INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The following table summarizes our intangible assets, net (in millions):



	December 31, 2018										December 31, 2017
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment			Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
Finite-lived assets
Intangible asset - sofosbuvir	$	10,720	$	(3,554	)	$	—		$	7,166	$	10,720	$	(2,855	)	$	7,865
Intangible asset - axicabtagene ciloleucel (DLBCL)	6,200		(416		)	—			5,784		6,200		(72		)	6,128
Intangible asset - Ranexa	688		(678		)	—			10		688		(566		)	122
Other	1,096		(359		)	(3		)	734		546		(311		)	235
Total finite-lived assets	18,704		(5,007		)	(3		)	13,694		18,154		(3,804		)	14,350
Indefinite-lived assets - IPR&D	2,047		—			(3		)	2,044		2,750		—			2,750
Total intangible assets	$	20,751	$	(5,007	)	$	(6	)	$	15,738	$	20,904	$	(3,804	)	$	17,100

Amortization expense related to finite-lived intangible assets is included in Cost of goods sold on our Consolidated Statements of Income and totaled $1.2 billion, $912 million and $844 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

In 2018, we entered into an agreement with Japan Tobacco Inc. (Japan Tobacco) to acquire the rights to market and distribute certain products in our HIV portfolio in Japan. In connection with this agreement, we recorded an intangible asset of $550 million reflecting the estimated fair value of the marketing-related rights acquired from Japan Tobacco. The intangible asset will be amortized over nine years beginning January 1, 2019. The amortization expense will be classified as selling expense and recorded as Selling, general and administrative expenses on our Consolidated Statements of Income. See Note 11, Collaborative Arrangements, for additional information.

In 2018, we concluded that the KITE-585 program did not justify further efforts based on the totality of the clinical data gathered and discontinued the program. As a result, the carrying value of the IPR&D relating to the KITE-585 program was written down to zero and we recorded an impairment charge of $820 million within Research and development expenses on our Consolidated Statements of Income. No IPR&D impairment charges were recorded in 2017 and $432 million of IPR&D impairment charges were recorded in 2016 within Research and development expenses on our Consolidated Statements of Income.

In 2018, we entered into a collaboration agreement with Gadeta B.V. (Gadeta) to develop gamma delta T cell receptor therapies for various cancers. Gadeta is a VIE that we consolidate. Upon consolidation, we recognized a $117 million indefinite-lived intangible asset relating to IPR&D. See Note 11, Collaborative Arrangements, for additional information.

As of December 31, 2018, estimated future amortization expense associated with our finite-lived intangible assets is as follows (in millions):



Fiscal Year	Amount
2019	$	1,149
2020	1,125
2021	1,124
2022	1,124
2023	1,124
Thereafter	8,048
Total	$	13,694