(8) Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, by reportable segment and our other operating segments for the year ended December 31, 2014, were as follows:

	December 31, 2013			Goodwill Resulting from Business Combinations		Impairments		Foreign Currency Translation and Other			December 31, 2014
Flow Technology reportable segment
Gross goodwill	$	1,120.2		$	—	$	—	$	(83.7	)	$	1,036.5
Accumulated impairments		—			—		—		—			—

Goodwill		1,120.2			—		—		(83.7	)		1,036.5

Thermal Equipment and Services reportable segment
Gross goodwill		570.0			—		—		(16.7	)		553.3
Accumulated impairments		(399.5	)		—		—		8.1			(391.4	)

Goodwill		170.5			—		—		(8.6	)		161.9

Industrial Products and Services and Other
Gross goodwill		398.9			—		—		(2.8	)		396.1
Accumulated impairments		(140.5	)		—		—		1.4			(139.1	)

Goodwill		258.4			—		—		(1.4	)		257.0

Total
Gross goodwill		2,089.1			—		—		(103.2	)		1,985.9
Accumulated impairments		(540.0	)		—		—		9.5			(530.5	)

Goodwill	$	1,549.1		$	—	$	—	$	(93.7	)	$	1,455.4

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, by reportable segment and our other operating segments for the year ended December 31, 2013, were as follows:

	December 31, 2012			Goodwill Resulting from Business Combinations		Impairments		Foreign Currency Translation and Other			December 31, 2013
Flow Technology reportable segment
Gross goodwill	$	1,114.6		$	—	$	—	$	5.6		$	1,120.2
Accumulated impairments		—			—		—		—			—

Goodwill		1,114.6			—		—		5.6			1,120.2

Thermal Equipment and Services reportable segment
Gross goodwill		563.7			—		—		6.3			570.0
Accumulated impairments		(395.7	)		—		—		(3.8	)		(399.5	)

Goodwill		168.0			—		—		2.5			170.5

Industrial Products and Services and Other
Gross goodwill		399.7			—		—		(0.8	)		398.9
Accumulated impairments		(140.4	)		—		—		(0.1	)		(140.5	)

Goodwill		259.3			—		—		(0.9	)		258.4

Total
Gross goodwill		2,078.0			—		—		11.1			2,089.1
Accumulated impairments		(536.1	)		—		—		(3.9	)		(540.0	)

Goodwill	$	1,541.9		$	—	$	—	$	7.2		$	1,549.1

Identifiable intangible assets were as follows:

	December 31, 2014							December 31, 2013
	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Value		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Value
Intangible assets with determinable lives:
Customer relationships	$	388.6	$	(91.7	)	$	296.9	$	413.4	$	(80.0	)	$	333.4
Technology		183.8		(59.8	)		124.0		196.6		(52.7	)		143.9
Patents		11.3		(8.8	)		2.5		11.5		(8.3	)		3.2
Other		28.7		(18.3	)		10.4		31.0		(18.6	)		12.4

		612.4		(178.6	)		433.8		652.5		(159.6	)		492.9
Trademarks with indefinite lives		397.2		—			397.2		435.4		—			435.4

Total	$	1,009.6	$	(178.6	)	$	831.0	$	1,087.9	$	(159.6	)	$	928.3

Amortization expense was $31.8, $33.0 and $34.1 for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Estimated amortization expense related to these intangible assets is $30.7 in 2015, $30.5 in 2016, $29.8 in 2017, $29.4 in 2018, and $28.0 in 2019.

At December 31, 2014, the net carrying value of intangible assets with determinable lives consisted of $385.1 in the Flow Technology reportable segment, $41.9 in the Thermal Equipment and Services reportable segment, and $6.8 in Industrial Products and Services and Other. Trademarks with indefinite lives consisted of $259.0 in the Flow Technology reportable segment, $117.0 in the Thermal Equipment and Services reportable segment, and $21.2 in Industrial Products and Services and Other.

Consistent with the requirements of the Intangible — Goodwill and Other Topic of the Codification, the fair values of our reporting units generally are estimated using discounted cash flow projections that we believe to be reasonable under current and forecasted circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about carrying values of the reported net assets of our reporting units. Other considerations are also incorporated, including comparable industry price multiples. Many of our reporting units closely follow changes in the industries and end markets that they serve. Accordingly, we consider estimates and judgments that affect the future cash flow projections, including principal methods of competition such as volume, price, service, product performance and technical innovations and estimates associated with cost improvement initiatives, capacity utilization and assumptions for inflation and foreign currency changes. Any significant change in market conditions and estimates or judgments used to determine expected future cash flows that indicate a reduction in carrying value may give rise to impairment in the period that the change becomes known.

We perform our annual goodwill impairment testing during the fourth quarter in conjunction with our annual financial planning process, with such testing based primarily on events and circumstances existing as of the end of the third quarter. In addition, we test goodwill for impairment on a more frequent basis if there are indications of potential impairment. Based on our annual goodwill impairment testing in 2014 and 2013, we determined that the estimated fair value of each of our reporting units exceeds the carrying value of their respective net assets by at least 10%.

We perform our annual trademarks impairment testing during the fourth quarter, or on a more frequent basis if there are indications of potential impairment. The fair values of our trademarks are determined by applying estimated royalty rates to projected revenues, with the resulting cash flows discounted at a rate of return that reflects current market conditions. The basis for these projected revenues is the annual operating plan for each of the related businesses, which is prepared in the fourth quarter of the preceding year. During the fourth quarter of 2014, we recorded impairment charges of $11.7 and $8.4 related to the trademarks of certain businesses within our Flow Technology and Thermal Equipment and Services reportable segments, respectively. These trademarks generally relate to businesses that serve power and energy markets. Our current revenue projections for these trademarks have been negatively impacted by the uncertainty in the oil markets and the lack of recoverability in the U.S. coal market. In addition, during the fourth quarter of 2014, we recorded an impairment charge of $18.0 related to our Cooling Equipment and Services ("Cooling") reporting unit's investment in the Shanghai Electric JV (see Note 4 for additional discussions of the Shanghai Electric JV). In China, a decline in economic growth, which has impacted demand for power generation, and increased local competition are expected to negatively impact future operating results of the joint venture. Accordingly, we concluded during the fourth quarter of 2014 that the fair value of our investment in the joint venture exceeded the related carrying value, resulting in the aforementioned impairment charge. Other changes in the gross values of trademarks and other identifiable intangible assets related primarily to foreign currency translation.

During 2013, we recorded impairment charges of $6.7 related to the trademarks of certain businesses within our Flow Technology reportable segment.

In connection with our annual goodwill impairment testing in 2012, our analysis indicated that the estimated fair value of our Cooling reporting unit was below the carrying value of its net assets. As a result, we estimated the implied fair value of Cooling's goodwill, which resulted in an impairment charge related to such goodwill of $270.4. The impairment charge of $270.4 was composed of (i) a $125.8 difference between the estimated fair value of Cooling compared to the carrying value of its net assets and (ii) an allocation to certain tangible and intangible assets of $144.6 for the estimated increases in fair value for these assets solely for purposes of applying the impairment provisions of the Intangible — Goodwill and Other Topic of the Codification.

In addition to the goodwill impairment charge of $270.4, we recorded an impairment charge of $11.0 in 2012 related to certain long-term assets of our Cooling reporting unit. Lastly, we recorded impairment charges of $4.5 in 2012 related to trademarks for two other businesses within our Thermal Equipment and Services reportable segment.