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2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES


Accounting Estimates


Preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of net revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Financial statement line items that include significant estimates consist of goodwill, net intangibles, accrued restructuring costs, tax accounts, certain accrued liabilities and the allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable. Changes in the facts or circumstances underlying these estimates could result in material changes, and actual results could differ from those estimates. These changes in estimates are recognized in the period they are realized.


Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation


The financial statements include our accounts consolidated with our wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Unless otherwise stated, current and prior period results in our consolidated statements of operations and cash flows and these notes reflect our results from continuing operations and exclude the effect of current and prior period discontinued operations. See Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation.


Cash and Equivalents and Restricted Cash


Cash and equivalents include cash on hand and highly liquid investments with a maturity at date of purchase of three months or less. Cash balances that are legally restricted as to usage or withdrawal are separately included in “Prepaid expenses and other current assets” on our consolidated balance sheets. At December 31, 2011, we had $0.4 million of restricted cash. At December 31, 2010, we did not have any restricted cash.


Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts


Included in accounts receivable at December 31, 2011 and 2010 was earned but unbilled revenue of approximately $6.6 million and $6.5 million, respectively, which results from non-calendar month billing cycles and the one-month lag in billing of certain of our services. Earned but unbilled revenue is billed within 30 days. Provision for doubtful accounts was approximately $0.6 million, $0.9 million and $0.2 million in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Write-offs against the allowance for doubtful accounts were $0.9 million, $1.0 million and $0.5 million in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Our allowance for doubtful accounts represents reserves for receivables that reduce accounts receivable to amounts expected to be collected. Allowance for doubtful accounts was approximately $0.6 million, $0.9 million and $1.0 million as of December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Management uses significant judgment in estimating uncollectible amounts. In estimating uncollectible amounts, management considers factors such as historical and anticipated customer payment performance and industry-specific economic conditions. Using these factors, management assigns reserves for uncollectible amounts by accounts receivable aging categories to specific customer accounts.


Property and Equipment


Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is recorded under the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, commencing when the assets are placed in service. The estimated useful lives are five to seven years for furniture and fixtures, two to five years for software and three to ten years for


computer servers and Internet and telecommunications equipment. The cost of installation of equipment is capitalized, as applicable. Amortization of assets recorded under capital leases is included in depreciation. Assets recorded under capital leases and leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of their useful lives or the term of the related lease.


Research and Development


Research and development expenses primarily related to developing new services, features and enhancements to existing services that do not qualify for capitalization are expensed as incurred.


Software Development Costs


We capitalize certain costs incurred to develop software features sold as part of our service offerings as part of “Property and Equipment, Net” on our consolidated balance sheets. For the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, we capitalized approximately $15.3 million, $16.4 million and $15.3 million, respectively, of these costs. We amortize these capitalized costs on a straight-line basis over the estimated life of the related software, not to exceed five years. Depreciation expense recorded for developed software for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009, was approximately $10.2 million, $6.1 million and $4.2 million, respectively.


Goodwill


Goodwill is subject to a periodic impairment assessment by applying a fair value-based test using a two-step method. The first step is to identify potential goodwill impairment by comparing the estimated fair value of the reporting unit to their carrying amounts. The second step measures the amount of the impairment based upon a comparison of “implied fair value” of goodwill with its carrying amount. Based on our calculations this year, the fair value of each of our reporting units substantially exceeded their respective carrying values. Therefore we do not believe that any of our reporting units are at risk of failing step one of the goodwill impairment test. We have adopted December 31 of a given calendar year as our valuation date and have evaluated goodwill as of December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, with no impairments identified. We disposed of $59.1 million of goodwill as part of our PGiSend sale in 2010.


Valuation of Long-Lived Assets


We evaluate the carrying values of long-lived assets when significant adverse changes in the economic value of these assets require an analysis, including property and equipment and other intangible assets. A long-lived asset is considered impaired when its fair value is less than its carrying value. In that event, a loss is calculated based on the amount the carrying value exceeds the future cash flows, as calculated under the best-estimate approach, of such asset. We believe that long-lived assets in our consolidated balance sheets are appropriately valued. Asset impairments were $0.5 million, $0.3 million and $0.7 million during 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, and are recognized as “Asset impairments” in our consolidated statements of operations.


Cost Method Investments


During June 2011, we invested approximately $1.0 million in a privately held conferencing company. The investment is accounted for under the cost method and is periodically assessed for other-than-temporary impairment using financial results, economic data and other quantitative and qualitative factors deemed applicable. In the event an other-than-temporary impairment occurs, an impairment loss equal to the difference between the cost basis and the fair value will be recognized. The cost of this investment is carried on our consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2011 as a component of “Other assets”.


Revenue Recognition


We recognize revenues when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, services have been rendered, the price to the buyer is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. Revenues consist primarily of usage fees generally based on per minute and, prior to reclassifying our discontinued businesses as discontinued operations, per fax page or per transaction methods. To a lesser extent, we charge subscription-based and license fees and fixed-period minimum revenue commitments. Unbilled revenue consists of revenue that is earned but has


not been billed, which results from non-calendar month billing cycles and the one-month lag time in billing related to certain of our services. Deferred revenue consists of payments made by customers in advance of the time services are rendered. Incremental direct costs incurred related to deferred revenue are deferred over the life of the contract and are recorded in “Prepaid expenses and other current assets” in our consolidated balance sheets.


USF Charges


In accordance with FCC rules, we are required to contribute to the federal Universal Service Fund, or USF, for some of our solutions, which we recover from our applicable customers and remit to the USAC. We present the USF charges that we collect and remit on a net basis, with charges to our customers netted against the cost we remit.


Foreign Currency Translation


The assets and liabilities of subsidiaries with a functional currency other than the U.S. Dollar are translated at rates of exchange existing at our consolidated balance sheet dates. Revenues and expenses are translated at average rates of exchange prevailing during the year. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded in the “Accumulated other comprehensive gain (loss)” component of shareholders’ equity. In addition, intercompany loans with foreign subsidiaries generally are considered to be permanently invested for the foreseeable future. Therefore, all foreign currency exchange gains and losses related to these permanently invested balances are recorded in the “Accumulated other comprehensive gain (loss)” component of shareholders’ equity in our consolidated balance sheets. During 2010, we wrote-off $4.7 million of “Accumulated other comprehensive gain (loss)” as part of loss on disposal in discontinued operations, which represents the historical “Accumulated other comprehensive gain (loss)” for our discontinued businesses.


Treasury Stock


All treasury stock transactions are recorded at cost. During the year ended December 31, 2011, we repurchased approximately 3.0 million shares of our common stock in the open market for approximately $22.0 million. During the year ended December 31, 2010, we repurchased approximately 8.1 million shares of our common stock through a cash self-tender offer for approximately $58.8 million and incurred costs associated with the tender offer of approximately $0.6 million, including legal and dealer-manager fees, that were recorded to the “Additional paid-in capital” component of shareholders’ equity in our consolidated balance sheet.


During the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, we redeemed 208,944 and 252,655 shares, respectively, of our common stock to satisfy certain of our employees’ tax withholdings due upon the vesting of their restricted stock grants and remitted approximately $1.8 million and $2.3 million, respectively, in taxes on our employees’ behalf.


We retire all shares of treasury stock repurchased.


Preferred Stock


We have 5.0 million shares of authorized $0.01 par value preferred stock, none of which are issued or outstanding. Under the terms of our amended and restated articles of incorporation, our board of directors is empowered to issue preferred stock without shareholder action.


Comprehensive Income (Loss)


Comprehensive income (loss) represents the change in equity of a business during a period, except for investments by owners and distributions to owners. Comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 was $18.6 million, $12.3 million and $28.1 million, respectively. The primary differences between net income, as reported, and comprehensive income are foreign currency translation adjustments, net of taxes, the write off of cumulative translation adjustments related to our PGiSend sale and changes in unrealized gain (loss), derivatives, net of taxes.


Income Taxes


Income taxes are determined under the asset and liability method as required by ASC 740, “Income Taxes”. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based upon the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using existing tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary items are expected to be recovered or settled. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts more likely than not to be realized. To the extent we establish a valuation allowance or increase this allowance in a period, an expense is recorded within the income tax provision in our consolidated statements of operations. Under current accounting principles, the impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is more likely than not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant taxing authority.


Restructuring Costs


Restructuring reserves are based on certain estimates and judgments related to severance and exit costs, contractual obligations and related costs and are recorded as “Restructuring costs” in our consolidated statements of operations. See Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information and related disclosures regarding our restructuring costs.


Advertising Costs


We expense production costs associated with an advertisement the first time the advertising takes place. All other advertising-related costs are expensed as incurred. We expense the cost of running an advertisement at the time it airs. Total advertising expense in 2011, 2010 and 2009 was $16.9 million, $10.2 million and $4.8 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, we had $0.0 million and $1.0 million of prepaid advertising, respectively.


Legal Contingencies


We are involved from time to time in certain legal matters and subject to other claims as disclosed in Note 16. We accrue an estimate for legal contingencies when we determine that it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. These estimates are developed in consultation with outside counsel handling these matters and based upon an analysis of potential results, assuming a combination of litigation and settlement strategies.


New and Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements


In December 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-11 “Balance Sheet (Topic 210): Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities,” which modifies the disclosure requirements for offsetting financial instruments and derivative instruments. The update requires an entity to disclose information about offsetting and related arrangements and the effect of those arrangements on its financial position. This guidance is effective for public companies for reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013. ASU No. 2011-11 is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.


In September 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-08 “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Goodwill for Impairment,” which modifies the process of testing goodwill for impairment. The update will allow an entity to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test. An entity would not be required to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit unless the entity determines it is more likely than not, based on a qualitative assessment, the fair value of goodwill is less than its carrying amount. The guidance also includes a number of events and circumstances to consider in conducting the qualitative assessment. This guidance is effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2011. ASU No. 2011-08 is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.


In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-05 “Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Presentation of Comprehensive Income,” which modifies the requirements for presenting net income and other comprehensive income and requires that all non-owner changes in shareholders’ equity be presented either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. The amendment requires presentation of each component of net income along with total net income, each component of other comprehensive income along with a total for other comprehensive income and a total amount for comprehensive income. In December 2011, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-12 “Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Deferral of the Effective Date for Amendments to the Presentation of Reclassifications of Items Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-05,” These amendments are being made to allow the FASB time to redeliberate whether to present on the face of the financial statements the effects of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income on the components of net income and other comprehensive income in all periods presented. This guidance is effective for public companies for fiscal years and interim periods beginning on or after December 15, 2011. We adopted the guidance as of December 31, 2011, and it did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.


In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-04 “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards,” to conform existing guidance regarding fair value measurement and disclosure between GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards. The clarifying changes relate to the application of the highest and best use and valuation premise concepts, measuring the fair value of an instrument classified in a reporting entity’s shareholders’ equity and disclosure of quantitative information about unobservable inputs used for Level 3 fair value measurements. The amendments relate to measuring the fair value of financial instruments that are managed within a portfolio and application of premiums and discounts in a fair value measurement. The amendments also require additional disclosures concerning the valuation processes used, sensitivity of the fair value measurement to changes in unobservable inputs for those items categorized as Level 3, a reporting entity’s use of a nonfinancial asset in a way that differs from the asset’s highest and best use and the categorization by level in the fair value hierarchy for items required to be measured at fair value for disclosure purposes only. This guidance is effective for public companies for fiscal years and interim periods beginning on or after December 15, 2011. ASU No. 2011-04 is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.