Employee Benefit Plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Employee Benefit Plans

Employee Benefit Plans

Overview — Defined benefit pension plans cover a portion of our salaried and hourly paid employees, including certain employees in foreign countries. Beginning in 2001, we discontinued providing these pension benefits generally to newly hired employees. Effective January 31, 2018, we discontinued providing service credits to active participants.

We have domestic postretirement plans that provide health and life insurance benefits to certain retirees and their dependents. Beginning in 2003, we discontinued providing these postretirement benefits generally to newly hired employees.

The plan year-end date for all our plans is December 31.

Actuarial Gains and Losses - As indicated in Notes 1 and 2, changes in fair value of plan assets and actuarial gains and losses related to our pension and postretirement plans are recorded to earnings during the fourth quarter of each year, unless earlier remeasurement is required.

Defined Benefit Pension Plans

Plan assets — Our investment strategy is based on the long-term growth and protection of principle while mitigating overall risk to ensure that funds are available to pay benefit obligations. The domestic plan assets are invested in a broad range of investment classes, including fixed income securities and domestic and international equities. We engage various investment managers who are regularly evaluated on long-term performance, adherence to investment guidelines and the ability to manage risk commensurate with the investment style and objective for which they were hired. We continuously monitor the value of assets by class and routinely rebalance our portfolio with the goal of meeting our target allocations.

The strategy for bonds emphasizes investment-grade corporate and government debt with maturities matching a portion of the longer duration pension liabilities. The bonds strategy also includes a high yield element, which is generally shorter in duration. The strategy for equity assets is to minimize concentrations of risk by investing primarily in companies in a diversified mix of industries worldwide, while targeting neutrality in exposure to global versus regional markets, fund types and fund managers. A small portion of U.S. plan assets (Level 3 assets) is allocated to private equity partnerships and real estate asset fund investments for diversification, providing opportunities for above market returns.

Allowable investments under the plan agreements include fixed income securities, equity securities, mutual funds, venture capital funds, real estate and cash and equivalents. In addition, investments in futures and option contracts, commodities and other derivatives are allowed in commingled fund allocations managed by professional investment managers. Investments prohibited under the plan agreements include private placements and short selling of stock. No shares of our common stock were held by our defined benefit pension plans as of December 31, 2021 or 2020.

Actual asset allocation percentages of each class of our domestic and foreign pension plan assets as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, along with the current targeted asset investment allocation percentages, each of which is based on the midpoint of an allocation range, were as follows:

Domestic Pension Plans

	Actual Allocations				Mid-point of Target Allocation Range
	2021		2020		2021
Fixed income common trust funds	67	%	68	%	65	%
Commingled global fund allocation	6	%	11	%	6	%
Global equity common trust funds	15	%	5	%	15	%
U.S. Government securities	10	%	9	%	12	%
Short-term investments and other (1)	2	%	7	%	2	%
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%

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(1)Short-term investments are generally invested in actively managed common trust funds or interest-bearing accounts.

Foreign Pension Plans

	Actual Allocations				Mid-point of Target Allocation Range
	2021		2020		2021
Global equity common trust funds	9	%	9	%	9	%
Fixed income common trust funds	61	%	65	%	66	%
Commingled global fund allocation	27	%	25	%	25	%
Non-U.S. Government securities	—	%	—	%	—	%
Short-term investments (1)	3	%	1	%	—	%
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%

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(1)Short-term investments are generally invested in actively managed common trust funds or interest-bearing accounts.

The fair values of pension plan assets at December 31, 2021, by asset class, were as follows:

	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Asset class:
Debt securities:
Fixed income common trust funds (1) (2)	$	291.2	$	—	$	291.2	$	—
Non-U.S. Government securities	0.3		—		0.3		—
U.S. Government securities	25.8		—		25.8		—
Equity securities:
Global equity common trust funds (1) (3)	58.0		—		58.0		—
Alternative investments:
Commingled global fund allocations (1) (4)	67.4		—		67.4		—
Other:
Short-term investments (5)	10.4		10.4		—		—
Other	0.9		—		—		0.9
Total	$	454.0	$	10.4	$	442.7	$	0.9

The fair values of pension plan assets at December 31, 2020, by asset class, were as follows:

	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Asset class:
Debt securities:
Fixed income common trust funds (1) (2)	$	315.4	$	—	$	315.4	$	—
Non-U.S. Government securities	0.3		—		0.3		—
U.S. Government securities	25.2		—		25.2		—
Equity securities:
Global equity common trust funds (1) (3)	32.1		—		32.1		—
Alternative Investments:
Commingled global fund allocations (1) (4)	81.7		—		81.7		—
Other:
Short-term investments (5)	22.5		22.5		—		—
Other	0.9		—		—		0.9
Total	$	478.1	$	22.5	$	454.7	$	0.9

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(1)Common/commingled trust funds are similar to mutual funds, with a daily net asset value per share measured by the fund sponsor and used as the basis for current transactions. These investments, however, are not registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and participation is not open to the public. The funds are valued at the net asset value per share multiplied by the number of shares held as of the measurement date.

(2)This class represents investments in actively managed common trust funds that invest in a variety of fixed income investments, which may include corporate bonds, both U.S. and non-U.S. municipal and government securities, interest rate swaps, options and futures.

(3)This class represents investments in actively managed common trust funds that invest primarily in equity securities, which may include common stocks, options and futures.

(4)This class represents investments in actively managed common trust funds with investments in both equity and debt securities. The investments may include common stock, corporate bonds, U.S. and non-U.S. municipal securities, interest rate swaps, options and futures.

(5)Short-term investments are valued at $1.00/unit, which approximates fair value. Amounts are generally invested in actively managed common trust funds or interest-bearing accounts.

Employer Contributions — We currently fund U.S. pension plans in amounts equal to the minimum funding requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, plus additional amounts that may be approved from time to time. During 2021, we made no contributions to our qualified domestic pension plans, and direct benefit payments of $5.5 to our non-qualified domestic pension plans. In 2022, we do not expect to make any minimum required funding contributions to our qualified domestic pension plans and expect to make direct benefit payments of $5.3 to our non-qualified domestic pension plans.

In 2021, we made contributions of $0.9 to our foreign pension plans. In 2022, we expect to make contributions of $1.2 to our foreign pension plans.

Estimated Future Benefit Payments — Following is a summary, as of December 31, 2021, of the estimated future benefit payments for our pension plans in each of the next five fiscal years and in the aggregate for five fiscal years thereafter. Benefit payments are paid from plan assets or directly by us for our non-funded plans. The expected benefit payments are estimated based on the same assumptions used at December 31, 2021 to measure our obligations and include benefits attributable to estimated future employee service.

Estimated future benefit payments:

(Domestic and foreign pension plans)

	Domestic Pension Benefits		Foreign Pension Benefits
2022	$	26.7	$	6.3
2023	26.4		6.0
2024	26.0		6.4
2025	25.1		7.5
2026	26.1		7.2
Subsequent five years	98.1		39.6

Obligations and Funded Status — The funded status of our pension plans is dependent upon many factors, including returns on invested assets and the level of market interest rates. Our non-funded pension plans account for $60.4 of the current underfunded status, as these plans are not required to be funded. The following tables show the domestic and foreign pension plans’ funded status and amounts recognized in our consolidated balance sheets:

	Domestic Pension Plans				Foreign Pension Plans
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Change in projected benefit obligation:
Projected benefit obligation — beginning of year	$	364.7	$	348.2	$	192.2	$	175.0
Service cost	—		—		—		—
Interest cost	8.4		10.8		3.4		3.8
Actuarial (gains) losses	(12.9)		30.4		(4.8)		14.3
Settlements	(10.5)		(10.3)		(3.0)		—
Benefits paid	(14.3)		(14.4)		(5.1)		(6.7)
Foreign exchange and other	—		—		(0.3)		5.8
Projected benefit obligation — end of year	$	335.4	$	364.7	$	182.4	$	192.2

The actuarial gains and losses for all pension plans in 2021 and 2020 were primarily related to a change in the discount rate used to measure the benefit obligations of those plans.

	Domestic Pension Plans				Foreign Pension Plans
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets — beginning of year	$	279.8	$	263.6	$	198.3	$	178.1
Actual return on plan assets	(0.1)		35.1		3.6		19.9
Contributions (employer and employee)	5.5		5.8		0.9		0.9
Settlements	(10.5)		(10.3)		(3.0)		—
Benefits paid	(14.3)		(14.4)		(5.1)		(6.7)
Foreign exchange and other	—		—		(1.1)		6.1
Fair value of plan assets — end of year	$	260.4	$	279.8	$	193.6	$	198.3
Funded status at year-end	(75.0)		(84.9)		11.2		6.1
Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets consist of:
Other assets	$	2.2	$	2.6	$	11.4	$	8.6
Accrued expenses	(5.2)		(5.4)		—		—
Other long-term liabilities	(72.0)		(82.1)		(0.2)		(2.5)
Net amount recognized	$	(75.0)	$	(84.9)	$	11.2	$	6.1
Amount recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (pre-tax) consists of — net prior service (credits) costs	(0.1)		(0.2)		1.2		1.2

The following is information about our pension plans that had accumulated benefit obligations in excess of the fair value of their plan assets at December 31, 2021 and 2020:

	Domestic Pension Plans				Foreign Pension Plans
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Projected benefit obligation	$	329.0	$	357.9	$	0.2	$	50.9
Accumulated benefit obligation	329.0		357.9		0.2		50.9
Fair value of plan assets	251.8		270.4		—		48.4

The accumulated benefit obligation for all domestic and foreign pension plans was $335.4 and $182.4, respectively, at December 31, 2021 and $364.7 and $192.2, respectively, at December 31, 2020.

Components of Net Periodic Pension Benefit Expense (Income) — Net periodic pension benefit expense (income) for our domestic and foreign pension plans included the following components:

Domestic Pension Plans

	Year ended December 31,
	2021		2020		2019
Service cost	$	—	$	—	$	—
Interest cost	8.4		10.8		13.3
Expected return on plan assets	(8.7)		(9.5)		(9.8)
Amortization of unrecognized prior service credits	(0.1)		(0.1)		(0.1)
Recognized net actuarial (gains) losses (1)	(4.2)		4.7		6.5
Total net periodic pension benefit (income) expense	$	(4.6)	$	5.9	$	9.9

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(1)Consists primarily of our reported actuarial (gains) losses, the difference between actual and expected returns on plan assets, settlement gains (losses), and curtailment gains (losses).

Foreign Pension Plans

	Year ended December 31,
	2021		2020		2019
Service cost	$	—	$	—	$	—
Interest cost	3.4		3.8		4.8
Expected return on plan assets	(5.8)		(5.7)		(6.7)
Recognized net actuarial (gains) losses (1)	(1.8)		0.2		1.0
Total net periodic pension benefit income	$	(4.2)	$	(1.7)	$	(0.9)

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(1)Consists of our reported actuarial (gains) losses and the difference between actual and expected returns on plan assets.

Assumptions — Actuarial assumptions used in accounting for our domestic and foreign pension plans were as follows:

	Year ended December 31,
	2021		2020		2019
Domestic Pension Plans
Weighted-average actuarial assumptions used in determining net periodic pension expense:
Discount rate	2.35	%	3.16	%	4.29	%
Rate of increase in compensation levels	N/A		N/A		N/A
Expected long-term rate of return on assets	3.22	%	3.75	%	4.25	%
Weighted-average actuarial assumptions used in determining year-end benefit obligations:
Discount rate	2.83	%	2.35	%	3.16	%
Rate of increase in compensation levels	N/A		N/A		N/A
Foreign Pension Plans
Weighted-average actuarial assumptions used in determining net periodic pension expense:
Discount rate	1.76	%	2.27	%	3.02	%
Rate of increase in compensation levels	N/A		N/A		N/A
Expected long-term rate of return on assets	3.31	%	3.81	%	4.69	%
Weighted-average actuarial assumptions used in determining year-end benefit obligations:
Discount rate	2.19	%	1.76	%	2.27	%
Rate of increase in compensation levels	N/A		N/A		N/A

We review the pension assumptions annually. Pension income or expense for the year is determined using assumptions as of the beginning of the year (except for the effects of recognizing changes in the fair value of plan assets and actuarial gains and losses in the fourth quarter of each year), while the funded status is determined using assumptions as of the end of the year. We determined assumptions and established them at the respective balance sheet date using the following principles: (i) the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets is established based on forward looking long-term expectations of asset returns over the expected period to fund participant benefits based on the target investment mix of our plans and (ii) the discount rate is primarily determined by matching the expected projected benefit obligation cash flows for each of the plans to a yield curve that is representative of long-term, high-quality (rated AA or higher) fixed income debt instruments as of the measurement date.

Postretirement Benefit Plans

Employer Contributions and Future Benefit Payments — Our postretirement medical plans are unfunded and have no plan assets, but are instead funded by us on a pay-as-you-go basis in the form of direct benefit payments or policy premium payments. In 2021, we made benefit payments of $5.9 to our postretirement benefit plans. Following is a summary, as of December 31, 2021, of the estimated future benefit payments for our postretirement plans in each of the next five fiscal years and in the aggregate for five fiscal years thereafter. The expected benefit payments are estimated based on the same assumptions used at December 31, 2021 to measure our obligations and include benefits attributable to estimated future employee service.

	Postretirement Payments
2022	$	6.0
2023	5.4
2024	4.9
2025	4.4
2026	4.0
Subsequent five years	14.8

Obligations and Funded Status — The following tables show the postretirement plans’ funded status and amounts recognized in our consolidated balance sheets:

	Postretirement Plans
	2021		2020
Change in projected postretirement benefit obligation:
Projected postretirement benefit obligation — beginning of year	$	60.5	$	63.6
Interest cost	1.0		1.6
Actuarial (gains) losses	(3.9)		1.9
Benefits paid	(5.9)		(6.6)
Projected postretirement benefit obligation — end of year	$	51.7	$	60.5
Funded status at year-end	$	(51.7)	$	(60.5)
Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets consist of:
Accrued expenses	$	(5.9)	$	(6.7)
Other long-term liabilities	(45.8)		(53.8)
Net amount recognized	$	(51.7)	$	(60.5)
Amount recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (pre-tax) consists of — net prior service credits	$	(15.5)	$	(20.2)

The actuarial gains and losses for our postretirement benefit plans in 2021 and 2020 were primarily related to a change in the discount rate used to measure the benefit obligations of those plans.

The net periodic postretirement benefit expense (income) included the following components:

	Year ended December 31,
	2021		2020		2019
Service cost	$	—	$	—	$	—
Interest cost	1.0		1.6		2.4
Amortization of unrecognized prior service credits	(4.7)		(4.7)		(4.0)
Recognized net actuarial (gains) losses	(3.9)		1.9		2.5
Net periodic postretirement benefit (income) expense	$	(7.6)	$	(1.2)	$	0.9

Actuarial assumptions used in accounting for our domestic postretirement plans were as follows:

	Year ended December 31,
	2021		2020		2019
Assumed health care cost trend rates:
Health care cost trend rate for next year	6.25	%	6.50	%	6.75	%
Rate to which the cost trend rate is assumed to decline (the ultimate trend rate)	5.00	%	5.00	%	5.00	%
Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate	2027		2027		2027
Discount rate used in determining net periodic postretirement benefit expense	2.00	%	2.97	%	4.09	%
Discount rate used in determining year-end postretirement benefit obligation	2.56	%	2.00	%	2.97	%

The accumulated postretirement benefit obligation was determined using the terms and conditions of our various plans, together with relevant actuarial assumptions and health care cost trend rates. It is our policy to review the postretirement assumptions annually. The assumptions are determined by us and are established based on our prior experience and our expectations that future health care cost trend rates will decline. In addition, we consider advice from independent actuaries.

Defined Contribution Retirement Plans

We maintain a defined contribution retirement plan (the “DC Plan”) pursuant to Section 401(k) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code. Under the DC Plan, eligible U.S. employees may voluntarily contribute up to 50% of their compensation into the DC Plan and we match a portion of participating employees’ contributions. Our matching contributions are primarily made in newly issued shares of company common stock and are issued at the prevailing market price. The matching contributions vest with the employee immediately upon the date of the match and there are no restrictions on the resale of common stock held by employees.

Under the DC Plan, we contributed 0.135, 0.192 and 0.199 shares of our common stock to employee accounts in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Compensation expense is recorded based on the market value of shares as the shares are contributed to employee accounts. We recorded $7.8 in 2021, $7.7 in 2020 and $7.0 in 2019 as compensation expense related to the matching contribution.

Certain collectively-bargained employees participate in the DC Plan with company contributions not being made in company common stock, although company common stock is offered as an investment option under these plans.

We also maintain a Supplemental Retirement Savings Plan (“SRSP”), which permits certain members of our senior management and executive groups to defer eligible compensation in excess of the amounts allowed under the DC Plan. We match a portion of participating employees’ deferrals to the extent allowable under the SRSP provisions. The matching contributions vest with the participant immediately. Our funding of the participants’ deferrals and our matching contributions are held in certain mutual funds (as allowed under the SRSP), as directed by the participant. The fair values of these assets, which totaled $18.3 and $20.9 at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, are based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1). In addition, the assets under the SRSP are available to the general creditors in the event of our bankruptcy and, thus, are maintained on our consolidated balance sheets within “Other assets,” with a corresponding amount in “Other long-term liabilities” for our obligation to the participants. Lastly, these assets are accounted for as trading securities. During 2021, 2020 and 2019, we recorded compensation expense of $0.2, $0.2 and $0.2, respectively, relating to our matching contributions to the SRSP.