10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

_________________________________

FORM 10-Q

 _________________________________

ý QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018

or

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________ to ________ .

Commission File Number: 0-19582

_________________________________

OLD DOMINION FREIGHT LINE, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 _________________________________

VIRGINIA	56-0751714
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

500 Old Dominion Way Thomasville, North Carolina	27360
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(336) 889-5000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 _________________________________

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ý    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ý     No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	ý	Accelerated filer	¨
Non-accelerated filer	¨	Smaller reporting company	¨
		Emerging growth company	¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  ý

As of November 2, 2018 there were 81,750,145 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock ($0.10 par value) outstanding.

INDEX

Part I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1	Financial Statements	1
	Condensed Balance Sheets – September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017	1
	Condensed Statements of Operations – For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017	3
	Condensed Statements of Cash Flows – For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017	4
	Notes to the Condensed Financial Statements	5
Item 2	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	9
Item 3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	17
Item 4	Controls and Procedures	18
Part II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1	Legal Proceedings	19
Item 1A	Risk Factors	19
Item 2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	19
Item 6	Exhibits	19
Exhibit Index		20
Signatures		21

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

OLD DOMINION FREIGHT LINE, INC.

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

	September 30,
	2018			December 31,
(In thousands, except share and per share data)	(Unaudited)			2017
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	177,468		$	127,462
Customer receivables, less allowances of $9,916 and $9,465, respectively	466,455			394,169
Other receivables	15,752			21,612
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	36,640			41,410
Total current assets	696,315			584,653
Property and equipment:
Revenue equipment	1,835,160			1,591,036
Land and structures	1,708,825			1,548,079
Other fixed assets	450,992			432,146
Leasehold improvements	8,749			8,668
Total property and equipment	4,003,726			3,579,929
Accumulated depreciation	(1,300,451		)	(1,175,470		)
Net property and equipment	2,703,275			2,404,459
Goodwill	19,463			19,463
Other assets	70,259			59,849
Total assets	$	3,489,312		$	3,068,424

Note: The Condensed Balance Sheet at December 31, 2017 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

1

OLD DOMINION FREIGHT LINE, INC.

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

(CONTINUED)

	September 30,
	2018		December 31,
(In thousands, except share and per share data)	(Unaudited)		2017
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	88,150	$	73,729
Compensation and benefits	193,525		152,566
Claims and insurance accruals	53,783		49,949
Other accrued liabilities	26,999		24,805
Current maturities of long-term debt	—		50,000
Total current liabilities	362,457		351,049
Long-term liabilities:
Long-term debt	45,000		45,000
Other non-current liabilities	237,392		205,561
Deferred income taxes	227,531		189,960
Total long-term liabilities	509,923		440,521
Total liabilities	872,380		791,570
Commitments and contingent liabilities
Shareholders’ equity:
Common stock - $0.10 par value, 140,000,000 shares authorized, 81,885,354 and 82,375,945 shares outstanding at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively	8,189		8,238
Capital in excess of par value	140,841		138,359
Retained earnings	2,467,902		2,130,257
Total shareholders’ equity	2,616,932		2,276,854
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	3,489,312	$	3,068,424

Note: The Condensed Balance Sheet at December 31, 2017 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

2

OLD DOMINION FREIGHT LINE, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(UNAUDITED)

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
(In thousands, except share and per share data)	2018			2017			2018			2017
Revenue from operations	$	1,058,233		$	872,987		$	3,016,751		$	2,466,995
Operating expenses:
Salaries, wages and benefits	536,513			461,799			1,560,073			1,320,207
Operating supplies and expenses	126,024			95,543			365,004			275,110
General supplies and expenses	31,209			28,785			91,076			79,940
Operating taxes and licenses	27,952			24,547			82,905			73,530
Insurance and claims	12,069			10,700			34,510			28,804
Communications and utilities	8,215			6,490			22,700			20,945
Depreciation and amortization	58,086			51,934			167,802			152,670
Purchased transportation	25,373			22,739			73,157			61,596
Building and office equipment rents	1,533			2,018			5,055			6,114
Miscellaneous expenses, net	2,874			4,557			16,263			15,650
Total operating expenses	829,848			709,112			2,418,545			2,034,566
Operating income	228,385			163,875			598,206			432,429
Non-operating expense (income):
Interest expense	29			555			51			1,792
Interest income	(778		)	(228		)	(1,902		)	(332		)
Other (income) expense, net	(70		)	(977		)	1,895			(999		)
Total non-operating (income) expense	(819		)	(650		)	44			461
Income before income taxes	229,204			164,525			598,162			431,968
Provision for income taxes	55,762			62,211			151,953			165,444
Net income	$	173,442		$	102,314		$	446,209		$	266,524
Earnings per share:
Basic	$	2.12		$	1.24		$	5.44		$	3.24
Diluted	$	2.12		$	1.24		$	5.43		$	3.23
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic	81,885,262			82,286,295			82,067,519			82,317,244
Diluted	81,975,774			82,380,936			82,165,731			82,417,557
Dividends declared per share	$	0.13		$	0.10		$	0.39		$	0.30

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

3

OLD DOMINION FREIGHT LINE, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
(In thousands)	2018			2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	446,209		$	266,524
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	167,802			152,670
Loss (gain) on sale of property and equipment	(72		)	705
Share-based compensation	3,559			2,416
Provision for deferred income taxes	37,571			1,815
Other operating activities, net	20,349			(36,117		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	675,418			388,013
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment	(469,866		)	(288,840		)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	3,329			9,637
Other investing, net	799			2,139
Net cash used in investing activities	(465,738		)	(277,064		)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Principal payments under long-term debt agreements	(50,000		)	—
Net payments on revolving line of credit	—			(9,975		)
Payments for share repurchases	(76,589		)	(8,013		)
Dividends paid	(32,011		)	(24,697		)
Other financing activities, net	(1,074		)	(344		)
Net cash used in financing activities	(159,674		)	(43,029		)
Increase in cash and cash equivalents	50,006			67,920
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	127,462			10,171
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	177,468		$	78,091

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

4

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

Note 1. Significant Accounting Policies

Business

We are a leading, less-than-truckload (“LTL”), union-free motor carrier providing regional, inter-regional and national LTL services through a single integrated organization. Our service offerings, which include expedited transportation, are provided through an expansive network of service centers located throughout the continental United States. Through strategic alliances, we also provide LTL services throughout North America. In addition to our core LTL services, we offer a range of value-added services including container drayage, truckload brokerage and supply chain consulting. We have one operating segment and the composition of our revenue is summarized below:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(In thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017
LTL services	$	1,041,854	$	859,832	$	2,971,399	$	2,426,419
Other services	16,379		13,155		45,352		40,576
Total revenue from operations	$	1,058,233	$	872,987	$	3,016,751	$	2,466,995

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited, interim condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") for interim financial information and, in management’s opinion, contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring items) necessary for a fair presentation, in all material respects, of the financial position and results of operations for the periods presented. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements.

The preparation of condensed financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions. Such estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Our operating results are subject to seasonal trends; therefore, the results of operations for the interim period ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the subsequent quarterly period or the year ending December 31, 2018.

The condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes, which appear in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. There have been no significant changes in the accounting principles and policies, long-term contracts or estimates inherent in the preparation of the condensed financial statements of Old Dominion Freight Line, Inc. as previously described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, other than those disclosed in this Form 10-Q.

Certain amounts in prior years have been reclassified to conform prior years’ financial statements to the current presentation.

Unless the context requires otherwise, references in these Notes to “Old Dominion,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Old Dominion Freight Line, Inc.

5

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (CONTINUED)

Fair Values of Financial Instruments

The carrying values of financial instruments in current assets and current liabilities approximate their fair value due to the short maturities of these instruments. The carrying value of our total long-term debt, including current maturities, was $45.0 million and $95.0 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The estimated fair value of our total long-term debt, including current maturities, was $45.8 million and $97.1 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The fair value measurement of our senior notes was determined using a discounted cash flow analysis that factors in current market yields for comparable borrowing arrangements under our credit profile. Since this methodology is based upon market yields for comparable arrangements, the measurement is categorized as Level 2 under the three-level fair value hierarchy as established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”).

Stock Repurchase Program

Our stock repurchase program, which was previously announced on May 23, 2016 and pursuant to which we could repurchase up to an aggregate of $250.0 million of our outstanding common stock, expired in accordance with its terms during the second quarter of 2018. On May 17, 2018, we announced that our Board of Directors had approved a new two-year stock repurchase program authorizing us to repurchase up to an aggregate of $250.0 million of our outstanding common stock (the “2018 Repurchase Program”). Under the 2018 Repurchase Program, which became effective upon the expiration of our prior stock repurchase program, we may repurchase shares from time to time in open market purchases or through privately negotiated transactions. Shares of our common stock repurchased under our repurchase programs are canceled at the time of repurchase and are classified as authorized but unissued shares of our common stock.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we repurchased 194,001 shares of our common stock for $29.2 million and 521,342 shares of our common stock for $76.6 million under our repurchase programs, respectively. As of September 30, 2018, we had $218.4 million remaining authorized under the 2018 Repurchase Program.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" (Topic 606). This ASU supersedes the previous revenue recognition requirements in Accounting Standards Codification Topic 605 - Revenue Recognition. The guidance provides a five-step analysis to determine when and how revenue is recognized and further enhances disclosure requirements. Transition methods under ASU 2014-09 must be through (i) retrospective application to each prior reporting period presented, or (ii) modified retrospective application with a cumulative effect adjustment at the date of initial application.

Our revenue is generated from providing transportation and related services to customers in accordance with the bill of lading ("BOL") contract, our general tariff provisions and contractual agreements. Generally, our performance obligations begin when we receive a BOL from a customer and are satisfied when we complete the delivery of a shipment and related services. We recognize revenue for our performance obligations under our customer contracts over time, as our customers receive the benefits of our services in accordance with ASU 2014-09. With respect to services not completed at the end of a reporting period, we use a percentage of completion method to allocate the appropriate revenue to each separate reporting period. Under this method, we develop a factor for each uncompleted shipment by dividing the actual number of days in transit at the end of a reporting period by that shipment’s standard delivery time schedule. This factor is applied to the total revenue for that shipment and revenue is allocated between reporting periods accordingly. Payment terms vary by customer and are short-term in nature.

We adopted ASU 2014-09 as of January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective application. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on how we recognize revenue or to our financial position, results of operations or cash flows for the three or nine months ended September 30, 2018.

6

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (CONTINUED)

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases” (Topic 842). This ASU requires a lessee to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability under most operating leases on its balance sheet. ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, “Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements,” which provides companies with an additional optional transition method to apply the new standard to leases in effect at the adoption date through a cumulative effect adjustment. We plan to adopt the new lease standard using this optional transition method. Although we are continuing to evaluate the impact of adoption, we expect ASU 2016-02 to have a material impact on our Condensed Balance Sheet due to the requirement to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities.

Note 2. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the daily weighted average number of shares of our common stock outstanding for the period, excluding unvested restricted stock. Unvested restricted stock is included in common shares outstanding on our Condensed Balance Sheets. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the treasury stock method and includes the impact of shares of unvested restricted stock.

The following table provides a reconciliation of the number of common shares used in computing basic and diluted earnings per share:

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2018	2017	2018	2017
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic	81,885,262	82,286,295	82,067,519	82,317,244
Dilutive effect of share-based awards	90,512	94,641	98,212	100,313
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted	81,975,774	82,380,936	82,165,731	82,417,557

Note 3. Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consisted of the following:

(In thousands)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Senior notes	$	45,000	$	95,000
Revolving credit facility	—		—
Total long-term debt	45,000		95,000
Less: Current maturities	—		(50,000		)
Total maturities due after one year	$	45,000	$	45,000

We had one unsecured senior note agreement with an amount outstanding of $45.0 million and $95.0 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Our unsecured senior note agreement calls for a scheduled principal payment of $50.0 million, which was paid on January 3, 2018, and a scheduled principal payment of $45.0 million, which is due on January 3, 2021. Interest rates on the January 3, 2018 and January 3, 2021 scheduled principal payments were 4.00% and 4.79%, respectively. The effective average interest rate on our outstanding senior note agreement was 4.79% and 4.37% at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

On December 15, 2015, we entered into an amended and restated credit agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association ("Wells Fargo") serving as administrative agent for the lenders (the "Credit Agreement"). The Credit Agreement originally provided for a five-year, $250.0 million senior unsecured revolving line of credit and a $100.0 million accordion feature, which if fully exercised and approved, would expand the total borrowing capacity up to an aggregate of $350.0 million.

7

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (CONTINUED)

On September 9, 2016, we exercised a portion of the accordion feature and entered into an amendment to the Credit Agreement to increase the aggregate commitments from existing lenders by $50.0 million to an aggregate of $300.0 million. Of the $300.0 million line of credit commitments under the Credit Agreement, as amended, up to $100.0 million may be used for letters of credit and $30.0 million may be used for borrowings under the Wells Fargo Sweep Plus Loan Program (the "Sweep Program"). We utilize the Sweep Program to manage our daily cash needs, as it automatically initiates borrowings to cover overnight cash requirements primarily for working capital needs.

At our option, borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at either: (i) LIBOR plus an applicable margin (based on our ratio of net debt-to-total capitalization) that ranges from 1.0% to 1.50%; or (ii) a Base Rate plus an applicable margin (based on our ratio of net debt-to-total capitalization) that ranges from 0.0% to 0.5%. Loans under the Sweep Program bear interest at the LIBOR plus applicable margin rate. Letter of credit fees equal to the applicable margin for LIBOR loans are charged quarterly in arrears on the daily average aggregate stated amount of all letters of credit outstanding during the quarter. Commitment fees ranging from 0.125% to 0.2% (based upon the ratio of net debt-to-total capitalization) are charged quarterly in arrears on the aggregate unutilized portion of the Credit Agreement. Wells Fargo, as administrative agent, also receives an annual fee for providing administrative services.

For periods covered under the Credit Agreement, the applicable margin on LIBOR loans and letter of credit fees were 1.0% and commitment fees were 0.125%. There were $61.5 million and $71.4 million of outstanding letters of credit at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Note 4. Commitments and Contingencies

We are involved in or addressing various legal proceedings and claims, governmental inquiries, notices and investigations that have arisen in the ordinary course of our business and have not been fully adjudicated, some of which may be covered in whole or in part by insurance. Certain of these matters include class-action allegations. We do not believe that the resolution of any of these matters will have a material adverse effect upon our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Note 5. Income Taxes

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted tax reform legislation as part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Act") that reduced the corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% and included a broad range of complex provisions affecting the taxation of businesses. Generally, financial statement recognition of the new legislation would be required to be completed in the period of enactment; however, in response to the complexities of this new legislation, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 to provide companies with transitional relief. Specifically, when the initial accounting for items under the new legislation is incomplete, the guidance allows (i) recognition of provisional amounts when reasonable estimates can be made, or (ii) continued application of the prior tax law if a reasonable estimate of the effect cannot be made. The SEC staff has provided up to one year from the date of enactment for companies to finalize the accounting for the effects of this new legislation. Although no material changes were made to provisional amounts during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2018, we will continue to refine our estimates related to the new legislation as clarifying guidance and interpretations are issued.

The Company's effective tax rate for the third quarter and first nine months of 2018 was 24.3% and 25.4%, respectively, as compared to 37.8% and 38.3% for the same periods of 2017. The decrease in the tax rate was primarily due to the positive impact of the Act. The Company’s effective tax rate generally exceeds the federal statutory rate due to the impact of state taxes and, to a lesser extent, certain other non-deductible items.

8

ITEM 2.    MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Overview

We are a leading, less-than-truckload (“LTL”), union-free motor carrier providing regional, inter-regional and national LTL services through a single integrated organization. Our service offerings, which include expedited transportation, are provided through an expansive network of service centers located throughout the continental United States. Through strategic alliances, we also provide LTL services throughout North America. In addition to our core LTL services, we offer a range of value-added services including container drayage, truckload brokerage and supply chain consulting. More than 97% of our revenue has historically been derived from transporting LTL shipments for our customers, whose demand for our services is generally tied to industrial production and the overall health of the U.S. domestic economy.

In analyzing the components of our revenue, we monitor changes and trends in our LTL services using the following key metrics, which exclude certain transportation and logistics services where pricing is generally not determined by weight, commodity or distance:

• LTL Revenue Per Hundredweight - This measurement reflects the application of our pricing policies to the services we provide, which are influenced by competitive market conditions and our growth objectives. Generally, freight is rated by a class system, which is established by the National Motor Freight Traffic Association, Inc. Light, bulky freight typically has a higher class and is priced at higher revenue per hundredweight than dense, heavy freight. Fuel surcharges, accessorial charges, revenue adjustments and revenue for undelivered freight are included in this measurement. Revenue for undelivered freight is deferred for financial statement purposes in accordance with our revenue recognition policy; however, we believe including it in our revenue per hundredweight metrics results in a better indicator of changes in this metric by matching total billed revenue with the corresponding weight of those shipments.

Revenue per hundredweight is a commonly-used indicator of pricing trends, but this metric can be influenced by many other factors, such as changes in fuel surcharges, weight per shipment, length of haul and the class, or mix, of our freight. As a result, changes in revenue per hundredweight do not necessarily indicate actual changes in underlying base rates.

• LTL Weight Per Shipment - Fluctuations in weight per shipment can indicate changes in the mix of freight we receive from our customers, as well as changes in the number of units included in a shipment. Generally, increases in weight per shipment indicate higher demand for our customers' products and overall increased economic activity. Changes in weight per shipment can also be influenced by shifts between LTL and other modes of transportation, such as truckload and intermodal, in response to capacity, service and pricing issues. Fluctuations in weight per shipment generally have an inverse effect on our revenue per hundredweight, as a decrease in weight per shipment will typically cause an increase in revenue per hundredweight.

• Average Length of Haul - We consider lengths of haul less than 500 miles to be regional traffic, lengths of haul between 500 miles and 1,000 miles to be inter-regional traffic, and lengths of haul in excess of 1,000 miles to be national traffic. This metric is used to analyze our tonnage and pricing trends for shipments with similar characteristics, and also allows for comparison with other transportation providers serving specific markets. By analyzing this metric, we can determine the success and growth potential of our service products in these markets. Changes in length of haul generally have a direct effect on our revenue per hundredweight, as an increase in length of haul will typically cause an increase in revenue per hundredweight.

Our primary revenue focus is to increase density, which is shipment and tonnage growth within our existing infrastructure. Increases in density allow us to maximize our asset utilization and labor productivity, which we measure over many different functional areas of our operations including linehaul load factor, pickup and delivery ("P&D") stops per hour, P&D shipments per hour, platform pounds handled per hour and platform shipments per hour. In addition to our focus on density and operating efficiencies, it is critical for us to obtain an appropriate yield, which is measured as revenue per hundredweight, on the shipments we handle. We are committed to a disciplined

9

yield management process that focuses on individual account profitability. We believe yield management and improvements in efficiency are key components in our ability to produce profitable growth.

Our primary cost elements are direct salaries, wages and benefits associated with the movement of freight, operating supplies and expenses, which include diesel fuel, and depreciation of our equipment fleet and service center facilities. We gauge our overall success in managing costs by monitoring our operating ratio, a measure of profitability calculated by dividing total operating expenses by revenue, which also allows for industry-wide comparisons with our competition.

We continually upgrade our technological capabilities to improve our customer service and lower our operating costs. Our technology provides our customers with visibility of their shipments throughout our network, increases the productivity of our workforce, and provides key metrics that we use to monitor and enhance our processes.

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, expenses and other items as a percentage of revenue from operations:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Revenue from operations	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%
Operating expenses:
Salaries, wages and benefits	50.7		52.9		51.7		53.5
Operating supplies and expenses	11.9		11.0		12.1		11.2
General supplies and expenses	3.0		3.3		3.0		3.2
Operating taxes and licenses	2.6		2.8		2.8		3.0
Insurance and claims	1.1		1.2		1.1		1.2
Communications and utilities	0.8		0.7		0.8		0.9
Depreciation and amortization	5.5		6.0		5.6		6.2
Purchased transportation	2.4		2.6		2.4		2.5
Building and office equipment rents	0.1		0.2		0.2		0.2
Miscellaneous expenses, net	0.3		0.5		0.5		0.6
Total operating expenses	78.4		81.2		80.2		82.5
Operating income	21.6		18.8		19.8		17.5
Interest (income) expense, net	(0.1	)	0.0		(0.1	)	0.1
Other (income) expense, net	(0.0	)	(0.1	)	0.1		(0.1	)
Income before income taxes	21.7		18.9		19.8		17.5
Provision for income taxes	5.3		7.2		5.0		6.7
Net income	16.4	%	11.7	%	14.8	%	10.8	%

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Results of Operations

Key financial and operating metrics for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 are presented below:

	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
	September 30,								September 30,
	2018			2017			% Change		2018			2017			% Change
Work days	63			63			—	%	191			191			—	%
Revenue (in thousands)	$	1,058,233		$	872,987		21.2	%	$	3,016,751		$	2,466,995		22.3	%
Operating ratio	78.4		%	81.2		%			80.2		%	82.5		%
Net income (in thousands)	$	173,442		$	102,314		69.5	%	$	446,209		$	266,524		67.4	%
Diluted earnings per share	$	2.12		$	1.24		71.0	%	$	5.43		$	3.23		68.1	%
LTL tons (in thousands)	2,367			2,190			8.1	%	7,104			6,308			12.6	%
LTL shipments (in thousands)	3,042			2,774			9.7	%	8,879			8,039			10.4	%
LTL weight per shipment (lbs.)	1,557			1,579			(1.4	)%	1,600			1,569			2.0	%
LTL revenue per hundredweight	$	21.90		$	19.47		12.5	%	$	20.94		$	19.28		8.6	%
LTL revenue per shipment	$	340.91		$	307.45		10.9	%	$	335.05		$	302.52		10.8	%
Average length of haul (miles)	920			919			0.1	%	917			918			(0.1	)%

Our financial results for the third quarter of 2018 include Company records for revenue, operating ratio and net income. We believe our third quarter revenue of $1.1 billion was driven by the continued strength of the domestic economy and increased demand for our premium service in a favorable pricing environment. Our increased revenue, coupled with our ongoing cost-control measures, led to an increase in our operating income of over 38% for the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, as compared to the same periods of 2017, and a Company record operating ratio of 78.4% for the third quarter of 2018. Our higher operating income, combined with the substantial reduction in our income tax rate due to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, resulted in an increase of over 67% in net income and earnings per diluted share for the third quarter and first nine months of 2018 as compared to the same periods of 2017.

Revenue

Revenue increased $185.2 million and $549.8 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, respectively, as compared to the same periods of 2017, due primarily to increases in LTL tons and LTL revenue per hundredweight. Third quarter LTL tons increased due to higher LTL shipments that were partially offset by a slight decrease in LTL weight per shipment. We believe this change in weight per shipment was primarily due to fluctuations in the overall mix of our freight and operational changes implemented at the end of the second quarter of 2018 that reduced the number of heavy-weighted shipments in our network. LTL tons during the first nine months of 2018 increased due to higher LTL shipments and LTL weight per shipment as compared to the same period of 2017. We believe these increases in LTL tons and LTL revenue per hundredweight were driven by continued macroeconomic strength and growth in our market share resulting from increased demand for the consistent levels of superior service that we provide to our customers.

LTL revenue per hundredweight increased 12.5% and 8.6% in the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, respectively, as compared to the same periods of 2017. Excluding fuel surcharges, LTL revenue per hundredweight increased 9.0% and 5.6% in the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, respectively, as compared to the same periods of 2017. We believe the continued increase in our revenue per hundredweight reflects our consistent yield management process and a favorable pricing environment that has resulted from general capacity constraints in the transportation industry.

Most of our tariffs and contracts provide for a fuel surcharge that is generally indexed to the diesel fuel prices published by the U.S. Department of Energy ("DOE"), which reset each week. Our fuel surcharges are designed to offset fluctuations in the cost of petroleum-based products and are one of the many components included in the overall negotiated price we charge for our services. As a percent of revenue, fuel surcharges increased to 13.6% and 13.2% for the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, respectively, as compared to 10.8% for each of the

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same periods of 2017. These increases were due primarily to an increase in the average price per gallon for diesel fuel for those comparative periods. We regularly monitor the components of our pricing, including base freight rates and fuel surcharges. We also address any individual account profitability issues with our customers as part of our effort to minimize the negative impact on our profitability that would likely result from a rapid and significant change in any of our operating expenses.

Fourth Quarter 2018 Update

LTL tons per day increased 2.4% in October 2018, due primarily to a 6.0% increase in LTL shipments per day that was slightly offset by a 3.4% decrease in LTL weight per shipment as compared to October 2017. For October 2018, LTL revenue per hundredweight increased approximately 13.7% as compared to the same month last year.

Operating Costs and Other Expenses

Salaries, wages and benefits for the third quarter of 2018 increased $74.7 million, or 16.2%, as compared to the third quarter of 2017 due to a $52.0 million increase in the costs attributable to salaries and wages and a $22.7 million increase in benefit costs. Salaries, wages and benefits for the first nine months of 2018 increased $239.9 million, or 18.2%, as compared to the same period of 2017 due to a $170.8 million increase in the costs attributable to salaries and wages and a $69.1 million increase in benefit costs.

The increases in the costs attributable to salaries and wages were due primarily to an increase in the number of full-time employees and increases in our employees’ wages. Our average number of full-time employees increased by 16.2% and 14.8% during the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, respectively, as compared to the same periods of 2017, to support our shipment growth. Salaries and wages also increased as a result of higher performance-based compensation and annual wage increases provided to our employees at the beginning of both September 2017 and 2018. Our costs were also impacted by productivity declines in our platform and P&D operations as we train our new employees. Although our costs increased, our aggregate productive labor costs as a percent of revenue improved to 26.5% and 27.0% in the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, respectively, as compared to 27.9% and 28.1% of revenue for the same periods of 2017. Our indirect salaries and wages as a percent of revenue also improved to 11.0% and 11.5% of revenue in the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, respectively, from 11.7% and 12.0% for the same periods of 2017.

The increases in the costs attributable to employee benefits for the third quarter and first nine months of 2018 were primarily due to the increase in our average number of full-time employees and an increase in the costs of certain retirement benefits directly linked to the market price of our common stock and net income. In addition, our costs increased as a result of enhancements to our employees' paid time off benefits implemented in 2018. Our benefit costs were also impacted by lower workers’ compensation costs per employee during the third quarter and first nine months of 2018 as compared to the same periods of 2017. As a percent of salaries and wages, our benefit costs increased to 35.0% and 34.5% for the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, respectively, compared to 33.7% and 33.4% for the same periods of 2017.

Operating supplies and expenses increased $30.5 million and $89.9 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, respectively, as compared to the same periods of 2017, due primarily to the increase in diesel fuel costs. The cost of diesel fuel, excluding fuel taxes, represents the largest component of operating supplies and expenses, and can vary based on both our average price per gallon and consumption. The increase in diesel fuel costs, excluding fuel taxes, was due primarily to a 29.8% and 30.5% increase in our average cost per gallon of diesel fuel in the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, respectively, as compared to the same periods of 2017. In addition, our gallons consumed increased 9.7% and 12.7%, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2017 due to an increase in miles driven. We do not use diesel fuel hedging instruments and our costs are therefore subject to market price fluctuations. Other operating supplies and expenses remained consistent as a percent of revenue between the periods compared.

Depreciation and amortization increased $6.2 million and $15.1 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, respectively, as compared to the same periods of 2017 due primarily to the assets acquired as part of our 2017 and 2018 capital expenditure programs. We believe depreciation will continue to increase based on our 2018 capital expenditure plan. While our investments in real estate, equipment, and technology can increase our costs in the short-term, we believe these investments are necessary to support our continued growth and strategic initiatives.

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Our effective tax rate for the third quarter and first nine months of 2018 was 24.3% and 25.4%, respectively, as compared to 37.8% and 38.3% for the same periods of 2017. The decrease in our tax rate in 2018 is due to the positive impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which reduced the corporate federal income tax rate for 2018 and future years from 35% to 21%. Our effective tax rate generally exceeds the federal statutory rate due to the impact of state taxes and, to a lesser extent, certain other non-deductible items.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

A summary of our cash flows is presented below:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
(In thousands)	2018			2017
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	$	127,462		$	10,171
Cash flows provided by (used in):
Operating activities	675,418			388,013
Investing activities	(465,738		)	(277,064		)
Financing activities	(159,674		)	(43,029		)
Increase in cash and cash equivalents	50,006			67,920
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	177,468		$	78,091

The change in our cash flows provided by operating activities during the first nine months of 2018 as compared to the same period last year was due primarily to an increase in net income of $179.7 million, as well as fluctuations in accounts payable, deferred income taxes and other working capital accounts.

The change in our cash flows used in investing activities during the first nine months of 2018 as compared to the same period last year was primarily due to fluctuations in our capital expenditure plans as well as the timing of these expenditures during the year. Changes in our capital expenditures are more fully described below in “Capital Expenditures.”

The change in our cash flows used in financing activities during the first nine months of 2018 as compared to the same period last year was due primarily to fluctuations in capital returned to shareholders and fluctuations in our long-term debt, which includes our senior unsecured revolving line of credit. Our financing arrangements are more fully described below under "Financing Agreements." Our return of capital to shareholders is more fully described below under "Stock Repurchase Program" and "Dividends to Shareholders".

We have three primary sources of available liquidity: cash and cash equivalents, cash flows from operations and available borrowings under our senior unsecured revolving credit agreement, which are described below. We believe we also have sufficient access to debt and equity markets to provide other sources of liquidity, if needed.

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Capital Expenditures

The table below sets forth our net capital expenditures for property and equipment, including capital assets obtained through capital leases, for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2018 and the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015:

	September 30,			December 31,
(In thousands)	2018			2017			2016			2015
Land and structures	$	162,216		$	179,150		$	161,646		$	153,460
Tractors	178,903			123,152			114,166			128,911
Trailers	85,757			37,424			94,040			114,209
Technology	13,815			19,329			18,428			32,044
Other equipment and assets	29,175			23,070			29,661			36,987
Proceeds from sales	(3,329		)	(12,240		)	(10,541		)	(24,442		)
Total	$	466,537		$	369,885		$	407,400		$	441,169

Our capital expenditures vary based upon the projected increase in the number and size of our service center facilities necessary to support our plan for long-term growth, our planned tractor and trailer replacement cycle and forecasted tonnage and shipment growth. Expenditures for land and structures can be dependent upon the availability of land in the geographic areas where we are looking to expand. We expect to continue to maintain a high level of capital expenditures in order to support our long-term plan for market share growth.

We currently estimate capital expenditures will be approximately $555 million for the year ending December 31, 2018. Approximately $200 million is allocated for the purchase of service center facilities, construction of new service center facilities or expansion of existing service center facilities, subject to the availability of suitable real estate and the timing of construction projects; approximately $300 million is allocated for the purchase of tractors and trailers; and approximately $55 million is allocated for investments in technology and other assets. We expect to fund these capital expenditures primarily through cash flows from operations and our existing cash and cash equivalents. We believe our current sources of liquidity will be sufficient to satisfy our expected capital expenditures.

Stock Repurchase Program

Our stock repurchase program, which was previously announced on May 23, 2016 and pursuant to which we could repurchase up to an aggregate of $250.0 million of our outstanding common stock, expired in accordance with its terms during the second quarter of 2018. On May 17, 2018, we announced that our Board of Directors had approved a new two-year stock repurchase program authorizing us to repurchase up to an aggregate of $250.0 million of our outstanding common stock (the “2018 Repurchase Program”). Under the 2018 Repurchase Program, which became effective upon the expiration of our prior stock repurchase program, we may repurchase shares from time to time in open market purchases or through privately negotiated transactions. Shares of our common stock repurchased under our repurchase programs are canceled at the time of repurchase and are classified as authorized but unissued shares of our common stock. As of September 30, 2018, we had $218.4 million remaining authorized under the 2018 Repurchase Program.

Dividends to Shareholders

Our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.13 per share for each quarter of 2018, and declared a cash dividend of $0.10 per share for each quarter of 2017.

Although we intend to pay a quarterly cash dividend on our common stock for the foreseeable future, the declaration and amount of any future dividend is subject to approval by our Board of Directors, and is restricted by applicable state law limitations on distributions to shareholders as well as certain covenants under our revolving credit facility. We anticipate that any future quarterly cash dividends will be funded through cash flows from operations and, if needed, borrowings under our revolving credit facility.

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Financing Agreements

We had one unsecured senior note agreement with an amount outstanding of $45.0 million and $95.0 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Our unsecured senior note agreement calls for a scheduled principal payment of $50.0 million, which was paid on January 3, 2018, and a scheduled principal payment of $45.0 million, which is due on January 3, 2021. Interest rates on the January 3, 2018 and January 3, 2021 scheduled principal payments were 4.00% and 4.79%, respectively. The effective average interest rate on our outstanding senior note agreement was 4.79% and 4.37% at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

On December 15, 2015, we entered into an amended and restated credit agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association ("Wells Fargo") serving as administrative agent for the lenders (the "Credit Agreement"). The Credit Agreement originally provided for a five-year, $250.0 million senior unsecured revolving line of credit and a $100.0 million accordion feature, which if fully exercised and approved, would expand the total borrowing capacity up to an aggregate of $350.0 million.

On September 9, 2016, we exercised a portion of the accordion feature and entered into an amendment to the Credit Agreement to increase the aggregate commitments from existing lenders by $50.0 million to an aggregate of $300.0 million. Of the $300.0 million line of credit commitments under the Credit Agreement, as amended, up to $100.0 million may be used for letters of credit and $30.0 million may be used for borrowings under the Wells Fargo Sweep Plus Loan Program (the "Sweep Program"). We utilize the Sweep Program to manage our daily cash needs, as it automatically initiates borrowings to cover overnight cash requirements primarily for working capital needs.

The amounts outstanding and available borrowing capacity under the Credit Agreement are presented below:

(In thousands)	September 30,			December 31,
	2018			2017
Facility limit	$	300,000		$	300,000
Line of credit borrowings	—			—
Outstanding letters of credit	(61,505		)	(71,368		)
Available borrowing capacity	$	238,495		$	228,632

With the exception of borrowings pursuant to the Credit Agreement, interest rates are fixed on all of our debt instruments. Therefore, short-term exposure to fluctuations in interest rates is limited to our line of credit facility. We do not currently use interest rate derivative instruments to manage exposure to interest rate changes.

Our senior note agreement and Credit Agreement contain customary covenants, including financial covenants that require us to observe a maximum ratio of debt to total capital and a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio. Any future wholly-owned material domestic subsidiaries of the Company would be required to guarantee payment of all of our obligations under these agreements. The Credit Agreement also includes a provision limiting our ability to make restricted payments, including dividends and payments for share repurchases, unless, among other conditions, no defaults or events of default are ongoing (or would be caused by such restricted payment).

A significant decrease in demand for our services could limit our ability to generate cash flow and affect our profitability. Most of our debt agreements have covenants that require stated levels of financial performance, which if not achieved could cause acceleration of the payment schedules. As of September 30, 2018, we were in compliance with these covenants. We do not anticipate a significant decline in business levels or financial performance that would cause us to violate any such covenants in the future, and we believe the combination of our existing Credit Agreement along with our additional borrowing capacity will be sufficient to meet foreseeable seasonal and long-term capital needs.

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Critical Accounting Policies

In preparing our condensed financial statements, we applied the same critical accounting policies as described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 that affect judgments and estimates of amounts recorded for certain assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses.

Seasonality

Our tonnage levels and revenue mix are subject to seasonal trends common in our industry, although other factors, such as macroeconomic changes, could cause variation in these trends. Our revenue and operating margins in the first and fourth quarters are typically lower than those during the second and third quarters due to reduced shipments during the winter months. Harsh winter weather or natural disasters, such as hurricanes, tornadoes and floods, can also adversely impact our performance by reducing demand and increasing operating expenses. We believe seasonal trends will continue to impact our business.

Environmental Regulation

We are subject to various federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations that focus on, among other things: the emission and discharge of hazardous materials into the environment or their presence at our properties or in our vehicles; fuel storage tanks; transportation of certain materials; and the discharge or retention of storm water. Under specific environmental laws, we could also be held responsible for any costs relating to contamination at our past or present facilities and at third-party waste disposal sites, as well as costs associated with clean-up of accidents involving our vehicles. We do not believe that the cost of future compliance with current environmental laws or regulations will have a material adverse effect on our operations, financial condition, competitive position or capital expenditures for the remainder of 2018 or fiscal year 2019. However, future changes to laws or regulations may adversely affect our operations and could result in unforeseen costs to our business.

Forward-Looking Information

Forward-looking statements appear in this report, including, but not limited to, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and in other written and oral statements made by or on behalf of us. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements relating to our goals, strategies, expectations, competitive environment, regulation, availability of resources, future events and future financial performance. Such forward-looking statements are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements typically can be identified by such words as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “forecast,” “project,” “intend,” “expect,” “believe,” “should,” “could,” “may” or other similar words or expressions. We caution readers that such forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the risk factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 and in other reports and statements that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Such forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from those expressed or implied herein, including, but not limited to, the following:

• the competitive environment with respect to industry capacity and pricing, including the use of fuel surcharges, which could negatively impact our total overall pricing strategy and our ability to cover our operating expenses;

• our ability to collect fuel surcharges and the effectiveness of those fuel surcharges in mitigating the impact of fluctuating prices for diesel fuel and other petroleum-based products;

• the negative impact of any unionization, or the passage of legislation or regulations that could facilitate unionization, of our employees;

• the challenges associated with executing our growth strategy, including our ability to successfully consummate and integrate any acquisitions;

• changes in our goals and strategies, which are subject to change at any time at our discretion;

• various economic factors such as recessions, downturns in the economy, global uncertainty and instability, changes in U.S. social, political, and regulatory conditions or a disruption of financial markets, which may decrease demand for our services;

• the impact of changes in tax laws, rates, guidance and interpretations, including those related to certain provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act;

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• increases in driver and maintenance technician compensation or difficulties attracting and retaining qualified drivers and maintenance technicians to meet freight demand;

• our exposure to claims related to cargo loss and damage, property damage, personal injury, workers' compensation, group health and group dental, including increased premiums, adverse loss development, increased self-insured retention levels and claims in excess of insured coverage levels;

• cost increases associated with employee benefits, including costs associated with employee healthcare plans;

• the availability and cost of capital for our significant ongoing cash requirements;

• the availability and cost of new equipment and replacement parts, including regulatory changes and supply constraints that could impact the cost of these assets;

• decreases in demand for, and the value of, used equipment;

• the availability and cost of diesel fuel;

• the costs and potential liabilities related to compliance with, or violations of, existing or future governmental laws and regulations, including environmental laws, engine emissions standards, hours-of-service for our drivers, driver fitness requirements and new safety standards for drivers and equipment;

• the costs and potential liabilities related to various legal proceedings and claims that have arisen in the ordinary course of our business, some of which include class-action allegations;

• the costs and potential liabilities related to governmental proceedings, inquiries, notices or investigations;

• the costs and potential liabilities related to our international business relationships;

• the costs and potential adverse impact of compliance with, or violations of, current and future rules issued by the Department of Transportation, the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (the "FMCSA") and other regulatory agencies,

• the costs and potential adverse impact of compliance associated with addressing interoperability between legacy electronic automatic on-board recording devices and electronic logging devices (“ELDs”) that comply with FMCSA’s ELD regulations and guidance;

• seasonal trends in the less-than-truckload industry, including harsh weather conditions and disasters;

• our dependence on key employees;

• the concentration of our stock ownership with the Congdon family;

• the costs and potential adverse impact associated with future changes in accounting standards or practices;

• potential costs associated with cyber incidents and other risks, including system failure, security breach, disruption by malware or other damage;

• failure to keep pace with developments in technology, any disruption to our technology infrastructure, or failures of essential services upon which our technology platforms rely, which could cause us to incur costs or result in a loss of business;

• the costs and potential adverse impact associated with transitional challenges in upgrading or enhancing our technology systems;

• damage to our reputation through unfavorable publicity;

• the costs and potential adverse impact of compliance with anti-terrorism measures on our business;

• dilution to existing shareholders caused by any issuance of additional equity;

• the impact of a quarterly cash dividend or the failure to declare future cash dividends;

• fluctuations in the market value of our common stock;

• the impact of certain provisions in our articles of incorporation, bylaws, and Virginia law that could discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of us or a change in our management; and

• other risks and uncertainties described in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and other filings with the SEC.

Our forward-looking statements are based upon our beliefs and assumptions using information available at the time the statements are made. We caution the reader not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements as (i) these statements are neither a prediction nor a guarantee of future events or circumstances and (ii) the assumptions, beliefs, expectations and projections about future events may differ materially from actual results. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement to reflect developments occurring after the statement is made, except as otherwise required by law.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

There have been no material changes to our market risk exposures since our most recent fiscal year end. For a discussion of our exposure to market risk, refer to Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk,” contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report, our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures in accordance with Rule 13a-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report, our CEO and CFO concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (a) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure, and (b) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

b) Changes in internal control over financial reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are involved in or addressing various legal proceedings and claims, governmental inquiries, notices and investigations that have arisen in the ordinary course of our business and have not been fully adjudicated, some of which may be covered in whole or in part by insurance.  Certain of these matters include class-action allegations. We do not believe that the resolution of any of these matters will have a material adverse effect upon our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this report and in our other reports and statements that we file with the SEC, including our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, careful consideration should be given to the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, which could materially affect our business, financial condition and future results. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The following table provides information regarding our repurchases of our common stock during the third quarter of 2018:

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Programs
July 1-31, 2018	69,226	$	147.32	69,226	$	237,402,304
August 1-31, 2018	77,597	$	146.89	77,597	$	226,003,989
September 1-30, 2018	47,178	$	161.06	47,178	$	218,405,269
Total	194,001	$	150.49	194,001

On May 17, 2018, we announced that our Board of Directors had approved a two-year stock repurchase program authorizing us to repurchase up to an aggregate of $250.0 million of our outstanding common stock (the “Repurchase Program”). Under the Repurchase Program, which became effective upon the expiration of our prior stock repurchase program in June 2018, we may repurchase shares from time to time in open market purchases or through privately negotiated transactions. Shares of our common stock repurchased under our Repurchase Program are canceled at the time of repurchase and are classified as authorized but unissued shares of our common stock.

Item 6. Exhibits

The exhibits listed in the accompanying Exhibit Index are filed as a part of this report.

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EXHIBIT INDEX

TO QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

Exhibit No.	Description
4.1	Specimen Certificate of Common Stock (Incorporated by reference to the exhibit of the same number contained in the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2018, filed on August 7, 2018)
31.1	Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2	Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1	Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2	Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101	The following financial information from our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2018, filed on November 5, 2018, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) includes: (i) the Condensed Balance Sheets at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, (ii) the Condensed Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, (iii) the Condensed Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, and (iv) the Notes to the Condensed Financial Statements

Our SEC file number reference for documents filed with the SEC pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is 0-19582.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		OLD DOMINION FREIGHT LINE, INC.
DATE:	November 5, 2018	/s/  ADAM N. SATTERFIELD
		Adam N. Satterfield
		Senior Vice President - Finance and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
DATE:	November 5, 2018	/s/  KIMBERLY S. MAREADY
		Kimberly S. Maready
		Vice President - Accounting and Finance (Principal Accounting Officer)

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EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Greg C. Gantt, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Old Dominion Freight Line, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	November 5, 2018
		/s/ GREG C. GANTT
		President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Adam N. Satterfield, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Old Dominion Freight Line, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	November 5, 2018
		/s/ ADAM N. SATTERFIELD
		Senior Vice President - Finance and
		Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906

OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Greg C. Gantt, state and attest that:

(1) I am the President and Chief Executive Officer of Old Dominion Freight Line, Inc. (the “Issuer”).

(2) Accompanying this certification is the Issuer’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2018 (the “Quarterly Report”), a periodic report filed by the Issuer with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which contains financial statements.

(3) I hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:

◦ The Quarterly Report containing the financial statements fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, and

◦ The information contained in the Quarterly Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Issuer for the periods presented.

/s/ GREG C. GANTT
Name:	Greg C. Gantt
Date:	November 5, 2018

EX-32.2

EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906

OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Adam N. Satterfield, state and attest that:

(1) I am the Senior Vice President - Finance and Chief Financial Officer of Old Dominion Freight Line, Inc. (the “Issuer”).

(2) Accompanying this certification is the Issuer’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2018 (the “Quarterly Report”), a periodic report filed by the Issuer with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which contains financial statements.

(3) I hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:

◦ The Quarterly Report containing the financial statements fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, and

◦ The information contained in the Quarterly Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Issuer for the periods presented.

/s/ ADAM N. SATTERFIELD
Name:	Adam N. Satterfield
Date:	November 5, 2018

XML

Document And Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Nov. 02, 2018
Document And Entity Information [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	OLD DOMINION FREIGHT LINE INC/VA
Entity Central Index Key	0000878927
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2018
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2018
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Trading Symbol	ODFL
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		81,750,145

XML

Condensed Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 177,468	$ 127,462
Customer receivables, less allowances of $9,916 and $9,465, respectively	466,455	394,169
Other receivables	15,752	21,612
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	36,640	41,410
Total current assets	696,315	584,653
Property and equipment:
Revenue equipment	1,835,160	1,591,036
Land and structures	1,708,825	1,548,079
Other fixed assets	450,992	432,146
Leasehold improvements	8,749	8,668
Total property and equipment	4,003,726	3,579,929
Accumulated depreciation	(1,300,451)	(1,175,470)
Net property and equipment	2,703,275	2,404,459
Goodwill	19,463	19,463
Other assets	70,259	59,849
Total assets	3,489,312	3,068,424
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	88,150	73,729
Compensation and benefits	193,525	152,566
Claims and insurance accruals	53,783	49,949
Other accrued liabilities	26,999	24,805
Current maturities of long-term debt	0	50,000
Total current liabilities	362,457	351,049
Long-term liabilities:
Long-term debt	45,000	45,000
Other non-current liabilities	237,392	205,561
Deferred income taxes	227,531	189,960
Total long-term liabilities	509,923	440,521
Total liabilities	872,380	791,570
Commitments and Contingencies
Shareholders' equity:
Common stock - $0.10 par value, 140,000,000 shares authorized, 81,885,354 and 82,375,945 shares outstanding at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively	8,189	8,238
Capital in excess of par value	140,841	138,359
Retained earnings	2,467,902	2,130,257
Total shareholders' equity	2,616,932	2,276,854
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$ 3,489,312	$ 3,068,424

XML

Condensed Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Customer receivables, allowances	$ 9,916	$ 9,465
Common stock, par value	$ 0.10	$ 0.10
Common stock, shares authorized	140,000,000	140,000,000
Common stock, shares outstanding	81,885,354	82,375,945

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Condensed Statements Of Operations - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenue from operations	$ 1,058,233	$ 872,987	$ 3,016,751	$ 2,466,995
Operating expenses:
Salaries, wages and benefits	536,513	461,799	1,560,073	1,320,207
Operating supplies and expenses	126,024	95,543	365,004	275,110
General supplies and expenses	31,209	28,785	91,076	79,940
Operating taxes and licenses	27,952	24,547	82,905	73,530
Insurance and claims	12,069	10,700	34,510	28,804
Communications and utilities	8,215	6,490	22,700	20,945
Depreciation and amortization	58,086	51,934	167,802	152,670
Purchased transportation	25,373	22,739	73,157	61,596
Building and office equipment rents	1,533	2,018	5,055	6,114
Miscellaneous expenses, net	2,874	4,557	16,263	15,650
Total operating expenses	829,848	709,112	2,418,545	2,034,566
Operating income	228,385	163,875	598,206	432,429
Non-operating expense (income):
Interest expense	29	555	51	1,792
Interest income	(778)	(228)	(1,902)	(332)
Other (income) expense, net	(70)	(977)	1,895	(999)
Total non-operating (income) expense	(819)	(650)	44	461
Income before income taxes	229,204	164,525	598,162	431,968
Provision for income taxes	55,762	62,211	151,953	165,444
Net income	$ 173,442	$ 102,314	$ 446,209	$ 266,524
Earnings per share:
Basic	$ 2.12	$ 1.24	$ 5.44	$ 3.24
Diluted	2.12	1.24	5.43	3.23
Dividends declared per share	$ 0.13	$ 0.10	$ 0.39	$ 0.30
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic	81,885,262	82,286,295	82,067,519	82,317,244
Diluted	81,975,774	82,380,936	82,165,731	82,417,557

XML

Condensed Statements Of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Statement of Cash Flows [Abstract]
Net income	$ 446,209	$ 266,524
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	167,802	152,670
Loss (gain) on sale of property and equipment	(72)	705
Share-based compensation	3,559	2,416
Provision for deferred income taxes	37,571	1,815
Other operating activities, net	20,349	(36,117)
Net cash provided by operating activities	675,418	388,013
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment	(469,866)	(288,840)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	3,329	9,637
Other investing, net	799	2,139
Net cash used in investing activities	(465,738)	(277,064)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Principal payments under long-term debt agreements	(50,000)	0
Net payments on revolving line of credit	0	(9,975)
Payments for share repurchases	(76,589)	(8,013)
Dividends paid	(32,011)	(24,697)
Other financing activities, net	(1,074)	(344)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(159,674)	(43,029)
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	50,006	67,920
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	127,462	10,171
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$ 177,468	$ 78,091

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Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Significant Accounting Policies

Note 1. Significant Accounting Policies

Business

We are a leading, less-than-truckload (“LTL”), union-free motor carrier providing regional, inter-regional and national LTL services through a single integrated organization. Our service offerings, which include expedited transportation, are provided through an expansive network of service centers located throughout the continental United States. Through strategic alliances, we also provide LTL services throughout North America. In addition to our core LTL services, we offer a range of value-added services including container drayage, truckload brokerage and supply chain consulting. We have one operating segment and the composition of our revenue is summarized below:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(In thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017
LTL services	$	1,041,854	$	859,832	$	2,971,399	$	2,426,419
Other services	16,379		13,155		45,352		40,576
Total revenue from operations	$	1,058,233	$	872,987	$	3,016,751	$	2,466,995

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited, interim condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") for interim financial information and, in management’s opinion, contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring items) necessary for a fair presentation, in all material respects, of the financial position and results of operations for the periods presented. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements.

The preparation of condensed financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions. Such estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Our operating results are subject to seasonal trends; therefore, the results of operations for the interim period ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the subsequent quarterly period or the year ending December 31, 2018.

The condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes, which appear in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. There have been no significant changes in the accounting principles and policies, long-term contracts or estimates inherent in the preparation of the condensed financial statements of Old Dominion Freight Line, Inc. as previously described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, other than those disclosed in this Form 10-Q.

Certain amounts in prior years have been reclassified to conform prior years’ financial statements to the current presentation.

Unless the context requires otherwise, references in these Notes to “Old Dominion,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Old Dominion Freight Line, Inc.

Fair Values of Financial Instruments

The carrying values of financial instruments in current assets and current liabilities approximate their fair value due to the short maturities of these instruments. The carrying value of our total long-term debt, including current maturities, was $45.0 million and $95.0 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The estimated fair value of our total long-term debt, including current maturities, was $45.8 million and $97.1 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The fair value measurement of our senior notes was determined using a discounted cash flow analysis that factors in current market yields for comparable borrowing arrangements under our credit profile. Since this methodology is based upon market yields for comparable arrangements, the measurement is categorized as Level 2 under the three-level fair value hierarchy as established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”).

Stock Repurchase Program

Our stock repurchase program, which was previously announced on May 23, 2016 and pursuant to which we could repurchase up to an aggregate of $250.0 million of our outstanding common stock, expired in accordance with its terms during the second quarter of 2018. On May 17, 2018, we announced that our Board of Directors had approved a new two-year stock repurchase program authorizing us to repurchase up to an aggregate of $250.0 million of our outstanding common stock (the “2018 Repurchase Program”). Under the 2018 Repurchase Program, which became effective upon the expiration of our prior stock repurchase program, we may repurchase shares from time to time in open market purchases or through privately negotiated transactions. Shares of our common stock repurchased under our repurchase programs are canceled at the time of repurchase and are classified as authorized but unissued shares of our common stock.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we repurchased 194,001 shares of our common stock for $29.2 million and 521,342 shares of our common stock for $76.6 million under our repurchase programs, respectively. As of September 30, 2018, we had $218.4 million remaining authorized under the 2018 Repurchase Program.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" (Topic 606). This ASU supersedes the previous revenue recognition requirements in Accounting Standards Codification Topic 605 - Revenue Recognition. The guidance provides a five-step analysis to determine when and how revenue is recognized and further enhances disclosure requirements. Transition methods under ASU 2014-09 must be through (i) retrospective application to each prior reporting period presented, or (ii) modified retrospective application with a cumulative effect adjustment at the date of initial application.

Our revenue is generated from providing transportation and related services to customers in accordance with the bill of lading ("BOL") contract, our general tariff provisions and contractual agreements. Generally, our performance obligations begin when we receive a BOL from a customer and are satisfied when we complete the delivery of a shipment and related services. We recognize revenue for our performance obligations under our customer contracts over time, as our customers receive the benefits of our services in accordance with ASU 2014-09. With respect to services not completed at the end of a reporting period, we use a percentage of completion method to allocate the appropriate revenue to each separate reporting period. Under this method, we develop a factor for each uncompleted shipment by dividing the actual number of days in transit at the end of a reporting period by that shipment’s standard delivery time schedule. This factor is applied to the total revenue for that shipment and revenue is allocated between reporting periods accordingly. Payment terms vary by customer and are short-term in nature.

We adopted ASU 2014-09 as of January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective application. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on how we recognize revenue or to our financial position, results of operations or cash flows for the three or nine months ended September 30, 2018.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases” (Topic 842). This ASU requires a lessee to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability under most operating leases on its balance sheet. ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, “Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements,” which provides companies with an additional optional transition method to apply the new standard to leases in effect at the adoption date through a cumulative effect adjustment. We plan to adopt the new lease standard using this optional transition method. Although we are continuing to evaluate the impact of adoption, we expect ASU 2016-02 to have a material impact on our Condensed Balance Sheet due to the requirement to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities.

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Earnings Per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share, Policy

Note 2. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the daily weighted average number of shares of our common stock outstanding for the period, excluding unvested restricted stock. Unvested restricted stock is included in common shares outstanding on our Condensed Balance Sheets. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the treasury stock method and includes the impact of shares of unvested restricted stock.

The following table provides a reconciliation of the number of common shares used in computing basic and diluted earnings per share:

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2018	2017	2018	2017
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic	81,885,262	82,286,295	82,067,519	82,317,244
Dilutive effect of share-based awards	90,512	94,641	98,212	100,313
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted	81,975,774	82,380,936	82,165,731	82,417,557

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Long-Term Debt

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Long-Term Debt

Note 3. Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consisted of the following:

(In thousands)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Senior notes	$	45,000	$	95,000
Revolving credit facility	—		—
Total long-term debt	45,000		95,000
Less: Current maturities	—		(50,000		)
Total maturities due after one year	$	45,000	$	45,000

We had one unsecured senior note agreement with an amount outstanding of $45.0 million and $95.0 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Our unsecured senior note agreement calls for a scheduled principal payment of $50.0 million, which was paid on January 3, 2018, and a scheduled principal payment of $45.0 million, which is due on January 3, 2021. Interest rates on the January 3, 2018 and January 3, 2021 scheduled principal payments were 4.00% and 4.79%, respectively. The effective average interest rate on our outstanding senior note agreement was 4.79% and 4.37% at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

On December 15, 2015, we entered into an amended and restated credit agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association ("Wells Fargo") serving as administrative agent for the lenders (the "Credit Agreement"). The Credit Agreement originally provided for a five-year, $250.0 million senior unsecured revolving line of credit and a $100.0 million accordion feature, which if fully exercised and approved, would expand the total borrowing capacity up to an aggregate of $350.0 million.

On September 9, 2016, we exercised a portion of the accordion feature and entered into an amendment to the Credit Agreement to increase the aggregate commitments from existing lenders by $50.0 million to an aggregate of $300.0 million. Of the $300.0 million line of credit commitments under the Credit Agreement, as amended, up to $100.0 million may be used for letters of credit and $30.0 million may be used for borrowings under the Wells Fargo Sweep Plus Loan Program (the "Sweep Program"). We utilize the Sweep Program to manage our daily cash needs, as it automatically initiates borrowings to cover overnight cash requirements primarily for working capital needs.

At our option, borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at either: (i) LIBOR plus an applicable margin (based on our ratio of net debt-to-total capitalization) that ranges from 1.0% to 1.50%; or (ii) a Base Rate plus an applicable margin (based on our ratio of net debt-to-total capitalization) that ranges from 0.0% to 0.5%. Loans under the Sweep Program bear interest at the LIBOR plus applicable margin rate. Letter of credit fees equal to the applicable margin for LIBOR loans are charged quarterly in arrears on the daily average aggregate stated amount of all letters of credit outstanding during the quarter. Commitment fees ranging from 0.125% to 0.2% (based upon the ratio of net debt-to-total capitalization) are charged quarterly in arrears on the aggregate unutilized portion of the Credit Agreement. Wells Fargo, as administrative agent, also receives an annual fee for providing administrative services.

For periods covered under the Credit Agreement, the applicable margin on LIBOR loans and letter of credit fees were 1.0% and commitment fees were 0.125%. There were $61.5 million and $71.4 million of outstanding letters of credit at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

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Commitments And Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments And Contingencies

Note 4. Commitments and Contingencies

We are involved in or addressing various legal proceedings and claims, governmental inquiries, notices and investigations that have arisen in the ordinary course of our business and have not been fully adjudicated, some of which may be covered in whole or in part by insurance. Certain of these matters include class-action allegations. We do not believe that the resolution of any of these matters will have a material adverse effect upon our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

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Income Taxes (Notes)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]

Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 5. Income Taxes

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted tax reform legislation as part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Act") that reduced the corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% and included a broad range of complex provisions affecting the taxation of businesses. Generally, financial statement recognition of the new legislation would be required to be completed in the period of enactment; however, in response to the complexities of this new legislation, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 to provide companies with transitional relief. Specifically, when the initial accounting for items under the new legislation is incomplete, the guidance allows (i) recognition of provisional amounts when reasonable estimates can be made, or (ii) continued application of the prior tax law if a reasonable estimate of the effect cannot be made. The SEC staff has provided up to one year from the date of enactment for companies to finalize the accounting for the effects of this new legislation. Although no material changes were made to provisional amounts during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2018, we will continue to refine our estimates related to the new legislation as clarifying guidance and interpretations are issued.

The Company's effective tax rate for the third quarter and first nine months of 2018 was 24.3% and 25.4%, respectively, as compared to 37.8% and 38.3% for the same periods of 2017. The decrease in the tax rate was primarily due to the positive impact of the Act. The Company’s effective tax rate generally exceeds the federal statutory rate due to the impact of state taxes and, to a lesser extent, certain other non-deductible items.

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Significant Accounting Policies (Policy)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Business

Business

We are a leading, less-than-truckload (“LTL”), union-free motor carrier providing regional, inter-regional and national LTL services through a single integrated organization. Our service offerings, which include expedited transportation, are provided through an expansive network of service centers located throughout the continental United States. Through strategic alliances, we also provide LTL services throughout North America. In addition to our core LTL services, we offer a range of value-added services including container drayage, truckload brokerage and supply chain consulting. We have one operating segment and the composition of our revenue is summarized below:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(In thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017
LTL services	$	1,041,854	$	859,832	$	2,971,399	$	2,426,419
Other services	16,379		13,155		45,352		40,576
Total revenue from operations	$	1,058,233	$	872,987	$	3,016,751	$	2,466,995

New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" (Topic 606). This ASU supersedes the previous revenue recognition requirements in Accounting Standards Codification Topic 605 - Revenue Recognition. The guidance provides a five-step analysis to determine when and how revenue is recognized and further enhances disclosure requirements. Transition methods under ASU 2014-09 must be through (i) retrospective application to each prior reporting period presented, or (ii) modified retrospective application with a cumulative effect adjustment at the date of initial application.

Our revenue is generated from providing transportation and related services to customers in accordance with the bill of lading ("BOL") contract, our general tariff provisions and contractual agreements. Generally, our performance obligations begin when we receive a BOL from a customer and are satisfied when we complete the delivery of a shipment and related services. We recognize revenue for our performance obligations under our customer contracts over time, as our customers receive the benefits of our services in accordance with ASU 2014-09. With respect to services not completed at the end of a reporting period, we use a percentage of completion method to allocate the appropriate revenue to each separate reporting period. Under this method, we develop a factor for each uncompleted shipment by dividing the actual number of days in transit at the end of a reporting period by that shipment’s standard delivery time schedule. This factor is applied to the total revenue for that shipment and revenue is allocated between reporting periods accordingly. Payment terms vary by customer and are short-term in nature.

We adopted ASU 2014-09 as of January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective application. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on how we recognize revenue or to our financial position, results of operations or cash flows for the three or nine months ended September 30, 2018.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases” (Topic 842). This ASU requires a lessee to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability under most operating leases on its balance sheet. ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, “Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements,” which provides companies with an additional optional transition method to apply the new standard to leases in effect at the adoption date through a cumulative effect adjustment. We plan to adopt the new lease standard using this optional transition method. Although we are continuing to evaluate the impact of adoption, we expect ASU 2016-02 to have a material impact on our Condensed Balance Sheet due to the requirement to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities.

Stockholders' Equity, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Stock Repurchase Program

Our stock repurchase program, which was previously announced on May 23, 2016 and pursuant to which we could repurchase up to an aggregate of $250.0 million of our outstanding common stock, expired in accordance with its terms during the second quarter of 2018. On May 17, 2018, we announced that our Board of Directors had approved a new two-year stock repurchase program authorizing us to repurchase up to an aggregate of $250.0 million of our outstanding common stock (the “2018 Repurchase Program”). Under the 2018 Repurchase Program, which became effective upon the expiration of our prior stock repurchase program, we may repurchase shares from time to time in open market purchases or through privately negotiated transactions. Shares of our common stock repurchased under our repurchase programs are canceled at the time of repurchase and are classified as authorized but unissued shares of our common stock.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we repurchased 194,001 shares of our common stock for $29.2 million and 521,342 shares of our common stock for $76.6 million under our repurchase programs, respectively. As of September 30, 2018, we had $218.4 million remaining authorized under the 2018 Repurchase Program.

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited, interim condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") for interim financial information and, in management’s opinion, contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring items) necessary for a fair presentation, in all material respects, of the financial position and results of operations for the periods presented. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements.

The preparation of condensed financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions. Such estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Our operating results are subject to seasonal trends; therefore, the results of operations for the interim period ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the subsequent quarterly period or the year ending December 31, 2018.

The condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes, which appear in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. There have been no significant changes in the accounting principles and policies, long-term contracts or estimates inherent in the preparation of the condensed financial statements of Old Dominion Freight Line, Inc. as previously described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, other than those disclosed in this Form 10-Q.

Certain amounts in prior years have been reclassified to conform prior years’ financial statements to the current presentation.

Unless the context requires otherwise, references in these Notes to “Old Dominion,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Old Dominion Freight Line, Inc.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Values of Financial Instruments

The carrying values of financial instruments in current assets and current liabilities approximate their fair value due to the short maturities of these instruments. The carrying value of our total long-term debt, including current maturities, was $45.0 million and $95.0 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The estimated fair value of our total long-term debt, including current maturities, was $45.8 million and $97.1 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The fair value measurement of our senior notes was determined using a discounted cash flow analysis that factors in current market yields for comparable borrowing arrangements under our credit profile. Since this methodology is based upon market yields for comparable arrangements, the measurement is categorized as Level 2 under the three-level fair value hierarchy as established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”).

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Earnings Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2018	2017	2018	2017
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic	81,885,262	82,286,295	82,067,519	82,317,244
Dilutive effect of share-based awards	90,512	94,641	98,212	100,313
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted	81,975,774	82,380,936	82,165,731	82,417,557

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Long-Term Debt (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule Of Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consisted of the following:

(In thousands)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Senior notes	$	45,000	$	95,000
Revolving credit facility	—		—
Total long-term debt	45,000		95,000
Less: Current maturities	—		(50,000		)
Total maturities due after one year	$	45,000	$	45,000

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Significant Accounting Policies Significant Accounting Policies (Disaggregated Revenue) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from operations	$ 1,058,233	$ 872,987	$ 3,016,751	$ 2,466,995
LTL Service Revenue [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from operations	1,041,854	859,832	2,971,399	2,426,419
Other Service Revenue [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from operations	$ 16,379	$ 13,155	$ 45,352	$ 40,576

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Significant Accounting Policies (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Stock Repurchased and Retired During Period, Shares	194,001	521,342
Stock Repurchase Program, Remaining Authorized Repurchase Amount	$ 218,400	$ 218,400
Stock Repurchased and Retired During Period, Value	29,200	76,600
Debt and Capital Lease Obligations	45,000	45,000	$ 95,000
Stock Repurchase Program, Authorized Amount	250,000	250,000
Long-term Debt, Fair Value	$ 45,800	$ 45,800	$ 97,100

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Earnings Per Share (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Diluted [Abstract]
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Basic	81,885,262	82,286,295	82,067,519	82,317,244
Incremental Common Shares Attributable to Dilutive Effect of Share-based Payment Arrangements	90,512	94,641	98,212	100,313
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Diluted	81,975,774	82,380,936	82,165,731	82,417,557

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Long-Term Debt (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Senior Notes	$ 45,000,000	$ 45,000,000	$ 95,000,000
Interest Rate Spread added to Rate	1.00%	1.00%
Line of Credit Facility, Unused Capacity, Commitment Fee Percentage	0.125%	0.125%
Letter Of Credit Fee In Percentage	1.00%	1.00%
Long-term Line of Credit	$ 0	$ 0	0
Debt and Capital Lease Obligations	45,000,000	45,000,000	95,000,000
Letters of Credit Outstanding, Amount	$ 61,500,000	$ 61,500,000	$ 71,400,000
Senior Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Effective average interest rate	4.79%	4.79%	4.37%
Tranche A [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment, Principal		$ 50,000,000
Fixed interest rate	4.00%	4.00%
Tranche B [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment, Principal		$ 45,000,000
Fixed interest rate	4.79%	4.79%
Maximum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest Rate Spread added to Rate		0.50%
Line of Credit Facility, Unused Capacity, Commitment Fee Percentage		0.20%
Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest Rate Spread added to Rate		0.00%
Line of Credit Facility, Unused Capacity, Commitment Fee Percentage		0.125%
Letter of Credit [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of Credit Facility, Capacity Available for Specific Purpose Other than for Trade Purchases	$ 100,000,000	$ 100,000,000
Sweep Program [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of Credit Facility, Capacity Available for Specific Purpose Other than for Trade Purchases	30,000,000	30,000,000
2015 Credit Agreement [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity	350,000,000	350,000,000
Original borrowing capacity	250,000,000	250,000,000
Line Of Credit Facility Accordion	100,000,000	100,000,000
Accordion Feature Exercised	50,000,000	50,000,000
Line of Credit Facility, Current Borrowing Capacity	$ 300,000,000	$ 300,000,000
London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest Rate Spread added to Rate		1.50%
London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest Rate Spread added to Rate		1.00%

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Long-Term Debt (Schedule Of Long-Term Debt) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Senior notes	$ 45,000	$ 95,000
Revolving credit facility	0	0
Total long-term debt	45,000	95,000
Less: Current maturities	0	(50,000)
Total maturities due after one year	45,000	45,000
Long-term Debt, Fair Value	$ 45,800	$ 97,100

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Income Taxes (Details)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate, Percent					21.00%
Effective Income Tax Rate, Percent	24.30%	37.80%	25.40%	38.30%