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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policy)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2013
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Cash and Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Cash and Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Cash and equivalents consist of cash on hand. Cash balances that are legally restricted as to usage or withdrawal are separately included in “Prepaid expenses and other current assets” on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Included in accounts receivable at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 was earned but unbilled revenue of $9.2 million and $6.7 million, respectively, which results from non-calendar month billing cycles and the one-month lag time in billing related to certain of our services. Earned but unbilled revenue is billed within 30 days. Provision for doubtful accounts was $0.4 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Provision for doubtful accounts was $0.4 million and $0.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Write-offs against the allowance for doubtful accounts were $0.3 million and $0.1 million in the three months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Write-offs against the allowance for doubtful accounts were $0.4 million in each of the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012. Our allowance for doubtful accounts represents reserves for receivables that reduce accounts receivable to amounts expected to be collected. Management uses significant judgment in estimating uncollectible amounts. In estimating uncollectible amounts, management considers factors such as historical and anticipated customer payment performance and industry-specific economic conditions. Using these factors, management assigns reserves for uncollectible amounts by accounts receivable aging categories to specific customer accounts.
Property and Equipment
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is recorded under the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, commencing when the assets are placed in service. The estimated useful lives are five to seven years for furniture and fixtures, two to five years for software and three to ten years for computer servers and Internet and telecommunications equipment. Accumulated depreciation was $146.4 million and $134.2 million as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. The cost of installation of equipment is capitalized, as applicable. Amortization of assets recorded under capital leases is included in depreciation. Assets recorded under capital leases and leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of their useful lives or the term of the related lease.
Research and Development
Research and Development
Research and development expenses primarily related to developing new services, features and enhancements to existing services that do not qualify for capitalization are expensed as incurred.
Software Development Costs
Software Development Costs
We capitalize certain costs incurred to develop software features used as part of our service offerings within “Property and Equipment, Net” on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. We capitalized approximately $4.4 million and $3.9 million of these costs for the three months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and $8.3 million and $7.6 million of these costs for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. We amortize these capitalized costs on a straight-line basis over the estimated life of the related software, not to exceed five years.
Goodwill
Goodwill
Goodwill is subject to an impairment assessment performed at the reporting unit level, at least annually and more frequently if indicators of impairment are identified. Our reporting units are our operating segments: North America, Europe and Asia Pacific. No impairment of goodwill was identified in the year ended December 31, 2012, the date of our most recent assessment. As of June 30, 2013, we are not aware of any events that would lead to an impairment; therefore, we do not believe that any of our reporting units are at risk of failing step one of the goodwill impairment test.
Cost Method Investments
Cost Method Investments
In March 2013, we invested $1.0 million in a privately-held cloud solutions provider. In September 2012, we invested $1.0 million in a privately-held cloud service marketplace company by purchasing a convertible promissory note. We earn interest on this investment at an annual rate of 8% that will be due with the principal balance in September 2014. In June 2011, we invested approximately $1.0 million in a privately-held conferencing company. This investment is subject to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
These three investments are accounted for under the cost method and are periodically assessed for other-than-temporary impairment using financial results, economic data and other quantitative and qualitative factors deemed applicable. In the event an other-than-temporary impairment occurs, an impairment loss equal to the difference between the cost basis and the fair value would be recognized.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenues when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, services have been rendered, the price to the buyer is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. Revenues from continuing operations consist primarily of usage fees which are generally billed on a per minute basis. To a lesser extent, we charge subscription-based and license fees and have fixed-period minimum revenue commitments. Revenues related to our virtual meeting solutions primarily consist of usage fees which are recognized ratably over the contracted term of the agreement. These revenues may also include set-up fees and maintenance and update fees, which are typically also recognized ratably over the life of the contract. Unbilled revenue consists of earned but unbilled revenue that results from non-calendar month billing cycles and the one-month lag time in billing related to certain of our services. Deferred revenue consists of payments made by customers in advance of the time services are rendered. Incremental direct costs incurred related to deferred revenue are deferred over the life of the contract and are recorded in “Prepaid expenses and other current assets” in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
USF Charges
USF Charges
In accordance with Federal Communications Commission rules, we are required to contribute to the federal Universal Service Fund, or USF, for some of our solutions, which we recover from our applicable customers and remit to the Universal Service Administration Company. We present the USF charges that we collect and remit on a net basis, with both collections from our customers and the amounts we remit, recorded in "Net revenues".
Foreign Currency Translation
Foreign Currency Translation
The assets and liabilities of subsidiaries with a functional currency other than the U.S. Dollar are translated at rates of exchange existing at our condensed consolidated balance sheet dates. Revenues and expenses are translated at average rates of exchange prevailing during the year. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded in the “Accumulated other comprehensive income” component of shareholders’ equity. In addition, certain of our intercompany loans with foreign subsidiaries are considered to be permanently invested for the foreseeable future. Therefore, foreign currency exchange gains and losses related to these permanently invested balances are recorded in the “Accumulated other comprehensive income” component of shareholders’ equity in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Treasury Stock
Treasury Stock
All treasury stock transactions are recorded at cost, and all shares of treasury stock repurchased are retired.
Preferred Stock
Under the terms of our amended and restated articles of incorporation, our board of directors is empowered to issue preferred stock without shareholder action.
Restructuring Costs
Restructuring Costs
Restructuring reserves are based on certain estimates and judgments related to severance and exit costs, contractual obligations and related costs and are recorded as “Restructuring costs (income)” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. See Note 3 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information and related disclosures regarding our restructuring costs.
Excise and Sales Tax
Excise and Sales Tax
Some of our solutions may be subject to telecommunications excise tax and sales taxes in states where we have not collected and remitted such taxes from our customers. During the six months ended June 30, 2013, we made a $0.3 million payment to one state in partial satisfaction of anticipated amounts due. In 2012, we did not make any significant payments related to the settlement of these state excise and sales tax contingencies.
We have reserves for certain state excise and sales tax contingencies based on the likelihood of obligation. These contingencies are included in “Accrued taxes, other than income taxes” in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. At June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, we had reserved approximately $1.8 million and $2.0 million, respectively, for certain state excise and sales tax contingencies and interest. We believe we have appropriately accrued for these contingencies. In the event that actual results differ from these reserves, we may need to make adjustments, which could materially impact our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, states may disagree with our method of assessing and remitting such taxes, or additional states may subject us to inquiries regarding such taxes.
Income Taxes
Income Taxes

Income taxes are determined under the asset and liability method as required by Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, 740, “Income Taxes.” Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based upon the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary items are expected to be recovered or settled. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts more likely than not to be realized. To the extent we establish a valuation allowance or increase this allowance in a period, an expense is recorded within the income tax provision in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Under current accounting principles, the impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is more likely than not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant taxing authority.
Income tax expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 was $2.1 million and $4.7 million, respectively, compared to $2.7 million and $5.8 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012. The decrease in income tax expense during the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 compared to the same periods in the prior year was primarily due to discrete tax benefits related to state tax adjustments and our expected 2012 U.S. research and development tax credit. The legislation extending this tax credit was enacted in January 2013. 
As of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, we had $5.6 million and $5.4 million, respectively, of unrecognized tax benefits. Upon resolution, unrecognized tax benefits of $4.3 million and $4.1 million as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, would affect our annual effective tax rate. The unrecognized tax benefits are included in “Accrued expenses” under “Long-Term Liabilities” in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Our valuation allowance at December 31, 2012 primarily relates to certain foreign and state net operating loss and capital loss carryforwards that, in the opinion of management, are more likely than not to expire unutilized. During the six months ended June 30, 2013, our valuation allowance increased by $0.2 million primarily as a result of current year tax losses in certain foreign jurisdictions that, in the opinion of management, are more likely than not to go unutilized.
Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as an exit price representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability at the measurement date in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. The fair value amounts for cash and equivalents, accounts receivable, net, and accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate carrying amounts due to the short maturities of these instruments. The estimated fair value of our long-term debt and capital lease obligations at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 were based on expected future payments discounted using current interest rates offered to us on debt of the same remaining maturity and characteristics, including credit quality, and did not vary materially from carrying value.
New and Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
New and Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In July 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, No. 2013-11, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists,” which requires an unrecognized tax benefit to be presented as a reduction to a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss or a tax credit carryforward that the entity intends to use and is available for settlement at the reporting date. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013. As the guidance is consistent with our current reporting practices, it will not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial position or results of operations.