<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>

    <schemaVersion>X0508</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>4</documentType>

    <periodOfReport>2025-05-16</periodOfReport>

    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0000885590</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>Bausch Health Companies Inc.</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>BHC</issuerTradingSymbol>
    </issuer>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001187303</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>POWER ROBERT N</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>400 SOMERSET CORPORATE BLVD</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2></rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>BRIDGEWATER</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>NJ</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>08807</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>1</isDirector>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <aff10b5One>0</aff10b5One>

    <nonDerivativeTable>
        <nonDerivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Shares, No Par Value</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2025-05-16</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>A</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionTimeliness></transactionTimeliness>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>54347</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F1"/>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>0</value>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>A</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>254723</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeTransaction>
    </nonDerivativeTable>

    <footnotes>
        <footnote id="F1">Represents the award of restricted share units (&quot;RSUs&quot;) granted to non-employee directors of the Issuer on the third business day following their election at the Issuer's Annual Meeting of Shareholders. The RSUs have a grant date value equal to $250,000, vest immediately prior to the Issuer's next Annual Meeting of Shareholders, and are settled in common shares, no par value, of the Issuer.</footnote>
    </footnotes>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>/s/ Brianna M. Cetrulo, attorney-in-fact</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2025-05-20</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>
</ownershipDocument>
