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Stock-Based Compensation
 9 Months Ended
Jul. 31, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stock-Based Compensation Stock-Based Compensation
The compensation cost recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of income for our stock compensation arrangements is as follows:
 Three Months Ended 
 July 31,		Nine Months Ended 
 July 31,
 2024202320242023
 (in thousands)
Cost of products$14,645 $12,787 $44,824 $38,149 
Cost of maintenance and service9,677 7,765 28,126 22,451 
Research and development expense89,279 72,784 269,087 211,664 
Sales and marketing expense30,251 23,697 91,811 68,094 
General and administrative expense20,502 14,463 58,702 44,096 
Stock-based compensation expense from continuing operations before taxes
164,354 131,496 492,550 384,454 
Stock-based compensation expense from discontinued operations before taxes
17,185 12,968 47,476 37,495 
Total stock-based compensation expense before taxes
181,539 144,464 540,026 421,949 
Income tax benefit(29,972)(23,172)(89,158)(67,681)
Stock-based compensation expense after taxes$151,567 $121,292 $450,868 $354,268 
During the three and nine months ended July 31, 2024 and 2023, we recognized stock-based compensation expense relating to restricted stock units (RSUs) granted to senior executives with certain market, performance and service conditions (market-based RSUs). The grant date fair value of the market-based RSUs and the assumptions used in the Monte Carlo simulation model to determine the grant date fair value during the periods were as follows:
 Nine Months Ended 
 July 31,
 20242023
Expected life (in years)
2.89 years
0.90 years - 2.70 years
Risk-free interest rate
4.41%
4.36% - 4.63%
Volatility
34.03%
35.84% - 42.86%
Grant date fair value
$600.29
$357.29 - $408.55
As of July 31, 2024, we had $1.3 billion of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense from continuing and discontinued operations relating to options, RSUs and restricted stock awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.3 years. As of July 31, 2024, we had $70.3 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense from continuing and discontinued operations relating to our Employee Stock Purchase Plan, which is expected to be recognized over a period of approximately 2.0 years.
The intrinsic values of equity awards exercised from continuing and discontinued operations during the periods are as follows:
 Three Months Ended 
 July 31,		Nine Months Ended 
 July 31,
 2024202320242023
 (in thousands)
Intrinsic value of awards exercised$90,973 $94,116 $166,993 $212,339