, Weighted average exercise price	123.36	$ 128.79
Stock options exercisable, Weighted average exercise price	$ 123.36
Beginning balance of stock options outstanding, Aggregate intrinsic value	$ 891
Ending balance of stock options outstanding, Aggregate intrinsic value	924	$ 891
Stock options exercisable, Aggregate intrinsic value	$ 924
Ending balance of stock options outstanding, Weighted average remaining life	1 year 7 months 10 days	2 years 4 months 17 days
Stock options exercisable, Weighted average remaining life	1 year 7 months 10 days

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Employee Incentive Plans - Schedule of Stock Options Activity (Parenthetical) (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total intrinsic value of options exercised	$ 436	$ 531	$ 2,030
Options Outstanding	7,961,188	14,756,275
Option One [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Options Outstanding	5,130,000
Stock options outstanding, exercise price	$ 78.78
Stock options outstanding, remaining life	2 years
Option Two [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Options Outstanding	2,830,000
Stock options outstanding, exercise price	$ 204.16
Stock options outstanding, remaining life	11 months 1 day

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Employee Incentive Plans - Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Tax Benefit from Compensation Expense (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]
Share-based compensation	$ 2,170	$ 2,304	$ 2,101
Excess net tax benefit for options exercised	79	134	549
Excess net tax benefit for other share-based award	$ 147	$ 406	$ 788

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Parent Company - Group Statement of Earnings (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Revenues
Total non-interest revenues	$ 28,021	$ 30,756	$ 30,481
Interest income	9,691	8,452	9,604
Interest expense	7,104	5,388	5,557
Net interest loss	2,587	3,064	4,047
Net revenues, including net interest loss	30,608	33,820	34,528
Operating expenses
Compensation and benefits	11,647	12,678	12,691
Other expenses	2,168	5,699	2,585
Total operating expenses	20,304	25,042	22,171
Pre-tax earnings	10,304	8,778	12,357
Provision/(benefit) for taxes	2,906	2,695	3,880
Net earnings	7,398	6,083	8,477
Preferred stock dividends	311	515	400
Net earnings applicable to common shareholders	7,087	5,568	8,077
Group Inc. [Member]
Revenues
Dividends from bank subsidiaries	53	32	16
Dividends from nonbank subsidiaries	5,465	3,181	2,739
Other revenues	155	(132)	826
Total non-interest revenues	5,673	3,081	3,581
Interest income	4,140	3,519	3,769
Interest expense	4,543	4,165	3,802
Net interest loss	(403)	(646)	(33)
Net revenues, including net interest loss	5,270	2,435	3,548
Operating expenses
Compensation and benefits	343	498	411
Other expenses	332	188	282
Total operating expenses	675	686	693
Pre-tax earnings	4,595	1,749	2,855
Provision/(benefit) for taxes	(518)	(828)	(292)
Undistributed earnings of subsidiaries	2,285	3,506	5,330
Net earnings	7,398	6,083	8,477
Preferred stock dividends	311	515	400
Net earnings applicable to common shareholders	$ 7,087	$ 5,568	$ 8,077

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Parent Company - Group Statement of Earnings (Parenthetical) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Condensed Financial Information of Parent Company Only Disclosure [Abstract]
Cash dividends from nonbank subsidiaries	$ 3,460	$ 2,290	$ 2,620

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Parent Company - Group Statement of Financial Condition (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Investments in subsidiaries and other affiliates:
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	$ 295,952	$ 313,502
Other assets	25,481	25,218
Total assets	860,165	861,395	$ 855,842
Liabilities and shareholders' equity
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	117,143	115,248
Unsecured long-term borrowings:
Other liabilities and accrued expenses	14,362	18,893
Total liabilities	773,272	774,667
Commitments, contingencies and guarantees
Shareholders' equity
Preferred stock	11,203	11,200
Common stock	9	9
Share-based awards	3,914	4,151
Additional paid-in capital	52,638	51,340
Retained earnings	89,039	83,386
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(1,216)	(718)
Stock held in treasury, at cost	(68,694)	(62,640)
Total shareholders' equity	86,893	86,728	$ 82,797
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	860,165	861,395
Group Inc. [Member]
Cash and cash equivalents:
With third party banks	81	36
With subsidiary bank	3,000	1,300
Loans to and receivables from subsidiaries:
Bank subsidiaries	9,131	9,494
Nonbank subsidiaries	179,899	179,826
Investments in subsidiaries and other affiliates:
Bank subsidiaries	25,571	23,985
Nonbank subsidiaries and other affiliates	67,203	61,533
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	4,524	4,410
Other assets	6,273	7,472
Total assets	295,682	288,056
Liabilities and shareholders' equity
Payables to subsidiaries	875	591
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	775	443
Unsecured short-term borrowings:
With third parties (includes $3,256 as of December 2016 and $4,924 as of December 2015, at fair value)	27,159	29,547
With subsidiaries	999	628
Unsecured long-term borrowings:
With third parties (includes $17,591 as of December 2016 and $16,194 as of December 2015, at fair value)	172,164	164,718
With subsidiaries	5,233	3,854
Other liabilities and accrued expenses	1,584	1,547
Total liabilities	208,789	201,328
Commitments, contingencies and guarantees
Shareholders' equity
Preferred stock	11,203	11,200
Common stock	9	9
Share-based awards	3,914	4,151
Additional paid-in capital	52,638	51,340
Retained earnings	89,039	83,386
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(1,216)	(718)
Stock held in treasury, at cost	(68,694)	(62,640)
Total shareholders' equity	86,893	86,728
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$ 295,682	$ 288,056

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Parent Company - Group Statement of Financial Condition (Parenthetical) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Condensed Balance Sheet Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Unsecured short-term borrowings, including the current portion of unsecured long-term borrowings, at fair value	$ 14,792	$ 17,743
Group Inc. [Member]
Condensed Balance Sheet Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Unsecured short-term borrowings, including the current portion of unsecured long-term borrowings, at fair value	3,256	4,924
Unsecured long-term borrowings at fair value	17,591	$ 16,194
2018	3,830
2019	90
2020	100
2021	132
2022-thereafter	$ 1,080

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Parent Company - Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Cash flows from operating activities
Net earnings	$ 7,398	$ 6,083	$ 8,477
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	998	991	1,337
Deferred income taxes	551	425	495
Share-based compensation	2,111	2,272	2,085
Loss/(gain) related to extinguishment of junior subordinated debt	3	(34)	(289)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	15,253	16,078	25,881
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	1,960	(16,835)	4,642
Other, net	(6,969)	(5,417)	(10,095)
Net cash provided by/(used for) operating activities	5,570	7,870	(7,932)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of property, leasehold improvements and equipment	(2,876)	(1,833)	(678)
Net cash provided by/(used for) investing activities	9,270	(18,574)	(14,909)
Cash flows from financing activities
Common stock repurchased	(6,078)	(4,135)	(5,469)
Dividends and dividend equivalents paid on common stock, preferred stock and share-based awards	(1,706)	(1,681)	(1,454)
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock, net of issuance costs	1,303	1,993	1,980
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, including exercise of share-based awards	6	259	123
Excess tax benefit related to share-based awards	202	407	782
Cash settlement of share-based awards		(2)	(1)
Net cash provided by/(used for) financing activities	13,432	29,118	18,999
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	28,272	18,414	(3,842)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning balance	93,439	75,025	78,867
Cash and cash equivalents, ending balance	121,711	93,439	75,025
Group Inc. [Member]
Cash flows from operating activities
Net earnings	7,398	6,083	8,477
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities
Undistributed earnings of subsidiaries	(2,285)	(3,506)	(5,330)
Depreciation and amortization	52	50	42
Deferred income taxes	134	86	(4)
Share-based compensation	193	178	188
Loss/(gain) related to extinguishment of junior subordinated debt	3	(34)	(289)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Financial instruments owned, at fair value	(1,580)	(620)	6,766
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value	332	274	(252)
Other, net	(993)	(56)	(5,793)
Net cash provided by/(used for) operating activities	3,254	2,455	3,805
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of property, leasehold improvements and equipment	(79)	(33)	(15)
Issuances of short-term loans to subsidiaries, net	(3,994)	(24,417)	(4,099)
Issuance of term loans to subsidiaries	(28,498)	(8,632)	(8,803)
Repayments of term loans by subsidiaries	32,265	24,196	3,979
Capital distributions from/(contributions to) subsidiaries, net	(3,265)	(1,500)	865
Net cash provided by/(used for) investing activities	(3,571)	(10,386)	(8,073)
Cash flows from financing activities
Unsecured short-term borrowings, net	2,112	(2,684)	963
Proceeds from issuance of long-term borrowings	40,708	42,795	37,101
Repayment of long-term borrowings, including the current portion	(33,314)	(27,726)	(27,931)
Purchase of APEX, trust preferred securities and senior guaranteed trust securities	(1,171)	(1)	(1,801)
Common stock repurchased	(6,078)	(4,135)	(5,469)
Dividends and dividend equivalents paid on common stock, preferred stock and share-based awards	(1,706)	(1,681)	(1,454)
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock, net of issuance costs	1,303	1,993	1,980
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, including exercise of share-based awards	6	259	123
Excess tax benefit related to share-based awards	202	407	782
Cash settlement of share-based awards		(2)	(1)
Net cash provided by/(used for) financing activities	2,062	9,225	4,293
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	1,745	1,294	25
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning balance	1,336	42	17
Cash and cash equivalents, ending balance	$ 3,081	$ 1,336	$ 42

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Parent Company - Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Parenthetical) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES:
Cash payments for interest, net of capitalized interest	$ 7,140	$ 4,820	$ 6,430
Cash payments for income taxes, net of refunds	1,060	2,650	3,050
Group Inc. [Member]
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES:
Cash payments for interest, net of capitalized interest	4,720	3,540	4,310
Cash payments for income taxes, net of refunds	$ 61	$ 1,280	$ 2,350

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Parent Company - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Parent Company Only Financial Information [Line Items]
APEX exchanged, fair value	$ 1,040
Series E and Series F Preferred Stock cancelled, net carrying value	1,310
Trust Securities, senior guaranteed trust securities exchanged with the firm's junior subordinated debt	127
Firm's Junior subordinated debt exchanged with senior guaranteed trust securities	124
Trust Preferred Securities and common beneficial interests exchanged with the firm's junior subordinated debt		262
Firm's Junior subordinated debt exchanged for Trust Preferred Securities and common beneficial interests		296
Trust Preferred Securities, common beneficial interests and senior guaranteed trust securities exchanged with the firm's junior subordinated debt			1,580
Firm's Junior subordinated debt held by the trusts exchanged for Trust Preferred Securities, common beneficial interests and senior guaranteed trust securities held by the firm			1,870
Group Inc. [Member]
Parent Company Only Financial Information [Line Items]
APEX exchanged, fair value	1,040
Series E and Series F Preferred Stock cancelled, net carrying value	1,310
Trust Securities, senior guaranteed trust securities exchanged with the firm's junior subordinated debt	127
Firm's Junior subordinated debt exchanged with senior guaranteed trust securities	$ 124
Trust Preferred Securities and common beneficial interests exchanged with the firm's junior subordinated debt		262
Firm's Junior subordinated debt exchanged for Trust Preferred Securities and common beneficial interests		296
Financial instruments owned, at fair value, exchanged for loans to and equity in certain subsidiaries		6,120
Loans to certain subsidiaries exchanged for financial instruments owned, at fair value		5,200
Equity in certain subsidiaries exchanged for financial instruments owned, at fair value		$ 918
Trust Preferred Securities, common beneficial interests and senior guaranteed trust securities exchanged with the firm's junior subordinated debt			1,580
Firm's Junior subordinated debt held by the trusts exchanged for Trust Preferred Securities, common beneficial interests and senior guaranteed trust securities held by the firm			$ 1,870