10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________ to ________ .

Commission File Number: 0-19582

OLD DOMINION FREIGHT LINE, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Virginia	56-0751714
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

500 Old Dominion Way Thomasville, North Carolina	27360
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(336) 889-5000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock ($0.10 par value)	ODFL	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (Nasdaq Global Select Market)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒     No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

As of November 4, 2020 there were 117,331,447 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock ($0.10 par value) outstanding.

INDEX

Part I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1	Financial Statements	1
	Condensed Balance Sheets – September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019	1
	Condensed Statements of Operations – For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019	3
	Condensed Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity - For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019	4
	Condensed Statements of Cash Flows – For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019	5
	Notes to the Condensed Financial Statements	6
Item 2	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	11
Item 3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	20
Item 4	Controls and Procedures	21
Part II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1	Legal Proceedings	22
Item 1A	Risk Factors	22
Item 6	Exhibits	22
Exhibit Index		23
Signatures		24

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

OLD DOMINION FREIGHT LINE, INC.

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

	September 30,
	2020			December 31,
(In thousands, except share and per share data)	(Unaudited)			2019
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	420,396		$	403,571
Short-term investments		205,294			—
Customer receivables, less allowances of $10,286 and $8,866, respectively		453,346			397,579
Other receivables		9,578			10,586
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		49,882			55,098
Total current assets		1,138,496			866,834
Property and equipment:
Revenue equipment		1,892,005			1,898,999
Land and structures		2,167,557			2,039,937
Other fixed assets		495,268			482,425
Leasehold improvements		12,043			11,709
Total property and equipment		4,566,873			4,433,070
Accumulated depreciation		(1,631,398	)		(1,464,235	)
Net property and equipment		2,935,475			2,968,835
Goodwill		19,463			19,463
Other assets		180,254			140,436
Total assets	$	4,273,688		$	3,995,568

Note: The Condensed Balance Sheet at December 31, 2019 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

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OLD DOMINION FREIGHT LINE, INC.

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

(CONTINUED)

	September 30,
	2020		December 31,
(In thousands, except share and per share data)	(Unaudited)		2019
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	59,229	$	70,254
Compensation and benefits		217,154		192,524
Claims and insurance accruals		54,493		54,330
Other accrued liabilities		60,141		46,130
Income taxes payable		13,271		2,847
Current maturities of long-term debt		45,000		—
Total current liabilities		449,288		366,085
Long-term liabilities:
Long-term debt		99,927		45,000
Other non-current liabilities		316,831		241,802
Deferred income taxes		236,809		261,964
Total long-term liabilities		653,567		548,766
Total liabilities		1,102,855		914,851
Commitments and contingent liabilities
Shareholders’ equity:
Common stock - $0.10 par value, 280,000,000 shares authorized, 117,331,447 shares outstanding at September 30, 2020 and 140,000,000 shares authorized, 119,532,534 shares outstanding at December 31, 2019		11,733		11,953
Capital in excess of par value		185,991		218,462
Retained earnings		2,973,109		2,850,302
Total shareholders’ equity		3,170,833		3,080,717
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	4,273,688	$	3,995,568

Note: The Condensed Balance Sheet at December 31, 2019 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

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OLD DOMINION FREIGHT LINE, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(UNAUDITED)

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
(In thousands, except share and per share data)	2020			2019			2020			2019
Revenue from operations	$	1,058,166		$	1,048,457		$	2,941,740		$	3,099,905
Operating expenses:
Salaries, wages and benefits		524,658			533,451			1,510,047			1,588,378
Operating supplies and expenses		90,269			117,343			273,374			361,110
General supplies and expenses		27,383			33,633			86,872			97,584
Operating taxes and licenses		29,923			29,117			86,280			87,572
Insurance and claims		11,821			11,280			32,581			34,039
Communications and utilities		7,622			8,098			23,075			22,071
Depreciation and amortization		64,983			63,493			196,153			189,137
Purchased transportation		25,405			23,063			65,188			68,218
Miscellaneous expenses, net		5,858			11,452			15,590			21,354
Total operating expenses		787,922			830,930			2,289,160			2,469,463
Operating income		270,244			217,527			652,580			630,442
Non-operating expense (income):
Interest expense		1,071			3			1,936			285
Interest income		(123	)		(1,714	)		(1,602	)		(4,966	)
Other expense, net		961			844			4,205			768
Total non-operating expense (income)		1,909			(867	)		4,539			(3,913	)
Income before income taxes		268,335			218,394			648,041			634,355
Provision for income taxes		66,467			54,295			165,191			162,861
Net income	$	201,868		$	164,099		$	482,850		$	471,494
Earnings per share:
Basic	$	1.72		$	1.37		$	4.09		$	3.91
Diluted	$	1.71		$	1.37		$	4.07		$	3.90
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic		117,188,398			119,820,422			117,946,805			120,711,513
Diluted		117,933,440			119,984,153			118,696,836			120,882,836
Dividends declared per share	$	0.15		$	0.11		$	0.45		$	0.34

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

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OLD DOMINION FREIGHT LINE, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(UNAUDITED)

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
(In thousands)	2020			2019			2020			2019
Common stock:
Beginning balance	$	11,734		$	12,020		$	11,953		$	12,185
Share repurchases		—			(38	)		(223	)		(211	)
Share-based compensation and restricted share issuances, net of forfeitures		(1	)		—			6			10
Taxes paid in exchange for shares withheld		—			—			(2	)		(2	)
Cash paid for fractional shares		—			—			(1	)		—
Ending balance		11,733			11,982			11,733			11,982
Capital in excess of par value:
Beginning balance		181,895			140,970			218,462			138,210
Share-based compensation and restricted share issuances, net of forfeitures		4,096			1,147			8,371			5,353
Taxes paid in exchange for shares withheld		—			—			(2,731	)		(1,446	)
Forward contract for accelerated share repurchases		—			—			(37,500	)		—
Cash paid for fractional shares		—			—			(611	)		—
Ending balance		185,991			142,117			185,991			142,117
Retained earnings:
Beginning balance		2,788,839			2,645,495			2,850,302			2,530,088
Share repurchases		—			(40,576	)		(306,568	)		(205,135	)
Cash dividends declared		(17,598	)		(13,589	)		(53,475	)		(41,018	)
Net income		201,868			164,099			482,850			471,494
Ending balance		2,973,109			2,755,429			2,973,109			2,755,429
Total shareholders' equity	$	3,170,833		$	2,909,528		$	3,170,833		$	2,909,528

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

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OLD DOMINION FREIGHT LINE, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
(In thousands)	2020			2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	482,850		$	471,494
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		196,157			189,137
Loss on disposal of property and equipment		255			5,624
Share-based compensation		8,377			5,363
Provision for deferred income taxes		(25,155	)		—
Other operating activities, net		23,974			75,897
Net cash provided by operating activities		686,458			747,515
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment		(166,459	)		(370,310	)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment		3,411			2,598
Purchase of short-term investments		(205,301	)		—
Other investing, net		(100	)		—
Net cash used in investing activities		(368,449	)		(367,712	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt		99,923			—
Payments for share repurchases		(306,791	)		(205,346	)
Forward contract for accelerated share repurchases		(37,500	)		—
Dividends paid		(53,471	)		(41,005	)
Other financing activities, net		(3,345	)		(1,448	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(301,184	)		(247,799	)
Increase in cash and cash equivalents		16,825			132,004
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		403,571			190,282
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	420,396		$	322,286

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

Note 1. Significant Accounting Policies

Business

We are a leading, less-than-truckload (“LTL”), union-free motor carrier providing regional, inter-regional and national LTL services through a single integrated organization. Our service offerings, which include expedited transportation, are provided through an expansive network of service centers located throughout the continental United States. Through strategic alliances, we also provide LTL services throughout North America. In addition to our core LTL services, we offer a range of value-added services including container drayage, truckload brokerage and supply chain consulting. We have one operating segment and the composition of our revenue is summarized below:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(In thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
LTL services	$	1,044,640	$	1,035,093	$	2,903,140	$	3,058,864
Other services		13,526		13,364		38,600		41,041
Total revenue from operations	$	1,058,166	$	1,048,457	$	2,941,740	$	3,099,905

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited, interim condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and, in management’s opinion, contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring items) necessary for a fair presentation, in all material respects, of the financial position and results of operations for the periods presented. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements.

The preparation of condensed financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions. Such estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Our operating results are subject to seasonal trends; therefore, the results of operations for the interim period ended September 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the subsequent quarterly periods or the year ending December 31, 2020.

The condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes, which appear in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. There have been no significant changes in the accounting principles and policies, long-term contracts or estimates inherent in the preparation of the condensed financial statements of Old Dominion Freight Line, Inc. as previously described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, other than those disclosed in this Form 10-Q.

Certain amounts in prior years have been reclassified to conform prior years’ financial statements to the current presentation.

Unless the context requires otherwise, references in these Notes to “Old Dominion,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Old Dominion Freight Line, Inc.

Common Stock Split

On February 21, 2020, we announced that our Board of Directors approved a three-for-two split of our common stock for shareholders of record as of the close of business on the record date of March 10, 2020. On March 24, 2020, those shareholders received one additional share of common stock for every two shares owned. In lieu of fractional shares, shareholders received a cash payment based on the average of the high and low sales prices of our common stock on the record date.

All references in this report to shares outstanding, weighted average shares outstanding, earnings per share, and dividends per share amounts have been restated retroactively to reflect this stock split. Split-adjusted quarterly per-share metrics may not recalculate precisely due to rounding.

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Short-term Investments

The Company’s investments in certificates of deposit, U.S. government securities, and commercial paper with an original maturity of greater than three months have been classified and accounted for as trading securities, and are reported in “Short-term investments” on our Condensed Balance Sheet. These investments are measured at fair value each reporting period, with gains or losses recorded in “Non-operating expense (income)” on our Condensed Statement of Operations.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The levels of inputs used to measure fair value are:

•Level 1 — Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;

•Level 2 — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets; and

•Level 3 — Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable, generally utilizing pricing models or other valuation techniques that reflect management’s judgment and estimates.

Our short-term investments and our long-term debt, including current maturities, are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, and are further described in Note 6. Our other financial securities in current assets and current liabilities approximate their fair value due to the short maturities of these instruments.

Stock Repurchase Program

 On May 1, 2020, we announced that our Board of Directors had approved a new two-year stock repurchase program authorizing us to repurchase up to an aggregate of $700.0 million of our outstanding common stock (the “2020 Repurchase Program”). The 2020 Repurchase Program became effective upon the termination of our $350.0 million repurchase program on May 29, 2020, as of which date $21.5 million remained authorized under the prior program. Under the 2020 Repurchase Program, we may repurchase shares from time to time in open market purchases or through privately negotiated transactions. Shares of our common stock repurchased under our repurchase programs are canceled at the time of repurchase and are classified as authorized but unissued shares of our common stock.

On May 29, 2020, we entered into an accelerated share repurchase agreement (the “ASR Agreement”) with a third-party financial institution as part of our 2020 Repurchase Program. Under the ASR Agreement, we paid the third-party financial institution $125.0 million and received an initial delivery of 511,427 shares of our common stock for $87.5 million, representing approximately 70% of the total value of shares to be received under the ASR Agreement. The remaining expected shares are scheduled to settle during the fourth quarter of 2020. At final settlement, we may receive additional shares of our common stock, or, under certain circumstances, we may be required to provide the third-party financial institution additional shares or may elect to make a cash payment to the third-party financial institution. The total shares repurchased will be based on the daily volume-weighted average share price of our common stock during the term of the ASR Agreement, less a negotiated discount.

The ASR Agreement was accounted for as a settled treasury stock purchase and a forward stock purchase contract. The par value of the initial share delivery was recorded as a reduction to common stock, with the excess purchase price recorded as a reduction to retained earnings. The forward stock purchase contract is accounted for as a contract indexed to our own stock and is classified within capital in excess of par value on our Condensed Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity.

During the three months ended September 30, 2020, we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we repurchased 2,237,320 shares of our common stock for $306.8 million under our repurchase programs, including shares repurchased under the ASR Agreement. As of September 30, 2020, we had $612.5 million remaining authorized under the 2020 Repurchase Program.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses – Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Statements” (Topic 326). This ASU modified the loss methodology for establishing a provision against financial assets, including customer receivables, to include an expected

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future performance component. We adopted ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2020. The adoption did not have a material impact to our financial position, results of operations, or cash flow.

We maintain an allowance for uncollectible accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. We estimate this allowance by analyzing the aging of our customer receivables, our historical loss experience and other trends and factors affecting the credit risk of our customers, including anticipated changes to future performance. Write-offs occur when we determine an account to be uncollectible and could differ from our allowance estimate as a result of factors such as changes in the overall economic environment or risks surrounding our customers. Additional allowances may be required if the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments. We periodically review the underlying assumptions in our estimate of the allowance for uncollectible accounts to ensure that the allowance reflects the most recent trends and factors.

Our allowance for uncollectible accounts was $4.9 million at September 30, 2020. There were no material write-offs to our allowance for uncollectible accounts during the third quarter of 2020.

Note 2. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the daily weighted average number of shares of our common stock outstanding for the period, excluding unvested restricted stock. Unvested restricted stock is included in common shares outstanding on our Condensed Balance Sheets.

Diluted earnings per share is computed using the treasury stock method. The denominator used in calculating diluted earnings per share includes the impact of unvested restricted stock and other dilutive, non-participating securities under our equity award agreements. The denominator excludes contingently-issuable shares under performance-based award agreements when the performance target has not yet been deemed achieved.

The following table provides a reconciliation of the number of shares of common stock used in computing basic and diluted earnings per share:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic		117,188,398		119,820,422		117,946,805		120,711,513
Dilutive effect of share-based awards		745,042		163,731		750,031		171,323
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted		117,933,440		119,984,153		118,696,836		120,882,836

Note 3. Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt, net of unamortized debt issuance costs, consisted of the following:

(In thousands)	September 30, 2020			December 31, 2019
Senior notes	$	144,927		$	45,000
Revolving credit facility		—			—
Total long-term debt		144,927			45,000
Less: Current maturities		(45,000	)		—
Total maturities due after one year	$	99,927		$	45,000

Senior Note Agreements

We had an unsecured senior note agreement with a principal amount outstanding of $45.0 million at each of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (the “Senior Note”). The agreement for the Senior Note calls for a scheduled principal payment of $45.0 million, with an interest rate of 4.79%, on January 3, 2021.

On May 4, 2020, we entered into a Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement with PGIM, Inc. (“Prudential”) and certain affiliates and managed accounts of Prudential (the “Note Agreement”). The Note Agreement, which is uncommitted and subject to Prudential’s sole discretion, provides for the issuance of senior promissory notes with an aggregate principal amount of up to $350.0 million through May 4, 2023. Pursuant to the Note Agreement, we issued $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior promissory notes (the “Series B Notes”), the proceeds of which are available for capital expenditures, share repurchases, dividends,

8

acquisitions, or general corporate purposes. Borrowing availability under the Note Agreement is reduced by the outstanding amount of the existing Senior Note, the Series B Notes, and all other senior promissory notes issued pursuant to the Note Agreement.

The Series B Notes bear interest at 3.10% per annum and mature on May 4, 2027, unless prepaid. Principal payments are required annually beginning on May 4, 2023 in equal installments of $20.0 million through May 4, 2027. The Series B Notes are senior unsecured obligations and rank pari passu with our other senior unsecured indebtedness.

Credit Agreement

On November 21, 2019, we entered into a second amended and restated credit agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association serving as administrative agent for the lenders (the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement provides for a five-year, $250.0 million senior unsecured revolving line of credit and a $150.0 million accordion feature, which if fully exercised and approved, would expand the total borrowing capacity up to an aggregate of $400.0 million. Of the $250.0 million line of credit commitments under the Credit Agreement, up to $100.0 million may be used for letters of credit.

At our option, borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at either: (i) LIBOR (including applicable successor provisions) plus an applicable margin (based on our ratio of net debt-to-total capitalization) that ranges from 1.000% to 1.375%; or (ii) a Base Rate plus an applicable margin (based on our ratio of net debt-to-total capitalization) that ranges from 0.000% to 0.375%. Letter of credit fees equal to the applicable margin for LIBOR loans are charged quarterly in arrears on the daily average aggregate stated amount of all letters of credit outstanding during the quarter. Commitment fees ranging from 0.100% to 0.175% (based upon the ratio of net debt-to-total capitalization) are charged quarterly in arrears on the aggregate unutilized portion of the Credit Agreement.

For periods covered under the Credit Agreement, the applicable margin on LIBOR loans and letter of credit fees were 1.000% and commitment fees were 0.100%.    

The Credit Agreement replaced our previous five-year, $300.0 million senior unsecured revolving credit agreement dated as of December 15, 2015, as amended on September 9, 2016 (the “Prior Credit Agreement”). For periods in 2019 covered under the Prior Credit Agreement, the applicable margin on LIBOR loans and letter of credit fees were 1.000% and commitment fees were 0.125%.

There were $42.1 million and $48.9 million of outstanding letters of credit at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

General Debt Provisions

The Senior Note, Credit Agreement, and Note Agreement contain customary covenants, including financial covenants that require us to observe a maximum ratio of debt to total capital and a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio. The Credit Agreement and Note Agreement also include a provision limiting our ability to make restricted payments, including dividends and payments for share repurchases, unless, among other conditions, no defaults or events of default are ongoing (or would be caused by such restricted payment).

Note 4. Commitments and Contingencies

We are involved in or addressing various legal proceedings and claims, governmental inquiries, notices and investigations that have arisen in the ordinary course of our business and have not been fully adjudicated, some of which may be covered in whole or in part by insurance.  Certain of these matters include collective and/or class-action allegations. We do not believe that the resolution of any of these matters will have a material adverse effect upon our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Note 5. Leases

Our right-of-use assets totaled $100.2 million and $65.3 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, and are presented within “Other assets,” which is classified as long-term, on our Condensed Balance Sheets. Our corresponding lease liabilities consist of a current and a non-current portion. The current lease liability was $12.3 million and $10.4 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, and is presented within “Other accrued liabilities” on our Condensed Balance Sheets. The non-current lease liability was $89.5 million and $56.1 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, and is presented within “Other non-current liabilities” on our Condensed Balance Sheets. During the three-months ended September 30, 2020, we added $41.0 million in new right-of-use assets in exchange for corresponding lease liabilities, which includes leases that were executed prior to December 31, 2019 and commenced in the quarter ended September 30, 2020.

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Note 6. Fair Value Measurements

Short-term investments

A summary of the fair value of our short-term investments as of September 30, 2020 is shown in the table below.

	September 30, 2020		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Certificates of deposit	$	55,000	$	—	$	55,000	$	—
U.S. government securities		75,367		75,367		—		—
Commercial paper		74,927		—		74,927		—
Total	$	205,294	$	75,367	$	129,927	$	—

Our certificates of deposit are measured at carrying value including accrued interest, which approximates fair value due to their short-term nature. Our commercial paper is valued using broker quotes that utilize observable market inputs.

Long-term debt

The carrying value of our total long-term debt, including current maturities, was $144.9 million and $45.0 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The estimated fair value of our total long-term debt, including current maturities, was $151.1 million and $46.1 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The fair value measurement of our senior notes was determined using a discounted cash flow analysis that factors in current market yields for comparable borrowing arrangements under our credit profile. Since this methodology is based upon market yields for comparable arrangements, the measurement is categorized as Level 2 under the three-level fair value hierarchy as established by the FASB.

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ITEM 2.    MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Overview

We are a leading, less-than-truckload (“LTL”), union-free motor carrier providing regional, inter-regional and national LTL services through a single integrated organization. Our service offerings, which include expedited transportation, are provided through an expansive network of service centers located throughout the continental United States. Through strategic alliances, we also provide LTL services throughout North America. In addition to our core LTL services, we offer a range of value-added services including container drayage, truckload brokerage and supply chain consulting. More than 97% of our revenue has historically been derived from transporting LTL shipments for our customers, whose demand for our services is generally tied to industrial production and the overall health of the U.S. domestic economy.

In analyzing the components of our revenue, we monitor changes and trends in our LTL volumes and LTL revenue per hundredweight.  While LTL revenue per hundredweight is a yield measurement, it is also a commonly-used indicator for general pricing trends in the LTL industry.  This yield metric is not a true measure of price, however, as it can be influenced by many other factors, such as changes in fuel surcharges, weight per shipment and length of haul.  As a result, changes in revenue per hundredweight do not necessarily indicate actual changes in underlying base rates.  LTL revenue per hundredweight and the key factors that can impact this metric are described in more detail below:

• LTL Revenue Per Hundredweight - Our LTL transportation services are generally priced based on weight, commodity, and distance.  This measurement reflects the application of our pricing policies to the services we provide, which are influenced by competitive market conditions and our growth objectives. Generally, freight is rated by a class system, which is established by the National Motor Freight Traffic Association, Inc. Light, bulky freight typically has a higher class and is priced at higher revenue per hundredweight than dense, heavy freight. Fuel surcharges, accessorial charges, revenue adjustments and revenue for undelivered freight are included in this measurement. Revenue for undelivered freight is deferred for financial statement purposes in accordance with our revenue recognition policy; however, we believe including it in our revenue per hundredweight metrics results in a more accurate representation of the underlying changes in our yields by matching total billed revenue with the corresponding weight of those shipments.

• LTL Weight Per Shipment - Fluctuations in weight per shipment can indicate changes in the mix of freight we receive from our customers, as well as changes in the number of units included in a shipment. Generally, increases in weight per shipment indicate higher demand for our customers’ products and overall increased economic activity. Changes in weight per shipment can also be influenced by shifts between LTL and other modes of transportation, such as truckload and intermodal, in response to capacity, service and pricing issues. Fluctuations in weight per shipment generally have an inverse effect on our revenue per hundredweight, as a decrease in weight per shipment will typically cause an increase in revenue per hundredweight.

• Average Length of Haul - We consider lengths of haul less than 500 miles to be regional traffic, lengths of haul between 500 miles and 1,000 miles to be inter-regional traffic, and lengths of haul in excess of 1,000 miles to be national traffic. This metric is used to analyze our tonnage and pricing trends for shipments with similar characteristics, and also allows for comparison with other transportation providers serving specific markets. By analyzing this metric, we can determine the success and growth potential of our service products in these markets. Changes in length of haul generally have a direct effect on our revenue per hundredweight, as an increase in length of haul will typically cause an increase in revenue per hundredweight.

• LTL Revenue Per Shipment - This measurement is primarily determined by the three metrics listed above and is used in conjunction with the number of LTL shipments we receive to evaluate LTL revenue.

Our primary revenue focus is to increase density, which is shipment and tonnage growth within our existing infrastructure. Increases in density allow us to maximize our asset utilization and labor productivity, which we measure over many different functional areas of our operations including linehaul load factor, pickup and delivery (“P&D”) stops per hour, P&D shipments per hour, platform pounds handled per hour and platform shipments per hour. In addition to our focus on density and operating efficiencies, it is critical for us to obtain an appropriate yield, which is measured as revenue per hundredweight, on the shipments we handle to offset our cost inflation and support our ongoing investments in capacity and technology. We regularly monitor the components of our pricing, including base freight rates, accessorial charges and fuel surcharges. The fuel surcharge is generally designed to offset fluctuations in the cost of our petroleum-based products and is indexed to diesel fuel prices published by the U.S. Department of Energy, which reset each week. We believe our yield management process focused on individual account profitability, and ongoing improvements in operating efficiencies, are both key components of our ability to produce profitable growth.

Our primary cost elements are direct wages and benefits associated with the movement of freight, operating supplies and expenses, which include diesel fuel, and depreciation of our equipment fleet and service center facilities. We gauge our overall success

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in managing costs by monitoring our operating ratio, a measure of profitability calculated by dividing total operating expenses by revenue, which also allows for industry-wide comparisons with our competition.

We regularly upgrade our technological capabilities to improve our customer service and lower our operating costs. Our technology provides our customers with visibility of their shipments throughout our network, increases the productivity of our workforce, and provides key metrics that we use to monitor and enhance our processes.

Our financial results for the first nine months of 2020 include the adverse impacts associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. We initially saw a significant decline in revenue at the beginning of April 2020, resulting from stay-at-home and other similar orders. We responded to the pandemic by implementing measures to help ensure the health and safety of our OD Family of employees, and this continues to be our top priority. We also adjusted our operations and workforce to address the decrease in shipment volumes while creating a plan to limit our discretionary spending. Since that initial decrease in April 2020, our shipment volumes improved sequentially each month through the end of the third quarter, with LTL shipments per day in September actually exceeding our pre-pandemic shipment volumes.  We will continue to monitor the effects of the pandemic on the domestic economy as well as our business and operations. While we may make further adjustments to our operations in response to short-term changes in demand, we will continue to focus on executing our long-term strategic plan and investing in the necessary resources to win long-term market share.

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, expenses and other items as a percentage of revenue from operations:

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Revenue from operations		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%
Operating expenses:
Salaries, wages and benefits		49.6			50.9			51.3			51.2
Operating supplies and expenses		8.5			11.2			9.3			11.7
General supplies and expenses		2.6			3.2			3.0			3.2
Operating taxes and licenses		2.8			2.8			2.9			2.8
Insurance and claims		1.1			1.1			1.1			1.1
Communications and utilities		0.7			0.8			0.8			0.7
Depreciation and amortization		6.2			6.0			6.7			6.1
Purchased transportation		2.4			2.2			2.2			2.2
Miscellaneous expenses, net		0.6			1.1			0.5			0.7
Total operating expenses		74.5			79.3			77.8			79.7
Operating income		25.5			20.7			22.2			20.3
Interest expense (income), net		0.1			(0.2	)		—			(0.2	)
Other expense, net		0.1			0.1			0.2			0.0
Income before income taxes		25.3			20.8			22.0			20.5
Provision for income taxes		6.3			5.1			5.6			5.3
Net income		19.0	%		15.7	%		16.4	%		15.2	%

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Results of Operations

Key financial and operating metrics for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 are presented below:

	Three Months Ended									Nine Months Ended
	September 30,									September 30,
	2020			2019			% Change			2020			2019			% Change
Work days		64			64			—			192			191			0.5	%
Revenue (in thousands)	$	1,058,166		$	1,048,457			0.9	%	$	2,941,740		$	3,099,905			(5.1	)%
Operating ratio		74.5	%		79.3	%					77.8	%		79.7	%
Net income (in thousands)	$	201,868		$	164,099			23.0	%	$	482,850		$	471,494			2.4	%
Diluted earnings per share	$	1.71		$	1.37			24.8	%	$	4.07		$	3.90			4.4	%
LTL tons (in thousands)		2,309			2,279			1.3	%		6,490			6,792			(4.4	)%
LTL tonnage per day		36,078			35,609			1.3	%		33,802			35,560			(4.9	)%
LTL shipments (in thousands)		2,859			2,951			(3.1	)%		8,054			8,740			(7.8	)%
LTL shipments per day		44,672			46,109			(3.1	)%		41,948			45,759			(8.3	)%
LTL weight per shipment (lbs.)		1,615			1,545			4.5	%		1,612			1,554			3.7	%
LTL revenue per hundredweight	$	22.74		$	22.87			(0.6	)%	$	22.44		$	22.57			(0.6	)%
LTL revenue per shipment	$	367.28		$	353.24			4.0	%	$	361.74		$	350.79			3.1	%
Average length of haul (miles)		933			918			1.6	%		924			918			0.7	%

All references in this report to shares outstanding, weighted average shares outstanding, earnings per share, and dividends per share amounts have been restated retroactively to reflect the three-for-two stock split effected in March 2020.

Our financial results for the third quarter of 2020 reflect Company records in operating ratio and earnings per diluted share. Our revenue increased $9.7 million, or 0.9%, in the third quarter of 2020 as compared to the same period of 2019. This slight increase in revenue reflects improving demand trends following an initial decline in volumes at the beginning of the second quarter associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The sequential acceleration of tonnage in the third quarter of 2020 resulting from a rebound in the domestic economy, combined with our ability to control our costs, led to a 24.8% increase in earnings per diluted share and a 480 basis-point improvement in our operating ratio as compared to the same period of last year.

Revenue

Revenue increased $9.7 million, or 0.9%, in the third quarter of 2020 as compared to the same period of 2019, due to an increase in LTL tons that was partially offset by a decrease in LTL revenue per hundredweight. The increase in LTL tons was driven by an increase in weight per shipment that was partially offset by a decrease in LTL shipments.  Revenue decreased $158.2 million, or 5.1%, in the first nine months of 2020 as compared to the same period of 2019, due to a decrease in volumes and LTL revenue per hundredweight. The decrease in LTL shipments for the first nine months of 2020 as compared to the same period of 2019 includes the impact from the slowdown in the domestic economy associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, primarily during the second quarter of 2020.

Our LTL revenue per hundredweight decreased 0.6% in both the third quarter and first nine months of 2020, as compared to the same periods of 2019, and reflects lower fuel surcharges resulting from significant declines in the average price of diesel fuel for the comparable periods.  The decreases in LTL revenue per hundredweight also include the adverse impact of increases in our LTL weight per shipment on this metric for the periods compared. Excluding fuel surcharges, our LTL revenue per hundredweight increased 2.6% and 1.9% in the third quarter and first nine months of 2020, respectively, as compared to the same periods of 2019. Our LTL revenue per shipment increased 4.0% and 3.1% in the third quarter and first nine months of 2020, respectively, as compared to the same periods of 2019. The increases in these yield metrics reflect our ongoing commitment to maintaining our yield management strategy which is supported by our best-in-class service to customers.

October 2020 Update

Revenue per day increased 2.6% in October 2020 compared to the same month last year. LTL tons per day increased 2.2%, due primarily to a 2.4% increase in LTL weight per shipment that was partially offset by a 0.2% decrease in LTL shipments per day. LTL revenue per hundredweight increased 0.3% as compared to the same month last year. LTL revenue per hundredweight, excluding fuel surcharges, increased 3.5% as compared to the same month last year.

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Operating Costs and Other Expenses

Salaries, wages and benefits for the third quarter of 2020 decreased $8.8 million, or 1.6%, as compared to the same period of 2019 due to a $5.7 million decrease in benefit costs and a $3.1 million decrease in the costs attributable to salaries and wages. Salaries, wages and benefits for the first nine months of 2020 decreased $78.3 million, or 4.9%, as compared to the same period of 2019 due to a $45.5 million decrease in the costs attributable to salaries and wages and a $32.8 million decrease in benefit costs.  The decreases in salaries and wages for both the third quarter and first nine months of 2020 were due to decreases in the average number of active full-time employees and improvements in productivity. Our average number of active full-time employees decreased 1,655, or 8.1%, and 1,858, or 9.0%, in the third quarter and first nine months of 2020, respectively, as compared to the same periods of 2019, as we aligned our headcount with shipment volume trends. We believe our active full-time employee count will increase as we continue to hire employees to balance our workforce with growing demand and shipment trends.  

Our productive labor costs, which include wages for drivers, platform employees, and fleet technicians, declined as a percentage of revenue to 26.8% for the third quarter of 2020 from 27.5% for the same period of 2019. For the first nine months of 2020, our productive labor costs increased slightly to 27.8% from 27.6% for the same period of 2019. While our productive labor costs as a percentage of revenue were negatively impacted by the deleveraging effect of lower fuel surcharges, we improved productivity in our P&D and platform operations during the third quarter and first nine months of 2020 as compared to the same periods of 2019. Our other salaries and wages as a percentage of revenue remained consistent at 9.8% for both the third quarter of 2020 and the same period of 2019. For the first nine months of 2020, our other salaries and wages increased as a percentage of revenue to 10.6% from 10.3% for the same period of 2019.

Employee benefit costs decreased $5.7 million, or 4.0%, in the third quarter of 2020, and $32.8 million, or 7.9%, in the first nine months of 2020, as compared to the same periods of 2019. These decreases were primarily driven by a reduction in expense related to our phantom stock plans, which were amended in the fourth quarter of 2019 to allow the awards to be settled in stock and limit our ongoing benefits expense in future periods. For the first nine months of 2020, the decrease in our employee benefit costs also includes the impact of lower health care costs resulting from a decline in claims per employee during the second quarter of 2020, in addition to a decrease in payroll taxes related to the reduction in salaries and wages. Our employee benefit costs, as a percent of salaries and wages, decreased to 35.5% and 33.8% for the third quarter and first nine months of 2020, respectively, from 36.6% and 35.3% for the same periods of 2019.

Operating supplies and expenses decreased $27.1 million and $87.7 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2020, respectively, as compared to the same periods of 2019, due primarily to a decrease in our costs for diesel fuel used in our vehicles. Our diesel fuel costs, excluding fuel taxes, represents the largest component of operating supplies and expenses, and can vary based on both the average price per gallon and consumption. Our average cost per gallon of diesel fuel decreased 34.3% and 32.0% in the third quarter and first nine months of 2020, respectively, as compared to the same periods of 2019.  In addition, our gallons consumed decreased 1.5% and 6.4% in the third quarter and first nine months of 2020, respectively, as compared to the same periods of 2019 due to a decrease in miles driven. We do not use diesel fuel hedging instruments; therefore, our costs are subject to market price fluctuations. Other operating supplies and expenses improved as a percent of revenue between the periods compared as we efficiently maintained our fleet and managed our other operating supplies and expenses.

General supplies and expenses decreased $6.2 million, or 18.6%, in the third quarter of 2020, and $10.7 million, or 11.0%, in the first nine months of 2020, as compared to the same periods of 2019. These decreases were primarily driven by lower advertising and marketing costs as we controlled our discretionary spending, as well as lower travel-related expenses, which was primarily driven by impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Depreciation and amortization increased slightly by $1.5 million and $7.0 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2020, respectively, as compared to the same periods of 2019. While our 2020 capital expenditure plan is lower than 2019, particularly with respect to revenue equipment and real estate, we believe depreciation expense will continue to increase as we expand capacity to support our continued long-term growth and strategic initiatives.

Our effective tax rate for the third quarter and first nine months of 2020 was 24.8% and 25.5%, as compared to 24.9% and 25.7% for the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively. Our effective tax rate generally exceeds the federal statutory rate due to the impact of state taxes and, to a lesser extent, certain other non-deductible items.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

A summary of our cash flows is presented below:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
(In thousands)	2020			2019
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	$	403,571		$	190,282
Cash flows provided by (used in):
Operating activities		686,458			747,515
Investing activities		(368,449	)		(367,712	)
Financing activities		(301,184	)		(247,799	)
Increase in cash and cash equivalents		16,825			132,004
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	420,396		$	322,286

The change in our cash flows provided by operating activities during the first nine months of 2020 as compared to the first nine months of 2019 was primarily due to decreases in deferred income tax liabilities and changes in working capital accounts.

The change in our cash flows used in investing activities during the first nine months of 2020 as compared to the first nine months of 2019 was primarily due to purchases of short-term investments in the third quarter of 2020, offset by a reduction in planned capital expenditures for equipment as compared to 2019.  Changes in our capital expenditures are more fully described below in “Capital Expenditures.”

The change in our cash flows used in financing activities during the first nine months of 2020 as compared to the first nine months of 2019 was primarily due to increased share repurchases as well as an increase in dividends paid, offset by the receipt of proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt. Our return of capital to shareholders is more fully described below under “Stock Repurchase Program” and “Dividends to Shareholders”. Our financing arrangements are more fully described below under “Financing Arrangements.”

We have five primary sources of available liquidity: cash and cash equivalents, cash flows from operations, short-term investments, available borrowings under our second amended and restated credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”), and our Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement (the “Note Agreement”). Our Credit Agreement and the Note Agreement are described in more detail below under “Financing Arrangements.” We believe we also have sufficient access to debt and equity markets to provide other sources of liquidity, if needed. While the COVID-19 pandemic creates some uncertainty for the domestic economy, we believe our current sources of liquidity will be sufficient to satisfy our expected capital expenditures.

Capital Expenditures

The table below sets forth our net capital expenditures for property and equipment for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2020 and the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017:

	September 30,			December 31,
(In thousands)	2020			2019			2018			2017
Land and structures	$	130,083		$	250,387		$	247,291		$	179,150
Tractors		17,518			75,418			185,209			123,152
Trailers		2,151			88,115			98,835			37,424
Technology		7,650			30,424			20,309			19,329
Other equipment and assets		9,057			34,981			36,648			23,070
Proceeds from sales		(3,411	)		(5,686	)		(6,983	)		(12,240	)
Total	$	163,048		$	473,639		$	581,309		$	369,885

Our capital expenditures vary based upon the projected increase in the number and size of our service center facilities necessary to support our plan for long-term growth, our planned tractor and trailer replacement cycle, and forecasted tonnage and shipment growth. Expenditures for land and structures can be dependent upon the availability of land in the geographic areas where we are looking to expand. We expect to continue to maintain a high level of capital expenditures in order to support our long-term plan for market share growth.

We estimate capital expenditures will be approximately $240 million for the year ending December 31, 2020. Approximately $195 million is allocated for the purchase of service center facilities, construction of new service center facilities or expansion of

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existing service center facilities, subject to the availability of suitable real estate and the timing of construction projects; approximately $25 million is allocated for investments in technology and other assets; and approximately $20 million is allocated for the purchase of tractors and trailers. We expect to fund these capital expenditures primarily through cash flows from operations, our existing cash and cash equivalents, and, if needed, borrowings available under our Credit Agreement. We believe our current sources of liquidity will be sufficient to satisfy our expected capital expenditures.

Stock Repurchase Program

On May 1, 2020, we announced that our Board of Directors had approved a new two-year stock repurchase program authorizing us to repurchase up to an aggregate of $700.0 million of our outstanding common stock (the “2020 Repurchase Program”). The 2020 Repurchase Program became effective upon the termination of our $350.0 million repurchase program on May 29, 2020, as of which date $21.5 million remained authorized under the prior program. Under the 2020 Repurchase Program, we may repurchase shares from time to time in open market purchases or through privately negotiated transactions. Shares of our common stock repurchased under our repurchase program are canceled at the time of repurchase and are classified as authorized but unissued shares of our common stock.

During the nine-month period ended September 30, 2020, we repurchased 2,237,320 shares of our common stock for $306.8 million under our repurchase programs, including shares repurchased under our accelerated share repurchase agreement. As of September 30, 2020, we had $612.5 million remaining authorized under the 2020 Repurchase Program.

Dividends to Shareholders

On February 21, 2020, we announced that our Board of Directors approved a three-for-two split of our common stock for shareholders of record as of the close of business on the record date of March 10, 2020. On March 24, 2020, those shareholders received one additional share of common stock for every two shares owned. In lieu of fractional shares, shareholders received a cash payment based on the average of the high and low sales prices of our common stock on the record date.

All references in this report to dividend amounts have been restated retroactively to reflect this stock split. Split-adjusted quarterly per-share metrics may not recalculate precisely due to rounding.

Our Board of Directors also declared a cash dividend of $0.15 per share for each quarter of 2020, and declared a cash dividend of $0.11 per share for each quarter of 2019.

Although we intend to pay a quarterly cash dividend on our common stock for the foreseeable future, the declaration and amount of any future dividend is subject to approval by our Board of Directors, and is restricted by applicable state law limitations on distributions to shareholders as well as certain covenants under our Credit Agreement and Note Agreement. We anticipate that any future quarterly cash dividends will be funded through cash flows from operations, our existing cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, and, if needed, borrowings available under our Credit Agreement.

Financing Arrangements

Senior Note Agreements

We had an unsecured senior note agreement with a principal amount outstanding of $45.0 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (the “Senior Note”). The agreement for the Senior Note calls for a scheduled principal payment of $45.0 million, with an interest rate of 4.79%, on January 3, 2021.

On May 4, 2020, we entered into the Note Agreement with PGIM, Inc. (“Prudential”) and certain affiliates and managed accounts of Prudential. The Note Agreement, which is uncommitted and subject to Prudential’s sole discretion, provides for the issuance of senior promissory notes with an aggregate principal amount of up to $350.0 million through May 4, 2023. Pursuant to the Note Agreement, we issued $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior promissory notes (the “Series B Notes”), the proceeds of which are available for capital expenditures, share repurchases, dividends, acquisitions, or general corporate purposes. Borrowing availability under the Note Agreement is reduced by the outstanding amount of the existing Senior Note, the Series B Notes, and all other senior promissory notes issued pursuant to the Note Agreement.

The Series B Notes bear interest at 3.10% per annum and mature on May 4, 2027, unless prepaid. Principal payments are required annually beginning on May 4, 2023 in equal installments of $20.0 million through May 4, 2027. The Series B Notes are senior unsecured obligations and rank pari passu with our other senior unsecured indebtedness.

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Credit Agreement

On November 21, 2019, we entered into our Credit Agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association serving as administrative agent for the lenders. The Credit Agreement provides for a five-year, $250.0 million senior unsecured revolving line of credit and a $150.0 million accordion feature, which if fully exercised and approved, would expand the total borrowing capacity up to an aggregate of $400.0 million. Of the $250.0 million line of credit commitments under the Credit Agreement, up to $100.0 million may be used for letters of credit.

At our option, borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at either: (i) LIBOR (including applicable successor provisions) plus an applicable margin (based on our ratio of net debt-to-total capitalization) that ranges from 1.000% to 1.375%; or (ii) a Base Rate plus an applicable margin (based on our ratio of net debt-to-total capitalization) that ranges from 0.000% to 0.375%. Letter of credit fees equal to the applicable margin for LIBOR loans are charged quarterly in arrears on the daily average aggregate stated amount of all letters of credit outstanding during the quarter. Commitment fees ranging from 0.100% to 0.175% (based upon the ratio of net debt-to-total capitalization) are charged quarterly in arrears on the aggregate unutilized portion of the Credit Agreement.

For periods covered under the Credit Agreement, the applicable margin on LIBOR loans and letter of credit fees were 1.000% and commitment fees were 0.100%.

The Credit Agreement replaced our previous five-year, $300.0 million senior unsecured revolving credit agreement dated as of December 15, 2015, as amended on September 9, 2016 (the “Prior Credit Agreement”). For periods in 2019 covered under the Prior Credit Agreement, the applicable margin on LIBOR loans and letter of credit fees were 1.000% and commitment fees were 0.125%.

The amounts outstanding and available borrowing capacity under the Credit Agreement are presented below:

	September 30,			December 31,
(In thousands)	2020			2019
Facility limit	$	250,000		$	250,000
Line of credit borrowings		—			—
Outstanding letters of credit		(42,134	)		(48,915	)
Available borrowing capacity under the Credit Agreement	$	207,866		$	201,085

General Debt Provisions

The Senior Note, Credit Agreement, and Note Agreement contain customary covenants, including financial covenants that require us to observe a maximum ratio of debt to total capital and a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio. The Credit Agreement and Note Agreement also include a provision limiting our ability to make restricted payments, including dividends and payments for share repurchases, unless, among other conditions, no defaults or events of default are ongoing (or would be caused by such restricted payment). We were in compliance with all covenants in our outstanding debt instruments for the period ended September 30, 2020.

The interest rate is fixed on the Senior Note and Note Agreement. Therefore, short-term exposure to fluctuations in interest rates is limited to our line of credit facility. We do not currently use interest rate derivative instruments to manage exposure to interest rate changes.

We do not anticipate financial performance that would cause us to violate any such covenants in the future, and we believe the combination of our existing Credit Agreement and Note Agreement along with our additional borrowing capacity will be sufficient to meet foreseeable seasonal and long-term capital needs.

Critical Accounting Policies

In preparing our condensed financial statements, we applied the same critical accounting policies as described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 that affect judgments and estimates of amounts recorded for certain assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses.

Seasonality

Our tonnage levels and revenue mix are subject to seasonal trends common in our industry, although other factors, such as macroeconomic changes, could cause variation in these trends. Our revenue and operating margins in the first and fourth quarters are typically lower than those during the second and third quarters due to reduced shipments during the winter months; however, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the domestic economy has impacted, and may continue to impact, our normal seasonal trends.

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Harsh winter weather, hurricanes, tornadoes, and floods can also adversely impact our performance by reducing demand and increasing operating expenses. We believe seasonal trends will continue to impact our business.

Environmental Regulation

We are subject to various federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations that focus on, among other things: the disposal, emission and discharge of hazardous waste, hazardous materials, or other materials into the environment or their presence at our properties or in our vehicles; fuel storage tanks; transportation of certain materials; and the discharge or retention of storm water. Under specific environmental laws, we could also be held responsible for any costs relating to contamination at our past or present facilities and at third-party waste disposal sites, as well as costs associated with clean-up of accidents involving our vehicles. We do not believe that the cost of future compliance with current environmental laws or regulations will have a material adverse effect on our operations, financial condition, competitive position or capital expenditures for the remainder of 2020 or fiscal year 2021. However, future changes to laws or regulations may adversely affect our operations and could result in unforeseen costs to our business.

Forward-Looking Information

Forward-looking statements appear in this report, including, but not limited to, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and in other written and oral statements made by or on behalf of us. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements relating to our goals, strategies, expectations, competitive environment, regulation, availability of resources, future events and future financial performance. Such forward-looking statements are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements typically can be identified by such words as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “forecast,” “project,” “intend,” “expect,” “believe,” “should,” “could,” “may” or other similar words or expressions. We caution readers that such forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the risk factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 and in other reports and statements that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Such forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from those expressed or implied herein, including, but not limited to, the following, many of which will continue to be amplified by the current COVID-19 pandemic:

• the competitive environment with respect to industry capacity and pricing, including the use of fuel surcharges, which could negatively impact our total overall pricing strategy and our ability to cover our operating expenses;

• our ability to collect fuel surcharges and the effectiveness of those fuel surcharges in mitigating the impact of fluctuating prices for diesel fuel and other petroleum-based products;

• the negative impact of any unionization, or the passage of legislation or regulations that could facilitate unionization, of our employees;

• the challenges associated with executing our growth strategy, including our ability to successfully consummate and integrate any acquisitions; 

• changes in our goals and strategies, which are subject to revision at any time at our discretion;

• various economic factors such as recessions, downturns in the economy, global uncertainty and instability, changes in international trade policies, changes in U.S. social, political, and regulatory conditions or a disruption of financial markets, which may decrease demand for our services or increase our costs; 

• public health issues, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, that may negatively affect the economy;

• changes in relationships with our significant customers;

• the impact of changes in tax laws, rates, guidance and interpretations, including those related to certain provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act;

• increases in driver and maintenance technician compensation or difficulties attracting and retaining qualified drivers and maintenance technicians to meet freight demand; 

18

• our exposure to claims related to cargo loss and damage, property damage, personal injury, workers’ compensation, group health and group dental, including increased premiums, adverse loss development, increased self-insured retention or deductible levels and claims in excess of insured coverage levels; 

• cost increases associated with employee benefits, including costs associated with employee healthcare plans;

• the availability and cost of capital for our significant ongoing cash requirements;

• the availability and cost of new equipment and replacement parts, including regulatory changes and supply constraints that could impact the cost of these assets;

• decreases in demand for, and the value of, used equipment;

• the availability and cost of diesel fuel;

• the costs and potential liabilities related to compliance with, or violations of, existing or future governmental laws and regulations, including environmental laws, engine emissions standards, hours-of-service for our drivers, driver fitness requirements and new safety standards for drivers and equipment;

• the costs and potential liabilities related to various legal proceedings and claims that have arisen in the ordinary course of our business, some of which include collective and/or class action allegations; 

• the costs and potential liabilities related to governmental proceedings, inquiries, notices or investigations; 

• the costs and potential liabilities related to our international business relationships;

• the costs and potential adverse impact of compliance with, or violations of, current and future rules issued by the Department of Transportation, the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (the “FMCSA”) and other regulatory agencies; 

• the costs and potential adverse impact of compliance associated with FMCSA’s electronic logging device (“ELD”) regulations and guidance, including the operation of our fleet and safety management systems on the ELD hardware and software platform;

• seasonal trends in the LTL industry, including harsh weather conditions and disasters;

• our ability to retain our key employees and continue to effectively execute our succession plan;

• the concentration of our stock ownership with the Congdon family;

• the costs and potential adverse impact associated with future changes in accounting standards or practices;

• potential costs and liabilities associated with cyber incidents and other risks with respect to our systems and networks or those of our third-party service providers, including system failure, security breach, disruption by malware or ransomware or other damage;

• failure to comply with data privacy, security or other laws and regulations;

• failure to keep pace with developments in technology, any disruption to our technology infrastructure, or failures of essential services upon which our technology platforms rely, which could cause us to incur costs or result in a loss of business;

• the costs and potential adverse impact associated with transitional challenges in upgrading or enhancing our technology systems;

• legal, regulatory or market responses to climate change concerns;

• damage to our reputation through unfavorable perceptions or publicity, including those related to environmental, social and governance issues, cybersecurity and data privacy concerns; 

19

• failure to adapt to new technologies implemented by our competitors in the LTL and transportation industry;

• the costs and potential adverse impact of compliance with anti-terrorism measures on our business;

• dilution to existing shareholders caused by any issuance of additional equity;

• the impact of a quarterly cash dividend or the failure to declare future cash dividends;

• fluctuations in the amount and frequency of our stock repurchases;

• recent and future volatility in the market value of our common stock; 

• the impact of certain provisions in our articles of incorporation, bylaws, and Virginia law that could discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of us or a change in our management; and

• other risks and uncertainties described in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and other filings with the SEC.

Our forward-looking statements are based upon our beliefs and assumptions using information available at the time the statements are made. We caution the reader not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements as (i) these statements are neither a prediction nor a guarantee of future events or circumstances and (ii) the assumptions, beliefs, expectations and projections about future events may differ materially from actual results. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement to reflect developments occurring after the statement is made, except as otherwise required by law.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Except as noted below, there have been no material changes to our market risk exposures as described in Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk,” contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.

We maintain an investment portfolio principally composed of certificates of deposit, U.S. government securities, and commercial paper. At September 30, 2020, these investments totaled $205.3 million. These fixed rate securities are subject to interest rate risk, as sharp increases in market interest rates could have an adverse impact on their fair value. Although the fair values of these instruments can fluctuate, we believe that the short-term, highly liquid nature of these debt securities, and our ability to hold these instruments to maturity, reduces our risk for potential material losses. A hypothetical 100 basis point change in market interest rates at September 30, 2020 would have had an immaterial impact on the fair value of these investments.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report, our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures in accordance with Rule 13a-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report, our CEO and CFO concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (a) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure, and (b) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

b) Changes in internal control over financial reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. As a part of this assessment, we considered the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our internal control over financial reporting. We will continue to monitor and assess the COVID-19 pandemic to determine any potential impact on the design and operating effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are involved in or addressing various legal proceedings and claims, governmental inquiries, notices and investigations that have arisen in the ordinary course of our business and have not been fully adjudicated, some of which may be covered in whole or in part by insurance.  Certain of these matters include collective and/or class-action allegations. We do not believe that the resolution of any of these matters will have a material adverse effect upon our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Item 103 of SEC Regulation S-K requires disclosure of environmental legal proceedings with a governmental authority if management reasonably believes that the proceedings may involve potential monetary sanctions of $100,000 or more. The following matter is disclosed in accordance with that requirement. We do not believe that any possible loss that may be incurred in connection with the matter will be material to our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

On May 12, 2017, we received a letter from the Orange County California District Attorney’s Office concerning suspected violations of California laws with respect to waste handling practices.  As part of the civil investigation conducted in coordination with other California counties, we have shared information about our waste handling practices at our facilities throughout the state. We are in discussions concerning resolution of this matter.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this report and in our other reports and statements that we file with the SEC, including our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, careful consideration should be given to the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, which could materially affect our business, financial condition and future results. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

Other than the risk identified below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors identified in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

We face various risks related to health epidemics, pandemics and similar outbreaks that have had, and may continue to have, adverse effects on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the related changes in the economic and political conditions in markets in which we operate have had adverse impacts on our business, results of operations and financial condition, and on those of our customers and suppliers, and these adverse impacts may continue.  These impacts and potential impacts include, among other things, significant reductions or volatility in demand for our services, inability of our customers to pay for our services, and failure of our suppliers or third-party service providers to meet their obligations to us. We may also experience capacity constraints in one or more geographic areas if a significant number of our employees in any such region are affected by COVID-19. Furthermore, COVID-19 has impacted and may further impact the global economy, including negatively impacting the proper functioning of financial and capital markets and interest rates, which has impacted the cost of capital and has limited access to capital.  As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition, it has heightened, and will likely continue to heighten, other risks to which we are subject, including those related to economic downturns, customer/supplier/vendor operations, changes in political and regulatory conditions, liquidity, and industry pricing environment stability, as described in more detail in Item 1A., “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. Despite our efforts to manage our exposure to these risks, the ultimate impact of COVID-19 and similar outbreaks depends on factors beyond our knowledge or control, including the duration and severity of any outbreak and governmental/social actions taken to contain its spread and mitigate its public health impact.

Item 6. Exhibits

The exhibits listed in the accompanying Exhibit Index are filed as a part of this report.

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EXHIBIT INDEX

TO QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

Exhibit No.	Description
31.1	Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2	Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1	Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2	Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101	The following financial information from our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, filed on November 6, 2020, formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language) includes: (i) the Condensed Balance Sheets at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, (ii) the Condensed Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, (iii) the Condensed Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, (iv) the Condensed Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, and (v) the Notes to the Condensed Financial Statements
104	The cover page from our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, formatted in iXBRL

Our SEC file number reference for documents filed with the SEC pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is 0-19582.

23

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		OLD DOMINION FREIGHT LINE, INC.
DATE:	November 6, 2020	/s/  ADAM N. SATTERFIELD
		Adam N. Satterfield
		Senior Vice President - Finance and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
DATE:	November 6, 2020	/s/  KIMBERLY S. MAREADY
		Kimberly S. Maready
		Vice President - Accounting and Finance (Principal Accounting Officer)

24

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Greg C. Gantt, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Old Dominion Freight Line, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	November 6, 2020
		/s/ GREG C. GANTT
		President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Adam N. Satterfield, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Old Dominion Freight Line, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	November 6, 2020
		/s/ ADAM N. SATTERFIELD
		Senior Vice President - Finance and
		Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906

OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Greg C. Gantt, state and attest that:

(1) I am the President and Chief Executive Officer of Old Dominion Freight Line, Inc. (the “Issuer”).

(2) Accompanying this certification is the Issuer’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020 (the “Quarterly Report”), a periodic report filed by the Issuer with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which contains financial statements.

(3) I hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:

◦ The Quarterly Report containing the financial statements fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, and

◦ The information contained in the Quarterly Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Issuer for the periods presented.

/s/ GREG C. GANTT
Name:	Greg C. Gantt
Date:	November 6, 2020

EX-32.2

EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906

OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Adam N. Satterfield, state and attest that:

(1) I am the Senior Vice President - Finance and Chief Financial Officer of Old Dominion Freight Line, Inc. (the “Issuer”).

(2) Accompanying this certification is the Issuer’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020 (the “Quarterly Report”), a periodic report filed by the Issuer with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which contains financial statements.

(3) I hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:

◦ The Quarterly Report containing the financial statements fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, and

◦ The information contained in the Quarterly Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Issuer for the periods presented.

/s/ ADAM N. SATTERFIELD
Name:	Adam N. Satterfield
Date:	November 6, 2020

XML

Document And Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Nov. 04, 2020
Cover [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	OLD DOMINION FREIGHT LINE, INC.
Entity Central Index Key	0000878927
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2020
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2020
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Trading Symbol	ODFL
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		117,331,447
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	0-19582
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	VA
Entity Tax Identification Number	56-0751714
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	27360
Entity Address, Address Line One	500 Old Dominion Way
Entity Address, City or Town	Thomasville
Entity Address, State or Province	NC
City Area Code	336
Local Phone Number	889-5000
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock ($0.10 par value)
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Shell Company	false

XML

Condensed Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 420,396	$ 403,571
Short-term investments	205,294
Customer receivables, less allowances of $10,286 and $8,866, respectively	453,346	397,579
Other receivables	9,578	10,586
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	49,882	55,098
Total current assets	1,138,496	866,834
Property and equipment:
Revenue equipment	1,892,005	1,898,999
Land and structures	2,167,557	2,039,937
Other fixed assets	495,268	482,425
Leasehold improvements	12,043	11,709
Total property and equipment	4,566,873	4,433,070
Accumulated depreciation	(1,631,398)	(1,464,235)
Net property and equipment	2,935,475	2,968,835
Goodwill	19,463	19,463
Other assets	180,254	140,436
Total assets	4,273,688	3,995,568
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	59,229	70,254
Compensation and benefits	217,154	192,524
Claims and insurance accruals	54,493	54,330
Other accrued liabilities	60,141	46,130
Income taxes payable	13,271	2,847
Current maturities of long-term debt	45,000
Total current liabilities	449,288	366,085
Long-term liabilities:
Long-term debt	99,927	45,000
Other non-current liabilities	316,831	241,802
Deferred income taxes	236,809	261,964
Total long-term liabilities	653,567	548,766
Total liabilities	1,102,855	914,851
Commitments and contingent liabilities
Shareholders’ equity:
Common stock - $0.10 par value, 280,000,000 shares authorized, 117,331,447 shares outstanding at September 30, 2020 and 140,000,000 shares authorized, 119,532,534 shares outstanding at December 31, 2019	11,733	11,953
Capital in excess of par value	185,991	218,462
Retained earnings	2,973,109	2,850,302
Total shareholders’ equity	3,170,833	3,080,717
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$ 4,273,688	$ 3,995,568

XML

Condensed Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Statement Of Financial Position [Abstract]
Customer receivables, allowances	$ 10,286	$ 8,866
Common stock, par value	$ 0.10	$ 0.10
Common stock, shares authorized	280,000,000	140,000,000
Common stock, shares outstanding	117,331,447	119,532,534

XML

Condensed Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenue from operations	$ 1,058,166	$ 1,048,457	$ 2,941,740	$ 3,099,905
Operating expenses:
Salaries, wages and benefits	524,658	533,451	1,510,047	1,588,378
Operating supplies and expenses	90,269	117,343	273,374	361,110
General supplies and expenses	27,383	33,633	86,872	97,584
Operating taxes and licenses	29,923	29,117	86,280	87,572
Insurance and claims	11,821	11,280	32,581	34,039
Communications and utilities	7,622	8,098	23,075	22,071
Depreciation and amortization	64,983	63,493	196,153	189,137
Purchased transportation	25,405	23,063	65,188	68,218
Miscellaneous expenses, net	5,858	11,452	15,590	21,354
Total operating expenses	787,922	830,930	2,289,160	2,469,463
Operating income	270,244	217,527	652,580	630,442
Non-operating expense (income):
Interest expense	1,071	3	1,936	285
Interest income	(123)	(1,714)	(1,602)	(4,966)
Other expense, net	961	844	4,205	768
Total non-operating expense (income)	1,909	(867)	4,539	(3,913)
Income before income taxes	268,335	218,394	648,041	634,355
Provision for income taxes	66,467	54,295	165,191	162,861
Net income	$ 201,868	$ 164,099	$ 482,850	$ 471,494
Earnings per share:
Basic	$ 1.72	$ 1.37	$ 4.09	$ 3.91
Diluted	$ 1.71	$ 1.37	$ 4.07	$ 3.90
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic	117,188,398	119,820,422	117,946,805	120,711,513
Diluted	117,933,440	119,984,153	118,696,836	120,882,836
Dividends declared per share	$ 0.15	$ 0.11	$ 0.45	$ 0.34

XML

Condensed Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock [Member]	Capital In Excess Of Par Value [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018		$ 12,185	$ 138,210	$ 2,530,088
Share repurchases		(211)		(205,135)
Cash dividends declared				(41,018)
Share-based compensation and restricted share issuances, net of forfeitures		10	5,353
Taxes paid in exchange for shares withheld		(2)	(1,446)
Net income				471,494
Balance at Sep. 30, 2019	$ 2,909,528	11,982	142,117	2,755,429
Balance at Jun. 30, 2019		12,020	140,970	2,645,495
Share repurchases		(38)		(40,576)
Cash dividends declared				(13,589)
Share-based compensation and restricted share issuances, net of forfeitures			1,147
Net income				164,099
Balance at Sep. 30, 2019	2,909,528	11,982	142,117	2,755,429
Balance at Dec. 31, 2019	3,080,717	11,953	218,462	2,850,302
Share repurchases		(223)		(306,568)
Cash dividends declared				(53,475)
Share-based compensation and restricted share issuances, net of forfeitures		6	8,371
Taxes paid in exchange for shares withheld		(2)	(2,731)
Forward contract for accelerated share repurchases			(37,500)
Cash paid for fractional shares		(1)	(611)
Net income				482,850
Balance at Sep. 30, 2020	3,170,833	11,733	185,991	2,973,109
Balance at Jun. 30, 2020		11,734	181,895	2,788,839
Cash dividends declared				(17,598)
Share-based compensation and restricted share issuances, net of forfeitures		(1)	4,096
Net income				201,868
Balance at Sep. 30, 2020	$ 3,170,833	$ 11,733	$ 185,991	$ 2,973,109

XML

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$ 482,850	$ 471,494
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	196,157	189,137
Loss on disposal of property and equipment	255	5,624
Share-based compensation	8,377	5,363
Provision for deferred income taxes	(25,155)
Other operating activities, net	23,974	75,897
Net cash provided by operating activities	686,458	747,515
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment	(166,459)	(370,310)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	3,411	2,598
Purchase of short-term investments	(205,301)
Other investing, net	(100)
Net cash used in investing activities	(368,449)	(367,712)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt	99,923
Payments for share repurchases	(306,791)	(205,346)
Forward contract for accelerated share repurchases	(37,500)
Dividends paid	(53,471)	(41,005)
Other financing activities, net	(3,345)	(1,448)
Net cash used in financing activities	(301,184)	(247,799)
Increase in cash and cash equivalents	16,825	132,004
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	403,571	190,282
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$ 420,396	$ 322,286

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Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Significant Accounting Policies

Note 1. Significant Accounting Policies

Business

We are a leading, less-than-truckload (“LTL”), union-free motor carrier providing regional, inter-regional and national LTL services through a single integrated organization. Our service offerings, which include expedited transportation, are provided through an expansive network of service centers located throughout the continental United States. Through strategic alliances, we also provide LTL services throughout North America. In addition to our core LTL services, we offer a range of value-added services including container drayage, truckload brokerage and supply chain consulting. We have one operating segment and the composition of our revenue is summarized below:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(In thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
LTL services	$	1,044,640	$	1,035,093	$	2,903,140	$	3,058,864
Other services		13,526		13,364		38,600		41,041
Total revenue from operations	$	1,058,166	$	1,048,457	$	2,941,740	$	3,099,905

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited, interim condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and, in management’s opinion, contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring items) necessary for a fair presentation, in all material respects, of the financial position and results of operations for the periods presented. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements.

The preparation of condensed financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions. Such estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Our operating results are subject to seasonal trends; therefore, the results of operations for the interim period ended September 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the subsequent quarterly periods or the year ending December 31, 2020.

The condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes, which appear in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. There have been no significant changes in the accounting principles and policies, long-term contracts or estimates inherent in the preparation of the condensed financial statements of Old Dominion Freight Line, Inc. as previously described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, other than those disclosed in this Form 10-Q.

Certain amounts in prior years have been reclassified to conform prior years’ financial statements to the current presentation.

Unless the context requires otherwise, references in these Notes to “Old Dominion,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Old Dominion Freight Line, Inc.

Common Stock Split

On February 21, 2020, we announced that our Board of Directors approved a three-for-two split of our common stock for shareholders of record as of the close of business on the record date of March 10, 2020. On March 24, 2020, those shareholders received one additional share of common stock for every two shares owned. In lieu of fractional shares, shareholders received a cash payment based on the average of the high and low sales prices of our common stock on the record date.

All references in this report to shares outstanding, weighted average shares outstanding, earnings per share, and dividends per share amounts have been restated retroactively to reflect this stock split. Split-adjusted quarterly per-share metrics may not recalculate precisely due to rounding.

Short-term Investments

The Company’s investments in certificates of deposit, U.S. government securities, and commercial paper with an original maturity of greater than three months have been classified and accounted for as trading securities, and are reported in “Short-term investments” on our Condensed Balance Sheet. These investments are measured at fair value each reporting period, with gains or losses recorded in “Non-operating expense (income)” on our Condensed Statement of Operations.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The levels of inputs used to measure fair value are:

•Level 1 — Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;

•Level 2 — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets; and

•Level 3 — Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable, generally utilizing pricing models or other valuation techniques that reflect management’s judgment and estimates.

Our short-term investments and our long-term debt, including current maturities, are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, and are further described in Note 6. Our other financial securities in current assets and current liabilities approximate their fair value due to the short maturities of these instruments.

Stock Repurchase Program

 On May 1, 2020, we announced that our Board of Directors had approved a new two-year stock repurchase program authorizing us to repurchase up to an aggregate of $700.0 million of our outstanding common stock (the “2020 Repurchase Program”). The 2020 Repurchase Program became effective upon the termination of our $350.0 million repurchase program on May 29, 2020, as of which date $21.5 million remained authorized under the prior program. Under the 2020 Repurchase Program, we may repurchase shares from time to time in open market purchases or through privately negotiated transactions. Shares of our common stock repurchased under our repurchase programs are canceled at the time of repurchase and are classified as authorized but unissued shares of our common stock.

On May 29, 2020, we entered into an accelerated share repurchase agreement (the “ASR Agreement”) with a third-party financial institution as part of our 2020 Repurchase Program. Under the ASR Agreement, we paid the third-party financial institution $125.0 million and received an initial delivery of 511,427 shares of our common stock for $87.5 million, representing approximately 70% of the total value of shares to be received under the ASR Agreement. The remaining expected shares are scheduled to settle during the fourth quarter of 2020. At final settlement, we may receive additional shares of our common stock, or, under certain circumstances, we may be required to provide the third-party financial institution additional shares or may elect to make a cash payment to the third-party financial institution. The total shares repurchased will be based on the daily volume-weighted average share price of our common stock during the term of the ASR Agreement, less a negotiated discount.

The ASR Agreement was accounted for as a settled treasury stock purchase and a forward stock purchase contract. The par value of the initial share delivery was recorded as a reduction to common stock, with the excess purchase price recorded as a reduction to retained earnings. The forward stock purchase contract is accounted for as a contract indexed to our own stock and is classified within capital in excess of par value on our Condensed Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity.

During the three months ended September 30, 2020, we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we repurchased 2,237,320 shares of our common stock for $306.8 million under our repurchase programs, including shares repurchased under the ASR Agreement. As of September 30, 2020, we had $612.5 million remaining authorized under the 2020 Repurchase Program.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses – Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Statements” (Topic 326). This ASU modified the loss methodology for establishing a provision against financial assets, including customer receivables, to include an expected

future performance component. We adopted ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2020. The adoption did not have a material impact to our financial position, results of operations, or cash flow.

We maintain an allowance for uncollectible accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. We estimate this allowance by analyzing the aging of our customer receivables, our historical loss experience and other trends and factors affecting the credit risk of our customers, including anticipated changes to future performance. Write-offs occur when we determine an account to be uncollectible and could differ from our allowance estimate as a result of factors such as changes in the overall economic environment or risks surrounding our customers. Additional allowances may be required if the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments. We periodically review the underlying assumptions in our estimate of the allowance for uncollectible accounts to ensure that the allowance reflects the most recent trends and factors.

Our allowance for uncollectible accounts was $4.9 million at September 30, 2020. There were no material write-offs to our allowance for uncollectible accounts during the third quarter of 2020.

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Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Business

Business

We are a leading, less-than-truckload (“LTL”), union-free motor carrier providing regional, inter-regional and national LTL services through a single integrated organization. Our service offerings, which include expedited transportation, are provided through an expansive network of service centers located throughout the continental United States. Through strategic alliances, we also provide LTL services throughout North America. In addition to our core LTL services, we offer a range of value-added services including container drayage, truckload brokerage and supply chain consulting. We have one operating segment and the composition of our revenue is summarized below:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(In thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
LTL services	$	1,044,640	$	1,035,093	$	2,903,140	$	3,058,864
Other services		13,526		13,364		38,600		41,041
Total revenue from operations	$	1,058,166	$	1,048,457	$	2,941,740	$	3,099,905

Disaggregated Revenue

We have one operating segment and the composition of our revenue is summarized below:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(In thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
LTL services	$	1,044,640	$	1,035,093	$	2,903,140	$	3,058,864
Other services		13,526		13,364		38,600		41,041
Total revenue from operations	$	1,058,166	$	1,048,457	$	2,941,740	$	3,099,905

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Earnings Per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

Note 2. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the daily weighted average number of shares of our common stock outstanding for the period, excluding unvested restricted stock. Unvested restricted stock is included in common shares outstanding on our Condensed Balance Sheets.

Diluted earnings per share is computed using the treasury stock method. The denominator used in calculating diluted earnings per share includes the impact of unvested restricted stock and other dilutive, non-participating securities under our equity award agreements. The denominator excludes contingently-issuable shares under performance-based award agreements when the performance target has not yet been deemed achieved.

The following table provides a reconciliation of the number of shares of common stock used in computing basic and diluted earnings per share:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic		117,188,398		119,820,422		117,946,805		120,711,513
Dilutive effect of share-based awards		745,042		163,731		750,031		171,323
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted		117,933,440		119,984,153		118,696,836		120,882,836

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Long-Term Debt

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Long-Term Debt

Note 3. Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt, net of unamortized debt issuance costs, consisted of the following:

(In thousands)	September 30, 2020			December 31, 2019
Senior notes	$	144,927		$	45,000
Revolving credit facility		—			—
Total long-term debt		144,927			45,000
Less: Current maturities		(45,000	)		—
Total maturities due after one year	$	99,927		$	45,000

Senior Note Agreements

We had an unsecured senior note agreement with a principal amount outstanding of $45.0 million at each of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (the “Senior Note”). The agreement for the Senior Note calls for a scheduled principal payment of $45.0 million, with an interest rate of 4.79%, on January 3, 2021.

On May 4, 2020, we entered into a Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement with PGIM, Inc. (“Prudential”) and certain affiliates and managed accounts of Prudential (the “Note Agreement”). The Note Agreement, which is uncommitted and subject to Prudential’s sole discretion, provides for the issuance of senior promissory notes with an aggregate principal amount of up to $350.0 million through May 4, 2023. Pursuant to the Note Agreement, we issued $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior promissory notes (the “Series B Notes”), the proceeds of which are available for capital expenditures, share repurchases, dividends,

acquisitions, or general corporate purposes. Borrowing availability under the Note Agreement is reduced by the outstanding amount of the existing Senior Note, the Series B Notes, and all other senior promissory notes issued pursuant to the Note Agreement.

The Series B Notes bear interest at 3.10% per annum and mature on May 4, 2027, unless prepaid. Principal payments are required annually beginning on May 4, 2023 in equal installments of $20.0 million through May 4, 2027. The Series B Notes are senior unsecured obligations and rank pari passu with our other senior unsecured indebtedness.

Credit Agreement

On November 21, 2019, we entered into a second amended and restated credit agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association serving as administrative agent for the lenders (the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement provides for a five-year, $250.0 million senior unsecured revolving line of credit and a $150.0 million accordion feature, which if fully exercised and approved, would expand the total borrowing capacity up to an aggregate of $400.0 million. Of the $250.0 million line of credit commitments under the Credit Agreement, up to $100.0 million may be used for letters of credit.

At our option, borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at either: (i) LIBOR (including applicable successor provisions) plus an applicable margin (based on our ratio of net debt-to-total capitalization) that ranges from 1.000% to 1.375%; or (ii) a Base Rate plus an applicable margin (based on our ratio of net debt-to-total capitalization) that ranges from 0.000% to 0.375%. Letter of credit fees equal to the applicable margin for LIBOR loans are charged quarterly in arrears on the daily average aggregate stated amount of all letters of credit outstanding during the quarter. Commitment fees ranging from 0.100% to 0.175% (based upon the ratio of net debt-to-total capitalization) are charged quarterly in arrears on the aggregate unutilized portion of the Credit Agreement.

For periods covered under the Credit Agreement, the applicable margin on LIBOR loans and letter of credit fees were 1.000% and commitment fees were 0.100%.    

The Credit Agreement replaced our previous five-year, $300.0 million senior unsecured revolving credit agreement dated as of December 15, 2015, as amended on September 9, 2016 (the “Prior Credit Agreement”). For periods in 2019 covered under the Prior Credit Agreement, the applicable margin on LIBOR loans and letter of credit fees were 1.000% and commitment fees were 0.125%.

There were $42.1 million and $48.9 million of outstanding letters of credit at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

General Debt Provisions

The Senior Note, Credit Agreement, and Note Agreement contain customary covenants, including financial covenants that require us to observe a maximum ratio of debt to total capital and a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio. The Credit Agreement and Note Agreement also include a provision limiting our ability to make restricted payments, including dividends and payments for share repurchases, unless, among other conditions, no defaults or events of default are ongoing (or would be caused by such restricted payment).

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Note 4. Commitments and Contingencies

We are involved in or addressing various legal proceedings and claims, governmental inquiries, notices and investigations that have arisen in the ordinary course of our business and have not been fully adjudicated, some of which may be covered in whole or in part by insurance.  Certain of these matters include collective and/or class-action allegations. We do not believe that the resolution of any of these matters will have a material adverse effect upon our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

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Leases

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

Note 5. Leases

Our right-of-use assets totaled $100.2 million and $65.3 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, and are presented within “Other assets,” which is classified as long-term, on our Condensed Balance Sheets. Our corresponding lease liabilities consist of a current and a non-current portion. The current lease liability was $12.3 million and $10.4 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, and is presented within “Other accrued liabilities” on our Condensed Balance Sheets. The non-current lease liability was $89.5 million and $56.1 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, and is presented within “Other non-current liabilities” on our Condensed Balance Sheets. During the three-months ended September 30, 2020, we added $41.0 million in new right-of-use assets in exchange for corresponding lease liabilities, which includes leases that were executed prior to December 31, 2019 and commenced in the quarter ended September 30, 2020.

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Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Note 6. Fair Value Measurements

Short-term investments

A summary of the fair value of our short-term investments as of September 30, 2020 is shown in the table below.

	September 30, 2020		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Certificates of deposit	$	55,000	$	—	$	55,000	$	—
U.S. government securities		75,367		75,367		—		—
Commercial paper		74,927		—		74,927		—
Total	$	205,294	$	75,367	$	129,927	$	—

Our certificates of deposit are measured at carrying value including accrued interest, which approximates fair value due to their short-term nature. Our commercial paper is valued using broker quotes that utilize observable market inputs.

Long-term debt

The carrying value of our total long-term debt, including current maturities, was $144.9 million and $45.0 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The estimated fair value of our total long-term debt, including current maturities, was $151.1 million and $46.1 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The fair value measurement of our senior notes was determined using a discounted cash flow analysis that factors in current market yields for comparable borrowing arrangements under our credit profile. Since this methodology is based upon market yields for comparable arrangements, the measurement is categorized as Level 2 under the three-level fair value hierarchy as established by the FASB.

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Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited, interim condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and, in management’s opinion, contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring items) necessary for a fair presentation, in all material respects, of the financial position and results of operations for the periods presented. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements.

The preparation of condensed financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions. Such estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Our operating results are subject to seasonal trends; therefore, the results of operations for the interim period ended September 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the subsequent quarterly periods or the year ending December 31, 2020.

The condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes, which appear in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. There have been no significant changes in the accounting principles and policies, long-term contracts or estimates inherent in the preparation of the condensed financial statements of Old Dominion Freight Line, Inc. as previously described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, other than those disclosed in this Form 10-Q.

Certain amounts in prior years have been reclassified to conform prior years’ financial statements to the current presentation.

Unless the context requires otherwise, references in these Notes to “Old Dominion,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Old Dominion Freight Line, Inc.

Common Stock Split

Common Stock Split

On February 21, 2020, we announced that our Board of Directors approved a three-for-two split of our common stock for shareholders of record as of the close of business on the record date of March 10, 2020. On March 24, 2020, those shareholders received one additional share of common stock for every two shares owned. In lieu of fractional shares, shareholders received a cash payment based on the average of the high and low sales prices of our common stock on the record date.

All references in this report to shares outstanding, weighted average shares outstanding, earnings per share, and dividends per share amounts have been restated retroactively to reflect this stock split. Split-adjusted quarterly per-share metrics may not recalculate precisely due to rounding.

Short-term Investments

Short-term Investments

The Company’s investments in certificates of deposit, U.S. government securities, and commercial paper with an original maturity of greater than three months have been classified and accounted for as trading securities, and are reported in “Short-term investments” on our Condensed Balance Sheet. These investments are measured at fair value each reporting period, with gains or losses recorded in “Non-operating expense (income)” on our Condensed Statement of Operations.

Fair Values of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The levels of inputs used to measure fair value are:

•Level 1 — Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;

•Level 2 — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets; and

•Level 3 — Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable, generally utilizing pricing models or other valuation techniques that reflect management’s judgment and estimates.

Our short-term investments and our long-term debt, including current maturities, are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, and are further described in Note 6. Our other financial securities in current assets and current liabilities approximate their fair value due to the short maturities of these instruments.

Stock Repurchase Program

Stock Repurchase Program

 On May 1, 2020, we announced that our Board of Directors had approved a new two-year stock repurchase program authorizing us to repurchase up to an aggregate of $700.0 million of our outstanding common stock (the “2020 Repurchase Program”). The 2020 Repurchase Program became effective upon the termination of our $350.0 million repurchase program on May 29, 2020, as of which date $21.5 million remained authorized under the prior program. Under the 2020 Repurchase Program, we may repurchase shares from time to time in open market purchases or through privately negotiated transactions. Shares of our common stock repurchased under our repurchase programs are canceled at the time of repurchase and are classified as authorized but unissued shares of our common stock.

On May 29, 2020, we entered into an accelerated share repurchase agreement (the “ASR Agreement”) with a third-party financial institution as part of our 2020 Repurchase Program. Under the ASR Agreement, we paid the third-party financial institution $125.0 million and received an initial delivery of 511,427 shares of our common stock for $87.5 million, representing approximately 70% of the total value of shares to be received under the ASR Agreement. The remaining expected shares are scheduled to settle during the fourth quarter of 2020. At final settlement, we may receive additional shares of our common stock, or, under certain circumstances, we may be required to provide the third-party financial institution additional shares or may elect to make a cash payment to the third-party financial institution. The total shares repurchased will be based on the daily volume-weighted average share price of our common stock during the term of the ASR Agreement, less a negotiated discount.

The ASR Agreement was accounted for as a settled treasury stock purchase and a forward stock purchase contract. The par value of the initial share delivery was recorded as a reduction to common stock, with the excess purchase price recorded as a reduction to retained earnings. The forward stock purchase contract is accounted for as a contract indexed to our own stock and is classified within capital in excess of par value on our Condensed Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity.

During the three months ended September 30, 2020, we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we repurchased 2,237,320 shares of our common stock for $306.8 million under our repurchase programs, including shares repurchased under the ASR Agreement. As of September 30, 2020, we had $612.5 million remaining authorized under the 2020 Repurchase Program.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses – Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Statements” (Topic 326). This ASU modified the loss methodology for establishing a provision against financial assets, including customer receivables, to include an expected

future performance component. We adopted ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2020. The adoption did not have a material impact to our financial position, results of operations, or cash flow.

We maintain an allowance for uncollectible accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. We estimate this allowance by analyzing the aging of our customer receivables, our historical loss experience and other trends and factors affecting the credit risk of our customers, including anticipated changes to future performance. Write-offs occur when we determine an account to be uncollectible and could differ from our allowance estimate as a result of factors such as changes in the overall economic environment or risks surrounding our customers. Additional allowances may be required if the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments. We periodically review the underlying assumptions in our estimate of the allowance for uncollectible accounts to ensure that the allowance reflects the most recent trends and factors.

Our allowance for uncollectible accounts was $4.9 million at September 30, 2020. There were no material write-offs to our allowance for uncollectible accounts during the third quarter of 2020.

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Earnings Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Reconciliation of Number of Common Stock used in Computing Basic and Diluted Earning Per Share

The following table provides a reconciliation of the number of shares of common stock used in computing basic and diluted earnings per share:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic		117,188,398		119,820,422		117,946,805		120,711,513
Dilutive effect of share-based awards		745,042		163,731		750,031		171,323
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted		117,933,440		119,984,153		118,696,836		120,882,836

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Long-Term Debt (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Long-Term Debt, Net of Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs

Long-term debt, net of unamortized debt issuance costs, consisted of the following:

(In thousands)	September 30, 2020			December 31, 2019
Senior notes	$	144,927		$	45,000
Revolving credit facility		—			—
Total long-term debt		144,927			45,000
Less: Current maturities		(45,000	)		—
Total maturities due after one year	$	99,927		$	45,000

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value of Short-term Investments

A summary of the fair value of our short-term investments as of September 30, 2020 is shown in the table below.

	September 30, 2020		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Certificates of deposit	$	55,000	$	—	$	55,000	$	—
U.S. government securities		75,367		75,367		—		—
Commercial paper		74,927		—		74,927		—
Total	$	205,294	$	75,367	$	129,927	$	—

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Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Details)	1 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	May 29, 2020 USD ($) shares	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($) Segment shares	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)	May 01, 2020 USD ($)
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of operating segment | Segment		1
Common stock split, description		On February 21, 2020, we announced that our Board of Directors approved a three-for-two split of our common stock for shareholders of record as of the close of business on the record date of March 10, 2020. On March 24, 2020, those shareholders received one additional share of common stock for every two shares owned.
Common stock split, conversion ratio		1.5
Payments made to third party financial institution for share repurchase under the ASR agreement	$ 125,000,000.0
Number of shares received under stock repurchase ASR agreement | shares	511,427
Payments for repurchase of common stock recieved under stock repurchase ASR agreement	$ 87,500,000	$ 306,791,000	$ 205,346,000
Percentage of shares received under stock repurchase ASR agreement	70.00%
Allowance for uncollectible accounts		4,900,000
2019 Share Repurchase Program [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Stock repurchase program, authorized amount	$ 21,500,000			$ 350,000,000.0
2020 Share Repurchase Program [Member]
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Stock repurchase program, remaining authorized repurchase amount		$ 612,500,000
2020 Share Repurchase Program [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Stock repurchase program, authorized amount				$ 700,000,000.0
Share Repurchase Program [Member]
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Stock repurchased and retired during period, shares | shares		2,237,320
Stock repurchased and retired during period, value		$ 306,800,000

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Significant Accounting Policies - Disaggregated Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from operations	$ 1,058,166	$ 1,048,457	$ 2,941,740	$ 3,099,905
LTL Service Revenue [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from operations	1,044,640	1,035,093	2,903,140	3,058,864
Other Service Revenue [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from operations	$ 13,526	$ 13,364	$ 38,600	$ 41,041

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Earnings Per Share - Reconciliation of Number of Common Stock used in Computing Basic and Diluted Earning Per Share (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Weighted Average Number Of Shares Outstanding [Abstract]
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic	117,188,398	119,820,422	117,946,805	120,711,513
Dilutive effect of share-based awards	745,042	163,731	750,031	171,323
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted	117,933,440	119,984,153	118,696,836	120,882,836

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Long-Term Debt - Schedule of Long-Term Debt, Net of Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Senior notes	$ 144,927	$ 45,000
Revolving credit facility	0	0
Total long-term debt	144,927	45,000
Less: Current maturities	(45,000)	0
Total maturities due after one year	$ 99,927	$ 45,000

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Long-Term Debt - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)			9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	May 04, 2023	May 04, 2020	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Senior note			$ 144,927,000	$ 45,000,000
Fixed interest rate			4.79%
Debt instrument, due date			Jan. 03, 2021
Proceeds from issuance of senior promissory notes			$ 99,923,000
Line of Credit Facility, Unused Capacity, Commitment Fee Percentage			0.10%
Letter of Credit Fee in Percentage			1.00%
Letters of Credit Outstanding, Amount			$ 42,100,000	48,900,000
2019 Credit Agreement [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Original borrowing capacity			250,000,000.0
Line of Credit Facility Accordion			150,000,000.0
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity			400,000,000.0
Letter of Credit [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of Credit Facility, Capacity Available for Specific Purpose Other than for Trade Purchases			$ 100,000,000.0
Prior Credit Agreement [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity				$ 300,000,000.0
Line of Credit Facility, Unused Capacity, Commitment Fee Percentage				0.125%
Letter of Credit Fee in Percentage				1.00%
Maximum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest Rate Spread added to Rate			0.375%
Line of Credit Facility, Unused Capacity, Commitment Fee Percentage			0.175%
Maximum [Member] | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest Rate Spread added to Rate			1.375%
Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest Rate Spread added to Rate			0.00%
Line of Credit Facility, Unused Capacity, Commitment Fee Percentage			0.10%
Minimum [Member] | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest Rate Spread added to Rate			1.00%
Series B
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Scheduled principal payment	$ 20,000,000.0
Debt instrument, due date	May 04, 2027
Notes interest	3.10%
Maturity Date Description	The Series B Notes bear interest at 3.10% per annum and mature on May 4, 2027, unless prepaid.
P G I M I N C | Series B Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of senior promissory notes		$ 100,000,000.0
Unsecured Senior Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Senior note			$ 45,000,000.0	$ 45,000,000.0
Unsecured Senior Note Due January 3, 2021 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Scheduled principal payment			$ 45,000,000.0
Note Agreement | P G I M I N C | Maximum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate amount on promissory notes issued		$ 350,000,000.0

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Leases - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease, liability, current	$ 12.3	$ 10.4
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent	us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent
Operating lease, liability, noncurrent	$ 89.5	$ 56.1
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent	us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent
operating Lease right of use asset	$ 100.2	$ 65.3
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent	us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$ 41.0

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Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Fair Value of Short-term Investments (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Assets, Fair value	$ 205,294
U.S. government securities [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Assets, Fair value	75,367
Level 1 [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Assets, Fair value	75,367
Level 1 [Member] | U.S. government securities [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Assets, Fair value	75,367
Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Assets, Fair value	129,927
Certificates of deposit [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Assets, Fair value	55,000
Certificates of deposit [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Assets, Fair value	55,000
Commercial paper [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Assets, Fair value	74,927
Commercial paper [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Assets, Fair value	$ 74,927

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Fair Value Measurements - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Debt and capital lease obligations	$ 144,927	$ 45,000
Long-term debt, fair value	$ 151,100	$ 46,100