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Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]
NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:

Basis of consolidation -

The consolidated financial statements comprise the accounts of IntegraMed America, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries. We are currently organized and report our operations along two distinct product lines, our Attain Fertility Centers segment and our Vein Clinics segment.

In our Attain Fertility Centers  Segment, we derive our revenues from business service contracts with independent fertility centers; fees assessed to patients enrolling in our Attain IVF programs; fees assessed to affiliated fertility clinics; and referral fees derived from fertility patient financing products. Our Vein Clinics Segment derives revenues from billings to patients and third party payers for treatment services rendered based upon the amount billed to the patient or their payer less any expected contractual allowances resulting from specified rates contained within payer contracts.

We evaluate whether we should report the results of the clinical operations in which we have management service contracts in accordance with ASC 810. Since we do not have a controlling financial interest in any of the fertility medical practices to which we provide services, and we are not the primary beneficiary or obligor of their financial results (our contracts provide for the physician owners of the clinics to receive any excess or deficit of profits), we do not consolidate their results. This is further supported by the facts that the physician owners of the clinics have the voting rights with respect to the entity and sufficient equity interests to fund their entity.  We do have effective voting control and a controlling financial interest in the operations of each of the vein clinics, where we are the primary beneficiary and obligor of their financial results (our contracts provide for us to receive any excess or deficit of profits) and therefore consolidate the results of those clinic operations. Accordingly, we report the revenue for patient services only from the vein clinic segment and those fertility patients who enroll in the Attain IVF programs. (included in our Attain Fertility Centers segment).

Revenue Recognition -

Attain Fertility Centers - Partner service fees

Generally under our current fertility Partner agreements, we receive as compensation for our services a three-part fee comprised of: (i) a tiered percentage of the fertility center’s net revenues, (ii) reimbursed costs of services (costs incurred in servicing a fertility center and any costs paid on behalf of the fertility center) and (iii) either a fixed percentage ranging from 10% to 20%, or a fixed dollar amount  of the fertility center’s earnings after service fees, which may be subject to further limits. However, under one of our current Partner agreements, we do not receive a three-part fee. Rather, effective as of November 1, 2009, we receive a fee that is generally equal to the operating expenses associated with managing that centers medical practice plus a fixed percentage of those expenses.

All revenues from Partner contracts are recorded in the period services are rendered. Direct costs incurred by us in performing our services and costs incurred on behalf of the medical practices are reported as costs of services. Revenue and costs are recognized in the same period in which the related services have been performed.

Attain Fertility Centers – Attain IVF Programs

The Attain IVF Programs consist of fertility treatment packages that includes a fixed number of treatment cycles for one fixed price. We receive payment directly from consumers who qualify for the program and the patient contracts with us to provide the medical treatment.  We discharge the obligation of patient treatment by arranging with affiliated fertility clinics for the provision of patient care.  We pay contracted fertility centers a defined reimbursement for each treatment cycle performed. Since we are  the primary obligor in the arrangement, has latitude in establishing the price, performs a portion of the contracted service, has discretion in supplier selection, the amount earned by us per transaction is not fixed and the patient looks to us as the contracting party, these arrangements qualify for gross accounting under ASC 605.  We have two principal programs in this program, the Attain IVF Refund Program and the Attain IVF Multi-Cycle Program.

Under our Attain IVF Refund Program, by contract, a portion of the enrollment fee (generally 30%) is non-refundable and is recognized as revenue based on the relative fair value of each treatment cycle completed relative to the total fair value of the contracted treatment package available to the patient, following the guidance of ASC 605. The remaining revenue, which consists of the 70% refundable portion as well as any part of the 30% non-refundable portion not yet recognized as revenue, is recorded upon the patient becoming pregnant and achieving a fetal heartbeat (most of the patients that are pregnant at this point go on to deliver a baby).  We are able to record income at the time of pregnancy as we have substantially completed our obligation to the patient, discharged the patient from the care of the fertility specialists,  and we can accurately estimate the amount of expenses and refunds that will become due if there is a pregnancy loss.  We are able to make these estimates for pregnancy loss based upon reliable Company specific data with respect to the large homogeneous population we have served for more than seven years. Expenses prior to pregnancy related to the program and principally paid to the affiliated fertility clinic are recorded as incurred.

Accordingly, at each balance sheet date, we have established a liability for patients in the Attain IVF Refund Program for the following:

1.  
Deposits for customers who have not yet begun treatment and for whom no revenue has been recognized (we expect such amounts to be recognized as income or refunded within twelve to eighteen months)

2.  
Refund reserve for those patients who became pregnant, but may  not deliver a baby (See Note 12)

3.  
Medical costs associated with additional treatments to a patient who became pregnant, did not deliver a baby and still has additional treatments available under their treatment package.  (See Note 12)

The table below presents the balances of each of these liabilities as of the respective dates (000’s):

   
December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
             
Deposits or refundable fees
  $ 13,918     $ 13,691  
Refund reserve for pregnant patients
    238       386  
Medical cost reserve
    393       431  

Due to the characteristics of the program, we assume the risk for a patient’s treatment cost in excess of their enrollment fee should initial treatment cycles be unsuccessful.  In order to moderate and manage this risk, we have developed a sophisticated statistical model and case management program in which Attain IVF patients are medically pre-approved prior to enrollment in the program. We also continuously review their clinical criteria as they undergo treatment.  If, while undergoing treatment, a patient’s clinical response falls outside our criteria for participation in the Attain IVF program, we have the right to remove that individual from the program, with an applicable refund to the patient. To date, our case management process has been effective in managing the risks associated with our Attain IVF program within expected limits.  A patient may withdraw from the program at anytime and will be issued a refund.

Patients enrolled in our Attain IVF Multi-Cycle Program pay us a single fee, which is slightly less than the average cost of two fresh IVF cycles, in return for up to four treatment cycles (consisting of two fresh IVF cycles and two frozen embryo transfers). With respect to our Attain IVF Multi-Cycle Program, we recognize a pro rata share of the contract amount as revenue as each treatment cycle is completed based on the relative fair value of each treatment cycle completed relative to the total value of the treatment package. The refundable portion of the program contract amount is recognized as revenue when the patient becomes pregnant (as determined by a fetal heartbeat). Under such revenue recognition methodology, we never recognize more revenue than the potential refundable amount under the program. At the time of pregnancy, we establish a reserve for future medical costs should the patient miscarry and require additional contracted treatment cycles.

Attain Fertility Centers - Patient Financing

A fertility treatment cycle can be an expensive process for which many patients do not have full medical insurance coverage. As a service to these patients, we can arrange financing to qualified patients of our network at rates significantly lower than credit cards and other finance companies. Our financing operations are administered by a third-party vendor and loans are made to qualified patients by an independent bank or finance organization. We are not at risk for loan losses and receive a placement fee from the lender involved.  Since many financing transactions are closely associated with our Attain IVF Programs, financing revenues, which we receive and record at the time the loans are closed, are reported as part of the Attain Fertility Centers segment’s revenues.

Attain Fertility Centers - Affiliate Service Fee

Under our Affiliate agreements, we receive as compensation for our services a fixed fee dependent upon the level of service provided. All revenues and costs from Affiliate contracts are recorded in the period services are rendered.

Vein Clinics – Patient Revenues and Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts

Our relationship with the individual medical practices comprising our Vein Clinics Division meets the test for consolidation under ASC 810. Among these tests is the fact that we hold a controlling financial interest in the medical practices, we are the primary beneficiary of the results of the practices and we are obligated to absorb any losses of the practices. As a result of these relationships, we consolidate the medical practice’s patient revenues in

our consolidated financial statements. These revenues are derived from the treatment of individual patients and revenue is recognized when the services are performed, net of allowance for contractual discounts.

The medical practices have agreements with third-party payers that provide for payments at amounts different from established rates.  Payment arrangements include prospectively determined rates for reimbursed cost and discounted charges.  Revenue is reported at the estimated net realizable amounts from patients and third-party payers.

A summary of the payment arrangements with major third-party payers follows:

·  
Medicare: All outpatient services related to Medicare beneficiaries are paid based on a fixed physician fee schedule per service which is updated annually. 

·  
Managed care: Payment terms under managed care health plans are based primarily on prior  contractual arrangements, such as predetermined rates per diagnosis, per diem rates or discounted fee for service rates.

Approximately 16% and 15% respectively, of gross patient revenues of the Vein Clinics Division for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, related to services rendered to patients covered by the Medicare program.

Laws and regulations governing the Medicare program are complex and subject to interpretation.  Management believes that it is in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations and is not aware of any pending or threatened investigations involving allegations of potential wrongdoing.  While no such regulatory inquiries have been made, compliance with such laws and regulations can be subject to future government review and interpretation. 

Our accounts receivable are primarily comprised of patient and third-party receivables arising from services provided by our Vein Clinics Division. Receivables due directly from patients are carried at the original charge for the service provided less an estimated allowance for uncollectible amounts. Reserves for uncollectible amounts are determined based on historical collection performance data and are reviewed and adjusted monthly as necessary.

Vein Clinics – Deferred Compensation Arrangements

The professional corporations providing medical services at the clinics have entered into employment agreements with physicians at clinic sites providing for multi-year bonus compensation to be accumulated over a physician’s first five years of employment.  Accumulated balances are paid out during the years following this period, or after specific performance targets have been met.  These obligations are funded in physician designated investment accounts on a quarterly basis.  At December 31, 2011 and 2010, these balances totaled approximately $1,137,000 and $1,413,000, respectively, and are recorded in accrued liabilities.

Intangible and Long-Lived Assets

Our intangible assets are comprised of Business Service Rights associated with our fertility Partner contracts, Goodwill associated with our acquisition of Vein Clinics of America, Inc., and Trademarks, also associated with our Vein Clinic acquisition.

Business service rights represent payments we made for the right to service certain fertility centers. Certain business service rights are refundable from the medical practice at termination of the underlying contracts. We amortize our non-refundable Business Service Rights on a straight-line basis over the life of the underlying contract, usually ten to twenty five years. Our refundable Business Service Rights are not amortized as they are contractually reimbursable from the medical practice upon termination of the underlying contract. Our Goodwill and Trademark assets associated with the Vein Clinics of America, Inc. acquisition are deemed to have indefinite lives and are therefore not amortized.

We evaluate our intangible and long-lived assets for impairment on a regular basis in accordance with ASC 350. If we were to incur an impairment loss, it may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations for the year in which the impairment is recorded. As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, none of our long lived assets were deemed to be impaired.

Use of Estimates –

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The use of estimates and assumptions in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements is primarily related to the determination of accounts receivable reserves as well as refunds due to pregnancy losses and subsequent medical costs within our Attain IVF programs.

Due to Fertility Medical Practices -

Due to Medical Practices represents the net amounts owed by us to contracted medical practices in our Fertility Partner Program. This balance is comprised of amounts due to us by the medical practices for funds which we advanced for use in financing their accounts receivable and other selected transactions, less balances owed to the medical practices by us for undistributed physician earnings and patient deposits we hold on behalf of the medical practices.

Cash and cash equivalents -

Cash and cash equivalents primarily include unrestricted cash balances and certificates of deposits with original maturities of one year or less, recorded at cost, which approximates market.

Prepaid Marketing-

Prepaid marketing consists of two items, those expenses which relate to the following period which were paid prior to the end of the current period, and direct response advertising costs, which we capitalize and then expense over the life of the expected benefit from the advertising costs in accordance with ASC 720.

Concentrations of credit risk -

Financial instruments, which potentially expose us to concentrations of credit risk, consist primarily of trade receivables from patients and third-party payers which totaled approximately $7.0 million and $9.7 million as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Our related reserves for uncollectible accounts totaled $0.7 million and $2.5 million as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively (see Note 6).

Income taxes -

We account for income taxes utilizing the asset and liability approach in accordance with FASB ASC 740 “Income Taxes.”  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized on differences between the book and tax basis of assets and liabilities using presently enacted tax rates. The income tax provision is the sum of the amount of income tax paid or payable for the year as determined by applying the provisions of enacted tax laws to the taxable income for that year and the net change during the year in our deferred tax assets and liabilities. (See Note 16).

Earnings per share -

We determine earnings per share in accordance with ASC 260.  Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period.  Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares, and potential common shares, outstanding during the reporting period.  (See Note 17)

Fair value of financial instruments -

The fair value of a financial instrument, such as notes payable, represents the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced sale or liquidation. Significant differences can arise between the fair value and carrying amounts of financial instruments that are recorded at historical cost amounts. We believe that the carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents approximate fair value due to their short-term nature.

As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, the carrying amount of our long-term liabilities approximates the fair value of such instruments based upon our best estimate of interest rates that would be available to us for similar debt obligations with similar maturities.

New accounting pronouncements -

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Presentation of Comprehensive Income (ASU No. 2011-05)

In June 2011 the FASB issued a new accounting standard on presenting comprehensive income with the intention of increasing its prominence in financial statements by eliminating the option to report other comprehensive income and its components in the statement of changes in stockholder’s equity. The standard requires comprehensive income to be reported in either a single statement that presents the components of net income, the components of other comprehensive income, and total comprehensive income, or in two consecutive statements. The standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011 for public companies. We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Goodwill for Impairment (ASU No. 2011-08)

The FASB’s recently issued accounting standard simplifies the goodwill impairment assessment for some circumstances because it permits a company to make a qualitative assessment of whether goodwill impairment exists before applying the two-step goodwill impairment test.  If the conclusion from the qualitative assessment is that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the company would be required to conduct the current two-step goodwill impairment test. Otherwise, it would not need to apply the two-step test. The new standard is effective for public and nonpublic companies for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests performed in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011.  We have adopted early the relevant provisions of ASU 2011-08 in the fourth quarter of 2011. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Health Care Entities (Topic 954): Presentation and Disclosure of Patient Service Revenue (ASU No. 2011-07)

In July 2011, the FASB issued a new accounting standard on the presentation of patient service revenue and related provisions for doubtful accounts. Under the term of this pronouncement certain health care entities are required to change the presentation of their statement of operations by reclassifying the provision for bad debts associated with patient service revenue from an operating expense to a deduction from patient service revenue (net of contractual allowances and discounts). This pronouncement is applicable to only those entities that recognize significant amounts of patient service revenue at the time services are rendered even though the entities do not assess a patient’s ability to pay. All other entities would continue to present the provision for bad debts (including bad debts associated with patient service revenue) as an operating expense. The new standard is effective for public companies effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2011.  As the patient service revenue included in our financials includes an assessment of a patient’s ability to pay, and is presented net of related contractual allowances, it is our opinion that this standard in not applicable to our statement of operations, and therefore we will continue to present the provision for bad debts as an operating expense.