11. Income Taxes

Significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities included in the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2018 and 2017 were as follows (in thousands):

	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017

Deferred tax assets:
Compensation	$	1,842		$	1,529
Allowance for doubtful accounts		600			478
Lease obligations - closed clinics		34			54
Deferred tax assets	$	2,476		$	2,061
Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation and amortization	$	(11,309	)	$	(12,590	)
Other		(179	)		(346	)
Deferred tax liabilities		(11,488	)		(12,936	)
Net deferred tax liability	$	(9,012	)	$	(10,875	)

The deferred tax assets and liabilities related to purchased interests not yet finalized may result in an immaterial adjustment.

During 2018, the Company recorded deferred tax assets of $6.6 million related to the revaluation of redeemable non-controlling interests and acquisitions of non-controlling interests. In addition, during 2018, the Company recorded an adjustment to the deferred tax assets of $0.1 million as a result of a detailed reconciliation of its federal and state taxes payable and receivable accounts along with its federal and state deferred tax asset and liability accounts with its federal and state tax returns for 2017. The offset to this adjustment was a reduction in the previously report federal income tax payable of $1.2 million, a decrease in the previously reported state income tax receivable of $0.8 million and a decrease in the current year provision for income taxes of $0.5 million. As of December 31, 2018, the Company has a federal income tax receivable of $0.9 million and state tax receivables of $1.3 million. The tax receivables are included in other current assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

As a result of TCJA, the Company revalued its deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2017. Based on a review and analysis as of December 31, 2017, the Company estimated a reduction of its net deferred tax liabilities by $4.3 million thereby reducing its provision for income taxes by such amount for the 2017 year. Also during 2017, the Company recorded an adjustment to the deferred tax assets having the effect of reducing its net deferred tax liability of $1.2 million related to acquisitions of non-controlling interests in 2017 based on a detailed reconciliation of its federal and state taxes payable and receivable accounts along with its federal and state deferred tax asset and liability accounts. The offset to this adjustment was a reduction in the previously reported tax receivable of approximately $1.7 million and a charge to current year provision for income taxes of $0.3 million. At December 31, 2017, the Company had a federal income tax payable of $2.8 million (included in current liabilities – accrued expenses on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet) and a state income tax receivable of $2.2 million. The tax receivables are included in other current assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

The differences between the federal tax rate and the Company’s effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were as follows (in thousands):

	December 31, 2018					December 31, 2017					December 31, 2016
U. S. tax at statutory rate	$	9,710		21.0	%	$	9,900		35.0	%	$	11,351		35.0	%
Tax legislation adjustment		-		0.0	%		(4,325	)	(15.3	)%		-		-
State income taxes, net of federal benefit and tax reform		1,722		3.7	%		1,060		3.7	%		945		2.9	%
Excess equity compensation deduction		(806	)	(1.7	)%		(1,139	)	(4.0	)%		(911	)	(2.8	)%
Non-deductible expenses		743		1.6	%		560		2.0	%		495		1.5	%
Other		-		0.0	%		(24	)	(0.1	)%		-		-
	$	11,369		24.6	%	$	6,032		21.3	%	$	11,880		36.6	%

Significant components of the provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were as follows (in thousands):

	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017			December 31, 2016
Current:
Federal	$	5,357	$	9,332		$	7,620
State		1,199		1,564			1,281
Total current		6,556		10,896			8,901
Deferred:
Federal		3,771		(5,233	)		2,548
State		1,042		369			431
Total deferred		4,813		(4,864	)		2,979
Total income tax provision	$	11,369	$	6,032		$	11,880

For 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company performed a detailed reconciliation of its federal and state taxes payable and receivable accounts along with its federal and state deferred tax asset and liability accounts. As a result of this detailed analysis, the Company recorded a decrease in the income tax provision of $500,000, and an increase in the income tax provision of $312,000 and $34,000 for 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. The Company considers this reconciliation process to be an annual control.

The Company is required to establish a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based upon the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income in the periods which the deferred tax assets are deductible, management believes that a valuation allowance is not required, as it is more likely than not that the results of future operations will generate sufficient taxable income to realize the deferred tax assets.

The Company’s U.S. federal returns remain open to examination for 2015 through 2017 and U.S. state jurisdictions are open for periods ranging from 2014 through 2017.

The Company does not believe that it has any significant uncertain tax positions at December 31, 2018, nor is this expected to change within the next twelve months due to the settlement and expiration of statutes of limitation.

The Company did not have any accrued interest or penalties associated with any unrecognized tax benefits nor was any interest expense recognized during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.