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Financial instruments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Financial instruments:

Financial instruments are either measured at amortized cost or fair value.

In the normal course of business, the Company's assets, liabilities and forecasted transactions, as reported in U.S. dollars, are impacted by various market risks including, but not limited to, natural gas prices and currency exchange rates. The time frame and manner in which the Company manages those risks varies for each item based on the Company's assessment of the risk and the available alternatives for mitigating risks.

The Company uses derivatives as part of its risk management program to mitigate variability associated with changing market values. Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments are recorded in earnings unless the instruments are designated as cash flow hedges, in which case the changes in fair value are recorded in other comprehensive income and are reclassified to profit or loss or accumulated other comprehensive income when the underlying hedged transaction is recognized in earnings or inventory. The Company designates as cash flow hedges certain derivative financial instruments to hedge its risk exposure to fluctuations in natural gas prices and to hedge its risk exposure to fluctuations on certain foreign-currency-denominated transactions.

The following table provides the carrying value of each category of financial assets and liabilities and the related balance sheet item:


As at	Dec 31 2024		Dec 31 2023
Financial assets:
Financial assets measured at fair value:
Derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges 1	$	128,414	$	121,108
Fair value of Egypt gas supply contract derivative 2	14,341		20,402
Fair value of New Zealand gas supply contract derivative 3	8,713		—
Financial assets not measured at fair value:
Cash and cash equivalents	891,910		458,015
Trade and other receivables, excluding tax receivable	454,278		514,739
Restricted cash included in other assets	14,305		15,772

Total financial assets 4	$	1,511,961	$	1,130,036
Financial liabilities:
Financial liabilities measured at fair value:
Derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges 1	$	36,811	$	91,653
Financial liabilities not measured at fair value:
Trade, other payables and accrued liabilities, excluding tax payable	429,737		672,237
Lease obligations, including current portion	818,205		872,120
Long-term debt, including current portion	2,414,935		2,141,801
Land mortgage	27,483		28,014
Total financial liabilities	$	3,727,171	$	3,805,825

1 The Geismar natural gas hedges and euro foreign currency hedges designated as cash flow hedges are measured at fair value based on industry accepted valuation models and inputs obtained from active markets.

2 The Egypt natural gas supply contract is measured at fair value using a Monte-Carlo model classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

3 The New Zealand natural gas supply contract is measured at fair value using an economic model classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

4 The carrying amount of the financial assets represents the maximum exposure to credit risk at the respective reporting periods.

As at December 31, 2024, all of the financial instruments were recorded on the consolidated statements of financial position at amortized cost with the exception of derivative financial instruments, which were recorded at fair value unless exempted.

The fair value of derivative instruments is determined based on industry-accepted valuation models using market observable inputs and are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and those using significant unobservable inputs classified as Level 3. The fair value of all of the Company's derivative contracts as presented in the consolidated statements of financial position are determined based on present values and the discount rates used are adjusted for credit risk. The effective portion of the changes in fair value of derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges is recorded in other comprehensive income. The spot element of forward contracts in the hedging relationships is recorded in other comprehensive income as the change in fair value of cash flow hedges. The change in the fair value of the forward element of forward contracts is recorded in other comprehensive income as the forward element excluded from the hedging relationships. Once a commodity hedge settles, the amount realized during the period and not recognized immediately in the statement of income is reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (equity) to inventory and ultimately through cost of goods sold. Foreign currency hedges settled, are realized during the period directly to the statement of income reclassified from the statement of other comprehensive income.

Until settled, the fair value of Level 2 derivative financial instruments will fluctuate based on changes in commodity prices or foreign currency exchange rates and the fair value of Level 3 derivative financial instruments will fluctuate based on changes in the observable and unobservable valuation model inputs.

North American natural gas forward contracts

The Company manages its exposure to changes in natural gas prices for a portion of its North American natural gas requirements by executing a number of fixed price forward contracts: both financial and physical.

The Company has entered into forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges to manage its exposure to changes in natural gas prices for Geismar. Natural gas is fungible across the Geismar plants. Other costs incurred to transport natural gas from the contracted delivery point, Henry Hub, to the relevant production facility represent an insignificant portion of the overall underlying risk and are recognized as incurred outside of the hedging relationship. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company reclassified $11.7 million (2023 - nil) from other comprehensive income to cost of sales and operating expenses within the statement of income on discontinuation of the hedging relationship for certain gas forward contracts where the hedged future cash flows were no longer highly probable to occur.


As at	Dec 31 2024		Dec 31 2023
Maturities	2025-2032		2024-2032
Notional quantity 1	310,520		347,190
Notional quantity per day, annualized 1	50 - 210		50 - 170
Notional amount	$	1,048,973	$	1,183,319
Net fair value	$	89,632	$	29,925

1 In thousands of Million British Thermal Units (MMBtu)

Information regarding the gross amounts of the Company's natural gas forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges in the audited consolidated statements of financial position is as follows:


As at	Dec 31 2024		Dec 31 2023
Other current assets	$	25,760	$	470
Other non-current assets	100,683		120,638
Other current liabilities	(14,708)		(60,532)
Other long-term liabilities	(22,103)		(30,651)
Net fair value	$	89,632	$	29,925

For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company reclassified a loss of $76.0 million (2023 - loss of $22.5 million) for natural gas hedge settlements from accumulated other comprehensive income. Realized gains and losses related to settlements of natural gas hedges are presented separately within the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity.

Euro forward exchange contracts

The Company manages its foreign currency exposure to euro denominated sales by executing a number of forward contracts which it has designated as cash flow hedges for its highly probable forecast euro collections. The Company has elected to designate the spot element of the forward contracts as cash flow hedges. The forward element of the forward contracts are excluded from the designation and only the spot element is considered for the purpose of assessing effectiveness and measuring ineffectiveness. The excluded forward element of the swap contracts will be accounted for as a cost of hedging (transaction cost) to be recognized in profit or loss over the term of the hedging relationships. Ineffectiveness may arise in the hedging relationship due to changes in the timing of the anticipated transactions and/or due to changes in credit risk of the hedging instrument not replicated in the hedged item. No hedge ineffectiveness has been recognized in 2024 or 2023.

As at December 31, 2024, the Company had outstanding forward exchange contracts designated as cash flow hedges to sell a notional amount of 29.7 million euros (2023 - 12.2 million euros). The euro contracts had a positive fair value of $2.0 million included in Other current assets (2023 - negative fair value of $0.5 million included in Other current liabilities).

For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company reclassified a gain of $3.6 million (2023 - loss of $3.1 million) for foreign currency hedge settlements from other comprehensive income.

Changes in cash flow hedges and excluded forward element

Information regarding the impact of changes in cash flow hedges and cost of hedging reserve in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income is as follows:


For the years ended December 31	2024		2023
Change in fair value of cash flow hedges	$	187,921	$	(276,619)
Forward element excluded from hedging relationships	(211,132)		(33,837)
	$	(23,211)	$	(310,456)

Fair value - Level 2 instruments

The table below shows the nominal cash outflows for derivative hedging instruments including natural gas forward contracts and forward exchange contracts, excluding credit risk adjustments, based upon contracted settlement dates. The amounts reflect the maturity profile of the hedging instruments and are subject to change based on the prevailing market rate at each of the future settlement dates. Financial asset derivative positions, if any, are held with investment-grade counterparties and therefore the settlement day risk exposure is considered to be negligible.


As at	Dec 31 2024		Dec 31 2023
Within one year	$	15,038	$	65,034
1-3 years	5,808		17,771
3-5 years	4,330		5,537
More than 5 years	20,459		11,378
	$	45,635	$	99,720

The fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as disclosed above are determined based on Bloomberg quoted market prices, which are adjusted for credit risk.

The Company is exposed to credit-related losses in the event of non-performance by counterparties to derivative financial instruments but does not expect any counterparties to fail to meet their obligations. The Company deals with only highly rated investment-grade counterparties. The Company is exposed to credit risk when there is a positive fair value of derivative financial instruments at a reporting date. The maximum amount that would be at risk if the counterparties to derivative financial instruments with positive fair values failed completely to perform under the contracts was $128.4 million as at December 31, 2024 (2023 - $121.1 million).

The carrying values of the Company’s financial instruments approximate their fair values, except as follows:


As at	December 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Carrying value		Fair value		Carrying value		Fair value
Long-term debt excluding deferred financing fees	$	2,437,286	$	2,348,705	$	2,156,534	$	2,063,661

Long-term debt consists of limited recourse debt facilities and unsecured notes. There is no publicly traded market for the limited recourse debt facilities. The fair value of the limited recourse debt facilities as disclosed on a recurring basis and categorized as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy is estimated by reference to current market rates as at the reporting date. The fair value of the unsecured notes disclosed on a recurring basis and also categorized as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy is estimated using quoted prices and yields as at the reporting date. The fair value of the Company’s long term debt will fluctuate until maturity.

Fair value - Level 3 instrument - Egyptian natural gas supply contract

The Company holds a long-term natural gas supply contract expiring in 2035 with the Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company ("EGAS"), a State-Owned enterprise in Egypt. The natural gas supply contract includes a base fixed price plus a premium based on the realized price of methanol for the full volume of natural gas to supply the plant through 2035. As a result of the amendment in 2022, the contract is being treated as a derivative measured at fair value.

There is no observable, liquid spot market or forward curve for natural gas in Egypt. In addition, there are limited observable prices for natural gas in Egypt as all natural gas purchases and sales are controlled by the government and the observed prices differ based on the produced output or usage.

Due to the absence of an observable market price for an equivalent or similar contract to measure fair value, the contract's fair value is estimated using a Monte-Carlo model. The Monte-Carlo model includes significant unobservable inputs and as a result is classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. We consider market participant assumptions in establishing the model inputs and determining fair value, including adjusting the base fixed price and methanol based premium at the valuation date to consider estimates of inflation since contract inception.

At December 31, 2024 the fair value of the derivative associated with the remaining term of the natural gas supply contract is $14.3 million (2023 - $20.4 million) recorded in Other assets. Changes in fair value of the contract are recognized in Finance income and other expenses.

The table presents the Level 3 inputs and the sensitivities of the Monte-Carlo model valuation to changes in these inputs:


	Sensitivities
Valuation input	Input value or range	Change in input	Resulting change in valuation
Methanol price volatility (before impact of mean reversion)	35%	+/- 5%	$+/-6 million
Methanol price forecast	$360 - $430 per MT	+/- $25 per MT	$-4/+5 million
Discount rate	7.5%	+/- 1%	$+/-1 million

It is possible that the assumptions used in establishing fair value amounts will differ from future outcomes and the impact of such variations could be material.

Fair value - Level 3 instrument - New Zealand natural gas supply contract

The Company holds a long-term natural gas supply contract expiring in 2029 with OMV New Zealand ("OMV"), one of the largest gas suppliers in New Zealand. The natural gas supply contract includes a base fixed price plus a premium based on the realized price of methanol.

During 2024, the Company entered into short-term commercial arrangements to provide its contracted natural gas into the New Zealand electricity market (Refer to note 25 - New Zealand gas sale proceeds). The on-sale of natural gas has impacted the accounting assessment for the contract whereby it is now considered a derivative to be measured at fair value.

The New Zealand wholesale gas market is relatively small and concentrated as there are a limited number of suppliers and consumers. There is a limited observable, liquid spot market and no forward curve for natural gas in New Zealand. The gas trading platform used to facilitate short-term balance in the gas market trades inconsequential volumes relative to the scope of the Company’s gas consumption and the overall gas market. The Company does not believe transactions on this platform take place with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information.

Due to the absence of an observable market price for an equivalent or similar contract to measure fair value, we have estimated fair value using an economic model. The model includes significant unobservable inputs and as a result is classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. We have considered market participant assumptions in establishing the model inputs and determining fair value, including potential sharing mechanisms for gas on-sales to consider the change in the local market gas supply and demand dynamics since contract inception.

At December 31, 2024 the fair value associated with the remaining term of the natural gas supply contract including consideration of on-sales is $8.7 million recorded in Other non-current assets. Changes in fair value of the contract are recognized in Finance income and other expenses.

The table presents the Level 3 inputs and the sensitivities of the economic model valuation to changes in these inputs:


	Sensitivities
Valuation input	Input value or range	Change in input	Resulting change in valuation
New Zealand forward electricity pricing	$65 - $235 NZD$/MWH	+/- $50 NZD/MWH	$-/+ 0.3 million
Methanol price forecast	$300 - $360 per MT	+/- $25 per MT	$-/+0.3 million
Natural gas availability	Annual estimates based on third party forecasts	+/-10%	$+/- 2 million

It is possible that the assumptions used in establishing fair value amounts will differ from future outcomes and the impact of such variations could be material.