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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2012
Income Taxes [Abstract]  
Income (loss) before income tax provision for income taxes
(Loss) income before income taxes consists of the following:
Year ended December 31,
 
2012
 
 
2011
 
 
2010
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Domestic
 
$
(4,980,364
)
 
$
15,805,107
 
 
$
(7,706,018
)
   Foreign
 
 
(706,265
)
 
 
(4,270,715
)
 
 
(766,343
)
Total
 
$
(5,686,629
)
 
$
11,534,392
 
 
$
(8,472,361
)
 
Provision for income taxes
The provision for income taxes in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations consists of the following:
Year ended December 31,
 
2012
  
2011
  
2010
 
 
 
  
  
 
Federal:
 
  
  
 
   Current
 
$
350,039
  
$
3,588,798
  
$
210,090
 
   Deferred
  
-
   
-
   
-
 
 
  
350,039
   
3,588,798
   
210,090
 
 
            
State:
            
   Current
  
143,370
   
515,745
   
92,505
 
   Deferred
  
-
   
-
   
-
 
 
  
143,370
   
515,745
   
92,505
 
 
            
Foreign:
            
   Current
  
(8,879
)
  
1,420
   
-
 
   Deferred
  
-
   
-
   
-
 
 
  
(8,879
)
  
1,420
   
-
 
 
            
Total
 
$
484,530
  
$
4,105,963
  
$
302,595
 
 
            
Reconciliation of federal statutory rate to effective tax rate
A reconciliation of the federal statutory rate to our effective tax rate is as follows:
Year ended December 31,
 
2012
 
 
2011
 
 
2010
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income tax (benefit) provision at federal statutory rate
 
 
(34.0
%)
 
 
34.0
%
 
 
(34.0
%)
Increase (decrease) in tax resulting from:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   State income taxes, net of federal benefit
 
 
(1.5
)
 
 
3.1
 
 
 
(2.2
)
   Federal research credit
 
 
-
 
 
 
(3.0
)
 
 
(1.1
)
   Foreign rate differential
 
 
(0.3
)
 
 
0.4
 
 
 
(0.3
)
   Change in foreign valuation allowance
 
 
4.5
 
 
 
12.2
 
 
 
3.4
 
   Change in U.S. valuation allowance
 
 
28.9
 
 
 
(13.3
)
 
 
32.1
 
   ASC 740-10 reserves
 
 
5.5
 
 
 
1.9
 
 
 
(0.3
)
   Permanent items
 
 
3.5
 
 
 
0.3
 
 
 
5.3
 
   U.S federal and state provision to return adjustment
 
 
1.9
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
0.7
 
Provision for income taxes
 
 
8.5
%
 
 
35.6
%
 
 
3.6
%
Components of the net deferred tax asset recognized
The components of the net deferred tax asset recognized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets are as follows:
At December 31,
 
2012
  
2011
 
 
 
  
 
Deferred Tax Assets
 
  
 
Net operating loss carry forwards
 
$
2,349,107
  
$
1,962,882
 
Nondeductible reserves
  
3,339,700
   
1,880,276
 
Nondeductible accruals
  
1,479,545
   
1,527,390
 
Tax credits
  
495,486
   
499,099
 
Deferred revenue
  
273,608
   
-
 
Stock-based compensation
  
1,865,675
   
2,100,606
 
Gross Deferred Tax Assets
 
$
9,803,121
  
$
7,970,253
 
Valuation allowance
  
(9,551,668
)
  
(7,636,353
)
Net Deferred Tax Assets
 
$
251,453
  
$
333,900
 
 
        
 
        
Deferred Tax Liabilities
        
Fixed assets
 
$
(251,453
)
 
$
(333,900
)
Net Deferred Tax Liabilities
 
$
(251,453
)
 
$
(333,900
)
 
        
Net Deferred Tax Assets
 
$
-
  
$
-
 
 
Reconciliation of total gross unrecognized tax benefits
A reconciliation of our total gross unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010 is below.
At December 31,
 
2012
  
2011
  
2010
 
 
 
  
  
 
Balance at beginning of year
 
$
2,902,543
  
$
2,762,432
  
$
3,032,220
 
Tax positions related to current year:
            
   Increase related to positions taken in current year
  
69,959
   
173,800
   
146,811
 
   Increases related to positions taken during prior year
  
258,112
   
94,069
   
-
 
   Decrease related to positions take during prior year
  
-
   
-
   
(98,923
)
   Decrease related to settlements
  
(8,471
)
  
-
   
(12,415
)
   Decrease resulting from statute expiration
  
(175,355
)
  
(127,758
)
  
(305,261
)
Balance at end of year
 
$
3,046,788
  
$
2,902,543
  
$
2,762,432