EX-13.2 10 y83718exv13w2.htm EX-13.2 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS EX-13.2 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 

EXHIBIT 13.2

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.:

In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition and the related consolidated statements of earnings, changes in shareholders’ equity, cash flows and comprehensive income present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the Company) at November 29, 2002 and November 30, 2001, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three fiscal years in the period ended November 29, 2002, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management; our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these financial statements in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America, which require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

-s- PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
New York, New York
January 27, 2003

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS

                           
      Year Ended November
     
      2002   2001   2000
     
 
 
      (in millions, except per share amounts)
Revenues
                       
Investment banking
  $ 2,572     $ 3,677     $ 5,339  
Trading and principal investments
    4,063       6,254       6,528  
Asset management and securities services
    4,950       4,587       3,737  
Interest income
    11,269       16,620       17,396  
       
     
     
 
 
Total revenues
    22,854       31,138       33,000  
Interest expense
    8,868       15,327       16,410  
       
     
     
 
 
Revenues, net of interest expense
    13,986       15,811       16,590  
 
Operating expenses
                       
Compensation and benefits
    6,744       7,700       7,773  
Nonrecurring acquisition awards
                290  
Amortization of employee initial public offering and acquisition awards
    293       464       428  
 
Brokerage, clearing and exchange fees
    852       843       573  
Market development
    306       406       506  
Communications and technology
    528       604       435  
Depreciation and amortization
    617       613       441  
Amortization of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets
    127       260       45  
Occupancy
    637       591       440  
Professional services and other
    629       634       639  
       
     
     
 
 
Total non-compensation expenses
    3,696       3,951       3,079  
       
     
     
 
 
Total operating expenses
    10,733       12,115       11,570  
       
     
     
 
Pre-tax earnings
    3,253       3,696       5,020  
Provision for taxes
    1,139       1,386       1,953  
       
     
     
 
Net earnings
  $ 2,114     $ 2,310     $ 3,067  
       
     
     
 
Earnings per share
                       
Basic
  $ 4.27     $ 4.53     $ 6.33  
Diluted
    4.03       4.26       6.00  
Average common shares outstanding
                       
Basic
    495.6       509.7       484.6  
Diluted
    525.1       541.8       511.5  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

                   
      As of November
     
      2002   2001
     
 
      (in millions, except share
      and per share amounts)
Assets
               
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 4,822     $ 6,909  
Cash and securities segregated in compliance with U.S. federal and other regulations
    20,389       22,134  
Receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations
    5,779       5,453  
Receivables from customers and counterparties
    23,159       28,010  
Securities borrowed
    113,579       101,164  
Securities purchased under agreements to resell
    45,772       27,651  
 
Financial instruments owned, at fair value
    123,318       99,654  
Financial instruments owned and pledged as collateral, at fair value
    6,457       9,231  
       
     
 
 
Total financial instruments owned, at fair value
    129,775       108,885  
 
Other assets
    12,299       12,012  
       
     
 
Total assets
  $ 355,574     $ 312,218  
       
     
 
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity
           
Short-term borrowings, including the current portion of long-term borrowings
  $ 40,638     $ 37,597  
Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations
    1,893       4,014  
Payables to customers and counterparties
    93,697       93,283  
Securities loaned
    12,238       6,862  
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
    59,919       39,369  
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value
    83,473       74,717  
Other liabilities and accrued expenses
    6,002       7,129  
Long-term borrowings
    38,711       31,016  
       
     
 
Total liabilities
    336,571       293,987  
 
Commitments and contingencies
 
 
Shareholders’ equity
           
Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share; 150,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding
 
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 4,000,000,000 shares authorized, 515,084,810 and 499,017,511 shares issued as of November 2002 and November 2001, respectively, and 472,940,724 and 476,228,933 shares outstanding as of November 2002 and November 2001, respectively
    5       5  
Restricted stock units
    3,494       4,542  
Nonvoting common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 200,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding
           
Additional paid-in capital
    12,773       11,785  
Retained earnings
    7,259       5,373  
Unearned compensation
    (845 )     (1,220 )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
    (122 )     (168 )
Treasury stock, at cost, par value $0.01 per share; 42,144,086 and 22,788,578 shares as of November 2002 and November 2001, respectively
    (3,561 )     (2,086 )
       
     
 
Total shareholders’ equity
    19,003       18,231  
       
     
 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
  $ 355,574     $ 312,218  
       
     
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

                           
      Year Ended November
     
      2002   2001   2000
     
 
 
      (in millions, except per share amounts)
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share
                       
 
Balance, beginning of year
  $ 5     $ 5     $ 4  
 
Issued
                1  
       
     
     
 
Balance, end of year
    5       5       5  
 
                       
Restricted stock units
                       
 
Balance, beginning of year
    4,542       4,760       4,339  
 
Granted
    498       648       1,150  
 
Delivered
    (1,293 )     (600 )     (507 )
 
Forfeited
    (253 )     (266 )     (222 )
       
     
     
 
Balance, end of year
    3,494       4,542       4,760  
 
                       
Nonvoting common stock, par value $0.01 per share
                       
 
Balance, beginning of year
                 
 
Exchanged
                 
       
     
     
 
Balance, end of year
                 
 
                       
Additional paid-in capital
                       
 
Balance, beginning of year
    11,785       11,127       7,359  
 
Issuance of common stock
    869       535       3,651  
 
Issuance of common stock contributed to a defined contribution plan
                1  
 
Tax benefit related to delivery of equity-based awards
    119       123       116  
       
     
     
 
Balance, end of year
    12,773       11,785       11,127  
 
                       
Retained earnings
                       
 
Balance, beginning of year
    5,373       3,294       444  
 
Net earnings
    2,114       2,310       3,067  
 
Dividends declared
    (228 )     (231 )     (217 )
       
     
     
 
Balance, end of year
    7,259       5,373       3,294  
 
                       
Unearned compensation
                       
 
Balance, beginning of year
    (1,220 )     (1,878 )     (2,038 )
 
Restricted stock units granted
    (387 )     (375 )     (842 )
 
Restricted stock units forfeited
    95       108       163  
 
Amortization of restricted stock units
    667       925       839  
       
     
     
 
Balance, end of year
    (845 )     (1,220 )     (1,878 )
 
                       
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss)/income
                       
 
Balance, beginning of year
    (168 )     (130 )     37  
 
Currency translation adjustment
    46       (38 )     (167 )
       
     
     
 
Balance, end of year
    (122 )     (168 )     (130 )
 
                       
Treasury stock, at cost, par value $0.01 per share
                       
 
Balance, beginning of year
    (2,086 )     (648 )      
 
Shares repurchased
    (1,475 )     (1,438 )     (648 )
       
     
     
 
Balance, end of year
    (3,561 )     (2,086 )     (648 )
       
     
     
 
  $ 19,003     $ 18,231     $ 16,530  
       
     
     

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

                               
          Year Ended November
         
          2002   2001   2000
         
 
 
          (in millions)
Cash flows from operating activities
                       
 
Net earnings
  $ 2,114     $ 2,310     $ 3,067  
 
Noncash items included in net earnings
                       
   
Depreciation and amortization
    617       613       441  
   
Amortization of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets
    127       260       45  
   
Deferred income taxes
    230       52       (352 )
   
Stock-based compensation
    639       789       1,345  
 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
                   
   
Cash and securities segregated in compliance with U.S. federal and other regulations
    1,745     (5,002 )     (5,389 )
   
Net receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations
    (2,423 )     931       336  
   
Net payables to customers and counterparties
    5,265       20,056       14,570  
   
Securities borrowed, net of securities loaned
    (7,039 )     (21,098 )     (916 )
   
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase, net of agreements to resell
    2,429       18,046       (9,528 )
   
Financial instruments owned, at fair value
    (20,977 )     (14,390 )     (8,386 )
   
Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value
    8,756       1,809       5,507  
   
Other, net
    (1,560 )     (1,511 )     867  
           
     
     
     
Net cash (used for)/provided by operating activities
    (10,077 )     2,865       1,607  
 
 
Cash flows from investing activities
                 
   
Property, leasehold improvements and equipment
    (1,008 )     (1,370 )     (1,552 )
   
Business combinations, net of cash acquired
    (68 )     (314 )     (1,988 )
   
Other, net
    (27 )     (225 )     (116 )
           
     
     
     
Net cash used for investing activities
    (1,103 )     (1,909 )     (3,656 )
 
 
Cash flows from financing activities
                     
   
Short-term borrowings, net
    6,354       1,261       (726 )
   
Issuance of long-term borrowings
    12,740       6,694       16,060  
   
Repayment of long-term borrowings, including the current portion of long-term borrowings
    (8,358 )     (4,208 )     (11,606 )
 
Common stock repurchased
    (1,475 )     (1,438 )     (648 )
 
Dividends paid
    (228 )     (231 )     (217 )
 
Proceeds from issuance of common stock
    60       5       1  
           
     
     
     
Net cash provided by financing activities
    9,093       2,083       2,864  
 
   
Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents
    (2,087 )     3,039       815  
 
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year
    6,909       3,870       3,055  
           
     
     
 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year
  $ 4,822     $ 6,909     $ 3,870  
           
     
     

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES:
Cash payments for interest approximated the related expense for each of the fiscal years presented.

Payments of income taxes were $1.22 billion, $1.30 billion and $1.96 billion for the years ended November 2002, November 2001 and November 2000, respectively.

Noncash activities:

The value of common stock issued in connection with business combinations was $47 million, $223 million and $3.41 billion for the years ended November 2002, November 2001 and November 2000, respectively.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
                         
    Year Ended November
   
    2002   2001   2000
   
 
 
    (in millions)
Net earnings
  $ 2,114     $ 2,310     $ 3,067  
Currency translation adjustment, net of tax
    46       (38 )     (167 )
     
     
     
Comprehensive income
  $ 2,160     $ 2,272     $ 2,900  
     
     
     

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1. Description of Business

The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (Group Inc.), a Delaware corporation, together with its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, the firm), is a leading global investment banking, securities and investment management firm that provides a wide range of services worldwide to a substantial and diversified client base that includes corporations, financial institutions, governments and high-net-worth individuals.

The firm’s activities are divided into three segments:

  Investment Banking. This segment comprises Financial Advisory and Underwriting;
 
  Trading and Principal Investments. This segment comprises Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities (FICC), Equities and Principal Investments (Principal Investments primarily represents net revenues from the firm’s merchant banking investments); and
 
  Asset Management and Securities Services. This segment comprises Asset Management, Securities Services and Commissions.

Note 2. Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Group, Inc. and all other entities in which the firm has a controlling financial interest. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

The usual condition for a controlling financial interest in an entity is ownership of a majority of the voting interest. Accordingly, the firm consolidates entities in which it has all, or a majority of, the voting interest. A controlling financial interest can also exist in entities whose activities are predetermined or significantly limited, or whose independent equity investors do not hold an equity investment with substantive risks and rewards. These types of entities are commonly referred to as special-purpose entities (SPEs).

The firm consolidates all SPEs it controls and those in which it holds a majority of the SPE’s substantive risks and rewards. The firm also consolidates all SPEs to which it has transferred assets unless independent investors have made a substantive majority equity investment in legal form or the transferred assets are financial instruments and the SPE is a qualifying SPE as defined in Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishment of Liabilities.” The firm’s financial interests in, and derivative transactions with, non-consolidated SPEs are accounted for at fair value, in the same manner as other financial instruments. As of November 2002, the firm had no material additional financial commitments or guarantees in respect of these entities.

When the firm does not have a controlling financial interest in an entity but exerts significant influence over the entity’s operating and financial policies (generally defined as owning a voting or economic interest of 20% to 50%), the firm accounts for its investment in accordance with the equity method of accounting as prescribed by Accounting Principles Board (APB) Opinion No. 18, “The Equity Method of Accounting for Investments in Common Stock.”

If the firm does not have a controlling financial interest in, or exert significant influence over, the entity, the firm accounts for its investment at fair value.

The firm also has formed numerous non-consolidated private investment funds with third-party investors that are typically organized as limited partnerships. The firm acts as general partner and also holds limited partnership interests in the funds. The firm does not hold a majority of the residual interests in any of the funds. The firm’s investments in these funds are included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value” in the consolidated statements of financial condition. As of September 30, 2002 (the latest investment fund reporting date), the funds’ total assets were approximately $11.85 billion.

The firm’s principal U.S. and international subsidiaries include Goldman, Sachs & Co. (GS&Co.), J. Aron & Company and Spear, Leeds & Kellogg, L.P. in New York, Goldman Sachs International (GSI) in London and Goldman Sachs (Japan) Ltd. (GSJL) in Tokyo.

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles that require management to make estimates and assumptions regarding trading inventory valuations,

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

the outcome of pending litigation and other matters that affect the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. These estimates and assumptions are based on judgment and available information, and, consequently, actual results could be materially different from these estimates.

Unless otherwise stated herein, all references to 2002, 2001 and 2000 refer to the firm’s fiscal year ended or the date, as the context requires, November 29, 2002, November 30, 2001 and November 24, 2000, respectively. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior-year amounts to conform to the current-year presentation.

Revenue Recognition

Investment Banking. Underwriting revenues and fees from mergers and acquisitions and other corporate finance advisory assignments are recorded when the services related to the underlying transaction are completed under the terms of the engagement. Expenses associated with such transactions are deferred until the related revenue is recognized or the engagement is otherwise concluded. Underwriting revenues are presented net of related expenses. Expenses associated with advisory transactions are recorded as non-compensation expenses, net of client reimbursements.

Repurchase Agreements and Collateralized Financing Arrangements. Securities purchased under agreements to resell and securities sold under agreements to repurchase, principally U.S. government, federal agency and investment-grade non-U.S. sovereign obligations, represent short-term collateralized financing transactions and are carried in the consolidated statements of financial condition at their contractual amounts plus accrued interest. These amounts are presented on a net-by-counterparty basis when the requirements of Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Interpretation No. 41 are satisfied. The firm takes possession of securities purchased under agreements to resell, monitors the market value of these securities on a daily basis and obtains additional collateral as appropriate.

Securities borrowed and loaned are recorded based on the amount of cash collateral advanced or received. These transactions are generally collateralized by either cash, securities or letters of credit. The firm takes possession of securities borrowed, monitors the market value of securities loaned and obtains additional collateral as appropriate. Income or expense on repurchase agreements and collateralized financing arrangements is recognized as interest over the life of the transaction.

Financial Instruments. Gains and losses on financial instruments are recorded on a trade-date basis in the consolidated statements of earnings. The consolidated statements of financial condition generally reflect purchases and sales of financial instruments on a trade-date basis.

“Financial instruments owned, at fair value” and “Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value” in the consolidated statements of financial condition are carried at fair value or amounts that approximate fair value, with related unrealized gains or losses recognized in the firm’s results of operations. The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale.

Quoted market prices in active markets are the best evidence of fair value and the firm uses them when available. If quoted market prices in active markets are not available, management’s estimate of fair value is based on, if available, quoted prices or recent transactions in less active markets and/or prices of similar instruments.

If prices are not readily available either through quoted market prices in active markets or alternative pricing sources, or if liquidating a position is reasonably expected to affect market prices, fair value is based on valuation models or management’s estimate, using the best information available, of amounts that could be realized under current market conditions, assuming an orderly liquidation over a reasonable period of time. The firm’s valuation models consider, among other inputs, contractual and market prices, yield curves, credit, volatility factors, prepayment rates and/or correlations of the underlying positions.

The inputs used in the firm’s valuation models are based on quoted market prices in active markets, if available, or, if not, from quoted market prices or recent transactions in less active markets, and prices of similar instruments. Where such data is not readily available, inputs are derived from other market data taking into account observable market movements that could reasonably be expected to affect the derived input. Different valuation models and assumptions could produce materially different estimates of fair value.

In general, transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales under SFAS No. 140 when the firm has relinquished control over the transferred assets. For transfers accounted for as sales, any related gains or losses are recognized in net revenues. Transfers that are not accounted for as sales are accounted for as repurchase agreements and collateralized financing arrangements, with the

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

related interest expense recognized in net revenues over the life of the transaction.

Principal investments are initially carried at cost as an approximation of fair value. The carrying value of such investments is adjusted when changes in the underlying fair values are readily determinable. For public investments, values are determined using quoted market prices discounted for restrictions on sale. For private investments, adjustments to cost (above or below) are made if there are third-party transactions evidencing a change in value. Downward adjustments are also made if management determines that the expected realizable value of the investment is less than the carrying value. In reaching that determination, management considers many factors including, but not limited to, the operating cash flows and financial performance of the companies or properties relative to budgets or projections, trends within sectors and/or regions, underlying business models, expected exit timing and strategy, and any specific rights or terms associated with the investment, such as conversion features and liquidation preferences.

Asset Management. Asset management fees are generally recognized over the period the related service is provided based upon average net asset values. In certain circumstances, the firm is entitled to receive incentive fees when the return on assets under management exceeds certain benchmark returns or other performance targets. Incentive fees are generally based on investment performance over a 12-month period and are not subject to adjustment once the measurement period ends. Accordingly, incentive fees are recognized in the consolidated statements of earnings when the measurement period ends. Asset management fees and incentive fees are included in “Asset management and securities services” in the consolidated statements of earnings.

Commissions. The firm generates commissions from executing and clearing client transactions on stock, options and futures markets worldwide. These commissions are recorded on a trade-date basis in “Asset management and securities services” in the consolidated statements of earnings.

Merchant Banking Override. The firm is entitled to receive merchant banking overrides (i.e., an increased share of a fund’s income and gains) when the return on the fund’s investments exceeds certain threshold returns. Overrides are based on investment performance over the life of each merchant banking fund, and future investment underperformance may require amounts previously distributed to the firm to be returned to the funds. Accordingly, overrides are recognized in the consolidated statements of earnings only when all material contingencies have been resolved. Overrides are included in “Asset management and securities services” in the consolidated statements of earnings.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The firm defines cash equivalents as highly liquid overnight deposits held in the ordinary course of business.

Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets

The cost of acquired companies in excess of the fair value of net assets at acquisition date is recorded as goodwill. Prior to December 1, 2001, goodwill was amortized over periods of 15 to 20 years on a straight-line basis. Effective December 1, 2001, the firm adopted SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” and, consequently, goodwill is no longer amortized but, instead, is tested at least annually for impairment. Identifiable intangible assets, which consist primarily of specialist rights and customer lists, continue to be amortized over their useful lives.

Property, Leasehold Improvements and Equipment

Property, leasehold improvements and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization, are included in “Other assets” in the consolidated statements of financial condition. Effective December 1, 2001, the firm changed to the straight-line method of depreciation for certain property, leasehold improvements and equipment placed in service after November 2001. This change did not have a material effect on the firm’s results of operations for the year ended November 2002.

The firm’s depreciation and amortization expense is generally computed using the methods set forth below:

                 
    Property and           Certain Internal Use
    Equipment   Leasehold Improvements   Software Costs
   
 
 
        Term of Lease Greater   Term of Lease Less    
        Than Useful Life   Than Useful Life    
       
 
   
Placed in service prior to December 1, 2001   Accelerated cost
recovery
  Accelerated cost
recovery
  Straight-line over the term of the lease   Straight-line over useful life of the asset
 
Placed in service on or after December 1, 2001   Straight-line over useful life of the asset   Straight-line over useful life of the asset   Straight-line over the term of the lease   Straight-line over useful life of the asset

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share (EPS) is calculated by dividing net earnings by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Common shares outstanding includes common stock and nonvoting common stock as well as restricted stock units for which no future service is required as a condition to the delivery of the underlying common stock. Diluted EPS includes the determinants of basic EPS and, in addition, reflects the dilutive effect of the common stock deliverable pursuant to stock options and to restricted stock units for which future service is required as a condition to the delivery of the underlying common stock.

Stock-Based Compensation

The firm has historically accounted for stock-based employee compensation plans in accordance with APB No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” as permitted by SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation.” In accordance with APB No. 25, compensation expense is not recognized for stock options that have no intrinsic value on the date of grant. Compensation expense is recognized immediately for restricted stock units for which future service is not required as a condition to the delivery of the underlying shares of common stock. For restricted stock units with future service requirements, compensation expense is recognized over the relevant service period using amortization methodologies determined by the applicable vesting provisions.

Effective in fiscal 2003, the firm will begin to account for stock-based employee compensation in accordance with the fair-value method prescribed by SFAS No. 123, as amended by SFAS No. 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation—Transition and Disclosure,” using the prospective adoption method. Under this method of adoption, compensation expense will be recognized based on the fair value of stock options and restricted stock units granted for fiscal 2003 and future years over the related service period. The amount of stock-based compensation to be recognized under SFAS No. 123 in fiscal 2003 and beyond is not currently determinable because the number and value of stock options and/or restricted stock units to be granted to employees in the future is not yet known, nor are the related future service provisions. The firm elected to adopt the disclosure provisions of SFAS No. 148 for the fiscal year ended 2002.

Stock options granted for the years ended November 2002, November 2001 and November 2000 were accounted for, and will continue to be accounted for, under the intrinsic value-based method as prescribed by APB No. 25. Therefore, no compensation expense was recognized for those stock options that had no intrinsic value on the date of grant. If the firm were to recognize compensation expense over the relevant service period, under the fair value method of SFAS No. 123 with respect to these stock options, net earnings would have decreased, resulting in pro forma net earnings and EPS as presented below:

                           
      Year Ended November
     
      2002   2001   2000
     
 
 
      (in millions, except
per share amounts)
Net earnings, as reported
  $ 2,114     $ 2,310     $ 3,067  
Add: Stock-based employee compensation expense, net of related tax benefits, included in reported net earnings
    416       499       822  
Deduct: Stock-based employee compensation, net of related tax effects, determined under fair-value based method for all awards
    (785 )     (844 )     (918 )
       
     
     
 
Pro forma net earnings
  $ 1,745     $ 1,965     $ 2,971  
       
     
     
 
EPS, as reported
                       
 
Basic
  $ 4.27     $ 4.53     $ 6.33  
 
Diluted
    4.03       4.26       6.00  
Pro forma EPS
                       
 
Basic
  $ 3.52     $ 3.86     $ 6.13  
 
Diluted
    3.32       3.63       5.81  

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of the firm’s assets and liabilities. Valuation allowances are established to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that more likely than not will be realized. The firm’s tax assets and liabilities are presented as a component of “Other assets” and “Other liabilities and accrued expenses,” respectively, in the consolidated statements of financial condition.

Foreign Currency Translation

Assets and liabilities denominated in non-U.S. currencies are translated at rates of exchange prevailing on the date of the consolidated statement of financial condition, and revenues and expenses are translated at average rates of exchange for the fiscal year. Gains or losses on translation of the financial statements of a non-U.S. operation, when the functional currency is other than the U.S. dollar, are reflected, net of hedges, as a separate component of equity and included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Gains or losses on foreign currency transactions are included in the consolidated statements of earnings.

Recent Accounting Developments

In June 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 146, “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities.” The statement specifies the accounting for certain employee termination benefits, contract termination costs and costs to consolidate facilities or relocate employees and is effective for exit and disposal activities initiated after December 31, 2002. Management does not expect the statement to have a material effect on the firm’s financial condition or results of operations.

In November 2002, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation (FIN) No. 45, “Guarantor’s Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others.” FIN No. 45 specifies the disclosures to be made about obligations under certain issued guarantees and requires a liability to be recognized for the fair value of a guarantee obligation. The recognition and measurement provisions of the interpretation apply prospectively to guarantees issued after December 31, 2002. The disclosure provisions are effective beginning with the firm’s first fiscal quarter in 2003. Adoption of the recognition and measurement provisions will not have a material effect on the firm’s financial condition or results of operations.

In January 2003, the FASB issued FIN No. 46, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities.” FIN No. 46 requires a company to consolidate a variable interest entity (VIE) if the company has variable interests that give it a majority of the expected losses or a majority of the expected residual returns of the entity. Prior to FIN No. 46, VIEs were commonly referred to as SPEs. FIN No. 46 is effective immediately for VIEs created after January 31, 2003. The firm must apply FIN No. 46 to VIEs created before February 1, 2003 as of the beginning of the fiscal 2003 fourth quarter. Management is evaluating the impact of adoption but does not expect it to have a material effect on the firm’s financial condition or results of operations.

In November 2002, the Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) reached a consensus on Issue No. 00-21, “Accounting for Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables.” EITF Issue No. 00-21 addresses the accounting for arrangements under which a vendor will perform multiple revenue-generating activities. EITF Issue No. 00-21 is effective for revenue arrangements entered into beginning with the firm’s fourth quarter in fiscal 2003. Management does not expect it to have a material effect on the firm’s financial condition or results of operations.

In November 2002, the EITF reached a consensus on EITF Issue No. 02-3, “Issues Involved in Accounting for Derivative Contracts Held for Trading Purposes and Contracts Involved in Energy Trading and Risk Management Activities.” EITF Issue No. 02-3 precludes mark-to-market accounting for energy-trading contracts that are not derivatives pursuant to SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.” The firm has adopted the provisions of EITF Issue No. 02-3 related to energy-trading contracts as of the beginning of the fiscal 2003 first quarter and the effect of adoption was not material to the firm’s financial condition or results of operations. EITF Issue No. 02-3 also communicates the FASB staff’s belief that the transaction price for a derivative contract is the best information available with which to estimate fair value at the inception of a contract when the estimate is not based on other observable market data. Management is currently evaluating the impact of the FASB staff’s view on the firm’s financial condition and results of operations.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Note 3. Spear, Leeds & Kellogg

On October 31, 2000, the firm completed its combination with SLK LLC (SLK), a leader in securities clearing and execution, floor-based market making and off-floor market making. The combination was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting for business combinations. In exchange for the membership interests in SLK and subordinated debt of certain retired members, the firm issued 35.3 million shares of common stock valued at $3.5 billion, issued $149 million in debentures and paid $2.1 billion in cash. The purchase price was allocated to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the effective date of the combination. The excess of consideration paid over the estimated fair value of net assets acquired was $4.2 billion, of which $2.4 billion was recorded as goodwill and $1.8 billion was recorded as identifiable intangible assets.

As part of the combination with SLK, the firm established a $702 million retention pool of restricted stock units for SLK employees. A charge of $290 million ($180 million after taxes) related to restricted stock units for which future service was not required as a condition to the delivery of the underlying shares of common stock was included in the firm’s operating results in 2000. The remaining restricted stock units, for which future service is required, are being amortized over the five-year service period following the date of consummation.

The following table sets forth the unaudited pro forma combined operating results of the firm and SLK for the year ended November 2000. These pro forma results were prepared as if the firm’s combination with SLK had taken place at the beginning of fiscal 2000.

Pro Forma Operating Results

(unaudited)
         
    Year Ended
   
    November 2000
   
    (in millions, except
    per share amounts)
Revenues, net of interest expense
  $ 18,630  
Net earnings
    3,459  
Basic EPS
    6.66  
Diluted EPS
    6.32  

Note 4. Financial Instruments

Financial instruments, including both cash instruments and derivatives, are used to manage market risk, facilitate customer transactions, engage in proprietary transactions and meet financing objectives. These instruments can be either executed on an exchange or negotiated in the over-the-counter (OTC) market.

Transactions involving financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, generally entail an obligation to purchase a financial instrument at a future date. The firm may incur a loss if the market value of the financial instrument subsequently increases prior to the purchase of the instrument.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following table sets forth the firm’s financial instruments owned, including those pledged as collateral, at fair value, and financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value:

                                 
    As of November
   
    2002   2001
   
 
    Assets   Liabilities   Assets   Liabilities
   
 
 
 
    (in millions)
Commercial paper, certificates of deposit and time deposits
  $ 1,092     $     $ 1,351     $  
U.S. government, federal agency and sovereign obligations
    36,053       22,272       31,173       18,606  
Corporate debt
    25,425       6,902       16,697       6,453  
Equities and convertible debentures
    23,624       14,398       20,075       12,201  
State, municipal and provincial obligations
    715             771        
Derivative contracts
    42,205       38,921       38,521       36,660  
Physical commodities
    661       980       297       797  
 
   
     
     
     
 
Total
  $ 129,775     $ 83,473     $ 108,885     $ 74,717  
 
   
     
     
     
 

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Credit Concentrations

Credit concentrations may arise from trading, underwriting and securities borrowing activities and may be impacted by changes in economic, industry or political factors. As of November 2002 and 2001, U.S. government and federal agency obligations represented 6% and 7%, respectively, of the firm’s total assets. In addition, most of the firm’s securities purchased under agreements to resell are collateralized by U.S. government, federal agency and other sovereign obligations.

Derivative Activities

Derivative contracts are financial instruments, such as futures, forwards, swaps or option contracts, that derive their value from underlying assets, indices, reference rates or a combination of these factors. Derivatives may involve future commitments to purchase or sell financial instruments or commodities, or to exchange currency or interest payment streams. The amounts exchanged are based on the specific terms of the contract with reference to specified rates, securities, commodities or indices.

Derivative contracts exclude certain cash instruments, such as mortgage-backed securities, interest-only and principal-only obligations, and indexed debt instruments, that derive their values or contractually required cash flows from the price of some other security or index. The firm includes certain commodity-related contracts in its derivative disclosure, although not required to do so, as these contracts may be settled in cash or are readily convertible into cash.

Most of the firm’s derivative transactions are entered into for trading purposes. The firm uses derivatives in its trading activities to facilitate customer transactions, to take proprietary positions and as a means of risk management. Risk exposures are managed through diversification, by controlling position sizes and by establishing hedges in related securities or derivatives. For example, the firm may hedge a portfolio of common stock by taking an offsetting position in a related equity-index futures contract. Gains and losses on derivatives used for trading purposes are generally included in “Trading and principal investments” in the consolidated statements of earnings.

The firm also enters into derivative contracts, to manage the interest rate, currency and equity-linked exposure on its long-term borrowings. These derivatives generally include interest rate futures contracts, interest rate swap agreements, currency swap agreements and equity-linked contracts, which are primarily utilized to convert a substantial portion of the firm’s long-term debt into U.S. dollar-based floating rate obligations. Certain interest rate swap contracts are designated as fair-value hedges. The gains and losses associated with the ineffective portion of these fair-value hedges are included in “Trading and principal investments” in the consolidated statements of earnings and were not material for the years ended November 2002 and November 2001.

Derivative contracts are reported on a net-by-counterparty basis in the firm’s consolidated statements of financial condition when management believes a legal right of setoff exists under an enforceable netting agreement. The fair value of derivative financial instruments, computed in accordance with the firm’s netting policy, is set forth below:

                                 
    As of November
   
    2002   2001
   
 
    Assets   Liabilities   Assets   Liabilities
   
 
 
 
    (in millions)
Forward settlement contracts
  $ 4,293     $ 4,602     $ 5,265     $ 4,491  
Swap agreements
    22,426       18,516       18,438       15,931  
Option contracts
    15,486       15,803       14,818       16,238  
 
   
     
     
     
 
Total
  $ 42,205     $ 38,921     $ 38,521     $ 36,660  
 
   
     
     
     
 

Securitization Activities

The firm securitizes commercial and residential mortgages and home equity loans, government and corporate bonds, and other types of financial assets. The firm acts as underwriter of the beneficial interests that are sold to investors. The firm derecognizes financial assets transferred in securitizations provided it has relinquished control over such assets. Transferred assets are accounted for at fair value prior to securitization. Underwriting net revenues are recognized in connection with the sales of the underlying beneficial interests to investors.

The firm may retain interests in securitized financial assets, which it generally attempts to sell as quickly as possible, subject to prevailing market conditions. Retained interests are accounted for at fair value and are included in “Total financial instruments owned, at fair value” in the consolidated statements of financial condition.

During the years ended November 2002 and November 2001, the firm securitized $107.1 billion and $68.8 billion of financial assets, respectively, including $89.3 billion

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

and $47.6 billion of agency mortgage-backed securities, respectively. Cash flows received on retained interests and other securitization cash flows were approximately $534 million for the year ended November 2002. As of November 2002, the firm held $3.7 billion of retained interests, including $737 million of retained interests for which the fair value is based on quoted market prices in active markets.

The following table sets forth the weighted average key economic assumptions used in measuring the fair value of retained interests for which fair value is based on alternative pricing sources with reasonable, little or no price transparency and the sensitivity of those fair values to immediate adverse changes of 10% and 20% in those assumptions:

                   
      As of November 2002
     
      Type of Retained Interests
     
      Mortgage   Other Asset-Backed(2)
     
 
      ($ in millions)
Fair value of retained interests
  $ 1,977     $ 1,022  
Weighted average life (years)
    4.1       4.7  
 
Annual prepayment rate
    25.4 %     N/A  
 
Impact of 10% adverse change
  $ (7 )      
 
Impact of 20% adverse change
    (11 )      
 
Annual credit losses(1)
    2.5 %     1.7 %
 
Impact of 10% adverse change
  $ (1 )   $ (8 )
 
Impact of 20% adverse change
    (2 )     (15 )
 
Annual discount rate
    7.1 %     7.1 %
 
Impact of 10% adverse change
  $ (38 )   $ (4 )
 
Impact of 20% adverse change
    (74 )     (8 )

(1)   The impact of adverse changes takes into account credit mitigants incorporated in the retained interests, including overcollateralization and subordination provisions.
 
(2)   Includes retained interests in government and corporate bonds and other types of financial assets that are not subject to prepayment risk.

The preceding table does not give effect to the offsetting benefit of other financial instruments that are held to hedge risks inherent in these retained interests. Changes in fair value based on a 10% adverse variation in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumptions to the change in fair value is not usually linear. In addition, the impact of a change in a particular assumption is calculated independently of changes in any other assumption. In practice, simultaneous changes in assumptions might magnify or counteract the sensitivities disclosed above.

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THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Variable Interest Entities (VIEs)

The firm, in the ordinary course of its business, utilizes VIEs such as trusts, limited partnerships and limited liability companies to securitize commercial and residential mortgages and home equity loans, government and corporate bonds, and other types of financial instruments. Prior to the issuance of FIN No. 46, VIEs were commonly referred to as SPEs. The firm holds variable interests in such entities in the form of senior and subordinated debt, preferred and common stock, interest rate, foreign currency and credit derivatives as well as residual interests in asset-backed securitizations. The following table summarizes the firm’s maximum exposure to loss as a result of its significant variable interests in consolidated and non-consolidated VIEs as well as the total assets of such VIEs:

                 
    As of November 2002
   
    Variable Interest Entities(1)
   
    Consolidated(2)   Non-Consolidated
   
 
    (in millions)
Maximum exposure to loss
               
Mortgages
  $ 73     $ 265  
Other asset-backed
    197       630  
 
   
     
Total maximum exposure to loss
  $ 270     $ 895  
 
   
     
VIE assets
               
Mortgages
  $ 651     $ 5,176  
Other asset-backed
    1,095       3,540  
 
   
     
Total VIE assets
  $ 1,746     $ 8,716  
 
   
     

(1)   Excludes qualifying special-purpose entities (QSPEs), in accordance with FIN No. 46.
 
(2)   Consolidated total VIE assets in excess of total maximum exposure to loss represents variable interests held by third parties that have no recourse to the general credit of the firm.

Secured Borrowing and Lending Activities

The firm obtains secured short-term financing principally through the use of repurchase agreements and securities lending agreements to obtain securities for settlement, to finance inventory positions and to meet customers’ needs. In these transactions, the firm either provides or receives collateral, including U.S. government, federal agency, mortgage-backed, investment-grade foreign sovereign obligations and equity securities.

The firm receives collateral in connection with resale agreements, securities lending transactions, derivative transactions, customer margin loans and other secured lending activities. In many cases, the firm is permitted to sell or repledge securities held as collateral. These securities may be used to secure repurchase agreements, enter into securities lending or derivative transactions, or cover short positions. As of November 2002 and November 2001, the fair value of securities received as collateral by the firm that it was permitted to sell or repledge was $316.3 billion and $267.7 billion, respectively, of which the firm sold or repledged $272.5 billion and $224.4 billion, respectively.

The firm also pledges its own assets to collateralize repurchase agreements and other secured financings. As of November 2002 and November 2001, the carrying value of securities included in “Financial instruments owned, at fair value” that had been loaned or pledged to counter-parties that did not have the right to sell or repledge was $34.7 billion and $22.3 billion, respectively.

Note 5. Short-Term Borrowings

The firm obtains unsecured short-term borrowings through issuance of promissory notes, commercial paper and bank loans. Short-term borrowings also include the portion of long-term borrowings maturing within one year. The carrying value of these short-term obligations approximates fair value due to their short-term nature.

74


 

Short-term borrowings are set forth below:

                 
    As of November
   
    2002   2001
   
 
    (in millions)
Promissory notes
  $ 20,433     $ 15,281  
Commercial paper
    9,463       8,353  
Bank loans and other
    4,948       6,794  
Current portion of long-term borrowings
    5,794       7,169  
     
     
Total(1)
  $ 40,638     $ 37,597  
     
     

(1)   As of November 2002 and November 2001, weighted average interest rates for short-term borrowings, including commercial paper, were 2.09% and 3.05%, respectively.

Note 6. Long-Term Borrowings

The firm’s long-term borrowings are set forth below:

                   
      As of November
     
      2002   2001
     
 
      (in millions)
Fixed rate obligations(1)
               
 
U.S. dollar
  $ 19,550     $ 14,462  
 
Non-U.S. dollar
    4,407       3,425  
Floating rate obligations(2)
               
 
U.S. dollar
    10,175       10,415  
 
Non-U.S. dollar
    4,579       2,714  
       
     
Total(3)
  $ 38,711     $ 31,016  
       
     

(1)   During 2002 and 2001, interest rates on U.S. dollar fixed rate obligations ranged from 5.50% to 12.00% and from 5.90% to 12.00%, respectively. During 2002 and 2001, non-U.S. dollar fixed rate obligations interest rates ranged from 1.20% to 8.88%.
 
(2)   Floating interest rates generally are based on LIBOR, the U.S. treasury bill rate or the federal funds rate. Certain equity-linked and indexed instruments are included in floating rate obligations.
 
(3)   Long-term borrowings have maturities that range from one to 30 years from the date of issue.

Long-term borrowings by fiscal maturity date are set forth below:

                                                 
    As of November
   
    2002(1)   2001
   
 
    U.S.   Non-U.S.           U.S.   Non-U.S.        
    Dollar   Dollar   Total   Dollar   Dollar   Total
   
 
 
 
 
 
    (in millions)
2003
  $     $     $     $ 5,810     $ 371     $ 6,181  
2004
    6,846       184       7,030       3,172       119       3,291  
2005
    5,804       3,075       8,879       4,694       2,608       7,302  
2006
    1,575       1,020       2,595       1,734       804       2,538  
2007
    1,094       953       2,047       1,018       114       1,132  
2008-thereafter
    14,406       3,754       18,160       8,449       2,123       10,572  
     
     
     
     
     
     
Total
  $ 29,725     $ 8,986     $ 38,711     $ 24,877     $ 6,139     $ 31,016  
     
     
     
     
     
     

(1)   Long-term borrowings maturing within one year are included in “short-term borrowings” in the consolidated statements of financial condition.

The firm enters into derivative contracts, such as interest rate futures contracts, interest rate swap agreements, currency swap agreements and equity-linked contracts, to effectively convert a substantial portion of its long-term borrowings into U.S. dollar-based floating rate obligations. Accordingly, the aggregate carrying value of these long-term borrowings and related hedges approximates fair value.

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The effective weighted average interest rates for long-term borrowings, after hedging activities, are set forth below:

                                 
    As of November
   
    2002   2001
   
 
    Amount   Rate   Amount   Rate
   
 
 
 
    (in millions)
Fixed rate obligations
  $ 1,057       8.35 %   $ 757       10.58 %
Floating rate obligations
    37,654       2.24       30,259       3.02  
 
   
             
         
Total
  $ 38,711       2.40     $ 31,016       3.20  
 
   
             
         

Note 7.  Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

The firm is involved in a number of judicial, regulatory and arbitration proceedings concerning matters arising in connection with the conduct of its businesses. Management believes, based on currently available information, that the results of such proceedings, in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on the firm’s financial condition, but may be material to the firm’s operating results for any particular period, depending, in part, upon the operating results for such period.

On December 20, 2002, as part of a proposed global settlement involving the leading securities firms operating in the United States, agreements in principle were announced among the firm’s U.S. broker-dealer subsidiary GS&Co. and various regulatory authorities to resolve their investigations of GS&Co. relating to investment research analysts’ conflicts of interest. Pursuant to the agreements in principle, GS&Co. has agreed, among other things, to (i) pay $50 million in retrospective relief, (ii) contribute $50 million over five years to provide independent third-party research to clients, (iii) contribute $10 million for investor education and (iv) adopt internal structural and other safeguards to further ensure the integrity of GS&Co. investment research. The cost of the agreements in principle has been provided for in the firm’s consolidated financial statements. In connection with the agreements, the firm also expects to be joining the other leading securities firms who are a part of the proposed global settlement in an initiative that generally will prohibit the allocation of shares in initial public offerings to executives and directors of public companies. Current or future civil lawsuits implicating investment research analysts’ conflicts of interest were not settled as part of the agreements in principle. The firm’s total potential liability in respect of such civil cases cannot be reasonably estimated but could be material to results of operations in a given period.

Leases

The firm has obligations under long-term noncancelable lease agreements, principally for office space, expiring on various dates through 2029. Certain agreements are subject to periodic escalation provisions for increases in real estate taxes and other charges. Minimum rental commitments, net of minimum sublease rentals, under non-cancelable leases for 2003 and the succeeding four years and thereafter and rent charged to operating expense for the last three years are set forth below:

           
      (in millions)
Minimum rental commitments
       
 
2003
  $ 350  
 
2004
    354  
 
2005
    266  
 
2006
    280  
 
2007
    225  
 
2008-thereafter
    1,827  
 
 
   
 
Total
  $ 3,302  
 
 
   
 
Net rent expense
       
 
2000
  $ 240  
 
2001
    299  
 
2002
    359  

Other Commitments

The firm had commitments to enter into forward secured financing transactions, including certain repurchase and resale agreements and secured borrowing and lending arrangements, of $40.04 billion and $47.54 billion as of November 2002 and November 2001, respectively.

In connection with its lending activities, the firm had outstanding commitments of $9.41 billion and $13.35 billion as of November 2002 and November 2001, respectively. These commitments are agreements to lend to counterparties, have fixed termination dates and are

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

contingent on all conditions to borrowing set forth in the contract having been met. Since these commitments may expire unused, the total commitment amount does not necessarily reflect the actual future cash flow requirements.

The firm provides letters of credit issued by various banks to counterparties in lieu of securities or cash to satisfy various collateral and margin deposit requirements. Letters of credit outstanding were $11.63 billion and $11.50 billion as of November 2002 and November 2001, respectively.

The firm acts as an investor in merchant banking transactions, which includes making long-term investments in equity and debt securities in privately negotiated transactions, corporate acquisitions and real estate transactions. In connection with these activities, the firm had commitments to invest up to $1.46 billion and $1.63 billion in corporate and real estate merchant banking investment funds as of November 2002 and November 2001, respectively.

The firm had outstanding commitments and guarantees of $136 million and $134 million relating primarily to client and fund management activities as of November 2002 and November 2001, respectively. The firm also had construction-related commitments of $301 million and $199 million as of November 2002 and November 2001, respectively.

Note 8.  Equity Capital

Dividends declared per common share were $0.48 in each of 2002, 2001 and 2000. On December 19, 2002, the Board of Directors of Group Inc. (the Board) declared a dividend of $0.12 per share to be paid on February 27, 2003 to common shareholders of record on January 28, 2003.

On March 18, 2002 and on November 20, 2002, the Board authorized the repurchase of an aggregate additional 30 million shares of common stock pursuant to the firm’s existing share repurchase program. The total share authorization under the repurchase program was 60 million shares as of November 2002, of which approximately 40.66 million had been repurchased at a cost of $3.45 billion. The average price paid per share for repurchased shares was $76.49, $88.22 and $99.90 for the years ended November 2002, November 2001 and November 2000, respectively.

On August 21, 2000, SMBC Capital Markets, Inc., formerly Sumitomo Bank Capital Markets, Inc., exchanged all 7.4 million shares of its nonvoting common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of Group Inc. for an equal number of shares of voting common stock.

Note 9.  Earnings Per Share

The computations of basic and diluted EPS are set forth below:

                           
      Year Ended November
     
      2002   2001   2000
     
 
 
      (in millions, except
per share amounts)
Numerator for basic and diluted EPS—earnings available to common shareholders
  $ 2,114     $ 2,310     $ 3,067  
 
Denominator for basic EPS—weighted average number of common shares
    495.6       509.7       484.6  
Effect of dilutive securities
                       
 
Restricted stock units
    22.1       22.0       16.2  
 
Stock options
    7.4       10.1       10.7  
       
     
     
 
Dilutive potential common shares
    29.5       32.1       26.9  
Denominator for diluted EPS—weighted average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares(1)
    525.1       541.8       511.5  
       
     
     
 
Basic EPS
  $ 4.27     $ 4.53     $ 6.33  
Diluted EPS
    4.03       4.26       6.00  

(1)   The diluted EPS computations do not include the antidilutive effect of the following options:
                           
    Year Ended November
   
    2002   2001   2000
   
 
 
    (in millions)
Number of antidilutive options
  28.1       0.7        

77


 

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Note 10.  Goodwill And Identifiable Intangible Assets

Goodwill

As of November 2002, goodwill of $2.86 billion was included in “Other assets” in the consolidated statement of financial condition. Prior to December 1, 2001, goodwill was amortized over periods of 15 to 20 years on a straight-line basis. The following table sets forth reported net earnings and EPS, as adjusted to exclude goodwill amortization expense:

                   
      Year Ended November
     
      2001   2000
     
 
      (in millions except per share amounts)
Net earnings, as reported
  $ 2,310     $ 3,067  
Net earnings, as adjusted
    2,404       3,096  
 
EPS, as reported:
               
 
Basic
  $ 4.53     $ 6.33  
 
Diluted
    4.26       6.00  
 
EPS, as adjusted:
               
 
Basic
  $ 4.72     $ 6.39  
 
Diluted
    4.44       6.05  

Identifiable Intangible Assets

The following table sets forth the gross carrying amount, accumulated amortization and net carrying amount of identifiable intangible assets:

                 
    As of November
   
    2002   2001
   
 
    (in millions)
Gross carrying amount
  $ 2,239     $ 2,092  
Accumulated amortization
    (259 )     (132 )
 
   
     
 
Net carrying amount
  $ 1,980     $ 1,960  
 
   
     
 

Identifiable intangible assets consist primarily of specialist rights and customer lists and are amortized over a weighted average life of approximately 21 years.

Amortization expense associated with identifiable intangible assets was $127 million, $115 million and $7 million for the fiscal years ended November 2002, November 2001 and November 2000, respectively. Estimated amortization expense for existing identifiable intangible assets is $129 million for each of the fiscal years ending November 2003 through November 2007.

Note 11.  Employee Benefit Plans

The firm sponsors various pension plans and certain other postretirement benefit plans, primarily healthcare and life insurance, which cover most employees worldwide. The firm also provides certain benefits to former or inactive employees prior to retirement. A summary of these plans is set forth below:

Defined Benefit Pension Plans and Postretirement Plans

The firm maintains a defined benefit pension plan for substantially all U.S. employees. Employees of certain non-U.S. subsidiaries participate in various local defined benefit plans. These plans generally provide benefits based on years of credited service and a percentage of the employee’s eligible compensation. In addition, the firm has unfunded postretirement benefit plans that provide medical and life insurance for eligible retirees, employees and dependents in the United States.

78


 

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The following table provides a summary of the changes in the plans’ benefit obligations and the fair value of assets for 2002 and 2001 and a statement of the funded status of the plans as of November 2002 and November 2001:

                                                   
      As of or for the Year Ended November
     
      2002   2001
     
 
      U.S.   Non-U.S.   Post-   U.S.   Non-U.S.   Post-
      Pension   Pension   Retirement   Pension   Pension   Retirement
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
      (in millions)
Benefit obligation
                                               
 
Balance, beginning of year
  $ 140     $ 184     $ 84     $ 120     $ 163     $ 59  
 
Service cost
    6       37       8       4       35       6  
 
Interest cost
    10       9       9       9       7       5  
 
Plan amendments
          1       40                    
 
Actuarial loss/(gain)
    8       7       50       9       (12 )     18  
 
Benefits paid
    (2 )     (9 )     (7 )     (2 )     (7 )     (4 )
 
Effect of foreign exchange rates
          16                   (2 )      
       
     
     
     
     
     
   
Balance, end of year
  $ 162     $ 245     $ 184     $ 140     $ 184     $ 84  
       
     
     
     
     
     
   
Fair value of plan assets
                                               
 
Balance, beginning of year
  $ 138     $ 164     $ 12     $ 148     $ 128     $ 15  
 
Actual return on plan assets
    (14 )     (21 )     (1 )     (8 )     (18 )     (3 )
 
Firm contributions
    45       56       7             61       4  
 
Benefits paid
    (2 )     (9 )     (7 )     (2 )     (7 )     (4 )
 
Other distributions
                (11 )                  
 
Effect of foreign exchange rates
          16                          
       
     
     
     
     
     
   
Balance, end of year
  $ 167     $ 206     $     $ 138     $ 164     $ 12  
       
     
     
     
     
     
   
Prepaid/(accrued) benefit cost
                                               
 
Funded status
  $ 5     $ (39 )   $ (184 )   $ (2 )   $ (20 )   $ (72 )
 
Unrecognized actuarial loss
    72       79       62       40       36       12  
 
Unrecognized transition (asset)/obligation
    (28 )     15       1       (31 )     16       2  
 
Unrecognized prior service cost
          4       31             3       (1 )
 
Adjustment to recognize additional minimum liability
          (1 )                        
       
     
     
     
     
     
   
Prepaid/(accrued) benefit cost
  $ 49     $ 58     $ (90 )   $ 7     $ 35     $ (59 )
       
     
     
     
     
     
   

For plans in which the accumulated benefit obligation exceeded plan assets, the aggregate projected benefit obligation and accumulated benefit obligation was $72 million and $55 million, respectively, as of November 2002, and $63 million and $46 million, respectively, as of November 2001. The fair value of plan assets for each of these plans was $39 million and $35 million as of November 2002 and November 2001, respectively.

79


 

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The components of pension expense/(income) and postretirement expense are set forth below:

                           
      Year Ended November
     
      2002   2001   2000
     
 
 
      (in millions)
U.S. pension
                       
 
Service cost
  $ 6     $ 4     $ 4  
 
Interest cost
    10       9       8  
 
Expected return on plan assets
    (12 )     (12 )     (10 )
 
Net amortization
    (2 )     (3 )     (3 )
       
     
     
Total
  $ 2     $ (2 )   $ (1 )
       
     
     
Non-U.S. pension
                       
 
Service cost
  $ 37     $ 35     $ 28  
 
Interest cost
    9       7       7  
 
Expected return on plan assets
    (12 )     (9 )     (8 )
 
Net amortization
    4       1       1  
       
     
     
Total
  $ 38     $ 34     $ 28  
       
     
     
Postretirement
                       
 
Service cost
  $ 8     $ 6     $ 2  
 
Interest cost
    9       5       4  
 
Expected return on plan assets
    (1 )     (1 )      
 
Net amortization
    10              
       
     
     
Total
  $ 26     $ 10     $ 6  
       
     
     

The weighted average assumptions used to develop net periodic pension cost and the actuarial present value of the projected benefit obligation are set forth below. The assumptions represent a weighted average of the assumptions used for the U.S. and non-U.S. plans and are based on the economic environment of each applicable country.

                             
        Year Ended November
       
        2002   2001   2000
       
 
 
Defined benefit pension plans
                       
 
U.S. pension
                       
   
Discount rate
    6.75 %     7.00 %     7.50 %
   
Rate of increase in future compensation levels
    5.00       5.00       5.00  
   
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets
    8.50       8.50       8.50  
 
 
Non-U.S. pension
                       
   
Discount rate
    4.78       4.93       4.66  
   
Rate of increase in future compensation levels
    4.14       4.11       4.29  
   
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets
    5.86       5.74       5.81  
 
Postretirement plans
                       
   
Discount rate
    6.75 %     7.00 %     7.50 %
   
Rate of increase in future compensation levels
    5.00       5.00       5.00  
   
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets
    8.50       8.50        

For measurement purposes, an annual growth rate in the per capita cost of covered healthcare benefits of 11% was assumed for the fiscal year ending November 2003. The rate was assumed to decrease ratably to 5% for the fiscal year ending November 2009 and remain at that level thereafter.

80


 

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The assumed cost of healthcare has an effect on the amounts reported for the firm’s postretirement plans. A 1% change in the assumed healthcare cost trend rate would have the following effects:

                                 
    1% Increase   1% Decrease
   
 
    2002   2001   2002   2001
   
 
 
 
    (in millions)
Cost
  $ 3     $ 2     $ (2 )   $ (1 )
Obligation
    25       10       (22 )     (9 )

Defined Contribution Plans

The firm contributes to employer-sponsored U.S. and non-U.S. defined contribution plans. The firm’s contribution to these plans was $154 million, $193 million and $129 million for 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Contributions in 2002 and 2001 each reflect a full year of contributions with respect to employees added as a result of the firm’s combination with SLK.

The firm has also established a nonqualified defined contribution plan (the Plan) for certain senior employees. Shares of common stock contributed to the Plan and outstanding as of November 2002 were 8.6 million. The shares of common stock will vest and generally be distributable to the participant on specified future dates if the participant satisfies certain conditions and the participant’s employment with the firm has not been terminated, with certain exceptions for terminations of employment due to death or a change in control. Dividends on the underlying shares of common stock are paid currently to the participants. Forfeited shares remain in the Plan and are reallocated to other participants. Contributions to the Plan are expensed on the date of grant. Plan expense was immaterial for the years ended November 2002, November 2001 and November 2000.

Note 12. Employee Incentive Plans

Stock Incentive Plan

The firm sponsors a stock incentive plan that provides for grants of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, dividend equivalent rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units and other stock-based awards.

The total number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the stock incentive plan through fiscal 2002 may not exceed 300 million shares. As of November 2002 and November 2001, 128.6 million shares and 135.0 million shares, respectively, were available for grant under the stock incentive plan, after considering stock-based compensation awards that were issued subsequent to year end, as part of year-end compensation.

Restricted Stock Units

The firm issued restricted stock units to employees under the stock incentive plan, primarily in connection with its initial public offering, acquisitions and as part of year-end compensation. Of the total restricted stock units outstanding as of November 2002 and November 2001, (i) 29.9 million units and 41.7 million units, respectively, required future service as a condition to the delivery of the underlying shares of common stock and (ii) 18.3 million units and 25.6 million units, respectively, did not require future service. In all cases, delivery of the underlying shares of common stock is conditioned on the grantee’s satisfying certain other requirements outlined in the award agreements.

81


 

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The activity related to these restricted stock units is set forth below:

                   
      Restricted Stock Units Outstanding
     
      No Future   Future
      Service   Service
      Required   Required
 
 
 
Outstanding, November 1999
    35,703,923       40,344,481  
 
Granted(1)
    6,401,796       10,900,941  
 
Forfeited
    (1,189,406 )     (2,752,278 )
 
Delivered
    (9,571,298 )      
 
Vested
    2,157,204       (2,157,204 )
 
   
     
Outstanding, November 2000
    33,502,219       46,335,940  
 
Granted
    116,968       1,638,536  
 
Forfeited
    (975,713 )     (3,065,731 )
 
Delivered
    (10,253,224 )      
 
Vested
    3,239,683       (3,239,683 )
 
   
     
Outstanding, November 2001
    25,629,933       41,669,062  
 
Granted(2)
    1,484,153       4,855,553  
 
Forfeited
    (591,957 )     (3,135,134 )
 
Delivered
    (21,700,672 )      
 
Vested
    13,494,481       (13,494,481 )
 
   
     
Outstanding, November 2002
    18,315,938       29,895,000  
 
   
     

(1)   Includes restricted stock units granted in connection with the combination with SLK and restricted stock units granted to employees, subsequent to year end, as part of year-end compensation.
 
(2)   Includes restricted stock units granted to employees subsequent to year end as part of year-end compensation.

Total employee stock compensation expense, net of forfeitures, was $645 million, $798 million and $1.35 billion for the years ended November 2002, November 2001 and November 2000, respectively.

Stock Options

In general, stock options granted to employees in connection with the firm’s initial public offering vest and become exercisable in equal installments on or about the third, fourth and fifth anniversaries of the grant date. Stock options granted to employees subsequent to the firm’s initial public offering generally vest as outlined in the applicable stock option agreement and first become exercisable on the third anniversary of the grant date. All employee stock option agreements provide that vesting is accelerated in certain circumstances, such as upon retirement, death and extended absence. In general, all stock options expire on the tenth anniversary of the grant date, although they may be subject to earlier termination or cancellation in certain circumstances in accordance with the terms of the firm’s stock incentive plan and the applicable stock option agreement. The dilutive effect of the firm’s outstanding stock options is included in “Average common shares outstanding — Diluted,” on the consolidated statements of earnings.

82


 

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. and SUBSIDIARES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The activity related to these stock options is set forth below:

                           
              Weighted   Weighted
              Average   Average
      Options   Exercise   Remaining
      Outstanding   Price   Life (years)
 
 
 
 
Outstanding, November 1999
    40,359,666     $ 52.91       9.42  
 
Granted(1)
    19,685,230       82.89          
 
Exercised
    (18,901 )     48.13          
 
Forfeited
    (2,590,237 )     52.88          
 
   
                 
Outstanding, November 2000
    57,435,758       63.19       8.96  
 
Granted(1)
    29,004,359       91.89          
 
Exercised
    (104,155 )     52.03          
 
Forfeited
    (1,969,077 )     64.46          
 
   
                 
Outstanding, November 2001
    84,366,885       73.04       8.65  
 
Granted(1)
    15,908,162       79.16          
 
Exercised
    (1,138,087 )     52.78          
 
Forfeited
    (4,867,859 )     68.77          
 
   
                 
Outstanding, November 2002
    94,269,101       74.53       8.08  
 
   
                 
Exercisable, November 2002
    10,642,579     $ 52.87       6.44  
 
   
                 

(1)   Includes stock options granted to employees subsequent to year end as part of year-end compensation.

The options outstanding as of November 2002 are set forth below:

                         
            Weighted   Weighted
            Average   Average
    Options   Exercise   Remaining
Exercise Price   Outstanding   Price   Life (years)

 
 
 
$45.00 – $59.99     32,636,115     $ 52.93       6.44  
60.00 – 74.99                  
75.00 – 89.99     33,596,260       81.10       8.92  
90.00 – 104.99     28,036,726       91.81       9.00  
 
   
                 
 
    94,269,101                  
 
   
                 

The weighted average fair value of options granted during 2002, 2001 and 2000 was $27.38 per option, $30.82 per option and $28.13 per option, respectively. Fair value was estimated as of the grant date based on a binomial option pricing model using the following weighted average assumptions:

                         
    Year Ended November
   
    2002   2001   2000
   
 
 
Risk-free interest rate
    3.5 %     5.2 %     5.6 %
Expected volatility
    35.0       35.0       35.0  
Dividend yield
    0.6       0.5       0.6  
Expected life
  5 years     7 years     7 years  

83


 

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. and SUBSIDIARES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Note 13. Income Taxes

The components of the net tax expense reflected in the consolidated statements of earnings are set forth below:

                           
      Year Ended November
     
      2002   2001   2000
     
 
 
      (in millions)
Current taxes
                       
 
U.S. federal
  $ 543     $ 781     $ 1,063  
 
State and local
    35       64       285  
 
Non-U.S
    331       489       957  
       
     
     
Total current tax expense
    909       1,334       2,305  
       
     
     
Deferred taxes
                       
 
U.S. federal
    7       (9 )     (299 )
 
State and local
    102       95       49  
 
Non-U.S
    121       (34 )     (102 )
       
     
     
Total deferred tax expense/(benefit)
    230       52       (352 )
       
     
     
Net tax expense
  $ 1,139     $ 1,386     $ 1,953  
       
     
     

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. These temporary differences result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years and are measured using the tax rates and laws that will be in effect when such differences are expected to reverse.

Significant components of the firm’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are set forth below:

                   
      As of November
     
      2002   2001
     
 
      (in millions)
Deferred tax assets
               
 
Compensation and benefits
  $ 1,415     $ 1,768  
 
Unrealized losses
    173        
 
Other, net
    185       197  
       
     
 
    1,773       1,965  
 
Valuation allowance(1)
    (17 )     (7 )
       
     
Total deferred tax assets
    1,756       1,958  
       
     
Deferred tax liabilities
                       
 
Depreciation and amortization
    207       111  
 
Unrealized gains
          20  
       
     
Total deferred tax liabilities
    207       131  
       
     
Net deferred tax assets
  $ 1,549     $ 1,827  
       
     

(1)   Relates primarily to the ability to utilize certain state and local and foreign tax credits.

The firm permanently reinvests eligible earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that were incorporated for U.S. income tax purposes at the end of 2001 and, accordingly, does not accrue any U.S. income taxes that would arise if such earnings were repatriated. As of November 2002, this policy resulted in an unrecognized net deferred tax liability of approximately $33 million attributable to reinvested earnings of approximately $209 million. Additionally, during 2002, the valuation allowance was increased by $10 million, primarily due to an increase in certain state and local and foreign tax credits. Acquired net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $58 million are subject to annual limitations on utilization and will begin to expire in 2018.

84


 

THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to the firm’s effective income tax rate is set forth below:

                         
    Year Ended November
   
    2002   2001   2000
   
 
 
U.S. federal statutory income tax rate
    35.0 %     35.0 %     35.0 %
Increase related to state and local taxes, net of U.S. income tax effects
    2.7       2.8       4.3  
Domestic tax credits
    (1.3 )            
Tax-exempt income, including dividends
    (1.3 )     (0.6 )     (0.2 )
Foreign operations
    (0.9 )            
Other
    0.8       0.3       (0.2 )
     
     
     
Effective income tax rate
    35.0 %     37.5 %     38.9 %
     
     
     

Tax benefits of approximately $119 million in 2002, $123 million in 2001 and $116 million in 2000, related to the delivery of restricted stock units and the exercise of options, were credited directly to “Additional paid-in capital” in the consolidated statements of financial condition and changes in shareholders’ equity.

Note 14. Regulated Subsidiaries

GS&Co. and Spear, Leeds and Kellogg, L.P. are registered U.S. broker-dealers and futures commission merchants subject to Rule 15c3-1 of the Securities and Exchange Commission and Rule 1.17 of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, which specify uniform minimum net capital requirements, as defined, for their registrants. They have elected to compute their net capital in accordance with the “Alternative Net Capital Requirement” as permitted by Rule 15c3-1. As of November 2002 and November 2001, GS&Co. had regulatory net capital, as defined, of $4.75 billion and $4.59 billion respectively, which exceeded the amounts required by $4.09 billion and $3.91 billion, respectively. As of November 2002 and November 2001, Spear, Leeds and Kellogg, L.P. had regulatory net capital, as defined, of $1.28 billion and $952 million, respectively, which exceeded the amounts required by $1.24 billion and $907 million, respectively.

GSI, a registered U.K. broker-dealer, is subject to the capital requirements of The Financial Services Authority, and GSJL, a Tokyo-based broker-dealer, is subject to the capital requirements of the Financial Services Agency. As of November 2002 and November 2001, GSI and GSJL were in compliance with their local capital adequacy requirements.

Certain other subsidiaries of the firm are also subject to capital adequacy requirements promulgated by authorities of the countries in which they operate. As of November 2002 and November 2001, these subsidiaries were in compliance with their local capital adequacy requirements.

Note 15. Business Segments

In reporting to management, the firm’s operating results are categorized into the following three segments: Investment Banking, Trading and Principal Investments, and Asset Management and Securities Services. The Investment Banking and Trading and Principal Investments segments were previously aggregated into one reporting segment — Global Capital Markets.

Investment Banking

The Investment Banking segment provides a broad range of investment banking services to a diverse group of corporations, financial institutions, governments and individuals. Investment banking activities are divided into two categories:

    Financial Advisory. Financial Advisory includes advisory assignments with respect to mergers and acquisitions, divestitures, corporate defense activities, restructurings and spin-offs; and
 
    Underwriting. Underwriting includes public offerings and private placements of equity and debt securities.

Trading and Principal Investments

The Trading and Principal Investments business facilitates customer transactions with a diverse group of corporations, financial institutions, governments and individuals and takes proprietary positions through market making in, and trading of, fixed income and equity products, currencies, commodities, and swaps and other derivatives. In addition, the firm engages in floor-based and electronic market making as a specialist on U.S. equities and

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

options exchanges. Trading and Principal Investments is divided into three categories:

    FICC. The firm makes markets in and trades interest rate and credit products, currencies and commodities, structures and enters into a wide variety of derivative transactions, and engages in proprietary trading;
 
    Equities. The firm makes markets in, acts as a specialist for, and trades equities and equity-related products, structures and enters into equity derivative transactions, and engages in proprietary trading; and
 
    Principal Investments. Principal Investments primarily represents net revenues from the firm’s merchant banking investments.

Asset Management and Securities Services

The Asset Management and Securities Services segment includes services related to the following:

    Asset Management. Asset Management generates management fees by providing investment advisory services to a diverse client base of institutions and individuals;
 
    Securities Services. Securities Services includes prime brokerage, financing services and securities lending, and the firm’s matched book businesses, all of which generate revenues primarily in the form of interest rate spreads or fees; and
 
    Commissions. Commissions includes fees from executing and clearing client transactions on major stock, options and futures markets worldwide. Commissions also includes revenues from the increased share of the income and gains derived from the firm’s merchant banking funds when the return on a fund’s investments exceeds certain threshold returns.

Basis of Presentation

In reporting segments, certain of the firm’s business lines have been aggregated where they have similar economic characteristics and are similar in each of the following areas: (i) the nature of the services they provide, (ii) their methods of distribution, (iii) the types of clients they serve and (iv) the regulatory environments in which they operate.

The cost structures of each of the firm’s segments are broadly similar to that of the firm taken as a whole in that they are primarily influenced by discretionary compensation, headcount and levels of business activity. The firm’s overall compensation and benefits expenses are generally targeted at 50% (plus or minus a few percentage points) of consolidated net revenues. A substantial portion of the firm’s compensation expense represents discretionary bonuses. Compensation expense within a segment reflects, among other factors, the overall performance of the firm as well as the performance of the individual business unit.

The firm allocates revenues and expenses among the three segments. Due to the integrated nature of the business segments, estimates and judgments have been made in allocating certain revenue and expense items. Transactions between segments are based on specific criteria or approximate third-party rates. Total operating expenses include corporate items that have not been allocated to individual business segments. The allocation process is based on the manner in which management views the business of the firm.

The segment information presented in the table below is prepared according to the following methodologies:

    Revenues and expenses directly associated with each segment are included in determining pre-tax earnings.
 
    Net revenues in the firm’s segments include allocations of interest income and interest expense to specific securities, commodities and other positions in relation to the cash generated by, or funding requirements of, the underlying positions. Net interest is included within segment net revenues as it is consistent with the way in which management assesses segment performance.
 
    Overhead expenses not directly allocable to specific segments are allocated ratably based on direct segment expenses.
 
    The nonrecurring expenses associated with the firm’s acquisition awards and conversion to corporate form and related transactions are not allocated to individual segments as management excludes them in evaluating segment performance.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Segment Operating Results

Management believes that the following information provides a reasonable representation of each segment’s contribution to consolidated pre-tax earnings and total assets:

                                 
            As of and for Year Ended November
           
            2002   2001   2000
           
 
 
            (in millions)
Investment Banking
  Net revenues(1)   $ 2,830     $ 3,836     $ 5,371  
 
  Operating expenses(2)     2,454       3,117       3,645  
             
     
     
 
  Pre-tax earnings   $ 376     $ 719     $ 1,726  
             
     
     
 
  Segment assets   $ 4,555     $ 3,938     $ 2,333  
             
     
     
Trading and
  Net revenues(1)   $ 5,249     $ 6,349     $ 6,627  
Principal Investments
  Operating expenses(2)     4,273       5,134       4,199  
             
     
     
 
  Pre-tax earnings   $ 976     $ 1,215     $ 2,428  
             
     
     
 
  Segment assets   $ 184,895     $ 164,965     $ 143,900  
             
     
     
Asset Management
  Net revenues(1)   $ 5,907     $ 5,626     $ 4,592  
and Securities Services
  Operating expenses(2)     3,794       3,501       3,008  
             
     
     
 
  Pre-tax earnings   $ 2,113     $ 2,125     $ 1,584  
             
     
     
 
  Segment assets   $ 165,328     $ 142,477     $ 137,091  
             
     
     
Total
  Net revenues(1)   $ 13,986     $ 15,811     $ 16,590  
 
  Operating expenses(2)(3)     10,733       12,115       11,570  
             
     
     
 
  Pre-tax earnings   $ 3,253     $ 3,696     $ 5,020  
             
     
     
 
  Total assets(4)   $ 355,574     $ 312,218     $ 284,410  
             
     
     

(1)   Net revenues include net interest as set forth in the table below:
                                          
    Year Ended November
   
    2002   2001   2000
   
 
 
    (in millions)
Investment Banking
  $ 258     $ 159     $ 32  
Trading and Principal Investments
    1,186       95       99  
Asset Management and Securities Services
    957       1,039       855  
     
     
     
Total net interest
  $ 2,401     $ 1,293     $ 986  
     
     
     
(2)   Operating expenses include depreciation and amortization, including the amortization of goodwill and intangible assets, as set forth in the table below:
                                          
    Year Ended November
   
    2002   2001   2000
   
 
 
    (in millions)
Investment Banking
  $ 140     $ 172     $ 148  
Trading and Principal Investments
    293       386       188  
Asset Management and Securities Services
    311       315       150  
     
     
     
Total depreciation and amortization
  $ 744     $ 873     $ 486  
     
     
     
(3)   Includes the following expenses that have not been allocated to the firm’s segments: (i) amortization of employee initial public offering awards of $212 million, $363 million and $428 million for the years ended November 2002, November 2001 and November 2000, respectively, and (ii) nonrecurring acquisition awards of $290 million related to the firm’s combination with SLK for the year ended November 2000.
 
(4)   Includes deferred tax assets relating to the firm’s conversion to corporate form and certain assets that management believes are not allocable to a particular segment.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The following table sets forth the net revenues of the firm’s three segments:

                         
    Year Ended November
   
    2002   2001   2000
   
 
 
    (in millions)
Financial Advisory
  $ 1,499     $ 2,070     $ 2,592  
Underwriting
    1,331       1,766       2,779  
     
     
     
 
Total Investment Banking
    2,830       3,836       5,371  
     
     
     
 
FICC
    4,470       4,047       3,004  
Equities
    1,008       2,923       3,489  
Principal Investments
    (229 )     (621 )     134  
     
     
     
 
Total Trading and Principal Investments
    5,249       6,349       6,627  
     
     
     
 
Asset Management
    1,653       1,473       1,345  
Securities Services
    981       1,133       940  
Commissions
    3,273       3,020       2,307  
     
     
     
 
Total Asset Management and Securities Services
    5,907       5,626       4,592  
     
     
     
 
Total net revenues
  $ 13,986     $ 15,811     $ 16,590  
     
     
     
 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Geographic Information

Due to the highly integrated nature of international financial markets, the firm manages its businesses based on the profitability of the enterprise as a whole. Accordingly, management believes that profitability by geographic region is not necessarily meaningful. The firm’s revenues, expenses and identifiable assets are generally allocated based on the country of domicile of the legal entity providing the service.

The following table sets forth the total net revenues, pre-tax earnings and identifiable assets of the firm and its consolidated subsidiaries by geographic region allocated on the basis described above:

                           
      As of or for Year Ended November
     
      2002   2001   2000
     
 
 
      (in millions)
Net revenues
                       
 
United States
  $ 8,643     $ 10,181     $ 9,767  
 
Other Americas
    342       234       189  
 
United Kingdom
    2,991       3,483       4,400  
 
Other Europe
    479       473       622  
 
Asia
    1,531       1,440       1,612  
     
     
     
Total net revenues
  $ 13,986     $ 15,811     $ 16,590  
     
     
     
Pre-tax earnings
                       
 
United States
  $ 1,973     $ 2,487     $ 2,845  
 
Other Americas
    170       191       104  
 
United Kingdom
    525       665       1,882  
 
Other Europe
    173       241       391  
 
Asia
    624       475       516  
 
Other(1)
    (212 )     (363 )     (718 )
     
     
     
Total pre-tax earnings
  $ 3,253     $ 3,696     $ 5,020  
     
     
     
Identifiable assets
                       
 
United States
  $ 389,096     $ 337,061     $ 287,938  
 
Other Americas
    7,521       5,985       7,791  
 
United Kingdom
    144,608       131,812       121,257  
 
Other Europe
    8,573       8,129       7,979  
 
Asia
    25,422       25,367       16,848  
 
Eliminations and other(2)
    (219,646 )     (196,136 )     (157,403 )
     
     
     
Total identifiable assets
  $ 355,574     $ 312,218     $ 284,410  
     
     
     

(1)   Includes the following expenses that have not been allocated to the firm’s segments: (i) amortization of employee initial public offering awards of $212 million, $363 million and $428 million for the years ended November 2002, November 2001 and November 2000, respectively, and (ii) non-recurring acquisition awards of $290 million related to the firm’s combination with SLK for the year ended November 2000.
 
(2)   Reflects eliminations and certain assets that are not allocable to a particular geographic region.

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