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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation
Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates
The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared by the Company in U.S. dollars and in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial reporting, which do not conform in all respects to the requirements of U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements. Accordingly, these notes to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP that are contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and the Canadian Securities Administrators on February 19, 2020. The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared using accounting policies that are consistent with the policies used in preparing the Company’s audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2019, except for the new accounting guidance adopted during the period. The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position and results of operations for the interim periods. The operating results for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year.
Use of Estimates
In preparing the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions. This includes estimates and assumptions regarding the nature, timing and extent of the impacts that the COVID-19 pandemic will have on its operations and cash flows. The estimates and assumptions used by the Company affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from these estimates and the differences could be material.
On an ongoing basis, management reviews its estimates to ensure that these estimates appropriately reflect changes in the Company’s business and new information as it becomes available. If historical experience and other factors used by management to make these estimates do not reasonably reflect future activity, the Company’s results of operations and financial position could be materially impacted.
Principles of Consolidation
Principles of Consolidation
The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and those of its subsidiaries and any variable interest entities for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.
Adoption of New Accounting Guidance and Recently Issued Accounting Standards, Not Adopted as of June 30, 2020
Adoption of New Accounting Guidance
In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance on the impairment of financial instruments requiring an impairment model based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. Under this guidance, an entity recognizes as an allowance its estimate of expected credit losses. The guidance was effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2020 and was applied using a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to accumulated deficit, which resulted in an increase to accumulated deficit of less than $1 million. The application of this guidance did not have a material effect on the Company's results of operations and cash flows. The Company estimates the current expected credit loss on its receivables based on various factors, including historical credit loss experience, customer credit worthiness, value of collaterals (if any), and any relevant current and reasonably supportable future economic factors.  Additionally, the Company generally estimates the expected credit loss on a pool basis when customers are deemed to have similar risk characteristics.
In August 2018, the FASB issued guidance modifying the disclosure requirements for fair value measurement.  The guidance was effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2020.  The application of this guidance did not have a material effect on the Company's disclosures.
In March 2020, the FASB issued guidance providing optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or a reference rate that is expected to be discontinued as a result of reference rate reform.  Optional expedients are provided for contract modification accounting within the areas of receivables, debt, leases, derivatives and hedging. The optional amendments are effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020, through December 31, 2022. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company has not entered into any contract modifications in which the optional expedients were applied.  However, if prior to December 31, 2022 the Company enters into a contract modification in which the optional expedients are applied, the Company will evaluate the impact of adoption of this guidance on its financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards, Not Adopted as of June 30, 2020
In August 2018, the FASB issued guidance modifying the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans.  The guidance is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted.  The Company is evaluating the impact of adoption of this guidance on its disclosures.
In December 2019, the FASB issued guidance simplifying the accounting for income taxes.  The guidance is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted.  The Company is evaluating the impact of adoption of this guidance on the Company's financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Revenue Recognition REVENUE RECOGNITION
The Company’s revenues are primarily generated from product sales, principally in the therapeutic areas of eye-health, GI and dermatology, that consist of: (i) branded pharmaceuticals, (ii) generic and branded generic pharmaceuticals, (iii) OTC products and (iv) medical devices (contact lenses, intraocular lenses, ophthalmic surgical equipment and aesthetics devices). Other revenues include alliance and service revenue from the licensing and co-promotion of products and contract service revenue primarily in the areas of dermatology and topical medication. Contract service revenue is derived primarily from contract manufacturing for third parties and is not material. See Note 19, "SEGMENT INFORMATION" for the disaggregation of revenue which depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by the economic factors of each category of customer contracts.
Product Sales Provisions
As is customary in the pharmaceutical industry, gross product sales are subject to a variety of deductions in arriving at reported net product sales.  The transaction price for product sales is typically adjusted for variable consideration, which may be in the form of cash discounts, allowances, returns, rebates, chargebacks and distribution fees paid to customers. Provisions for variable consideration are established to reflect the Company’s best estimates of the amount of consideration to which it is entitled based on the terms of the contract. The amount of variable consideration included in the transaction price may be
constrained, and is included in the net sales price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized will not occur in a future period.
Provisions for these deductions are recorded concurrently with the recognition of gross product sales revenue and include cash discounts and allowances, chargebacks, and distribution fees, which are paid to direct customers, as well as rebates and returns, which can be paid to direct and indirect customers. Returns provision balances and volume discounts to direct customers are included in Accrued and other current liabilities. All other provisions related to direct customers are included in Trade receivables, net, while provision balances related to indirect customers are included in Accrued and other current liabilities.