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Taxes
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 30, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Taxes Taxes
Income Taxes.    Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the consolidated deferred tax assets and liabilities were (in thousands):
Fiscal Year20232022
Deferred income tax assets:
Inventory$1,940 $2,985 
Compensation6,368 7,936 
Property, plant and equipment4,611 2,120 
Trade names and customer lists2,489 3,819 
Goodwill 6,712 8,867 
Foreign accruals6,785 4,538 
Loss carryforwards128,055 79,130 
Tax credit carryforwards11,134 5,717 
Capitalized research and development6,882 6,066 
Interest disallowance15,143 12,701 
Lease liabilities40,633 47,354 
Other15,207 15,862 
Deferred income tax assets total$245,959 $197,095 
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Right-of-use assets(32,531)(36,821)
Other(97)(281)
Deferred income tax liabilities total$(32,628)$(37,102)
Valuation allowance(192,603)(143,347)
Net deferred income tax assets $20,728 $16,646 
Deferred income tax assets - net$21,426 $17,262 
Deferred income tax liabilities - net(698)(616)
Net deferred income tax assets $20,728 $16,646 
Operating Loss Carryforwards.  At December 30, 2023, the consolidated balance sheets included $74.1 million of deferred tax assets for net operating losses of foreign subsidiaries. The amounts and the fiscal year of expiration of the loss carryforwards are (in thousands):
Expires 2024 through 2028$29,334 
Expires 2029 through 203386,962 
Expires 2034 through 203837,126 
Expires 2039 through 2043102,217 
Indefinite64,770 
Total loss carryforwards$320,409 
At December 30, 2023, the consolidated balance sheets included $15.5 million of deferred tax assets for state income tax net operating losses. The state apportioned amounts and the fiscal year of expiration of the loss carryforwards are (in thousands):
Expires 2024 through 2028$7,975 
Expires 2029 through 203326,267 
Expires 2034 through 203849,802 
Expires 2039 through 2043124,558 
Indefinite64,326 
Total loss carryforwards$272,928 
At December 30, 2023, the consolidated balance sheets included $38.5 million of deferred tax assets for federal income tax net operating losses. In the U.S., federal income tax net operating losses can be carried forward indefinitely, but are limited to 80% of taxable income.
The following table identifies income (loss) before income taxes for the Company's U.S. and non-U.S. based operations for the fiscal years indicated (in thousands):
Fiscal Year202320222021
U.S.$(130,620)$(43,927)$(32,423)
Non-U.S.(25,517)21,801 85,474 
Total$(156,137)$(22,126)$53,051 
The Company's provision for income taxes consisted of the following for the fiscal years indicated (in thousands):
Fiscal Year202320222021
Current provision:
U.S. federal$(3,798)$5,901 $1,714 
Non-U.S8,315 9,944 17,027 
State and local(120)(98)(274)
Total current4,397 15,747 18,467 
Deferred provision (benefit):
Non-U.S(3,875)5,653 7,960 
Total deferred(3,875)5,653 7,960 
Provision for income taxes$522 $21,400 $26,427 
A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rates to the Company's effective tax rate is as follows:
Fiscal Year202320222021
Tax at statutory rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
Permanent differences 0.1 (4.9)(2.5)
State, net of federal tax benefit2.3 8.6 (2.0)
Foreign rate differential1.8 21.5 (3.8)
Withholding taxes(2.0)(19.3)7.5 
GILTI tax-net of foreign tax credits— — 5.7 
U.S. tax on foreign income-net of foreign tax credits0.3 — — 
Income tax contingencies0.4 (4.8)3.9 
Federal Interest on IRS Refund2.5 — — 
Valuation allowances(32.5)(110.6)31.9 
R&D/Foreign Tax Credits3.5 — (5.6)
Deficiencies (Benefits) on employee stock awards (0.6)(2.7)(0.3)
APB23 Assertion(0.1)0.6 (6.9)
Return to provision true-up2.7 4.8 — 
Non deductible foreign equity awards(0.2)(2.0)0.8 
Non deductible officer compensation(0.1)(3.4)1.0 
Foreign currency hedges— 1.2 0.7 
Adjustments related to intercompany— (5.9)0.4 
Other0.6 (0.8)(2.0)
Provision for income taxes(0.3)%(96.7)%49.8 %
The fiscal year 2023 effective tax rate was unfavorably impacted by foreign withholding tax and valuation allowances on deferred tax assets, partially offset by favorable benefit from the accrual of interest on tax receivables.

The Company records a valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets when recovery of those amounts on a jurisdictional basis is not more likely than not. The Company's U.S. valuation allowance analysis was increased by $35.7 million and the foreign valuation allowance on NOL's and deferred tax assets was increased by $13.5 million as compared to December 31, 2022. The total valuation allowance of $192.6 million at December 30, 2023 was comprised of $111.3 million and $81.3 million attributable to the U.S. and foreign operations, respectively.

The Company will not indefinitely reinvest $160.3 million of previously taxed and undistributed earnings and profits of its foreign subsidiaries as of December 30, 2023. Since there will be no additional federal income tax when these amounts are repatriated, the Company has only accrued tax on foreign exchange gains with an offsetting valuation allowance. Deferred U.S. federal and state income taxes and foreign taxes are not recorded on the remaining $501.3 million of undistributed earnings and profits of foreign subsidiaries where management plans to continue reinvesting these earnings outside the U.S. As the majority of these earnings have previously been taxed in the U.S., the distribution of the earnings considered indefinitely reinvested would generally be subject only to local country withholding and U.S. state income taxes when distributed, the amount of which is not material.

The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties that would favorably impact the effective tax rate in future periods if recognized, was $23.6 million, $24.0 million and $24.8 million for fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company filed amended income tax returns for 2014-2017 under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) which included a provision for the carryback of U.S. NOLs. The IRS is reviewing the Company’s 2019 and 2020 U.S. tax returns and resulting net operating losses as well as the tax returns for 2014-2017 which are the carryback years. The Company has received the income tax refund for the 2019 U.S. tax NOL carryback and expects to receive a tax refund of $56.5 million (including interest) for the 2020 U.S. tax NOL carryback in 2024. Fiscal years 2014-2022
remain open for federal income tax examination. The Company is also subject to examinations in various state and foreign jurisdictions for its 2013-2022 tax years, none of which the Company believes are significant, individually or in the aggregate. Tax audit outcomes and timing of tax audit settlements are subject to significant uncertainty.

The Company has classified uncertain tax positions as long-term income taxes payable unless such amounts are expected to be paid within twelve months from December 30, 2023. As of December 30, 2023, the Company had recorded $9.6 million of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, for positions that could be settled or not assessed within the next twelve months. Consistent with its past practice, the Company recognizes interest and/or penalties related to income tax overpayments and income tax underpayments in income tax expense and income taxes receivable/payable, respectively. The total amount of accrued income tax-related interest in the Company's consolidated balance sheets was $5.1 million, of which $8.9 million is accrued interest expense and $3.8 million is accrued interest income at December 30, 2023; compared to $9.1 million of interest expense at December 31, 2022. The Company accrued no income tax-related penalties in the Company's consolidated balance sheets at December 30, 2023. The Company accrued income tax-related interest expense/(income) of $(4.0) million, $0.9 million and $1.5 million in fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The following is a tabular reconciliation of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits for the fiscal years indicated (in thousands):
Fiscal Year202320222021
Balance at beginning of year$23,998 $29,833 $31,540 
Gross increases—tax positions in prior years214 1,069 2,266 
Gross decreases—tax positions in prior years— (1,395)(3,016)
Gross increases—tax positions in current year 1,006 1,275 1,120 
Settlements(1,583)(5,350)(630)
Lapse in statute of limitations(173)(171)(1,188)
Change due to currency revaluation177 (1,263)(259)
Balance at end of year$23,639 $23,998 $29,833