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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
INCOME TAXES
Our effective tax rate of 16.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 differed from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to a $119 million tax benefit related to settlements with taxing authorities and earnings from non-U.S. subsidiaries that operate in jurisdictions with lower tax rates than the United States, partially offset by the tax on Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income, state taxes and our portion of the non-tax deductible branded prescription drug fee.
Our effective tax rate of 24.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 differed from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to a $49 million tax expense related to a settlement of a foreign tax examination, state taxes and our portion of the non-tax deductible branded prescription drug fee, partially offset by earnings from non-U.S. subsidiaries that operate in jurisdictions with lower tax rates than the United States.
We file federal, state and foreign income tax returns in the United States and in many foreign jurisdictions. For federal and California income tax purposes, the statute of limitations is open for 2013 and 2010 onwards, respectively. Our income tax returns are subject to audit by federal, state and foreign tax authorities. We are currently under examination by the IRS for the tax years from 2013 to 2015 and by various state and foreign jurisdictions. There are differing interpretations of tax laws and regulations, and as a result, significant disputes may arise with these tax authorities involving issues of the timing and amount of deductions and allocations of income among various tax jurisdictions. We regularly evaluate our exposures associated with our tax filing positions.
We record liabilities related to uncertain tax positions in accordance with the income tax guidance which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements by prescribing a minimum recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Resolution of one or more of these uncertain tax positions in any period may have a material impact on the results of operations for that period.
Our unrecognized tax benefits decreased by $119 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019 due to settlements with taxing authorities. As of March 31, 2019, we do not believe that it is reasonably possible that our unrecognized tax benefits will materially increase or decrease in the next 12 months.