Note 3 - Stock-Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2012

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block]

NOTE 3 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

The USA Truck, Inc. 2004 Equity Incentive Plan provides for the granting of incentive or nonqualified options or other equity-based awards covering up to 1,100,000 shares of Common Stock to directors, officers and other key employees.  No options were granted under this 2004 Equity Incentive Plan for less than the fair market value of the Common Stock as defined in the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan at the date of the grant.  Options granted under the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan generally vest ratably over three to five years.  The option price under the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan is the fair market value of our Common Stock at the date the options were granted.  The exercise prices of outstanding options granted under the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan range from $4.18 to $30.22 as of September 30, 2012.  At September 30, 2012, 663,467 shares were available for granting future options or other equity awards under this 2004 Equity Incentive Plan.  The Company issues new shares upon the exercise of stock options.

Compensation expense related to incentive and nonqualified stock options granted under the Company’s plans is included in salaries, wages and employee benefits in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.  The amount of compensation expense recognized, net of forfeiture recoveries, is reflected in the table below for the periods indicated.

	(in thousands)
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2012		2011		2012		2011
Compensation expense	$	24	$	38	$	62	$	70

The table below sets forth the assumptions used to value stock options granted during the periods indicated:

	2012						2011
Dividend yield					0	%					0	%
Expected volatility		45.4	%	–	64.0	%		22.6	%	–	67.1	%
Risk-free interest rate		0.5	%	–	0.7	%		0.7	%	–	1.7	%
Expected life (in years)		4.00	%	–	4.25	%		4.13	%	–	4.25	%

The expected volatility is a measure of the expected fluctuation in our share price based on the historical volatility of our stock.  The risk-free interest rate is based on an implied yield on United States zero-coupon treasury bonds with a remaining term equal to the expected life of the outstanding options. Expected life represents the length of time we anticipate the options to be outstanding before being exercised.  In addition to the above, we also include a factor for anticipated forfeitures, which represents the number of shares under options expected to be forfeited over the expected life of the options.

Information related to option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 is as follows:

	Number of Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (1)
Outstanding - beginning of year		127,884		$	14.80
Granted		14,018			7.45
Exercised		--			--			$	--
Cancelled/forfeited		(18,448	)		12.74
Expired		(14,789	)		21.28
Outstanding at September 30, 2012		108,665		$	13.32		2.8	$	--
Exercisable at September 30, 2012		69,204		$	14.75		1.9	$	--

(1) The intrinsic value of outstanding and exercisable stock options is determined based on the amount by which the market value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of the option.  The per share market value of our Common Stock, as determined by the closing price on September 28, 2012 (the last trading day of the quarter), was $3.64.

Compensation expense related to restricted stock awarded under the Company’s plans is included in salaries, wages and employee benefits in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.  The compensation expense recognized is based on the market value of our Common Stock on the date the restricted stock award is granted and is not adjusted in subsequent periods.  The amount to be recognized, net of forfeiture recoveries, is amortized over the vesting period.  The amount of compensation expense recognized is reflected in the table below for the periods indicated.

	(in thousands)
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2012		2011		2012		2011
Compensation expense (credit)	$	57	$	81	$	104	$	(25	)

Information related to the restricted stock awarded under the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2012, is as follows:

	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Grant Price (1)
Nonvested shares – December 31, 2011		146,624		$	12.14
Granted		12,477			5.66
Forfeited		(26,915	)		12.01
Vested		(12,010	)		12.34
Nonvested shares – September 30, 2012		120,176		$	11.48

(1) The shares were valued at the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the dates of the awards.

On July 16, 2008, the Executive Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company, pursuant to the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan, granted thereunder awards totaling 200,000 restricted shares of the Company’s Common Stock to certain officers of the Company.  The grants were made effective as of July 18, 2008 and were valued at $12.13 per share, which was the closing price of the Company’s Common Stock on that date.  Each officer’s restricted shares of Common Stock will vest in varying amounts over the ten year period beginning April 1, 2011, subject to the Company’s attainment of defined retained earnings growth.  Management must attain an average five-year trailing retained earnings annual growth rate of 10.0% (before dividends) in order for the shares to qualify for full vesting (pro rata vesting will apply down to 50.0% at a 5.0% annual growth rate).  Any shares which fail to vest as a result of the Company’s failure to attain a performance goal will be forfeited and result in the recovery of the previously recorded expense.  These forfeited shares will revert to the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan where they will remain available for grants under the terms of that Plan until that Plan expires in 2014.  During the second quarter of 2011, management determined that the performance criteria would not be met for the shares that were scheduled to vest on April 1, 2012 and April 1, 2013.  At that time, these shares were deemed forfeited and recorded as Treasury Stock.  Accordingly, the shares remain outstanding until their scheduled vesting dates, at which time their forfeitures become effective and the shares revert to the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan.  The table below sets forth the information relating to the forfeitures of these shares.

July 16, 2008 Restricted Stock Award Forfeitures
Scheduled Vest Date	Date Deemed Forfeited and Recorded as Treasury Stock	Shares Forfeited (in thousands)	Expense Recovered (in thousands)		Date Shares Returned to Plan
April 1, 2011	June 30, 2010	9	$	70	April 1, 2011
April 1, 2012	June 30, 2011	8		66	April 1, 2012
April 1, 2013	June 30, 2011	15		101	April 1, 2013

During the quarter ended March 31, 2011, an executive officer of the Company submitted his notice to retire effective April 30, 2011.  Accordingly, during the quarter ended March 31, 2011, the Company recovered an estimate of the expense associated with 27,910 shares of outstanding, unvested restricted stock held by this executive officer in the approximate amount of $0.08 million.  During the quarter ended June 30, 2011, the Company recovered the remaining amount related to this forfeiture in the amount of approximately $0.04 million.  As of June 30, 2011, all expense previously recorded in relation to this forfeiture had been recovered.

Information set forth in the following table is related to stock options and restricted stock as of September 30, 2012.

	(in thousands, except weighted average data)
	Stock Options			Restricted Stock
Unrecognized compensation expense		$	73		$	723
Weighted average period over which unrecognized compensation expense is to be recognized (in years)			1.5			4.7