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Restructuring Related Activities
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
Restructuring and Related Activities Disclosure [Text Block]
NOTE H – RESTRUCTURING-RELATED ACTIVITIES

2019 Restructuring Plan

On November 15, 2018, our Board of Directors approved, and we committed to a global restructuring program (the 2019 Restructuring Plan). The 2019 Restructuring Plan is intended to support our effort to improve operating performance and meet anticipated market demands by ensuring that we are appropriately structured and resourced to deliver sustainable value to patients and customers. Key activities under the 2019 Restructuring Plan include supply chain network optimization intended to maximize our global manufacturing and distribution network capacity and building functional capabilities that support business growth. These activities were initiated in 2019, with the majority of activity expected to be complete by the end of 2022, following a one-year extension approved by our Board of Directors on February 22, 2021.

On February 22, 2021, our Board of Directors approved an extension and expansion of the 2019 Restructuring Plan to include additional cost optimization activities, including the centralization of certain functional capabilities within the international regions in which we operate, and a one-year extension of the program to complete these activities along with certain other initiatives that were delayed in 2020 due to restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. We expect the majority of activity associated with our 2019 Restructuring Plan, including the expansion, to be substantially complete by the end of 2022.
The following table provides a summary of our estimates of total pre-tax charges associated with the 2019 Restructuring Plan, including the expansion, by major type of cost, of which approximately $340 million to $440 million are expected to result in cash outlays:
Type of Cost (in millions)
Total Estimated Amount Expected to be Incurred
Restructuring charges:
Termination benefits$75-$100
Other(1)
25-50
Restructuring-related expenses:
Other(2)
275-325
 $375-$475
(1)    Consists primarily of consulting fees and costs associated with contractual cancellations.
(2)    Comprised of other costs directly related to the restructuring program, including program management, accelerated depreciation, fixed asset write-offs, and costs to transfer product lines among facilities.

2016 Restructuring Plan

On June 6, 2016, our Board of Directors approved, and we committed to a restructuring initiative (the 2016 Restructuring Plan). The 2016 Restructuring Plan was intended to develop global commercialization, technology and manufacturing capabilities in key growth markets, build on our Plant Network Optimization (PNO) strategy which is intended to simplify our manufacturing plant structure by transferring certain production lines among facilities and expand operational efficiencies in support of our operating income margin goals. Key activities under the 2016 Restructuring Plan included strengthening global infrastructure through evolving global real estate assets and workplaces, developing global commercial and technical competencies, enhancing manufacturing and distribution expertise in certain regions and continuing implementation of our PNO strategy. These activities were initiated in the second quarter of 2016 and substantially completed in 2019.

The following table provides a summary of total pre-tax charges associated with the 2016 Restructuring Plan by major type of cost, of which approximately $255 million resulted in cash outlays:
Type of cost (in millions)
Total Amount Incurred
Restructuring charges:
Termination benefits$86 
Other(1)
21 
Restructuring-related expenses:
Other(2)
164 
 $271 
(1)    Consists primarily of consulting fees and costs associated with contract cancellations.
(2)    Comprised of other costs directly related to the 2016 Restructuring Plan, including program management, accelerated depreciation, fixed asset write-offs and costs to transfer product lines among facilities.
The following presents the restructuring and restructuring-related net charges (credits) by major type and line item within our accompanying consolidated statements of operations (in millions):
Year Ended December 31, 2020Termination
Benefits		Transfer
Costs		OtherTotal
Restructuring charges$27 $— $24 $52 
Restructuring-related expenses:
Cost of products sold— 64 — 64 
Selling, general and administrative expenses— — 51 51 
Research and development expenses— — 4 4 
 — 64 55 119 
 $27 $64 $79 $171 
Year Ended December 31, 2019Termination
Benefits		Transfer
Costs		OtherTotal
Restructuring charges$38 $— $— $38 
Restructuring-related expenses:
Cost of products sold— 32 — 32 
Selling, general and administrative expenses— — 13 13 
 — 32 13 44 
 $38 $32 $13 $82 

Year Ended December 31, 2018Termination
Benefits		Transfer CostsOtherTotal
Restructuring charges$32 $— $4 $36 
Restructuring-related expenses:
Cost of products sold— 47 — 47 
Selling, general and administrative expenses— — 12 12 
 — 47 12 59 
 $32 $47 $16 $96 

LOTUS Discontinuation

On November 17, 2020, we announced a global, voluntary recall of all unused inventory of our LOTUS Edge™ Aortic Valve System, and our decision to retire the entire LOTUS platform. We estimate the decision will result in total pre-tax restructuring and restructuring-related net charges of approximately $80 million to $90 million, which includes $30 million to $40 million of estimated charges expected to result in future cash outlays. We recorded $55 million of restructuring and restructuring-related net charges associated with the product discontinuation in 2020, which is included in the table above for the year ended December 31, 2020, and expect the remaining activity to be substantially complete during early 2021.

In addition, during 2020 we recorded $119 million of inventory charges within Cost of products sold and $8 million of Intangible asset impairment charges associated with the product discontinuation.

The following table presents cumulative restructuring and restructuring-related net charges incurred as of December 31, 2020, related to our ongoing Restructuring Plans by major type:
(in millions)2016 Restructuring Plan2019 Restructuring PlanTotal
Termination benefits$86 $38 $124 
Other(1)
21 26 46 
Total restructuring charges106 64 171 
Transfer costs126 87 213 
Other(2)
39 28 66 
Restructuring-related charges164 115 279 
 $271 $179 $450 
(1)    Consists primarily of consulting fees and costs associated with contract cancellations.
(2)    Comprised of other costs directly related to our Restructuring Plans, including program management, accelerated depreciation, and fixed asset write-offs.

Cumulative cash payments associated with our ongoing Restructuring Plans were made using cash generated from operations and are comprised of the following:
(in millions)2016 Restructuring Plan2019 Restructuring PlanTotal
Termination benefits$89$12$100
Transfer costs12577202
Other412567
 $255 $114 $369