The Company attempts to manage its transactional foreign exchange exposure by hedging foreign currency cash flow forecasts and commitments arising from the anticipated settlement of receivables and payables and from future purchases and sales. Where naturally offsetting currency positions do not occur, the Company hedges certain, but not all, of its exposures through the use of foreign currency contracts. The Company’s translation exposure resulting from translating the financial statements of foreign subsidiaries into United States dollars may be partially hedged from time to time. When practical, the translation impact is reduced by financing local operations with local borrowings.

The Company uses floating rate and fixed rate debt to finance its operations. The floating rate debt obligations expose the Company to variability in interest payments due to changes in the EURIBOR, SOFR or other applicable benchmark interest rates. The Company believes it is prudent to limit the variability of a portion of its interest payments, and to meet that objective, the Company periodically enters into interest rate swaps to manage the interest rate risk associated with the Company’s borrowings. The Company designates interest rate contracts used to convert the interest rate exposure on a portion of the Company’s debt portfolio from a floating rate to a fixed rate as cash flow hedges, while those contracts converting the Company’s interest rate exposure from a fixed rate to a floating rate are designated as fair value hedges.

To protect the value of the Company’s investment in foreign operations against adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates, the Company from time to time, may hedge a portion of the Company’s net investment in the foreign subsidiaries by using a cross currency swap or foreign currency denominated debt. The component of the gains and losses on the Company’s net investment in the designated foreign operations driven by changes in foreign exchange rates are economically offset by movements in the fair value of the cross currency swap contracts or foreign currency denominated debt.

The Company is exposed to commodity risk from steel and other raw material purchases where a portion of the contractual purchase price is linked to a variable rate based on publicly available market data. From time to time, the Company enters into cash flow hedges to mitigate its exposure to variability in commodity prices.

The Company’s senior management establishes the Company’s foreign currency and interest rate risk management policies. These policies are reviewed periodically by the Finance Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors. The policies allow for the use of derivative instruments to hedge exposures to movements in foreign currency and interest rates. The Company’s policies prohibit the use of derivative instruments for speculative purposes.

All derivatives are recognized on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. On the date the derivative contract is entered into, the Company designates the derivative as either (1) a cash flow hedge of a forecasted transaction, (2) a fair value hedge of a recognized liability, (3) a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation, or (4) a non-designated derivative instrument.

The Company categorizes its derivative assets and liabilities into one of three levels based on the assumptions used in valuing the asset or liability. See Note 21 for a discussion of the fair value hierarchy as per the guidance in ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements”. The Company’s valuation techniques are designed to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.

The Company regularly monitors the counterparty risk and credit ratings of all the counterparties to the derivative instruments. The Company believes that its exposures are appropriately diversified across counterparties and that these

The Company uses cash flow hedges to minimize the variability in cash flows of assets or liabilities or forecasted transactions caused by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The changes in the fair values of these cash flow hedges are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss and are subsequently reclassified into “Cost of goods sold” during the period the sales and purchases are recognized. These amounts offset the effect of the changes in foreign currency rates on the related sale and purchase transactions.

The Company designates certain foreign currency contracts as cash flow hedges of expected future sales and purchases. The total notional value of derivatives that were designated as cash flow hedges was $262.2 million and $364.8 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company did not have any derivatives that were designated as cash flow hedges related to foreign currency contracts as of December 31, 2021.

The Company designates certain steel commodity contracts as cash flow hedges of expected future purchases of steel. The total notional value of derivatives that were designated as cash flow hedges was approximately $2.5 million, $0.9 million and $31.9 million as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The following table summarizes the after-tax impact that changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges had on accumulated other comprehensive loss and net income during 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in millions):


			Recognized in Net Income
	Gain (Loss) Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Classification of Gain (Loss)	Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss into Income		Total Amount of the Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations Containing Hedge Gains (Losses)
2023
Foreign currency contracts(1)	$	(9.1)	Cost of goods sold	$	(8.9)	$	10,635.0
Commodity contracts(2)	0.2		Cost of goods sold	(0.1)		$	10,635.0
Total	$	(8.9)		$	(9.0)
2022
Foreign currency contracts	$	(11.1)	Cost of goods sold	$	(10.6)	$	9,650.1
Commodity contracts	(3.5)		Cost of goods sold	(3.5)		$	9,650.1
Total	$	(14.6)		$	(14.1)
2021
Foreign currency contracts	$	(7.4)	Cost of goods sold	$	(10.2)	$	8,566.0
Commodity contracts	12.5		Cost of goods sold	13.2		8,566.0
Total	$	5.1		$	3.0

The following table summarizes the activity in accumulated other comprehensive loss related to the derivatives held by the Company during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in millions):


	Before-Tax Amount		Income Tax		After-Tax Amount
Accumulated derivative net losses as of December 31, 2020	$	(3.0)	$	(0.5)	$	(2.5)
Net changes in fair value of derivatives	8.3		3.2		5.1
Net gains reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into income	(5.8)		(2.8)		(3.0)
Accumulated derivative net losses as of December 31, 2021	$	(0.5)	$	(0.1)	$	(0.4)
Net changes in fair value of derivatives	(19.7)		(5.1)		(14.6)
Net losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into income	19.2		5.1		14.1
Accumulated derivative net losses as of December 31, 2022	$	(1.0)	$	(0.1)	$	(0.9)
Net changes in fair value of derivatives	(11.5)		(2.6)		(8.9)
Net losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into income	11.2		2.2		9.0
Accumulated derivative net losses as of December 31, 2023(1)	$	(1.3)	$	(0.5)	$	(0.8)

(1) As of December 31, 2023, approximately $1.4 million of derivative realized net losses, before taxes, remain in accumulated other comprehensive loss related to foreign currency contracts associated with inventory that had not yet been sold.

The Company uses non-derivative and derivative instruments, to hedge a portion of its net investment in foreign operations against adverse movements in exchange rates. For instruments that are designated as hedges of net investments in foreign operations, changes in the fair value of the derivative instruments are recorded in foreign currency translation adjustments, a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, to offset changes in the value of the net investments being hedged. When the net investment in foreign operations is sold or substantially liquidates, the amounts recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss are reclassified to earnings. To the extent foreign currency denominated debt is de-designated from a net investment hedge relationship, changes in the value of the foreign currency denominated debt are recorded in earnings through the maturity date.

In January 2018, the Company entered into a cross currency swap contract as a hedge of its net investment in foreign operations to offset foreign currency translation gains or losses on the net investment. The cross currency swap expired on January 19, 2021. At maturity of the cross currency swap contract, the Company delivered the notional amount of approximately €245.7 million (or approximately $297.1 million as of January 19, 2021) and received $300.0 million from the counterparties, resulting in a gain of approximately $2.9 million that was recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss. The Company received quarterly interest payments from the counterparties based on a fixed interest rate until maturity of the cross currency swap.

On January 29, 2021, the Company entered into a new cross currency swap contract as a hedge of its net investment in foreign operations to offset foreign currency translation gains or losses on the net investment. The cross currency swap has an expiration date of January 29, 2028. At maturity of the cross currency swap contract, the Company will deliver the notional amount of approximately €247.9 million (or approximately $274.4 million as of December 31, 2023) and will receive $300.0 million from the counterparties. The Company will receive quarterly interest payments from the counterparties based on a fixed interest rate until maturity of the cross currency swap.

During 2023, the Company designated €150.0 million of its multi-currency revolving credit facility maturing in December 2027 as a hedge of its net investment in foreign operations to offset foreign currency translation gains or losses on the net investment. This portion of the multi-currency revolving credit facility was repaid in December 2023.


	Gain (Loss) Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss for the Years Ended
Foreign currency denominated debt:	Before-Tax Amount		Income Tax		After-Tax Amount
December 31, 2023	$	(4.2)	$	(1.1)	$	(3.1)
December 31, 2022	—		—		—
December 31, 2021	—		—		—

Cross currency swap contract:
December 31, 2023	(12.7)		(3.3)		(9.4)
December 31, 2022	20.5		5.3		15.2
December 31, 2021	11.0		3.2		7.8

The Company enters into foreign currency contracts to economically hedge receivables and payables on the Company and its subsidiaries’ balance sheets that are denominated in foreign currencies other than the functional currency. These contracts were classified as non-designated derivative instruments. Gains and losses on such contracts are substantially offset by losses and gains on the remeasurement of the underlying asset or liability being hedged and are immediately recognized into earnings. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had outstanding foreign currency contracts with a notional amount of approximately $3,125.1 million and $3,654.0 million, respectively.


		Gain (Loss) Recognized in Net Income for the Years Ended
	Classification of Gain (Loss)	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Foreign currency contracts	Other expense, net	$	29.9	$	(38.2)	$	54.8


	Asset Derivatives as of December 31, 2023			Liability Derivatives as of December 31, 2023
	Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value
Derivative instruments designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency contracts	Other current assets	$	1.3	Other current liabilities	$	1.2
Commodity contracts	Other current assets	—		Other current liabilities	—
Cross currency swap contract	Other noncurrent assets	20.3		Other noncurrent liabilities	—
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency contracts (1)	Other current assets	17.1		Other current liabilities	12.8
Total derivative instruments		$	38.7		$	14.0


	Asset Derivatives as of December 31, 2022			Liability Derivatives as of December 31, 2022
	Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value
Derivative instruments designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency contracts	Other current assets	$	1.3	Other current liabilities	$	1.3
Commodity contracts	Other current assets	—		Other current liabilities	—

Cross currency swap contract	Other noncurrent assets	33.0		Other noncurrent liabilities	—
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency contracts	Other current assets	6.6		Other current liabilities	39.1
Total derivative instruments		$	40.9		$	40.4