Fair Value Measurements

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

We determine the fair value of financial and non-financial assets and liabilities using the fair value hierarchy, which establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value, as follows:

•Level 1 inputs include quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

•Level 2 inputs include observable inputs other than Level 1 inputs, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. For our marketable securities, we review trading activity and pricing as of the measurement date. When sufficient quoted pricing for identical securities is not available, we use market pricing and other observable market inputs for similar securities obtained from various third-party data providers. These inputs either represent quoted prices for similar assets in active markets or have been derived from observable market data; and

•Level 3 inputs include unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the underlying asset or liability. Our Level 3 assets and liabilities include those whose fair value measurements are determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar valuation techniques and significant management judgment or estimation.

Our financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, marketable debt securities, accounts receivable, foreign currency exchange contracts, equity securities, accounts payable and short-term and long-term debt. Cash and cash equivalents, marketable debt securities, certain equity securities and foreign currency exchange contracts are reported at their respective fair values in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Equity securities without readily determinable fair values are recorded using the measurement alternative of cost less impairment, if any, adjusted for observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer. Short-term and long-term debt are reported at their amortized costs in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The remaining financial instruments are reported in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at amounts that approximate current fair values.

The following table summarizes the types of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy (in millions):

	June 30, 2020								December 31, 2019
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Available-for-sale debt securities:
U.S. treasury securities	$	2,498	$	—	$	—	$	2,498	$	2,433	$	—	$	—	$	2,433
Certificates of deposit	—		2,783		—		2,783		—		3,517		—		3,517
U.S. government agencies securities	—		101		—		101		—		1,081		—		1,081
Non-U.S. government securities	—		145		—		145		—		174		—		174
Corporate debt securities	—		8,784		—		8,784		—		9,204		—		9,204
Residential mortgage and asset-backed securities	—		624		—		624		—		91		—		91
Equity securities:
Equity investment in Galapagos	3,283		—		—		3,283		3,477		—		—		3,477
Money market funds	4,419		—		—		4,419		7,069		—		—		7,069
Other publicly traded equity securities	507		—		—		507		322		—		—		322
Deferred compensation plan	183		—		—		183		171		—		—		171
Foreign currency derivative contracts	—		21		—		21		—		37		—		37
Total	$	10,890	$	12,458	$	—	$	23,348	$	13,472	$	14,104	$	—	$	27,576
Liabilities:
Deferred compensation plan	$	183	$	—	$	—	$	183	$	171	$	—	$	—	$	171
Foreign currency derivative contracts	—		18		—		18		—		8		—		8
Total	$	183	$	18	$	—	$	201	$	171	$	8	$	—	$	179

Changes in the fair value of equity securities resulted in a net unrealized gain of $201 million and net unrealized loss of $82 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, and net unrealized gains of $57 million and $254 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, which were included in Other income (expense), net on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Our equity investment in Galapagos NV (“Galapagos”), which we account for using the fair value option, is classified as Other long-term assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following table summarizes the classification of our equity securities in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (in millions):

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4,419	$	7,069
Prepaid and other current assets	451		319
Other long-term assets	3,522		3,651
Total	$	8,392	$	11,039

Our available-for-sale debt securities are classified as cash equivalents, short-term marketable securities and long-term marketable securities in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 4. Available-For-Sale Debt Securities for additional information.

Level 2 Inputs

We estimate the fair values of Level 2 instruments by taking into consideration valuations obtained from third-party pricing services. The pricing services utilize industry standard valuation models, including both income-based and market-based approaches, for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly, to estimate the fair value. These inputs include reported trades of and broker/dealer quotes on the same or similar securities, issuer credit spreads, benchmark securities, prepayment/default projections based on historical data and other observable inputs.

Substantially all of our foreign currency derivative contracts have maturities within an 18-month time horizon and all are with counterparties that have a minimum credit rating of A- or equivalent by S&P Global Ratings, Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. or Fitch Ratings, Inc. We estimate the fair values of these contracts by taking into consideration the valuations obtained from a third-party valuation service that utilizes an income-based industry standard valuation model for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly. These inputs include foreign currency exchange rates, London Interbank Offered Rates and swap rates. These inputs, where applicable, are observable at commonly quoted intervals.

The total estimated fair values of our short-term and long-term debt, determined using Level 2 inputs based on their quoted market values, were approximately $28.7 billion and $27.3 billion as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, and the carrying values were $24.1 billion and $24.6 billion as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.