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Acquisitions
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2013
Acquisitions [Abstract]  
ACQUISITIONS
ACQUISITIONS
We did not close any material acquisitions during the first nine months of 2013. On November 1, 2013, we completed the acquisition of the electrophysiology business of C.R. Bard Inc., for $275 million in cash. We believe that this transaction brings a strong commercial team and complementary portfolio of ablation catheters, diagnostic tools, and electrophysiology recording systems, and will allow us to better serve the global Electrophysiology market through a more comprehensive portfolio offering and sales infrastructure.
2012 Acquisition
Cameron Health, Inc.
On June 8, 2012, we completed the acquisition of the remaining equity of Cameron Health, Inc. (Cameron). Cameron has developed the world's first and only commercially available subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator - the S-ICD® system.
Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the operating results for the acquired entity from its date of acquisition. We do not present pro forma financial information for this acquisition given the results are not material to our consolidated financial statements. Transaction costs associated with this acquisition were expensed as incurred and were not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012.
Purchase Price Allocation
The components of the Cameron purchase price as of the acquisition date were as follows (in millions):
Cash, net of cash acquired
$
134

Fair value of contingent consideration
259

Fair value of prior interests
79

Fair value of debt assumed
9

 
$
481


Prior to the acquisition, we had an equity interest in Cameron and held $40 million of notes receivable. We re-measured our previously held investments to their estimated acquisition-date fair value of $79 million and recorded a gain of $39 million in other, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations during the second quarter of 2012. We measured the fair values of the previously held investments based on the liquidation preferences and priority of the equity interests and debt, including accrued interest. In addition, we prepaid the assumed debt obligation of Cameron for approximately $9 million during the second quarter of 2012.

Total consideration includes an initial $150 million cash payment at closing of the transaction, a payment of $150 million upon FDA approval of the S-ICD® system and up to an additional $1.050 billion of potential payments upon achievement of specified revenue-based milestones through the third quarter of 2018, which represents the end of a six-year period following FDA approval. Due to our receipt of FDA approval of Cameron's S-ICD® system, we paid the related $150 million milestone payment to the former shareholders of Cameron during the fourth quarter of 2012.
The following summarizes the Cameron purchase price allocation (in millions):
Goodwill
$
314

Amortizable intangible assets
42

Indefinite-lived intangible assets
48

Other net assets
1

Deferred income taxes
76

 
$
481



We allocated a portion of the Cameron purchase price to specific intangible asset categories as follows:
 
Amount Assigned (in millions)
 
Weighted Average Amortization Period (in years)
 
Risk-Adjusted Discount Rates used in Purchase Price Allocation
Amortizable intangible assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Technology-related
40

 
11
 
14.0
%
Customer relationships
2

 
5
 
14.0
%
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Purchased research and development
48

 
 
 
14.0
%
 
90

 
 
 
 


The technology-related intangible assets consist of technical processes, intellectual property, and institutional understanding with respect to products and processes that we expect to leverage in future products or processes and carry forward from one product generation to the next. The technology-related intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis over their assigned estimated useful lives.

Purchased research and development represents the estimated fair value of acquired in-process research and development projects which have not yet reached technological feasibility. These indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if impairment indicators are present, in accordance with U.S. GAAP and our accounting policies described in our 2012 Annual Report filed on Form 10-K. Upon completion of the associated research and development efforts, we determine the useful life of the technology and begin amortizing the assets to reflect their use over their remaining lives. Upon receiving FDA approval for Cameron's S-ICD® system in September 2012, we reclassified approximately $47 million of in-process research and development (IPR&D) to technology-related amortizable intangible assets. The total estimated costs to complete the remaining IPR&D program associated with Cameron are immaterial.
We believe that the estimated intangible asset values represent the fair value at the date of acquisition and do not exceed the amount a third party would pay for the assets. We used the income approach, specifically the discounted cash flow method and excess earnings method, to derive the fair value of the amortizable intangible assets and purchased research and development. These fair value measurements are based on significant unobservable inputs, including management estimates and assumptions and, accordingly, are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy prescribed by ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures.
We recorded the excess of the aggregate purchase price over the estimated fair values of the identifiable assets acquired as goodwill, which is non-deductible for tax purposes. Goodwill was established due primarily to revenue and cash flow projections associated with future technologies, as well as synergies expected to be gained from the integration of this business into our Cardiac Rhythm Management (CRM) business and was allocated to our former geographic reportable segments based on the relative expected benefit from the business combination. Effective as of January 1, 2013, we reorganized our business from geographic regions to fully operationalized global business units. Our reorganization changed our reporting structure and changed the composition of our reporting units for goodwill impairment testing purposes. Following the reorganization, based on information regularly reviewed by our chief operating decision maker, we have three new global reportable segments consisting of: Cardiovascular, Rhythm Management, and MedSurg. See Note D - Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets for further details.

Contingent Consideration
Certain of our acquisitions involve contingent consideration arrangements. Payment of additional consideration is generally contingent on the acquired company reaching certain performance milestones, including attaining specified revenue levels, achieving product development targets or obtaining regulatory approvals. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, we recognize a liability equal to the fair value of the contingent payments we expect to make as of the acquisition date. We remeasure this liability each reporting period and record changes in the fair value through a separate line item within our consolidated statements of operations.
We recorded a net expense related to the change in fair value of our contingent consideration liabilities of $23 million in the third quarter of 2013 and a net benefit of $18 million in the first nine months of 2013, and recorded $20 million and $9 million of a net benefit during the third quarter and first nine months of 2012, respectively. We paid $100 million and $115 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2013, respectively, we did not make any payments in the third quarter of 2012 and made payments of $4 million during the first nine months of 2012. As of September 30, 2013, the maximum amount of future contingent consideration (undiscounted) that we could be required to pay is approximately $2.179 billion.
Changes in the fair value of our contingent consideration liability were as follows (in millions):
Balance as of December 31, 2012
$
(663
)
Amounts recorded to acquisition purchase accounting
(6
)
Net fair value adjustments
18

Payments made
115

Balance as of September 30, 2013
$
(536
)


Contingent consideration liabilities are remeasured to fair value each reporting period using projected revenues, discount rates, probabilities of payment and projected payment dates. The recurring Level 3 fair value measurements of our contingent consideration liability include the following significant unobservable inputs:

Contingent Consideration Liability
Fair Value as of September 30, 2013
Valuation Technique
Unobservable Input
Range
Research and Development, Regulatory and Commercialization-based Milestones
$126 million
Probability Weighted Discounted Cash Flow
Discount Rate
0.8% - 1.1%
Probability of Payment
70% - 98%
Projected Year of Payment
2013 - 2014
Revenue-based Payments
$144 million
Discounted Cash Flow
Discount Rate
12% - 18%
Probability of Payment
15% - 100%
Projected Year of Payment
2013 - 2018
$266 million
Monte Carlo
Revenue Volatility
13% - 28%
Risk Free Rate
LIBOR Term Structure
Projected Year of Payment
2013 - 2018


Increases or decreases in the fair value of our contingent consideration liability can result from changes in discount periods and rates, as well as changes in the timing and amount of revenue estimates or in the timing or likelihood of achieving regulatory-, revenue- or commercialization-based milestones. Projected contingent payment amounts related to research and development, regulatory- and commercialization-based milestones and certain revenue-based milestones are discounted back to the current period using a discounted cash flow (DCF) model. Other revenue-based payments are valued using a Monte Carlo valuation model, which simulates future revenues during the earn out-period using management's best estimates. Projected revenues are based on our most recent internal operational budgets and long-range strategic plans. Increases in projected revenues and probabilities of payment may result in higher fair value measurements. Increases in discount rates and the time to payment may result in lower fair value measurements. Increases or decreases in any of those inputs in isolation may result in a significantly lower or higher fair value measurement.