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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
NOTE C – GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The gross carrying amount of goodwill and other intangible assets and the related accumulated amortization for intangible assets subject to amortization and accumulated write-offs of goodwill are as follows:
 
As of December 31, 2019
 
As of December 31, 2018
(in millions)
Gross Carrying Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization/Write-offs
 
Gross Carrying Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization/Write-offs
Amortizable intangible assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Technology-related
$
12,020

 
$
(5,706
)
 
$
10,197

 
$
(5,266
)
Patents
525

 
(408
)
 
520

 
(393
)
Other intangible assets
1,754

 
(1,081
)
 
1,666

 
(958
)
 
$
14,299

 
$
(7,195
)
 
$
12,383

 
$
(6,617
)
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Goodwill
$
20,076

 
$
(9,900
)
 
$
17,811

 
$
(9,900
)
In-process research and development (IPR&D)
662

 
—

 
486

 
—

Technology-related
120

 
—

 
120

 
—

 
$
20,858

 
$
(9,900
)
 
$
18,417

 
$
(9,900
)


In the third quarter of 2019, we performed our annual impairment test of all IPR&D projects and our indefinite-lived core technology assets and determined that the assets were not impaired. In addition, we verified the classification as indefinite-lived assets continues to be appropriate.

Intangible asset impairment charges were $105 million in 2019, $35 million in 2018 and $4 million in 2017. Refer to Note A - Significant Accounting Policies for a discussion of key assumptions used in our goodwill and intangible asset impairment testing.

Effective January 1, 2018, we reclassified our Neuromodulation operating segment and associated goodwill balance from our MedSurg reportable segment to our Rhythm and Neuro reportable segment. This change did not impact our total goodwill carrying value.

Our seven core businesses are organized into three reportable segments: MedSurg, Rhythm and Neuro, and Cardiovascular. Following our acquisition of BTG, which closed during the third quarter of 2019, we have included BTG’s Interventional Medicine business within our Peripheral Interventions operating segment, within the Cardiovascular reportable segment. We present BTG’s Specialty Pharmaceuticals business as a standalone operating segment alongside our reportable segments.

The following represents our goodwill balance by global reportable segment and our separately reported Specialty Pharmaceuticals operating segment:
(in millions)
MedSurg
 
Rhythm and Neuro
 
Cardiovascular
 
Specialty Pharmaceuticals
 
Total
Balance as of December 31, 2017
$
2,877

 
$
417

 
$
3,704

 
$
—

 
$
6,998

Reportable segment revisions
(1,379
)
 
1,379

 
—

 
—

 
—

Foreign currency fluctuations and other changes
(3
)
 
(22
)
 
(3
)
 
—

 
(29
)
Goodwill acquired
568

 
150

 
224

 
—

 
942

Balance as of December 31, 2018
$
2,063

 
$
1,924

 
$
3,925

 
$
—

 
$
7,911

Foreign currency fluctuations and other changes
(1
)
 
—

 
58

 
9

 
66

Goodwill acquired
—

 
268

 
1,712

 
238

 
2,218

Goodwill divested
—

 
—

 
(19
)
 
—

 
(19
)
Balance as of December 31, 2019
$
2,061

 
$
2,192

 
$
5,676

 
$
247

 
$
10,176



We did not have any goodwill impairments in 2019, 2018 or 2017.

Estimated Amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years based upon our amortizable intangible asset portfolio as of December 31, 2019 is as follows (in millions):
Fiscal Year
 
2020
$
787

2021
750

2022
722

2023
708

2024
672